FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Irikura, KK AF Irikura, Karl K. TI Thermochemistry of Ammonium Nitrate, NH4NO3, in the Gas Phase SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; AB-INITIO; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS-SETS; HYDROGEN; CLUSTERS; WATER; INVERSION; COMPLEX; TABLES AB Hildenbrand and co-workers have shown recently that the vapor above solid ammonium nitrate includes molecules of NH4NO3, not only NH3 and HNO3 as previously believed. Their measurements led to thermochemical values that imply an enthalpy change of D-298 = 98 +/- 9 kJ mol(-1) for the gas-phase dissociation of ammonium nitrate into NH3 and HNO3. Using updated spectroscopic information for the partition function leads to the revised value of D-298 = 78 +/- 21 kJ mol(-1) (accompanying paper in this journal, Hildenbrand, D. L.; Lau, K. H.; Chandra, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2010, DOI: 10.1021/jp105773q). In contrast, high-level ab initio calculations, detailed in the present report, predict a dissociation enthalpy half as large as the original result, 50 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1). These are frozen-core CCSD(T) calculations extrapolated to the limiting basis set aug-cc-pV infinity Z using an anharmonic vibrational partition function and a variational treatment of the NH3 rotor. The corresponding enthalpy of formation is Delta H-f(298)o(NH4NO3,g) = 230.6 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1). The origin of the disagreement with experiment remains unexplained. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 43 BP 11651 EP 11653 DI 10.1021/jp105770d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 671AO UT WOS:000283471900032 PM 20929227 ER PT J AU Olmschenk, S Chicireanu, R Nelson, KD Porto, JV AF Olmschenk, S. Chicireanu, R. Nelson, K. D. Porto, J. V. TI Randomized benchmarking of atomic qubits in an optical lattice SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We perform randomized benchmarking on neutral atomic quantum bits (qubits) confined in an optical lattice. Single-qubit gates are implemented using microwaves, resulting in a measured error per randomized computational gate of 1.4(1) x 10(-4) that is dominated by the system T(2) relaxation time. The results demonstrate the robustness of the system and its viability for more advanced quantum information protocols. C1 [Olmschenk, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Olmschenk, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.olmschenk@gmail.com RI Olmschenk, Steven/D-4960-2011 OI Olmschenk, Steven/0000-0003-0105-7714 FU National Research Council (NRC); DARPA FX We thank E Knill, C A Ryan and A Meier for useful discussions regarding the randomized benchmarking procedure and E Knill, T M Hanna and A Meier for comments on this paper. Specific product citations are for the purpose of clarification only and are not an endorsement by the authors, JQI or NIST. SO and KDN acknowledge support from the National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship program. This work was partially supported by the DARPA QUEST program. This paper is a contribution of NIST and is not subject to US copyright. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 113007 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/11/113007 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 687IP UT WOS:000284772500002 ER PT J AU Dai, X Bristow, AD Karaiskaj, D Cundiff, ST AF Dai, X. Bristow, A. D. Karaiskaj, D. Cundiff, S. T. TI Two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy of potassium vapor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICALLY DENSE MEDIA; GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; PHASE; ECHO; PROPAGATION; RELAXATION; SPECTRUM; GASES AB Optical two-dimensional Fourier-transform (2DFT)spectroscopy is used to study the coherent optical response of potassium vapor in a thin transmission cell. Rephasing and nonrephasing spectra of the D-1 and D-2 transitions are obtained and compared to numerical simulations. Non-perturbative calculations using the optical Bloch equations give very good agreement with the experimental peak strengths and line shapes. Nonradiative Raman-like coherences are isolated using a different 2DFT projection. Comparison between the optical and Raman linewidths shows that dephasing is due to partially correlated energy fluctuations. Density-dependent measurements show distortion of 2DFT spectra due to pulse propagation effects. C1 [Dai, X.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dai, X (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; FU NIST; National Science Foundation's Physics Frontier Center FX The authors thank T. Asnicar and H. Green for technical assistance. The financial support is provided by NIST and the National Science Foundation's Physics Frontier Center Program. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 052503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.052503 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 674SI UT WOS:000283769700003 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Perlwitz, J Eischeid, J Quan, XW Xu, TY Zhang, T Hoerling, M Jha, B Wang, WQ AF Kumar, Arun Perlwitz, Judith Eischeid, Jon Quan, Xiaowei Xu, Taiyi Zhang, Tao Hoerling, Martin Jha, Bhaskar Wang, Wanqui TI Contribution of sea ice loss to Arctic amplification SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; WINTER; MODEL; CCM3 AB Atmospheric climate models are subjected to the observed sea ice conditions during 2007 to estimate the regionality, seasonality, and vertical pattern of temperature responses to recent Arctic sea ice loss. It is shown that anomalous sea ice conditions accounted for virtually all of the estimated Arctic amplification in surface-based warming over the Arctic Ocean, and furthermore they accounted for a large fraction of Arctic amplification occurring over the high-latitude land between 60 degrees N and the Arctic Ocean. Sea ice loss did not appreciably contribute to observed 2007 land temperature warmth equatorward of 60 degrees N. Likewise, the observed warming of the free atmosphere attributable to sea ice loss is confined to Arctic latitudes, and is vertically confined to the lowest 1000 m. The results further highlight a strong seasonality of the temperature response to the 2007 sea ice loss. A weak signal of Arctic amplification in surface based warming is found during boreal summer, whereas a dramatically stronger signal is shown to develop during early autumn that persisted through December even as sea ice coverage approached its climatological values in response to the polar night. Citation: Kumar, A., J. Perlwitz, J. Eischeid, X. Quan, T. Xu, T. Zhang, M. Hoerling, B. Jha, and W. Wang ( 2010), Contribution of sea ice loss to Arctic amplification, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21701, doi:10.1029/2010GL045022. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith; Eischeid, Jon; Quan, Xiaowei; Xu, Taiyi; Zhang, Tao; Hoerling, Martin; Wang, Wanqui] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 NR 22 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21701 DI 10.1029/2010GL045022 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TO UT WOS:000283941700011 ER PT J AU Li, T Kwon, M Zhao, M Kug, JS Luo, JJ Yu, WD AF Li, Tim Kwon, MinHo Zhao, Ming Kug, Jong-Seong Luo, Jing-Jia Yu, Weidong TI Global warming shifts Pacific tropical cyclone location SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FREQUENCY; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY; SIMULATION; ORIGIN; MODEL; WAVES; GCM AB A global high-resolution (similar to 40 km) atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM5 T319) is used to investigate the change of tropical cyclone frequency in the North Pacific under global warming. A time slice method is used in which sea surface temperature fields derived from a lower-resolution coupled model run under the 20C3M (in which historical greenhouse gases in 20th century were prescribed as a radiative forcing) and A1B (in which carbon dioxide concentration was increased 1% each year from 2000 to 2070 and then was kept constant) scenarios are specified as the lower boundary conditions to simulate the current and the future warming climate, respectively. A significant shift is found in the location of tropical cyclones from the western to central Pacific. The shift to more tropical cyclones in the central and less in the western Pacific is not attributable to a change in atmospheric static stability, but to a change in the variance of tropical synoptic-scale perturbations associated with a change in the background vertical wind shear and boundary layer divergence. Citation: Li, T., M. Kwon, M. Zhao, J.-S. Kug, J.-J. Luo, and W. Yu (2010), Global warming shifts Pacific tropical cyclone location, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21804, doi:10.1029/2010GL045124. C1 [Li, Tim; Kwon, MinHo] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kug, Jong-Seong] Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ansan 426744, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Kwon, MinHo; Zhao, Ming] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Luo, Jing-Jia] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Climate Change, Kanazawa Ku, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Yu, Weidong] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM timli@hawaii.edu RI Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; KUG, JONG-SEONG/A-8053-2013; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; OI Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; Kwon, MinHo/0000-0002-5298-131X FU ONR [N000140810256, N000141010774]; NRL [N00173-09-1-G008]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); NASA [NNX07AG53G]; NOAA [NA17RJ1230]; KORDI [PE98537] FX This work was supported by ONR grants N000140810256 and N000141010774 and NRL grant N00173-09-1-G008 and by the International Pacific Research Center that is sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), NASA (NNX07AG53G) and NOAA (NA17RJ1230). MK was supported by KORDI grant PE98537. This is SOEST contribution 8016 and IPRC contribution 720. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21804 DI 10.1029/2010GL045124 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TO UT WOS:000283941700013 ER PT J AU Padman, L Costa, DP Bolmer, ST Goebel, ME Huckstadt, LA Jenkins, A McDonald, BI Shoosmith, DR AF Padman, Laurie Costa, Daniel P. Bolmer, S. Thompson Goebel, Michael E. Huckstadt, Luis A. Jenkins, Adrian McDonald, Birgitte I. Shoosmith, Deborah R. TI Seals map bathymetry of the Antarctic continental shelf SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; PENINSULA; OCEAN; WEST; CIRCULATION; ENERGETICS; BEHAVIOR; LION AB We demonstrate the first use of marine mammal dive-depth data to improve maps of bathymetry in poorly sampled regions of the continental shelf. A group of 57 instrumented elephant seals made on the order of 2 x 10(5) dives over and near the continental shelf on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula during five seasons, 2005-2009. Maximum dive depth exceeded 2000 m. For dives made near existing ship tracks with measured water depths H<700 m, similar to 30% of dive depths were to the seabed, consistent with expected benthic foraging behavior. By identifying the deepest of multiple dives within small areas as a dive to the seabed, we have developed a map of seal-derived bathymetry. Our map fills in several regions for which trackline data are sparse, significantly improving delineation of troughs crossing the continental shelf of the southern Bellingshausen Sea. Citation: Padman, L., D. P. Costa, S. T. Bolmer, M. E. Goebel, L. A. Huckstadt, A. Jenkins, B. I. McDonald, and D. R. Shoosmith (2010), Seals map bathymetry of the Antarctic continental shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21601, doi:10.1029/2010GL044921. C1 [Padman, Laurie] Earth & Space Res, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Costa, Daniel P.; Huckstadt, Luis A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bolmer, S. Thompson] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SWFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Jenkins, Adrian; Shoosmith, Deborah R.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [McDonald, Birgitte I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Padman, L (reprint author), Earth & Space Res, 3350 SW Cascade Ave, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM padman@esr.org RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010 FU NASA [NNG05GR58G, NNX06AD40G, NNG06GA69G]; ONR [N00014-05-1-0645]; NSF [OPP-0338101, ANT-0440687, ANT-0523332]; U.S.-AMLR FX We thank David Sandwell for providing the high-resolution bathymetry grid TOPO12.1; Yann Tremblay and Patrick Robinson for calibration and preparation of the seal CTD tags; and Mike Dinniman for discussions on the role of bathymetry in modeling performance. We appreciate the detailed comments from two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by: NASA grants NNG05GR58G, NNX06AD40G and NNG06GA69G to LP; ONR grant N00014-05-1-0645 to DPC; NSF grants OPP-0338101 to ESR, and ANT-0440687 and ANT-0523332 to DPC and MEG; and the U.S.-AMLR program. This is ESR contribution 134. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21601 DI 10.1029/2010GL044921 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TO UT WOS:000283941700007 ER PT J AU Salawitch, RJ Canty, T Kurosu, T Chance, K Liang, Q da Silva, A Pawson, S Nielsen, JE Rodriguez, JM Bhartia, PK Liu, X Huey, LG Liao, J Stickel, RE Tanner, DJ Dibb, JE Simpson, WR Donohoue, D Weinheimer, A Flocke, F Knapp, D Montzka, D Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Ryerson, TB Oltmans, S Blake, DR Atlas, EL Kinnison, DE Tilmes, S Pan, LL Hendrick, F Van Roozendael, M Kreher, K Johnston, PV Gao, RS Johnson, B Bui, TP Chen, G Pierce, RB Crawford, JH Jacob, DJ AF Salawitch, R. J. Canty, T. Kurosu, T. Chance, K. Liang, Q. da Silva, A. Pawson, S. Nielsen, J. E. Rodriguez, J. M. Bhartia, P. K. Liu, X. Huey, L. G. Liao, J. Stickel, R. E. Tanner, D. J. Dibb, J. E. Simpson, W. R. Donohoue, D. Weinheimer, A. Flocke, F. Knapp, D. Montzka, D. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Ryerson, T. B. Oltmans, S. Blake, D. R. Atlas, E. L. Kinnison, D. E. Tilmes, S. Pan, L. L. Hendrick, F. Van Roozendael, M. Kreher, K. Johnston, P. V. Gao, R. S. Johnson, B. Bui, T. P. Chen, G. Pierce, R. B. Crawford, J. H. Jacob, D. J. TI A new interpretation of total column BrO during Arctic spring SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOWER STRATOSPHERE; BROMINE MONOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC BRO; OZONE DEPLETION; POLAR SUNRISE; LAYER; GOME; CLIMATOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; CANADA AB Emission of bromine from sea-salt aerosol, frost flowers, ice leads, and snow results in the nearly complete removal of surface ozone during Arctic spring. Regions of enhanced total column BrO observed by satellites have traditionally been associated with these emissions. However, airborne measurements of BrO and O-3 within the convective boundary layer (CBL) during the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns at times bear little relation to enhanced column BrO. We show that the locations of numerous satellite BrO "hotspots" during Arctic spring are consistent with observations of total column ozone and tropopause height, suggesting a stratospheric origin to these regions of elevated BrO. Tropospheric enhancements of BrO large enough to affect the column abundance are also observed, with important contributions originating from above the CBL. Closure of the budget for total column BrO, albeit with significant uncertainty, is achieved by summing observed tropospheric partial columns with calculated stratospheric partial columns provided that natural, short-lived biogenic bromocarbons supply between 5 and 10 ppt of bromine to the Arctic lowermost stratosphere. Proper understanding of bromine and its effects on atmospheric composition requires accurate treatment of geographic variations in column BrO originating from both the stratosphere and troposphere. Citation: Salawitch, R. J., et al. (2010), A new interpretation of total column BrO during Arctic spring, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21805, doi:10.1029/2010GL043798. C1 [Salawitch, R. J.; Canty, T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kurosu, T.; Chance, K.; Liu, X.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Liang, Q.; Liu, X.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [da Silva, A.; Pawson, S.; Rodriguez, J. M.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Huey, L. G.; Liao, J.; Stickel, R. E.; Tanner, D. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Simpson, W. R.; Donohoue, D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Weinheimer, A.; Flocke, F.; Knapp, D.; Montzka, D.; Kinnison, D. E.; Tilmes, S.; Pan, L. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Oltmans, S.; Gao, R. S.; Johnson, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hendrick, F.; Van Roozendael, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Kreher, K.; Johnston, P. V.] NIWA Lauder, Omakau, New Zealand. [Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Chen, G.; Crawford, J. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Salawitch, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 2403 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rjs@atmos.umd.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Simpson, William/I-2859-2014; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012; Rodriguez, Jose/G-3751-2013; Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009 OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030; Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0002-1902-4649; FU ARCTAS; ACMAP; Aura; MAP; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; ARCPAC National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation; PRODEX; EC [FP6-2005-Global-4-036677, 226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1] FX Research of many of the investigators has been supported by the ARCTAS, ACMAP, Aura, MAP, and Tropospheric Chemistry programs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the ARCPAC program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the START08 program of the National Science Foundation. The ground-based BrO activities at the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) are funded by the PRODEX contract SECPEA and the EC projects GEOmon (FP6-2005-Global-4-036677) and SHIVA (226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1); BIRA-IASB thanks M. P. Chipperfield for providing SLIMCAT output used in the retrieval. We thank the pilots, flight crews, and OMI scientific leadership and data processing teams for their wonderful efforts. We appreciate the three extensive and careful reviews that led to a much improved manuscript. NR 29 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21805 DI 10.1029/2010GL043798 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TO UT WOS:000283941700001 ER PT J AU Kline, MC Duewer, DL Butler, JM AF Kline, M. C. Duewer, D. L. Butler, J. M. TI Characterizing the Electrophoretic Mobility of Huntington Disease Alleles 13 77 Are the Deviations from the Theoretical Values Intrinsic or Internal Sizing Standard Artifacts? SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 18-20, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Kline, M. C.; Duewer, D. L.; Butler, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 858 EP 859 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 677FE UT WOS:000283973700025 ER PT J AU Chan, J Kidd, D Burke, B Harriott, L Williams, K AF Chan, Jack Kidd, Deborah Burke, Brian Harriott, Lloyd Williams, Keith TI Noise analysis of carbon nanotube field effect transistors irradiated by electron beam SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID 1/F NOISE AB Using current noise measurement techniques, the authors have studied the effects of electron beam exposure on field effect transistors based on carbon nanotube channels. In the case of p-type semiconducting nanotubes, the authors find that high doses induce a potential barrier along the channel, and transport is dominated by the tunneling events across this barrier. The authors suggest that the barrier is induced by charges trapped in the underlying SiO(2) barrier. Complementary studies on metallic nanotubes do not exhibit this behavior. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3517517] C1 [Chan, Jack; Williams, Keith] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kidd, Deborah; Harriott, Lloyd] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Burke, Brian] NIST, Funct Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chan, J (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM lrharriott@virginia.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP C6P66 EP C6P69 DI 10.1116/1.3517517 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690OX UT WOS:000285015200116 ER PT J AU Cannara, RJ Sebastian, A Gotsmann, B Rothuizen, H AF Cannara, Rachel J. Sebastian, Abu Gotsmann, Bernd Rothuizen, Hugo TI Scanning Thermal Microscopy for Fast Multiscale Imaging and Manipulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metrology; microfabricated probes; multiscale imaging; nanomanipulation; noncontact imaging; thermal sensing ID FORCE MICROSCOPE; LITHOGRAPHY; PROBE; SILICON; DESIGN; WEAR; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; NANOSCALE; STORAGE; TIP AB Multiscale resolution imaging and manipulation are essential for applications ranging from defect screening in circuits to nanoscale manipulation, patterning, and lithography. In this paper, we introduce a variant of scanning thermal microscopy to image surfaces at both the micro-and nanoscale. Electrothermal imaging at the microscale is performed in a completely out-of-contact, i.e., "noncontact" or "off-contact," mode with a microscale heater, followed by higher resolution nanoscale imaging in contact mode with a nanoscale probe tip. Using this methodology, the imaging and manipulation functions of a single probe can be decoupled completely. This off-contact imaging mode is useful for avoiding tip wear and can be performed safely at high velocities. We demonstrate imaging of microscale features at speeds of up to 2 mm/s. The lateral resolution is determined by the dimensions of the heater used for imaging. For the flying heights and heater dimensions used here, the 1-sigma lateral spatial resolution limit in the off-contact mode is less than 10 mu m for 10-nm-tall features. A silicon nanowire attached to microscale electrodes is imaged to demonstrate the efficacy of this scheme. C1 [Cannara, Rachel J.; Sebastian, Abu; Gotsmann, Bernd; Rothuizen, Hugo] IBM Corp, Zurich Res Lab, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. RP Cannara, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rachel.cannara@nist.gov; ase@zurich.ibm.com RI Cannara, Rachel/C-9128-2013 OI Cannara, Rachel/0000-0002-2984-5475 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 6 BP 745 EP 753 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2010.2045232 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 678PJ UT WOS:000284091300015 ER PT J AU Lovas, FJ Plusquellic, DF Weaver, SLW McGuire, BA Blake, GA AF Lovas, F. J. Plusquellic, D. F. Weaver, S. L. Widicus McGuire, B. A. Blake, G. A. TI Organic compounds in the C3H6O3 family Microwave spectrum of cis-cis dimethyl carbonate SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Ab initio calculation; Dipole moment; Dimethyl carbonate; Microwave spectrum; Rotational spectrum; Structure ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; BEAM; SPECTROMETER; 1,3-DIHYDROXYACETONE; MILLIMETER; ATOMS; CONFIRMATION AB Geometry optimization calculations on 13 members of the C3H6O3 family of organic species have been carried out to determine their relative binding energies Dimethyl carbonate RCH3)(2)CO3] is one of the lower energy species in this family which Includes the C-3-sugars 1 3-dihydroxyacetone and glyceralde hyde The microwave spectrum of dimethyl carbonate has been measured over the frequency range 8 4-25 3 GHz with several pulsed-beam Fourier-transform microwave spectrometers and from 227 GHz to 350 GHz with direct absorption spectrometers The spectrum of the lowest-energy cis-cis conformer of dimethyl carbonate has been assigned and ab initio electronic structure calculations of the three possible conformers have been performed Stark effect measurements were carried out on the cis-cis conformer to provide accurate determinations of the dipole moment components (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Lovas, F. J.; Plusquellic, D. F.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weaver, S. L. Widicus; McGuire, B. A.] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Blake, G. A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Lovas, FJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation [0847919]; NASA [NAG5-11423, NAG5-13457]; Emory University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge P Groner for the use of his Erham program and some advice on its use S LW W and B A M thank M Heaven for his input on the electronic structure calculations This work was supported in part by NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation through grant 0847919 The Caltech experimental work and the original computational work were funded in part by the NASA Exobiology and SARA programs Grant Nos NAG5-11423 and NAG5-13457 The additional computational work was supported by SLWW s startup funds provided by Emory University NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 264 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1016/jjms.2010.08.006 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 679SS UT WOS:000284181700002 ER PT J AU Maki, A Weber, A Nibler, JW Masiello, T Blake, TA Kirkpatrick, R AF Maki, Arthur Weber, Alfons Nibler, Joseph W. Masiello, Tony Blake, Thomas A. Kirkpatrick, Robynne TI High resolution infrared spectroscopy of [111]propellane The region of the v(9) band SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Propellane; High resolution infrared spectrum; Rovibrational constants; Ab initio DFT study; Anharmonic frequencies ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; BICYCLO<1.1.1>PENTANE AB The region of the Infrared active band of the v(9) CH2 bending mode [1 1 1]propellane has been recorded at a resolution (0 0025 cm(-1)) sufficient to distinguish individual rovibrational lines This region includes the partially overlapping bands v(9) (e')= 1459 cm(-1) 2v(18) (l = 2 E)= 1430 cm(-1) v(6) + v(12) (E')= 1489 cm(-1) and v(4) + v(15) (A(2))= 1518 cm(-1) In addition the difference band v(4) -v(15) (A(2)') was observed in the far Infrared near 295 cm(-1) and analyzed to give good constants for the upper v(4) levels The close proximities of the four bands in the v(9) region suggest that Coriolis and Fermi resonance couplings could be significant and theoretical band parameters obtained from Gaussian ab initio calculations were helpful in guiding the band analyses The analyses of all four bands were accomplished based on our earlier report of ground state constants determined from combination differences involving more than 4000 pairs of transitions from five fundamental and four combination bands This paper presents the analyses and the determination of the upper state constants of all four bands in the region of the v(9) band Complications were most evident in the 2v(18) (l = 2 E) band which showed significant perturbations due to mixing with the nearby 2v(18) (l = 0 A(1)) and v(4) + v(12) (E') levels which are either infrared inactive as transitions from the ground state or in the latter case too weak to observe These complications are discussed and a comparison of all molecular constants with those available from the ab mina calculations at the anharmonic level is presented (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Nibler, Joseph W.; Kirkpatrick, Robynne] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. [Weber, Alfons] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Masiello, Tony] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Blake, Thomas A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. FU Department of Energy 's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Oregon State University FX The research described here was performed in part in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy 's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory We thank Robert Sams for helpful advice and assistance in recording the infrared spectra of propellane in this facility and Dr Tim Hubler also at PNNL for his advice on synthesis techniques J Nibler acknowledges a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Senior Scientist Mentor Award which was used in part to support undergraduates N Jariyasopit M Martin and A Perry for this and other studies of propellane [1 2] and bicyclopentane[18] R Kirkpatrick is grateful for Shoemaker and Harris Fellowships at Oregon State University NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 264 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2010.08.008 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 679SS UT WOS:000284181700004 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Dols, WS Chen, QY AF Wang, Liangzhu (Leon) Dols, W. Stuart Chen, Qingyan TI Using CFD Capabilities of CONTAM 3.0 for Simulating Airflow and Contaminant Transport in and around Buildings SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; MULTIZONE; MODELS AB CONTAM is a multizone building airflow and contaminant transport computer program often used for ventilation and indoor air quality analysis. The program was recently enhanced to incorporate CFD capabilities for both outdoor and indoor environmental analysis. This paper introduces the CFD features implemented within the most recent version, CONTAM 3.0. The outdoor or external CFD link predicts wind pressure coefficients and contaminant concentrations for airflow paths at the building surface. A converter computer program translates the wind pressure coefficients to the CONTAM data format. This external CFD link is useful for parametric studies of the impact of outdoor air quality on indoor environment when considering different wind directions or contaminant locations, especially simulations under transient conditions. The ability to embed a single CFD zone in a CONTAM network model has also been implemented. This enables the detailed modeling of a zone when the well-mixed multizone assumption is not appropriate and then uses the multizone approach for the rest of a building, thus capturing the local distribution of air and contaminant properties in a zone and their impacts on other zones of a building. CFD capabilities are demonstrated using a generic residential house model to show how these two new CFD features enhance the existing CONTAM capabilities for both indoor and outdoor air quality analysis. C1 [Wang, Liangzhu (Leon)] Concordia Univ, Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Dols, W. Stuart] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Qingyan] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 749 EP 763 DI 10.1080/10789669.2010.10390932 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 675KG UT WOS:000283828900003 ER PT J AU Toman, B Possolo, A AF Toman, Blaza Possolo, Antonio TI Laboratory effects models for interlaboratory comparisons (vol 14, pg 553, 2009) SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Toman, Blaza; Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Toman, B (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM blaza.toman@nist.gov NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 15 IS 11 BP 653 EP 654 DI 10.1007/s00769-010-0707-4 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 680NW UT WOS:000284242700009 ER PT J AU Kelly, JY Albert, JNL Howarter, JA Kang, SH Stafford, CM Epps, TH Fasolka, MJ AF Kelly, Jennifer Y. Albert, Julie N. L. Howarter, John A. Kang, Shuhui Stafford, Christoplher M. Epps, Thomas H., III Fasolka, Michael J. TI Investigation of Thermally Responsive Block Copolymer Thin Film Morphologies Using Gradients SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE block copolymer; thermal deprotection; surface energetics; surface chemistry; gradient; morphology; thin film; film thickness ID PHASE-BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; TEMPLATES; CYLINDER; KINETICS; ARRAYS; ROUTE AB We report the use of a gradient library approach to characterize the structure and behavior of thin films of a thermally responsive block copolymer (BCP) poly(styrene b-tert-butyl acrylate) (PS-b-PtBA) which exhibits chemical deprotection and morphological changes above a thermal threshold. Continuous gradients in temperature and film thickness, as well as discrete susbstrate chemistry conditions, were used to exam the trends in deprotection nanoscale morphology and chemical structure. Thermal gradient annealing permitted the extraction of transformation rate constants (k(i)) for the completion of thermal deprotection and rearrangement of the film morphology from a single BCP library on hydroxyl and alkyl surfaces, respectively. The transformation rate constants ranged from 1.45 x 10(-4) s(-1) to 5.02 x 10(-5) s(-1) for temperatures between 185 and 140 degrees C for hydroxyl surfaces. For the same temperature range, the alkly surfaces yielded k(i) values ranging from 4.76 x 10(-5) s(-1) to 5.73 x 10(-6) s(-1), an order of magnitude slower compared to hydroxyl surfaces. Activation energies of the thermal deprotection and film transformation on these surfaces were also extrapolated from linear fits to Arrhenius behavior. Moreover, we noted a morphology shift and orientation transformation from parallel lamellae to perpendicular cylinders at the free surface because of changes in volume fraction and surface energetics of the initially symmetric BCP. Using gradient techniques we are able to correlate morphological and chemical structure changes in a rapid fashion, determine kinetics of transitions and demonstrate the effect of surface chemistry on the deprotection reaction in thermally responsive BCP thin films, C1 [Albert, Julie N. L.; Epps, Thomas H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kelly, Jennifer Y.; Howarter, John A.; Kang, Shuhui; Stafford, Christoplher M.; Fasolka, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Epps, TH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM thepps@udel.edu; michael.fasolka@nist.gov RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012 FU NIST [70NANB9H8150]; NSF [0645586]; NIST/NRC FX This work was funded by NIST MSEL 70NANB9H8150 and NSF DMR CAREER - 0645586. J.Y.K. was supported by a NIST/NRC ARRA Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. J.N.L.A. was supported by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. J.A.H. was supported by the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. The authors thank Dr. T. Beebe, Jr., Department of Chemistry, University of Delaware, for use of his contact angle measuring system. This work is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 11 BP 3241 EP 3248 DI 10.1021/am100695m PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 683EL UT WOS:000284454400039 PM 20961126 ER PT J AU Pease, LF Feldblyum, JI Lacaerda, SHD Liu, YL Walker, ARH Anumolu, R Yim, PB Clarke, ML Kang, HG Hwang, J AF Pease, Leonard F., III Feldblyum, Jeremy I. Lacaerda, Silvia H. DePaoli Liu, Yonglin Walker, Angela R. Hight Anumolu, Rajasekhar Yim, Peter B. Clarke, Matthew L. Kang, Hyeong Gon Hwang, Jeeseong TI Structural Analysis of Soft Multicomponent Nanoparticle Clusters SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE composite nanoparticles; electrospray differential mobility analysis; quantum dot; virus; phage; streptavidin ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; NONCOVALENT PROTEIN COMPLEXES; QUANTUM DOTS; SURFACE COVERAGE; PARTICLES; SIZE; NANOTECHNOLOGY; SPECTROMETRY; VIRUSES; CORONA AB Quantitative techniques are essential to analyze the structure of soft multicomponent nanobioclusters Here, we combine electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES DMA), which rapidly measures the size of the entire duster, with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which detects the hard components to determine the presence and composition of the soft components Coupling analysis of TEM and ES-DMA derived I data requires the creation and use of analytical models to determine the size and number Of constituents In nanoparticle complexes from the difference between the two measurements Previous ES DMA analyses have been limited to dusters of identical spherical particles-Here, we,dramatically extend the ES DMA analysis framework to accommodate more challenging geometries, including protein corona coated nanorods, clusters, composed of heterogeneously sized nanospheres, and nanobioclusters composed of both nanospheres and The latter is critical to determining the number of quantum dot's attached to lambda (lambda) phage a key element of a rapid method to detect bacterial pathogens in environmental and clinical samples C1 [Pease, Leonard F., III; Anumolu, Rajasekhar] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III; Feldblyum, Jeremy I.; Lacaerda, Silvia H. DePaoli; Liu, Yonglin; Walker, Angela R. Hight; Yim, Peter B.; Clarke, Matthew L.; Kang, Hyeong Gon; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Feldblyum, Jeremy I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pease, LF (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Feldblyum, Jeremy/B-9600-2009; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Feldblyum, Jeremy/0000-0001-6667-9587; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU NSF FX The authors would like to express sincere appreciation to Suvajyoti Guha for his assistance with exploratory ES DMA experiments (not included) and Richard E Cavic chi for thoughtful discussions The authors also express appreciation to Michael R Zachariah of the University of Maryland and Michael J Tarlov for use of their equipment facilities know how and shared wisdom The authors also acknowledge the Mary land Nano Center and its NispLab which is partially supported by NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility Reference to commercial equipment supplies or software neither implies its endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) nor implies it to be necessarily the best suited for this purpose NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 6982 EP 6988 DI 10.1021/nn102106f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 682YD UT WOS:000284438000077 PM 21049904 ER PT J AU Cho, TJ Hackley, VA AF Cho, Tae Joon Hackley, Vincent A. TI Fractionation and characterization of gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution: asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation with MALS, DLS, and UV-Vis detection SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Field flow fractionation; Gold nanoparticle; Fractionation; Size characterization; Light scattering; Particle characterization ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; CARBON NANOTUBES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BACTERIAL-CELLS; COLLOIDAL GOLD; CANCER; SIZE; DNA; PROTEINS; NANORODS AB Asymmetrical-flow field flow fractionation (AFFF) separates constituents based on hydrodynamic size and is emerging as a powerful tool for obtaining high-resolution information on the size, molecular weight, composition, and stability of nanoscale particles in liquid media. We employ a customized AFFF system combining on-line detectors for multi-angle light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and UV-Vis absorption. Our objective is to develop optimized measurement protocols for the characterization of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which are widely utilized in biomedical research and other nanotechnology applications. Experimental conditions have been optimized by controlling key parameters, including injection volume and solids concentration, mobile phase composition, membrane type and pore size, and ratio of channel-to-cross-flow rates. Individual citrate-stabilized GNP components (nominally 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 nm) and GNPs functionalized with polyethylene glycol were separated from multicomponent GNP mixtures by AFFF and subsequently characterized. We discuss the effects due to variations in measurement parameters and GNP surface modification on observed retention, recovery, and peak resolution. C1 [Cho, Tae Joon; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 58 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 63 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 398 IS 5 BP 2003 EP 2018 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4133-6 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 668BV UT WOS:000283244500022 PM 20803340 ER PT J AU Yack, TM Barlow, J Roch, MA Klinck, H Martin, S Mellinger, DK Gillespie, D AF Yack, Tina M. Barlow, Jay Roch, Marie A. Klinck, Holger Martin, Steve Mellinger, David K. Gillespie, Douglas TI Comparison of beaked whale detection algorithms SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Detection, Classification and Localization of Marine Mammals using Passive Acoustics/1st International Workshop on Density Estimation of Marine Mammals Using Passive Acoustics CY SEP 10-13, 2009 CL Univ Pavia, Collegio Cairoli, ITALY HO Univ Pavia DE Beaked whale; Detection; Classification; Towed-array; Passive acoustic monitoring; Echolocationl ID MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS AB Due to recent advances in passive acoustic monitoring techniques, beaked whales are now more effectively detected acoustically than visually during vessel-based (e.g. line-transect) surveys. Beaked whales signals can be discriminated from those of other cetaceans by the unique characteristics of their echolocation clicks (e.g. duration >175 mu s, center frequencies between 30 and 40 kHz, inter-click intervals between 0.2 and 0.4 s and frequency upsweeps). Furthermore, these same characteristics make these signals ideal candidates for testing automated detection and classification algorithms. There are several different beaked whale automated detectors currently available for use. However, no comparative analysis of detectors exists. Therefore, comparison between studies and datasets is difficult. The purpose of this study was to test, validate, and compare algorithms for detection of beaked whales in acoustic line-transect survey data. Six different detection algorithms (XBAT, Ishmael, PAMGUARD, ERMA, GMM and FMCD) were evaluated and compared. Detection trials were run on three sample days of towed-hydrophone array recordings collected by NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) during which were confirmed visual sightings of beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris and Mesoplodon peruvianus). Detections also were compared to human verified acoustic detections for a subset of these data. In order to measure the probabilities of false detection, each detector was also run on three sample recordings containing clicks from another species: Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus). Qualitative and quantitative comparisons and the detection performance of the different algorithms are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yack, Tina M.; Barlow, Jay] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Yack, Tina M.] San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Ecol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Yack, Tina M.] UC Davis, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Yack, Tina M.] Biowaves Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. [Roch, Marie A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Klinck, Holger; Mellinger, David K.] Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Martin, Steve] SPAWAR Syst Ctr San Pacific Code 71510, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Gillespie, Douglas] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Yack, TM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tina.yack@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 71 IS 11 SI SI BP 1043 EP 1049 DI 10.1016/j.apacoust.2010.04.010 PG 7 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 654YM UT WOS:000282207200008 ER PT J AU Jang, HJ Appelbaum, I AF Jang, Hyuk-Jae Appelbaum, Ian TI Magnetocurrent of ballistically injected electrons in insulating silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB By using ballistic hot-electron injection to achieve lateral conduction through an otherwise fully insulating undoped silicon channel, we are able to study magnetic field suppression of charge transport in a regime normally excluded in Ohmic magnetoresistance measurements. Exceptionally large magnetocurrent changes of >16 000% at 45 K in magnetic fields of approximate to 2 T are observed, with differential reduction of over 6.2 T-1. Temperature-, electrostatic back-gate-, and magnetic field angle-dependence are presented. This phenomenon is attributed to strong space-charge effects in the dilute three-dimensional electron gas created by nonequilibrium injection. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3511681] C1 [Jang, Hyuk-Jae; Appelbaum, Ian] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jang, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM appelbaum@physics.umd.edu RI Appelbaum, Ian/E-4056-2012; Jang, Hyuk-Jae/H-7904-2013 FU Office of Naval Research; Maryland NanoCenter; FabLab; National Science Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions on these results with S. Crooker and D. Smith. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its FabLab. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 18 AR 182108 DI 10.1063/1.3511681 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 676RK UT WOS:000283934100041 ER PT J AU Li, L Yang, S Wang, ZY Zhu, XD Tang, HY AF Li, Lin Yang, Song Wang, Zhenyu Zhu, Xide Tang, Hongyu TI Evidence of Warming and Wetting Climate over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; LONG-TERM CHANGES; CHINA; CIRCULATION; OROGRAPHY; RAINFALL; DECADES; WAVES; ONSET; SHIFT AB In this study, we apply temperature, precipitation, and other data from 66 Chinese meteorological stations including Xining and Lhasa to analyze the extreme climate events and their impacting factors over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the period 1961-2007 We focus on the spatial and temporal features of extreme climate events and their long-term changes over five climate zones of alpine grassland meadow and desert areas Results show that, during the past decades, the changes in climate over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau present trends towards warm and wet conditions These changes in temperature and precipitation are evident in both seasonal means and extreme events, and the changes in precipitation are apparent in both precipitation amount and number of precipitation days Clearly, warm and wet events Increase, but cold and dry events decrease over the plateau region Features of the warming climate are relatively consistent in spatial and seasonal distributions, with the most significant changes in winter and autumn and at nighttime Northern Qinghai exhibits the greatest and most significant decrease in the frequency of extremely low-temperature events However, the wetting trend shows more distinctive spatial features and is more seasonally dependent While the trends in both precipitation amount and the number of precipitation days are positive in all climate zones for winter and spring, both positive and insignificant negative trends appear in summer and autumn The largest decrease in the frequency of severely dry events is found over southeastern Tibet and western Sichuan C1 [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Li, Lin; Wang, Zhenyu; Zhu, Xide; Tang, Hongyu] Qinghai Climate Ctr, Xining 810001, Qinghai, Peoples R China. [Li, Lin; Wang, Zhenyu; Zhu, Xide; Tang, Hongyu] Qinghai Ctr Climate Change Monitoring & Evaluat, Xining 810001, Qinghai, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU China Meteorological Administration [GYHY200906019] FX The authors are thankful for the comments by two anonymous reviewers that are helpful for improving the overall quality of the paper This study was supported by a meteorological research project of the China Meteorological Administration (Grant GYHY200906019) NR 47 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 31 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.4.449 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 690EW UT WOS:000284986300009 ER PT J AU Oltmans, SJ Lefohn, AS Harris, JM Tarasick, DW Thompson, AM Wernli, H Johnson, BJ Novelli, PC Montzka, SA Ray, JD Patrick, LC Sweeney, C Jefferson, A Dann, T Davies, J Shapiro, M Holben, BN AF Oltmans, S. J. Lefohn, A. S. Harris, J. M. Tarasick, D. W. Thompson, A. M. Wernli, H. Johnson, B. J. Novelli, P. C. Montzka, S. A. Ray, J. D. Patrick, L. C. Sweeney, C. Jefferson, A. Dann, T. Davies, J. Shapiro, M. Holben, B. N. TI Enhanced ozone over western North America from biomass burning in Eurasia during April 2008 as seen in surface and profile observations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Biomass burning; Pollution; Arctic; Transport; Trajectories ID BACKGROUND OZONE; VARIABILITY; MISSION; ARCTAS; TROPOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; AIRCRAFT AB During April 2008, as part of the International Polar Year (IPY), a number of ground-based and aircraft campaigns were carried out in the North American Arctic region (e.g., ARCTAS, ARCPAC). The widespread presence during this period of biomass burning effluent, both gaseous and particulate, has been reported. Unusually high ozone readings for this time of year were recorded at surface ozone monitoring sites from northern Alaska to northern California. At Barrow, Alaska, the northernmost point in the United States, the highest April ozone readings recorded at the surface (hourly average values >55 ppbv) in 37 years of observation were measured on April 19, 2008. At Denali National Park in central Alaska, an hourly average of 79 ppbv was recorded during an 8-h period in which the average was over 75 ppbv, exceeding the ozone ambient air quality standard threshold value in the U.S. Elevated ozone (>60 ppbv) persisted almost continuously from April 19-23 at the monitoring site during this event. At a coastal site in northern California (Trinidad Head), hourly ozone readings were >50 ppbv almost continuously for a 35-h period from April 18-20. At several sites in northern California, located to the east of Trinidad Head, numerous occurrences of ozone readings exceeding 60 ppbv were recorded during April 2008. Ozone profiles from an extensive series of balloon soundings showed lower tropospheric features at similar to 1-6 km with enhanced ozone during the times of elevated ozone amounts at surface sites in western Canada and the U.S. Based on extensive trajectory calculations, biomass burning in regions of southern Russia was identified as the likely source of the observed ozone enhancements. Ancillary measurements of atmospheric constituents and optical properties (aerosol optical thickness) supported the presence of a burning plume at several locations. At two coastal sites (Trinidad Head and Vancouver Island), profiles of a large suite of gases were measured from airborne flask samples taken during probable encounters with burning plumes. These profiles aided in characterizing the vertical thickness of the plumes, as well as confirming that the plumes reaching the west coast of North America were associated with biomass burning events. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Oltmans, S. J.; Harris, J. M.; Johnson, B. J.; Novelli, P. C.; Montzka, S. A.; Patrick, L. C.; Sweeney, C.; Jefferson, A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lefohn, A. S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT USA. [Tarasick, D. W.; Davies, J.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wernli, H.] ETHZ, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Ray, J. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO USA. [Patrick, L. C.; Sweeney, C.; Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dann, T.] Environm Canada, Anal & Air Qual Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Shapiro, M.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Oltmans, SJ (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Samuel.J.Oltmans@noaa.gov RI Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU NASA as part of ARCTAS; Environment Canada; NOAA/ESRL/GMD FX Debbie Miller, U.S. National Park Service, provided the IMPROVE aerosol data. Funding for the ozonesonde launches was provided by NASA as part of ARCTAS, Environment Canada, and NOAA/ESRL/GMD. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 44 IS 35 BP 4497 EP 4509 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.004 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 672FL UT WOS:000283568300021 ER PT J AU Saikawa, E Naik, V Horowitz, LW Liu, JF Mauzerall, DL AF Saikawa, Eri Naik, Vaishali Horowitz, Larry W. Liu, Junfeng Mauzerall, Denise L. TI Present and potential future contributions of sulfate, black and organic carbon aerosols from China to global air quality, premature mortality and radiative forcing (vol 43, pg 2814, 2009) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Saikawa, Eri; Naik, Vaishali; Liu, Junfeng; Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Mauzerall, DL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mauzeral@princeton.edu RI Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Saikawa, Eri/0000-0003-3166-8620 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 44 IS 35 BP 4528 EP 4528 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.009 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 672FL UT WOS:000283568300024 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Li, XF Tao, WK AF Wang, Donghai Li, Xiaofan Tao, Wei-Kuo TI Cloud radiative effects on responses of rainfall to large-scale forcing during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cloud-radiation interaction; Cloud radiative effects; Convective and stratiform rainfall; Cloud-resolving model simulation ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; STRATIFORM REGIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; RESOLVING MODEL; PHASE-III; SYSTEMS; WATER; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION AB The cloud radiative effects on responses of rainfall to the large-scale forcing during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) are investigated by analyzing sensitivity experiments Imposed by large-scale forcing from NCEP/GDAS data in a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model The daily average analysis is conducted on 15 and 16 July 2009 respectively due to dominant stratiform and convective rainfall associated with different large-scale forcing When cloud radiative effects are excluded the increased mean rainfall is associated with the increased mean radiative cooling through the enhanced mean latent heat on 15 July The reduction in mean rain rate is related to the slowdown in the mean net condensation while the enhanced mean radiative cooling from the removal of cloud radiative effects is balanced by the suppressed heat divergence on 16 July The increased mean rainfall on 15 July and decreased mean rainfall on 16 July are mainly from raining stratiform regions The enhanced stratiform rainfall is associated with the weakened local atmospheric moistening and strengthened local hydrometeor loss on 15 July whereas the reduced stratiform rainfall is related to the weakened water vapor convergence on 16 July When cloud-radiation interaction is excluded the decreases in the mean ram rate are associated with the slowdown in the mean hydrometeor loss on 15 July and the suppression in the net condensation on 16 July The decreased mean rainfall is mainly from convective regions on 15 July and raining stratiform regions on 16 July The reduced convective rainfall is associated with strengthened transport of hydrometeor concentration from convective regions to raining stratiform regions on 15 July whereas the decreased stratiform rainfall is related to the weakened water vapor convergence on 16 July (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Wang, Donghai] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Donghai] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU State Key Basic Research Development Program [2009CB421504]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40633016, 40875022, 40830958] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments This research was supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program (2009CB421504), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No 40633016, 40875022 and 40830958 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 98 IS 2-4 BP 512 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.08.020 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690DT UT WOS:000284983400033 ER PT J AU Kramida, AE AF Kramida, A. E. TI A critical compilation of experimental data on spectral lines and energy levels of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; OSCILLATORY-FIELD MEASUREMENT; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE-OPTICAL METHOD; FINE-STRUCTURE INTERVAL; LAMB-SHIFT MEASUREMENT; SOLAR EMISSION-LINES; SHORT-LIVED STATES AB For more than 50 years, Charlotte Moore's compilation of atomic energy levels and its subsequent revisions have been the standard source of reference data for the spectra of hydrogen and its isotopes. In those publications, theoretical data based on quantum-electrodynamic calculations have been given. This reflects the fact that the theory of the hydrogen spectrum has been perfected to an extent far exceeding the capabilities of the best measurements. However, rapid advances in the techniques of laser spectroscopy and optical frequency metrology have recently put experiments on a par with theory in terms of precision. This calls for construction of new comprehensive data sets for H, D, and T that summarize the latest experimental work and can be directly compared with the modern theoretical reference data. The present work compiles several tens of recent measurements of the hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium fine and hyperfine structure intervals and presents sets of energy levels and Ritz wavelengths derived from those measurements. Data exist for the fine structure of energy levels of hydrogen and deuterium up to principal quantum number n = 12. For higher lying levels, there are many observed lines with unresolved fine structure. From those observations, level centers (centers of the fine structure) are derived by a least-squares optimization, and Ritz wavelengths of series with upper levels up to n = 40 are obtained. For tritium, the n = 2 and 3 energy level intervals are derived from experimental observations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8422, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Alexander.kramida@nist.gov OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The author is grateful to P.J. Mohr for fruitful discussions on various aspects of the QED theory of fine and hyperfine structure and the determination of the fundamental constants. The correspondence with S.R. Lundeen, D.A. Van Baak, F. Nez, F. Biraben, and J.C. Bergquist regarding the details of their experiments on the fine structure measurements and hyperfine corrections is gratefully acknowledged. The author also thanks T.A. Clark for the help with solar observations of high members of the hydrogen series and for providing his latest data prior to publication. Fruitful discussions with J. Reader and W.C. Martin, as well as generous help provided by C.J. Sansonetti on the interpretation of interferometric measurements, are greatly appreciated. The author expresses his gratitude to one of the referees for providing multiple important corrections and stylistic improvements. This work is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 231 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD NOV PY 2010 VL 96 IS 6 BP 586 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2010.05.001 PG 59 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 657GH UT WOS:000282400700002 ER PT J AU Tang, PB Huber, D Akinci, B Lipman, R Lytle, A AF Tang, Pingbo Huber, Daniel Akinci, Burcu Lipman, Robert Lytle, Alan TI Automatic reconstruction of as-built building information models from laser-scanned point clouds: A review of related techniques SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Review DE Building information models; Building reconstruction; Laser scanners; Object recognition; Geometric modeling; Relationship modeling; Shape representation ID 3D OBJECT RECOGNITION; RANGE IMAGES; MOBILE ROBOTS; MAPS; REPRESENTATION; CONSTRUCTION; ENVIRONMENTS; REGISTRATION; ACQUISITION; ALGORITHMS AB Building information models (BIMs) are maturing as a new paradigm for storing and exchanging knowledge about a facility. BIMs constructed from a CAD model do not generally capture details of a facility as it was actually built. Laser scanners can be used to capture dense 3D measurements of a facility's as-built condition and the resulting point cloud can be manually processed to create an as-built BIM - a time-consuming, subjective, and error-prone process that could benefit significantly from automation. This article surveys techniques developed in civil engineering and computer science that can be utilized to automate the process of creating as-built BIMs. We sub-divide the overall process into three core operations: geometric modeling, object recognition, and object relationship modeling. We survey the state-of-the-art methods for each operation and discuss their potential application to automated as-built BIM creation. We also outline the main methods used by these algorithms for representing knowledge about shape, identity, and relationships. In addition, we formalize the possible variations of the overall as-built BIM creation problem and outline performance evaluation measures for comparing as-built BIM creation algorithms and tracking progress of the field. Finally, we identify and discuss technology gaps that need to be addressed in future research. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huber, Daniel] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Tang, Pingbo] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Civil & Construct Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Akinci, Burcu] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lipman, Robert; Lytle, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huber, D (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, 4105 Newell Simon Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM tangpingbo@gmail.com; dhuber@cs.cmu.edu; bakinci@andrew.cmu.edu; robert.lipman@nist.gov; alan.lytle@nist.gov RI Tang, Pingbo/I-7649-2012; Tang, Pingbo/I-9534-2012; OI Tang, Pingbo/0000-0001-9048-1327; Tang, Pingbo/0000-0002-4910-1326 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [60NANB7D6156]; General Services Administration (GSA) [GS00P07CYP0233]; National Science Foundation [0856558] FX This research was supported, in part, by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under grant 60NANB7D6156, by the General Services Administration (GSA) under grant GS00P07CYP0233, and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0856558. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NIST or the National Science Foundation. Mention of trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by Carnegie Mellon University or NIST. NR 100 TC 153 Z9 156 U1 53 U2 265 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 EI 1872-7891 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 7 BP 829 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2010.06.007 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 669ZJ UT WOS:000283388600002 ER PT J AU Donoso, M Dutton, PH AF Donoso, Miguel Dutton, Peter H. TI Sea turtle bycatch in the Chilean pelagic longline fishery in the southeastern Pacific: Opportunities for conservation SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Sea turtles; Marine conservation; Bycatch; Longlines; Incidental take; Fisheries ID LOGGERHEAD CARETTA-CARETTA; POST-NESTING MIGRATIONS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; INCIDENTAL CAPTURE; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; SWORDFISH FISHERY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; POPULATION-MODEL AB Data are presented on sea turtles caught in the Chilean longline fishery targeting swordfish, Xiphias gladius, in international waters off Chile. A total of 10,604,059 hooks from 7976 sets were observed, representing 94% of the total number of hooks fished between 2001 and 2005. Leatherbacks, Dermochelys coriacea, (n = 284) and loggerheads, Caretta caretta, (n = 59) were the most common species captured. Leatherbacks were caught in less than 4% of the sets, with an overall mean of 0.0268 turtles per 1000 hooks. Loggerheads were caught in less than 1% of the sets with a mean catch rate of 0.0056 turtles per 1000 hooks. Most leatherbacks (97.5% of total) were caught between 24 degrees S and 38 degrees S, while loggerheads were caught primarily in the northern portion of the area fished, between 24 degrees 19'S and 25 degrees 31'S. All loggerheads were dehooked where appropriate and released alive. A total of two leatherbacks were found dead. Despite the low catch rate of leatherbacks, the potential impact of this fishery on the severely depleted nesting populations in the eastern Pacific could be significant when combined with other fisheries and threats in the region. The very low mortality of bycaught sea turtles observed in our study is encouraging and suggests that there are opportunities for further reducing harmful effects of swordfish longline fishing on sea turtles. Results of spatial analysis of loggerhead bycatch relative to fishing effort show that closure of the northernmost fishing area would eliminate the majority of the loggerhead bycatch. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Donoso, Miguel] Pacifico Laud, Quilpue, Chile. RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Peter.Dutton@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Service; Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) FX This study was carried out as part of the US-Chile Fisheries Cooperation Agreement between NOAA Fisheries Service and SER-NAPESCA, with funding from NOAA Fisheries Service and the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP). We thank the IFOP scientific observers, as well as the captains and crew of the participating fishing vessels. Carlos Montenegro assisted with statistical analysis. We thank William Perrin, Kelly Stewart, James Carretta and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 101 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2672 EP 2684 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.011 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670HR UT WOS:000283412300030 ER PT J AU Allen, SD Fathi, Y Gross, K Mace, M AF Allen, S. D. Fathi, Y. Gross, K. Mace, M. TI An optimal and near-optimal strategy to selecting individuals for transfer in captive breeding programs SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Minimum kinship; Maximum genetic diversity; Relocation; Reintroductions ID POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SCHEMES; SIZE AB As species extinction rates continue to rise, zoos have adopted a more active role in the conservation of endangered species. A central concern is to preserve genetic diversity of zoological populations. Accordingly, when selecting individuals to transfer to new or existing populations, zoo managers must consider the genetic effects on all populations involved. We propose a quadratic integer programming (IP) model to identify a group of individuals to transfer that maximizes genetic diversity within two subpopulations. We then reduce this model to a linear IP formulation and apply it to the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) studbook. After simplifying the linear IP model, optimality is achieved within a reasonable time limit when a limited number of individuals are relocated. We also develop a local improvement algorithm (LIA) to efficiently provide near-optimal solutions when we increase the number of transferred individuals. The LIA quickly obtains optimal solutions when few individuals are transferred and in most cases, the LIA outperforms MetaMK, an existing program used to select animals for transfer. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, S. D.; Fathi, Y.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Operat Res, Coll Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gross, K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mace, M.] San Diego Zoos Wild Anim Pk, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. RP Allen, SD (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM shanae.allen@noaa.gov; fathi@eos.ncsu.edu; gross@stat.ncsu.edu; mmace@sandiegozoo.org NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2858 EP 2863 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.08.003 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670HR UT WOS:000283412300051 ER PT J AU Sun, JR Ding, YF Lin, NJ Zhou, J Ro, H Soles, CL Cicerone, MT Lin-Gibson, S AF Sun, Jirun Ding, Yifu Lin, Nancy J. Zhou, Jing Ro, Hyunwook Soles, Christopher L. Cicerone, Marcus T. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Exploring Cellular Contact Guidance Using Gradient Nanogratings SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; SUBSTRATE TOPOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; DIFFERENTIATION; NANOSCALE; MICRO; NANOTOPOGRAPHY; DIMENSIONS AB Nanoscale surface features that mimic extracellular matrix are critical environmental cues for cell contact guidance and are vital in advanced medical devices in order to manipulate cell behaviors. Among them, nanogratings (line-and-space gratings) are common platforms to study geometric effects on cell contact guidance, especially cell alignment, but generally are one pattern height per platform. In this study, we developed a strategy to fabricate controlled substrates with a wide range of pattern shapes and surface chemistries and to separate surface chemistry and topography effects. As a demonstration of this strategy, six nanograting platforms on three materials were fabricated and applied to examine and differentiate the effects of surface topography and surface chemistry on cell contact guidance of murine preosteoblasts. All of the six platforms contained the same gradient in pattern height (0 to approximate to 350 nm). They were prepared using nanoimprint lithography and annealing for thermoplastic materials (low molecular weight polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)) and photoimprint for a thermoset material (a cross-linked dimethacrylate (DMA)). Each material contains two platforms that are only different in line-and-space pitch (420 or 800 nm). The DMA nanogratings had a reverse line-and-space profile to those of the PS and PMMA nanogratings. Using these platforms, a full range of cell alignment, from randomly orientated to completely parallel to the grating direction was achieved, Results from focal adhesion assays and scanning electronic microscopy indicated a change in cell substrate contact from a noncomposite state (full contact) to a composite state (partial contact between cell and substrate) as pattern height increased. These gradient platforms allowed for the separation of surface chemistry and surface topography to provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for cell contact guidance on nanopatterned surfaces. C1 [Sun, Jirun] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lin, Nancy J.; Zhou, Jing; Ro, Hyunwook; Soles, Christopher L.; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, JR (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jsun@nist.gov; slgibson@nist.gov FU National Institute of Denial and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIST; NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0928067] FX This work is partially funded by the National Institute of Denial and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) through an Interagency Agreement (Y1-DE-7005-01) with NIST and by the NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs. Y.D. acknowledges partial funding support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0928067. We acknowledge the nanofabrication laboratory of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST for providing facilities for the nanoimprint process, and acknowledge the use of the NIST Combinatorial Methods Center equipment. The authors would like to thank Drs. Nathan Gallant, Xiaohua Zhang, and Carl Simon for their advice and technical recommendations. Certain equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply the materials are necessary the best available for the purpose. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD NOV PY 2010 VL 11 IS 11 BP 3067 EP 3072 DI 10.1021/bm100883m PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 675FD UT WOS:000283810900032 PM 20954734 ER PT J AU Liebmann, B Dole, RM Jones, C Blade, I Allured, D AF Liebmann, Brant Dole, Randall M. Jones, Charles Blade, Ileana Allured, Dave TI INFLUENCE OF CHOICE OF TIME PERIOD ON GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE TREND ESTIMATES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; UPDATE; SERIES; LAND AB Annual global surface temperature and global land surface temperature trends are calculated for all possible periods of the historical record between 1850 and 2009. Two-dimensional parameter diagrams show the critical influence of the choice of start and end years on the calculated trend and associated temperature changes and suggest time scales required to establish robust trends. The largest trends and associated temperature changes are all positive and have occurred over periods ending in recent years. Substantial positive changes also occurred from the early twentieth century until the mid-1940s. The continents exhibit greater long-term warming than the global average overall, but less warming in the early part of the century (segments ending in the 1940s). The recent period of short-term cooling beginning in the late 1990s is neither statistically significant nor unusual in the context of trend variability in the full historical record. Global-mean and land surface temperature changes for periods ending in recent years and longer than about 90 years are extremely unlikely to have occurred by chance. In contrast, short-term trends over less than a few decades are generally not statistically significant. This implies significant contributions of decadal variability to trends estimated over such short time periods. C1 [Liebmann, Brant] NOAA, ESRL, PSD Climate Diagnost Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jones, Charles] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Blade, Ileana] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. RP Liebmann, B (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD Climate Diagnost Branch, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM brant.liebmann@noaa.gov RI Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1485 EP U71 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3030.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 695YP UT WOS:000285409200002 ER PT J AU McClatchie, S Goericke, R Auad, G Hill, K AF McClatchie, Sam Goericke, Ralf Auad, Guillermo Hill, Kevin TI Re-assessment of the stock-recruit and temperature-recruit relationships for Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; ANCHOVY POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; FISH; MELANOSTICTUS; FLUCTUATIONS; SABLEFISH AB The harvest guideline for Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) incorporates an environmental parameter based on averaged surface temperatures at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier (SIO pier) in La Jolla, California, USA, which would be invoked after a series of cool years to reduce commercial catches using a precautionary decision rule. We revisit the stock-recruit and temperature-recruit relationships underpinning the currently used environmental parameter for sardine assessment and found that the temperature-recruit relationship no longer holds for the SIO pier when time series are updated with data from more recent years. The significance of the correlation between temperature and recruitment was also artificially increased by autocorrelation in the time series. In contrast, the stock-recruit relationship was still valid when recent data were added. SIO pier surface temperatures are warmer than 10 m-depth Southern California Bight (SCB) temperatures where the sardine spawn, and the difference has increased since the late 1970s. Sardine recruitment was also not related to offshore temperatures in the SCB. We demonstrate that the environmental proxy derived from SIO pier temperature, which has never affected the harvest guideline since its implementation, no longer predicts recruitment of Pacific sardine, and should be removed from sardine management. C1 [McClatchie, Sam; Hill, Kevin] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Goericke, Ralf] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Auad, Guillermo] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McClatchie, S (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Sam.McClatchie@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries; National Science Foundation [OCE-0417616] FX NOAA_ERSST_V3 data provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their web site at www.cdc.noaa.gov. S. M. was supported by NOAA Fisheries through the Fisheries And The Environment program (FATE); R. G. was supported by the National Science Foundation grant OCE-0417616 to the CCE-LTER. We appreciate the reviews provided by Ed Weber, Christian Reiss, Alec MacCall, and Nancy Lo, prior to submission. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1782 EP 1790 DI 10.1139/F10-101 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676OG UT WOS:000283921200007 ER PT J AU Williamson, KS Murdoch, AR Pearsons, TN Ward, EJ Ford, MJ AF Williamson, Kevin S. Murdoch, Andrew R. Pearsons, Todd N. Ward, Eric J. Ford, Michael J. TI Factors influencing the relative fitness of hatchery and wild spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Wenatchee River, Washington, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; STEELHEAD TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COLUMBIA-RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; 1ST-GENERATION HATCHERY; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; SMOLT PRODUCTION AB Understanding the relative fitness of naturally spawning hatchery fish compared with wild fish has become an important issue in the management and conservation of salmonids. We used a DNA-based parentage analysis to measure the relative reproductive success of hatchery- and natural-origin spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the natural environment. Size and age had a large influence on male fitness, with larger and older males producing more offspring than smaller or younger individuals. Size had a significant effect on female fitness, but the effect was smaller than on male fitness. For both sexes, run time had a smaller but still significant effect on fitness, with earlier returning fish favored. Spawning location within the river had a significant effect on fitness for both sexes. Hatchery-origin fish produced about half the juvenile progeny per parent when spawning naturally than did natural-origin fish. Hatchery fish tended to be younger and return to lower areas of the watershed than wild fish, which explained some of their lower fitness. C1 [Williamson, Kevin S.; Ward, Eric J.; Ford, Michael J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Murdoch, Andrew R.; Pearsons, Todd N.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, N Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Ford, MJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov RI Ford, Michael/K-3147-2012 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX Linda Park, Eric Iwamoto, and several anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript, and Ewann Berntson assisted with data collection. This research was funded by contracts to M.J.F. and A. R. M from the Bonneville Power Administration. NR 60 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 28 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1840 EP 1851 DI 10.1139/F10-099 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676OG UT WOS:000283921200012 ER PT J AU Li, Y Morrill, C AF Li, Yu Morrill, Carrie TI Multiple factors causing Holocene lake-level change in monsoonal and arid central Asia as identified by model experiments SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Lake level; Holocene; Asian monsoon; CCSM3; Lake evaporation ID EASTERN INNER-MONGOLIA; NORTH CENTRAL MONGOLIA; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; HIGH-RESOLUTION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; MOISTURE EVOLUTION; ALASHAN PLATEAU; TENGGER DESERT; QINGHAI LAKE; BOSTEN LAKE AB Lake-level records provide a rich resource of information about past changes in effective moisture, but water-balance fluctuations can be driven by a number of different climate variables and it is often difficult to pinpoint their exact cause. This understanding is essential, however, for reconciling divergent paleo-records or for making predictions about future lake-level variations. This research uses a series of models, the NCAR CCSM3, a lake energy-balance and a lake water-balance model, to examine the reasons for lake-level changes in monsoonal Asia and arid central Asia between the early (8.5 ka), middle (6.0 ka) and late (ca. 1800 AD) Holocene. Our results indicate that the components of the lake water balance responsible for lake-level changes varied by region and through time. High lake levels at 8.5 and 6.0 ka in the monsoon region were caused by the combined effects of low lake evaporation and high precipitation. The low lake evaporation resulted from low winter solar radiation and high summer cloud cover. Precipitation associated with the mid-latitude westerlies increased from the early to middle Holocene and maintained high lake levels throughout most of arid central Asia ca. 6 ka. The modeled evolution of lake level in arid central Asia from the mid to late Holocene was spatially heterogeneous, due to different sensitivities of the northern and southern parts of the region to seasonally-changing insolation, particularly regarding the duration of lake ice cover. The model results do not suggest that precipitation and lake evaporation changes compete with one another in forcing lake-level change, as has been hypothesized. C1 [Li, Yu] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Hydrol Cycle & Water Resources Arid Reg, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Li, Yu; Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Yu; Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Paleoclimatol Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Hydrol Cycle & Water Resources Arid Reg, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM liyu@lzu.edu.cn OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU China Scholarship Council; National Science Foundation [ARC 0713951] FX We thank the China Scholarship Council for support (to YL), N. Rosenbloom for assistance with the 8.5 ka simulation, D. Anderson for helpful discussions, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. The simulations were completed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. The 8.5 ka simulation was funded in part by NSF grant ARC 0713951 (to CM). NR 64 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1128 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0861-8 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668VE UT WOS:000283298900014 ER PT J AU Noble, JE Bunk, DM Christenson, RH Cole, KD He, HJ Katrukha, AG Panteghini, M Porter, RA Schimmel, H Tate, JR Wang, LL AF Noble, James E. Bunk, David M. Christenson, Robert H. Cole, Kenneth D. He, Hua-Jun Katrukha, Alexei G. Panteghini, Mauro Porter, Robert A. Schimmel, Heinz Tate, Jillian R. Wang, Lili CA IFCC Working Grp Standardization T TI Development of a candidate secondary reference procedure (immunoassay based measurement procedure of higher metrological order) for cardiac troponin I: I. Antibody characterization and preliminary validation SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antibody specificity; antigen-antibody reactions; candidate reference procedure; ELISA; reference standards; troponin I ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LABORATORY MEDICINE; ASSAYS; STANDARDIZATION; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; SERUM AB In this study, the first steps in the development of a secondary reference measurement procedure (RMP) 'higher metrological order measurement procedure' to support the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) standardization initiative is described. The RMP should be used to assign values to serum-based secondary reference materials (RMs) without analytical artifacts causing bias. A multiplexed bead-based assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to identify the optimum monoclonal antibody pair (clones 560 and 19C7) for the RMP. Using these antibodies, an ELISA-based procedure was developed to accurately measure the main cTnI forms present in blood. The proposed RMP appears to show no bias when tested on samples containing various troponin complexes, phosphorylated and dephosphorylated forms, and heparin. The candidate assay displayed suitable linearity and sensitivity (limit of detection, 0.052 mu g/L) for the measurement of the proposed cTnI secondary RMs. Preliminary comparison data on patient samples with a commercial cTnI assay are also provided to support the suitability of RMP for value assignment to RMs. Full validation and final assessment of the RMP will be performed through transferability and inter-comparison studies. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1603-10. C1 [Noble, James E.; Porter, Robert A.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Bunk, David M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christenson, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cole, Kenneth D.; He, Hua-Jun; Wang, Lili] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Katrukha, Alexei G.] HyTest Ltd, Turku, Finland. [Panteghini, Mauro] Univ Milan, Ctr Metrol Traceabil, Lab Med CIRME, Milan, Italy. [Schimmel, Heinz] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Tate, Jillian R.] Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Herston, Qld, Australia. RP Noble, JE (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM james.noble@npl.co.uk; lili.wang@nist.gov FU DIUS, UK FX Research funding: We wish to acknowledge DIUS, UK for funding this research through the ChemBio Programme (JEN). NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1603 EP 1610 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2010.316 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 678SP UT WOS:000284101000009 PM 21062228 ER PT J AU Miller, AK Kappes, MA Trivelpiece, SG Trivelpiece, WZ AF Miller, Aileen K. Kappes, Michelle A. Trivelpiece, Susan G. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. TI FORAGING-NICHE SEPARATION OF BREEDING GENTOO AND CHINSTRAP PENGUINS, SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS, ANTARCTICA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Gentoo Penguin; Chinstrap Penguin; Pygoscelis papua; Pygoscelis antarctica; niche; foraging ecology ID KING-GEORGE-ISLAND; PYGOSCELIS-PAPUA; PROVISIONING STRATEGIES; DIVING BEHAVIOR; ADELIE PENGUINS; ORKNEY ISLANDS; SIGNY ISLAND; URIA-AALGE; DIET; KRILL AB The realized niches of closely related species must differ if these species are to co-exist stably. The Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and Chinstrap Penguins (P. antarctica) breed concurrently in the Scotia Sea and Antarctic Peninsula regions. To identify species- and site-specific foraging niches, we compared the two species' foraging niches, including diet and foraging locations, at two sites in the South Shetland Islands with contrasting marine habitats. Both species fed primarily on Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), though fish was also a component of the Gentoo Penguin's diet. Gentoo Penguins foraged closer to shore than did Chinstrap Penguins. Gentoo Penguins foraged during the day, while Chinstrap Penguins foraged throughout the diet cycle, sometimes traveling farther from shore on overnight foraging trips. In most cases, these species-specific foraging patterns were consistent with trends seen elsewhere in the region. However, within each species, site-specific differences in foraging niches were still evident. Overall, we observed that Gentoo Penguins traveled within consistent and limited distances from their colonies, but their diets varied by site in both meal mass and content. Chinstrap Penguins, in contrast, had a uniform diet of krill at both sites but varied the distance from shore and times at which they foraged. C1 [Miller, Aileen K.; Kappes, Michelle A.; Trivelpiece, Susan G.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Miller, AK (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM aileenkmiller@yahoo.com FU U.S. AMLR; NSF's Office of Polar Programs; Pew Charitable Trusts; Oceanites Foundation FX We thank all those who assisted in the collection of the diet data over the 7 years of our study at Cape Shirreff and Admiralty Bay. In particular, we are grateful to Steve Agius, Matt Becker, Stacey Buckelew, Terry Carten, Sarah Chisholm, Elaine Leung, Stephan Kropidlowski, Dave Loomis, Rachael Orben, Mike Polito, Ladi Rektoris, Iris Saxer, Laina Shill, and Michael Taft, each of whom supervised portions of the field work for this study. We thank our Chilean colleagues who assisted us at Cape Shirreff and personnel at the Polish Academy of Sciences' Arctowski Station for their hospitality and logistical support during this period. We are grateful to the many people that assisted us from the Antarctic logistical-support groups of the U.S. AMLR program and National Science Foundation (NSF). Helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper were provided by P. Kappes, A. Takahashi, and an anonymous reviewer. J. Hinke assisted with figure preparation. This research was supported by the U.S. AMLR Program, grants from the NSF's Office of Polar Programs, the Lenfest Ocean Program of the Pew Charitable Trusts, and the Oceanites Foundation. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 29 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2010 VL 112 IS 4 BP 683 EP 695 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090221 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 700HD UT WOS:000285727700007 ER PT J AU Gu, LS Kim, J Kim, YK Liu, Y Dickens, SH Pashley, DH Ling, JQ Tay, FR AF Gu, Li-sha Kim, Jongryul Kim, Young Kyung Liu, Yan Dickens, Sabine H. Pashley, David H. Ling, Jun-qi Tay, Franklin R. TI A chemical phosphorylation-inspired design for Type I collagen biomimetic remineralization SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; Sodium trimetaphosphate; Collagen; Dentin; Intrafibrillar remineralization ID DENTIN MATRIX PROTEIN-1; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MINERAL INDUCTION; APATITE FORMATION; DEGRADATION; FIBRILS; VITRO; BONE; COMPONENTS AB Objectives. Type I collagen alone cannot initiate tissue mineralization. Sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) is frequently employed as a chemical phosphorylating reagent in the food industry. This study examined the feasibility of using STMP as a functional analog of matrix phosphoproteins for biomimetic remineralization of resin-bonded dentin. Methods. Equilibrium adsorption and desorption studies of STMP were performed using demineralized dentin powder (DDP). Interaction between STMP and DDP was examined using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Based on those results, a bio-inspired mineralization scheme was developed for chemical phosphorylation of acid-etched dentin with STMP, followed by infiltration of the STMP-treated collagen matrix with two etch-and-rinse adhesives. Resin-dentin interfaces were remineralized in a Portland cement-simulated body fluid system, with or without the use of polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a dual biomimetic analog. Remineralized resin-dentin interfaces were examined unstained using transmission electron microscopy. Results. Analysis of saturation binding curves revealed the presence of irreversible phosphate group binding sites on the surface of the DDP. FT-IR provided additional evidence of chemical interaction between STMP and DDP, with increased in the peak intensities of the P=O and P-O-C stretching modes. Those peaks returned to their original intensities after alkaline phosphatase treatment. Evidence of intrafibrillar apatite formation could be seen in incompletely resin-infiltrated, STMP-phosphorylated collagen matrices only when PAA was present in the SBF. These results reinforce the importance of PAA for sequestration of amorphous calcium phosphate nanoprecursors in the biomimetic remineralization scheme. They also highlight the role of STMP as a templating analog of dentin matrix phosphoproteins for inducing intrafibrillar remineralization of apatite nanocrystals within the collagen matrix of incompletely resin-infiltrated dentin. (c) 2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pashley, David H.; Tay, Franklin R.] Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Tay, Franklin R.] Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Gu, Li-sha; Ling, Jun-qi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Operat Dent & Endodont, Guanghua Sch Stomatol, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Kim, Jongryul] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Conservat Dent, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Young Kyung] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Conservat Dent, Taegu, South Korea. [Liu, Yan] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Med Coll, Dept Stomatol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Dickens, Sabine H.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tay, FR (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM lingjq@mail.sysu.edu.cn; ftay@mcg.edu FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [R21 DE019213-01] FX This study was supported by Grant R21 DE019213-01 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (PI. Franklin R. Tay). We thank Michelle Barnes for secretarial support. NR 71 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1077 EP 1089 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2010.07.008 PG 13 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 656UX UT WOS:000282367200007 PM 20688381 ER PT J AU Ross, D AF Ross, David TI Step width, spacing, and resolution in gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis. Part 1. Theory and comparison with zone electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis; Resolution; Theory ID CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY-DETECTION; MICROCHIP CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHANNEL CURRENT DETECTION; INORGANIC-IONS; DISPERSION; FLOW; SEPARATIONS; PROTEINS; DEVICES; ANIONS AB Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) is a recently described technique for electrophoretic separations in short capillaries or microchannels. With GEMBE, the electrophoretic migration of analytes is opposed by a bulk counterflow of separation buffer. The counterflow velocity is varied over the course of a separation so that analytes with different mobilities enter the separation channel at different times and are detected as moving boundary, step-wise increases in the detector response. The resolution of a GEMBE separation is thus dependent on the rate at which the counterflow velocity is varied, and relatively high-resolution separations can be performed with short microfluidic channels or capillaries. In this paper, a theoretical description of GEMBE is presented that can be used for calculation of expected resolution and for optimization of GEMBE separations. A comparison is made with CZE, a conventional electrophoretic separation technique for which the theoretical understanding is mature. The results indicate that the electric field strength and separation channel length are important parameters for both CZE and GEMBE. However, with GEMBE, the counterflow acceleration is also available as a parameter that can be easily adjusted for optimization of the trade-off between resolution and separation time. This allows for optimization of GEMBE separations by making changes only to the software controlling the apparatus rather than to the hardware of the apparatus itself. Further comparison of the theoretical descriptions of GEMBE and CZE indicates that the time required to achieve a desired resolution is equivalent for the two techniques. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2010 VL 31 IS 22 SI SI BP 3650 EP 3657 DI 10.1002/elps.201000334 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 693LO UT WOS:000285225800005 PM 21077236 ER PT J AU Ross, D AF Ross, David TI Step width, spacing, and resolution in gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis. Part 2. Results from experiment SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis; Resolution ID CHANNEL CURRENT DETECTION AB In Part 1 of this work, a theoretical description of gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) is presented along with a comparison between GEMBE and the more conventional technique of CZE. In this second part, experimental results are presented for comparison with the theoretical predictions of Part 1. Results for the step width, spacing, and resolution are examined as a function of the salient parameters affecting the results of a GEMBE separation (starting pressure, counterflow acceleration, and electric field strength). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2010 VL 31 IS 22 SI SI BP 3658 EP 3664 DI 10.1002/elps.201000335 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 693LO UT WOS:000285225800006 PM 21077237 ER PT J AU Singer, SF AF Singer, S. Fred TI A RESPONSE TO "THE CLIMATE CHANGE DEBATES" SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Singer, S. Fred] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Singer, S. Fred] NESDIS NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Singer, S. Fred] NIPCC, Chicago, IL USA. RP Singer, SF (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 0958-305X J9 ENERG ENVIRON-UK JI Energy Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 21 IS 7 BP 847 EP 851 DI 10.1260/0958-305X.21.7.847 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 760EK UT WOS:000290306700008 ER PT J AU Baustian, J Mendelssohn, I Lin, QX Rapp, J AF Baustian, Joseph Mendelssohn, Irving Lin, Qianxin Rapp, John TI In Situ Burning Restores the Ecological Function and Structure of an Oil-Impacted Coastal Marsh SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE In situ burn; Oil spill; Coastal marsh; Louisiana; Functional recovery; Resilience ID ALTERNIFLORA SALT-MARSH; CRUDE-OIL; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CELLULOSE DECOMPOSITION; PLANT COMMUNITY; WATER DEPTH; SPILL; VEGETATION; LOUISIANA; RECOVERY AB As the use of in situ burning for oil spill remediation in coastal wetlands accelerates, the capacity of this procedure to restore the ecological structure and function of oil-impacted wetlands becomes increasingly important. Thus, our research focused on evaluating the functional and structural recovery of a coastal marsh in South Louisiana to an in situ burn following a Hurricane Katrina-induced oil spill. Permanent sampling plots were set up to monitor marsh recovery in the oiled and burned areas as well as non-oiled and non-burned (reference) marshes. Plots were monitored for species composition, stem density, above- and belowground productivity, marsh resiliency, soil chemistry, soil residual oil, and organic matter decomposition. The burn removed the majority of the oil from the marsh, and structurally the marsh recovered rapidly. Plant biomass and species composition returned to control levels within 9 months; however, species richness remained somewhat lower in the oiled and burned areas compared to the reference areas. Recovery of ecological function was also rapid following the in situ burn. Aboveground and belowground plant productivity recovered within one growing season, and although decomposition rates were initially higher in the oiled areas, over time they became equivalent to those in reference sites. Also, marsh resiliency, i.e., the rate of recovery from our applied disturbances, was not affected by the in situ burn. We conclude that in situ burning is an effective way to remove oil and allow ecosystem recovery in coastal marshes. C1 [Baustian, Joseph; Mendelssohn, Irving; Lin, Qianxin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rapp, John] NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Baustian, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM baustian@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Sea Grant; Chevron FX Louisiana Sea Grant, a part of the National Sea Grant College Program, and the Louisiana Oil Spill Research and Development Program, via a grant from Chevron, provided funding for this project. Don Davis of the Louisiana Oil Spill Research & Development Program and Jim Meyers of Chevron were instrumental in initiating the research following the in situ burn. Sean Graham, Camille Stagg, Carey Perry, Jane Buck, Will Estis, and Allison Music aided in sample collection and processing, and Brandon Edwards performed the elevation survey. Arthur Dillon and Ernie Petrovich of Chevron Pipe Line Company provided logistical support throughout the project. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 46 IS 5 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9549-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669OO UT WOS:000283360300011 PM 20821009 ER PT J AU Hutchings, JW Ervens, B Straub, D Herckes, P AF Hutchings, James W. Ervens, Barbara Straub, Derek Herckes, Pierre TI N-Nitrosodimethylamine Occurrence, Formation and Cycling in Clouds and Fogs SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-ENERGY ANALYSIS; NITROUS-ACID; AQUEOUS SURFACES; DRINKING-WATER; AMBIENT AIR; NITROSAMINES; CHEMISTRY; NDMA; DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; ATMOSPHERE AB The occurrence, source, and sink processes of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) have been explored by means of combined laboratory, field, and model studies. Observations have shown the occurrence of NDMA in fogs and clouds at substantial concentrations (7.5-397 ng L(-1)). Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the formation of NDMA from nitrous acid and dimethylamine in the homogeneous aqueous phase. While NDMA was produced in the aqueous phase, the low yields (<1%) observed could not explain observational concentrations. Therefore gaseous formation of NDMA with partitioning to droplets likely dominates aqueous NDMA formation. Box-model calculations confirmed the predominant contributions from gas phase formation followed by partitioning into the cloud droplets. Measurements and model calculations showed that while NDMA is eventually photolyzed, it might persist in the atmosphere for hours after sunrise and before sunset since the photolysis in the aqueous phase might be much less efficient than in the gas phase. C1 [Hutchings, James W.; Herckes, Pierre] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Straub, Derek] Susquehanna Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Selinsgrove, PA USA. RP Herckes, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM pierre.herckes@asu.edu RI Herckes, Pierre/E-6824-2011; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Herckes, Pierre/0000-0002-0205-3187; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; FU NSF [AGS0530718, AGS0847710, AGS0907261]; United States Department of Energy (BER) [DE-FG02-08ER64539] FX We are grateful to Youliang Wang and Shawn Ashkan for help during the Fresno 2010 campaign, to Mann Robinson for her help sampling at Mt. Elden in Flagstaff, Arizona, and to Jeff Collett and Lynn Mazzoleni for their help in the Fresno 2006 campaign. We thank Sasha Madronich (NCAR, Boulder) for help with estimating the NDMA photolysis rate. Funding was provided to J.W.H. and P.H. by NSF AGS0530718, AGS0847710, and AGS0907261. BE acknowledges funding from the United States Department of Energy (BER, ASP Program), Grant DE-FG02-08ER64539. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21 BP 8128 EP 8133 DI 10.1021/es101698q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671EV UT WOS:000283484000027 PM 20932002 ER PT J AU Shibata, T Solo-Gabriele, HM Sinigalliano, CD Gidley, ML Plano, LRW Fleisher, JM Wang, JD Elmir, SM He, GQ Wright, ME Abdelzaher, AM Ortega, C Wanless, D Garza, AC Kish, J Scott, T Hollenbeck, J Backer, LC Fleming, LE AF Shibata, Tomoyuki Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Gidley, Maribeth L. Plano, Lisa R. W. Fleisher, Jay M. Wang, John D. Elmir, Samir M. He, Guoqing Wright, Mary E. Abdelzaher, Amir M. Ortega, Cristina Wanless, David Garza, Anna C. Kish, Jonathan Scott, Troy Hollenbeck, Julie Backer, Lorraine C. Fleming, Lora E. TI Evaluation of Conventional and Alternative Monitoring Methods for a Recreational Marine Beach with Nonpoint Source of Fecal Contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WATER-QUALITY; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; MICROBIAL INDICATORS; BACTERIA; URBAN; BACTEROIDALES; ENTEROCOCCI AB The objectives of this work were to compare enterococci (ENT) measurements based on the membrane filter, ENT(MF) with alternatives that can provide faster results including alternative enterococci methods (e.g., chromogenic substrate (CS), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)), and results from regression models based upon environmental parameters that can be measured in real-time. ENT(MF) were also compared to source tracking markers (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroidales human and dog markers, and Catellicoccus gull marker) in an effort to interpret the variability of the signal. Results showed that concentrations of enterococci based upon MF (<2 to 3320 CFU/100 mL) were significantly different from the CS and qPCR methods (p < 0.01). The correlations between MF and CS (r = 0.58, p < 0.01) were stronger than between MF and qPCR (r <= 0.36, p < 0.01). Enterococci levels by MF, CS, and qPCR methods were positively correlated with turbidity and tidal height Enterococci by MF and CS were also inversely correlated with solar radiation but enterococci by qPCR was not. The regression model based on environmental variables provided fair qualitative predictions of enterococci by ME in real-time, for daily geometric mean levels, but not for individual samples. Overall, ENT(ME) was not significantly correlated with source tracking markers with the exception of samples collected during one storm event. The inability of the regression model to predict ENT(MF) levels for individual samples is likely due to the different sources of ENT impacting the beach at any given time, making it particularly difficult to to predict short-term variability of ENT(MF) for environmental parameters. C1 [Shibata, Tomoyuki] No Illinois Univ, Sch Nursing & Hlth Studies, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Plano, Lisa R. W.; Fleisher, Jay M.; Wang, John D.; Elmir, Samir M.; He, Guoqing; Wright, Mary E.; Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Ortega, Cristina; Wanless, David; Garza, Anna C.; Kish, Jonathan; Hollenbeck, Julie; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, NSF, NIEHS, Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr,Rosenstiel Sch, Miami, FL USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fleisher, Jay M.] Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Wright, Mary E.; Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Ortega, Cristina] Univ Miami, Coll Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Garza, Anna C.; Kish, Jonathan; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Elmir, Samir M.] Miami Dade Cty Publ Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. [Scott, Troy] BCS Labs, Miami, FL USA. [Gidley, Maribeth L.; Wanless, David] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Backer, Lorraine C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Shibata, T (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Sch Nursing & Hlth Studies, Wirtz Hall 2091, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM tshibata@niu.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014; OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073; Fleisher, Jay/0000-0002-2553-2201 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Florida Department of Health through Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Environmental Protection Agency Internship Program; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373, NIEHS P50 ES12736]; NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health; NSF SGER [NSF SGER 0743987]; Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute [NA06OAR4320264] FX Funding was received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Florida Department of Health through monies from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection; the Environmental Protection Agency Internship Program; the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373] and [NIEHS P50 ES12736] and NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health, and the NSF SGER (NSF SGER 0743987) in Oceans and Human Health. Development of the dog-host-specific Bacteroides and gull-host-specific Catellicoccus qPCR assays were funded in part by the Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute (U.S. Department of Commerce award NA06OAR4320264). We would also like to thank IDEXX Corporation for the provision of supplies for the CS method. This study is dedicated to the memory of Ms. Seana Campbell, a very talented, hardworking and creative young researcher who died too young. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21 BP 8175 EP 8181 DI 10.1021/es100884w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671EV UT WOS:000283484000035 PM 20925349 ER PT J AU Dillon, T Beckvar, N Kern, J AF Dillon, Tom Beckvar, Nancy Kern, John TI RESIDUE-BASED MERCURY DOSE-RESPONSE IN FISH: AN ANALYSIS USING LETHALITY-EQUIVALENT TEST ENDPOINTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fish; Mercury; Injury; Dose-response; Residue-effects ID WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; FATHEAD MINNOWS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; FRESH-WATER; TOXICITY; BEHAVIOR; BIOACCUMULATION; SENSITIVITY AB Dose-response relationships for aquatic organisms have been developed for numerous contaminants using external media exposures (water and sediment). Dose-response relationships based on internal concentrations (tissue residues) are limited The present study reports Hg dose response curves for early life stage and juvenile or adult fish based on published tissue-residue toxicity studies These curves rely primarily on endpoints that can be directly related to mortality, such as survival, reproductive success. and lethal developmental abnormalities These lethality-equivalent-endpoints were linked using the common metric of injury. Uncertainties and potential applications of this mercury close response curve are discussed Major uncertainties include lab to field extrapolations. biological endpoints selected by investigators. Iraqi-specific extrapolations, and the paucity of published early life stage residue (close) response information To the extent this curve is based exclusively on laboratory toxicity tests and does not consider other potentially sensitive and ecologically important biological endpoints (e.g., growth and behavior), the magnitude of the adverse effects predicted by the curve may be underestimated Environ Toxicol, Chem, 2010,29 2559-2565. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Dillon, Tom] US EPA Superfund, Off Response & Restorat, NOAA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Beckvar, Nancy] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kern, John] Kern Stat Serv, Sauk Rapids, MN 56379 USA. RP Dillon, T (reprint author), US EPA Superfund, Off Response & Restorat, NOAA, 61 Forsyth St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM dillon@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of New Hampshire's Coastal Response Research Center FX This work was funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of New Hampshire's Coastal Response Research Center We thank Jay Field and Greg Baker for their review and insightful comments on the manuscript We also thank two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable and constructive feedback that improved the quality of this article NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 25 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2559 EP 2565 DI 10.1002/etc.314 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 673DP UT WOS:000283639500022 PM 20886502 ER PT J AU Beyer, J Jonsson, G Porte, C Krahn, MM Ariese, F AF Beyer, Jonny Jonsson, Grete Porte, Cinta Krahn, Margaret M. Ariese, Freek TI Analytical methods for determining metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants in fish bile: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PAH pollution; Fish; Environmental monitoring; Bile metabolites; Biomarkers of exposure ID FIXED-WAVELENGTH FLUORESCENCE; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; TURBOT SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE AB The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites in bile can serve as a tool for assessing environmental PAH exposure in fish. Biliary PAH metabolite levels can be measured using several analytical methods, including simple fluorescence assays (fixed fluorescence detection or synchronous fluorescence spectrometry); high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-F); gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after deconjugation, extraction and derivatization of the bile sample, and finally by advanced liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) methods. The method alternatives are highly different both with regard to their analytical performance towards different PAH metabolite structures as well as in general technical demands and their suitability for different monitoring strategies. In the present review, the state-of-the-art for these different analytical methods is presented and the advantages and limitations of each approach as well as aspects related to analytical quality control and inter-laboratory comparability of data and availability of certified reference materials are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beyer, Jonny] IRIS, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway. [Beyer, Jonny] Univ Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway. [Jonsson, Grete] Stavanger Univ Hosp, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway. [Porte, Cinta] CSIC, Environm Chem Dept IDAEA, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Krahn, Margaret M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Ariese, Freek] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Beyer, J (reprint author), IRIS, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway. EM jb@iris.no; gina.ylitalo@noaa.gov RI Beyer, Jonny/E-8001-2011; Porte, Cinta/L-3191-2014; OI Porte, Cinta/0000-0002-3940-6409; Ariese, Freek/0000-0002-8756-7223 FU EU [SMT4-CT98-2250]; Norwegian Research Council [653879, 152449/720, 153898/S40]; Total E&P Norge AS (TCP project) FX Financial support for different parts of the current work was provided by the EU - Standards, Measurements and Testing program (contract SMT4-CT98-2250), the Norwegian Research Council (projects 653879, 152449/720 and 153898/S40) and Total E&P Norge AS (TCP project). M.O. Sydnes (IRIS), G. Ylitalo and J. Stein (NOAA) are acknowledged for their valuable critical comments on the manuscript. NR 207 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 8 U2 132 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 3 BP 224 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2010.08.004 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 677AJ UT WOS:000283961200002 PM 21787655 ER PT J AU Williams, MR Filoso, S Longstaff, BJ Dennison, WC AF Williams, Michael R. Filoso, Solange Longstaff, Benjamin J. Dennison, William C. TI Long-Term Trends of Water Quality and Biotic Metrics in Chesapeake Bay: 1986 to 2008 SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Biotic; Chesapeake Bay; Eutrophication; Health indices; Water quality ID PATUXENT RIVER ESTUARY; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; AQUATIC VEGETATION; CONSTITUENT LOADS; TIDAL TRIBUTARIES; BENTHIC INDEX; HUDSON RIVER; TAMPA BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON; INTEGRITY AB We analyzed trends in a 23-year period of water quality and biotic data for Chesapeake Bay. Indicators were used to detect trends of improving and worsening environmental health in 15 regions and 70 segments of the bay and to assess the estuarine ecosystem's responses to reduced nutrient loading from point (i.e., sewage treatment facilities) and non-point (e.g., agricultural and urban land use) sources. Despite extensive restoration efforts, ecological health-related water quality (chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, Secchi depth) and biotic (phytoplankton and benthic indices) metrics evaluated herein have generally shown little improvement (submerged aquatic vegetation was an exception), and water clarity and chlorophyll-a have considerably worsened since 1986. Nutrient and sediment inputs from higher-than-average annual flows after 1992 combined with those from highly developed Coastal Plain areas and compromised ecosystem resiliency are important factors responsible for worsening chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth trends in mesohaline and polyhaline zones from 1986 to 2008. C1 [Williams, Michael R.; Dennison, William C.] Univ Maryland, Annapolis Synth Ctr, Ctr Environm Sci, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Filoso, Solange] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Longstaff, Benjamin J.] NOAA UMCES Partnership, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Williams, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Annapolis Synth Ctr, Ctr Environm Sci, Suite 301, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM mwilliams@umces.edu; filoso@cbl.umces.edu RI Dennison, William/D-7739-2012; Filoso, Solange/G-4461-2015; feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 57 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1279 EP 1299 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9333-y PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 658SZ UT WOS:000282511000003 ER PT J AU McKinney, RA Oczkowski, AJ Prezioso, J Hyde, KJW AF McKinney, R. A. Oczkowski, A. J. Prezioso, J. Hyde, K. J. W. TI Spatial variability of nitrogen isotope ratios of particulate material from Northwest Atlantic continental shelf waters SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; stable isotope; continental shelf; particulate material; estuary; chlorophyll-a ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; COASTAL WATERS; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; FOOD-WEB; NITRATE; OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEMS AB Human encroachment on the coastal zone has led to concern about the impact of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) on estuarine and continental shelf waters. Western North Atlantic watershed budgets suggest that the export of human-derived N from estuaries to shelf waters off the east coast of the US may be significant: however, models based on water inputs and estimates of upwelling of deepwater nutrients to surface waters of the mid-Atlantic bight indicate that estuarine N may be a relatively minor component of the overall shelf N budget. Stable N isotope ratios could provide a means to assess the relative input of anthropogenic N to shelf waters, particularly since dissolved N from human sources has elevated delta(15)N values (range: 7-30 parts per thousand). We collected particulate material from surface shelf waters off the US east coast from 2000 to 2005 at near-shore sample sites proximal to the mouth of six estuaries and corresponding sites farther offshore. Near-shore (mean 33.7 km from estuary mouth) delta(15)N values ranged from 5.5 to 7.7 parts per thousand, Offshore values (mean 92.4 km from estuary mouth) were consistently lower than near-shore sites (average 4.7 +/- 1.0 parts per thousand versus 6.8 +/- 1.1 parts per thousand)(,) suggesting different N sources to near and offshore stations. Near-shore regions are often more productive, as mean monthly chlorophyll-a concentrations from the sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) were significantly higher at near-shore sites near the mouth of three of the six estuaries. A mass balance using a concentration-dependent mixing model with chlorophyll-a concentrations as a surrogate for dissolved inorganic nitrogen can account for all of the nitrogen at near-shore sites south of Cape Cod with estuarine nitrogen estimated to contribute 45-85% of the nitrogen to the near-shore surface particulate material. Our results support the hypothesis that estuarine nitrogen is influencing continental shelf ecosystems, and also provide preliminary evidence of the spatial extent of its influence on shelf waters in the mid-Atlantic bight. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McKinney, R. A.; Oczkowski, A. J.] USA, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Atlantic Eco, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Prezioso, J.; Hyde, K. J. W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), USA, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Atlantic Eco, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mckinney.rick@epa.gov OI Oczkowski, Autumn/0000-0002-2421-0956 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Joe Kane for assistance with sample collection and data analysis. Also many thanks to John O'Reilly for providing chlorophyll-a data and Teresa Ducas for help with data processing. We are grateful to Scott Nixon, Richard Pruell and Mark Cantwell for their critical review and helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to Agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This is the Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division contribution number AED-08-083. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 4 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.08.004 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664ZF UT WOS:000283002100005 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Burnett, KM Steel, EA Flitcroft, RL Pess, GR Feist, BE Torgersen, CE Miller, DJ Sanderson, BL AF Fullerton, A. H. Burnett, K. M. Steel, E. A. Flitcroft, R. L. Pess, G. R. Feist, B. E. Torgersen, C. E. Miller, D. J. Sanderson, B. L. TI Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish: measurement challenges and research opportunities SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE migratory fish; movement barriers; river network; spatial structure ID PSEUDOMUGIL-SIGNIFER PSEUDOMUGILIDAE; COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; 2 LOWLAND RIVERS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPATIAL VARIATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RISK; BULL TROUT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AB P>1. In this review, we first summarize how hydrologic connectivity has been studied for riverine fish capable of moving long distances, and then identify research opportunities that have clear conservation significance. Migratory species, such as anadromous salmonids, are good model organisms for understanding ecological connectivity in rivers because the spatial scale over which movements occur among freshwater habitats is large enough to be easily observed with available techniques; they are often economically or culturally valuable with habitats that can be easily fragmented by human activities; and they integrate landscape conditions from multiple surrounding catchment(s) with in-river conditions. Studies have focussed on three themes: (i) relatively stable connections (connections controlled by processes that act over broad spatio-temporal scales > 1000 km2 and > 100 years); (ii) dynamic connections (connections controlled by processes acting over fine to moderate spatio-temporal scales similar to 1-1000 km2 and < 1-100 years); and (iii) anthropogenic influences on hydrologic connectivity, including actions that disrupt or enhance natural connections experienced by fish. 2. We outline eight challenges to understanding the role of connectivity in riverine fish ecology, organized under three foci: (i) addressing the constraints of river structure; (ii) embracing temporal complexity in hydrologic connectivity; and (iii) managing connectivity for riverine fishes. Challenges include the spatial structure of stream networks, the force and direction of flow, scale-dependence of connectivity, shifting boundaries, complexity of behaviour and life histories and quantifying anthropogenic influence on connectivity and aligning management goals. As we discuss each challenge, we summarize relevant approaches in the literature and provide additional suggestions for improving research and management of connectivity for riverine fishes. 3. Specifically, we suggest that rapid advances are possible in the following arenas: (i) incorporating network structure and river discharge into analyses; (ii) increasing explicit consideration of temporal complexity and fish behaviour in the scope of analyses; and (iii) parsing degrees of human and natural influences on connectivity and defining acceptable alterations. Multiscale analyses are most likely to identify dominant patterns of connections and disconnections, and the appropriate scale at which to focus conservation activities. C1 [Fullerton, A. H.; Pess, G. R.; Feist, B. E.; Sanderson, B. L.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Flitcroft, R. L.] USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Flitcroft, R. L.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Steel, E. A.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA USA. [Torgersen, C. E.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Miller, D. J.] Earth Syst Inst, Seattle, WA USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA USA. EM aimee.fullerton@noaa.gov OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Peter Kiffney, Belinda Robson, Phil Roni and two anonymous referees for critical reviews of the manuscript, and Kathryn Ronnenberg for help with Fig. 2 and technical review. Funding for this work was provided to AHF by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center's Internal Grants Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 212 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 11 U2 138 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 11 BP 2215 EP 2237 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02448.x PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 661BU UT WOS:000282698800001 ER PT J AU Macneale, KH Kiffney, PM Scholz, NL AF Macneale, Kate H. Kiffney, Peter M. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Pesticides, aquatic food webs, and the conservation of Pacific salmon SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; HABITAT RESTORATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH-HABITAT; STREAMS; INSECTICIDE; CHALLENGES; TOXICITY AB Pesticides pose complex threats to the biological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. In the western US, pesticides have contaminated many surface waters that provide habitat for endangered salmon. These iconic species depend on the productivity of rivers, lakes, and estuaries to provide food for juvenile growth, a key determinant of subsequent marine survival. Despite extensive societal investments in salmon habitat restoration in recent years, the role of pesticides as a limiting factor for salmon recovery has received little attention. Pesticides can be toxic to primary producers and macroinvertebrates, thereby limiting salmon population recovery through adverse, bottom-up impacts on aquatic food webs. The integration of toxicology, environmental chemistry, population biology, community ecology, landscape ecology, conservation biology, and environmental policy is needed to better understand these indirect effects of pesticides on endangered species. We highlight key information gaps and discuss how future research on pesticides and food webs can most effectively guide the long-term conservation of imperiled fish species. C1 [Macneale, Kate H.; Kiffney, Peter M.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA USA. EM Nathaniel.Scholz@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 50 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 70 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 9 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1890/090142 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679KG UT WOS:000284159700018 ER PT J AU Schiel, J Au, J Phinney, K AF Schiel, John Au, Jennifer Phinney, Karen TI Pronase Digestion and Mass Spectrometry-Based Characterization of Biopharmaceutical Glycosylation SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL St. Pete Beach, FL SP Soc Glycobiol C1 [Schiel, John; Au, Jennifer; Phinney, Karen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 20 IS 11 MA 106 BP 1482 EP 1483 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 661TF UT WOS:000282750300116 ER PT J AU Del Rio, R Bargu, S Baltz, D Fire, S Peterson, G Wang, ZH AF Del Rio, Ross Bargu, Sibel Baltz, Donald Fire, Spencer Peterson, Gary Wang, Zhihong TI Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus): A potential vector of domoic acid in coastal Louisiana food webs SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Pseudo-nitzschia; Domoic acid; Gulf menhaden; Brevoortia patronus; Louisiana; Gulf of Mexico ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DIATOM PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; OF-MEXICO; TYRANNUS PISCES; SEA LIONS; SHARK; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; BAY; PSEUDODELICATISSIMA AB Harmful algal blooms are an increasing problem for coastal waters world-wide. The presence of the toxigenic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia is of concern in the Gulf of Mexico, due to the potential for several species in this genus to produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). Louisiana coastal waters are of particular interest due to the presence of both toxin-producing species of Pseudo-nitzschia and abundant potential vectors. While trophic transfer of DA to consumers has repeatedly occurred along the California coast, little is known about trophic transfer of recently detected DA in the Gulf of Mexico. In this study, the presence of DA was investigated in filter-feeding gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and in seawater where high abundances of these fish reside. Pseudo-nitzschia presence and enumeration was determined using light microscopy, species identification in seawater and gulf menhaden gut contents was conducted with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and DA quantification in corresponding seawater and tissue samples was determined by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Examination of the phytoplankton revealed the presence of four species of Pseudo-nitzschia: P. calliantha for the first time, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. pungens, and P. americana, with P. calliantha as the dominant Pseudo-nitzschia species. Low levels of DA were detected in both seawater and fish samples, with a significant correlation between the two (n = 22, p = 0.043). Thus, for the first time in the Gulf of Mexico, a potential vector of DA has been identified, revealing the possibility of DA contamination in coastal Louisiana food webs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Del Rio, Ross; Bargu, Sibel; Baltz, Donald; Peterson, Gary] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Fire, Spencer; Wang, Zhihong] NOAA NOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bargu, S (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, 1235 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sbargu@lsu.edu RI Baltz, Donald/A-9374-2009; Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X FU Louisiana Board of Regents [LEQSF (2007-10)-RD-A-02]; Louisiana State University Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences FX This study was funded by the Louisiana Board of Regents under award number LEQSF (2007-10)-RD-A-02 to Sibel Bargu and the Louisiana State University Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences. We would like to thank Dr. Cindy Henk for her help with the TEM, and Dr. Gregory Stone for granting access to WAVCIS data and its interpretation. Finally, we would also like to thank Brian Milan, Elin Sandy, Jessica Czubakowski, Dr. Kari Galvan, Ana Cristina Garcia, and Benjamin Von Korff for their assistance either in the field or lab.[SS] NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2010.05.006 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 677CC UT WOS:000283965700003 ER PT J AU Rensel, JEJ Haigh, N Tynan, TJ AF Rensel, J. E. Jack Haigh, Nicola Tynan, Tim J. TI Fraser river sockeye salmon marine survival decline and harmful blooms of Heterosigrna akashiwo SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE British Columbia; Fish mortality; Fraser River; Heterosigma akashiwo; Puget Sound; Sockeye salmon; Strait of Georgia ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA SMOLTS; DE-FUCA STRAIT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RED-TIDE; ALGAL BLOOMS; PACIFIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HETEROTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE; LABORATORY CULTURES; VERTICAL MIGRATION AB A two-decade decline of Fraser River sockeye salmon, historically the most valuable west coast Canadian and United States salmon fishery, was linked with blooms of the harmful raphidophyte flagellate Heterosigma akashiwo in the Strait of Georgia ("Strait"), British Columbia. This region has the most intense and prolonged Heterosigma blooms of all B.C. regions analyzed. Marine survival of Chilko stock averaged 2.7% in years when juvenile sockeye salmon seawater migration in the Strait coincided with major Heterosigma blooms versus 10.9% in no or minor bloom index years. Since the mid 1990s, September young-of-the-year ("YOY") herring abundance was strongly correlated with marine survival rates of Chilko stock Fraser River sockeye salmon and Heterosigma bloom timing in the Strait. Juvenile sockeye salmon and YOY herring co-occur for only six weeks in mid-May through June during initial salmon migration in the Strait. Sockeye salmon marine survival rates were therefore determined in that early period. Fraser River discharge was a bloom-controlling factor with earlier and larger spring and early summer flows linked to major blooms in that period. Heterosignia is a most versatile and allelopathic harmful algal bloom species and may adversely affect sockeye salmon through acute and chronic toxicity or food web impoverishment. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rensel, J. E. Jack] Rensel Associates Aquat Sci, Arlington, WA 98223 USA. [Haigh, Nicola] British Columbia Harmful Algae Monitoring Program, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada. [Tynan, Tim J.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Salmon Recovery Div, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Rensel, JEJ (reprint author), Rensel Associates Aquat Sci, Arlington, WA 98223 USA. EM jackrensel@att.net FU Marine Harvest Canada; Mainstream Canada; Grieg Seafoods BC; Creative Salmon; North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES); National Science Foundation FX The authors thank the following organizations and individuals for providing data, manuscript review, or illustration drafting: James Irvine and Dario Stucchi (Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans), Rita Homer (University of Washington), Michael Lapointe (Pacific Salmon Commission), Brian Riddell (Pacific Salmon Foundation), Randall Peterman (Simon Fraser University), Ruth Milner (Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife) and anonymous reviewers. Peter Chandler (Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans) formatted draft and final figures. HAMP sample analysis was funded by Marine Harvest Canada, Mainstream Canada, Grieg Seafoods BC and Creative Salmon. This paper was prepared without any external funding or compensation of any type. A travel grant from the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) and the National Science Foundation allowed the primary author to present initial findings at the 2009 annual PICES meeting.[SS] NR 130 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 98 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2010.07.005 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 677CC UT WOS:000283965700012 ER PT J AU Costa, PR Botelho, MJ Lefebvre, KA AF Costa, Pedro Reis Botelho, Maria Joao Lefebvre, Kathi A. TI Characterization of paralytic shellfish toxins in seawater and sardines (Sardina pilchardus) during blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Gymnodinium catenatum; Vector; Sardines; Saxitoxins; Paralytic shellfish poisoning; Dissolved and particulate; Planktivorous fish ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE; DISSOLVED SAXITOXIN; LARVAL FISH; DINOFLAGELLATE; ACCUMULATION; EXPOSURE; FINFISH; RISK; PSP AB The re-emergence of Gymnodinum catenatum blooms after a 10 year hiatus of absence initiated the present investigation. This study aims to evaluate the exposure of small pelagic fishes to paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) during blooms of G. catenatum. Sardines (Sardina pilchardus) were selected as a representative fish species. In order to assess toxin availability to fish, both intracellular PSTs (toxin retained within the algal cells) and extracellular PSTs (toxin found in seawater outside algal cells) were quantified, as well as toxin levels within three fish tissue matrices (viscera, muscle and brain). During the study period, the highest cell densities of G. catenatum reached 2.5 x 10(4) cells l(-1) and intracellular PST levels ranged from 3.4 to 398 ng STXeq l(-1) as detected via an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Measurable extracellular PSTs were also detected in seawater (0.2-1.1 mu g STXeq l(-1)) for the first time in Atlantic waters. The PST profile in G. catenatum was determined via high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and consisted mostly of sulfocarbamoyl (C1+2, B1) and decarbamoyl (dcSTX, dcGTX2+3, dcNEO) toxins. The observed profile was similar to that reported previously in G. catenatum blooms in this region before the 10-year hiatus. Sardines, planktivorous fish that ingest a large number of phytoplankton cells, were found to contain PSTs in the viscera, reaching a maximum of 531 mu g STXeq kg(-1). PSTs were not detected in corresponding muscle or brain tissues. The PST profile characterized in sardine samples consisted of the same sulfocarbamoyl and decarbamoyl toxins found in the algal prey with minor differences in relative abundance of each toxin. Overall, the data suggest that significant biotransformation of PSTs does not occur in sardines. Therefore, planktivorous fish may be a good tracer for the occurrence of offshore G. catenatum blooms and the associated PSTs produced by these algae. C1 [Costa, Pedro Reis; Botelho, Maria Joao] IPIMAR, Natl Inst Biol Resources, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. [Lefebvre, Kathi A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Costa, PR (reprint author), IPIMAR, Natl Inst Biol Resources, Ave Brasilia S-N, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. EM prcosta@ipimar.pt RI Costa, Pedro/F-2192-2011; OI Costa, Pedro/0000-0001-6083-470X; Henriques, Maria Joao Botelho/0000-0001-9330-9979 FU The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [PTDC/MAR/78997/2006, SFRH/BPD/27002/2006] FX Authors greatly appreciated the helpful assistance of Ms Bich-Thuy Eberhart (Seattle-NOAA) in ELISA determinations, and Ms Lourdes Dias (Lisbon-IPIMAR) for seawater sampling. The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology supported this study through the research grant PTDC/MAR/78997/2006 and post-doctoral grant to P.R. Costa, grant number: SFRH/BPD/27002/2006. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2010 VL 655 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0406-5 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 654PG UT WOS:000282179900008 ER PT J AU Arthaud, DL Greene, CM Guilbault, K Morrow, JV AF Arthaud, David L. Greene, Correigh M. Guilbault, Kimberly Morrow, James V., Jr. TI Contrasting life-cycle impacts of stream flow on two Chinook salmon populations SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Stream flow; Snake River; Chinook salmon; Survival ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; COLUMBIA RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; SNAKE RIVER; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TRUTTA POPULATION; SMOLT PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Stream flow affects many aspects of freshwater fish biology, but the extent to which variation in stream flow influences productivity of anadromous salmonid populations across their entire life cycle is not well known. We compared relationships of stream flow and productivity for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from two systems in the Salmon River basin in Idaho: the Lemhi River, a watershed subjected to intensive water use for irrigation, and Marsh Creek, a drainage with a natural hydrograph. We estimated rates of productivity based on monitoring at four life stages: the number of eggs initiating each cohort, juveniles migrating from the natal tributary past an outmigrant trap, smolts surviving to the Snake River, and adults returning to spawn. Using model selection techniques, we examined whether river flow experienced during these life stages explained variation above and beyond predictors of climate associated with each stage. In the Lemhi River, tributary stream flow during early residence exhibited strong correlations with egg-trap, egg-smolt, and egg-adult return rates, and was consistently a better predictor of productivity than stream flow occurring during late summer. Model selection indicated that early rearing flow was the single best predictor of both egg-trap and trap-smolt transition rates in the Lemhi River, and path analysis revealed a strong set of pathways linking rearing flow to adult return rate primarily through egg-trap productivity. These patterns were much less strongly exhibited or nonexistent in Marsh Creek. However, for both populations, migration flow in the Columbia River was the best predictor of smolt-adult return rates. Potentially confounding climatic variables exhibited relatively weak effects upon both early life histories and tributary flow, but were included in the best models of migration flows and smolt-adult return rate. These results suggest that effects of stream flow on juvenile salmonids in flow-altered systems can have substantial impacts on returning adults. C1 [Arthaud, David L.; Morrow, James V., Jr.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 10095 W Emerald St,Room 180, Boise, ID 83704 USA. [Greene, Correigh M.; Guilbault, Kimberly] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Morrow, JV (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 10095 W Emerald St,Room 180, Boise, ID 83704 USA. EM Jim.morrow@noaa.gov NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2010 VL 655 IS 1 BP 171 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0419-0 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 654PG UT WOS:000282179900015 ER PT J AU Cadrin, SX Bernreuther, M Danielsdottir, AK Hjorleifsson, E Johansen, T Kerr, L Kristinsson, K Mariani, S Nedreaas, K Pampoulie, C Planque, B Reinert, J Saborido-Rey, F Sigurosson, T Stransky, C AF Cadrin, Steven X. Bernreuther, Matthias Danielsdottir, Anna Kristin Hjorleifsson, Einar Johansen, Torild Kerr, Lisa Kristinsson, Kristjan Mariani, Stefano Nedreaas, Kjell Pampoulie, Christophe Planque, Benjamin Reinert, Jakup Saborido-Rey, Fran Sigurosson, Thorsteinn Stransky, Christoph TI Population structure of beaked redfish, Sebastes mentella: evidence of divergence associated with different habitats SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adaptation; depth; fisheries management; habitat; molecular genetics; multidisciplinary approach; North Atlantic; stock structure ID DEEP-WATER REDFISH; ANCIENT SPECIES FLOCKS; OTOLITH SHAPE-ANALYSIS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; IRMINGER-SEA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; ADJACENT WATERS; GENUS SEBASTES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; S.-MENTELLA AB Throughout their range, Sebastes spp. are adapted to a diversity of ecological niches, with overlapping spatial distributions of different species that have little or no morphological differences. Divergence of behavioural groups into depth-defined adult habitats has led to reproductive isolation, adaptive radiation, and speciation in the genus Sebastes. Recent genetic research, supported by life-history information, indicates four biological stocks of Sebastes mentella in the Irminger Sea and adjacent waters: a western stock, a deep-pelagic stock, a shallow-pelagic stock, and an Iceland slope stock. Congruent differences in fatty acids and parasites suggest that these genetically distinct populations are adapted to disparate trophic habitats in pelagic waters (shallower and deeper than the deep-scattering layer) and in demersal habitats on the continental slope. Morphology of pelagic forms is also more streamlined than demersal forms. Although genetic differences and evidence for reproductive isolation are clear, these populations appear to share common nursery habitats on the Greenland shelf. We propose a redefinition of practical management units near the Irminger Sea based on geographic proxies for biological stocks and minimizing mixed-stock catches according to the spatial patterns of the recent fishery. C1 [Cadrin, Steven X.] NOAA, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, UMass CMER Program, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Bernreuther, Matthias; Stransky, Christoph] Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst, Inst Sea Fisheries, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Hjorleifsson, Einar; Kristinsson, Kristjan; Pampoulie, Christophe; Sigurosson, Thorsteinn] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Johansen, Torild; Planque, Benjamin] Inst Marine Res, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. [Kerr, Lisa] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Mariani, Stefano] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Nedreaas, Kjell] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Reinert, Jakup] Faroe Marine Res Inst, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Saborido-Rey, Fran] Inst Marine Res CSIC, E-36208 Vigo, Spain. RP Cadrin, SX (reprint author), NOAA, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, UMass CMER Program, 200 Mill Rd, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. EM steven.cadrin@noaa.gov RI Mariani, Stefano/A-2964-2012; Planque, Benjamin/D-2729-2013; Saborido-Rey, Fran/A-8440-2008 OI Mariani, Stefano/0000-0002-5329-0553; Planque, Benjamin/0000-0002-0557-7410; Saborido-Rey, Fran/0000-0002-2760-8169 NR 90 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1617 EP 1630 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq046 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 666NK UT WOS:000283121900009 ER PT J AU Kerr, LA Cadrin, SX Secor, DH AF Kerr, Lisa A. Cadrin, Steven X. Secor, Dave H. TI Simulation modelling as a tool for examining the consequences of spatial structure and connectivity on local and regional population dynamics SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE connectivity; metapopulation; persistence; population; spatial structure ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; MANAGEMENT; METAPOPULATIONS; BIOCOMPLEXITY; PRODUCTIVITY; STABILITY; ECOLOGY; FISHES; MAINE AB Kerr, L. A., Cadrin, S. X., and Secor, D. H. 2010. Simulation modelling as a tool for examining the consequences of spatial structure and connectivity on local and regional population dynamics. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1631-1639. C1 [Kerr, Lisa A.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Cadrin, Steven X.] NOAA, UMass Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Secor, Dave H.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Kerr, LA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 200 Mill Rd,Suite 325, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. EM lkerr@umassd.edu RI Secor, D/D-4367-2012 OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-032485]; Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute FX The white perch and herring work described was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-032485. Deirdre Brophy was helpful in specifying the herring model. Support for the Atlantic cod research described was provided by the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute. We acknowledge the contribution of research by SMAST cod tagging/genetic collaborators (including D. Martins, J. Loehrke, S. Tallack, I. Wirgin, D. L. Berlinsky, and A. I. Kovach). NR 37 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1631 EP 1639 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq053 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 666NK UT WOS:000283121900010 ER PT J AU Grant, WS Spies, I Canino, MF AF Grant, W. Stewart Spies, Ingrid Canino, Michael F. TI Shifting-balance stock structure in North Pacific walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; cytochrome oxidase I; Gulf of Alaska; isolation by distance; marine fish; mitochondrial DNA ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; PAN-I LOCUS; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MARINE FISH; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC COD; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION AB Grant, W. S., Spies, I., and Canino, M. F. 2010. Shifting-balance stock structure in North Pacific walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1687-1696. C1 [Grant, W. Stewart] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Grant, W. Stewart] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Spies, Ingrid; Canino, Michael F.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Grant, WS (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Genet Lab, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM william.grant@alaska.gov NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1687 EP 1696 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq079 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 666NK UT WOS:000283121900016 ER PT J AU Kang, MG Park, HJ Ahn, SH Xu, T Guo, LJ AF Kang, Myung-Gyu Park, Hui Joon Ahn, Se Hyun Xu, Ting Guo, L. Jay TI Toward Low-Cost, High-Efficiency, and Scalable Organic Solar Cells with Transparent Metal Electrode and Improved Domain Morphology SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Bulk heterojunction (BHJ); nanoimprint lithography (NIL); organic solar cell (OSC); roll-to-roll (R2R); surface plasmons (SPs); transparent and conductive electrode (TCE) ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLYMER PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; ROLL-TO-ROLL; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; SELF-ORGANIZATION; EXCITON DIFFUSION; PHASE-SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; HETEROJUNCTION AB We review our recent progress toward realizing future low-cost, high-efficiency, and scalable organic solar cells (OSCs). First, we show that the transparent electrodes based on metallic nanostructure is a strong candidate as a replacement of conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode due to their superior properties, such as high optical transparency, good electrical conductivity, and mechanical flexibility, and the versatility that these properties can be adjusted independently by changing the linewidth and thickness of the metal grid structure. Furthermore, we exploited the unique optical properties due to the excitation of surface plasmon resonance by the metallic nanogratings to enhance the light absorption of organic semiconductors, and demonstrated enhanced power conversion efficiency than devices made using ITO electrode. In addition, we also investigated a new device fabrication process with a focus on the photoactive layer formation, which produces the most optimum bulk-heterojunction morphology compared with conventional annealing-based methods. Finally, we successfully demonstrated that these approaches are scalable to large-area and high-speed roll-to-roll processes. We believe that the works highlighted in this paper represent one step forward to realizing low-cost, high-efficiency, and large-area OSCs. C1 [Kang, Myung-Gyu; Park, Hui Joon; Ahn, Se Hyun; Xu, Ting; Guo, L. Jay] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Solid State Elect Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ahn, Se Hyun] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Park, Hui Joon] Univ Michigan, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kang, MG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM myung-gyu.kang@nist.gov; huijoon@umich.edu; happyash@umich.edu; xuting@umich.edu; guo@umich.edu RI Xu, Ting/D-3921-2013 OI Xu, Ting/0000-0002-2008-7049 FU National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology; Department of Energy; Rackham Predoctoral Fellowship; Rackham International Student Fellowship; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in part by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, and in part by the Department of Energy. The work of M.-G. Kang was supported by a Rackham Predoctoral Fellowship. The work of H. J. Park was supported by a Rackham International Student Fellowship. The work of T. Xu was supported by a China Scholarship Council Scholarship. The first two authors (M.-G. Kang and H. J. Park) contributed equally to this study. Correspondence should be addressed to L. J. Guo. NR 91 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 10 U2 49 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1807 EP 1820 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2044634 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 736IY UT WOS:000288488400039 ER PT J AU Genender, E Holloway, CL Remley, KA Ladbury, JM Koepke, G Garbe, H AF Genender, Evgeni Holloway, Christopher L. Remley, Kate A. Ladbury, John M. Koepke, Galen Garbe, Heyno TI Simulating the Multipath Channel With a Reverberation Chamber: Application to Bit Error Rate Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Bit error rate (BER); digital modulation; multipath; reverberation chamber; wireless propagation; wireless system ID SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS; ELECTRICALLY LARGE; DIVERSITY GAIN; ENVIRONMENT; PROPAGATION; CAVITIES; ANTENNAS; ARRAY AB We illustrate the use of the reverberation chamber to simulate fixed wireless propagation environments including effects such as narrowband fading and Doppler spread. These effects have a strong impact on the quality of the wireless channel and the ability of a receiver to decode a digitally modulated signal. Different channel characteristics such as power delay profile and RMS delay spread are varied inside the chamber by incorporating various amounts of absorbing material. In order to illustrate the impact of the chamber configuration on the quality of a wireless communication channel, bit error rate measurements are performed inside the reverberation chamber for different loadings, symbol rates, and paddle speeds; the results are discussed. Measured results acquired inside a chamber are compared with those obtained both in an actual industrial environment and in an office. C1 [Genender, Evgeni; Holloway, Christopher L.; Remley, Kate A.; Ladbury, John M.; Koepke, Galen] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder Labs, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Genender, Evgeni; Garbe, Heyno] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Grundlagen Elektrotech & Messtech, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Genender, E (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Grundlagen Elektrotech & Messtech, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov OI Garbe, Heyno/0000-0003-1601-1321 FU Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory of the Office of Law Enforcement Standards at NIST FX The field tests at the oil refinery and the 60-storied office building for this work were supported by the Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory of the Office of Law Enforcement Standards at NIST. NR 35 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 BP 766 EP 777 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2010.2044578 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 681YT UT WOS:000284361300001 ER PT J AU Moore, N Torbick, N Lofgren, B Wang, J Pijanowski, B Andresen, J Kim, DY Olson, J AF Moore, Nathan Torbick, Nathan Lofgren, Brent Wang, Jing Pijanowski, Bryan Andresen, Jeffrey Kim, Dong-Yun Olson, Jennifer TI Adapting MODIS-derived LAI and fractional cover into the RAMS in East Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate modelling; MODIS; LAI; fractional cover; RAMS ID LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SHORT RAINS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL PRODUCTS; VALIDATION; VEGETATION; SATELLITE; IMPACT AB Land cover and its associated biophysical parameters govern many land-atmosphere interactions. Several previous studies have demonstrated the utility of incorporating satellite-derived observations of land cover into climate models to improve prediction accuracy. In the developing world where agriculture is a primary livelihood, a better understanding of seasonal variability in precipitation and near-surface temperature is critical to constructing more effective coping strategies for climate changes and food security. However, relatively few studies have been able to assess the impacts of improved surface parameterisation on these variables and their seasonality. Using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived products, we sought to address this shortcoming by adapting leaf area index (LAI) and vegetative fractional cover (FC) products, along with an improved representation of the land surface (i.e. land use land cover) into the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System in East Africa to evaluate the effect improved representations would have on simulated precipitation and land surface temperature (LST). In particular, we tested the hypothesis that improved phenological parameterisations could reduce error in precipitation and LST under dramatically different atmospheric conditions. The model was used to simulate dry/normal/wet rainfall years of 2000, 2001, and 2002 (respectively) in order to understand biases in this parameterisation under different boundary conditions. Our results show a dramatic improvement in LST simulation due to the use of the improved representations (spline functions) during most of the year, both spatially and temporally. Annual precipitation, which is dependent upon a much greater variety of surface and atmospheric characteristics, did not improve as much by adopting the spline representations of LAI and FC; the results were more equivocal. However, seasonal timing of precipitation improved in some areas, and this improvement has important consequences for integrated climate-agriculture assessments. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Moore, Nathan; Andresen, Jeffrey; Olson, Jennifer] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Torbick, Nathan] Appl GeoSolut LLC, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lofgren, Brent] NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wang, Jing] Univ Illinois, Dept Math Stat & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Pijanowski, Bryan] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Dong-Yun] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Moore, N (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM moorena@msu.edu OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU NSF [0308420] FX The images and data used in this study were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) as part of the NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). This research was supported by NSF Grant 0308420, Biocomplexity/CNH. NCEP reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. We are also grateful to Richard Anyah for advice in adapting a lake model for RAMS. NR 77 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 13 BP 1954 EP 1969 DI 10.1002/joc.2011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680CZ UT WOS:000284211300006 ER PT J AU Wang, JH Hong, Y Gourley, J Adhikari, P Li, L Su, FG AF Wang, Jiahu Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan Adhikari, Pradeep Li, Li Su, Fengge TI Quantitative assessment of climate change and human impacts on long-term hydrologic response: a case study in a sub-basin of the Yellow River, China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; hydrology; human impact; impact factor formula; run-off ID LAST 50 YEARS; WATER-RESOURCES; BASIN; MODEL; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; STREAMFLOW; RUNOFF; TRENDS AB In this study we developed an impact factor formula (IFF) to quantitatively attribute separately the impacts of climate change and local human activities on hydrological response (i.e. run-off) in a sub-basin of Yellow River for the period 1950-2000.Using the daily climatic data, we first calibrated and verified the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrological model to the baseline period 1955-1970. Then we developed the basin's natural run-off for the following three decades (1971-2000) using the VIC model without considering local human impacts, as the VIC model is benchmarked by the 1960's hydrological regime. On the basis of observed precipitation, run-off and reconstructed natural run-off data from 1971 to 2000, we quantified their long-term trend, decadal and annual variations. Using daily climatic observations, we showed that the precipitation and run-off have decreased from the baseline decade, the 1960s, indicating a drier hydrological regime for recent decades. We further applied the IFF to quantitatively attribute separately the impacts of reduced precipitation and increased temperatures from climate change and then of local human activities on hydrological run-off response. It was found that climate change has a greater impact than human activities on the basin's run-off for the three consecutive decades. The pCC (percentage change of run-off due to climate change impact) is found to be 89% followed by 66% and 56% in 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, respectively. Over the decades, pHA (percentage change of run-off due to human activities) has continuously increased from 11% to 44%. If the trend continues, in future, the pHA is going to outweigh pCC in this basin. This study provides a quantitative assessment methodology for water resources managers to understand the changing process of the hydrological cycle and attribute its causative factors in a sub-basin of the Yellow River. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Wang, Jiahu; Hong, Yang; Adhikari, Pradeep; Li, Li] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wang, Jiahu; Li, Li] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. [Gourley, Jonathan] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Su, Fengge] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Adhikari, Pradeep/0000-0003-2218-4376 FU Remote Sensing Hydrology Research Group at the University of Oklahoma; NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) [40801012] FX This study is supported by Remote Sensing Hydrology Research Group at the University of Oklahoma (http://hydro.ou.edu). The authors would like to extend their appreciation to Project 40801012 supported by NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) for providing data used in the study. The field data were gratefully shared by Hydrological Bureau, YRCC (Yellow River Conservancy Commission, P.R. China). NR 28 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 14 BP 2130 EP 2137 DI 10.1002/joc.2023 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680DB UT WOS:000284211500002 ER PT J AU Bogoutdinov, SR Gvishiani, AD Agayan, SM Solovyev, AA Kin, E AF Bogoutdinov, Sh. R. Gvishiani, A. D. Agayan, S. M. Solovyev, A. A. Kin, E. TI Time Series. Part 1: Spikes on Magnetograms of the Worldwide INTERMAGNET Network SO IZVESTIYA-PHYSICS OF THE SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article AB The International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET) is the world's biggest international network of ground-based observatories, providing geomagnetic data almost in real time (within 72 hours of collection) [Kerridge, 2001]. The observation data are rapidly transferred by the observatories participating in the program to regional Geomagnetic Information Nodes (GINs), which carry out a global exchange of data and process the results. The observations of the main (core) magnetic field of the Earth and its study are one of the key problems of geophysics. The INTERMAGNET system is the basis of monitoring the state of the Earth's magnetic field; therefore, the information provided by the system is required to be very reliable. Despite the rigid high-quality standard of the recording devices, they are subject to external effects that affect the quality of the records. Therefore, an objective and formalized recognition with the subsequent remedy of the anomalies (artifacts) that occur on the records is an important task. Expanding on the ideas of Agayan [Agayan et al., 2005] and Gvishiani [Gvishiani et al., 2008a; 2008b], this paper suggests a new algorithm of automatic recognition of anomalies with specified morphology, capable of identifying both physically-and anthropogenically-derived spikes on the magnetograms. The algorithm is constructed using fuzzy logic and, as such, is highly adaptive and universal. The developed algorithmic system formalizes the work of the expert-interpreter in terms of artificial intelligence. This ensures identical processing of large data arrays, almost unattainable manually. Besides the algorithm, the paper also reports on the application of the developed algorithmic system for identifying spikes at the INTERMAGNET observatories. The main achievement of the work is the creation of an algorithm permitting the almost unmanned extraction of spike-free (definitive) magnetograms from preliminary records. This automated system is developed for the first time with the application of fuzzy logic system for geomagnetic measurements. It is important to note that the recognition of time disturbances is formalized and identical. The algorithm presented here appreciably increases the reliability of spike-free INTERMAGNET magnetograms, thus increasing the objectivity of our knowledge of the Earth's magnetic field. At the same time, the created system can accomplish identical, formalized, and retrospective analysis of large archives of digital and digitized magnetograms, accumulated in the system of Worldwide Data Centers. The relevant project has already been initiated as a collaborative initiative of the Worldwide Data Center at Geophysical Center (Russian Academy of Sciences) and the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (Unite States). Thus, by improving and adding objectivity to both new and historical initial data, the developed algorithmic system may contribute appreciably to improving our understanding of the Earth's magnetic field. C1 [Bogoutdinov, Sh. R.; Gvishiani, A. D.; Agayan, S. M.; Solovyev, A. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Geophys Ctr, Moscow, Russia. [Kin, E.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bogoutdinov, SR (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Geophys Ctr, Moscow, Russia. RI Gvishiani, Alexei/F-8289-2014 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [09-05-00789-a] FX This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 09-05-00789-a). NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1069-3513 J9 IZV-PHYS SOLID EART+ JI Izv.-Phys. Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2010 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1004 EP 1016 DI 10.1134/S1069351310110091 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 691XM UT WOS:000285114100009 ER PT J AU Yang, P Feng, QA Hong, G Kattawar, GW Wiscombe, WJ Mishchenko, MI Dubovik, O Laszlo, I Sokolik, IN AF Yang, Ping Feng, Qian Hong, Gang Kattawar, George W. Wiscombe, Warren J. Mishchenko, Michael I. Dubovik, Oleg Laszlo, Istvan Sokolik, Irina N. TI Modeling of the scattering and radiative properties of nonspherical dust-like aerosols (vol 38, pg 995, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Yang, Ping; Feng, Qian; Hong, Gang] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kattawar, George W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wiscombe, Warren J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mishchenko, Michael I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Dubovik, Oleg] Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, CNRS, F-59655 Villeneuve Daascq, France. [Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Sokolik, Irina N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@csrp.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Hong, Gang/A-2323-2012; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1052 EP 1053 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.07.006 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 676HO UT WOS:000283901800008 ER PT J AU Michelson, SA Djalalova, IV Bao, JW AF Michelson, Sara A. Djalalova, Irina V. Bao, Jian-Wen TI Evaluation of the Summertime Low-Level Winds Simulated by MM5 in the Central Valley of California SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER DEPTH; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PROFILER; DESIGN AB A season-long set of 5-day simulations between 1200 UTC 1 June and 1200 UTC 30 September 2000 are evaluated using the observations taken during the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS) 2000 experiment. The simulations are carried out using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), which is widely used for air-quality simulations and control planning. The evaluation results strongly indicate that themodel-simulated low-level winds in California's Central Valley are biased in speed and direction: the simulated winds tend to have a stronger northwesterly component than observed. This bias is related to the difference in the observed and simulated large-scale, upper-level flows. The model simulations also show a bias in the height of the daytime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), particularly in the northern and southern Central Valley. There is evidence to suggest that this bias in the daytime ABL height is not only associated with the large-scale, upper-level bias but also linked to apparent differences in the surface forcing. C1 [Michelson, Sara A.; Djalalova, Irina V.; Bao, Jian-Wen] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Michelson, Sara A.; Djalalova, Irina V.] Univ Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Michelson, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Mail Stop PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sara.a.michelson@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2230 EP 2245 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2295.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 675NT UT WOS:000283838100004 ER PT J AU Wind, G Platnick, S King, MD Hubanks, PA Pavolonis, MJ Heidinger, AK Yang, P Baum, BA AF Wind, Galina Platnick, Steven King, Michael D. Hubanks, Paul A. Pavolonis, Michael J. Heidinger, Andrew K. Yang, Ping Baum, Bryan A. TI Multilayer Cloud Detection with the MODIS Near-Infrared Water Vapor Absorption Band SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LAND PRODUCTS; TOP PRESSURE; CIRRUS CLOUD; ICE CLOUDS; PART I; ALGORITHM; PHASE AB Data Collection 5 processing for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua spacecraft includes an algorithm for detecting multilayered clouds in daytime. The main objective of this algorithm is to detect multilayered cloud scenes, specifically optically thin ice cloud overlying a lower-level water cloud, that present difficulties for retrieving cloud effective radius using single-layer plane-parallel cloud models. The algorithm uses the MODIS 0.94-mu m water vapor band along with CO(2) bands to obtain two above-cloud precipitable water retrievals, the difference of which, in conjunction with additional tests, provides a map of where multilayered clouds might potentially exist. The presence of a multilayered cloud results in a large difference in retrievals of above-cloud properties between the CO(2) and the 0.94-mu m methods. In this paper the MODIS multilayered cloud algorithm is described, results of using the algorithm over example scenes are shown, and global statistics for multilayered clouds as observed by MODIS are discussed. A theoretical study of the algorithm behavior for simulated multilayered clouds is also given. Results are compared to two other comparable passive imager methods. A set of standard cloudy atmospheric profiles developed during the course of this investigation is also presented. The results lead to the conclusion that the MODIS multilayer cloud detection algorithm has some skill in identifying multilayered clouds with different thermodynamic phases. C1 [Wind, Galina] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613 2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wind, Galina] SSAI Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [King, Michael D.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hubanks, Paul A.] Wyle Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hubanks, Paul A.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Pavolonis, Michael J.; Heidinger, Andrew K.; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wind, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613 2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gala.wind@nasa.gov RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU MODIS Science Team; NASA FX The authors thank Brad Wind for developing the groundwork for simplifying the modifications to the operational MODIS code that made most of these studies possible. This work was funded by the MODIS Science Team and NASA's Radiation Sciences Program. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2315 EP 2333 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2364.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 675NT UT WOS:000283838100009 ER PT J AU Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Silva, TJ AF Shaw, Justin M. Nembach, Hans T. Silva, T. J. TI Roughness induced magnetic inhomogeneity in Co/Ni multilayers: Ferromagnetic resonance and switching properties in nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN FILMS; THIN-FILMS; ANISOTROPY; LINEWIDTH; MEDIA; FIELD AB We report on the effect roughness has on the magnetic properties of Co/Ni multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy. We can systematically vary the surface roughness and grain size by the variation in the Cu seed layer thickness. The roughness has a significant effect on the lateral anisotropy variation across the material, which was studied through the size dependence of the switching field and switching field distribution in nanostructures. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements show a large dependence of the linewidth on the topography. However, only the inhomogeneous linewidth broadening varied significantly with roughness with little to no effect on the intrinsic damping parameter of alpha=0.015-0.018. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3506688] C1 [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM justin.shaw@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Gastelois, Pedro/F-3891-2012; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 093922 DI 10.1063/1.3506688 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900095 ER PT J AU Wisbey, DS Gao, JS Vissers, MR da Silva, FCS Kline, JS Vale, L Pappas, DP AF Wisbey, David S. Gao, Jiansong Vissers, Michael R. da Silva, Fabio C. S. Kline, Jeffrey S. Vale, Leila Pappas, David P. TI Effect of metal/substrate interfaces on radio-frequency loss in superconducting coplanar waveguides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY; QUBITS AB Microscopic two-level systems (TLSs) are known to contribute to loss in resonant superconducting microwave circuits. This loss increases at low power and temperatures as the TLSs become unsaturated. We find that the loss is dependent on both the substrate-superconductor interface and the roughness of the surfaces. A native, oxide-free interface reduced the loss due to TLSs. However, a rough surface in the CPW gap did not cause more TLS loss, but the overall loss was significantly increased for the roughest surfaces. [doi:10.1063/1.3499608] C1 [Wisbey, David S.; Gao, Jiansong; Vissers, Michael R.; da Silva, Fabio C. S.; Kline, Jeffrey S.; Vale, Leila; Pappas, David P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wisbey, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.pappas@boulder.nist.gov FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) FX We acknowledge important discussions with Kevin Osborn, John Martinis, and Ben Mazin. This research was funded in part by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). All statements of fact, opinion or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the official views or policies of IARPA, the ODNI, or the U.S. Government. This work is a contribution of the U.S. Government, not subject to copyright in the U.S. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 093918 DI 10.1063/1.3499608 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900091 ER PT J AU Xu, D Sriram, V Ozolins, V Yang, JM Tu, KN Stafford, GR Beauchamp, C AF Xu, Di Sriram, Vinay Ozolins, Vidvuds Yang, Jenn-Ming Tu, K. N. Stafford, Gery R. Beauchamp, Carlos TI In situ measurements of stress evolution for nanotwin formation during pulse electrodeposition of copper (vol 105, 023521, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Xu, Di; Sriram, Vinay; Ozolins, Vidvuds; Yang, Jenn-Ming; Tu, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Stafford, Gery R.; Beauchamp, Carlos] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dixu@ucla.edu RI Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 099901 DI 10.1063/1.3503174 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900164 ER PT J AU Karion, A Sweeney, C Tans, P Newberger, T AF Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm Tans, Pieter Newberger, Timothy TI AirCore: An Innovative Atmospheric Sampling System SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2; AIRCRAFT; CH4; N2O; AIR; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT AB This work describes the Air Core, a simple and innovative atmospheric sampling system. The AirCore used in this study is a 150-m-long stainless steel tube, open at one end and closed at the other, that relies on positive changes in ambient pressure for passive sampling of the atmosphere. The Air Core evacuates while ascending to a high altitude and collects a sample of the ambient air as it descends. It is sealed upon recovery and measured with a continuous analyzer for trace gas mole fraction. The Air Core tubing can be shaped into a variety of configurations to accommodate any sampling platform; for the testing done in this work it was shaped into a 0,75-m-diameter coil. Measurements of CO(2) and CH(4) mole fractions in laboratory tests indicate a repeatability and lack of bias to better than 0.07 ppm (one sigma) for CO, and 0.4 ppb for CH(4) under various conditions. Comparisons of AirCore data with flask data from aircraft flights indicate a standard deviation of differences of 0.3 ppm and 5 ppb for CO(2) and CH(4), respectively, with no apparent bias. Accounting for longitudinal mixing, the expected measurement resolution for CO2 is 110 m at sea level, 260 m at 8000 m. and 1500 m at 20 000 m ASL after 3 h of storage, decreasing to 170, 390, and 2300 m, after 12 h. Validation tests confirm that the AirCore is a robust sampling device for many species on a variety of platforms, including balloons, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and aircraft. C1 [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Tans, Pieter] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Newberger, Timothy] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Karion, A (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM anna.karion@noaa.gov FU NASA through KalScott Engineering [NNX09CC18P] FX We thank Kelly Loving for her assistance in performing laboratory tests. This work was partially funded by NASA Contract NNX09CC18P through a subcontract from KalScott Engineering. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1839 EP 1853 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1448.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680PX UT WOS:000284248000004 ER PT J AU Reinoso-Rondinel, R Yu, TY Torres, S AF Reinoso-Rondinel, Ricardo Yu, Tian-You Torres, Sebastian TI Multifunction Phased-Array Radar: Time Balance Scheduler for Adaptive Weather Sensing SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL MOMENT; WSR-88D; PRIORITIZATION; TRACKING; SIGNAL AB Phased-array radars (PARs) have the capability of instantaneously and dynamically controlling beam position on a pulse-by-pulse basis, which allows a single radar to perform multiple functions, such as tracking multiple storms or weather and aviation surveillance. Moreover, these tasks can be carried out with different update times to achieve the goal of better characterizing and forecasting the storms of interest. However, these tasks usually compete for finite radar resources, and scheduling algorithms are often needed to address resource contention. To capitalize on the PAR capabilities, an algorithm based on the concept of time balance (TB) is developed for adaptive weather sensing. Two quality measures are introduced to quantify the gain of adaptive sensing relative to standard scanning patterns used by the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). A simulation experiment is performed to demonstrate the advantages of adaptive sensing and to test and verify the performance of the TB scheduling algorithm. It is shown that the gain of adaptive sensing can be realized by the TB scheduler: that is, storms of interest can be revisited more frequently within a relatively short period time compared to conventional scanning. C1 [Reinoso-Rondinel, Ricardo; Yu, Tian-You; Torres, Sebastian] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Reinoso-Rondinel, Ricardo; Yu, Tian-You; Torres, Sebastian] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Torres, Sebastian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Torres, Sebastian] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Reinoso-Rondinel, R (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Room 5900,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM rein3@ou.edu FU NOAA/NSSL [NA17RJ1227]; DOD, EPSCoR [N00014-06-1-0590] FX This work was primarily supported by NOAA/NSSL under Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. Part of this work was supported by DOD, EPSCoR Grant N00014-06-1-0590. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1854 EP 1867 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1420.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680PX UT WOS:000284248000005 ER PT J AU Hood, K Torres, S Palmer, R AF Hood, Kenta Torres, Sebastian Palmer, Robert TI Automatic Detection of Wind Turbine Clutter for Weather Radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; SPECTRA AB Wind turbines cause contamination of weather radar signals that is often detrimental and difficult to distinguish from cloud returns. Because the turbines are always at the same location, it would seem simple to identify where wind turbine clutter (WTC) contaminates the weather radar data. However, under certain atmospheric conditions, anomalous propagation of the radar beam can occur such that WTC corrupts weather data on constantly evolving locations, or WTC can be relatively weak such that contamination on predetermined locations does not occur. Because of the deficiency of using turbine locations as a proxy for WTC, an effective detection algorithm is proposed to perform automatic flagging of contaminated weather radar data, which can then be censored or filtered. Thus, harmful effects can be reduced that may propagate to automatic algorithms or may hamper the forecaster's ability to issue timely warnings. In this work, temporal and spectral features related to WTC signatures are combined in a fuzzy logic algorithm to classify the radar return as being contaminated by WTC or not. The performance of the algorithm is quantified using simulations and the algorithm is applied to a real data case from the radar facility in Dodge City, Kansas (KDDC). The results illustrate that WTC contamination can be detected automatically, thereby improving the quality control of weather radar data. C1 [Hood, Kenta] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hood, Kenta; Torres, Sebastian; Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Torres, Sebastian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Torres, Sebastian] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Torres, S (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM sebastian.torres@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions and the Radar Operations Center of the National Weather Service for their work in studying the impacts of WTC and their assistance in carrying out experiments to collect WTC data. Additional thanks go to Khoi Le and Boon Leng Cheong for their work in simulating WTC; Brad Isom, who prepared and provided the Dodge City, Kansas, radar data; and Feng Nai for his comments regarding the analysis of the results. Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1868 EP 1880 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1437.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680PX UT WOS:000284248000006 ER PT J AU Dash, P Ignatov, A Kihai, Y Sapper, J AF Dash, Prasanjit Ignatov, Alexander Kihai, Yury Sapper, John TI The SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; IN-SITU; MATCHUP DATABASE; SKIN TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION DATA; REAL-TIME; SATELLITE; ACCURACY AB The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) has been operationally generating sea surface temperature (SST) products (T(S)) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) onboard NOAA and MetOp-A satellites since the early 1980s. Customarily, T(S) are validated against in situ SSTs. However, in situ data are sparse and are not available globally in near real time (NRT). This study describes a complementary SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM), which employs global level 4 (L4) SST fields as a reference standard (T(R)) and performs statistical analyses of the differences Delta T(S) = T(S) - T(R). The results are posted online in NRT. The T(S) data that are analyzed are the heritage National Environmental Satellite, Data. and Information Service (NESDIS) SST products from NOAA-16, -17, -18, and -19 and MetOp-A from 2001 to the present. The T(R) fields include daily Reynolds, real-time global (RTG), Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA), and Ocean Data Analysis System for Marine Environment and Security for the European Area (MERSEA) (ODYSSEA) analyses. Using multiple fields facilitates the distinguishing of artifacts in satellite SSTs from those in the L4 products. Global distributions of Delta T(S) are mapped and their histograms are analyzed for proximity to Gaussian shape. Outliers are handled using robust statistics, and the Gaussian parameters are trended in time to monitor SST products for stability and consistency. Additional T(S) checks are performed to identify retrieval artifacts by plotting Delta T(S) versus observational parameters. Cross-platform T(S) biases are evaluated using double differences, and cross-L4 T(R) differences are assessed using Hovmoller diagrams. SQUAM results compare well with the customary in situ validation. All satellite products show a high degree of self- and cross-platform consistency, except for NOAA-16, which has flown close to the terminator in recent years and whose AVHRR is unstable. C1 [Dash, Prasanjit] NOAA, CSU, CIRA Res Scientist 2, NESDIS,STAR,WWB,Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Dash, Prasanjit] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospheres, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kihai, Yury] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. [Sapper, John] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Satellite Data Proc & Distribut, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Dash, P (reprint author), NOAA, CSU, CIRA Res Scientist 2, NESDIS,STAR,WWB,Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Room 601-1,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM prasanjit.dash@noaa.gov RI Dash, Prasanjit/F-5582-2010; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU Product System Development and Implementation program; Internal Government Studies; GOES-R Algorithm Working Group FX This work was supported by the Product System Development and Implementation program managed by the NESDIS Office of Systems Development, by the Internal Government Studies managed by the NPOESS Integrated Program Office, and by the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group. We thank members of the SST Team (F. Xu, X. Liang, B. Petrenko, N. Shabanov, J. Stroup, and D. Frey) for helpful discussions and constructive feedback. P. Dash acknowledges the CIRA visiting scientist fellowship. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1899 EP 1917 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHO756.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680PX UT WOS:000284248000009 ER PT J AU Zou, CZ Wang, WH AF Zou, Cheng-Zhi Wang, Wenhui TI Stability of the MSU-Derived Atmospheric Temperature Trend SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE; CONSTRUCTION; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; CHANNEL-2 AB Warm target effect and diurnal drift errors are the main sources of uncertainties in the trend determination from the NOAA Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) observations. Currently, there are two methods to correct the warm target effect: 1) finding a best root-level (level-1c) calibration nonlinearity using simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) matchups to minimize this effect for each scene radiance, and 2) finding a best-fit empirical relationship between the correction term of the end-level gridded brightness temperature and warm target temperature and then removing the best fit from the unadjusted time series. The former corrects the warm target effect before the diurnal drift adjustment and provides more accurate, warm target effect-minimized, level-1c scene radiances for reanalysis applications. The latter corrects the warm target effect at the end-level merging step, which depend on the diurnal drift correction that occurred at a previous step. Although minimized, the first method still leaves small residual warm target-related errors due to imperfect calibrations. This study demonstrates that when the diurnal drift effect is negligible, a combination of the two methods completely removes warm target effect and produces an invariant trend that is independent of the level-1c calibration in the SNO framework. The conclusion is directly applicable to the MSU channel-2 oceanic midtropospheric temperature (T-2) and global channel-3 upper-tropospheric temperature (T-3) and channel-4 lower-stratospheric temperature (T-4), which satisfy the condition of negligible diurnal drift effect. On the basis of these results, version 1.2 of the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)-Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) multisatellite MSU time series was constructed, including all T-2, T-3, and T-4 products. In addition, a diurnal drift correction based on the Remote Sensing Systems diurnal anomalies was applied to the T-2 product, which produces consistent climate trends between land and ocean. The global long-term climate trends for T-2 and T-4 derived from the STAR V1.2 dataset are, respectively, 0.18 +/- 0.05 and -0.39 +/- 0.36 K decade(-1) during 1979-2006; the T-3 trend is 0.11 +/- 0.08 K decade(-1) for 1981-2006. C1 [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Wenhui] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, NOAA Sci Ctr, Room 712,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM cheng-zhi.zou@noaa.gov RI Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1960 EP 1971 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1333.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680PX UT WOS:000284248000013 ER PT J AU Kang, JW Diky, V Chirico, RD Magee, JW Muzny, CD Abdulagatov, I Kazakov, AF Frenkel, M AF Kang, Jeong Won Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Magee, Joseph W. Muzny, Chris D. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin Kazakov, Andrei F. Frenkel, Michael TI Comment on "Quality Assessment Algorithm for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Kang, J. W.; Diky, V.; Chirico, R. D.; Magee, J. W.; Muzny, C. D.; Abdulagatov, I.; Kazakov, AF; Frenkel, M. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2010, 55, 3631-3640) Reply SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Magee, Joseph W.; Muzny, Chris D.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kang, Jeong Won] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@jced.acs.org RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Kang, Jeongwon/F-7010-2013 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Kang, Jeongwon/0000-0002-5161-1122 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 11 BP 5395 EP 5395 DI 10.1021/je100942r PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 677UP UT WOS:000284017600141 ER PT J AU Kelly, KA Small, RJ Samelson, RM Qiu, B Joyce, TM Kwon, YO Cronin, MF AF Kelly, Kathryn A. Small, R. Justin Samelson, R. M. Qiu, Bo Joyce, Terrence M. Kwon, Young-Oh Cronin, Meghan F. TI Western Boundary Currents and Frontal Air-Sea Interaction: Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL MODE WATER; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; NORTHERN RECIRCULATION GYRE; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; STORM-TRACKS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DECADAL VARIABILITY; HEAT-TRANSPORT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; STRATIFORM CLOUDINESS AB In the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude western boundary current (WBC) systems there is a complex interaction between dynamics and thermodynamics and between atmosphere and ocean. Their potential contribution to the climate system motivated major parallel field programs in both the North Pacific [Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS)] and the North Atlantic [ Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Mode Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE)], and preliminary observations and analyses from these programs highlight that complexity. The Gulf Stream (GS) in the North Atlantic and the Kuroshio Extension (KE) in the North Pacific have broad similarities, as subtropical gyre WBCs, but they also have significant differences, which affect the regional air-sea exchange processes and their larger-scale interactions. The 15-yr satellite altimeter data record, which provides a rich source of information, is combined here with the longer historical record from in situ data to describe and compare the current systems. While many important similarities have been noted on the dynamic and thermodynamic aspects of the time-varyingGS and KE, some not-so-subtle differences exist in current variability, mode water properties, and recirculation gyre structure. This paper provides a comprehensive comparison of these two current systems from both dynamical and thermodynamical perspectives with the goal of developing and evaluating hypotheses about the physics underlying the observed differences, and exploring the WBC's potential to influence midlatitude sea-air interaction. Differences between the GS and KE systems offer opportunities to compare the dominant processes and thereby to advance understanding of their role in the climate system. C1 [Kelly, Kathryn A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Small, R. Justin] USN, Jacobs Technol, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Samelson, R. M.] Oregon State Univ, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Qiu, Bo] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Joyce, Terrence M.; Kwon, Young-Oh] WHOI, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. RP Kelly, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, POB 355640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kkelly@apl.washington.edu RI Kwon, Young-Oh/C-2190-2008; Qiu, Bo/D-9569-2017 OI Kwon, Young-Oh/0000-0002-1241-2817; FU NASA [1267196, NNX08AR30G, 1207881]; NSF [OCE-0424912, OCE-0424516, OCE-0220680, OCE-0424865]; WHOI Ocean Climate Change Institute FX KAK was supported by NASA Contracts 1267196 and NNX08AR30G and by NSF Grant OCE-0424912 (CLIMODE). RMS was supported by NSF Grant OCE-0424516. BQ was supported by NSF Grant OCE-0220680 and by NASA Contract 1207881. TJ was supported by NSF Grant OCE-0424865. Y-OK was supported by the Claudia Heyman Fellowship of the WHOI Ocean Climate Change Institute. NR 100 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 21 BP 5644 EP 5667 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3346.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 683HG UT WOS:000284463700006 ER PT J AU Kanzow, T Cunningham, SA Johns, WE Hirschi, JJM Marotzke, J Baringer, MO Meinen, CS Chidichimo, MP Atkinson, C Beal, LM Bryden, HL Collins, J AF Kanzow, T. Cunningham, S. A. Johns, W. E. Hirschi, J. J. -M. Marotzke, J. Baringer, M. O. Meinen, C. S. Chidichimo, M. P. Atkinson, C. Beal, L. M. Bryden, H. L. Collins, J. TI Seasonal Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5 degrees N SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN HEAT-TRANSPORT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ROSSBY WAVES; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; MASS TRANSPORTS; FLORIDA CURRENT; BOTTOM WATER AB The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) makes the strongest oceanic contribution to the meridional redistribution of heat. Here, an observation-based, 48-month-long time series of the vertical structure and strength of the AMOC at 26.5 degrees N is presented. From April 2004 to April 2008, the AMOC had a mean strength of 18.7 +/- 2.1 Sv (1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) with fluctuations of 4.8 Sv rms. The best guess of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the AMOC seasonal cycle is 6.7 Sv, with a maximum strength in autumn and a minimum in spring. While seasonality in the AMOC was commonly thought to be dominated by the northward Ekman transport, this study reveals that fluctuations of the geostrophic midocean and Gulf Stream transports of 2.2 and 1.7 Sv rms, respectively, are substantially larger than those of the Ekman component (1.2 Sv rms). A simple model based on linear dynamics suggests that the seasonal cycle is dominated by wind stress curl forcing at the eastern boundary of the Atlantic. Seasonal geostrophic AMOC anomalies might represent an important and previously underestimated component of meridional transport and storage of heat in the subtropical North Atlantic. There is evidence that the seasonal cycle observed here is representative of much longer intervals. Previously, hydrographic snapshot estimates between 1957 and 2004 had suggested a long-term decline of the AMOC by 8 Sv. This study suggests that aliasing of seasonal AMOC anomalies might have accounted for a large part of the inferred slowdown. C1 [Kanzow, T.] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Kanzow, T.; Cunningham, S. A.; Hirschi, J. J. -M.; Atkinson, C.; Bryden, H. L.] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean Observat & Climate Grp, Southampton, Hants, England. [Johns, W. E.; Beal, L. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Marotzke, J.; Chidichimo, M. P.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Baringer, M. O.; Meinen, C. S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Collins, J.] British Oceanog Data Ctr, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Kanzow, T (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM tkanzow@ifm-geomar.de RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Hirschi, Joel/F-5631-2013; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Hirschi, Joel/0000-0003-1481-3697; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Chidichimo, Maria Paz/0000-0002-4745-9017 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [880 NER/T/S/2002/00481]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [0728108]; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NOAA Office of Climate Observation FX The authors thank the captains and crews of the R/Vs Charles Darwin, Discovery, Ronald H. Brown, Knorr, Poseidon, and Seward Johnson; and the UKORS, RSMAS, and AOML mooring and hydrography teams. The mooring operations have been supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID program, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant 0728108, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Western Boundary Time Series program. The Florida Current cable data are made freely available by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (available online at www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent/) and are funded by the NOAA Office of Climate Observation. The wind stress data were obtained from CERSAT at IFREMER, Plouzane (France). We thank Darren Rayner (NOCS) for coordinating the U.K. seagoing activities and for leading the mooring data recovery. Two of the authors (TK and JJMH) were supported in the framework of the NERC-funded Rapid Climate Change Program (Grant 880 NER/T/S/2002/00481). We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their detailed criticism, which led to significant improvement of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 21 BP 5678 EP 5698 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3389.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 683HG UT WOS:000284463700008 ER PT J AU Rawlins, MA Steele, M Holland, MM Adam, JC Cherry, JE Francis, JA Groisman, PY Hinzman, LD Huntington, TG Kane, DL Kimball, JS Kwok, R Lammers, RB Lee, CM Lettenmaier, DP McDonald, KC Podest, E Pundsack, JW Rudels, B Serreze, MC Shiklomanov, A Skagseth, O Troy, TJ Vorosmarty, CJ Wensnahan, M Wood, EF Woodgate, R Yang, DQ Zhang, K Zhang, TJ AF Rawlins, Michael A. Steele, Michael Holland, Marika M. Adam, Jennifer C. Cherry, Jessica E. Francis, Jennifer A. Groisman, Pavel Ya. Hinzman, Larry D. Huntington, Thomas G. Kane, Douglas L. Kimball, John S. Kwok, Ron Lammers, Richard B. Lee, Craig M. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. McDonald, Kyle C. Podest, Erika Pundsack, Jonathan W. Rudels, Bert Serreze, Mark C. Shiklomanov, Alexander Skagseth, Oystein Troy, Tara J. Voeroesmarty, Charles J. Wensnahan, Mark Wood, Eric F. Woodgate, Rebecca Yang, Daqing Zhang, Ke Zhang, Tingjun TI Analysis of the Arctic System for Freshwater Cycle Intensification: Observations and Expectations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MACKENZIE RIVER-BASIN; MOORED CURRENT METERS; PAST 4 DECADES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; ATLANTIC INFLOW; BEAUFORT GYRE; HEAT FLUXES AB Hydrologic cycle intensification is an expected manifestation of a warming climate. Although positive trends in several global average quantities have been reported, no previous studies have documented broad intensification across elements of the Arctic freshwater cycle (FWC). In this study, the authors examine the character and quantitative significance of changes in annual precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge across the terrestrial pan-Arctic over the past several decades from observations and a suite of coupled general circulation models (GCMs). Trends in freshwater flux and storage derived from observations across the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas are also described. With few exceptions, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge fluxes from observations and the GCMs exhibit positive trends. Significant positive trends above the 90% confidence level, however, are not present for all of the observations. Greater confidence in the GCM trends arises through lower interannual variability relative to trend magnitude. Put another way, intrinsic variability in the observations tends to limit confidence in trend robustness. Ocean fluxes are less certain, primarily because of the lack of long-term observations. Where available, salinity and volume flux data suggest some decrease in saltwater inflow to the Barents Sea (i.e., a decrease in freshwater outflow) in recent decades. A decline in freshwater storage across the central Arctic Ocean and suggestions that large-scale circulation plays a dominant role in freshwater trends raise questions as to whether Arctic Ocean freshwater flows are intensifying. Although oceanic fluxes of freshwater are highly variable and consistent trends are difficult to verify, the other components of the Arctic FWC do show consistent positive trends over recent decades. The broad-scale increases provide evidence that the Arctic FWCis experiencing intensification. Efforts that aim to develop an adequate observation system are needed to reduce uncertainties and to detect and document ongoing changes in all system components for further evidence of Arctic FWC intensification. C1 [Rawlins, Michael A.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Steele, Michael; Wensnahan, Mark; Woodgate, Rebecca] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Holland, Marika M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Adam, Jennifer C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cherry, Jessica E.; Hinzman, Larry D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Francis, Jennifer A.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Highlands, NJ USA. [Groisman, Pavel Ya.] UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Huntington, Thomas G.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA. [Kane, Douglas L.; Yang, Daqing] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst No Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Kimball, John S.; Zhang, Ke] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kwok, Ron; McDonald, Kyle C.; Podest, Erika] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lammers, Richard B.; Pundsack, Jonathan W.; Shiklomanov, Alexander] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Water Syst Anal Grp, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lee, Craig M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Ocean Phys Dept, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Rudels, Bert] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [Rudels, Bert] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Serreze, Mark C.; Zhang, Tingjun] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Skagseth, Oystein] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Skagseth, Oystein] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Troy, Tara J.; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Voeroesmarty, Charles J.] CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Rawlins, MA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rawlins@geo.umass.edu RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Zhang, Ke/B-3227-2012; Hinzman, Larry/B-3309-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Shiklomanov, Alexander/C-5521-2014; OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; Zhang, Ke/0000-0001-5288-9372; Hinzman, Larry/0000-0002-5878-6814; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Troy, Tara/0000-0001-5366-0633; Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 FU National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs; NASA [NNG06GE43G, NNH04AA66I, NNH08AI57I, NNX08AN58G]; NSF [ARC-0531040, ARC-0531302, ARC-0612062, ARC-0629471, ARC-0632154, ARC-0632231, ARC-0633885, ARC-0652838, ARC-0805789, OPP-0229705, OPP-0230083, OPP-0230211, OPP-0230381, OPP-0328686, OPP-0335941, OPP-0352754]; New Hampshire Space Grant Consortium FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs through the Freshwater Integration Project and from NASA's Cryosphere Program. Funding was provided through NSF Grants ARC-0531040, ARC-0531302, ARC-0612062, ARC-0629471, ARC-0632154, ARC-0632231, ARC-0633885, ARC-0652838, ARC-0805789, OPP-0229705, OPP-0230083, OPP-0230211, OPP-0230381, OPP-0328686, OPP-0335941, and OPP-0352754 and NASA Grants NNG06GE43G, NNH04AA66I, NNH08AI57I, and NNX08AN58G. The lead author was supported by fellowships from the NASA Postdoctoral Program and the New Hampshire Space Grant Consortium. Portions of this work were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 154 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 21 BP 5715 EP 5737 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 683HG UT WOS:000284463700010 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Arkin, PA Sapiano, MRP Chang, CY AF Smith, Thomas M. Arkin, Phillip A. Sapiano, Mathew R. P. Chang, Ching-Yee TI Merged Statistical Analyses of Historical Monthly Precipitation Anomalies Beginning 1900 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; DATASET; CYCLE AB A monthly reconstruction of precipitation beginning in 1900 is presented. The reconstruction resolves interannual and longer time scales and spatial scales larger than 58 over both land and oceans. Because of different land and ocean data availability, the reconstruction combines two separate historical reconstructions. One analyzes interannual variations directly by fitting gauge-based anomalies to large-scale spatial modes. This direct reconstruction is used for land anomalies and interannual oceanic anomalies. The other analyzes annual and longer variations indirectly from correlations with analyzed sea surface temperature and sea level pressure. This indirect reconstruction is used for oceanic variations with time scales longer than interannual. In addition, a method of estimating reconstruction errors is also presented. Over land the reconstruction is a filtered representation of the gauge data with data gaps filled. Over oceans the reconstruction gives an estimate of the atmospheric response to changing temperature and pressure, combined with interannual variations. The reconstruction makes it possible to evaluate global precipitation variations for periods much longer than the satellite period, which begins in 1979. Evaluations show some large-scale similarities with coupled model precipitation variations over the twentieth century, including an increasing tendency over the century. The reconstructed land and sea trends tend to be out of phase at low latitudes, similar to the out-of-phase relationship for interannual variations. This reconstruction may be used for climate monitoring, for statistical climate studies of the twentieth century, and for helping to evaluate dynamic climate models. In the future the possibility of improving the reconstruction will be explored by further improving the analysis methods and including additional data. C1 [Smith, Thomas M.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SCSB, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.; Arkin, Phillip A.; Sapiano, Mathew R. P.] Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chang, Ching-Yee] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SCSB, 5825 Univ Res Ct,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies (NOAA) [NA17EC1483] FX We thank several centers for making their data easily available for this study, including the National Climatic Data Center for the GHCN and SST data, NASA for the GPCP, the Deutscher Wetterdienst for the GPCC, the University of East Anglia for the CRU, and the Met Office Hadley Centre for the SLP data (available online at www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs). We also thank R. Vose and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. This project is supported in part by the Climate Change Data and Diagnostic program element of the NOAA Climate Program Office and the Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies (NOAA Grant NA17EC1483). The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 21 BP 5755 EP 5770 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3530.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 683HG UT WOS:000284463700012 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ AF Powell, C. J. TI Recommended Auger-electron kinetic energies for 42 elemental solids SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectroscopy; Auger energies; Elemental solids ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETERS; SURFACE CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ISO/TC-201 STANDARD; CALIBRATION; SPECTRA; AES; REEVALUATION; SELENIUM AB An analysis is presented of Auger-electron kinetic energies (KEs) from four data sources for 65 Auger transitions in 45 elemental solids For each data source a single instrument had been used to measure KEs for many elements In order to compare KEs from two sources it was necessary to recalibrate the energy scales of each instrument using recommended reference data Mean KEs are given for most of the Auger transitions for which there were at least two independent measurements and for which differences from the mean KEs were considered acceptably small In several cases comparisons were made to published KE data to resolve discrepancies We are able to recommend mean KEs for 59 Auger transitions from 42 elemental solids and to provide estimates of the uncertainties of these KEs This compilation should be useful for the determination of chemical shifts of Auger peaks in Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8370, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.05.012 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 687BU UT WOS:000284749600003 ER PT J AU Morrow, JB Arango, C Holbrook, RD AF Morrow, Jayne B. Arango P, Catalina Holbrook, R. David TI Association of Quantum Dot Nanoparticles with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOFILMS; POROUS-MEDIA; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; FOOD-WEB; ENVIRONMENT; DEFORMATION; MECHANISMS; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; PROTEINS AB Quantum dots (QDs) of two different surface chemistries (carboxyl [COOH] and polyethylene glycol [PEG] modified) were utilized to determine the impact of surface functionality on QD mobility and distribution in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was utilized to evaluate QD association with biofilm components (proteins, cells, and polysaccharides). Quantum dots did not preferentially associate with cell surfaces compared but did colocalize with extracellular proteins in the biofilm matrix. Neither PEG nor COOH QDs were found to be internalized by individual bacterial cells. Neither QD functionality nor flow rate of QD application (0.3 mL min(-1) or 3.0 mL min(-1)) resulted in a marked difference in QD association with I? aeruginosa biofilms. However, center of density determinations indicated COOH QDs could more easily penetrate the biofilm matrix by diffusion than PEG QDs. Biofilms with PEG QDs associated had rougher polysaccharide layers and rougher cell distribution than biofilms with COOH QDs. This work suggests natural biofilms may serve as deposition locations in natural and engineered environmental systems, and biofilm structural parameters may change based on exposure to nanomaterials of varied physical characteristics. C1 [Morrow, Jayne B.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Arango P, Catalina] Univ Connecticut, Dep Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Surface & Microanal Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Morrow, JB (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM jmorrow@nist.gov NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1934 EP 1941 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0455 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200007 PM 21284290 ER PT J AU Sharma, R Liermann, M AF Sharma, R. Liermann, M. TI Using hierarchical models to estimate effects of ocean anomalies on north-west Pacific Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha recruitment SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; climate change; meta-analysis; productivity; Ricker; sea surface temperature ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; SURVIVAL; CLIMATE; KISUTCH; RIVER; RATES AB The high variability in survival over the past three decades of north-west Pacific Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is summarized for 24 stocks and analysed using hierarchical Bayesian models. Results from a simple model indicate that recruitment anomalies appear to be correlated in time and space. A simple model with a covariate based on basin-scale effects (Pacific Decadal Oscillation and El Nino Southern Oscillation) and local-scale effects (sea surface temperature, SST anomaly) was introduced to explain this variability. The model still exhibited residual patterns that were removed when a random-walk component was added to the model. The analysis indicates that recruitment is negatively related to SST anomaly for all stocks and the effect of basin-scale variables is negligible. The effect of climate over the next century is expected to result in estimated recruitment declining by an average of 13% for O. tshawytscha stocks coastwide. C1 [Sharma, R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Liermann, M.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, 729 NE Oregon St,Suite 200, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM shar@critfc.org FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) FX The authors would like to thank D. Graves [Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commision (CRITFC), Portland, OR] for generating the map in Fig. 1. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge C. Parken (Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada) for sharing the spawner-recruitment data with us, P. Roni (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) for reviewing this and two anonymous reviewers for very helpful reviews in improving the manuscript, as well as the Guest Editor, I. Winfield for making substantial effort in improving the clarity of this manuscript. Finally, the authors would like to thank Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) for providing partial funding for this work. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1948 EP 1963 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02779.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 681NC UT WOS:000284321600014 PM 21078100 ER PT J AU Atha, DH Manne, U Grizzle, WE Wagner, PD Srivastava, S Reipa, V AF Atha, Donald H. Manne, Upender Grizzle, William E. Wagner, Paul D. Srivastava, Sudhir Reipa, Vytas TI Standards for Immunohistochemical Imaging: A Protein Reference Device for Biomarker Quantitation SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE p53; immunohistochemistry; standards; cancer biomarker quantitation; molecular imaging; protein immobilization; spectroscopy; microscopy ID STORED PARAFFIN SLIDES; STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; MARKER-IMMUNOSTAINING INTENSITY; P53 POINT MUTATIONS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; NUCLEAR ACCUMULATION; COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; SILICON NANOPARTICLES; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY AB We are developing a reference device to be used in the validation of immunohistochemical imaging of biomarkers by microscopy. The prototype device consists of p53 protein immobilized at various concentrations on a glass slide. The device is designed as a reference control to be used with assays that incorporate commercially available anti-p53 antibodies. p53 protein was characterized by mass spectrometry and covalently immobilized through amide linkage to the (3-aminopropyl)trietoxysilane-modified glass surface. This procedure is reproducible and provides a chemically stable product in high yield. The surface-bound protein was shown to be immunoreactive by its specific interaction with anti-p53 antibody (Ab) and detection by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Also, comparison was made with microscopic images of Ab-stained tissue samples, known to stain positive for p53. Further development will be required to establish accurate surface protein concentrations in the range required for specific clinical applications. (J Histochem Cytochem 58:1005-1014, 2010) C1 [Atha, Donald H.; Reipa, Vytas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Manne, Upender; Grizzle, William E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Wagner, Paul D.; Srivastava, Sudhir] NCI, Canc Prevent Div, Rockville, MD USA. RP Atha, DH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Bldg 227,Room A243,Mail Stop 8311,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.atha@nist.gov FU National Cancer Institute-Early Detection Research Network (EDRN); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-Biochemical Science Division [YI-CN5001]; EDRN Reference Laboratory at UAB [5U24CA086359-10] FX This work was funded in part by National Cancer Institute-Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-Biochemical Science Division jointly under interagency agreement no. YI-CN5001 and by the EDRN Reference Laboratory at UAB (5U24CA086359-10). NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1005 EP 1014 DI 10.1369/jhc.2010.956342 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 666JV UT WOS:000283111900006 PM 20805583 ER PT J AU Altman, WR Moreland, J Russek, SE Bright, VM AF Altman, Wendy R. Moreland, John Russek, Stephen E. Bright, Victor M. TI Optimization of spin-valve parameters for magnetic bead trapping and manipulation SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Spin-valve; Magnetic bead; Microfluidic; Magnetic manipulation; Switchable magnetic trap ID DETECTION SYSTEM; NANOPARTICLES; SEPARATOR; SENSORS; DEVICES AB Magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements were used to measure the switching characteristics of spin-valve (SV) arrays currently being developed to trap and release superparamagnetic beads within a fluid medium. The effect of SV size on switching observed by MOKE showed that a 1 mu mx8 mu m SV element was found to have optimal switching characteristics. MR measurements on a single 1 mu mx8 mu m SV switched with either an external applied magnetic field or a local magnetic field generated by an integrated write wire (current density ranging from 10(6) to 10(7) A/cm(2)) confirmed the MOKE findings. The 1 mu mx8 mu m SV low field switching was observed to be +8 and -2 mT with two stable states at zero field; the high field switching was observed to be -18 mT. The low switching fields and the large magnetic moment of the SV trap along with our observation of minimal magnetostatic effects for dense arrays are necessary design characteristics for high-force, switchable-magnet, microfluidic bead trap applications (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Altman, Wendy R.; Moreland, John; Russek, Stephen E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Altman, Wendy R.; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Altman, WR (reprint author), NIST, MS 818-03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wendy.krauser@colorado.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 322 IS 21 BP 3236 EP 3239 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.05.043 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 640OR UT WOS:000281061400003 ER PT J AU Anderson, CR Sapiano, MRP Prasad, MBK Long, W Tango, PJ Brown, CW Murtugudde, R AF Anderson, Clarissa R. Sapiano, Mathew R. P. Prasad, M. Bala Krishna Long, Wen Tango, Peter J. Brown, Christopher W. Murtugudde, Raghu TI Predicting potentially toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Algal blooms; Domoic acid; Amnesic shellfish poisoning; Diatoms; Prediction; Regression analysis; Chesapeake Bay ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; KARENIA-BREVIS; AUSTRALIS BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; SILICATE LIMITATION; ECOSYSTEM MODEL AB Harmful algal blooms are now recognized as a significant threat to the Chesapeake Bay as they can severely compromise the economic viability of important recreational and commercial fisheries in the largest estuary of the United States This study describes the development of empirical models for the potentially domoic acid producing Pseudo-nitzschia species complex present in the Bay developed from a 22-year time series of cell abundance and concurrent measurements of hydrographic and chemical properties Using a logistic Generalized Linear Model (GLM) approach model parameters and performance were compared over a range of Pseudo nitzschia bloom thresholds relevant to toxin production by different species Small threshold blooms (>= 10cells mL(-1)) are explained by time of year location and variability in surface values of phosphate temperature nitrate plus nitrite and freshwater discharge Medium (100 cells mL(-1)) to large-threshold (1000 cells mL(-1)) blooms are further explained by salinity silicic acid dissolved organic carbon and light attenuation (Secchi) depth These predictors are similar to other models for Pseudo nitzschia blooms on the west coast suggesting commonalities across ecosystems Hindcasts of bloom probabilities at a 19% bloom prediction point yield a Heidke Skill Score of similar to 53% a Probability of Detection similar to 75% a False Alarm Ratio of similar to 52% and a Probability of False Detection similar to 9% The implication of possible future changes in Baywide nutrient stoichiometry on Pseudo-nitzschia blooms is discussed (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved C1 [Anderson, Clarissa R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Anderson, Clarissa R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sapiano, Mathew R. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sapiano, Mathew R. P.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Long, Wen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Tango, Peter J.] US Environm Protect Agcy, US Geol Survey, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Brown, Christopher W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, CICS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Anderson, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU National Research Council; NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) FX This study was funded by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship to C R.A. sponsored by the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) with additional support from NOAA MERHAB Award (PI CW B) and the Chesapeake Bay Forecasting System project (PI It M) The authors gratefully acknowledge the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and USEPA Chesapeake Bay Program for contributing monitoring data and we are especially appreciative of the technical assistance provided by J Johnson B Cole M Naylor W Butler B Wind M Baith and J Beauchamps J lane D McGillicuddy and several anonymous reviewers provided comments which greatly improved the paper We give special thanks to A. Thessen for her innovative work on Pseudo-nitzschia ecophysiology in the Chesapeake Bay and for significant input to this manuscript NR 108 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.04.003 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 679SF UT WOS:000284180400004 ER PT J AU Glibert, PM Allen, JI Bouwman, AF Brown, CW Flynn, KJ Lewitus, AJ Madden, CJ AF Glibert, Patricia M. Allen, J. Icarus Bouwman, A. F. Brown, Christopher W. Flynn, Kevin J. Lewitus, Alan J. Madden, Christopher J. TI Modeling of HABs and eutrophication Status, advances, challenges SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Algal blooms; Land use; Algal physiology; Nutrient cycling; Forecasts ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; GLOBAL-MODEL; FLORIDA BAY; REACTIVE NITROGEN; NARRAGANSETT-BAY; SKILL ASSESSMENT; NUTRIENT EXPORT AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are often associated with eutrophication of coastal waters and estuaries However identifying quantitative relationships between nutrient Input and proliferation of specific algal species is very challenging and complex The complexity arises from the diversity of sources forms and fluxes of nutrients both exported into and cycled within the system the diversity of algal mechanisms for acquiring nutrients and the interaction of the target harmful species with other members of the food web Even more challenging is the development of forecasts and predictions both on the short term and on the long term Short term scales (days to weeks) are necessary for managers to prepare for and respond to events longer scales are needed to enable strategic planning to prevent HAB events mitigate their impacts or estimate the interactive effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change To address these needs the HAB modeling community will need to engage with climate scientists (assess climate change scenarios) marine ecologists (describe organism ecophysiology) invasive species experts watershed modelers and hydrologists (estimate future changes in the land derived inputs) and socio economists managers and policy makers (define future land use scenarios and to interpret results in a policy context) (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved C1 [Glibert, Patricia M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Allen, J. Icarus] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 5LT 3DH, Devon, England. [Bouwman, A. F.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Bouwman, A. F.] Univ Utrecht, Geochem Fac Geosci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Brown, Christopher W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Flynn, Kevin J.] Swansea Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Ecol, Inst Environm Sustainabil, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Lewitus, Alan J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Madden, Christopher J.] S Florida Water Management Dist Everglades Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33411 USA. RP Glibert, PM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, POB 775, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008; Bouwman, Lex/B-7053-2012; glibert, patricia/G-1026-2013; Bouwman, Lex/F-1444-2015; OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391; glibert, patricia/0000-0001-5690-1674; Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859; Flynn, Kevin/0000-0001-6913-5884 FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NOAA [NA06NOS4780039] FX This is a contribution of SCOR/LOICZ Working Group 132 and the GEOHAB Core Research Project on HABs and Eutrophication PMG and CJM were funded by the NOAA South Florida Program grant NA06NOS4780039 CWB was supported by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) The views opinions and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official NOM or U S Government position policy or decision This is contribution number 4374 from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science NR 121 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 262 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.05.004 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 679SF UT WOS:000284180400015 ER PT J AU Haynes, RJ Holden, MJ Kline, MC Butler, JM Mackay, W Wallace, P AF Haynes, R. J. Holden, M. J. Kline, M. C. Butler, J. M. Mackay, W. Wallace, P. TI NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM)2366 Cytomegalovirus DNA SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 18-20, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Haynes, R. J.; Holden, M. J.; Kline, M. C.; Butler, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mackay, W.; Wallace, P.] Qual Control Mol Diagnost, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 878 EP 878 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 677FE UT WOS:000283973700110 ER PT J AU Kline, MC Butler, JM AF Kline, M. C. Butler, J. M. TI Cautionary Considerations when Exploring Cell Lines as Potential Reference Materials SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology CY NOV 18-20, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Kline, M. C.; Butler, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 895 EP 895 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 677FE UT WOS:000283973700183 ER PT J AU Yetley, EA Pfeiffer, CM Schleicher, RL Phinney, KW Lacher, DA Christakos, S Eckfeldt, JH Fleet, JC Howard, G Hoofnagle, AN Hui, SL Lensmeyer, GL Massaro, J Peacock, M Rosner, B Wiebe, D Bailey, RL Coates, PM Looker, AC Sempos, C Johnson, CL Picciano, MF AF Yetley, Elizabeth A. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Phinney, Karen W. Lacher, David A. Christakos, Sylvia Eckfeldt, John H. Fleet, James C. Howard, George Hoofnagle, Andrew N. Hui, Siu L. Lensmeyer, Gary L. Massaro, Joseph Peacock, Munro Rosner, Bernard Wiebe, Donald Bailey, Regan L. Coates, Paul M. Looker, Anne C. Sempos, Christopher Johnson, Clifford L. Picciano, Mary Frances CA Vitamin D Roundtable NHANES TI NHANES Monitoring of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: A Roundtable Summary SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on NHANES Monitoring of Serum 25(OH)D - Assay Challenges and Options for Resolving Them CY JUL 27-28, 2009 CL Rockville, MD ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CIRCULATING 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; ASSAYS; ACCURACY; STANDARDIZATION; DISEASE; D-3 AB A roundtable to discuss monitoring of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in the NHANES was held in late July 2009. Topics included the following: 1) options for dealing with assay fluctuations in serum 25(OH)D in the NHANES conducted between 1988 and 2006; 2) approaches for transitioning between the RIA used in the NHANES between 1988 and 2006 to the liquid chromatography tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) measurement procedure to be used in NHANES 2007 and later; 31 approaches for integrating the recently available standard reference material for vitamin D in human serum (SAM 972) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) into the NHANES; 41 questions regarding whether the C-3 epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [3-epi-25(OH)D3] should be measured in NHANES 2007 and later; and 5) identification of research and educational needs. The roundtable experts agreed that the NHANES data needed to be adjusted to control for assay fluctuations and offered several options for addressing this issue. The experts suggested that the LC-MS/MS measurement procedure developed by NIST could serve as a higher order reference measurement procedure. They noted the need for a commutability study for the recently released NIST SRM 972 across a range of measurement procedures. They suggested that federal agencies and professional organizations work with manufacturers to improve the quality and comparability of measurement procedures across all laboratories. The experts noted the preliminary nature of the evidence of the 3-epi-25(OH)D3 but felt that it should be measured in 2007 NHANES and later. J. Nutr. 140: 2030S-2045S, 2010. C1 [Yetley, Elizabeth A.; Bailey, Regan L.; Coates, Paul M.; Sempos, Christopher; Picciano, Mary Frances] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Schleicher, Rosemary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lacher, David A.; Looker, Anne C.; Johnson, Clifford L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Christakos, Sylvia] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Eckfeldt, John H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fleet, James C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Howard, George] Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Hoofnagle, Andrew N.] Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hui, Siu L.; Peacock, Munro] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Lensmeyer, Gary L.] Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Clin Toxicol Lab, Madison, WI 53792 USA. [Massaro, Joseph] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Rosner, Bernard] Harvard Univ, Channing Lab, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02155 USA. [Wiebe, Donald] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Madison, WI 53792 USA. RP Yetley, EA (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM beth@yetley.com OI Fleet, James/0000-0002-0142-9517 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK038961, R01 DK038961-22] NR 40 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 140 IS 11 BP 2030S EP 2045S DI 10.3945/jn.110.121483 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 671RD UT WOS:000283525700020 PM 20881084 ER PT J AU Beron-Vera, FJ Olascoaga, MJ Goni, GJ AF Beron-Vera, Francisco J. Olascoaga, Maria J. Goni, Gustavo J. TI Surface Ocean Mixing Inferred from Different Multisatellite Altimetry Measurements SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; CHAOTIC FLOWS; 3-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; VELOCITY DATA; TRANSPORT; TOPEX/POSEIDON; CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE AB Two sea surface height (SSH) anomaly fields distributed by Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic (AVISO) Altimetry are evaluated in terms of the effects that they produce on mixing. One SSH anomaly field, tagged REF, is constructed using measurements made by two satellite altimeters; the other SSH anomaly field, tagged UPD, is constructed using measurements made by up to four satellite altimeters. Advection is supplied by surface geostrophic currents derived from the total SSH fields resulting from the addition of these SSH anomaly fields to a mean SSH field. Emphasis is placed on the extraction from the currents of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), which, acting as skeletons for patterns formed by passively advected tracers, entirely control mixing. The diagnostic tool employed to detect LCSs is provided by the computation of finite-time Lyapunov exponents. It is found that currents inferred using UPD SSH anomalies support mixing with characteristics similar to those of mixing produced by currents inferred using REF SSH anomalies. This result mainly follows from the fact that, being more easily characterized as chaotic than turbulent, mixing as sustained by currents derived using UPD SSH anomalies is quite insensitive to spatiotemporal truncations of the advection field. C1 [Beron-Vera, Francisco J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, AMP, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Goni, Gustavo J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Beron-Vera, FJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, AMP, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM fberon@rsmas.miami.edu RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU NSF [CMG0825547]; NASA [NNX09AD82G, NNX10AE99G]; CNES FX Technical assistance by P. DiNezio is sincerely appreciated. The comments made by two anonymous reviewers contributed to improve the manuscript. The altimeter products used in this work are produced by SSALTO/DUCAS and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (available online at http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs). The Rio05 product is produced by CLS Space Oceanography Division and is distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (available online at http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com). The drifter trajectory data are distributed by the NOAA/AOML Drifter Data Assembly Center (available online at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac). FJBV and MJO were supported by NSF Grant CMG0825547 and NASA Grants NNX09AD82G and NNX10AE99G. GJG was supported by NASA Grants NNX09AD82G and NNX10AE99G and the NOAA/CPO. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2466 EP 2480 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4458.1 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 690AR UT WOS:000284972900007 ER PT J AU Song, HJ Ji, RB Stock, C Wang, ZL AF Song, Hongjun Ji, Rubao Stock, Charles Wang, Zongling TI Phenology of phytoplankton blooms in the Nova Scotian Shelf-Gulf of Maine region: remote sensing and modeling analysis SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton bloom; Phenology; Remote sensing; Environmental conditions; Nova Scotian Shelf; Gulf of Maine ID SURFACE HEAT-FLUX; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GEORGES-BANK; MARINE PLANKTON; MATCH-MISMATCH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY; SPRING BLOOM; NORTH-SEA; WATER AB Remotely sensed ocean color data and numerical modeling have been used to study the phenology of both spring and fall phytoplankton blooms (FPBs) in the Nova Scotian Shelf (NSS)-Gulf of Maine (GoM) region. The ocean color data reveal a general pattern of westward progression of the spring phytoplankton bloom (SPB), and an eastward progression of the FPB in the NSS-GoM region. The spatial pattern of mean chlorophyll concentration in spring is similar to that in fall, with a lower concentration in the NSS and higher in the GoM. Interannually, there is a weak but significant tendency for years with earlier (delayed) SPBs to be followed by delayed (earlier) FPBs, but the mean chlorophyll concentrations during SPBs are not correlated with those during FPBs. The interannual variability of SPB timing is significantly correlated with sea surface salinity (SSS), but the FPB timing is correlated with both SSS and sea surface temperature. The process-oriented numerical modeling experiments suggest that (i) salinity is the main factor influencing the bloom timing and magnitude in the NSS-GoM region, especially for the timing of SPBs; (ii) compared to buoyancy forcing induced by vertical salinity gradients, the impact of surface heating and surface wind stress on the blooms variability is much weaker; and (iii) the nutrient level controls the bloom magnitude, but only has a minor effect on bloom timing. This study provides a quantitative estimation of relationship between changes in local/remote environmental forcing and phytoplankton phenological shifts, thus improving our understanding on the possible impact of climate change on coastal/shelf ecosystems. C1 [Song, Hongjun; Ji, Rubao] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Song, Hongjun] Ocean Univ China, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Song, Hongjun; Wang, Zongling] First Inst Oceanog, Key Lab Sci & Engn Marine Ecol Environm, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Stock, Charles] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ji, Rubao] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Marine Ecosyst & Environm Lab, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. RP Ji, RB (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM songhongjun@fio.org.cn; rji@whoi.edu RI Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015; OI Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU NSF [OCE-0727033, 0815838]; National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB428703]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX This study was supported by the NSF grants OCE-0727033 and 0815838 provided to R. J., National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) grant 2010CB428703 provided to Z. W. and a China Scholarship Council (CSC) government-sponsored graduate scholarship provided to H. S. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1485 EP 1499 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbq086 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 661TK UT WOS:000282750800001 ER PT J AU Martin, WE Hesse, E Hough, JH Sparks, WB Cockell, CS Ulanowski, Z Germer, TA Kaye, PH AF Martin, W. E. Hesse, E. Hough, J. H. Sparks, W. B. Cockell, C. S. Ulanowski, Z. Germer, T. A. Kaye, P. H. TI Polarized optical scattering signatures from biological materials SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Circular polarization; Chlorophyll red-edge; Remote sensing; Biomarkers; Astrobiology ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MUELLER MATRICES; RED EDGE; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EARTHSHINE; LEAF; COLONIZATION AB The polarization of laser light backscattered from biological samples has been measured over the wavelength range 350-850 nm. Incident circular, linearly polarized, and unpolarized light produces significant spectral features in the case of samples containing chlorophyll such as leaves and cyanobacteria. Polarization scattering signatures are observed around the chlorophyll 'red edge' that may have diagnostic value in the search for life signatures from extrasolar planets. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, W. E.; Hough, J. H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Hesse, E.; Ulanowski, Z.; Kaye, P. H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Sparks, W. B.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cockell, C. S.] Open Univ, Geomicrobiol Res Grp, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Germer, T. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martin, WE (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM w.e.martin@herts.ac.uk OI Hesse, Evelyn/0000-0002-2721-7600 FU Leverhulme Trust [F/00 281/F]; University of Hertfordshire Science Research Infrastructure Fund (SRIF) FX This work has been supported by a grant from the Leverhulme Trust (Grant number: F/00 281/F) and by funding from the University of Hertfordshire Science Research Infrastructure Fund (SRIF). NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 111 IS 16 BP 2444 EP 2459 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.07.001 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 655LW UT WOS:000282252500008 ER PT J AU Olson, DA Driver, RG Bowers, WJ AF Olson, Douglas A. Driver, R. Greg Bowers, Walter J. TI A Gas Pressure Scale Based on Primary Standard Piston Gauges SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas pressure scale; piston gauge; primary standard piston gauge; pressure measurement; secondary standard piston gauge ID MANOMETER AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has redefined its gas pressure scale, up to 17 MPa, based on two primary standard piston gauges. The primary standard piston gauges are 35.8 mm in diameter and operate from 20 kPa to 1 MPa. Ten secondary standard piston gauges, two each of five series of the Ruska 2465 type, with successively smaller diameters form the scale extending up to 17 MPa. Six of the piston gauges were directly compared to the primary standards to determine their effective area and expanded (k = 2) uncertainty. Two piston gauges operating to 7 MPa were compared to the 1.4 MPa gauges, and two piston gauges operating to 17 MPa were compared to the 7 MPa gauges. Distortion in the 7 MPa piston gauges was determined by comparing those gauges to a DH Instruments PG7601 type piston gauge, whose distortion was calculated using elasticity theory. The relative standard uncertainties achieved by the primary standards range from 3.0 x 10(-6) to 3.2 x 10(-6). The relative standard uncertainty of the secondary standards is as low as 4.2 x 10(-6) at 300 kPa. The effective areas and uncertainties were validated by comparison to standards of other National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). Results show agreement in all cases to better than the expanded (k = 2) uncertainty of the difference between NIST and the other NMIs, and in most cases to better than the standard (k = 1) uncertainty of the difference. C1 [Olson, Douglas A.; Driver, R. Greg; Bowers, Walter J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Temp Pressure & Flow Metrol Div, NIST Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Olson, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Temp Pressure & Flow Metrol Div, NIST Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM douglas.olson@nist.gov; robert.driver@nist.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 115 IS 6 BP 393 EP 412 DI 10.6028/jres.115.027 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 699FW UT WOS:000285650300001 PM 27134793 ER PT J AU Stone, JA Egan, P AF Stone, Jack A. Egan, Patrick TI An Optical Frequency Comb Tied to GPS for Laser Frequency/Wavelength Calibration SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE global positioning system; GPSDO; laser frequency calibration; laser wavelength calibration; optical frequency comb ID HE-NE-LASER; MODE NUMBER; OSCILLATORS AB Optical frequency combs can be employed over a broad spectral range to calibrate laser frequency or vacuum wavelength. This article describes procedures and techniques utilized in the Precision Engineering Division of NIST ( National Institute of Standards and Technology) for comb-based calibration of laser wavelength, including a discussion of ancillary measurements such as determining the mode order. The underlying purpose of these calibrations is to provide traceable standards in support of length measurement. The relative uncertainty needed to fulfill this goal is typically 10(-8) and never below 10(-12), very modest requirements compared to the capabilities of comb-based frequency metrology. In this accuracy range the Global Positioning System (GPS) serves as an excellent frequency reference that can provide the traceable underpinning of the measurement. This article describes techniques that can be used to completely characterize measurement errors in a GPS-based comb system and thus achieve full confidence in measurement results. C1 [Stone, Jack A.; Egan, Patrick] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, NIST Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stone, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, NIST Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.stone@nist.gov; patrick.egan@nist.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 115 IS 6 BP 413 EP 431 DI 10.6028/jres.115.028 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 699FW UT WOS:000285650300002 PM 27134794 ER PT J AU Vayshenker, I Livigni, DJ Li, X Lehman, JH Li, J Xiong, LM Zhang, ZX AF Vayshenker, I. Livigni, D. J. Li, X. Lehman, J. H. Li, J. Xiong, L. M. Zhang, Z. X. TI Optical Fiber Power Meter Comparison Between NIST and NIM SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE international comparison; optical fiber; optical power ID PTB AB We describe the results of a comparison of reference standards between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-USA) and National Institute of Metrology (NIM-China). We report optical fiber-based power measurements at nominal wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm. We compare the laboratories' reference standards by means of a commercial optical power meter. Measurement results showed the largest difference of less than 2.6 parts in 10(3), which is within the combined standard (k = 1) uncertainty for the laboratories' reference standards. C1 [Vayshenker, I.; Livigni, D. J.; Li, X.; Lehman, J. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, NIST Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Li, J.; Xiong, L. M.; Zhang, Z. X.] Natl Inst Metrol, Div Metrol Opt & Laser Technol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Vayshenker, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, NIST Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM igor.vayshenker@boulder.nist.gov; david.livigni@boulder.nist.gov; xiaoyu.li@boulder.nist.gov; john.lehman@boulder.nist.gov; jianl@nim.ac.cn; xlmin@nim.ac.cn; zhixinzhang@nim.ac.cn RI Vayshenker, Igor/H-9793-2013 OI Vayshenker, Igor/0000-0002-7098-3781 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 115 IS 6 BP 433 EP 436 DI 10.6028/jres.115.029 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 699FW UT WOS:000285650300003 PM 27134795 ER PT J AU Nanninga, N Slifka, A Levy, Y White, C AF Nanninga, N. Slifka, A. Levy, Y. White, C. TI A Review of Fatigue Crack Growth for Pipeline Steels Exposed to Hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fatigue crack growth; hydrogen; pipelines; steel; review ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; EMBRITTLEMENT; PROPAGATION; MECHANISMS; DUCTILE; MODEL AB Hydrogen pipeline systems offer an economical means of storing and transporting energy in the form of hydrogen gas. Pipelines can be used to transport hydrogen that has been generated at solar and wind farms to and from salt cavern storage locations. In addition, pipeline transportation systems will be essential before widespread hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology becomes a reality. Since hydrogen pipeline use is expected to grow, the mechanical integrity of these pipelines will need to be validated under the presence of pressurized hydrogen. This paper focuses on a review of the fatigue crack growth response of pipeline steels when exposed to gaseous hydrogen environments. Because of defect-tolerant design principles in pipeline structures, it is essential that designers consider hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth behavior in these applications. C1 [Nanninga, N.; Slifka, A.; Levy, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [White, C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Nanninga, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nanninga@boulder.nist.gov; slifka@boulder.nist.gov; ylevy@boulder.nist.gov; cwhite@mtu.edu RI White, Calvin/F-7981-2011 OI White, Calvin/0000-0003-1299-4375 NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 30 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 115 IS 6 BP 437 EP 452 DI 10.6028/jres.115.030 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 699FW UT WOS:000285650300004 PM 27134796 ER PT J AU Kacker, RN Kessel, R Sommer, KD AF Kacker, Raghu N. Kessel, Ruediger Sommer, Klaus-Dieter TI Assessing Differences Between Results Determined According to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Birge test; interlaboratory evaluations; predictive p-value; uncertainty ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; INTERLABORATORY EVALUATIONS; CONSISTENCY AB In some metrology applications multiple results of measurement for a common measurand are obtained and it is necessary to determine whether the results agree with each other. A result of measurement based on the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) consists of a measured value together with its associated standard uncertainty. In the GUM, the measured value is regarded as the expected value and the standard uncertainty is regarded as the standard deviation, both known values, of a state-of-knowledge probability distribution. A state-of-knowledge distribution represented by a result need not be completely known. Then how can one assess the differences between the results based on the GUM? Metrologists have for many years used the Birge chisquare test as 'a rule of thumb' to assess the differences between two or more measured values for the same measurand by pretending that the standard uncertainties were the standard deviations of the presumed sampling probability distributions from random variation of the measured values. We point out that this is misuse of the standard uncertainties; the Birge test and the concept of statistical consistency motivated by it do not apply to the results of measurement based on the GUM. In 2008, the International Vocabulary of Metrology, third edition (VIM3) introduced the concept of metrological compatibility. We propose that the concept of metrological compatibility be used to assess the differences between results based on the GUM for the same measurand. A test of the metrological compatibility of two results of measurement does not conflict with a pairwise Birge test of the statistical consistency of the corresponding measured values. C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kessel, Ruediger] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sommer, Klaus-Dieter] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Chem Phys & Explos Protect Div, Natl Metrol Inst Germany, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov; ruediger.kessel@nist.gov; klaus-dieter.sommer@ptb.de NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 115 IS 6 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.6028/jres.115.031 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 699FW UT WOS:000285650300005 PM 27134797 ER PT J AU Franaszek, M AF Franaszek, Marek TI Variances of Plane Parameters Fitted to Range Data SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LADAR; nonlinear least squares; variances of fitted parameters AB Formulas for variances of plane parameters fitted with Nonlinear Least Squares to point clouds acquired by 3D imaging systems (e.g., LADAR) are derived. Two different error objective functions used in minimization are discussed: the orthogonal and the directional functions. Comparisons of corresponding formulas suggest the two functions can yield different results when applied to the same dataset. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marek.franaszek@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 115 IS 6 BP 461 EP 470 DI 10.6028/jres.115.032 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 699FW UT WOS:000285650300006 PM 27134798 ER PT J AU Cherng, AM Takagi, S Chow, LC AF Cherng, A. Maria Takagi, Shozo Chow, Laurence C. TI Acid Neutralization Capacity of a Tricalcium Silicate-Containing Calcium Phosphate Cement as an Endodontic Material SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid neutralization; basicity; calcium phosphate cement; endo-materials; mineral trioxide aggregate; setting time; tricalcium silicate ID CANAL SEALER-FILLER; IN-VITRO; APICAL BARRIER; THERAPY AB A calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was shown to have the necessary attributes for endodontic materials except adequate basicity needed for antimicrobial properties. To enhance its basicity, tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5), a highly alkaline compound, was added to CPC at a mass fraction of 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75. The basicity, acid neutralization and physical properties of the CPC-Ca3SiO5 composites were investigated. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used as the control. The acid neutralizing capacity of the CPC-Ca3SiO5 composites and MTA were measured by titrating the suspensions of ground set samples with a 0.2 mol/L HCl at predetermined pH levels, i.e., 11, 9.0, and 7.4. The setting time of CPC-Ca3SiO5 composites determined by the Gilmore needle method was 40 + 10 min. Acid neutralizing capacity of CPC depended (p < 0.05) on Ca3SiO5 content. CPC containing 75 % Ca3SiO5 could neutralize slightly less acid than MTA (p < 0.05), but it had a shorter setting time than that of MTA(> 4 h) and excellent handling properties. C1 [Cherng, A. Maria; Takagi, Shozo; Chow, Laurence C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, MML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cherng, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, MML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maria.cherng@nist.gov; shozo.takagi@nist.gov; laurence.chow@nist.gov FU American Dental Association Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE11789] FX Tricalcium silicate was prepared by Stan Frukhtbeyn in the laboratory. This work has been supported by the American Dental Association Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE11789). NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 115 IS 6 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.6028/jres.115.033 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 699FW UT WOS:000285650300007 PM 27134799 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, J Cardone, A Dima, AA Allen, DP Halter, MW AF Chalfoun, Joe Cardone, Antonio Dima, Alden A. Allen, Daniel P. Halter, Michael W. TI Overlap-Based Cell Tracker SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell motility; live-cell imaging; overlap-based cell tracking; time-lapse cell imaging ID ACTIVE CONTOURS; MIGRATING CELLS; QUANTIFICATION; MICROSCOPY; MOTILITY AB In order to facilitate the extraction of quantitative data from live cell image sets, automated image analysis methods are needed. This paper presents an introduction to the general principle of an overlap cell tracking software developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This cell tracker has the ability to track cells across a set of time lapse images acquired at high rates based on the amount of overlap between cellular regions in consecutive frames. It is designed to be highly flexible, requires little user parameterization, and has a fast execution time. C1 [Chalfoun, Joe; Cardone, Antonio; Dima, Alden A.; Allen, Daniel P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Halter, Michael W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chalfoun, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.chalfoun@nist.gov; antonio.cardone@nist.gov; alden.dima@nist.gov; oldhokie@verizon.net; michael.halter@nist.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 115 IS 6 BP 477 EP 486 DI 10.6028/jres.115.034 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 699FW UT WOS:000285650300008 PM 27134800 ER PT J AU Neuman, M Tissot, B Vanblaricom, G AF Neuman, Melissa Tissot, Brian Vanblaricom, Glenn TI OVERALL STATUS AND THREATS ASSESSMENT OF BLACK ABALONE (HALIOTIS CRACHERODII LEACH, 1814) POPULATIONS IN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Abalone Biology, Fisheries and Culture CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL Pattaya, THAILAND SP Int Abalone Soc, Marine Sci Assoc Thailand, Aquat Resources Res Inst, Fac Sci Chulalongkorn Univ DE Allee effect; black abalone; depensation; Haliotis cracherodii; endangered species; long-term trends in abundance; threats assessment; withering syndrome ID WITHERING SYNDROME; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MASS MORTALITY; COAST; RECRUITMENT; DECLINES; RECOVERY; ISLANDS; CO2 AB The black abalone (Haliolitis cracherodii Leach, 1814) is a relatively large prosobranch gastropod mollusc ranging from approximately Point Arena in northern California to Bahia Tortugas and Isla Guadalupe, Mexico. In the United States, populations of black abalone on offshore islands, especially those of southern California, were particularly large prior to the mid 1980s. Analysis of long-term fishery-dependent and -independent data revealed that fishing pressure in combination with a lethal disease, withering syndrome, has resulted in mass mortalities of 95% or greater in black abalone populations south of Monterey County, CA. Reduction in local densities below the threshold necessary for successful fertilization (0.34/m(2)) has been a widespread and pervasive consequence of population reductions by withering syndrome and other factors. The most significant current and future threat that the black abalone faces is that imposed by the spread of withering syndrome, known to be enhanced by periods of ocean warming. Other factors, such as illegal take, ocean pollution, and natural predation, also pose risks to remaining populations and those that may be restored via active management in the future. Without identification, development, and implementation of effective measures to counter the population-level effects of withering syndrome, remaining black abalone populations may experience further declines. C1 [Neuman, Melissa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Tissot, Brian] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Vanblaricom, Glenn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Neuman, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 501 W Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM Melissa.Neuman@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 37 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 577 EP 586 DI 10.2983/035.029.0305 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 679BU UT WOS:000284135200004 ER PT J AU Smith, JN Ressler, PH Warren, JD AF Smith, Joy N. Ressler, Patrick H. Warren, Joseph D. TI Material properties of euphausiids and other zooplankton from the Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SOUND-SPEED; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; ANTARCTIC KRILL; BACKSCATTERING; DENSITY; VARIABILITY; CONTRASTS; ABUNDANCE AB Acoustic assessment of Bering Sea euphausiids and their predators can provide useful data for ecosystem studies if the acoustic scattering characteristics of these animals are known. The amount of acoustic energy that is scattered by different marine zooplankton taxa is strongly affected by the contrast of the animal's density (g) and sound speed (h) with the surrounding seawater. Density and sound speed contrast were measured in the Bering Sea during the summer of 2008 for several different zooplankton and nekton taxa including: euphausiids (Thysanoessa inermis, Thysanoessa raschii, and Thysanoessa spinifera), copepods, amphipods, chaetognaths, gastropods, fish larvae, jellyfish, and squid. Density contrast values varied between different taxa as well as between individual animals within the same species. Sound speed contrast was measured for monospecific groups of animals and differences were found among taxa. The range, mean, and standard deviation of g and h for all euphausiid species were: g=1.001-1.041; 1.018 +/- 0.009 and h=0.990-1.017; 1.006 +/- 0.008. Changes in the relationship between euphausiid material properties and animal length, seawater temperature, seawater density, and geographic location were also evaluated. Results suggest that environmental conditions at different sample locations led to significant differences in animal density and material properties. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3488673] C1 [Smith, Joy N.; Warren, Joseph D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. [Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Warren, JD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. EM joe.warren@stonybrook.edu FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; NOAA; North Pacific Research Board FX This project was supported by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, and the North Pacific Research Board's Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program. The captain, crew, and scientists aboard the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson provided excellent logistical support and sampling assistance. Abigail McCarthy helped us greatly with the set up and maintenance of the on board aquaria as well as with the trawl sampling operations. We acknowledge the taxonomic advice of Elaina Jorgensen (squid) and Claudia Mills (hydromedusae). We would like to thank Alex De Robertis and Neal Williamson for their comments and suggestions on this manuscript. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 128 IS 5 BP 2664 EP 2680 DI 10.1121/1.3488673 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 685GT UT WOS:000284617900037 PM 21110563 ER PT J AU Shapiro, A Willingham, KM Potvin, CK AF Shapiro, Alan Willingham, Katherine M. Potvin, Corey K. TI Spatially Variable Advection Correction of Radar Data. Part I. Theoretical Considerations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR; NUMERICAL VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; 3-DIMENSIONAL WIND-FIELD; SEVERE FRONTAL RAINBAND; WEATHER RADAR; MOVING-FRAME; THERMODYNAMIC RETRIEVAL; VELOCITY RETRIEVALS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PHOENIX-II AB Radar data based analysis products such as accumulated rainfall maps dual Doppler wind syntheses and the) modynamic retrievals are prone to substantial error it the temporal sampling interval is too coarse Techniques to mitigate these errors typically make use of advection correction procedures (since to time conversions) in which the analyzed radial velocity or reflectivity field is idealized as a pattern of unchanging form that translates horizontally at constant speed The present study is concerned with in advection correction procedure for the reflectivity field in which the pattern advection component vary spatially The analysis is phrased as a variational problem in which errors in the frozen turbulence constraint are minimized subject to smoothness constraints The Euler-Lagrange equations for this problem are derived and a solution is proposed in which the trajectories pattern advection fields and reflectivity field are analyzed simultaneouslv using a combined analytical and numerical procedure The potential for solution nonuniqueness is explored C1 [Shapiro, Alan; Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Shapiro, Alan; Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Willingham, Katherine M.; Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Willingham, Katherine M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Shapiro, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Room 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0532107, EEC-0313747]; NOAA/NWS [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant ATM-0532107, by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the NSF under Cooperative Agreement EEC-0313747, and by the NOAA/NWS Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program through Grant NA17RJ1227 NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 11 BP 3445 EP 3456 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3465.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686ZI UT WOS:000284740600001 ER PT J AU Shapiro, A Willingham, KM Potvin, CK AF Shapiro, Alan Willingham, Katherine M. Potvin, Corey K. TI Spatially Variable Advection Correction of Radar Data. Part II Test Results SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR; TORNADO DETECTION; ASSIMILATION; WSR-88D; SIGNATURES; SUPERCELL; SYSTEM; DETECT AB The spatially variable advection correction/analysis procedure introduced in Part I is tested using analytical reflectivity blobs embedded in a solid body vortex and Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) and Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler (WSR 88D) data of a tornadic supercell thunderstorm that passed over central Oklahoma on 8 May 2003 In the TDWR tests plan position indicator (PPI) data at two volume scan times are input to the advection correction procedure with PPI data from a third scan time intermediate between the two input times that is used to validate the results The procedure yields analyzed reflectivity fields with lower root mean square errors and higher correlation coefficients than those reflectivity fields that were advection corrected with any constant advection speed C1 [Shapiro, Alan; Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Shapiro, Alan; Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Willingham, Katherine M.; Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Willingham, Katherine M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Shapiro, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Room 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0532107, EEC-0313747]; NOAA/NWS [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant ATM-0532107, by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the NSF under Cooperative Agreement EEC-0313747, and by the NOAA/NWS Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program through Grant NA17RJ1227 Solo II and REORDER software developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) were used in the processing of the radar data NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 11 BP 3457 EP 3470 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3466.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686ZI UT WOS:000284740600002 ER PT J AU Kulie, MS Bennartz, R Greenwald, TJ Chen, Y Weng, FZ AF Kulie, Mark S. Bennartz, Ralf Greenwald, Thomas J. Chen, Yong Weng, Fuzhong TI Uncertainties in Microwave Properties of Frozen Precipitation Implications for Remote Sensing and Data Assimilation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; SUCCESSIVE-ORDER; 1D+4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; SOUNDING UNIT; ICE PARTICLES; AMSR-E; CLOUD AB A combined active/passive modeling system that converts CloudSat observations to simulated microwave brightness temperatures (T-B) is used to assess different ice particle models under precipitating conditions Simulation results indicate that certain ice models (e g low density spheres) produce excessive scattering and implausibly low simulated T(B)s for stratiform precipitation events owing to excessive derived ice water paths (IWPs) while other ice models produce unphysical T-B depressions due to the combined effects of elevated derived IWP and excessive particle size distribution-averaged extinction An ensemble of nonspherical ice particle models however consistently produces realistic results under most circumstances and adequately captures the radiative properties of frozen hydrometeors associated with precipitation-with the possible exception of very high IWP events Large derived IWP uncertainties exceeding 60% are also noted and may indicate IWP retrieval accuracy deficiencies using high frequency passive microwave observations Simulated T-B uncertainties due to the ice particle model ensemble members approach 9 (5) K at 89 (157) GHz for high ice water path conditions associated with snowfall and similar to 2-3 (similar to 1-2) K under typical stratiform rain conditions These uncertainties however display considerable variability owing to ice water path precipitation type, satellite zenith angle and frequency Comparisons between 157 GHz simulations and observations under precipitating conditions produce low biases (<1 5 K) and high correlations but lower frequency channels display consistent negative biases of 3-4 K in precipitating regions Sample en or correlations and covariance matrices for select microwave frequencies also show strong functional relationships with ice water pat h and variability depending on precipitation type C1 [Kulie, Mark S.; Bennartz, Ralf] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Greenwald, Thomas J.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chen, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kulie, MS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Kulie, Mark/C-3289-2011; Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Kulie, Mark/0000-0003-1400-1007; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation through NOAA [NA06NES4400002]; NASA [NNX07AE29G] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the CloudSat project and its Data Processing Center, as well as the National Snow and Ice Data Center and NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array Data Stewardship System, for products used in this study Dr Gang Hong is thanked for supplying microwave properties for some of the ice particle models used in this study Dr Guosheng Liu is gratefully acknowledged for making his database publicly available and easily accessible Mr Michael Hiley provided extensive and invaluable data processing assistance for this study The authors would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments This work was partially funded by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation through NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA06NES4400002 and NASA Grant NNX07AE29G NR 54 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 11 BP 3471 EP 3487 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3520.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686ZI UT WOS:000284740600003 ER PT J AU Jiang, HL Feingold, G Sorooshian, A AF Jiang, Hongli Feingold, Graham Sorooshian, Armin TI Effect of Aerosol on the Susceptibility and Efficiency of Precipitation in Warm Trade Cumulus Clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; SHALLOW CUMULUS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; DRIZZLE; MODEL; CONVECTION; RAIN; SENSITIVITY; STATISTICS; EVOLUTION AB Large eddy simulations of warm trade wind cumulus clouds are conducted for a range of aerosol conditions with a focus on precipitating clouds Individual clouds are tracked over the course of their lifetimes Precipitation rate decreases progressively as aerosol Increases For larger precipitating clouds the polluted clouds have longer lifetimes because of precipitation suppression For clean aerosol conditions there is good agreement between the average model precipitation rate and that calculated based on observed radar reflectivity Z and precipitation rate R relationships Precipitation rate can be expressed as a power law function of liquid water path (LWP) and N-d to reasonable accuracy The respective powers for LWP and N-d are of similar magnitude compared to those based on observational studies of stratocumulus clouds The time integrated precipitation rate represented by a power law function of LWP N-d and cloud lifetime is much more reliably predicted than is R expressed in terms of LWP and N-d alone The precipitation susceptibility (So = dInR/dInN(d)) that quantifies the sensitivity of precipitation to changes in N-d depends strongly on LWP and exhibits nonmonotonic behavior with a maximum at intermediate LWP values The relationship between So and precipitation efficiency is explored and the Importance of including dependence on N-d in the latter is highlighted The results provide trade cumulus cloud population statistics as well as relationships between (memicrophysical/macrophysical properties and precipitation that are amenable for use in larger scale models C1 [Jiang, Hongli; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jiang, Hongli] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Jiang, HL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU NOAA's Climate Goal; ONR; NOAA's High Performance Computing Center at the Earth System Research Laboratory FX HJ and GF were funded by NOAA's Climate Goal AS acknowledges support from an ONR YIP award The authors acknowledge the excellent support of NOAA's High Performance Computing Center at the Earth System Research Laboratory and comments and suggestions by the anonymous reviewers NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 11 BP 3525 EP 3540 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3484.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686ZI UT WOS:000284740600006 ER PT J AU Dong, MY Chen, LS Li, Y Lu, CG AF Dong, Meiying Chen, Lianshou Li, Ying Lu, Chungu TI Rainfall Reinforcement Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE; STORM AGNES; JUNE 1972; PRECIPITATION; TRANSFORMATION; SIMULATION; TAIWAN; IMPACT; MOTION; SHEAR AB Landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) often bring about heavy rainfall which typically decreases with the weakening of the TCs However, some TCs may suddenly be reinvigorated after they become remnants over land Such TCs may produce even stronger rains than those at the time of their landfall This reinvigorating phenomenon is known as rainfall reinforcement associated with landfalling tropical cyclones (RRLTC) The TCs triggering rainfall reinforcement account for 9 7% of the total number of TCs that make landfall on mainland China and often cause problems and surprises for forecasters The TCs with rainfall reinforcement mostly make landfall in the area of the southeastern coast of China and move primarily along two tracks spreading northward or westward RRLTC often occurs in the remnant of a tropical depression that has already been downgraded from typhoon intensity particularly in a period when the remnant Iris slowed down or even stagnated The highest frequency of RRLTC occurrence is during the third day after landfall and in the northeast quadrant of a TC moving northward and the southwest quadrants of a TC moving westward Diagnostic analysis shows that an RRLTC with a northward track can be mainly attributed to the in teraction between westerly troughs and the tropical cyclone In this way a remnant gains baroclinic energy from the midlatitude trough Such an interaction does not appear for northward track TCs without rainfall reinforcement Rainfall reinforcement for TCs with a westward track is mainly due to the interaction between monsoon surge cloud clusters and tropical cyclones which is favorable for moisture and latent he'd gain Analyses show that the westward TCs would not have, rainfall reinforcement without such an Interaction RRLTC requires new energy transport into TCs The results of the present study indicate that baroclinic potential energy and latent heat are the two major energy sources that will trigger the remnant revival and rainfall reinforcement Land surface topography also plays an important role in increasing the rainfall of TCs C1 [Dong, Meiying; Chen, Lianshou; Li, Ying] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Dong, Meiying] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Dong, Meiying] Zhejiang Prov Meteorol Observ, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Lu, Chungu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lu, CG (reprint author), DSRC, 325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU China National Key Basic Research and Development Project [2009CB421504, 2004CB418301]; China National Science Foundation [40730948, 40675033]; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [2007Y006]; Zhejiang Science Project for Social Development [2007C13G1610002] FX The research is supported by the China National Key Basic Research and Development Project (Grants 2009CB421504 and 2004CB418301), China National Science Foundation (Grants 40730948 and 40675033), Special Project of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (2007Y006), and Zhejiang Science Project for Social Development (Grant 2007C13G1610002) The authors are grateful for the constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers and excellent editorship by Dr Shigeo Yoden Helpful comments and discussions from Dr Taoyong Peng are appreciated We are also grateful to Annie Reiser for providing typographical, grammar, and style edits for this paper NR 40 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 11 BP 3541 EP 3558 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3268.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686ZI UT WOS:000284740600007 ER PT J AU Lohbauer, U Amberger, G Quinn, GD Scherrer, SS AF Lohbauer, Ulrich Amberger, Gudrun Quinn, George D. Scherrer, Susanne S. TI Fractographic analysis of a dental zirconia framework: A case study on design issues SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Fractography; Failure analysis; Ceramic restoration; Zirconia; Fixed partial denture; Dental ceramic ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; IN-VITRO; FAILURE ANALYSIS; CERAMIC CROWNS; FRACTURE-RESISTANCE; LUTING AGENTS; STRENGTH; RESIN AB Fractographic analysis of clinically failed dental ceramics can provide insights as to the failure origin and related mechanisms. One anterior 6-unit all-ceramic zirconia fixed partial denture (FPD) (Cercon (R)) has been clinically recovered and examined using qualitative fractography. The purpose was to identify the fracture origin and to state the reasons for failure. The recovered parts of the zirconia FPD were microscopically examined to identify classic fractographic patterns such as arrest lines, hackle, twist hackle and wake hackle. The direction of crack propagation was mapped and interpreted back to the origin of failure at the interface of the occlusal-palatal tip of the core and the veneering ceramic. An inappropriate core drop design favoring localized stress concentration combined with a pore cluster in the veneering ceramic at the core tip interface were the reasons for this premature through-the-core thickness failure. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quinn, George D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scherrer, Susanne S.] Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Geneva, Switzerland. [Lohbauer, Ulrich; Amberger, Gudrun] Univ Erlangen Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany. RP Lohbauer, U (reprint author), Dent Clin 1 Operat Dent & Periodontol, Glueckstr 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. EM lohbauer@dent.uni-erlangen.de; amberger@dent.uni-erlangen.de; George.quinn@nist.gov; Susanne.Scherrer@unige.ch FU National Institute for Standards and Technology; American Dental Association Foundation; National Institute of Health [NIH R01-DE17983] FX This work was partially supported by National Institute for Standards and Technology, American Dental Association Foundation and National Institute of Health with grant NIH R01-DE17983. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 8 BP 623 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.07.004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 665AZ UT WOS:000283007800010 PM 20826369 ER PT J AU Diddams, SA AF Diddams, Scott A. TI The evolving optical frequency comb SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER FREQUENCY; MODE-LOCKED LASER; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; LOW PHASE-NOISE; 2-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE SIGNALS; NOBEL LECTURE; LIGHT-PULSES; GENERATION; PRECISION AB In the past decade we have witnessed remarkable advances associated with the frequency stabilization of the comb present in the output of a mode-locked femtosecond laser. While proving itself to be fantastically successful in its role as the "gears" of optical atomic clocks, the optical frequency comb has further evolved into a valuable tool for a wide range of applications, including ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, frequency synthesis, optical and microwave waveform generation, astronomical spectrograph calibration, and attosecond pulse generation, to name a few. In this review, I will trace several of these developments while attempting to offer perspective on the challenges and opportunities for frequency combs that might lie ahead in the next decade. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 101 TC 171 Z9 173 U1 10 U2 63 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 27 IS 11 BP B51 EP B62 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 674VS UT WOS:000283778900007 ER PT J AU Katayama, N Ji, SD Louca, D Lee, S Fujita, M Sato, TJ Wen, JS Xu, ZJ Gu, GD Xu, GY Lin, ZW Enoki, M Chang, S Yamada, K Tranquada, JM AF Katayama, Naoyuki Ji, Sungdae Louca, Despina Lee, Seunghun Fujita, Masaki Sato, Taku J. Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Zhijun Gu, Genda Xu, Guangyong Lin, Ziwei Enoki, Masanori Chang, Sung Yamada, Kazuyoshi Tranquada, John M. TI Investigation of the Spin-Glass Regime between the Antiferromagnetic and Superconducting Phases in Fe1+ySexTe1-x SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Fe based superconductivity; neutron scattering; spin glass; phase diagram; Fe(Se,Te) ID SMFEASO1-XFX; MAGNETISM; ORDER; STATE AB Using bulk magnetization along with elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques, we have investigated the phase diagram of Fe1+ySexTe1-x and the nature of magnetic correlations in three nonsuperconducting samples of Fe1.01Se0.1Te0.9, Fe1.01Se0.15Te0.85, and Fe1.02Se0.3Te0.7. A cusp and hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the magnetization for the x = 0.15 and 0.3 samples indicates spin-glass (SG) ordering below T-sg = 23 K. Neutron scattering measurements indicate that the spin-glass behavior is associated with short-range spin density wave (SDW) ordering characterized by a static component and a low-energy dynamic component with a characteristic incommensurate wave vector of Q(m) = (0.46, 0, 0.50) and an anisotropy gap of similar to 2.5 meV. Our high Q-resolution data also show that the systems undergo a glassy structural distortion that coincides with the short-range SDW order. C1 [Katayama, Naoyuki; Ji, Sungdae; Louca, Despina; Lee, Seunghun] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Fujita, Masaki; Enoki, Masanori; Yamada, Kazuyoshi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Sato, Taku J.; Tranquada, John M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Zhijun; Gu, Genda; Xu, Guangyong; Lin, Ziwei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chang, Sung] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Katayama, N (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015; Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010 OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER45384, DE-FG02-01ER45927, DE-AC02-98CH110886]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX Work at the University of Virginia (Brookhaven) is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Contract Nos. DE-FG02-07ER45384 and DE-FG02-01ER45927 (DE-AC02-98CH110886). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 30 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 28 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 79 IS 11 AR 113702 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.79.113702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671OE UT WOS:000283514600004 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP Gallatin, GM AF Naulleau, Patrick P. Gallatin, Gregg M. TI Effect of resist on the transfer of line-edge roughness spatial metrics from mask to wafer SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; EFFICIENCY; RESOLUTION; ALIGNMENT; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; MODEL AB Mask contributors to line-edge roughness (LER) have recently been shown to be an issue of concern for extreme ultraviolet lithography both in terms of the accuracy of current resist evaluation tests and in terms of the ultimate LER requirements for the 22 nm production node and beyond. More recently, it has been shown that the power spectral density of the mask-induced roughness is markedly different from that of intrinsic resist roughness and thus potentially serves as a mechanism for distinguishing mask effects from resist effects in experimental results. However, the evaluation of stochastic effects in the resist itself demonstrates that such a test would only be viable in cases where the resist effects are negligible in terms of their contribution to the total LER compared with the mask effects. Moreover, the results presented here lead the authors to the surprising conclusion that it is indeed possible for mask contributors to be the dominant source of LER while the spatial characteristics of the LER remain indistinguishable from the fractal characteristics of resist-induced LER. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3509437] C1 [Naulleau, Patrick P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gallatin, Gregg M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnaulleau@lbl.gov RI Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012 FU SEMATECH; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded in part by SEMATECH; the authors are grateful to Warren Montgomery for program support. This work was partially carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1259 EP 1266 DI 10.1116/1.3509437 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690OX UT WOS:000285015200159 ER PT J AU Steele, AV Knuffman, B McClelland, JJ Orloff, J AF Steele, A. V. Knuffman, B. McClelland, J. J. Orloff, J. TI Focused chromium ion beam SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ATOMS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PROBE AB With the goal of expanding the capabilities of focused ion beam microscopy and milling systems, the authors have demonstrated nanoscale focusing of chromium ions produced in a magneto-optical trap ion source. Neutral chromium atoms are captured into a magneto-optical trap and cooled to 100 mu K with laser light at 425 nm. The atoms are subsequently photoionized and accelerated to energies between 0.5 and 3 keV. The accelerated ion beam is scanned with a dipolar deflector and focused onto a sample by an einzel lens. Secondary electron images are collected and analyzed, and from these, a beam diameter is inferred. The result is a focused probe with a 1 standard-deviation radius as small as 205 +/- 10 nm. While this probe size is in the useful range for nanoscale applications, it is almost three times larger than is predicted by ray-tracing simulations. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3502668] C1 [Steele, A. V.; Knuffman, B.; McClelland, J. J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Orloff, J.] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Steele, AV (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adam.steele@nist.gov RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP C6F1 EP C6F5 DI 10.1116/1.3502668 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690OX UT WOS:000285015200030 ER PT J AU Meegan, J Field, C Sidor, I Romano, T Casinghino, S Smith, CR Kashinsky, L Fair, PA Bossart, G Wells, R Dunn, JL AF Meegan, Jenny Field, Cara Sidor, Inga Romano, Tracy Casinghino, Sandra Smith, Cynthia R. Kashinsky, Lizabeth Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory Wells, Randall Dunn, J. Lawrence TI Development, validation, and utilization of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species in marine mammals SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Brucella; competitive enzyme-linked; immunosorbent; assay; marine; mammals; validation ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SEALS PHOCA-HISPIDA; BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS; RINGED SEALS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; SP INFECTION; STRAINS AB A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed by using a whole-cell antigen from a marine Brucella sp isolated from a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) The assay was designed to screen sera from multiple marine mammal species for the presence of antibodies against marine-origin Brucella Based on comparisons with culture confirmed cases specificity and sensitivity for cetacean samples tested were 73% and 100%, respectively For pinniped samples, specificity and sensitivity values were 77% and 67%, respectively Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi, n = 28) and bottlenose dolphin (Turstops truncatus, n = 48) serum samples were tested, and the results were compared with several other assays designed to detect Brucella abortus antibodies The comparison testing revealed the marine-origin cELISA to be more sensitive than the B abortus tests by the detection of additional positive serum samples The newly developed cELISA is an effective serologic method for detection of the presence of antibodies against marine-origin Brucella sp in marine mammals C1 [Meegan, Jenny; Field, Cara; Sidor, Inga; Romano, Tracy; Casinghino, Sandra; Dunn, J. Lawrence] Mystic Aquarium & Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT USA. [Kashinsky, Lizabeth] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Smith, Cynthia R.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomo, Charleston, SC USA. [Wells, Randall] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Bossart, Gregory] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Meegan, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Dept, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) [NA04OAR4600209, NA03NMF4390408]; Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution's; Wild Dolphins license tag; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; Dolphin Quest; Disney's Animal Programs FX The Brucella Project is funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) Oceans and Human Health Initiative Grant NA04OAR4600209 and has received previous support from the NOAA Fisheries Prescott Grant Award NA03NMF4390408 The wild Hawaiian monk seal blood samples were collected under Scientific Research and Enhancement Permit to Take Marine Mammals 848-1335 The wild bottlenose dolphin blood samples were collected under the National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research permit 522 1569 and 522-1785 issued to Dr Randall Wells of the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program (SDRP) in Sarasota Bay, Florida and 998 1678 issued to Dr Greg Bossart as part of the Bottlenose Dolphin Health and Risk Assessment Project conducted in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, and the estuarine waters of Charleston South Carolina Funding was partially provided by the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution's Project Wild Dolphins license tag, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Dolphin Quest, and Disney's Animal Programs Brian Balmer's expertise in preparing and processing samples for the SDRP is much appreciated The authors also thank John McGiven of the Veterinary Laboratory Agency (Surrey UK) for supplying the terrestrial Brucella and Yersinia serum samples This work constitutes scientific contribution 181 from the Sea Research Foundation NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 856 EP 862 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 685ZL UT WOS:000284666500003 PM 21088168 ER PT J AU Singhal, G Panchang, VG Lillibridge, JL AF Singhal, Gaurav Panchang, Vijay G. Lillibridge, John L. TI Reliability Assessment for Operational Wave Forecasting System in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Prince William Sound; Wave forecast reliability; Likelihood of occurrence ID 2 NUMERICAL-MODELS; COASTAL REGIONS; SWAN MODEL; WIND-WAVES; WRF MODEL; PREDICTION; CLIMATOLOGY; WEATHER; ESTUARY; BUOY AB To ensure the safety of a variety of marine operations, ocean weather monitoring and prediction in many coastal regions have gained prominence over the last couple of decades. To support ongoing forecasting efforts in Prince William Sound, the site of the worst oil spill disaster in U.S. history, a three-way coupled wave forecasting system is developed. The issue of wave forecast reliability is addressed in the context of the associated uncertainty that confronts the manager of engineering operations or other planners. This issue has generally not been systematically addressed in literature. High-resolution 36-h daily forecasts of significant wave heights (SWHs) are compared with measurements from buoys and satellites for about I year. The results show that 70% of the peak SWHs (in the range 5-8 m) were predicted with an accuracy of 15% or less for a forecast lead time of 9 h. The errors are larger for smaller SWHs. Correlation coefficients (R(2)) and indices of agreement (D) between predicted and measured SWHs were reasonable and generally more than 0.78 for all lead times. On average, our analysis showed 70% or greater likelihood of the prediction falling within a tolerance of +/-(1 X RMSE) for all lead times. Barring changes in model physics, resolution, etc., similar acceptance levels could be expected from comparable systems. C1 [Singhal, Gaurav; Panchang, Vijay G.] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Lillibridge, John L.] NOAA Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Singhal, G (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 200 Seawolf Pkwy,POB 1675, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM singhalg@tamug.edu; panchanv@tamug.edu; John.Lillibridge@noaa.gov RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X FU PWS OSRI through NOAA; Maine Sea Grant College Program; NASA; PWS Regional Citizens' Advisory Council FX This work was possible due to funding received from PWS OSRI (through a NOAA grant), Maine Sea Grant College Program, NASA, and the PWS Regional Citizens' Advisory Council. ENVISAT altimetry data were provided by the European Space Agency. NOAA/NESDIS staff assisted with the satellite data. The writers acknowledge Dr. Remko Scharroo for his continuing support, maintenance, and development of the Radar Altimeter Database system. The efforts of the NCEP, which make local predictions possible, are invaluable. Dr. Yi Chao of JPL provided access to forecasts of surface currents in PWS. Dr. Scott Pegau and his team helped in the installation and provision of gauge data. All of the above contributions are gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Khalid Zubier and Mr. Dongcheng Li made technical contributions. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 136 IS 6 BP 337 EP 349 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000056 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 670HL UT WOS:000283411700005 ER PT J AU Gardner, CL Lawler, JP Hoef, JMV Magoun, AJ Kellie, KA AF Gardner, Craig L. Lawler, James P. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Magoun, Audrey J. Kellie, Kalin A. TI Coarse-Scale Distribution Surveys and Occurrence Probability Modeling for Wolverine in Interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE detection probability; distribution mapping; Gulo gulo; hierarchical spatial modeling; Interior Alaska; occurrence probability; track survey; wolverine ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; GULO-GULO; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HABITAT USE; MORTALITY; CANADA; TRACKS; SNOW AB We determined wolverine (Gulo gulo) distribution and occurrence probabilities using aerial surveys and hierarchical spatial modeling in a 180,000-km(2) portion of Interior Alaska, USA. During 8 February-12 March 2006, we surveyed 149 of 180 1,000-km(2) sample units for wolverine tracks. We observed wolverine tracks in 99 (66.4%) sample units. Wolverine detection probability was >= 69% throughout the survey period. Posterior occurrence probabilities of whether a wolverine track occurred in a sample unit was dependent on survey timing, number of transects flown, number of neighboring sample units with detected tracks, percentage of the sample unit with elevation >= 305 m, and human influences. Our model indicated strong evidence of occurrence (>0.80) in 72% of the 180 survey units, strong evidence of absence (<0.20) in 12%, and weak evidence of occurrence or absence (0.20-0.80) in 16%. Wolverine area of occupancy made up 83% of the study area. Simulations illustrated that 2-4 survey routes were necessary for the survey technique to provide strong evidence of wolverine presence or absence in Interior Alaska if a track was not identified along the first route. The necessary number of survey routes depends on the occurrence probability in a sample unit. We provided managers with a map of wolverine distribution in Interior Alaska and an efficient and lower-cost method to detect coarse-scale changes in wolverine distribution. Our technique was effective in both Interior Alaska and Ontario, Canada, suggesting it would be effective throughout most of the boreal forest range of wolverines where tracks can be readily observed from the air. The technique requires a certain skill level in recognizing tracks; it is essential that tracks are identified correctly and training may be necessary depending on surveyor experience. C1 [Gardner, Craig L.; Kellie, Kalin A.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Lawler, James P.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gardner, CL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM craig.gardner@alaska.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU National Park Service; [W-33-3] FX The National Park Service and Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project 7.21 under grant W-33-3 provided financial support. We thank B. Taras, S. Brainerd, L. McCarthy, G. Roloff, and 2 anonymous referees for their editorial comments to this manuscript. N. Pamperin assisted constructing the figures. We particularly want to thank M. Webb, P. Valkenburg, and P. Zaczkowski for many hours of safe flying and discussions on wolverine movements. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1894 EP 1903 DI 10.2193/2009-386 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000031 ER PT J AU Montgomery, RA Roloff, GJ Hoef, JMV Millspaugh, JJ AF Montgomery, Robert A. Roloff, Gary J. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Millspaugh, Joshua J. TI Can We Accurately Characterize Wildlife Resource Use When Telemetry Data Are Imprecise? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Geographic Information Systems (GIS); habitat patches; positional error; resource use; telemetry ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; HABITAT-SELECTION; GPS TELEMETRY; HOME-RANGE; RADIOTELEMETRY SYSTEM; TRIANGULATION ERROR; COLLAR PERFORMANCE; WOODLAND CARIBOU; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; RADIO-LOCATION AB Telemetry data have been widely used to quantify wildlife habitat relationships despite the fact that these data are inherently imprecise. All telemetry data have positional error, and failure to account for that error can lead to incorrect predictions of wildlife resource use. Several techniques have been used to account for positional error in wildlife studies. These techniques have been described in the literature, but their ability to accurately characterize wildlife resource use has never been tested. We evaluated the performance of techniques commonly used for incorporating telemetry error into studies of wildlife resource use. Our evaluation was based on imprecise telemetry data (mean telemetry error = 174 m, SD = 130 m) typical of field-based studies. We tested 5 techniques in 10 virtual environments and in one real-world environment for categorical (i.e., habitat types) and continuous (i.e., distances or elevations) rasters. Technique accuracy varied by patch size for the categorical rasters, with higher accuracy as patch size increased. At the smallest patch size (1 ha), the technique that ignores error performed best on categorical data (0.31 and 0.30 accuracy for virtual and real data, respectively); however, as patch size increased the bivariate-weighted technique performed better (0.56 accuracy at patch sizes >31 ha) and achieved complete accuracy (i.e., 1.00 accuracy) at smaller patch sizes (472 ha and 1,522 ha for virtual and real data, respectively) than any other technique. We quantified the accuracy of the continuous covariates using the mean absolute difference (MAD) in covariate value between true and estimated locations. We found that average MAD varied between 104 m (ignore telemetry error) and 140 m (rescale the covariate data) for our continuous covariate surfaces across virtual and real data sets. Techniques that rescale continuous covariate data or use a zonal mean on values within a telemetry error polygon were significantly less accurate than other techniques. Although the technique that ignored telemetry error performed best on categorical rasters with smaller average patch sizes (i.e., <= 31 ha) and on continuous rasters in our study, accuracy was so low that the utility of using point-based approaches for quantifying resource use is questionable when telemetry data are imprecise, particularly for small-patch habitat relationships. C1 [Montgomery, Robert A.; Roloff, Gary J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Montgomery, RA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM montg164@msu.edu OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU Lyman Briggs College; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; University of Washington; South Dakota State University; University of Missouri; Custer State Park; [W-75-R] FX We thank Lyman Briggs College and the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University for supporting this research. Thanks are also due to C. Y. Lim for statistical guidance. Funding and logistical support for collection of the elk data were provided by Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, University of Washington, South Dakota State University, University of Missouri, Custer State Park, and Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act W-75-R; Study No. 7559 administered through the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. We thank J. Baldwin, B. Mueller, D. Welch, C. Willmott, and R. Woods for help with fieldwork. NR 76 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1917 EP 1925 DI 10.2193/2010-019 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000034 ER PT J AU Moore, SK Mantua, NJ Hickey, BM Trainer, VL AF Moore, Stephanie K. Mantua, Nathan J. Hickey, Barbara M. Trainer, Vera L. TI The relative influences of El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation in Pacific northwest shellfish SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PUGET-SOUND; ALEXANDRIUM-CATENELLA; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; SELECTION; IMPACTS; SHIFTS; STATE; COAST AB Historical records of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish from a coastal embayment in the Pacific Northwest of the United States are used to examine the influence of large-scale climate variations on aspects of Alexandrium catenella bloom dynamics on interannual and interdecadal timescales. An annual index of shellfish toxicity covaries with the number of days annually that sea surface temperature (SST) exceeds 13 degrees C-a known temperature threshold for increased shellfish toxicity in this region-and with an index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In contrast, no robust relationship exists between our shellfish toxicity index and an index of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We hypothesize that this is because anomalously warm water temperatures created during El Nino winters do not generally persist into the seasonal time period that shellfish in this region accumulate PSTs, which is typically in the summer and fall. In contrast, anomalously warm water temperatures created during warm-phase PDO winters and springs typically persist into the summer and fall, thereby increasing the number of days annually that SST exceeds 13 degrees C, and increasing the window of opportunity for Alexandrium blooms that ultimately lead to shellfish acquiring higher concentrations of PSTs. C1 [Moore, Stephanie K.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hickey, Barbara M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moore, SK (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. EM stephanie.moore@noaa.gov FU West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH); NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health [31]; NOAA Climate Program Office through the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX Shellfish toxicity data are used courtesy of the Washington State Department of Health. Sea surface temperature data from Sequim Bay were collected by N. Adams, B. Bill, and K. Baugh from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank B. Peterson, F. Cox, J. Borchert, R. Horner, J. Postel, C. Greengrove, and two anonymous reviewers for providing highly valued comments. This publication was supported by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health Publication No. 31. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington. This work was also supported by a grant from the NOAA Climate Program Office to the Center for Science in the Earth System through the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232. This is Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean Contribution No. 1425. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2262 EP 2274 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2262 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 728AE UT WOS:000287844700003 ER PT J AU Jiang, LQ Cai, WJ Feely, RA Wang, YC Guo, XH Gledhill, DK Hu, XP Arzayus, F Chen, FZ Hartmann, J Zhang, LJ AF Jiang, Li-Qing Cai, Wei-Jun Feely, Richard A. Wang, Yongchen Guo, Xianghui Gledhill, Dwight K. Hu, Xinping Arzayus, Felipe Chen, Feizhou Hartmann, Justin Zhang, Longjun TI Carbonate mineral saturation states along the US East Coast SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIOXIDE; SEAWATER; PH; WATERS; DISSOCIATION; CHEMISTRY; CONSTANTS AB To assess the impact of ocean acidification on the carbonate chemistry of the shelf waters off the southeastern United States (South Atlantic Bight [SAB]), we measured carbonate mineral saturation states from January 2005 to May 2006. The findings reveal that aragonite (Omega(arag): 2.6-4.0) and calcite (Omega(cal): 4.1-6.0) saturation states were considerably higher than those recently reported along the West Coast of North America. Different water mass age between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during global ocean circulation is the primary reason for the higher carbonate mineral saturation states in the SAB than along the West Coast. The contrasting water temperatures in the two coasts contribute to such differences. Both upwelling and freshwater discharge also play important roles in controlling saturation state. Carbonate mineral saturation in the surface water of the West Coast is strongly controlled by the upwelling of high-salinity, low-temperature, low-oxygen, and low-pH deep water. In comparison, saturation states in the surface water of the SAB coast are rarely affected by upwelling. Instead, they are strongly influenced by the input of low-saturation-state water from rivers. Continued increases of atmospheric CO2 under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change B1 emission scenario will decrease the carbonate mineral saturation states by up to 40% by the end of this century, and aragonite will approach undersaturation near the coast. C1 [Jiang, Li-Qing; Cai, Wei-Jun; Wang, Yongchen; Guo, Xianghui; Hu, Xinping; Chen, Feizhou; Hartmann, Justin] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zhang, Longjun] Ocean Univ China, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Arzayus, Felipe] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Gledhill, Dwight K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Gledhill, Dwight K.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Jiang, LQ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM Liqing.Jiang@yale.edu RI Hu, Xinping/F-6282-2011; Jiang, Li-Qing/G-5228-2014; Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013 OI Hu, Xinping/0000-0002-0613-6545; Jiang, Li-Qing/0000-0003-3311-1658; Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325 FU National Science Foundation (Division of Ocean Science) [OCE-0425153]; National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration [NA050AR4311161] FX Support for this work is from a National Science Foundation grant (Division of Ocean Science: OCE-0425153) and a National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration grant (NA050AR4311161) awarded to W.-J.C. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2424 EP 2432 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2424 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 728AE UT WOS:000287844700016 ER PT J AU Herndon, A Gallucci, VF DeMaster, D Burke, W AF Herndon, Andrew Gallucci, Vincent F. DeMaster, Douglas Burke, William TI The case for an international commission for the conservation and management of sharks (ICCMS) SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Shark conservation; International fisheries management; IWC; Shark finning ID SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; PRIONACE-GLAUCA; UNITED-STATES; WHITE SHARKS; ATLANTIC; OCEAN; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; MIGRATION; DOGFISH AB The current rate of shark global exploitation and mortality is arguably so high under current management regimes that unless a renewed initiative is undertaken some species of shark will become effectively extinct. Current efforts to sustainably manage shark mortality are driven primarily by domestic laws in a few countries, big international non-governmental organizations (BINGOs) promoting environmental laws in the countries or regions where they exist, a handful of regional fisheries management organizations (e.g., IATTC and ICCAT), and inter-governmental organizations such as CITES. The absence of enforcement capability is often argued as the critical component in the failure to protect sharks from overexploitation. The remedy advanced here goes far beyond the need for stepped up enforcement, and calls for the creation of an entirely new international management regime, the International Commission for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (ICCMS). Such an agency could learn from the experiences of management bodies tasked with conservation of species biologically similar to sharks, such as the International Whaling Commission (IWC), to improve its efficacy. Critics have identified many organizational flaws that reduced the IWC's effectiveness during its earliest years. Some of those flaws are examined here and remedies are suggested that an ICCMS could use to create a more effective management regime. The life histories of elasmobranches and large whales are compared to illustrate their similarities as a biological foundation for the selection of the IWC as a model. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Herndon, Andrew; Gallucci, Vincent F.; Burke, William] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [DeMaster, Douglas] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Herndon, Andrew] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, Protected Species Div, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Herndon, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, 3707 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM Andrew.Herndon@noaa.gov NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1239 EP 1248 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.05.001 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 641ZY UT WOS:000281173600015 ER PT J AU Jacob, S Weeks, P Blount, BG Jepson, M AF Jacob, Steve Weeks, Priscilla Blount, Benjamin G. Jepson, Michael TI Exploring fishing dependence in gulf coast communities SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Fishing dependence; Social indicators; Ethnography; Evaluation AB Two unrelated data sources (quantitative secondary data and qualitative primary data) and mixed methodologies (statistical analysis and ethnography) are used to define the concept of, and develop indicators for, fishing dependence. Techniques for integrating differing data sources are developed. Comparisons of the qualitative rankings with the quantitative rankings were, overall, positive and statistically significant. The process used thus confirmed that the indicators were reliable measures for fishing dependence. In terms of external validity and triangulation, the process used was more rigorous than using ethnography "after-the-fact" to ground-truth the quantitative indicators. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weeks, Priscilla] Houston Adv Res Ctr, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. [Jacob, Steve] York Coll Penn, York, PA 17405 USA. [Blount, Benjamin G.] SocioEcol Informat, Helotes, TX 78023 USA. [Jepson, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, Social Sci Branch, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Weeks, P (reprint author), Houston Adv Res Ctr, 4800 Res Forest Dr, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. EM sjacob@ycp.edu; pweeks@harc.edu; bblount13239@sbcglobal.net; michael.jepson@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1307 EP 1314 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.06.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 641ZY UT WOS:000281173600023 ER PT J AU Tissot, BN Best, BA Borneman, EH Bruckner, AW Cooper, CH D'Agnes, H Fitzgerald, TP Leland, A Lieberman, S Amos, AM Sumaila, R Telecky, TM McGilvray, F Plankis, BJ Rhyne, AL Roberts, GG Starkhouse, B Stevenson, TC AF Tissot, Brian N. Best, Barbara A. Borneman, Eric H. Bruckner, Andrew W. Cooper, Cara H. D'Agnes, Heather Fitzgerald, Timothy P. Leland, Amanda Lieberman, Susan Amos, Amy Mathews Sumaila, Rashid Telecky, Teresa M. McGilvray, Frazer Plankis, Brian J. Rhyne, Andrew L. Roberts, Glynnis G. Starkhouse, Benjamin Stevenson, Todd C. TI How US ocean policy and market power can reform the coral reef wildlife trade SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Coral reef; Marine ornamental trade; CITES; Lacey Act; Destructive fishing; Aquarium ID LIONFISH PTEROIS-VOLITANS; AQUARIUM TRADE; FISHES; INVASION AB As the world's largest importer of marine ornamental species for the aquaria, curio, home decor, and jewelry industries, the United States has an opportunity to leverage its considerable market power to promote more sustainable trade and reduce the effects of ornamental trade stress on coral reefs worldwide. Evidence indicates that collection of some coral reef animals for these trades has caused virtual elimination of local populations, major changes in age structure, and promotion of collection practices that destroy reef habitats. Management and enforcement of collection activities in major source countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines remain weak. Strengthening US trade laws and enforcement capabilities combined with increasing consumer and industry demand for responsible conservation can create strong incentives for improving management in source countries. This is particularly important in light of the March 2010 failure of the parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to take action on key groups of corals. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tissot, Brian N.; Stevenson, Todd C.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Best, Barbara A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Nat Resources, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Borneman, Eric H.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Bruckner, Andrew W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cooper, Cara H.; Fitzgerald, Timothy P.; Leland, Amanda] Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [D'Agnes, Heather] US Agcy Int Dev, Inst Publ Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lieberman, Susan] Pew Charitable Trusts, Pew Environm Grp, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Amos, Amy Mathews] Turnstone Consulting, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Sumaila, Rashid; Starkhouse, Benjamin] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Telecky, Teresa M.] Humane Soc Int, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [McGilvray, Frazer] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Plankis, Brian J.] Reef Stewardship Fdn, Pearland, TX 77584 USA. [Rhyne, Andrew L.] Roger Williams Univ & New England Aquarium, RWU Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Roberts, Glynnis G.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tissot, BN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM tissot@vancouver.wsu.edu OI Rhyne, Andrew/0000-0001-7252-3431 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1385 EP 1388 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.06.002 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 641ZY UT WOS:000281173600033 ER PT J AU Willis, Z Manley, J AF Willis, Zdenka Manley, Justin TI Ocean Observing: Delivering the Benefits INTRODUCTION SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Willis, Zdenka] NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500001 ER PT J AU Lubchenco, J AF Lubchenco, Jane TI Ocean Observations: Essential for Good Stewardship SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Lubchenco, J (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 6 EP 9 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500002 ER PT J AU Bassett, R Beard, R Burnett, W Crout, R Griffith, B Jensen, R Signell, R AF Bassett, Robert Beard, Russ Burnett, William Crout, Richard Griffith, Bryon Jensen, Robert Signell, Richard TI Implementing the National Integrated Ocean From the Observing System (IOOS (R))-Federal Agency Perspective SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The national Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) is responsible for coordinating a network of people, resources, and technology to disseminate continuous data, information, models, products, and services made throughout our coastal waters, Great Lakes, and the oceans. There are many components of the IOOS-including government academic, and private entities. This article will focus on some of the federal contributions to IOOS and describe the capabilities of several agency partners. C1 [Bassett, Robert] NOAA NOS, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Burnett, William] NOAA NWS, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Beard, Russ] NOAA NESDIS, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Crout, Richard] NOAA NDBC, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Signell, Richard] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Bassett, R (reprint author), NOAA NOS, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 1305 East West Highway,Bldg SSMC4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Robert.bassett@noaa.gov; Bill.burnett@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 32 EP 41 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500010 ER PT J AU de la Beaujardiere, J Mendelssohn, R Ortiz, C Signell, R AF de la Beaujardiere, Jeff Mendelssohn, Roy Ortiz, Carmel Signell, Richard TI Building the IOOS (R) Data Management Subsystem SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB We discuss progress to date and plans for the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)). Data Management and Communications (DMAC) subsystem. We begin by presenting a conceptual architecture of IOOS DMAC. We describe work done as part of a 3-year pilot project known as the Data Integration Framework and the subsequent assessment of lessons learned. We present work that has been accomplished as part of the initial version of the IOOS Data Catalog. Finally, we discuss near-term plans for augmenting IOOS DMAC capabilities. C1 [de la Beaujardiere, Jeff] NOAA, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy] NOAA NMFS, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ortiz, Carmel] Skjei Telecom, US IOOS Program Off, Falls Church, VA USA. [Signell, Richard] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP de la Beaujardiere, J (reprint author), NOAA, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jeff.deLaBeaujardiere@noaa.gov RI de La Beaujardiere, Jeff/D-9579-2012 OI de La Beaujardiere, Jeff/0000-0002-1001-9210 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500014 ER PT J AU Read, J Klump, V Johengen, T Schwab, D Paige, K Eddy, S Anderson, E Manninen, C AF Read, Jennifer Klump, Val Johengen, Tom Schwab, David Paige, Kelli Eddy, Stuart Anderson, Eric Manninen, Christine TI Working in Freshwater: The Great Lakes Observing System Contributions to Regional and National Observations, Data Infrastructure, and Decision Support SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Observation; Decision support; Drinking water; Modeling; Spill response ID QUALITY; NETWORK AB The Laurentian Great Lakes is the world's largest freshwater ecosystem. A charge of the Great Lakes Observing System (GLOS) Regional Association is to help coordinate and integrate data and information relative to the needs of multiple user communities decision makers with responsibility for coastal resources, maritime operations, human health and water security data, and issues associated with adapting to climate change and weather-related hazards. This article outlines the process GLOS has developed for determining regional data and information needs, how GLOS outreach activities inform data management functions and the development of decision support tools, and how the nearshore network of multiple observation platform types was conceived and is being implemented. The article finishes with a case study of this approach as it is being applied to source water protection, spill response, and search and rescue in the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River, the connecting channels that link Lake Huron to Lake Erie. C1 [Klump, Val] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Johengen, Tom; Anderson, Eric] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schwab, David] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM jread@glos.us RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 84 EP 98 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500015 ER PT J AU Jochens, AE Malone, TC Stumpf, RP Hickey, BM Carter, M Morrison, R Dyble, J Jones, B Trainer, VL AF Jochens, Ann E. Malone, Thomas C. Stumpf, Richard P. Hickey, Barbara M. Carter, Melissa Morrison, Ru Dyble, Juli Jones, Burt Trainer, Vera L. TI Integrated Ocean Observing System in Support of Forecasting Harmful Algal Blooms SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Integrated Ocean Observing System; harmful algal bloom; HAS forecasting; Karenia brevis; Alexandrium spp.; Dinophysis spp.; Pseudo-nitzschia spp.; Microcystis spp.; Heterosigma akashiwo ID ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE BLOOMS; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; FUCA EDDY REGION; FLORIDA RED TIDE; DOMOIC ACID; LAKE-ERIE; WASHINGTON COAST; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; KARENIA-BREVIS; GREAT-LAKES AB Harmful algal bloom (HAS) events threaten human health, living marine resources, and ecosystem health. Their occurrence has increased in frequency, duration, and severity over the last several decades. Preventing, controlling, or mitigating the impacts of HABs requires the development of permanent, operational ocean observing systems that continuously provide the data and information necessary for rapid detection and timely forecasts of changes in ecosystem states. Key elements of such observing systems are observations and modeling that must be efficiently linked via data management and communication networks. Building the observing system begins by integrating existing assets, is followed by incorporation of new technologies and knowledge, and is guided by the data and information needs of decision makers. User needs are particularly important for development of operational forecast models and new sensors for measuring required biological (e.g., HAB species abundance) and chemical (e.g., concentrations of HAB toxins) variables in near real time. This article describes operational observing system requirements for a HAB forecasting system and current efforts by Regional Associations to develop these observing systems for targeted species in their respective regions. C1 [Jochens, Ann E.] Texas A&M Univ, Gulf Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing Syst Reg Asso, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Malone, Thomas C.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hickey, Barbara M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carter, Melissa] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Dyble, Juli] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Jones, Burt] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Jochens, AE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, GCOOS Reg Assoc, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ajochens@tamu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09NOS4780180]; National Science Foundation [OCE0942675] FX The authors thank the executive directors and regional coordinators of the 11 IOOS RAs for assisting with identification of information to be included and, in some cases, for arranging for someone from the region to provide input. They also thank Don Anderson, Gary Kirkpatrick, Worth Nowlin, Josie Quintrell, Zdenka Willis, and three anonymous reviewers for their excellent suggestions and comments that improved the article. The work of Dr. Hickey was supported by the Coastal Ocean Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA09NOS4780180) and the National Science Foundation (OCE0942675); this is contribution # 633 and 3 of the ECOHAB and PNWTOX programs, respectively. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the supporting agencies. NR 79 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 25 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 99 EP 121 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500016 ER PT J AU Harlan, J Terrill, E Hazard, L Keen, C Barrick, D Whelan, C Howden, S Kohut, J AF Harlan, Jack Terrill, Eric Hazard, Lisa Keen, Carolyn Barrick, Donald Whelan, Chad Howden, Stephan Kohut, Josh TI The Integrated Ocean Observing System High-Frequency Radar Network: Status and Local, Regional, and National Applications SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE CURRENT MEASUREMENTS; HF RADAR; SEA AB A national high-frequency radar network has been created over the past 20 years or so that provides hourly 2-D ocean surface current velocity fields in near real time from a few kilometers offshore out to approximately 200 km. This preoperational network is made up of more than 100 radars from 30 different institutions. The Integrated Ocean Observing System efforts have supported the standards-based ingest and delivery of these velocity fields to a number of applications such as coastal search and rescue, oil spill response, water quality monitoring, and safe and efficient 1 marine navigation. Thus, regardless of the operating institution or location of the radar systems, emergency response managers, and other users, can rely on a common source and means of obtaining and using the data. Details of the history, the physics, and the application of high-frequency radar are discussed with successes of the integrated network highlighted. C1 [Harlan, Jack] NOAA, IOOS Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Terrill, Eric; Hazard, Lisa] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Coastal Observing R&D Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Keen, Carolyn] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA USA. [Howden, Stephan] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Kohut, Josh] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Harlan, J (reprint author), NOAA, IOOS Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM jack.harlan@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 122 EP 132 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 712FG UT WOS:000286649500017 ER PT J AU Gu, DZ Walter, DK Randa, J AF Gu, Dazhen Walter, David K. Randa, James TI NOISE-PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS WITH A REFLECTION TYPE PHASE SHIFTER SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE amplifier noise parameters; noise measurement; phase shifter; source pull technique; uncertainty analysis AB We report a miniaturized phase shifter operating in the frequency range from 5 to 7 GHz for noise-parameter extraction. Such a tunable solid-state unit represents a significant reduction in the size and mass as a source-pull component, compared to its mechanical counterparts. It provides adequate impedance coverage, ultra-fast response, as well as high repeatability, across the designed region. A packaged low-noise amplifier was measured at integer frequencies by use of the phase shifter on the NIST NFRad system. The measured results exhibited good accuracy. The combined uncertainties (Type-A and Type-B) are below 6% for both the minimum noise temperature and the magnitude of the optimum input reflection coefficient. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2600-2603, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25532 C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Walter, David K.; Randa, James] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Randa, James] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dazhen.gu@boulder.nist.gov RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0895-2477 EI 1098-2760 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2600 EP 2603 DI 10.1002/mop.25532 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 650EH UT WOS:000281831500056 ER PT J AU Salinas, K Hemmer, MJ Serrano, J Higgins, L Anderson, LB Benninghoff, AD Williams, DE Walker, C AF Salinas, K. Hemmer, M. J. Serrano, J. Higgins, L. Anderson, L. B. Benninghoff, A. D. Williams, D. E. Walker, C. TI Identification of Estrogen-Responsive Vitelline Envelope Protein Fragments From Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Plasma Using Mass Spectrometry SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; EGG; FISH; LIVER; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; BIOMARKERS; PROTEOMICS; ORGANISMS AB Plasma peptides previously associated with exposure of juvenile male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus rnykiss) to the hormone 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Specifically, plasma peptides of interest were fractionated and subsequently identified via spectra obtained by MALDI QqTOF MS/MS and LC-MALDI TOFTOF MS/MS analysis, de novo sequencing and database matching. The two peptide masses were identified as significant matches for fragments of the C-terminal propeptides from rainbow trout vitelline envelope protein (VEP)alpha and VEP gamma isoforms. Our findings document the presence of the C-terminal propeptides from rainbow trout VEP alpha and VEP gamma proteins in the bloodstream of juvenile male rainbow trout exposed to E2 via MALDI-TOF-MS detection. We provide three possible explanations for the presence of C-terminal propeptides in the bloodstream, as well as compare previously obtained hepatic transcriptomic results with the plasma proteomic results obtained in the present study. C1 [Salinas, K.; Hemmer, M. J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Serrano, J.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Higgins, L.; Anderson, L. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Biophys, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Benninghoff, A. D.] Utah State Univ, Grad Program Toxicol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Williams, D. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Williams, D. E.] Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Walker, C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Natl Seafood Inspect Lab, Pascagoula, MS USA. RP Salinas, K (reprint author), 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32514 USA. EM salinas.kimberly@epa.gov FU Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center at Oregon State University; Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; NIH [ES013534, ES00210, ES003850]; Gulf Ecology Division Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center at Oregon State University FX The information in this document has been subjected to review by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is contribution number 1360 from the Gulf Ecology Division. Dr. Benninghoff and Dr. Williams wish to acknowledge support of the Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center and the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University. The information in this document has been funded wholly (or in part) by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Dr. Benninghoff and Dr. Williams wish to acknowledge financial support from NIH grants ES013534, ES00210, and ES003850.; Supported by the Gulf Ecology Division Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center, the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University and the NIH (grants ES013534, ES00210, ES003850). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 77 IS 11 BP 963 EP 970 DI 10.1002/mrd.21244 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 692PQ UT WOS:000285165400005 PM 20939045 ER PT J AU Jeglum, ME Steenburgh, WJ Lee, TP Bosart, LF AF Jeglum, Matthew E. Steenburgh, W. James Lee, Tiros P. Bosart, Lance F. TI Multi-Reanalysis Climatology of Intermountain Cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SURROUNDING OCEAN ENVIRONS; MOUNTAIN LEE CYCLOGENESIS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; NORTH-AMERICA; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; BAROCLINIC WAVES; SURFACE-ANALYSES; ANTI-CYCLONES; HEMISPHERE AB The topography in and around the Intermountain West strongly affects the genesis, migration, and lysis of extratropical cyclones Here intermountain (i e Nevada or Great Basin) cyclone (IC) activity and evolution are examined using the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim) the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis from 1989 to 2008, the period during which all three arc available The Is are defined and tracked objectively as 850-hPa geopotential height depressions of >= 40 m that persist for >= 12 h The monthly distribution of IC center and genesis frequency in all three reanalyses is bimodal with spring (absolute) and fall (secondary) maxima Although the results arc sensitive to differences in resolution, topographic representation, and reanalysis methodology, both the ERA Interim and NARR produce frequent IC centers and genesis in the Great Basin cyclone region, which extends from the southern "high" Sierra to northwest Utah. and the Canyonlands cyclone region, which lies over the upper Colorado River basin of southeast Utah The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis fails to resolve these two distinct cyclone regions and produces less frequent IC centers and genesis than the ERA-Interim and NARR An ERA-Interim-based composite of strong ICs generated in cross-Sierra (210 degrees-300 degrees) 500-hPa flow shows that cyclogenesis is preceded by the development of the Great Basin confluence zone (GBCZ), a regional airstream boundary that extends downstream from the Sierra Nevada across the Intermountain West Cyclogenesis occurs along the GBCZ as large-scale ascent develops over the Intermountain West in advance of an approaching upper level trough Flow splitting around the high Sierra and the presence of low-level baroclinicity along the GBCZ suggest that IC evolution may be better conceptualized from a potential vorticity perspective than from traditional quasigeostrophic models of lee cyclogenesis Although these results provide new insights into IC activity and evolution, analysis uncertainty and the cyclone identification criteria are important sources of ambiguity that cannot be fully eliminated C1 [Jeglum, Matthew E.; Steenburgh, W. James] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lee, Tiros P.] NOAA NWS NCEP NCO, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Bosart, Lance F.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY USA. RP Steenburgh, WJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 South,1460 East,Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jim.steenburgh@utah.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0627937]; National Weather Service FX We thank Court Strong, Larry Dunn, and John Horel for their suggestions and comments and gratefully acknowledge the provision of datasets, software, or computer time and services by the ECMWF, NCEP, NCAR, Unidata Program Center, Center for Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, and University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0627937 and the National Weather Service C-STAR program Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the National Weather Service NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 138 IS 11 BP 4035 EP 4053 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3432.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690WG UT WOS:000285039700003 ER PT J AU Adhikari, P Hong, Y Douglas, KR Kirschbaum, DB Gourley, J Adler, R Brakenridge, GR AF Adhikari, Pradeep Hong, Yang Douglas, Kimberly R. Kirschbaum, Dalia Bach Gourley, Jonathan Adler, Robert Brakenridge, G. Robert TI A digitized global flood inventory (1998-2008): compilation and preliminary results SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Flood database; Global hazard assessment; Spatiotemporal analysis; Fatality, impact assessment; Hydrological modeling AB Floods have profound impacts on populations worldwide in terms of both loss of life and property. A global inventory of floods is an important tool for quantifying the spatial and temporal distribution of floods and for evaluating global flood prediction models. Several global hazard inventories currently exist; however, their utility for spatiotemporal analysis of global floods is limited. The existing flood catalogs either fail to record the geospatial area over which the flood impacted or restrict the types of flood events included in the database according to a set of criteria, limiting the scope of the inventory. To improve upon existing databases, and make it more comprehensive, we have compiled a digitized Global Flood Inventory (GFI) for the period 1998-2008 which also geo-references each flood event by latitude and longitude. This technical report presents the methodology used to compile the GFI and preliminary findings on the spatial and temporal distributions of the flooding events that are contained in the inventory. C1 [Adhikari, Pradeep; Hong, Yang; Douglas, Kimberly R.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Res, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirschbaum, Dalia Bach; Adler, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Brakenridge, G. Robert] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Dartmouth Flood Observ, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Res, Natl Weather Ctr Suite 3630, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kirschbaum, Dalia/F-9596-2012; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Adhikari, Pradeep/0000-0003-2218-4376 FU NASA; National Science Foundation FX This study is supported by NASA Applied Science Global Flood and Landslide Project, NASA SERVIR-Africa Project, and National Science Foundation's REU award to School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences at the University of Oklahoma. The authors would like to extend their appreciation to many institutions, particularly the EM-DAT and DFO for sharing the flood hazard data for the current study. Similarly, the authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments and suggestion which helped to improve the earlier manuscript. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 405 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s11069-010-9537-2 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 671MJ UT WOS:000283509900017 ER PT J AU Ham, MH Choi, JH Boghossian, AA Jeng, ES Graff, RA Heller, DA Chang, AC Mattis, A Bayburt, TH Grinkova, YV Zeiger, AS Van Vliet, KJ Hobbie, EK Sligar, SG Wraight, CA Strano, MS AF Ham, Moon-Ho Choi, Jong Hyun Boghossian, Ardemis A. Jeng, Esther S. Graff, Rachel A. Heller, Daniel A. Chang, Alice C. Mattis, Aidas Bayburt, Timothy H. Grinkova, Yelena V. Zeiger, Adam S. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Hobbie, Erik K. Sligar, Stephen G. Wraight, Colin A. Strano, Michael S. TI Photoelectrochemical complexes for solar energy conversion that chemically and autonomously regenerate SO NATURE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CARBON NANOTUBES; CELLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPHAEROIDES; PROTEINS; BINDING; FILMS; GEL AB Naturally occurring photosynthetic systems use elaborate pathways of self-repair to limit the impact of photo-damage. Here, we demonstrate a complex consisting of two recombinant proteins, phospholipids and a carbon nanotube that mimics this process. The components self-assemble into a configuration in which an array of lipid bilayers aggregate on the surface of the carbon nanotube, creating a platform for the attachment of light-converting proteins. The system can disassemble upon the addition of a surfactant and reassemble upon its removal over an indefinite number of cycles. The assembly is thermodynamically metastable and can only transition reversibly if the rate of surfactant removal exceeds a threshold value. Only in the assembled state do the complexes exhibit photoelectrochemical activity. We demonstrate a regeneration cycle that uses surfactant to switch between assembled and disassembled states, resulting in an increased photoconversion efficiency of more than 300% over 168 hours and an indefinite extension of the system lifetime. C1 [Ham, Moon-Ho; Boghossian, Ardemis A.; Jeng, Esther S.; Graff, Rachel A.; Heller, Daniel A.; Chang, Alice C.; Strano, Michael S.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Choi, Jong Hyun] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Bindley Biosci Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mattis, Aidas; Bayburt, Timothy H.; Grinkova, Yelena V.; Sligar, Stephen G.; Wraight, Colin A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zeiger, Adam S.; Van Vliet, Krystyn J.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hobbie, Erik K.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ham, MH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM strano@mit.edu RI Heller, Daniel/A-4283-2008; Ham, Moon-Ho/K-1305-2012; Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; Zhou, Charlie/N-5376-2015 OI Heller, Daniel/0000-0002-6866-0000; FU ENI Petroleum Co. Inc.; MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI); U.S. Department of Energy [ER46488]; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-357-D00133]; Purdue University; NIH [GM33775] FX This work was financially supported by a grant from ENI Petroleum Co. Inc. Eni S.p.A. under the Eni-MIT Alliance Solar Frontiers Program, seed funding from the MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI) and the U.S. Department of Energy (grant no. ER46488). M.H.H. is grateful for support from the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2007-357-D00133). J.H.C. acknowledges financial support from Purdue University. Membrane scaffold proteins were produced and initial PSII reconstitution experiments were supported by NIH GM33775. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 100 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1755-4330 J9 NAT CHEM JI Nat. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 11 BP 929 EP 936 DI 10.1038/NCHEM.822 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 669MG UT WOS:000283354300011 PM 20966948 ER PT J AU Di Lorenzo, E Cobb, KM Furtado, JC Schneider, N Anderson, BT Bracco, A Alexander, MA Vimont, DJ AF Di Lorenzo, E Cobb, KM Furtado, JC Schneider, N Anderson, BT Bracco, A Alexander, MA Vimont, DJ TI Central Pacific El Nino and decadal climate change in the North Pacific Ocean SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; WINTER; PHYTOPLANKTON; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE; ANOMALIES; PATTERNS; TROPICS; EVENTS; IMPACT AB Decadal fluctuations of the ocean and atmosphere over the North Pacific Ocean significantly affect the weather and climate of North America and Eurasia. They also cause transitions between different states of marine ecosystems across the Pacific Ocean(1-3). An important fraction of North Pacific low-frequency variability is linked to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation(4), a climate pattern associated with decadal fluctuations of the ocean circulation. Decadal variations in the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation are characterized by a pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies that resemble the central Pacific El Nino, a dominant mode of interannual variability with far-reaching effects on global climate patterns(5-7). Here we use an ensemble of simulations with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to show that the sea surface temperature anomalies associated with central Pacific El Nino force changes in the extra-tropical atmospheric circulation. These changes in turn drive the decadal fluctuations of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation. Given that central Pacific El Nino events could become more frequent with increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere(8), we infer that the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation may play an increasingly important role in shaping Pacific climate and marine ecosystems in the twenty-first century. C1 [Di Lorenzo, E; Cobb, KM; Furtado, JC] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schneider, N] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schneider, N] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Alexander, MA] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Alexander, MA; Vimont, DJ] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Anderson, BT] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Di Lorenzo, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM edl@gatech.edu RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Furtado, Jason/A-3459-2015; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Furtado, Jason/0000-0001-6580-2109; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 NR 29 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 6 U2 67 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 762 EP 765 DI 10.1038/NGEO984 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 673GZ UT WOS:000283648800018 ER PT J AU Cundiff, ST Weiner, AM AF Cundiff, Steven T. Weiner, Andrew M. TI Optical arbitrary waveform generation SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; FREQUENCY COMB GENERATOR; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; REPETITION-RATE; WAVELENGTH DEMULTIPLEXER; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; PULSE GENERATION; PHASE-CONTROL; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION AB Optical arbitrary waveform generation will allow waveforms to be synthesized at optical frequencies but with the flexibility currently available at radiofrequencies. This technique is enabled by combining frequency comb technology, which produces trains of optical pulses with a well-defined frequency spectrum, with pulse shaping methods, which are used to transform a train of ultrashort pulses into an arbitrary waveform. To produce a waveform that fills time, the resolution of the shaper must match the repetition rate of the original pulse train, which in turn must have a comb spectrum that is locked to the shaper. Here, we review the current efforts towards achieving optical arbitrary waveform generation and discuss the possible applications of this technology. C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 FU NIST; Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-09-1-0068] FX S.T.C. was supported by NIST. A.M.W. was supported in part by the Naval Postgraduate School under grant N00244-09-1-0068 through the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship programme. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 61 TC 159 Z9 164 U1 12 U2 61 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 760 EP 766 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.196 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 672MP UT WOS:000283589200015 ER PT J AU Rakher, MT Ma, LJ Slattery, O Tang, XA Srinivasan, K AF Rakher, Matthew T. Ma, Lijun Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao Srinivasan, Kartik TI Quantum transduction of telecommunications-band single photons from a quantum dot by frequency upconversion SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID PERIODICALLY POLED LINBO3; WAVE-GUIDE; INFRARED SPECTROMETER; LINEAR OPTICS; FIBER TAPER; TELEPORTATION; WAVELENGTHS; GENERATION; QUBITS; COMMUNICATION AB Transducing non-classical states of light from one wavelength to another is required for integrating disparate quantum systems that take advantage of telecommunications-band photons for optical-fibre transmission of quantum information and near-visible, stationary systems for manipulation and storage. In addition, transducing a single-photon source at 1.3 mu m to visible wavelengths would be integral to linear optical quantum computation because of near-infrared detection challenges. Recently, transduction at single-photon power levels has been accomplished through frequency upconversion, but it has yet to be demonstrated for a true single-photon source. Here, we transduce triggered single photons from a semiconductor quantum dot at 1.3 mu m to 710 nm with 21% (75%) total detection (internal conversion) efficiency. We demonstrate that the upconverted signal maintains the quantum character of the original light, yielding a second-order intensity correlation, g((2))(tau), that shows that the optical field is composed of single photons with g((2))(0) = 0.165 < 0.5. C1 [Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Srinivasan, Kartik/D-6369-2010; Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197 NR 42 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 10 U2 39 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 786 EP 791 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.221 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 672MP UT WOS:000283589200020 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, RC House, D Ryan, JC AF Shoemaker, Ritchie C. House, Dennis Ryan, James C. TI Defining the neurotoxin derived illness chronic ciguatera using markers of chronic systemic inflammatory disturbances: A case/control study SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ciguatera fish poisoning; Ciguatoxin; Inflammation; Immune; Biotoxin; Chronic inflammatory response syndrome ID MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; HLA-DR; EXPRESSION; PEPTIDE; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NEUROPEPTIDES; INTOXICATION AB Background: Ciguatoxins are extremely potent neurotoxins, produced by tropical marine dinoflagellates, that persistently enter into our food web. Over 100,000 people annually experience acute ciguatera poisoning from consuming toxic fish. Roughly 5% of these victims will develop chronic ciguatera (CC), a widespread, multisymptom, multisystem, chronic illness that can last tens of years. CC is marked by disproportionate disability and non-specific refractory symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive deficits and pain, and is suggestive of other illnesses. Its unknown pathophysiology makes both diagnosis and treatment difficult. Objectives: We wanted to compare objective parameters of visual contrast sensitivity testing, measures of innate immune response and genetic markers in cases to controls to assess the potential for the presence of persistent inflammatory parameters that are demonstrated in other biotoxin associated illnesses at a single specialty clinic. Methods: Using 59 CC cases and 59 controls we present in retrospective review, in all cases, abnormalities in immune responses paralleling the chronic systemic inflammatory response syndrome seen in several other chronic diseases. Results: This study defines a preliminary case definition using medical history, total symptoms, visual contrast sensitivity, HLA DR genotype analysis, reduction of regulatory neuropeptides VIP and MSH, and multiple measures of inflammatory immune response, especially C4a and TGF beta 1, thereby providing a basis for identification and targeted therapy. Conclusions: CC provides a model for chronic human illness associated with initiation of inflammatory responses by biologically produced neurotoxins. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shoemaker, Ritchie C.; House, Dennis] Ctr Res Biotoxin Associated Illnesses, Pocomoke City, MD USA. [Ryan, James C.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), 500 Market St, Pocomoke City, MD 21851 USA. EM ritchieshoemaker@msn.com OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 FU Center for Research on Biotoxin Associated Illnesses; Center for Research on Biotoxin Associated Illnesses, Pocomoke, MD [501-c-3] FX Ritchie C. Shoemaker MD is medical director of the Center for Research on Biotoxin Associated Illnesses, which is a not-for-profit institution in the United States. The Center for Research on Biotoxin Associated Illnesses funded the work carried out in this research paper.; Grant information: Funding for this study was provided by the Center for Research on Biotoxin Associated Illnesses, a private, non-profit 501-c-3 organization, Pocomoke, MD 21851. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.05.007 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 692BY UT WOS:000285127700008 PM 20685390 ER PT J AU Guan, ZL Kim, JB Wang, H Jaye, C Fischer, DA Loo, YL Kahn, A AF Guan, Ze-Lei Kim, Jong Bok Wang, He Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Loo, Yueh-Lin Kahn, Antoine TI Direct determination of the electronic structure of the poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-[6,6]-C61 butyric acid methyl ester blend SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Electronic structure; Bulk heterojunction; Blend; P3HT; PCBM; Interface dipole ID ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; PLASTIC SOLAR-CELLS; ORGANIC INTERFACES; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; HETEROJUNCTIONS; ORIENTATION; MORPHOLOGY; EFFICIENCY; DIPOLE AB This article focuses on the electronic structure of the poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-[6,6]-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) blend, widely used in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Given the fact that the surface of the blend film is a nearly pure P3HT wetting layer, we use a lift-off method to access the originally buried surface, which is rich in both P3HT and PCBM and thus representative of the BHJ. The combination of direct and inverse photoemission spectroscopy on this surface leads to a determination of the energy gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the acceptor and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the donor. The gap is similar to 1.4 eV, which implies a 0.5-0.6 eV interface dipole barrier between the two materials. The energy gap is found to be stable versus in situ annealing up to 100 degrees C. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guan, Ze-Lei; Wang, He; Kahn, Antoine] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kim, Jong Bok; Wang, He; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guan, ZL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM zeleig@princeton.edu RI Loo, Yueh-Lin/C-6607-2011; Guan, Zelei/E-1241-2011; Wang, He/C-3202-2012 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46165]; Office of Science DOE Energy Frontier Research Center for Interface Science: Solar Electric Materials [DE-S0001084]; Princeton MRSEC [DMR-0819860]; ONR [N000140811175] FX Support of this work by the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-04ER46165), the Office of Science DOE Energy Frontier Research Center for Interface Science: Solar Electric Materials (DE-S0001084), the Princeton MRSEC (DMR-0819860) and the Organic Photovoltaic Program at ONR (N000140811175) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 32 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 6 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1779 EP 1785 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2010.07.023 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 656WB UT WOS:000282370700012 ER PT J AU Tribollet, AD Schils, T Vroom, PS AF Tribollet, Aline D. Schils, Toni Vroom, Peter S. TI Spatio-temporal variability in macroalgal assemblages of American Samoa SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE American Samoa; Coral reefs; Macroalgal abundance; Spatio-temporal variability ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEF COMMUNITIES; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; PHASE-SHIFTS; ROSE-ATOLL; ALGAE; PATTERNS; ARCHIPELAGO; NITROGEN; BIODIVERSITY AB Spatial and temporal variability of relative abundance of macroalgae at the genus and functional group levels was examined at 14 m depth across the six islands of American Samoa between 2004 and 2006. Diversity of common macroalgae was high with 54 taxa (50 genera and four algal functional groups) identified from sampled quadrats. The highest taxon richness (33) was found at the largest island, Tutuila. Crustose coralline algae, mixed turf algal assemblages, and the chlorophyte Halimeda were ubiquitous across all islands. Other algal genera or functional groups were, however, representative of specific areas. For instance, the chlorophyte Microdictyon was only found at Rose Atoll and Swains Island (the only low open-ocean atoll systems examined). Similarly, the siphonous green alga Rhipilia only occurred at Swains Island, where it was very abundant. Multivariate analyses revealed that macroalgal assemblages differed significantly among sites around a single island and among islands. All islands were significantly different from each other with Swains Islands having the most important dissimilarity with other islands. We hypothesize that Swains Island differs from the other islands because of its geographic isolation. Statistical analyses also highlighted significant differences in the relative abundance of macroalgae between years. The interaction between spatial and temporal variability was also significant, indicating that temporal changes in algal assemblages are island dependant, and spatial differences among islands are a function of the year in which surveys were conducted. Changes in algal assemblages between the 2004 and 2006 surveys were apparent for all islands except Swains Island and Tutuila, probably because of intense cyclone activity in the region during 2005 (Cyclone Olaf). This study contributes to the overall understanding of coral reef diversity and function in American Samoa and forms a baseline for future algal monitoring surveys. C1 [Tribollet, Aline D.; Vroom, Peter S.] NOAA Fisheries, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Schils, Toni] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. RP Tribollet, AD (reprint author), IRD, BP A5, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. EM aline.tribollet@ird.fr RI Schils, Tom/A-7087-2008 OI Schils, Tom/0000-0002-1516-9082 FU NOAA Fisheries Office of Habitat Conservation FX We would like to thank Kimberly Page (CRED), Bonnie DeJoseph (CRED), and Meghan Dailer (UH Botany) for their help in collecting algal field data. Special thanks to Captains Ken Barton and Scott Kuester and the crews of the NOAA ships Oscar Elton Sette and Hi'ialakai. Funding to PIFSC-CRED for scientific expeditions to American Samoa was provided through the NOAA Fisheries Office of Habitat Conservation, as part of the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The observations and collections of algae carried out in American Samoa complied with the current laws of the country. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD NOV PY 2010 VL 49 IS 6 BP 574 EP 591 DI 10.2216/09-63.1 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676JN UT WOS:000283907300006 ER PT J AU Pitman, RL Durban, JW AF Pitman, Robert L. Durban, John W. TI Killer whale predation on penguins in Antarctica SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Peninsula; Chinstrap Penguin; Gentoo Penguin; Killer whale; Orcinus orca; Predation ID ORCINUS-ORCA; BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; ADELIE; ISLAND AB We report here the first published observations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) feeding on penguins in Antarctica. The sightings took place in the Gerlache Strait off the western Antarctic Peninsula during February 2010. Two species of pygoscelid penguins were taken-gentoo (Pygoscelis papua, at least four individuals) and chinstrap (P. antarctica, 2). From remains left at the surface, it was clear that the killer whales fed mainly on the breast muscles, although some penguins may have been swallowed whole. The killer whales were ecotype B, which are purported seal specialists, but we also saw ecotype A, prey specialists on Antarctic minke whales Balaenoptera bonaerensis, chase, but not catch penguins. Because of their small relative size, if penguins are regularly targeted by killer whales in Antarctica, the impact on their populations could be significant. C1 [Pitman, Robert L.; Durban, John W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pitman, RL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM robert.pitman@noaa.gov FU US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries; British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Natural History Film Unit FX This work was supported by US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Natural History Film Unit. We would like to thank Jerome and Dion Poncet of the Golden Fleece for their capable boat handling, and a special thanks to the BBC Frozen Planet film crew-E. White, D. Anderson and T. Fitz-for their enthusiastic support and assistance with our research efforts. D. Ainley improved our manuscript with his comments. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1589 EP 1594 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0853-5 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 684JH UT WOS:000284545700012 ER PT J AU Lewin, M Zhang, J Pearce, E Zammarano, M AF Lewin, Menachem Zhang, Jin Pearce, Eli Zammarano, Mauro TI Polyamide 6 treated with pentabromobenzyl acrylate and layered silicates SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE polyamide; clay; flame retardancy; migration; pentabromobenzyl acrylate ID FIBER-REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE; FLAME RETARDANCY; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; NANOCOMPOSITES; MIGRATION; POLYMERS; SURFACE; BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; SYSTEM AB A study of the simultaneous application of a brominated flame retardant and an organically layered silicate (OLS) for the flame retarding of polyamide 6 (PA6) is presented. Upon treating PA6 with at least 7 wt% monomeric pentabromobenzyl acrylate (PMA), a UL-94 V-0 rating and an oxygen index (OI) value of 29.7 were obtained. By adding 1 wt% organically layered montorillonite (OMMT) and 10 wt% PMA, the V-0 rating remained, indicating cooperation between PMA and OMMT. Higher concentrations of OMMT result in a decreased UL-94 rating showing an antagonism. The size and mass of drops formed in the UL-94 test increased with increasing OMMT, suggesting an increase in the viscosity and density of the pyrolyzing matrix. The effect of the Br additive on the peak heat release rate (PHRR) measured in the cone calorimeter is similar, but smaller, than that of clay. A calculation of the synergistic effectivity related to PHRR enabling a numerical estimate of the extent of synergism or antagonism is presented. When the ill-dispersed pristine clay (Na(+)MMT) is used, the viscosity does not increase, the PHRR decreases slightly, but the mass loss rate (MLR) is close to that of the matrix. The time of ignition (TOI) decreases upon the addition of PMA, similarly to the addition of OMMT. This is explained by migration of the Br additive to the surface barrier similar to that of clay so that the low thermal conductivity (TC) barrier is formed before the ignition. Accumulation of heat in the barrier decreases the TOI. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lewin, Menachem; Zhang, Jin; Pearce, Eli] NYU, Polytech Inst, MetroTech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lewin, M (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, MetroTech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM mlewin@duke.poly.edu OI Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110 FU NSF [DMR 0352558]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST 4H1129] FX Contract/grant sponsor: NSF; contract/grant number: DMR 0352558.; Contract/grant sponsor: National Institute of Standards and Technology; contract/grant number: NIST 4H1129. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 21 IS 11 BP 825 EP 834 DI 10.1002/pat.1719 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 677WF UT WOS:000284024000011 ER PT J AU Neta, P Godugu, B Liang, YX Simon-Manso, Y Yang, XY Stein, SE AF Neta, Pedatsur Godugu, Bhaskar Liang, Yuxue Simon-Manso, Yamil Yang, Xiaoyu Stein, Stephen E. TI Electrospray tandem quadrupole fragmentation of quinolone drugs and related ions. On the reversibility of water loss from protonated molecules SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; IONIZATION-CONSTANTS; MOBILITY CONSTANTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GAS; COMPLEXATION; SPECTROMETRY; ANTIBIOTICS; EQUILIBRIA; PREDICTION AB Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of quinolone drugs showed different sensitivities in aqueous solution vs. biological extract. The authors suggested formation of two singly protonated molecules with different behavior, one undergoing loss of H(2)O and the other loss of CO(2), so that SRM transitions might depend on the ratios of these forms generated by the electrospray. These surprising results prompted us to re-examine several quinolone drugs and some simpler compounds to further elucidate the mechanisms. We find that the relative contributions of loss of H(2)O vs. loss of CO(2) in tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) experiments depend not only on molecular structure and collision energy, but also, in certain cases, on the cone voltage. We further find that many product ions formed by loss of H(2)O can reattach a water molecule in the collision cell, whereas ions formed by loss of CO(2) do not. Since reattachment of H(2)O can occur after water loss in the cone region and prior to selection of the precursor ion, this effect leads to the dependence of MS/MS spectra on the cone voltage used in creating the precursor ion, which explains the formerly observed effect on SRM ratios. Our results support the earlier conclusion that varying amounts of two ions of the same m/z value are responsible for problems in the analysis of these drugs, but the origin is in dehydration/rehydration reactions. Thus, SRM transitions for certain complex compounds may be comparable only when monitored under equivalent ion-forming conditions, including the voltage used in the production of the protonated molecules in the electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Neta, Pedatsur; Godugu, Bhaskar; Liang, Yuxue; Simon-Manso, Yamil; Yang, Xiaoyu; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Neta, P (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pedi@nist.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 24 IS 22 BP 3271 EP 3278 DI 10.1002/rcm.4769 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 677VZ UT WOS:000284023400007 PM 20973001 ER PT J AU Xiong, XZ Barnet, C Maddy, E Wei, J Liu, XP Pagano, TS AF Xiong, Xiaozhen Barnet, Chris Maddy, Eric Wei, Jennifer Liu, Xingpin Pagano, Thomas S. TI Seven Years' Observation of Mid-Upper Tropospheric Methane from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE methane; mid-upper troposphere; satellite; AIRS; trend; seasonal cycle ID GROWTH-RATE; RETRIEVALS; TRANSPORT; PLUME; MODEL AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on EOS/Aqua platform provides a measurement of global methane (CH4) in the mid-upper troposphere since September, 2002. As a thermal infrared sounder, the most sensitivity of AIRS to atmospheric CH4 is in the mid-upper troposphere with the degree of freedom of similar to 1.0. Validation of AIRS CH4 product versus thousands of aircraft profiles (convolved using the AIRS averaging kernels) demonstrates that its RMS error (RMSE) is mostly less than 1.5%, and its quality is pretty stable from 2003 to 2009. For scientific analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of mid-upper tropospheric CH4 (MUT-CH4) in the High Northern Hemisphere (HNH), it is more valuable to use the AIRS retrieved CH4 in a layer of about 100 hPa below tropopause ("Representative Layer") than in a fixed pressure layer. Further analysis of deseasonalized time-series of AIRS CH4 in both a fixed pressure layer and the "Representative Layer" of AIRS (only for the HNH) from 2003 to 2009 indicates that, similar to the CH4 in the marine boundary layer (MBL) that was found to increase in 2007-2008, MUT-CH4 was also observed to have a recent increase but the most significant increase occurred in 2008. MUT-CH4 continued to increase in 2009, especially in the HNH. Moreover, the trend of MUT-CH4 from 2006 to 2008 is lower than the trend of CH4 in the MBL by 30-40% in both the southern hemisphere and HNH. This delay for the MUT-CH4 increase of about one year than CH4 in the MBL as well as the smaller increase trend for MUT-CH4 suggest that surface emission is likely a major driver for the recent CH4 increase. It is also found that the seasonal cycle of MUT-CH4 is different from CH4 in the MBL due to the impact of transport, in addition to the surface emission and the photochemical loss. C1 [Xiong, Xiaozhen; Maddy, Eric; Wei, Jennifer; Liu, Xingpin] Dell Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Xiong, Xiaozhen; Barnet, Chris; Maddy, Eric; Wei, Jennifer; Liu, Xingpin] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv NESD, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pagano, Thomas S.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Xiong, XZ (reprint author), Dell Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. EM Xiaozhen.xiong@noaa.gov; Chris.barnet@noaa.gov; Eric.maddy@noaa.gov; Jennifer.wei@noaa.gov; Xingpin.liu@noaa.gov; Thomas.s.pagano@jpl.nasa.gov RI Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; FU NOAA Office of Application Research FX This research was supported by funding from NOAA Office of Application & Research. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. The data of INTEX-A and B used in this publication was obtained from Aura Validation Data Center (AVDC) (http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.php) and the aircraft measurements of INTEX-NA were carried out by Donald R. Blake of Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine; and airborne CH4 data from INTEX-B and ARCTAS were provided by Glen Sachse and Glenn Diskin of NASA Langley. ARCTAS data were downloaded from (ftp://ftp-air.larc.nasa.gov/pub/ARCTAS/). The CH4 data of START08 aircraft measurements were carried out by Dale Hurst and Jim Elkins of NOAA/ESRL/GMD. We appreciate Colm Sweeney at NOAA/ESRL/GMD for providing the aircraft measurements data. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 11 BP 2509 EP 2530 DI 10.3390/rs2112509 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HS UT WOS:000208402100003 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Steel, EA Lange, I Caras, Y AF Fullerton, Aimee H. Steel, E. Ashley Lange, Ian Caras, Yuko TI Effects of Spatial Pattern and Economic Uncertainties on Freshwater Habitat Restoration Planning: A Simulation Exercise SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; land management; land use; landscape ecology; Pacific salmon; watershed ID RIVER-BASIN; POPULATION VIABILITY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; ALTERNATIVE FUTURES; CONSERVATION STATUS; UNITED-STATES; MODELS; SALMON; VALUATION; RECOVERY AB Evaluating alternative future scenarios using simulation models is an emerging approach to conservation planning over large spatial and temporal extents. Such an approach is useful when predictions cannot be validated empirically; however, evaluating the sensitivity of scenario-based approaches to key uncertainties is necessary so that managers understand how real-world constraints might impact results. We used a simulation approach to investigate the sensitivity of freshwater habitat restoration plans to spatial pattern (e.g., project locations) and economic uncertainties (e.g., budget level and project costs) in a case study on Pacific salmon in the Lewis River Basin (WA, U.S.A.). We found that some evaluation metrics performed better when restoration was distributed randomly, whereas others improved more when restoration occurred on contiguous stretches of river. Subwatersheds responded differently to restoration, suggesting that intrinsic characteristics limit restoration potential. Changes in budget usually caused proportionate improvements in habitat but disproportionate fish responses, suggesting a cumulative benefit for fish. Most per-dollar benefits increased as project cost decreased; therefore, model predictions are sensitive to project cost. Simulation analyses provided increased information about how economics and spatial pattern might affect habitats and salmon; these insights can help policymakers identify an appropriate restoration strategy. C1 [Fullerton, Aimee H.; Steel, E. Ashley] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lange, Ian] Univ Stirling, Dept Econ, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Caras, Yuko] King Cty Dept Nat Resources & Pk, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Aimee.Fullerton@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Service; Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank J. Davies, M. Plummer, and P. Roni for comments on earlier versions of this article. Funding was provided by NOAA Fisheries Service, and by an internal grant from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center to AHF. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 18 SU 2 BP 354 EP 369 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00620.x PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679OX UT WOS:000284171800013 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Miller, MW AF Williams, Dana E. Miller, Margaret W. TI Stabilization of Fragments to Enhance Asexual Recruitment in Acropora Palmata, a Threatened Caribbean Coral SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acroporid; Biscayne National Park; Florida; restoration; reef ID REEF REHABILITATION; GROWTH; TRANSPLANTATION; SURVIVAL; REGENERATION; SURVIVORSHIP; REPRODUCTION; RESTORATION AB Historically, fragmentation has been a successful life history strategy in Acropora palmata. However, in areas where the population is sparse and degraded, the survivorship of fragments is now compromised. This study aimed to determine whether stabilization of A. palmata fragments could increase their overall performance. Naturally occurring fragments were found and assigned to one of three treatments: stabilized to the natural substrate (1) using cable ties, (2) using epoxy or (3) tethered to the substrate as an unstabilized control. After 44 weeks, the general "performance" of the fragments was ranked based on their change in live tissue cover and formation of tissue connections with the substrate. Stabilized fragments lost less tissue cover and ranked higher in performance than the unstabilized control fragments. Stabilization using cable ties and epoxy were similarly effective. The results indicate that stabilizing fragments will preserve live tissue and enhance growth of fragments and can thus improve the survivorship of fragments. C1 [Williams, Dana E.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Williams, Dana E.; Miller, Margaret W.] NOAA Fisheries, SEFSC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dana.williams@noaa.gov OI Williams, Dana/0000-0002-9660-5359 FU Biscayne National Park; NOAA FX This study was supported by Biscayne National Park and the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and conducted with express permission from park managers. Field assistance was provided by Lindsey Kramer, Rebecca Cassotis, and Chris Tilghman. Consultation by Amanda Bourque is greatly appreciated. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 18 SU 2 BP 446 EP 451 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00579.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679OX UT WOS:000284171800022 ER PT J AU Huber, HP Moertelmaier, M Wallis, TM Chiang, CJ Hochleitner, M Imtiaz, A Oh, YJ Schilcher, K Dieudonne, M Smoliner, J Hinterdorfer, P Rosner, SJ Tanbakuchi, H Kabos, P Kienberger, F AF Huber, H. P. Moertelmaier, M. Wallis, T. M. Chiang, C. J. Hochleitner, M. Imtiaz, A. Oh, Y. J. Schilcher, K. Dieudonne, M. Smoliner, J. Hinterdorfer, P. Rosner, S. J. Tanbakuchi, H. Kabos, P. Kienberger, F. TI Calibrated nanoscale capacitance measurements using a scanning microwave microscope SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY; SILICON; PROBE AB A scanning microwave microscope (SMM) for spatially resolved capacitance measurements in the attofarad-to-femtofarad regime is presented. The system is based on the combination of an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a performance network analyzer (PNA). For the determination of absolute capacitance values from PNA reflection amplitudes, a calibration sample of conductive gold pads of various sizes on a SiO(2) staircase structure was used. The thickness of the dielectric SiO(2) staircase ranged from 10 to 200 nm. The quantitative capacitance values determined from the PNA reflection amplitude were compared to control measurements using an external capacitance bridge. Depending on the area of the gold top electrode and the SiO(2) step height, the corresponding capacitance values, as measured with the SMM, ranged from 0.1 to 22 fF at a noise level of similar to 2 aF and a relative accuracy of 20%. The sample capacitance could be modeled to a good degree as idealized parallel plates with the SiO(2) dielectric sandwiched in between. The cantilever/sample stray capacitance was measured by lifting the tip away from the surface. By bringing the AFM tip into direct contact with the SiO(2) staircase structure, the electrical footprint of the tip was determined, resulting in an effective tip radius of similar to 60 nm and a tip-sample capacitance of similar to 20 aF at the smallest dielectric thickness. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491926] C1 [Moertelmaier, M.; Dieudonne, M.; Rosner, S. J.; Tanbakuchi, H.; Kienberger, F.] Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Huber, H. P.; Hochleitner, M.; Oh, Y. J.; Hinterdorfer, P.] Univ Linz, Christian Doppler Lab Nanoscop Methods Biophys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. [Wallis, T. M.; Chiang, C. J.; Imtiaz, A.; Kabos, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chiang, C. J.] Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Dept Elect Engn, Changhua 500, Taiwan. [Schilcher, K.] Upper Austria Univ Appl Sci, A-4020 Linz, Austria. [Smoliner, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Solid State Elect, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Kienberger, F (reprint author), Agilent Technol Osterreich GmbH, Aubrunnerweg 11, A-4040 Linz, Austria. EM ferry_kienberger@agilent.com RI Hinterdorfer, Peter/C-4235-2013; OH, YOO JIN/M-7109-2014; OI Oh, Yoo Jin/0000-0002-9636-3329 FU Austrian Christian Doppler Society FX We thank Gerald Kada, Matthias Fenner, Dirk Orgassa, and Shijie Wu from Agilent Technologies and Fritz Mayr from the Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences for helpful technical discussions. This work was financially supported by the Austrian Christian Doppler Society. NR 24 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 81 IS 11 AR 113701 DI 10.1063/1.3491926 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 690LO UT WOS:000285006500019 PM 21133472 ER PT J AU Park, GH Wanninkhof, R Doney, SC Takahashi, T Lee, K Feely, RA Sabine, CL Trinanes, J Lima, ID AF Park, Geun-Ha Wanninkhof, Rik Doney, Scott C. Takahashi, Taro Lee, Kitack Feely, Richard A. Sabine, Christopher L. Trinanes, Joaquin Lima, Ivan D. TI Variability of global net sea-air CO2 fluxes over the last three decades using empirical relationships SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; GAS-EXCHANGE; OCEAN; SINK; CLIMATE; PACIFIC; TRENDS; PCO(2) AB The interannual variability of net sea-air CO2 flux for the period 1982-2007 is obtained from a diagnostic model using empirical subannual relationships between climatological CO2 partial pressure in surface seawater (pCO(2SW)) and sea surface temperature (SST), along with interannual changes in SST and wind speed. These optimum subannual relationships show significantly better correlation between pCO(2SW) and SST than the previous relationships using fixed monthly boundaries. Our diagnostic model yields an interannual variability of +/- 0.14 PgC yr-1 (1 Sigma) with a 26-year mean of -1.48 PgC yr-1. The greatest interannual variability is found in the Equatorial Pacific, and significant variability is also found at northern and southern high-latitudes, depending in part, on which wind product is used. We provide an assessment of our approach by applying it to pCO(2SW) and SST output from a prognostic global biogeochemical ocean model. Our diagnostic approach applied to this model output shows reasonable agreement with the prognostic model net sea-air CO2 fluxes in terms of magnitude and phase of variability, suggesting that our diagnostic approach can capture much of the observed variability on regional to global scale. A notable exception is that our approach shows significantly less variability than the prognostic model in the Southern Ocean. C1 [Park, Geun-Ha] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Park, Geun-Ha; Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Doney, Scott C.; Lima, Ivan D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Takahashi, Taro] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Lee, Kitack] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Trinanes, Joaquin] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Technol Res Inst, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. RP Park, GH (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Geun-Ha.Park@noaa.gov RI Park, Geun-Ha/A-5705-2011; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652 FU Korean Government [KRF-2008-357-C00167]; NOAA [GC07-193, NA07OAR4310098]; NOAA Climate Observations Division FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-357-C00167), the NOAA Global Carbon Cycle Program (GC07-193 and NA07OAR4310098) and the NOAA Climate Observations Division. This research was carried out, in part, under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Joint Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (cooperative agreement No. NA17RJ1226). We are grateful to Nick Bates, John Dore and other scientists at the BATS and HOT sites for contributing their time-series data. NR 58 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 44 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 62 IS 5 SI SI BP 352 EP 368 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00498.x PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 667BJ UT WOS:000283167300005 ER PT J AU Alden, CB Miller, JB White, JWC AF Alden, Caroline B. Miller, John B. White, James W. C. TI Can bottom-up ocean CO2 fluxes be reconciled with atmospheric 13C observations? SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; AIR-SAMPLING-NETWORK; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GAS TRANSFER VELOCITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WIND-SPEED; EL-NINO; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; DELTA-C-13 MEASUREMENTS; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE AB The rare stable carbon isotope, 13C, has been used previously to partition CO2 fluxes into land and ocean components. Net ocean and land fluxes impose distinctive and predictable fractionation patterns upon the stable isotope ratio, making it an excellent tool for distinguishing between them. Historically, isotope constrained inverse methods for calculating CO2 surface fluxes-the 'double deconvolution'-have disagreed with bottom-up ocean flux estimates. In this study, we use the double deconvolution framework, but add, as a constraint, independent estimates of time histories of ocean fluxes to the atmospheric observations of CO2 and 13CO(2). We calculate timeseries of net land flux, total disequilibrium flux and terrestrial disequilibrium flux from 1991 to 2008 that are consistent with bottom-up net ocean fluxes. We investigate possible drivers of interannual variability in terrestrial disequilibrium flux, including terrestrial discrimination, and test the sensitivity of our results to those mechanisms. We find that C-3 plant discrimination and shifts in the global composition of C-3 and C-4 vegetation are likely drivers of interannual variability in terrestrial disequilibrium flux, while contributions from heterotrophic respiration and disturbance anomalies are also possible. C1 [Miller, John B.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Alden, Caroline B.; White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.b.miller@noaa.gov RI White, James/A-7845-2009; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; ALDEN, CAROLINE/0000-0002-5249-7800 FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors first thank all of the sample collectors at all of the NOAA/ESRL sampling sites for their dedication and hard work. The authors thank Bruce Vaughn, Sylvia Michel, Amy Steiker and Jason Winokur for the preparation and analysis of delta13C data, and Patricia Lang, Kelly Sours and Thomas Conway for CO2 analysis and data; Ken Masarie for creating global means and help with figures; Pieter Tans for ocean disequilibrium calculation algorithms; Neil Suits for SiB2 terrestrial fractionation model output; Jim Randerson for providing CASA impulse-response functions; Nikki Lovenduski for discussion regarding ocean CO2 flux variability; and the valuable input of those who contributed to the review process of this paper. This work was funded in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 88 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 62 IS 5 SI SI BP 369 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00481.x PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 667BJ UT WOS:000283167300006 ER PT J AU Gatti, LV Miller, JB D'Amelio, MTS Martinewski, A Basso, LS Gloor, ME Wofsy, S Tans, P AF Gatti, L. V. Miller, J. B. D'Amelio, M. T. S. Martinewski, A. Basso, L. S. Gloor, M. E. Wofsy, S. Tans, P. TI Vertical profiles of CO2 above eastern Amazonia suggest a net carbon flux to the atmosphere and balanced biosphere between 2000 and 2009 SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; RAIN-FOREST; CYCLE; DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS; FEEDBACK; MODEL AB From 2000 until January 2010 vertical profiles were collected above eastern Amazonia to help determine regional-scale (similar to 105-106 km2) fluxes of carbon cycle-related greenhouse gases. Samples were collected aboard light aircraft between the surface and 4.3 km and a column integration technique was used to determine the CO2 flux. Measured CO2 profiles were differenced from the CO2 background determined from measurements in the tropical Atlantic. The observed annual flux between the coast and measurement sites was 0.40 +/- 0.27 gC m-2 d-1 (90% confidence interval using a bootstrap analysis). The wet season (January-June) mean flux was 0.44 +/- 0.38 gC m-2 d-1 (positive fluxes defined as a source to the atmosphere) and the dry season mean flux was 0.35 +/- 0.17 gC m-2 d-1 (July-December). The observed flux variability is high, principally in the wet season. The influence of biomass burning has been removed using co-measured CO, and revealed the presence of a significant dry season sink. The annual mean vegetation flux, after the biomass burning correction, was 0.02 +/- 0.27 gC m-2 d-1, and a clear sink was observed between August and November of -0.70 +/- 0.21 gC m-2 d-1 where for all of the dry season it was -0.24 +/- 0.17 gC m-2 d-1. C1 [Gatti, L. V.; D'Amelio, M. T. S.; Martinewski, A.; Basso, L. S.] IPEN, Atmospher Chem Lab, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Miller, J. B.; Tans, P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gloor, M. E.] Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Wofsy, S.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gatti, LV (reprint author), IPEN, Atmospher Chem Lab, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM lvgatti@ipen.br RI Basso, Luana/E-3290-2014; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012 OI Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; FU NASA [S-10137, S-71307, NNG06GE14A] FX We wish to thank Andrew Crotwell and Ed Dlugokencky for extensive support with instrumentation and analysis; Doug Guenther for support with sampling technology; Kirk Thoning for assistance with raw data processing; Thomas Conway, Ken Masarie andDuane Kitzis for assistance with CO2 data, data processing and reference gases, respectively and Amelia Yamazaki for help with analysis; Aquila Taxi Aereo for sampling at SAN, and the sample takers at RPB and ASC. We also wish to thank Peter Bakwin and Paulo Artaxo for their efforts to start the sampling program. This project is part of the Brazilian led Large-scale Biosphere-atmosphere experiment in Amazonia (LBA), and was funded by NASA inter-agency agreements S-10137 and S-71307 and grant NNG06GE14A to JBM. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 19 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 62 IS 5 SI SI BP 581 EP 594 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00484.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 667BJ UT WOS:000283167300021 ER PT J AU Seitzinger, SP Bouwman, AF Kroeze, C AF Seitzinger, S. P. Bouwman, A. F. Kroeze, C. TI Preface to special section on Past and Future Trends in Nutrient Export From Global Watersheds and Impacts on Water Quality and Eutrophication SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Editorial Material ID COASTAL ZONE; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; MODEL C1 [Seitzinger, S. P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Bouwman, A. F.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Kroeze, C.] Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Kroeze, C.] Open Univ Netherlands, Sch Sci, Heerlen, Netherlands. RP Seitzinger, SP (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RI Bouwman, Lex/B-7053-2012; Bouwman, Lex/F-1444-2015 OI Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT 30 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB0A01 DI 10.1029/2010GB003851 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674MF UT WOS:000283748300001 ER PT J AU Warren, MA Gregory, RS Laurel, BJ Snelgrove, PVR AF Warren, M. A. Gregory, R. S. Laurel, B. J. Snelgrove, P. V. R. TI Increasing density of juvenile Atlantic (Gadus morhua) and Greenland cod (G. ogac) in association with spatial expansion and recovery of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in a coastal nursery habitat SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cod; Disturbance; Recruitment; Seagrass; Vegetation ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; WASTING DISEASE; NEWFOUNDLAND; SEAGRASS; SETTLEMENT; PREDATION; WATERS; EUTROPHICATION; RECRUITMENT; SELECTION AB Global declines of eelgrass (Zostera marina) have major ramifications for the juvenile fishes for which this plant can provide nursery habitat. However, it is less clear how rapidly fishes can recover when habitat loss is reversed, either through natural growth or through habitat enhancement efforts. We investigated the consequences of natural expansion and recovery of eelgrass following disturbance, on the densities of juveniles of two cod species - Atlantic (Gadus morhua) and Greenland (Gadus ogac) cod - in a coastal nursery area in Newfoundland, Canada. Eelgrass has been expanding at this location, likely as a result of reduced disturbance from winter pack-ice in the past decade. We conducted bi-weekly sampling of juvenile fish densities at 12 sites from July to November annually, 1995-2006, by seine netting. Each site was designated as either 'natural', 'expansion', 'removal-recovery' or 'unvegetated' dependent on their recent eelgrass coverage and involvement in a manipulation study (1999-2000; Laurel et al. 2003b). We measured eelgrass percentage cover at each site by analysis of aerial photographs. Eelgrass cover had noticeably increased in the 1999-2000 'removal-recovery' sites and at the 'expansion' sites following 2000. Using randomized intervention analysis (RIA) we detected positive relationships between eelgrass cover and relative fish density during 2001-2006. These results suggested a significant and rapid increase in age-0 cod density associated with eelgrass habitat expansion. We suggest that juvenile cod density responds to annual expansion and contraction of eelgrass cover, illustrating the potential cascading effects of eelgrass loss associated with climate change, human disturbance, and disease and the potential benefits of eelgrass conservation and enhancement. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Warren, M. A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Gregory, R. S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Div Environm Sci, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Laurel, B. J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Snelgrove, P. V. R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, Canada Res Chair Boreal & Cold Ocean Syst, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Snelgrove, P. V. R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. RP Warren, MA (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM mwarren4@uwo.ca FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO); National Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Parks Canada (Terra Nova National Park - TNNP); Environment Canada FX Our research was funded in various years by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) programs led by RSG, two NSERC Strategic Grants from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council led by David C. Schneider and PVRS, respectively, Parks Canada (Terra Nova National Park - TNNP) led by RSG, and an Environment Canada grant led by John T. Anderson. Accommodations, boats, vehicles, were variously provided through the period by DFO, TNNP, and Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN). We appreciate the dozens of MUN, DFO, and TNNP students, technicians, and volunteers who assisted us with field sampling throughout our study. Drs. Steven Carr and Evan Edinger also made helpful suggestions on earlier versions of the manuscript. This paper formed part of the BSc Honours Thesis research of the senior author, MAW. [SS] NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD OCT 30 PY 2010 VL 394 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.011 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 665IB UT WOS:000283027500014 ER PT J AU Hong, G Yang, P Heidinger, AK Pavolonis, MJ Baum, BA Platnick, SE AF Hong, Gang Yang, Ping Heidinger, Andrew K. Pavolonis, Michael J. Baum, Bryan A. Platnick, Steven E. TI Detecting opaque and nonopaque tropical upper tropospheric ice clouds: A trispectral technique based on the MODIS 8-12 mu m window bands SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE RADIATIVE FLUXES; ISCCP DATA SETS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; SPLIT-WINDOW; ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION; TOP; TROPOPAUSE; SURFACE; CLASSIFICATION; SENSITIVITY AB A trispectral technique is developed for detecting tropical upper tropospheric opaque (tau > 6) and nonopaque (tau < 6) ice clouds over ocean based on the brightness temperature differences between the MODIS 8.5 and 11 mu m bands and between the 11 and 12 mu m bands together with the MODIS detected cloud thermodynamic phase. The brightness temperature differences provide robust information for classifying ice clouds, as illustrated by the observations made by a lidar, a radar, and the MODIS Airborne Simulator over tropical ice anvil systems during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment. The trispectral technique for detecting tropical upper tropospheric opaque and nonopaque ice clouds is developed based on the analysis of 1 year of data, including MODIS infrared brightness temperatures at 8.5, 11, and 12 mm bands, MODIS-derived ice cloud optical thicknesses, and cloud top heights from CALIPSO and CloudSat over a region (140 degrees E-180 degrees E, 0 degrees N-20 degrees N) in the Western Pacific Warm Pool. The accuracy of the present trispectral technique is above 80%. A 27 July 2007 MODIS granule over the chosen region is used to verify the trispectral technique. It is found that the classification from the trispectral technique is consistent with a classification based directly on the MODIS ice cloud optical thicknesses. The effects of the variations in the MODIS viewing zenith angle on the detection are found to be negligible. The CALIPSO and CloudSat observations used to develop the classification are more sensitive than MODIS to the height and presence of optically thin cirrus. These differences in cloud heights were found to have a negligible impact on the final detection results. C1 [Hong, Gang; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.; Pavolonis, Michael J.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Platnick, Steven E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hong, G (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hong@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Hong, Gang/A-2323-2012; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NASA [NNX08AP57G, NN08AF68G, NNX08AF78A] FX We thank the NASA CloudSat project for providing the 2B-GEOPROF-LIDAR and ECMWF-AUX data used in this study, which are taken from the CloudSat Data Processing Center at Colorado State University. The MODIS data are archived at NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES-DISC). We gratefully thank Drs. Lihua Li and Lin Tian for providing the CRS data used in this study. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Zhibo Zhang for useful comments and suggestions. We acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This study is supported by NASA grants NNX08AP57G and NN08AF68G. Support for Bryan Baum is provided through NASA grant NNX08AF78A. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D20214 DI 10.1029/2010JD014004 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674MT UT WOS:000283751000004 ER PT J AU Jeerage, KM LaNasa, SM Hughes, HA Lauria, DS Bryant, SJ Slifka, AJ AF Jeerage, Kavita M. LaNasa, Stephanie M. Hughes, Holly A. Lauria, Damian S. Bryant, Stephanie J. Slifka, Andrew J. TI Scanning electrochemical microscopy measurements of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Diffusivity; Hydrogel; Scanning electrochemical microscopy ID CONTACT-LENSES; LIVING CELLS; TISSUE; OXYGEN; SCAFFOLDS; GELS; CHONDROCYTES; PRINCIPLES; VIABILITY; TRANSPORT AB Scanning electrochemical microscopy has been used to examine the molecular transport properties of photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels having different mesh sizes. Both the molecular weight (508 Da or 3000 Da) of the PEG diacrylate macromer and its weight percent (20 wt%, 40 wt%, or 60 wt%) in solution prior to photopolymerization were varied. Mesh size was estimated from equilibrium swelling measurements and a thermodynamic model. Estimated mesh sizes ranged from ca. 10 A for 60 wt% PEG 508 gels to ca. 100 A for 20 wt% PEG 3000 gels. The electrochemically active diffusing species, ferrocenemethanol, was detected via oxidation at a platinum microelectrode. For a given hydrogel, multiple approach curves showed a consistent relationship between current and distance. Electrochemically estimated diffusivities followed the same trend as predictions based on mesh size and ranged from 25% to 80% of the diffusivity in aqueous solution. As a proof of concept, scanning electrochemical microscopy was successfully used to map the topography of hydrogels with complex architecture, which are being designed as cell scaffolds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jeerage, Kavita M.; Lauria, Damian S.; Slifka, Andrew J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [LaNasa, Stephanie M.; Hughes, Holly A.; Bryant, Stephanie J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jeerage, KM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeerage@boulder.nist.gov RI Hume, Stephanie/C-5220-2012 FU University of Colorado - National Institute of Standards & Technology (CU-NIST); National Research Council (NRC); National Science Foundation (NSF) FX Financial support for this work was provided by a University of Colorado - National Institute of Standards & Technology (CU-NIST) Seed Grant. This research was performed while K.M.J. held a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship and S.M.L. held a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 23 BP 5456 EP 5461 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.09.028 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 677XN UT WOS:000284029200023 ER PT J AU Vukicevic, T Coddington, O Pilewskie, P AF Vukicevic, Tomislava Coddington, Odele Pilewskie, Peter TI Characterizing the retrieval of cloud properties from optical remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIUS AB This paper presents a new approach to the formal characterization of the optical retrieval of cloud optical thickness and effective droplet radius based on a nonlinear methodology that is derived from a general stochastic inverse problem formulation similar to standard Bayesian estimation theory. The methodology includes efficient use of the precomputed radiative transfer model simulations which are already available in standard retrieval algorithms. Another important property of the methodology is that it does not require performing the retrieval with actual measurements in order to characterize the retrieval results. One utility of this analysis is the quantification of information content in the standard retrieval problem, and the increase of information through adding channels (radiances at different wavelengths) to the inversion. This was demonstrated for the five-wavelength retrieval using airborne hyperspectral shortwave irradiance measurements. The ability of the method to evaluate the impact of observation and radiative transfer model uncertainties on the retrieved cloud properties is also demonstrated. Further benefits from this study will be in its application to the cloud retrieval algorithms to be developed for future space-and airborne instruments. The present study puts forth the framework necessary to quantify that increase in information and to optimize new retrieval algorithms that efficiently accommodate the enhanced measurement space. C1 [Vukicevic, Tomislava] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Coddington, Odele; Pilewskie, Peter] Univ Colorado, ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Vukicevic, T (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM tomislava.vukicevic@noaa.gov RI Coddington, Odele/F-6342-2012; Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014 OI Coddington, Odele/0000-0002-4338-7028; FU NSF [ATM 0754998]; NASA [NNX08AI83G]; NOAA [NA06OAR4310085] FX This study was supported by NSF award ATM 0754998 while the first author was at University of Colorado, Boulder. Contributions by the second and third author were supported by NASA grant NNX08AI83G and NOAA grant NA06OAR4310085. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D20211 DI 10.1029/2009JD012830 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674MP UT WOS:000283750600001 ER PT J AU Buijsman, MC McWilliams, JC Jackson, CR AF Buijsman, M. C. McWilliams, J. C. Jackson, C. R. TI East-west asymmetry in nonlinear internal waves from Luzon Strait SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; OCEANIC MODELING SYSTEM; PART I; TIDES; GENERATION; TOPOGRAPHY; CONVERSION; SURFACE; WATER AB The nonhydrostatic Regional Ocean Modeling System is applied to study the effects of thermocline shoaling/deepening, bathymetry, and asymmetric modulated tides on the soliton growth to the west and east of Luzon Strait in the South China Sea and western Pacific Ocean. Luzon Strait comprises a shallow east ridge and a deep west ridge, and its interaction with barotropic tidal currents yields strong westward internal tides that disperse into solitons. Satellite imagery indicates that the westward solitons are more numerous and better defined than the eastward solitons. The model results show that the eastward solitons are 45%, 39%, 28%, and 23% smaller than the westward solitons due to asymmetric modulated barotropic tides at the east ridge, a deeper Pacific Ocean, westward thermocline shoaling related to the Kuroshio current, and internal tide resonance in a double ridge configuration, respectively. Due to the westward location of the Kuroshio, little thermocline deepening occurs east of the east ridge. Hence, the influence of thermocline deepening on counteracting eastward soliton growth is small. The Kuroshio mainly enhances westward soliton growth. The dispersion of internal tides into solitons is governed by the balance between the nonlinearity parameter on the one hand and the nonhydrostatic and Coriolis dispersions on the other. It is shown that this balance favors soliton growth for thermocline shoaling, while it counters it for a deeper ocean. A series of double ridge experiments is performed, in which the distance between the ridges and the height of the west ridge are varied. For a semidiurnal tidal forcing and two Gaussian ridges separated by 100 km, barotropic to baroclinic energy conversion is enhanced at both ridges, causing larger westward internal tides and solitons. The combination of Coriolis forcing, thermocline shoaling, and a double ridge configuration enhances the distinctiveness of the so-called type a and b solitons when a modulated tide occurs. C1 [Buijsman, M. C.; McWilliams, J. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Jackson, C. R.] Global Ocean Associates, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. [Buijsman, M. C.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Buijsman, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM maarten.buijsman@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-10293, N00014-08-10597] FX The Office of Naval Research is acknowledged for supporting this research with grants N00014-05-10293 and N00014-08-10597. We thank Alexander Shchepetkin for assistance with the modeling and Jaison Kurian for helping with the SODA data analysis. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C10057 DI 10.1029/2009JC006004 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 674SB UT WOS:000283768900001 ER PT J AU Mao, HK Shirley, EL Ding, Y Eng, P Cai, YQ Chow, P Xiao, YM Shu, JF Hemley, RJ Kao, CC Mao, WL AF Mao, Ho Kwang Shirley, Eric L. Ding, Yang Eng, Peter Cai, Yong Q. Chow, Paul Xiao, Yuming Shu, Jinfu Hemley, Russell J. Kao, Chichang Mao, Wendy L. TI Electronic Structure of Crystalline He-4 at High Pressures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Using inelastic x-ray scattering techniques, we have succeeded in probing the high-pressure electronic structure of helium at 300 K. Helium has the widest known valence-conduction band gap of all materials a property whose high-pressure response has been inaccessible to direct measurements. We observed a rich electron excitation spectrum, including a cutoff edge above 23 eV, a sharp exciton peak showing linear volume dependence, and a series of excitations and continuum at 26 to 45 eV. We determined the electronic dispersion along the Gamma-M direction over two Brillouin zones, and provided a quantitative picture of the helium exciton beyond the simplified Wannier-Frenkel description. C1 [Mao, Ho Kwang; Shu, Jinfu; Hemley, Russell J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Mao, Ho Kwang; Ding, Yang] Carnegie Inst Washington, HPSynC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mao, Ho Kwang; Chow, Paul; Xiao, Yuming] Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shirley, Eric L.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eng, Peter] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Eng, Peter] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cai, Yong Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kao, Chichang] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mao, Wendy L.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SIMES, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mao, Wendy L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mao, HK (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Mao, Wendy/D-1885-2009; Ding, Yang/K-1995-2014; Cai, Yong/C-5036-2008 OI Ding, Yang/0000-0002-8845-4618; Cai, Yong/0000-0002-9957-6426 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0001057]; Division of Material Science and Engineering [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AL27G]; NSF [DMR-0805056, EAR-0622171]; DOE-NNSA; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE-Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center; National Science Center of Taiwan FX This research was carried out as part of the EFree, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Grant No. DE-SC0001057, and the Division of Material Science and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant No. NNX08AL27G, and NSF Grant No. DMR-0805056. The use of HPCAT (Sector 16) is supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV, and LLNL through funding from DOE-NNSA, DOE-BES, and NSF; the use of GSECARS is supported by the NSF EAR-0622171 and DOE-Geosciences DE-FG02-94ER14466; the use of BL12XU, SPring-8, is supported by the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center and National Science Center of Taiwan. APS is supported by DOE-BES, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 186404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.186404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 673IF UT WOS:000283652100003 PM 21231121 ER PT J AU Chai, H Josell, D AF Chai, Herzl Josell, Daniel TI Fracture behavior of nano-layered coatings under tension SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Thin films; Si/Ag; Multilayers; Fragmentation; Tunnel cracks; Fracture toughness ID THIN-FILMS; MULTILAYER COATINGS; STRAIN; CRACKING; MECHANICS; CU; COMPOSITES; SUBSTRATE; TOUGHNESS; STRENGTH AB The fracture of brittle/ductile multilayers composed of equal thicknesses of Si and Ag layers evaporated on a thick substrate is studied with the aid of a four-point bending apparatus. The system variables include individual layer thickness (2.5 to 30 nm), total film thickness (0.5 to 3.5 mu m) and substrate material (polycarbonate, aluminum alloy and hard steel). The fracture is characterized by transverse cracks that proliferate with load. The crack initiation strain epsilon(i) is virtually independent of total film thickness and substrate material while increasing with decreasing layer thickness h, to a good approximation as epsilon(i)similar to 1/h(1/2). At higher strains, film debonding and buckling are evident. The fracture conditions are determined with the aid of a 2D finite element analysis incorporating the inelastic response of the interlayer. A fracture scenario consisting of tunnel cracking in the brittle layers followed by cracking in the interlayers is shown to be capable of predicting the observed increase in crack initiation strain with decreasing layer thickness. To realize this benefit the interlayer must be compliant and tough to force tunnel cracking in the brittle layers. The explicit relation for the crack initiation strain obtained from the analysis can be used to assess fracture toughness and improve damage tolerance in nanoscale layered structures. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Josell, Daniel] NIST, Div Met, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chai, H (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM herzl@eng.tau.ac.il NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 519 IS 1 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.07.086 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 676YI UT WOS:000283955200058 ER PT J AU Niu, XL Pinker, RT Cronin, MF AF Niu, Xiaolei Pinker, Rachel T. Cronin, Meghan F. TI Radiative fluxes at high latitudes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC SURFACE; CLOUD; MODIS AB Newly improved satellite products and surface observations provide an opportunity to revisit remote-sensing capabilities for estimating shortwave (SW) radiative fluxes at high latitudes, location of disagreement among models and observations. Estimates of SW fluxes from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) are evaluated against land observations from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), from Greenland, and unique buoy measurements. Results show that the MODIS products are in better agreement with observations than those from numerical models. Therefore, the large scale satellite based estimates should be useful for model evaluation and for providing information in formulating energy budgets at high latitudes. Citation: Niu, X., R. T. Pinker, and M. F. Cronin (2010), Radiative fluxes at high latitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20811, doi:10.1029/2010GL044606. C1 [Niu, Xiaolei; Pinker, Rachel T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Niu, XL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pinker@atmos.umd.edu RI Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010 FU NSF [ATM0631685]; NASA [NNG05GB35G] FX This work benefited from support under NSF grant ATM0631685 and NASA grant NNG05GB35G to the University of Maryland. Thanks are due to the NASA GES DISC Giovanni for the MODIS data, to the various MODIS teams, to BSRN for observations, to WHOI for the CLIMODE data, to the Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) for data for Summit, and to H. Wang for his contribution. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L20811 DI 10.1029/2010GL044606 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 674LV UT WOS:000283747000002 ER PT J AU Kramida, AE AF Kramida, A. E. TI Revised interpretation of the Na I EUV absorption spectrum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED QUARTET STATES; ENERGY-LEVELS; SODIUM; PHOTOABSORPTION; ULTRAVIOLET; LIFETIMES; VUV AB Spectral data for neutral sodium were recently compiled by Sansonetti (2008 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 37 1659). In that compilation, some of the energy levels of the 2p(5)3snl configurations were quoted from the studies of the absorption spectrum in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region, while others were quoted from beam-foil and laser-spectroscopy studies of emission in the visible region. These two sets of data partially overlap. However, in Sansonetti (2008) the energy levels observed in both types of studies were not recognized as being the same entities and were listed as different quantum states, interpreted in different coupling schemes. In addition, the analysis of the absorption spectrum was based on an oversimplified theoretical model and is incomplete. The present work identifies the energy levels commonly observed in absorption and emission studies and provides a consistent description of the 2p(5)3snl energy levels. As a result, about a hundred energy levels are revised. In particular, the connection of the quartet level system with the ground state is firmly established based on absorption studies. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Alexander.kramida@nist.gov OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 20 AR 205001 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/20/205001 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 658VF UT WOS:000282516800006 ER PT J AU Mitroy, J Safronova, MS Clark, CW AF Mitroy, J. Safronova, M. S. Clark, Charles W. TI Theory and applications of atomic and ionic polarizabilities SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID STATIC DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; STARK-EFFECT INVESTIGATIONS; OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARD; DER-WAALS COEFFICIENTS; PRECISION LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; CORE POLARIZATION CORRECTIONS; HIGH-ACCURACY CALCULATION; BODY-PERTURBATION-THEORY; LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS AB Atomic polarization phenomena impinge upon a number of areas and processes in physics. The dielectric constant and refractive index of any gas are examples of macroscopic properties that are largely determined by the dipole polarizability. When it comes to microscopic phenomena, the existence of alkaline-earth anions and the recently discovered ability of positrons to bind to many atoms are predominantly due to the polarization interaction. An imperfect knowledge of atomic polarizabilities is presently looming as the largest source of uncertainty in the new generation of optical frequency standards. Accurate polarizabilities for the group I and II atoms and ions of the periodic table have recently become available by a variety of techniques. These include refined many-body perturbation theory and coupled-cluster calculations sometimes combined with precise experimental data for selected transitions, microwave spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms and ions, refractive index measurements in microwave cavities, ab initio calculations of atomic structures using explicitly correlated wavefunctions, interferometry with atom beams and velocity changes of laser cooled atoms induced by an electric field. This review examines existing theoretical methods of determining atomic and ionic polarizabilities, and discusses their relevance to various applications with particular emphasis on cold-atom physics and the metrology of atomic frequency standards. C1 [Mitroy, J.] Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Engn, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitroy, J (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Engn, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. EM jxm107@rsphysse.anu.edu.au; msafrono@udel.edu; charles.clark@nist.gov RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Mitroy, James/N-2162-2013 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Mitroy, James/0000-0002-2477-1251 FU National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671]; US National Science Foundation [PHY-07-58088]; Australian Research Council [DP-1092620]; US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors express their appreciation to Dr U I Safronova for useful discussions and comments on the manuscript, and in particularly for her thorough check of most of the tables. This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center grant PHY-0822671 to the University of Maryland. This research has made extensive use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. The work of MSS was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation grant no PHY-07-58088. The work of JM was supported in part by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP-1092620. This research was performed in part under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 385 TC 174 Z9 177 U1 8 U2 81 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 20 AR 202001 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/20/202001 PG 38 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 658VF UT WOS:000282516800005 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, CJ Veza, D AF Sansonetti, Craig J. Veza, Damir TI Doppler-free measurement of the 546 nm line of mercury SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; WAVELENGTHS; LASER; STANDARDS; SHIFTS; IODINE AB We have made Doppler-free observations of the 546 nm line of neutral mercury by using saturated absorption and frequency modulation spectroscopy. Absolute wave numbers were measured for 14 resolved components arising from six mercury isotopes. Combining these measurements with precisely known isotope shifts and hyperfine-structure splittings, we derive a value for the wave number in (198)Hg from each of the measured features. Our final value for the wave number of the (198)Hg line is in good agreement with a recently reported measurement using Fourier transform spectroscopy but has an uncertainty that is smaller by a factor of 12. C1 [Sansonetti, Craig J.; Veza, Damir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Veza, Damir] Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. RP Sansonetti, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 20 AR 205003 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/20/205003 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 658VF UT WOS:000282516800008 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Wen, JS Xu, GY Stock, C Gardner, JS Gehring, PM AF Xu, Zhijun Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Stock, C. Gardner, J. S. Gehring, P. M. TI Two-component model of the neutron diffuse scattering in the relaxor ferroelectric PZN-4.5% PT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O-3; SYSTEM AB We report measurements of the neutron diffuse scattering in a single crystal of the relaxor ferroelectric material 95.5% Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-4.5% PbTiO3. Our results suggest that the nanometer scale structure in this compound exhibits both < 100 > and < 110 > polarizations, which contribute to different portions of the total diffuse scattering intensity. These contributions can be distinguished by the differing responses to an electric field applied along [001]. While diffuse scattering intensities associated with < 110 > (T2-type) polarizations show little to no change in a [001] field, those associated with < 100 > (T1-type) polarizations are partially suppressed by the field at temperatures below the Curie temperature T-C similar to 475 K. Neutron spin-echo measurements show that the diffuse scattering at (0.05,0,1) is largely dynamic at high temperature and gradually freezes on cooling, becoming mostly static at 200 K. C1 [Xu, Zhijun; Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stock, C.; Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.; Gehring, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX We wish to thank W. Ratcliff, S. M. Shapiro, and S. B. Vakhrushev for useful discussions. Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 AR 134124 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.134124 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 672HL UT WOS:000283573500004 ER PT J AU Zhou, HD Barlas, Y Wiebe, CR Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Gardner, JS AF Zhou, H. D. Barlas, Y. Wiebe, C. R. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Gardner, J. S. TI Inter- and intratrimer excitations in the multiferroic Ba3NbFe3Si2O14 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LATTICE; ANTIFERROMAGNET; DISORDER; ORDER AB Elastic and inelastic neutron-scattering experiments have been performed on single crystals of the multiferroic Ba3NbFe3Si2O14. It is found that the organization of the spin clusters into true long-range ordered states occurs by the following process: (i) by 60 K, there is evidence for short-range ordered triangular Fe clusters of spins, (ii) below 40 K, the clusters begin to form long-range ordered structures as a spin-wave spectrum develops, (iii) at T-N=26 K, the sample exhibits coexisting long-range and short-range ordered structures, and (iv) by T=1.5 K, a long-range ordered structure with a well-defined spin-wave spectrum develops. The spin-wave excitation can be described by a Heisenberg Hamiltonian within a distorted triangular lattice including both the intratrimer and intertrimer interactions. Physical property measurements showing anomalies near T=40 K can now be adequately explained as being due to scattering from low-energy spin fluctuations. C1 [Zhou, H. D.; Barlas, Y.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM zhou@magnet.fsu.edu RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 FU NSF [DMR-0654118, DMR-0454672, DMR-0944772] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF through the Cooperative Agreements No. DMR-0654118, DMR-0454672, and DMR-0944772. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 AR 132408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.132408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 672HL UT WOS:000283573500002 ER PT J AU Denig, W Cooke, D Furgeson, D AF Denig, William Cooke, David Furgeson, Dale TI Spacecraft Charging and Mitigation SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Denig, William] NOAA, Solar & Terr Phys Div, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Cooke, David] Hanscom AFB, AFRL Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Bedford, MA USA. [Furgeson, Dale] AFRL, Battlespace Environm Div, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Denig, W (reprint author), NOAA, Solar & Terr Phys Div, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM william.denig@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 8 AR S10007 DI 10.1029/2010SW000632 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674UD UT WOS:000283774600001 ER PT J AU Senff, CJ Alvarez, RJ Hardesty, RM Banta, RM Langford, AO AF Senff, C. J. Alvarez, R. J., II Hardesty, R. M. Banta, R. M. Langford, A. O. TI Airborne lidar measurements of ozone flux downwind of Houston and Dallas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POWER-PLANT PLUMES; 1995 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOW-LEVEL JET; TEXAS; NOX AB We use airborne lidar measurements of ozone collected during the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) 2000 and TexAQS 2006 field campaigns to compute the horizontal flux of ozone downwind of the Houston and Dallas/Fort Worth metropolitan areas. Fluxes are computed for each aircraft transect by integrating excess ozone (plume ozone minus background ozone) in the urban plumes and multiplying the result by the horizontal wind speed provided by radar wind profilers. In addition, we use the lidar data to estimate ozone production rates and ozone enhancements in the Houston and Dallas/Fort Worth plumes. We found that the average horizontal flux of ozone emanating from the Houston area based on data from six research flights was 3.2 . 10(26) molecules per second. This was significantly higher than the flux measured downwind of Dallas/Fort Worth during a single flight. The Houston fluxes exhibited a strong dependence on wind direction. Under southerly or northerly flow, ozone fluxes were about twice as large as under westerly or easterly flow conditions. We estimate that a day's worth of export of ozone from the Houston area could raise regional background ozone by about 10 ppbv over a 40,000 km(2) area. This has important ramifications for air quality in communities downwind of Houston as it could raise background ozone levels enough that regions with little or no local pollution sources of their own may violate the federally mandated ozone standard. C1 [Senff, C. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Senff, C. J.; Alvarez, R. J., II; Hardesty, R. M.; Banta, R. M.; Langford, A. O.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Senff, CJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christoph.senff@noaa.gov RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; FU NOAA Health of the Atmosphere program; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality [582-8-86246]; Flight crews of the Dynamic Aviation [DC-3]; NOAA Twin Otter research aircraft FX We thank Ann Weickmann, Scott Sandberg, Richard Marchbanks, Dan Law, Alan Brewer, Dave Merritt, and Janet Machol for their help with the airborne ozone lidar instruments; Lisa Darby, Joanne George, and Brandi McCarty for assistance with the analysis of data from the TexAQS 2000 and TexAQS 2006 experiments; the staff of the NOAA/ESRL/Physical Sciences Division and Sonoma Tech, Inc. for providing the radar wind profiler data; David Sullivan for making available the 5 min CAMS surface ozone data; and Michael Trainer and Greg Frost for helpful discussions. We acknowledge support from the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere program, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (grant 582-8-86246), and the flight crews of the Dynamic Aviation DC-3 and NOAA Twin Otter research aircraft. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D20307 DI 10.1029/2009JD013689 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 674MK UT WOS:000283749100003 ER PT J AU Tyssoy, HN Stadsnes, J Sorbo, M Mertens, CJ Evans, DS AF Tyssoy, H. Nesse Stadsnes, J. Sorbo, M. Mertens, C. J. Evans, D. S. TI Changes in upper mesospheric and lower thermospheric temperatures caused by energetic particle precipitation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR PROTON EVENTS; ATMOSPHERE; JOULE; BUDGET; OZONE AB A statistical evaluation on the upper mesospheric and lower thermospheric temperature effects caused by energetic particle precipitation is performed on the basis of data from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) and NOAA 15, 16, and 17 satellites. By combining particle measurement from the medium energy proton and electron detectors (MEPED) on board the NOAA satellites, maps of the global particle precipitation can be obtained close in time to the SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) temperature retrieval. Using large data sets, sorted by season, local time, and geomagnetic latitude, we investigated whether there are significant temperature effects in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere associated with the energetic particle precipitation. During both May/June and October/November 2003, we found a temperature increase related to particle precipitation at all heights above 100 km. In general, we did not find a consistent immediate temperature modification below 100 km associated with increased particle flux. Considering the temperatures retrieved during the extraordinary large geomagnetic storms in late October 2003, we found a cooling effect associated with energetic particle precipitation. C1 [Tyssoy, H. Nesse] Royal Norwegian Naval Acad, N-5886 Bergen, Norway. [Stadsnes, J.; Sorbo, M.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Mertens, C. J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tyssoy, HN (reprint author), Royal Norwegian Naval Acad, Pb 83 Haakonsvern, N-5886 Bergen, Norway. EM hilde.nesse@ift.uib.no FU Research Council of Norway [184701] FX This research was supported by the Research Council of Norway project 184701. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A10323 DI 10.1029/2010JA015427 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 674SY UT WOS:000283771300004 ER PT J AU Hammond, MR Dietsch, H Pravaz, O Schurtenberger, P AF Hammond, Matthew R. Dietsch, Herve Pravaz, Olivier Schurtenberger, Peter TI Mutual Alignment of Block Copolymer-Magnetic Nanoparticle Composites in a Magnetic Field SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; INDUCED ORIENTATION; PHASE; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANORODS; NANOSTRUCTURE; NANOCRYSTALS; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLES; POLYMERS C1 [Hammond, Matthew R.; Dietsch, Herve; Pravaz, Olivier; Schurtenberger, Peter] Univ Fribourg, Adolphe Merkle Inst, CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland. RP Hammond, MR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.hammond@mailaps.org; peter.schurtenberger@fkem1.lu.se RI Schurtenberger, Peter/K-1777-2013; Dietsch, Herve/J-4848-2016; OI Schurtenberger, Peter/0000-0002-2790-8831; Merkle Institute, Adolphe/0000-0002-6220-424X FU Adolphe Merkle Foundation; European Project; COST [D43]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Financial support was provided by the Adolphe Merkle Foundation, by the European Project "Nanomodel" within the frame of the FP7 program, and by COST D43. Alexander Hexemer and Chem; Wang at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, provided technical assistance. The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Raffaele Mezzenga and Ronald L. Jones are gratefully acknowledged for useful discussions. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 20 BP 8340 EP 8343 DI 10.1021/ma1012896 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 668SD UT WOS:000283289100004 ER PT J AU Shaw, JM Olsen, M Lau, JW Schneider, ML Silva, TJ Hellwig, O Dobisz, E Terris, BD AF Shaw, Justin M. Olsen, Miles Lau, June W. Schneider, Michael L. Silva, T. J. Hellwig, Olav Dobisz, Elizabeth Terris, Bruce D. TI Intrinsic defects in perpendicularly magnetized multilayer thin films and nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PATTERNED MEDIA; ANISOTROPY; RELAXATION; REVERSAL AB Intrinsic magnetic defects in perpendicularly magnetized nanostructures reduce the predictability of device and developing recording technologies. In addition to a distribution of local anisotropy fields, we show that such defects also exhibit variations in local anisotropy axes. The magnetic defects are identified by the application of in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields and magnetic force microscopy imaging. Those defects that control magnetization reversal in arrays of patterned Co/Pd multilayers are highly dependent on applied field orientation. The symmetry of the defects with respect to the applied field direction indicates that the anisotropy consists of a canted axis, deviating from the surface normal. Micromagnetic simulations confirm that variations in anisotropy axis can cause a significant change in reversal field depending on the location and orientation of the defects, consistent with experimental results. C1 [Shaw, Justin M.; Olsen, Miles; Silva, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Olsen, Miles; Schneider, Michael L.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lau, June W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hellwig, Olav; Dobisz, Elizabeth; Terris, Bruce D.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Lau, June/C-7509-2013; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors are grateful to Hans Nembach, Robert McMichael, Stephen Russek, and Tom Thomson for valuable discussions. This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Innovation in Measurement Science program. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144437 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144437 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 671GG UT WOS:000283487900008 ER PT J AU Crevoisier, C Sweeney, C Gloor, M Sarmiento, JL Tans, PP AF Crevoisier, Cyril Sweeney, Colm Gloor, Manuel Sarmiento, Jorge L. Tans, Pieter P. TI Regional US carbon sinks from three-dimensional atmospheric CO2 sampling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE atmospheric composition; biogeochemistry; carbon cycle; greenhouse gases ID DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; UNITED-STATES; LAND; REANALYSIS AB Studies diverge substantially on the actual magnitude of the North American carbon budget. This is due to the lack of appropriate data and also stems from the difficulty to properly model all the details of the flux distribution and transport inside the region of interest. To sidestep these difficulties, we use here a simple budgeting approach to estimate land-atmosphere fluxes across North America by balancing the inflow and outflow of CO2 from the troposphere. We base our study on the unique sampling strategy of atmospheric CO2 vertical profiles over North America from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory aircraft network, from which we infer the three-dimensional CO2 distribution over the continent. We find a moderate sink of 0.5 +/- 0.4 PgCy(-1) for the period 2004-2006 for the coterminous United States, in good agreement with the forest-inventory-based estimate of the first North American State of the Carbon Cycle Report, and averaged climate conditions. We find that the highest uptake occurs in the Midwest and in the Southeast. This partitioning agrees with independent estimates of crop uptake in the Midwest, which proves to be a significant part of the US atmospheric sink, and of secondary forest regrowth in the Southeast. Provided that vertical profile measurements are continued, our study offers an independent means to link regional carbon uptake to climate drivers. C1 [Crevoisier, Cyril] Ecole Polytech, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Crevoisier, Cyril; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sweeney, Colm; Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gloor, Manuel] Univ Leeds, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Gloor, Manuel] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Crevoisier, C (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM cyril.crevoisier@lmd.polytechnique.fr FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ2612]; U.S. Department of Commerce; Carbon Mitigation Initiative; Ford Motor Company; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research FX This research was funded by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science under award NA17RJ2612 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative, with support provided by the Ford Motor Company, and by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 43 BP 18348 EP 18353 DI 10.1073/pnas.0900062107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673QG UT WOS:000283677400025 PM 20937899 ER PT J AU Solomon, S Daniel, JS Sanford, TJ Murphy, DM Plattner, GK Knutti, R Friedlingstein, P AF Solomon, Susan Daniel, John S. Sanford, Todd J. Murphy, Daniel M. Plattner, Gian-Kasper Knutti, Reto Friedlingstein, Pierre TI Persistence of climate changes due to a range of greenhouse gases SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE atmosphere; dynamics; radiation ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TIME SCALES; CYCLE; EMISSIONS; OCEAN AB Emissions of a broad range of greenhouse gases of varying lifetimes contribute to global climate change. Carbon dioxide displays exceptional persistence that renders its warming nearly irreversible for more than 1,000 y. Here we show that the warming due to non-CO2 greenhouse gases, although not irreversible, persists notably longer than the anthropogenic changes in the greenhouse gas concentrations themselves. We explore why the persistence of warming depends not just on the decay of a given greenhouse gas concentration but also on climate system behavior, particularly the timescales of heat transfer linked to the ocean. For carbon dioxide and methane, nonlinear optical absorption effects also play a smaller but significant role in prolonging the warming. In effect, dampening factors that slow temperature increase during periods of increasing concentration also slow the loss of energy from the Earth's climate system if radiative forcing is reduced. Approaches to climate change mitigation options through reduction of greenhouse gas or aerosol emissions therefore should not be expected to decrease climate change impacts as rapidly as the gas or aerosol lifetime, even for short-lived species; such actions can have their greatest effect if undertaken soon enough to avoid transfer of heat to the deep ocean. C1 [Solomon, Susan; Daniel, John S.; Sanford, Todd J.; Murphy, Daniel M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sanford, Todd J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Plattner, Gian-Kasper] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys Phys Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Knutti, Reto] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Friedlingstein, Pierre] Univ Versailles St Quentin, CEA Saclay, CNRS, CEA,UMR 1572,Inst Pierre Simon Laplace,Lab Sci Cl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Friedlingstein, Pierre] Univ Bristol, QUEST Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM susan.solomon@noaa.gov RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Knutti, Reto/B-8763-2008; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/A-5245-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Knutti, Reto/0000-0001-8303-6700; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/0000-0002-3765-0045; NR 39 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 43 BP 18354 EP 18359 DI 10.1073/pnas.1006282107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673QG UT WOS:000283677400026 PM 20937898 ER PT J AU Struve, J Lorenzen, K Blanchard, J Borger, L Bunnefeld, N Edwards, C Hortal, J MacCall, A Matthiopoulos, J Van Moorter, B Ozgul, A Royer, F Singh, N Yesson, C Bernard, R AF Struve, Juliane Lorenzen, Kai Blanchard, Julia Borger, Luca Bunnefeld, Nils Edwards, Charles Hortal, Joaquin MacCall, Alec Matthiopoulos, Jason Van Moorter, Bram Ozgul, Arpat Royer, Francois Singh, Navinder Yesson, Chris Bernard, Rodolphe TI Lost in space? Searching for directions in the spatial modelling of individuals, populations and species ranges SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE spatial modelling; dispersal; movement; population dynamics; biogeography ID MOVEMENT; ECOLOGY; NICHE AB The workshop 'Spatial models in animal ecology, management and conservation' held at Silwood Park (UK), 9-11 March 2010, aimed to synthesize recent progress in modelling the spatial dynamics of individuals, populations and species ranges and to provide directions for research. It brought together marine and terrestrial researchers working on spatial models at different levels of organization, using empirical as well as theory-driven approaches. Different approaches, temporal and spatial scales, and practical constraints predominate at different levels of organization and in different environments. However, there are theoretical concepts and specific methods that can fruitfully be transferred across levels and systems, including: habitat suitability characterization, movement rules, and ways of estimating uncertainty. C1 [Struve, Juliane; Lorenzen, Kai; Blanchard, Julia; Bunnefeld, Nils; Edwards, Charles; Ozgul, Arpat; Singh, Navinder; Bernard, Rodolphe] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Borger, Luca] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Bunnefeld, Nils] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Hortal, Joaquin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, NERC Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [MacCall, Alec] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Matthiopoulos, Jason] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Van Moorter, Bram] Norwegian Inst Technol, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Royer, Francois] CLS, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France. [Yesson, Chris] Zool Soc London, London NW1 4RY, England. RP Struve, J (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. EM j.struve@imperial.ac.uk RI Singh, Navinder/E-3914-2010; Bunnefeld, Nils/G-1946-2011; Blanchard, Julia/E-4919-2010; Ozgul, Arpat/K-2032-2012; Borger, Luca/C-6003-2008; Hortal, Joaquin/A-1531-2008; Matthiopoulos, Jason/N-9808-2013; OI Blanchard, Julia/0000-0003-0532-4824; Ozgul, Arpat/0000-0001-7477-2642; Borger, Luca/0000-0001-8763-5997; Hortal, Joaquin/0000-0002-8370-8877; Bunnefeld, Nils/0000-0002-1349-4463; Yesson, Chris/0000-0002-6731-4229 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 5 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0338 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 649AW UT WOS:000281739100001 PM 20484232 ER PT J AU Bailey, KM Ciannelli, L Hunsicker, M Rindorf, A Neuenfeldt, S Mollmann, C Guichard, F Huse, G AF Bailey, Kevin M. Ciannelli, Lorenzo Hunsicker, Mary Rindorf, Anna Neuenfeldt, Stefan Moellmann, Christian Guichard, Frederic Huse, Geir TI Comparative analysis of marine ecosystems: workshop on predator-prey interactions SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE predator-prey; food webs; scaling; marine ecosystems AB Climate and human influences on marine ecosystems are largely manifested by changes in predator-prey interactions. It follows that ecosystem-based management of the world's oceans requires a better understanding of food web relationships. An international workshop on predator-prey interactions in marine ecosystems was held at the Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA on 16-18 March 2010. The meeting brought together scientists from diverse fields of expertise including theoretical ecology, animal behaviour, fish and seabird ecology, statistics, fisheries science and ecosystem modelling. The goals of the workshop were to critically examine the methods of scaling-up predator-prey interactions from local observations to systems, the role of shifting ecological processes with scale changes, and the complexity and organizational structure in trophic interactions. C1 [Bailey, Kevin M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo; Hunsicker, Mary] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rindorf, Anna; Neuenfeldt, Stefan] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Moellmann, Christian] Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, Hamburg, Germany. [Guichard, Frederic] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Huse, Geir] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. RP Bailey, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM kevin.bailey@noaa.gov RI Guichard, Frederic/B-6188-2015; Mollmann, Christian/C-4788-2011; OI Guichard, Frederic/0000-0002-7369-482X; Mollmann, Christian/0000-0001-9161-6342 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 5 BP 579 EP 581 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0326 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 649AW UT WOS:000281739100002 PM 20462888 ER PT J AU Baker, CS Steel, D Choi, Y Lee, H Kim, KS Choi, SK Ma, YU Hambleton, C Psihoyos, L Brownell, RL Funahashi, N AF Baker, C. Scott Steel, Debbie Choi, Yeyong Lee, Hang Kim, Kyung Seok Choi, Sung Kyoung Ma, Yong-Un Hambleton, Charles Psihoyos, Louie Brownell, R. L. Funahashi, Naoko TI Genetic evidence of illegal trade in protected whales links Japan with the US and South Korea SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE IWC; whaling; CITES; infraction ID PRODUCTS; WILDLIFE; MARKETS AB We report on genetic identification of 'whale meat' purchased in sushi restaurants in Los Angeles, CA (USA) in October 2009 and in Seoul, South Korea in June and September 2009. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences confirmed that the products included three species of whale currently killed in the controversial scientific whaling programme of Japan, but which are protected from international trade: the fin, sei and Antarctic minke. The DNA profile of the fin whale sold in Seoul established a match to products purchased previously in Japan in September 2007, confirming unauthorized trade between these two countries. Following species identification, these products were handed over to the appropriate national or local authorities for further investigation. The illegal trade of products from protected species of whales, presumably taken under a national permit for scientific research, is a timely reminder of the need for independent, transparent and robust monitoring of any future whaling. C1 [Baker, C. Scott; Steel, Debbie] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Steel, Debbie] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Choi, Yeyong] Korean Federat Environm Movements, Ocean Comm, Seoul, South Korea. [Lee, Hang; Kim, Kyung Seok; Choi, Sung Kyoung] Seoul Natl Univ, Conservat & Genome Resource Bank Korean Wildlife, Seoul, South Korea. [Ma, Yong-Un] Korean Federat Environm Movements, Nat Conservat Comm, Seoul, South Korea. [Hambleton, Charles; Psihoyos, Louie] Ocean Preservat Soc, Boulder, CO USA. [Brownell, R. L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Funahashi, Naoko] Int Fund Anim Welf, Tokyo, Japan. RP Baker, CS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM scott.baker@oregonstate.edu RI Lee, Hang/A-7516-2011 OI Lee, Hang/0000-0003-0264-6289 FU Pacific Life Foundation; US National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding in support of laboratory analyses was provided by the Pacific Life Foundation and the US National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 5 BP 647 EP 650 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0239 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 649AW UT WOS:000281739100021 PM 20392716 ER PT J AU Guan, B Molotch, NP Waliser, DE Fetzer, EJ Neiman, PJ AF Guan, Bin Molotch, Noah P. Waliser, Duane E. Fetzer, Eric J. Neiman, Paul J. TI Extreme snowfall events linked to atmospheric rivers and surface air temperature via satellite measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED SNOWMELT MODEL; RIO-GRANDE HEADWATERS; WATER EQUIVALENT; NORTH-AMERICA; SIERRA-NEVADA; COVER DATA; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS AB Narrow bands of strong atmospheric water vapor transport, referred to as "atmospheric rivers" (ARs), are responsible for the majority of wintertime extreme precipitation events with important contributions to the seasonal water balance. We investigate relationships between snow water equivalent (SWE), precipitation, and surface air temperature (SAT) across the Sierra Nevada for 45 wintertime AR events. Analysis of assimilated and in situ data for water years 2004-2010 indicates that ARs on average generate similar to 4 times daily SWE accumulation of non-AR storms. In addition, AR events contributed similar to 30-40% of total seasonal SWE accumulation in most years, with the contribution dominated by just 1-2 extreme events in some cases. In situ and remotely sensed observations show that SWE changes associated with ARs are closely related to SAT. These results reveal the previously unexplored significance of ARs with regard to the snowpack and associated sensitivities of AR precipitation to SAT. Citation: Guan, B., N. P. Molotch, D. E. Waliser, E. J. Fetzer, and P. J. Neiman (2010), Extreme snowfall events linked to atmospheric rivers and surface air temperature via satellite measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20401, doi:10.1029/2010GL044696. C1 [Guan, Bin; Molotch, Noah P.; Waliser, Duane E.; Fetzer, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Guan, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bin.guan@jpl.nasa.gov RI Guan, Bin/F-6735-2010; Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009 FU NSF [EAR071160]; NASA [NNX08AH18G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was supported by NSF EAR071160 and by NASA grant NNX08AH18G. B. Tian, M. Ralph, G. Wick, M. Dettinger, K. Weickmann and J. Kim are acknowledged for useful discussions and technical support. Data used in this study have been obtained online from NSIDC, CA DWR, NASA and ECMWF. DEW's and BG's contribution, and part of NPM's contribution, to this study was carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 28 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L20401 DI 10.1029/2010GL044696 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 704YK UT WOS:000286091800001 ER PT J AU Ray, GC Overland, JE Hufford, GL AF Ray, G. Carleton Overland, James E. Hufford, Gary L. TI Seascape as an organizing principle for evaluating walrus and seal sea-ice habitat in Beringia SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The term "seascape", as used here, relates the natural history of ice-dependent pinnipeds to their sea-ice environments at different spatial scales, following concepts of landscape ecology. Habitats are characterized by heterogeneous but repeatable structures of sea ice. As an example, multiple mesoscale (3-50 km) seascapes present conditions for different ecological preferences of five Beringian ice-dependent pinnipeds, as observed during 2006-2009 winter-spring icebreaker cruises. Seascape partitioning concepts are important for understanding and projecting species' responses to change under climate-change scenarios. Citation: Ray, G. C., J. E. Overland, and G. L. Hufford (2010), Seascape as an organizing principle for evaluating walrus and seal sea-ice habitat in Beringia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20504, doi:10.1029/2010GL044452. C1 [Ray, G. Carleton] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hufford, Gary L.] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. RP Ray, GC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, 291 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM cr@vrginia.edu; james.e.overland@noaa.gov; gary.hufford@noaa.gov FU NOAA's National Weather Service-Alaska Region; U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; University of Virginia FX We thank the Captains, Chief Scientists, crews, and technical personnel for assistance recording pinnipeds from the icebreaker USGC Healy during 2006-2009 winter-spring cruises. Special thanks are due to Kathy Kuletz and Elizabeth Labunski of the Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska, for marine mammal observations and photographs, and also to Michael Cameron and colleagues of NOAA's National Marine Mammal Laboratory and Chadwick Jay and Anthony Fischback of the U.S. Geological Survey for their observations. Thanks also to anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions. Steve Roberts of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, provided ship positions and access to satellite imagery aboard the Healy. Robert L. Smith, Charlottesville, Virginia, formatted the illustrations. NOAA's National Weather Service-Alaska Region, the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, and the Global Biodiversity Fund of the University of Virginia provided support for this paper. PMEL contribution no. 3614. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L20504 DI 10.1029/2010GL044452 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 704YK UT WOS:000286091800004 ER PT J AU Gettelman, A Hegglin, MI Son, SW Kim, J Fujiwara, M Birner, T Kremser, S Rex, M Anel, JA Akiyoshi, H Austin, J Bekki, S Braesike, P Bruhl, C Butchart, N Chipperfield, M Dameris, M Dhomse, S Garny, H Hardiman, SC Jockel, P Kinnison, DE Lamarque, JF Mancini, E Marchand, M Michou, M Morgenstern, O Pawson, S Pitari, G Plummer, D Pyle, JA Rozanov, E Scinocca, J Shepherd, TG Shibata, K Smale, D Teyssedre, H Tian, W AF Gettelman, A. Hegglin, M. I. Son, S. -W. Kim, J. Fujiwara, M. Birner, T. Kremser, S. Rex, M. Anel, J. A. Akiyoshi, H. Austin, J. Bekki, S. Braesike, P. Bruehl, C. Butchart, N. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, M. Dhomse, S. Garny, H. Hardiman, S. C. Joeckel, P. Kinnison, D. E. Lamarque, J. F. Mancini, E. Marchand, M. Michou, M. Morgenstern, O. Pawson, S. Pitari, G. Plummer, D. Pyle, J. A. Rozanov, E. Scinocca, J. Shepherd, T. G. Shibata, K. Smale, D. Teyssedre, H. Tian, W. TI Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Tropics and global trends SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; TECHNICAL NOTE; ERA-40 REANALYSIS; ANNUAL CYCLE; WATER-VAPOR; OZONE; TRANSPORT AB The performance of 18 coupled Chemistry Climate Models (CCMs) in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) is evaluated using qualitative and quantitative diagnostics. Trends in tropopause quantities in the tropics and the extratropical Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) are analyzed. A quantitative grading methodology for evaluating CCMs is extended to include variability and used to develop four different grades for tropical tropopause temperature and pressure, water vapor and ozone. Four of the 18 models and the multi-model mean meet quantitative and qualitative standards for reproducing key processes in the TTL. Several diagnostics are performed on a subset of the models analyzing the Tropopause Inversion Layer (TIL), Lagrangian cold point and TTL transit time. Historical decreases in tropical tropopause pressure and decreases in water vapor are simulated, lending confidence to future projections. The models simulate continued decreases in tropopause pressure in the 21st century, along with similar to 1K increases per century in cold point tropopause temperature and 0.5-1 ppmv per century increases in water vapor above the tropical tropopause. TTL water vapor increases below the cold point. In two models, these trends are associated with 35% increases in TTL cloud fraction. These changes indicate significant perturbations to TTL processes, specifically to deep convective heating and humidity transport. Ozone in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere has significant and hemispheric asymmetric trends. O-3 is projected to increase by nearly 30% due to ozone recovery in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and due to enhancements in the stratospheric circulation. These UTLS ozone trends may have significant effects in the TTL and the troposphere. C1 [Gettelman, A.; Kinnison, D. E.; Lamarque, J. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hegglin, M. I.; Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Son, S. -W.; Kim, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Fujiwara, M.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan. [Birner, T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kremser, S.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Rex, M.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Anel, J. A.] Univ Vigo, Environm Phys Lab, E-32004 Orense, Spain. [Akiyoshi, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Austin, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Bekki, S.; Marchand, M.] CNRS INSU, UMPC, UVSQ, Inst Pierre Simone Laplace,LATMOS, F-75252 Paris, France. [Braesike, P.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Bruehl, C.; Joeckel, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Chipperfield, M.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dameris, M.; Garny, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. [Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Michou, M.; Teyssedre, H.] Meteo France, CNRS, GAME CNRM, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Morgenstern, O.; Smale, D.] Natl Inst Water & Atmosphere, Lauder, New Zealand. [Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modelling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Plummer, D.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, CH-7620 Davos, Switzerland. [Scinocca, J.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. RP Gettelman, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew@ucar.edu RI Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008; Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Fujiwara, Masatomo/F-7852-2012; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Son, Seok-Woo /A-8797-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Hegglin, Michaela/D-7528-2017; OI Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428; Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Hegglin, Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; /0000-0002-3573-7083 FU United States National Science Foundation; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071]; European Union [SCOUT-O3] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the United States National Science Foundation. The work of N. Butchart and S. Hardiman was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme - DECC/Defra (GA01101). We acknowledge the modeling groups for making their simulations available for this analysis, the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity for WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071). CCSRNIES and MRI simulations were made with the supercomputer at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. European contributions were supported by the European Union Integrated Project SCOUT-O3. WACCM-hires simulations were performed at the Centro de Supercomputacion de Galicia. Thanks go to Darryn Waugh for the use of code for producing tables. NR 76 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00M08 DI 10.1029/2009JD013638 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 671XH UT WOS:000283546600002 ER PT J AU Hegglin, MI Gettelman, A Hoor, P Krichevsky, R Manney, GL Pan, LL Son, SW Stiller, G Tilmes, S Walker, KA Eyring, V Shepherd, TG Waugh, D Akiyoshi, H Anel, JA Austin, J Baumgaertner, A Bekki, S Braesicke, P Bruhl, C Butchart, N Chipperfield, M Dameris, M Dhomse, S Frith, S Garny, H Hardiman, SC Jockel, P Kinnison, DE Lamarque, JF Mancini, E Michou, M Morgenstern, O Nakamura, T Olivie, D Pawson, S Pitari, G Plummer, DA Pyle, JA Rozanov, E Scinocca, JF Shibata, K Smale, D Teyssedre, H Tian, W Yamashita, Y AF Hegglin, M. I. Gettelman, A. Hoor, P. Krichevsky, R. Manney, G. L. Pan, L. L. Son, S. -W. Stiller, G. Tilmes, S. Walker, K. A. Eyring, V. Shepherd, T. G. Waugh, D. Akiyoshi, H. Anel, J. A. Austin, J. Baumgaertner, A. Bekki, S. Braesicke, P. Bruehl, C. Butchart, N. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, M. Dhomse, S. Frith, S. Garny, H. Hardiman, S. C. Joeckel, P. Kinnison, D. E. Lamarque, J. F. Mancini, E. Michou, M. Morgenstern, O. Nakamura, T. Olivie, D. Pawson, S. Pitari, G. Plummer, D. A. Pyle, J. A. Rozanov, E. Scinocca, J. F. Shibata, K. Smale, D. Teyssedre, H. Tian, W. Yamashita, Y. TI Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Extratropics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; QUANTITATIVE PERFORMANCE METRICS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; IMK-IAA PROCESSOR; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; VERTICAL-RESOLUTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; TROPOPAUSE REGION; TRANSPORT MODELS AB A multimodel assessment of the performance of chemistry-climate models (CCMs) in the extratropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) is conducted for the first time. Process-oriented diagnostics are used to validate dynamical and transport characteristics of 18 CCMs using meteorological analyses and aircraft and satellite observations. The main dynamical and chemical climatological characteristics of the extratropical UTLS are generally well represented by the models, despite the limited horizontal and vertical resolution. The seasonal cycle of lowermost stratospheric mass is realistic, however with a wide spread in its mean value. A tropopause inversion layer is present in most models, although the maximum in static stability is located too high above the tropopause and is somewhat too weak, as expected from limited model resolution. Similar comments apply to the extratropical tropopause transition layer. The seasonality in lower stratospheric chemical tracers is consistent with the seasonality in the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Both vertical and meridional tracer gradients are of similar strength to those found in observations. Models that perform less well tend to use a semi-Lagrangian transport scheme and/or have a very low resolution. Two models, and the multimodel mean, score consistently well on all diagnostics, while seven other models score well on all diagnostics except the seasonal cycle of water vapor. Only four of the models are consistently below average. The lack of tropospheric chemistry in most models limits their evaluation in the upper troposphere. Finally, the UTLS is relatively sparsely sampled by observations, limiting our ability to quantitatively evaluate many aspects of model performance. C1 [Hegglin, M. I.; Krichevsky, R.; Walker, K. A.; Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Anel, J. A.] Univ Vigo, Environm Phys Lab, E-32004 Orense, Spain. [Austin, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hoor, P.; Baumgaertner, A.; Bruehl, C.; Joeckel, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Bekki, S.] CNRS INSU, UMPC, UVSQ, Inst Pierre Simone Laplace,LATMOS, F-75252 Paris, France. [Braesicke, P.; Morgenstern, O.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Chipperfield, M.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Eyring, V.; Dameris, M.; Garny, H.; Joeckel, P.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. [Frith, S.; Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modelling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gettelman, A.; Pan, L. L.; Tilmes, S.; Kinnison, D. E.; Lamarque, J. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Manney, G. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Michou, M.; Olivie, D.; Teyssedre, H.] Meteo France, CNRS, GAME CNRM, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Morgenstern, O.; Smale, D.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Scinocca, J. F.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Son, S. -W.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Stiller, G.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Waugh, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Hegglin, MI (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM michaela@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca RI hoor, peter/G-5421-2010; Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Baumgaertner, Andreas/C-4830-2011; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Son, Seok-Woo /A-8797-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Hegglin, Michaela/D-7528-2017; OI hoor, peter/0000-0001-6582-6864; Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Baumgaertner, Andreas/0000-0002-4740-0701; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Hegglin, Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740 FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); Canadian Space Agency (CSA) through the C-SPARC network; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [19340138]; Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071, A-0903]; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; European Commission [SCOUT-O3] FX Thanks go to Diane Pendlebury and Mike Neish (University of Toronto) for technical assistance with figures and the CCMVal-2 data. M. I. Hegglin has been supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) through the C-SPARC network, which supports CMAM. Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. CCSRNIES research was supported by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan (19340138) and the Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071 and A-0903). Both CCSRNIES and MRI simulations were completed with the supercomputer at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan. The contribution of the Met Office Hadley Centre was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). European contributions were supported by the European Commission through the SCOUT-O3 project under the 6th Framework Programme. WACCM-hires simulations were performed at the Centro de Supercomputacion de Galicia. We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity of WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. NR 100 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00M09 DI 10.1029/2010JD013884 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 671XH UT WOS:000283546600006 ER PT J AU Scharroo, R Smith, WHF AF Scharroo, Remko Smith, Walter H. F. TI A global positioning system-based climatology for the total electron content in the ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE; SOLAR-ACTIVITY; MODEL; INTERFEROMETRY; DELAY; IRI; TEC AB The total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere is an important factor in the propagation of radio waves. Since 1998 the coverage global positioning system (GPS) observations has been sufficient to monitor the TEC globally. We have used the global ionosphere maps provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to devise a new ionosphere climatology (NIC09). The climatology fits the GPS maps to 4.5 TECU, more than twice as well as the IRI2007 climatology. The use of the global mean TEC as the input parameter reduces scaling errors and long-term mean errors in the model. For climatic studies of sea level measured by satellite radar altimeters, it is necessary to go back before 1998. During the earlier years of radar altimetry, we use TOPEX dual-frequency altimeter data to reconstruct the global mean TEC or use the solar radio flux (F(10.7)) as a proxy. The comparison of dual-frequency altimeter data with the GPS maps demonstrated that about 8% of the TEC extends above 1350 km and about 14% above 800 km. The root mean square error of the NIC09 climatology was found to be approximately 18% of the TEC, compared to 14% for the GPS TEC maps, and 35% for IRI2007. C1 [Scharroo, Remko] Altimetrics LLC, Cornish, NH 03745 USA. [Smith, Walter H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, ERA31, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Scharroo, R (reprint author), Altimetrics LLC, 330A Parsonage Rd, Cornish, NH 03745 USA. EM remko@altimetrics.com; walter.hf.smith@noaa.gov RI Scharroo, Remko/F-5623-2010; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 34 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A10318 DI 10.1029/2009JA014719 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 671YJ UT WOS:000283549900001 ER PT J AU Cho, KS Bong, SC Moon, YJ Dryer, M Lee, SE Kim, KH AF Cho, K. -S. Bong, S. -C. Moon, Y. -J. Dryer, M. Lee, S. -E. Kim, K. -H. TI An empirical relationship between coronal mass ejection initial speed and solar wind dynamic pressure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ANGLE AB Interplanetary shocks that precede coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are mainly responsible for sudden impulses, which are characterized by a simple step-like increase in the horizontal H component. Such a magnetic field change has been explained as a compression of the magnetosphere by the passage of a sudden increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Strong compression of the dayside magnetopause could cause geosynchronous satellites to be exposed to solar wind environments where large fluctuations of the interplanetary magnetic field and highly energetic particles are present. In this study, we chose 26 event pairs consisting of a type II burst/CME occurring in conjunction with a sudden commencement/sudden impulse (SC/SI) whose solar wind, and Earth magnetic field data are available. We then investigated relationships among three physical properties (kinetic energy, directional parameter, and speed) of near-Sun CMEs, solar wind dynamic pressure, and SC/SI amplitude. As a result, we found that (1) the CME speed is more highly correlated with SC/SI amplitude than its kinetic energy and direction parameter; (2) by adopting the empirical relationship between solar wind dynamic pressure and amplitude of symmetric H (a steplike increase in the horizontal H component at low latitude), we could derive an empirical formula for the relationship between solar wind dynamic pressure near the Earth and the CME speed; (3) the CME speed has a linear relationship with the difference of magnetopause locations derived by using the model of Shue et al. (1998) at the subsolar point before and after the shock arrivals; (4) a fast CME greater than 1600 km s(-1) could be a driver of the magnetopause crossing of a spacecraft at geosynchronous orbit. Our results show that the CME speed is an important parameter for early prediction of geosynchronous magnetopause crossing. C1 [Cho, K. -S.; Bong, S. -C.; Lee, S. -E.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Div Space Sci, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Moon, Y. -J.; Kim, K. -H.] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Dryer, M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cho, KS (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Div Space Sci, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM kscho@kasi.re.kr RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013; Kim , Khan-Hyuk/E-2361-2013 FU KASI; Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology [R31-10016]; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2008-314-C00158] FX This work has been supported by the "Development of Korean Space Weather Center" project of KASI, and the KASI basic research fund. Y.J.M. and K. H. K. have been supported by the WCU grant (R31-10016) funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology and by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2008-314-C00158). M. D. expresses appreciation for the emeritus hospitality of the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A10111 DI 10.1029/2009JA015139 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 671YI UT WOS:000283549800001 ER PT J AU Coskuner, O AF Coskuner, Orkid TI Single Ion and Dimerization Studies of the Al(III) Ion in Aqueous Solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; AB-INITIO; PROTON-TRANSFER; METAL-IONS; ALUMINUM COMPLEXES; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXYGEN-EXCHANGE; ACUTE TOXICITY AB Aqueous trivalent aluminum (Al) ions and their oligomers play important roles in diverse areas, such as environmental sciences and medicine. The geometries of octahedral Al(H2O)(6)(3+) and tetrahedral Al(OH)(4)(-) species have been studied extensively. However, structures of intermediate hydrolysis products of the Al(III) ion, such as the penta-coordinated Al(OH)(2+) species, which exists at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 4.3, and their mode of formation have been poorly understood. Here, we present that a trigonal bipyramidal Al(OH)(H2O)(4)(2+) structure is formed in aqueous solution and how this monomeric species dimerizes to dinuclear [(H2O)(4)Al(OH)(2)Al(H2O)(4)](4+) complex in aqueous solution. The Gibbs free energy change calculations indicate that the formation of the dinuclear complex is preferred over the existence of two single trigonal bipyramidal Al(OH)(H2O)(4)(2+) species in aqueous solution. This study captures the solution dynamics and proton transfer in the oligomerization reactions of penta-coordinated Al(OH)(2+) species in aqueous solution. C1 [Coskuner, Orkid] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Coskuner, Orkid] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coskuner, O (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, 1 UTSA Dr, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM orkid.coskuner@utsa.edu RI Coskuner, Orkid/O-5376-2016 OI Coskuner, Orkid/0000-0002-0772-9350 NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 41 BP 10981 EP 10987 DI 10.1021/jp102906c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 662XW UT WOS:000282848600010 PM 20879774 ER PT J AU Herzing, AA Richter, LJ Anderson, IM AF Herzing, Andrew A. Richter, Lee J. Anderson, Ian M. TI 3D Nanoscale Characterization of Thin-Film Organic Photovoltaic Device Structures via Spectroscopic Contrast in the TEM SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; RAY SPECTRAL IMAGES; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; TOMOGRAPHY; EFTEM; MICROANALYSIS; MORPHOLOGY; SEM AB The three-dimensional characterization of third generation photovoltaic device structures at the nanometer scale is essential to the development of efficient, reliable, and inexpensive solar cell technologies. Electron tomography is a powerful method for three-dimensional characterization; however, the application of this method to die organic materials systems that comprise typical high-efficiency devices is complicated by the difficulty in generating contrast from the compositionally similar materials. Herein we report the application of low-loss energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy as a method of generating spectroscopic contrast from a common organic bulk-heterojunction thin film consisting of a polymer donor and a fullerene-derivative acceptor. Spectral imaging methods combined with principal component analysis are used to characterize the contrast generation mechanism and to determine the optimum data acquisition parameters for this particular combination of organic phases. A proof of method for using the low-loss spectral signal as a basis for electron tomography is presented. and the advantages and drawbacks or the technique as applied to multiphase organic systems relative to the more commonly employed bright-field imaging approach are outlined. C1 [Herzing, Andrew A.; Richter, Lee J.; Anderson, Ian M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Herzing, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.herzing@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov; ian.anderson@nist.gov RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU NRC FX We would like to thank Drs. XinRan Zhang, Steven Hudson, and Dean Delongchamp (NIST) for providing the samples and for many helpful discussions. A.A.H. acknowledges the support of the NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program NR 31 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 41 BP 17501 EP 17508 DI 10.1021/jp105883p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 663AM UT WOS:000282855400034 ER PT J AU Shin, JW Bertocci, U Stafford, GR AF Shin, J. W. Bertocci, U. Stafford, G. R. TI Underpotential Deposition of Tl on (111)-Textured Au: In Situ Stress and Nanogravimetric Measurements SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ELECTRODE SURFACE; GOLD ELECTRODES; AU(111) ELECTRODE; METAL-ELECTRODES; SOLID ELECTRODES; STEPPED SURFACES; OXYGEN REDUCTION AB The surface stress associated with the underpotential deposition (upd) of thallium (Tl) on (111)-textured Au is examined, using the wafer curvature method in acidic perchlorate supporting electrolyte. The process is also examined by independent nanogravimetric measurements using an electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN). We observe a sweep rate dependence for both the individual voltammetric waves and stress response, which we attribute to kinetically controlled surface alloying that occurs only it low coverage. Similar behavior has been reported for Pb upd on (111)-textured Au, hut the kinetics for Tl considerably slower and are very sensitive to the defect density of the Au(111) surface. At high coverage. a full Tl monolayer is formed; however. a dealloying step is required prior to completion of the monolayer. The stress hump that is coincident with the last voltammetric wave appears to he caused by the formation and removal of the surface alloy. This is confirmed by long-term potentiostatic pulsing experiments. C1 [Shin, J. W.; Bertocci, U.; Stafford, G. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, GR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology NanoFab at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Carlos Beauchamp for technical contributions, Abhishek Motayed or electron beam evaporating the Au cantilever electrodes, and Liang Yueh Ou Yang For helping prepare and flame anneal the Au single crystal. This work was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology NanoFab at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 41 BP 17621 EP 17628 DI 10.1021/jp1034486 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 663AM UT WOS:000282855400050 ER PT J AU Fowler, JW Acquaviva, V Ade, PAR Aguirre, P Amiri, M Appel, JW Barrientos, LF Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Brown, B Burger, B Chervenak, J Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Doriese, WB Dunkley, J Dunner, R Essinger-Hileman, T Fisher, RP Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Hilton, GC Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, DH Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Jimenez, R Juin, JB Kaul, M Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lau, JM Limon, M Lin, YT Lupton, RH Marriage, TA Marsden, D Martocci, K Mauskopf, P Menanteau, F Moodley, K Moseley, H Netterfield, CB Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Partridge, B Quintana, H Reid, B Sehgal, N Sievers, J Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Tucker, C Verde, L Warne, R Wilson, G Wollack, E Zhao, Y AF Fowler, J. W. Acquaviva, V. Ade, P. A. R. Aguirre, P. Amiri, M. Appel, J. W. Barrientos, L. F. Battistelli, E. S. Bond, J. R. Brown, B. Burger, B. Chervenak, J. Das, S. Devlin, M. J. Dicker, S. R. Doriese, W. B. Dunkley, J. Duenner, R. Essinger-Hileman, T. Fisher, R. P. Hajian, A. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hernandez-Monteagudo, C. Hilton, G. C. Hilton, M. Hincks, A. D. Hlozek, R. Huffenberger, K. M. Hughes, D. H. Hughes, J. P. Infante, L. Irwin, K. D. Jimenez, R. Juin, J. B. Kaul, M. Klein, J. Kosowsky, A. Lau, J. M. Limon, M. Lin, Y. -T. Lupton, R. H. Marriage, T. A. Marsden, D. Martocci, K. Mauskopf, P. Menanteau, F. Moodley, K. Moseley, H. Netterfield, C. B. Niemack, M. D. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Parker, L. Partridge, B. Quintana, H. Reid, B. Sehgal, N. Sievers, J. Spergel, D. N. Staggs, S. T. Swetz, D. S. Switzer, E. R. Thornton, R. Trac, H. Tucker, C. Verde, L. Warne, R. Wilson, G. Wollack, E. Zhao, Y. TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: A MEASUREMENT OF THE 600 < l < 8000 COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM AT 148 GHz SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations ID 1200-MU-M MAMBO SURVEY; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; GOODS-N FIELD; SOURCE CATALOG; EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCES; ANISOTROPY POWER; PLANCK SURVEYOR; DUST EMISSION; PROBE AB We present a measurement of the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation observed at 148 GHz. The measurement uses maps with 1'.4 angular resolution made with data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The observations cover 228 deg(2) of the southern sky, in a 4 degrees.2 wide strip centered on declination 53 degrees south. The CMB at arcminute angular scales is particularly sensitive to the Silk damping scale, to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect from galaxy clusters, and to emission by radio sources and dusty galaxies. After masking the 108 brightest point sources in our maps, we estimate the power spectrum between 600 < l < 8000 using the adaptive multi-taper method to minimize spectral leakage and maximize use of the full data set. Our absolute calibration is based on observations of Uranus. To verify the calibration and test the fidelity of our map at large angular scales, we cross-correlate the ACT map to the WMAP map and recover the WMAP power spectrum from 250 < l < 1150. The power beyond the Silk damping tail of the CMB (l similar to 5000) is consistent with models of the emission from point sources. We quantify the contribution of SZ clusters to the power spectrum by fitting to a model normalized to sigma(8) = 0.8. We constrain the model's amplitude A(SZ) < 1.63 (95% CL). If interpreted as a measurement of sigma(8), this implies sigma(SZ)(8) < 0.86 (95% CL) given our SZ model. A fit of ACT and WMAP five-year data jointly to a six-parameter Lambda CDM model plus point sources and the SZ effect is consistent with these results. C1 [Fowler, J. W.; Appel, J. W.; Das, S.; Dunkley, J.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Fisher, R. P.; Hajian, A.; Hincks, A. D.; Lau, J. M.; Limon, M.; Martocci, K.; Niemack, M. D.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L.; Reid, B.; Staggs, S. T.; Switzer, E. R.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Acquaviva, V.; Das, S.; Dunkley, J.; Hajian, A.; Lin, Y. -T.; Lupton, R. H.; Marriage, T. A.; Spergel, D. N.; Trac, H.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Acquaviva, V.; Hughes, J. P.; Menanteau, F.; Sehgal, N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Mauskopf, P.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aguirre, P.; Barrientos, L. F.; Duenner, R.; Infante, L.; Juin, J. B.; Lin, Y. -T.; Quintana, H.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Amiri, M.; Battistelli, E. S.; Burger, B.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Battistelli, E. S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bond, J. R.; Nolta, M. R.; Sievers, J.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Brown, B.; Kosowsky, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Chervenak, J.; Moseley, H.; Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, M. J.; Dicker, S. R.; Kaul, M.; Klein, J.; Limon, M.; Marsden, D.; Swetz, D. S.; Thornton, R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Swetz, D. S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dunkley, J.; Hlozek, R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Hernandez-Monteagudo, C.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hilton, M.; Moodley, K.; Warne, R.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Sch Math Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hilton, M.; Moodley, K.] CSIR Campus, Ctr High Performance Comp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Huffenberger, K. M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, D. H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. [Jimenez, R.; Reid, B.; Verde, L.] Univ Barcelona, ICREA, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Jimenez, R.; Reid, B.; Verde, L.] Univ Barcelona, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lau, J. M.; Sehgal, N.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lau, J. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Limon, M.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lin, Y. -T.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Martocci, K.; Switzer, E. R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Partridge, B.] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Thornton, R.] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, H.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wilson, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Fowler, JW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012; Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770 FU ACT; NASA [NNX08AH30G]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSF [AST-0546035, AST-0606975]; FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica; CONICYT; MECESUP; Fundacion Andes; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; South African National Research Foundation (NRF); Meraka Institute via funding for the South African Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC); South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project; RCUK; Rhodes Trust; Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics; World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan FX The ACT project was proposed in 2000 and funded on 2004 January 1. Many have contributed to the project since its inception. We especially thank Asad Aboobaker, Christine Allen, Dominic Benford, Paul Bode, Kristen Burgess, Angelica de Oliveira-Costa, Peter Hargrave, Norm Jarosik, Amber Miller, Carl Reintsema, Felipe Rojas, Uros Seljak, Martin Spergel, Johannes Staghun, Carl Stahle, Max Tegmark, Masao Uehara, Katerina Visnjic, and Ed Wishnow. It is a pleasure to acknowledge Bob Margolis, ACT's project manager. Reed Plimpton and David Jacobson worked at the telescope during the 2008 season. ACT is on the Chajnantor Science preserve, which was made possible by the Chilean Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica. We are grateful for the assistance we received at various times from the ALMA, APEX, ASTE, CBI/QUIET, and NANTEN2 groups. The ATCA team kindly provided the positions of their 20 GHz sources prior to publication. The PWV data come from the public APEX weather Web site. Field operations were based at the Don Esteban facility run by Astro-Norte. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the members of our external advisory board-Tom Herbig (chair), Charles Alcock, Walter Gear, Cliff Jackson, Amy Newbury, and Paul Steinhardt-who helped guide the project to fruition.; This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, and PIRE-0507768. Funding was also provided by Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania. The PIRE program made possible exchanges between Chile, South Africa, Spain, and the US that enabled this research program. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence, and the University of Toronto.; V. A., S. D., A. H., and T. M. were supported through NASA grant NNX08AH30G. A. D. H. received additional support from a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) PGS-D scholarship. A. K. and B. P. were partially supported through NSF AST-0546035 and AST-0606975, respectively, for work on ACT. H. Q. and L. I. acknowledge partial support from FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica. R. D. was supported by CONICYT, MECESUP, and Fundacion Andes. E. S. acknowledges support by NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics. K. M., M. H., and R. W. received financial support from the South African National Research Foundation (NRF), the Meraka Institute via funding for the South African Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC), and the South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project. J.D. received support from an RCUK Fellowship. R. H. received funding from the Rhodes Trust. S. D. acknowledges support from the Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics. Y.T.L. acknowledges support from the World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan. The data will be made public through LAMBDA (http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/) and the ACTWeb site (http://www.physics.princeton.edu/act/). NR 72 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 722 IS 2 BP 1148 EP 1161 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1148 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LK UT WOS:000284075400014 ER PT J AU Nanda, H Datta, SAK Heinrich, F Losche, M Rein, A Krueger, S Curtis, JE AF Nanda, Hirsh Datta, Siddhartha A. K. Heinrich, Frank Loesche, Mathias Rein, Alan Krueger, Susan Curtis, Joseph E. TI Electrostatic Interactions and Binding Orientation of HIV-1 Matrix Studied by Neutron Reflectivity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; ROUS-SARCOMA-VIRUS; VIRAL LIFE-CYCLE; TYPE-1 MATRIX; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PROTEIN; GAG; DOMAIN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-(4,5)-BISPHOSPHATE AB The N-terminal matrix (MA) domain of the HIV-1 Gag protein is responsible for binding to the plasma membrane of host cells during viral assembly. The putative membrane-binding interface of MA was previously mapped by means of mutagenesis and analysis of its trimeric crystal structure. However, the orientation of MA on membranes has not been directly determined by experimental measurements. We present neutron reflectivity measurements that resolve the one-dimensional scattering length density profile of MA bound to a biomimetic of the native viral membrane. A molecular refinement procedure was developed using atomic structures of MA to determine the orientation of the protein on the membrane. The orientation defines a lipid-binding interface consistent with previous mutagenesis results. The MA protein maintains this orientation without the presence of a myristate group, driven only by electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, MA is found to penetrate the membrane headgroup region peripherally such that only the side chains of specific Lys and Arg residues interact with the surface. The results suggest that electrostatic interactions are sufficient to favorably orient MA on viral membrane mimics. The spatial determination of the membrane-bound protein demonstrates the ability of neutron reflectivity to discern orientation and penetration under physiologically relevant conditions. C1 [Nanda, Hirsh; Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias; Krueger, Susan; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Datta, Siddhartha A. K.; Rein, Alan] NCI, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Biol Phys Grp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Nanda, H (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hirsh.nanda@nist.gov RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013; OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; Datta, Siddhartha/0000-0002-4098-7490 FU U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB8H8009]; National Institutes of Health [NIH; 1P01 AG032131]; American Health Assistance Foundation [A2008-307]; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce through the MSE program (70NANB8H8009), the National Institutes of Health (NIH; 1P01 AG032131), and the American Health Assistance Foundation (A2008-307). It was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH. This study utilized the high-performance computational capabilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the NIH, Bethesda, MD (http://biowulf.nih.gov). NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 8 BP 2516 EP 2524 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.062 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 670HT UT WOS:000283412500018 PM 20959092 ER PT J AU Parekh, SH Lee, YJ Aamer, KA Cicerone, MT AF Parekh, Sapun H. Lee, Young Jong Aamer, Khaled A. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Label-Free Cellular Imaging by Broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX CARS MICROSCOPY; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; LIPID DROPLETS; IN-VIVO; BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES; PROTEIN DISTRIBUTION; LIVING CELL; SPECTROSCOPY; TISSUE AB Raman microspectroscopy can provide the chemical contrast needed to characterize the complex intracellular environment and macromolecular organization in cells without exogenous labels. It has shown a remarkable ability to detect chemical changes underlying cell differentiation and pathology-related chemical changes in tissues but has not been widely adopted for imaging, largely due to low signal levels. Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (B-CARS) offers the same inherent chemical contrast as spontaneous Raman but with increased acquisition rates. To date, however, only spectrally resolved signals from the strong CH-related vibrations have been used for CARS imaging. Here, we obtain Raman spectral images of single cells with a spectral range of 600-3200 cm(-1), including signatures from weakly scattering modes as well as CH vibrations. We also show that B-CARS imaging can be used to measure spectral signatures of individual cells at least fivefold faster than spontaneous Raman microspectroscopy and can be used to generate maps of biochemical species in cells. This improved spectral range and signal intensity opens the door for more widespread use of vibrational spectroscopic imaging in biology and clinical diagnostics. C1 [Parekh, Sapun H.; Lee, Young Jong; Aamer, Khaled A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001 FU National Research Council NIST; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [P41EB001046] FX S.H.P. is supported by a National Research Council NIST Postdoctoral Fellowship, and K.A.A. is supported by award No. P41EB001046 from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. NR 51 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 37 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 8 BP 2695 EP 2704 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.009 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 670HT UT WOS:000283412500037 PM 20959111 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Wu, H Yildirim, T AF Zhou, Wei Wu, Hui Yildirim, Taner TI Structural stability and elastic properties of prototypical covalent organic frameworks SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; CRYSTALLINE AB We report the first investigation of the structural stabilities and elastic properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new class of porous crystalline materials. Representative 2D COFs were found to prefer shifted AA stacking, somewhat similar to graphite. The shear moduli of 2D COFs are exceedingly small, suggesting that the layer-layer coupling in 2D COFs is rather weak, and stacking faults may widely exist. Representative 3D COFs were found to exhibit relatively low elastic stiffness overall. In particular, COF-108, the least dense crystal known, exhibits rather low bulk and shear moduli. Our findings provide important structural and physical details to be considered in the further development of COF materials. (c) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui; Yildirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU US Department of Energy through BES FX This work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (T. Y.). NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 499 IS 1-3 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.09.032 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 661BT UT WOS:000282698700021 ER PT J AU Becerra, FE Willis, RT Rolston, SL Carmichael, HJ Orozco, LA AF Becerra, F. E. Willis, R. T. Rolston, S. L. Carmichael, H. J. Orozco, L. A. TI Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor: Transient regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; OPTICAL CAVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERFLUORESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; SYSTEM; STATES AB We investigate the transient response of the generated light from four-wave mixing (FWM) in the diamond configuration using a step-down field excitation. The transients show fast decay times and oscillations that depend on the detunings and intensities of the fields. A simplified model taking into account the thermal motion of the atoms, propagation, absorption, and dispersion effects shows qualitative agreement with the experimental observations with the energy levels in rubidium (5S(1/2), 5P(1/2), 5P(3/2), and 6S(1/2)). The atomic polarization comes from all the contributions of different velocity classes of atoms in the ensemble modifying dramatically the total transient behavior of the light from FWM. C1 [Becerra, F. E.; Willis, R. T.; Rolston, S. L.; Carmichael, H. J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.; Willis, R. T.; Rolston, S. L.; Carmichael, H. J.; Orozco, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.] CINVESTAV, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. [Carmichael, H. J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Becerra, FE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU National Science Foundation; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; Royal Society of New Zealand FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, and the Marsden fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 043833 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.043833 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 667TC UT WOS:000283215600021 ER PT J AU Bendersky, LA Burton, B Wang, K AF Bendersky, L. A. Burton, B. Wang, K. TI Transmission electron microscopy and first-principles calculations of hydrogen ordering in beta-YH2+x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSITIONS; SWITCHABLE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; LANTHANUM HYDRIDE FILMS; RARE-EARTH HYDRIDES; WAVE BASIS-SET; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; YTTRIUM; SYSTEM AB In YH2+x hydrides stoichiometric deviations are associated with various interesting phenomena such as magnetic transitions and metal-insulator transitions; ordering of hydrogen on the octahedral sites (O sites) was suggested to be responsible. Long-range order was discovered in hydrogenated Y films by electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Ordering on interstitial O sites in the fcc-based YfccH2+x solid solution (0 < x < 1) was investigated with computational tools from the Alloy Theoretic Automated Toolkit. The resulting set of 94 structure energies was fit to a cluster-expansion Hamiltonian that was used to perform a ground-state analysis for the mostly metastable fcc-based solid solution and for the more stable YfccH2+x+YhcpH2+x two-phase mixture. The calculated structures were tested by the observed diffraction conditions and two possible ordered structures were suggested, a ground-state triclinic x=0.0625 and an I-centered cubic x=0.375. C1 [Bendersky, L. A.; Burton, B.; Wang, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Wang, Ke/C-8021-2011 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144111 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 667UI UT WOS:000283220100008 ER PT J AU Bogdan, TJ Onsager, TG AF Bogdan, Thomas J. Onsager, Terrance G. TI New Space Weather Activities in the World Meteorological Organization SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bogdan, Thomas J.] NOAA, SWPC, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Bogdan, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, SWPC, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM terry.onsager@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT 20 PY 2010 VL 8 AR S10004 DI 10.1029/2010SW000626 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 671YS UT WOS:000283550800003 ER PT J AU Millan, RM Yando, KB Green, JC Ukhorskiy, AY AF Millan, R. M. Yando, K. B. Green, J. C. Ukhorskiy, A. Y. TI Spatial distribution of relativistic electron precipitation during a radiation belt depletion event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOSSES; ACCELERATION; TRANSPORT AB We present observations from the NOAA-15 MEPED telescopes during a radiation belt depletion event on January 19-20, 2000 to investigate the spatial extent of electron precipitation during this interval. Precipitation mapped to the equatorial plane was confined to radial distances less than similar to 6.5 Earth radii, indicating that precipitation was not the direct cause of the decrease in trapped flux observed by GOES. We found an enhanced day-night magnetic field asymmetry during the event, suggesting that magnetopause losses may have been responsible. Precipitation at lower L-values was observed by POES on the dusk passes (18:30-21:00 MLT), but not on the dawn passes, and was observed in conjugate hemispheres. These observations suggest that both precipitation and magnetopause losses were acting during this flux depletion event. Citation: Millan, R. M., K. B. Yando, J. C. Green, and A. Y. Ukhorskiy (2010), Spatial distribution of relativistic electron precipitation during a radiation belt depletion event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20103, doi:10.1029/2010GL044919. C1 [Millan, R. M.; Yando, K. B.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Green, J. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ukhorskiy, A. Y.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Millan, RM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM robyn.millan@dartmouth.edu; janet.green@noaa.gov; ukhoray@jhuapl.edu RI Ukhorskiy, Aleksandr/E-6429-2016 OI Ukhorskiy, Aleksandr/0000-0002-3326-4024 FU NSF [ATM-0457561, ATM-0540121] FX This work was supported by NSF ATM-0457561 and NSF ATM-0540121. POES data were provided by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L20103 DI 10.1029/2010GL044919 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 671WU UT WOS:000283545100004 ER PT J AU Tarasick, DW Jin, JJ Fioletov, VE Liu, G Thompson, AM Oltmans, SJ Liu, J Sioris, CE Liu, X Cooper, OR Dann, T Thouret, V AF Tarasick, D. W. Jin, J. J. Fioletov, V. E. Liu, G. Thompson, A. M. Oltmans, S. J. Liu, J. Sioris, C. E. Liu, X. Cooper, O. R. Dann, T. Thouret, V. TI High-resolution tropospheric ozone fields for INTEX and ARCTAS from IONS ozonesondes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; TRAJECTORIES; TRANSPORT; MODEL; CLIMATOLOGY; VALIDATION; ACCURACY; TRENDS; CANADA AB The IONS-04, IONS-06, and ARC-IONS ozone sounding campaigns over North America in 2004, 2006, and 2008 obtained approximately 1400 profiles, in five series of coordinated and closely spaced (typically daily) launches. Although this coverage is unprecedented, it is still somewhat sparse in its geographical spacing. Here we use forward and back trajectory calculations for each sounding to map ozone measurements to a number of other locations and so to fill in the spatial domain. This is possible because the lifetime of ozone in the troposphere is of the order of weeks. The trajectory-mapped ozone values show reasonable agreement, where they overlap, to the actual soundings, and the patterns produced separately by forward and backward trajectory calculations are similar. Comparisons with MOZAIC profiles and surface station data show generally good agreement. A variable-length smoothing algorithm is used to fill data gaps: for each point on the map, the smoothing radius is such that a minimum of 10 data points are included in the average. The total tropospheric ozone column maps calculated by integrating the smoothed fields agree well with similar maps derived from TOMS and OMI/MLS measurements. The resulting three-dimensional picture of the tropospheric ozone field for the INTEX and ARCTAS periods facilitates visualization and comparison of different years and seasons and will be useful to other researchers. C1 [Tarasick, D. W.; Fioletov, V. E.; Liu, G.; Liu, J.; Sioris, C. E.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Jin, J. J.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liu, X.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Liu, X.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dann, T.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Ottawa, ON K1V 1C7, Canada. [Thouret, V.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Tarasick, DW (reprint author), Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM david.tarasick@ec.gc.ca RI Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jin, Jianjun/G-8357-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014 OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Fioletov, Vitali/0000-0002-2731-5956; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X FU Environment Canada; NOAA; NASA; U.S. EPA; Max Plank Institute for Chemistry, Mainz; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Valparaiso University; University of Rhode Island; California Department of Energy; California Air Resources Board; ExxonMobil Canada; European Commission; INSU-CNRS (France); Meteo-France; Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany); ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS); Airbus; Lufthansa airlines; Austrian airlines; Air France airlines FX We thank the many observers who obtained the measurements at the sites used in this study. Their careful work is gratefully acknowledged. We thank J. Witte, who archived all of the IONS data in near-real time. We also thank J. Davies, R. Mittermeier, and T. Mathews for assistance with data processing. Data were obtained from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Center (WOUDC) operated by Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization. Funding of the IONS ozonesondes was provided by Environment Canada; NOAA; NASA; U.S. EPA; Max Plank Institute for Chemistry, Mainz; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Valparaiso University; the University of Rhode Island; the California Department of Energy; the California Air Resources Board; and the Friends of the Green Horse Society via a grant from ExxonMobil Canada. The authors also acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry and maintain the MOZAIC equipment free of charge since 1994. MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, and Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany). The MOZAIC data base is supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS). NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D20301 DI 10.1029/2009JD012918 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 671XA UT WOS:000283545900001 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Parekh, SH Fagan, JA Cicerone, MT AF Lee, Young Jong Parekh, Sapun H. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Phonon dephasing and population decay dynamics of the G-band of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; LIQUIDS AB The dephasing and population decay dynamics of optical phonons are studied for semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using broadband time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and time-resolved incoherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. By simply adjusting the spectral bandwidth of a continuum pulse, we are able to directly measure both the total dephasing time, T(2), and the population decay time, T(1), of the G-band sequentially in the same sample, which allows for one to exclude artifacts due to comparison of dynamics values measured with different sample conditions and different measurement schemes. The values of T(1) and T(2)/2 are presented for two different SWCNT samples: bundles in a film on glass and a dispersion in water. While the measured T(1) values are similar for the two samples, the pure dephasing times, T*(2)/2, determined from the T(2)/2 and T(1) measurements are faster in bundled SWCNTs than in isolated dispersion. This suggests that neighboring tubes in the film perturbs the vibrational mode more strongly than surrounding surfactants and that the pure dephasing dynamics is more sensitive to the perturbation. C1 [Lee, Young Jong; Parekh, Sapun H.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yjlee@nist.gov; cicerone@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU National Research Council; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NRC/NIST) FX The authors thank Lee Richter and John Stephenson for valuable discussion. S.H.P. was supported by a National Research Council and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NRC/NIST). NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 19 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 16 AR 165432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.165432 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 666ML UT WOS:000283119400009 ER PT J AU Malkova, N Bryant, GW AF Malkova, Natalia Bryant, Garnett W. TI Negative-band-gap quantum dots: Gap collapse, intrinsic surface states, excitonic response, and excitonic insulator phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; EXCHANGE INTERACTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERFACE STATES; SUPER-LATTICE; HGTE; CDTE; SILICON; HGSE; CONSTANTS AB The spectrum of quantum dots made from semiconductors such as HgTe and HgS changes from negative gap to positive gap with decreasing size. Furthermore, intrinsic surface states, which are not related to dangling bonds, appear in the negative-gap regime. We investigate theoretically the evolution of the spectrum of HgS quantum dots with decreasing size and show how states evolve from a negative gap to a positive gap as confinement is increased. The lowest confined electron level evolves into an intrinsic surface state with increasing size and, thus, is not derived directly from a bulk HgS band. Due to strong band mixing in narrow-gap semiconductors, spacing between confined levels decreases more slowly with increasing size than for quantum dots made from wide-gap semiconductors. Moreover, dielectric screening becomes nearly metallic as the gap closes. As a consequence, confinement energies dominate exciton binding energies for all dot sizes up to the gap closure. Excitons remain in the strong confinement limit as size increases until the gap closes. Nonetheless, the exciton binding exceeds the single-particle gap for sizes near gap closure, opening up the possibility of an excitonic insulator phase in quantum dots not possible in positive-gap quantum dots. Signatures in the quantum-dot optical response for gap collapse and surface states are identified. C1 [Malkova, Natalia] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Malkova, N (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nmalkova@nist.gov NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 18 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 15 AR 155314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.155314 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 665QF UT WOS:000283049800007 ER PT J AU Windsor, E Najarro, M Bloom, A Benner, B Fletcher, R Lareau, R Gillen, G AF Windsor, Eric Najarro, Marcela Bloom, Anna Benner, Bruce, Jr. Fletcher, Robert Lareau, Richard Gillen, Greg TI Application of Inkjet Printing Technology to Produce Test Materials of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5 Triazcyclohexane for Trace Explosive Analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The feasibility of the use of piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printing to prepare test materials for trace explosive analysis is demonstrated. RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5 triazcyclohexane) was formulated into inkjet printable solutions and jetted onto substrates suitable for calibration of the ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) instruments currently deployed worldwide for contraband screening. Gravimetric analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy were used to verify inkjet printer solution concentrations and the quantity of explosive dispensed onto test materials. Reproducibility of the inkjet printing process for mass deposition of the explosive RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5 triazcyclohexane) was determined to be better than 2% for a single day of printing and better than 3% day-to-day. C1 [Windsor, Eric; Najarro, Marcela; Bloom, Anna; Benner, Bruce, Jr.; Fletcher, Robert; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lareau, Richard] Dept Homeland Secur, Transportat Secur Lab, Sci & Technol Directorate, Atlantic City, NJ USA. RP Windsor, E (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.windsor@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) FX Funding for this work was supplied by the Science and Technology Directorate of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) through an interagency agreement. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 20 BP 8519 EP 8524 DI 10.1021/ac101439r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 663BX UT WOS:000282859100023 PM 20873797 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Zhang, JZ AF Huang, Xiao-Lan Zhang, Jia-Zhong TI Spatial Variation in Sediment-Water Exchange of Phosphorus in Florida Bay: AMP As a Model Organic Compound SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; NATURAL-WATERS; SOILS; EUTROPHICATION; ADSORPTION; CHRONOSEQUENCE; TEMPERATURE; LIMITATION; ESTUARIES AB Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) has been recognized as dominant components in total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) pools in many coastal waters, and its exchange between sediment and water is an important process in biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) was employed as a model DOP compound to simulate phosphorus exchange across sediment-water interface in Florida Bay. The sorption data from 40 stations were fitted to a modified Freundlich equation and provided a detailed spatial distribution both of the sediment's zero equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPC(0-T)) and of the distribution coefficient (K(d-T)) with respect to TDP. The K(d-T) was found to be a function of the index of phosphorus saturation (IPS), a molar ratio of the surface reactive phosphorus to the surface reactive iron oxide content in the sediment, across the entire bay. However, the EPC(0-T) was found to correlate to the contents of phosphorus in the eastern bay only. Sediment in the western bay might act as a source of the phosphorus in the exchange process due to their high EPC(0-T) and low K(d-T), whereas sediments in the eastern bay might act as a sink because of their low EPC(0-T) and high K(d-T). These results strongly support the hypothesis that both phosphorus and iron species in calcareous marine sediments play a critical role in governing the sediment-water exchange of both phosphate and DOP in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems. C1 [Huang, Xiao-Lan; Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Huang, Xiao-Lan] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM xiaolan.huang@ymail.com RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Huang, XiaoLan/G-6306-2012; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/E-9159-2010 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/0000-0002-3330-4858 FU NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, South Florida; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA67RJ0149] FX Financial support for this study was provided by NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, South Florida Program to J.Z.Z. This research was carried out, in part, under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a joint institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA67RJ0149. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 20 BP 7790 EP 7795 DI 10.1021/es100057r PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661KP UT WOS:000282727500012 PM 20866067 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Borsuk, ME AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Borsuk, Mark E. TI Improving Water Quality Assessments through a Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis of Variability SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TMDL DEVELOPMENT; STANDARDS; MODELS; IMPLEMENTATION; UNCERTAINTY; VIOLATIONS; CONFIDENCE; COLIFORMS; FREQUENCY AB Water quality measurement error and variability, while well-documented in laboratory-scale studies, is rarely acknowledged or explicitly resolved in most model-based water body assessments, including those conducted in compliance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program. Consequently, proposed pollutant loading reductions in TMDLs and similar water quality management programs may be biased, resulting in either slower-than-expected rates of water quality restoration and designated use reinstatement or, in some cases, overly conservative management decisions. To address this problem, we present a hierarchical Bayesian approach for relating actual in situ or model-predicted pollutant concentrations to multiple sampling and analysis procedures, each with distinct sources of variability. We apply this method to recently approved TMDLs to investigate whether appropriate accounting for measurement error and variability will lead to different management decisions. We find that required pollutant loading reductions may in fact vary depending not only on how measurement variability is addressed but also on which water quality analysis procedure is used to assess standard compliance. As a general strategy, our Bayesian approach to quantifying variability may represent an alternative to the common practice of addressing all forms of uncertainty through an arbitrary margin of safety (MOS). C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Borsuk, Mark E.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012; OI Borsuk, Mark/0000-0002-5121-1110; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through Office of Research and Development FX The authors thank Jeffrey Chanat of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ) and Daniel Powell of the Virginia Department of Health (Shellfish Sanitation Division) for providing valuable guidance on Virginia's water quality monitoring programs and for sharing their water quality monitoring data. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. This paper is GLERL contribution No. 1575. The comments of three anonymous reviewers helped improve the technical quality of this paper. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 20 BP 7858 EP 7864 DI 10.1021/es100657p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661KP UT WOS:000282727500023 PM 20853866 ER PT J AU Christensen, K Roginsky, A Jimeno, M AF Christensen, Ken Roginsky, Allen Jimeno, Miguel TI A new analysis of the false positive rate of a Bloom filter SO INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Data structures; Analysis of algorithms; Bloom filters AB A Bloom filter is a space-efficient data structure used for probabilistic set membership testing. When testing an object for set membership, a Bloom filter may give a false positive. The analysis of the false positive rate is a key to understanding the Bloom filter and applications that use it. We show experimentally that the classic analysis for false positive rate is wrong. We formally derive a correct formula using a balls-and-bins model and show how to numerically compute the new, correct formula in a stable manner. We also prove that the new formula always results in a predicted greater false positive rate than the classic formula. This correct formula is numerically compared to the classic formula for relative error - for a small Bloom filter the prediction of false positive rate will be in error when the classic formula is used. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Christensen, Ken; Jimeno, Miguel] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Roginsky, Allen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Christensen, K (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave,ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM christen@csee.usf.edu; allen.roginsky@nist.gov; mjimeno@csee.usf.edu FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0520081] FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under CNS-0520081. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0020-0190 EI 1872-6119 J9 INFORM PROCESS LETT JI Inf. Process. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 110 IS 21 BP 944 EP 949 DI 10.1016/j.ipl.2010.07.024 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 651HP UT WOS:000281918900006 ER PT J AU Dessler, AE Davis, SM AF Dessler, A. E. Davis, S. M. TI Trends in tropospheric humidity from reanalysis systems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR FEEDBACK; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; RADIOSONDE; PINATUBO; MODEL AB A recent paper (Paltridge et al., 2009) found that specific humidity in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis declined between 1973 and 2007, particularly in the tropical mid and upper troposphere, the region that plays the key role in the water vapor feedback. If borne out, this result suggests potential problems in the consensus view of a positive water vapor feedback. Here we consider whether this result holds in other reanalyses and what time scale of climate fluctuation is associated with the negative specific humidity trends. The five reanalyses analyzed here (the older NCEP/NCAR and ERA40 reanalyses and the more modern Japanese Reanalysis (JRA), Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)-interim reanalyses) unanimously agree that specific humidity generally increases in response to short-term climate variations (e. g., El Nino). In response to decadal climate fluctuations, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis is unique in showing decreases in tropical mid and upper tropospheric specific humidity as the climate warms. All of the other reanalyses show that decadal warming is accompanied by increases in mid and upper tropospheric specific humidity. We conclude from this that it is doubtful that these negative long-term specific humidity trends in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis are realistic for several reasons. First, the newer reanalyses include improvements specifically designed to increase the fidelity of long-term trends in their parameters, so the positive trends found there should be more reliable than in the older reanalyses. Second, all of the reanalyses except the NCEP/NCAR assimilate satellite radiances rather than being solely dependent on radiosonde humidity measurements to constrain upper tropospheric humidity. Third, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis exhibits a large bias in tropical upper tropospheric specific humidity. And finally, we point out that there exists no theoretical support for having a positive short-term water vapor feedback and a negative long-term one. C1 [Dessler, A. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Davis, S. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dessler, AE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM adessler@tamu.edu RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012 OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820 FU NASA [NNX08AR27G]; NOAA; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX08AR27G to Texas A&M University, as well as the NOAA Atmospheric composition and climate program. MERRA data were obtained from the NASA GES DISC. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov. ERA-40 and ECMWF interim reanalysis data were obtained from the ECMWF website (http://data.ecmwf.int/data). The JRA data are from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). AIRS data in Figure 3 were obtained from the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D19127 DI 10.1029/2010JD014192 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666BU UT WOS:000283084800006 ER PT J AU Fuller-Rowell, T Wu, F Akmaev, R Fang, TW Araujo-Pradere, E AF Fuller-Rowell, Tim Wu, Fei Akmaev, Rashid Fang, Tzu-Wei Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo TI A whole atmosphere model simulation of the impact of a sudden stratospheric warming on thermosphere dynamics and electrodynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TIDES; MIDDLE; DRIFTS; WINTER AB A Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) has been used to explore the possible physical connection between a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) and the dynamics and electrodynamics of the lower thermosphere. WAM produces SSWs naturally without the need for external forcing. The classical signatures of an SSW appear in the model with a warming of the winter polar stratosphere, a reversal of the temperature gradient, and a breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex. Substantial changes in the amplitude of stationary planetary wave numbers 1, 2, and 3 occur as the zonal mean zonal wind evolves. The simulations also show a cooling in the mesosphere and a warming in the lower thermosphere consistent with observations. The magnitude of this particular SSW is modest, belonging to the category of minor warming. In the lower thermosphere the amplitude of diurnal, semidiurnal, and terdiurnal, eastward and westward propagating tidal modes change substantially during the event. Since the magnitude of the warming is minor and the tidal interactions with the mean flow and planetary waves are complex, the one-to-one correspondence between tidal amplitudes in the lower thermosphere and the zonal mean and stationary waves in the stratosphere is not entirely obvious. The increase in the magnitude of the terdiurnal tide (TW3) in the lower thermosphere has the clearest correlation with the SSW, although the timing appears delayed by about three days. The fast group velocity of the long vertical wavelength TW3 tide would suggest a faster onset for the direct propagation of the tide from the lower atmosphere. It is possible that changes in the magnitude of the diurnal and semidiurnal tides, with their slower vertical propagation, may interact in the lower thermosphere to introduce a terdiurnal tide with a longer delay. An increase in TW3 in the lower thermosphere would be expected to alter the local time variation of the electrodynamic response. The day-to-day changes in the lower thermosphere winds from WAM are shown to introduce variability in the magnitude of dayside low latitude electric fields, with a tendency during the warming for the dayside vertical drift to be larger and occur earlier, and for the afternoon minimum to be smaller. The numerical simulations suggest that it is quite feasible that a major SSW, with a magnitude seen in January 2009, could cause large changes in lower thermosphere electrodynamics and hence in total electron content. C1 [Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Wu, Fei; Fang, Tzu-Wei; Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Akmaev, Rashid] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fuller-Rowell, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov RI Fang, Tzu-Wei/I-4882-2013 FU NASA; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) FX This work has been supported in part by the NASA Heliophysics Theory programs as well as the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) program. NR 40 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00G08 DI 10.1029/2010JA015524 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 666EW UT WOS:000283097100005 ER PT J AU Schmied, R Leibfried, D Spreeuw, RJC Whitlock, S AF Schmied, Roman Leibfried, Dietrich Spreeuw, Robert J. C. Whitlock, Shannon TI Optimized magnetic lattices for ultracold atomic ensembles SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; OPTICAL LATTICES; RYDBERG BLOCKADE; TRAPS; GASES; PHYSICS; ION AB We introduce a general method for designing tailored lattices of magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms on the basis of patterned permanently magnetized films. A fast numerical algorithm is used to automatically generate patterns that provide optimal atom confinement while respecting desired lattice symmetries and trap parameters. The algorithm can produce finite and infinite lattices of any plane symmetry; we focus specifically on square and triangular lattices, which are of interest for future experiments. Typical trap parameters, as well as the impact of realistic imperfections such as finite lithographic resolution and magnetic inhomogeneity, are discussed. The designer lattices presented open new avenues for quantum simulation and quantum information processing with ultracold atoms on atom chips. C1 [Schmied, Roman] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany. [Leibfried, Dietrich] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Spreeuw, Robert J. C.; Whitlock, Shannon] Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Schmied, R (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. EM Roman.Schmied@unibas.ch; whitlock@physi.uni-heidelberg.de RI Whitlock, Shannon/B-3312-2010; Spreeuw, Robert/B-7571-2008; OI Spreeuw, Robert/0000-0002-2631-5698; Schmied, Roman/0000-0001-5713-5262 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Forschungsgruppe 635]; European Union (ACUTE); DARPA; NSA; ONR; IARPA; Sandia National Labs; NIST; Marie-Curie fellowship [PIIF-GA-2008-220794]; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM); Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) FX We thank C F Ockeloen for initiating the calculations about loading the lattice microtraps. R Schmied was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Forschungsgruppe 635) and the European Union (ACUTE). D Leibfried was supported by DARPA, NSA, ONR, IARPA, Sandia National Labs and the NIST Quantum Information Program. S Whitlock acknowledges support from a Marie-Curie fellowship (PIIF-GA-2008-220794). S Whitlock and R J C Spreeuw acknowledge funding from the Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), which is financially supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO). NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 103029 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/10/103029 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 687HE UT WOS:000284768800004 ER PT J AU Msadek, R Dixon, KW Delworth, TL Hurlin, W AF Msadek, R. Dixon, K. W. Delworth, T. L. Hurlin, W. TI Assessing the predictability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and associated fingerprints SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; ENSEMBLE AB The North Atlantic is among the few places where decadal climate variations are considered potentially predictable. The physical mechanisms of the decadal variability are hypothesized to be associated with fluctuations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Perfect model predictability experiments using the GFDL CM2.1 climate model are analyzed to investigate the potential predictability of the AMOC. Results indicate that the AMOC is predictable up to 20 years. We further connect AMOC predictability to readily observable fields. We show that modeled surface and subsurface signatures of AMOC variations defined by characteristic patterns of sea surface height, subsurface temperature, and upper ocean heat content anomalies, have a potential predictability similar to the AMOC's. Since we have longer observational records for these quantities than for direct measurements of the AMOC, our study highlights a potentially new promising method for monitoring AMOC variations, and hence assessing the predictability of the real climate system. Citation: Msadek, R., K. W. Dixon, T. L. Delworth, and W. Hurlin (2010), Assessing the predictability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and associated fingerprints, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L19608, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044517. C1 [Msadek, R.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Msadek, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rym.msadek@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015 OI Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX R. Msadek is supported by a grant from the NOAA Climate Program Office administered by the Visiting Scientist Program of Princeton University and NOAA/GFDL. We thank Stephen M. Griffies, Rong Zhang and three anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 15 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L19608 DI 10.1029/2010GL044517 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 666AE UT WOS:000283078600002 ER PT J AU Metzl, N Corbiere, A Reverdin, G Lenton, A Takahashi, T Olsen, A Johannessen, T Pierrot, D Wanninkhof, R Olafsdottir, SR Olafsson, J Ramonet, M AF Metzl, Nicolas Corbiere, Antoine Reverdin, Gilles Lenton, Andrew Takahashi, Taro Olsen, Are Johannessen, Truls Pierrot, Denis Wanninkhof, Rik Olafsdottir, Solveig R. Olafsson, Jon Ramonet, Michel TI Recent acceleration of the sea surface fCO(2) growth rate in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (1993-2008) revealed by winter observations SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBONIC-ACID; INORGANIC CARBON; OCEAN; SINK; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; INCREASE AB Recent studies based on ocean and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) observations, suggesting that the ocean carbon uptake has been reduced, may help explain the increase in the fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions that remain in the atmosphere. Is it a response to climate change or a signal of ocean natural variability or both? Regional process analyses are needed to follow the ocean carbon uptake and to enable better attributions of the observed changes. Here, we describe the evolution of the surface ocean CO2 fugacity (fCO(2)(oc)) over the period 1993-2008 in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASPG). This analysis is based primarily on observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) conducted at different seasons in the NASPG between Iceland and Canada. The fCO(2)(oc) trends based on DIC and TA data are also compared with direct fCO(2) measurements obtained between 2003 and 2007 in the same region. During winters 1993-2003, the fCO(2)(oc) growth rate was 3.7 (+/-0.6) mu atm yr(-1), higher than in the atmosphere, 1.8 (+/-0.1) mu atm yr(-1). This translates to a reduction of the ocean carbon uptake primarily explained by sea surface warming, up to 0.24 (+/-0.04) C yr(-1). This warming is a consequence of advection of warm water northward from the North Atlantic into the Irminger basin, which occurred as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index moved into a negative phase in winter 1995/1996. In winter 2001-2008, the fCO(2)(oc) rise was particularly fast, between 5.8 (+/-1.1) and 7.2 (+/-1.3) mu atm yr(-1) depending on the region, more than twice the atmospheric growth rate of 2.1 (+/-0.2) mu atm yr(-1), and in the winter of 2007-2008 the area was supersaturated with CO2. As opposed to the 1990s, this appears to be almost entirely due to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, the combination of increasing DIC and decreasing of TA. The rapid fCO(2)(oc) increase was not only driven by regional uptake of anthropogenic CO2 but was also likely controlled by a recent increase in convective processes-vertical mixing in the NASPG and cannot be directly associated with NAO variability. The fCO(2)(oc) increase observed in 2001-2008 leads to a significant drop in pH of -0.069 (+/-0.007) decade(-1). C1 [Metzl, Nicolas; Corbiere, Antoine; Reverdin, Gilles; Lenton, Andrew] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Oceanog & Climat Expt & Approches Numer, F-75252 Paris, France. [Takahashi, Taro] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Olsen, Are] UNI Res, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, Are] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Johannessen, Truls] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Johannessen, Truls] Univ Bergen, UNIFOB AS, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Pierrot, Denis] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Olafsdottir, Solveig R.; Olafsson, Jon] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Olafsson, Jon] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Ramonet, Michel] UVSQ, CNRS CEA, IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Metzl, N (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Oceanog & Climat Expt & Approches Numer, Case 100,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. EM nicolas.metzl@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr; antoinecorbiere@aol.fr; gilles.reverdin@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr; taka@ldeo.columbia.edu; are.olsen@gfi.uib.no; truls.johannessen@gfi.uib.no; denis.pierrot@noaa.gov; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; solveig@hafro.is; jon@hafro.is; michel.ramonet@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; Pierrot, Denis/A-7459-2014 OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Pierrot, Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825 FU Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); Institut Paul Emile Victor (IPEV) in France; French program LEFE/FlamenCO2; Swedish National Space Board [511176, 96/05]; Norwegian Research Council [185093, 178167] FX The SURATLANT Project is supported by Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU, as contribution of the ORE SSS) and Institut Paul Emile Victor (IPEV) in France. This work is also supported by French program LEFE/FlamenCO2, a component of SOLAS-France. We thank the EIMSKIP Company, the captains and crews of the M/V Skogafoss, M/V Godafoss, M/V Selfoss and M/V Reykjafoss, all the very helpful embarked observers for their cooperation in this work, as well as the captains and crew of the M/V Nuka Arctica of the Royal Arctic Lines. We thank Magnus Danielsen for salinity analysis done at the Marine Research Institute in Reykjavik. We also thank the Service National d'Analyze des Parametres Oceanique du CO2 (SNAPO-CO2) at LOCEAN/IPSL for DIC and TA analysis. Support from the European Integrated Project CARBOOCEAN (511176), RESCUE-II (96/05) of the Swedish National Space Board and CARBON-HEAT (185093) and A-CARB (178167) of the Norwegian Research Council is also appreciated. Underway pCO2 data was collected on the Skogafoss as part of the "pCO2 on ships effort" funded by the Climate Observation Division of the Climate office of NOAA. The authors would like to thank all people working for the SeaWiFS Project (NASA Code 970.2). We also express warms thanks to Galen McKinley and an anonymous reviewer for their positive comments and helpful questions. NR 66 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT 14 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB4004 DI 10.1029/2009GB003658 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666AX UT WOS:000283080700001 ER PT J AU Li, X Hong, KL Liu, Y Shew, CY Liu, E Herwig, KW Smith, GS Zhao, JP Zhang, GZ Pispas, S Chen, WR AF Li, Xin Hong, Kunlun Liu, Yun Shew, Chwen-Yang Liu, Emily Herwig, Kenneth W. Smith, Gregory S. Zhao, Junpeng Zhang, Guangzhao Pispas, Stergios Chen, Wei-Ren TI Water distributions in polystyrene-block-poly[styrene-g-poly(ethylene oxide)] block grafted copolymer system in aqueous solutions revealed by contrast variation small angle neutron scattering study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DODECYL-SULFATE MICELLES; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYSTYRENE; DENDRIMERS; SANS; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOSTRUCTURES; CONFORMATION; COUNTERION AB We develop an experimental approach to analyze the water distribution around a core-shell micelle formed by polystyrene-block-poly[styrene-g-poly(ethylene oxide (PEO)] block copolymers in aqueous media at a fixed polymeric concentration of 10 mg/ml through contrast variation small angle neutron scattering (SANS) study. Through varying the D(2)O/H(2)O ratio, the scattering contributions from the water molecules and the micellar constituent components can be determined. Based on the commonly used core-shell model, a theoretical coherent scattering cross section incorporating the effect of water penetration is developed and used to analyze the SANS I(Q). We have successfully quantified the intramicellar water distribution and found that the overall micellar hydration level increases with the increase in the molecular weight of hydrophilic PEO side chains. Our work presents a practical experimental means for evaluating the intramacromolecular solvent distributions of general soft matter systems. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.343331] C1 [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Xin; Herwig, Kenneth W.; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Xin; Liu, Emily] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Zhao, Junpeng; Zhang, Guangzhao] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Pispas, Stergios] Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hong, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hongkq@ornl.gov; liue@rpi.edu; chenw@ornl.gov RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Li, Xin/K-9646-2013; nhrf, tpci/M-8699-2013; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Li, Xin/0000-0003-0606-434X; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU HFIR ORNL [IPTS-2301]; NCNR NIST; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG07-07ID14889]; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC-38-08-950]; CUNY; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program [05272]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The support of HFIR ORNL (Grant No. IPTS-2301) and NCNR NIST is greatly acknowledged. The research carried out at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. X.L. and E.L. acknowledge the financial support by U.S. Department of Energy under NERI-C Award No. DE-FG07-07ID14889 and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission under Award No. NRC-38-08-950. C.Y.S. thanks the support from the CUNY PSC grants. We also thank the support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (Project ID No. 05272) of ORNL. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 14 AR 144912 DI 10.1063/1.3493331 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 667NN UT WOS:000283200400069 PM 20950046 ER PT J AU Seltzer, SJ Michalak, DJ Donaldson, MH Balabas, MV Barber, SK Bernasek, SL Bouchiat, MA Hexemer, A Hibberd, AM Kimball, DFJ Jaye, C Karaulanov, T Narducci, FA Rangwala, SA Robinson, HG Shmakov, AK Voronov, DL Yashchuk, VV Pines, A Budker, D AF Seltzer, S. J. Michalak, D. J. Donaldson, M. H. Balabas, M. V. Barber, S. K. Bernasek, S. L. Bouchiat, M. -A. Hexemer, A. Hibberd, A. M. Kimball, D. F. Jackson Jaye, C. Karaulanov, T. Narducci, F. A. Rangwala, S. A. Robinson, H. G. Shmakov, A. K. Voronov, D. L. Yashchuk, V. V. Pines, A. Budker, D. TI Investigation of antirelaxation coatings for alkali-metal vapor cells using surface science techniques SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; WALL-COATED CELL; PARAFFIN CRYSTALS; POLARIZED XE-129; NORMAL-ALKANES; MAGNETOMETER; RELAXATION; PHASE; LIGHT; SPECTROSCOPY AB Many technologies based on cells containing alkali-metal atomic vapor benefit from the use of antirelaxation surface coatings in order to preserve atomic spin polarization. In particular, paraffin has been used for this purpose for several decades and has been demonstrated to allow an atom to experience up to 10 000 collisions with the walls of its container without depolarizing, but the details of its operation remain poorly understood. We apply modern surface and bulk techniques to the study of paraffin coatings in order to characterize the properties that enable the effective preservation of alkali spin polarization. These methods include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We also compare the light-induced atomic desorption yields of several different paraffin materials. Experimental results include the determination that crystallinity of the coating material is unnecessary, and the detection of CvC double bonds present within a particular class of effective paraffin coatings. Further study should lead to the development of more robust paraffin antirelaxation coatings, as well as the design and synthesis of new classes of coating materials. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3489922] C1 [Seltzer, S. J.; Michalak, D. J.; Donaldson, M. H.; Pines, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seltzer, S. J.; Michalak, D. J.; Donaldson, M. H.; Pines, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balabas, M. V.] SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Barber, S. K.; Hexemer, A.; Voronov, D. L.; Yashchuk, V. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bernasek, S. L.; Hibberd, A. M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bouchiat, M. -A.] Ecole Normale Super, Dept Phys, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75231 Paris, France. [Kimball, D. F. Jackson] Calif State Univ E Bay, Dept Phys, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Jaye, C.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karaulanov, T.; Shmakov, A. K.; Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Narducci, F. A.] USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Rangwala, S. A.] Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. [Robinson, H. G.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seltzer, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM seltzer@berkeley.edu; budker@berkeley.edu RI Rangwala, Sadiq/E-6899-2012; Balabas, Mikhail/A-5273-2012; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Balabas, Mikhail/0000-0002-5383-7897; Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division and Nuclear Science Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF/DST [PHY-0425916]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001409WX21049] FX The authors thank Daniel Fischer, Kristin Schmidt, and Ed Kramer for assistance with the NEXAFS measurements, and Joel Ager, Joshua Wnuk, David Trease, and Gwendal Kervern for helpful discussions and other assistance. S.J.S., D.J.M., M. H. D., A. P., and D. B., the Advanced Light Source, and the DSC, FTIR, and AFM studies were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division and Nuclear Science Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Other parts of this work were funded by the NSF/DST under Grant No. PHY-0425916 for U.S.-India cooperative research, by an Office of Naval Research (ONR) MURI grant, and by ONR under Grant No. N0001409WX21049. NR 81 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 14 AR 144703 DI 10.1063/1.3489922 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 667NN UT WOS:000283200400049 PM 20950026 ER PT J AU Meyer, ER Bohn, JL AF Meyer, Edmund R. Bohn, John L. TI Product-state control of bi-alkali-metal chemical reactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GROUND ELECTRONIC-STATE; POLAR-MOLECULES; ANGSTROM AB We consider ultracold, chemically reactive scattering collisions of the diatomic molecules KRb. When two such molecules collide in an ultracold gas, we find that they are energetically forbidden from reacting to form the trimer species K(2)Rb or Rb(2)K, and hence can only react via the bond-swapping reaction 2 KRb -> K(2) + Rb(2). Moreover, the tiny energy released in this reaction can in principle be set to zero by applying electric or microwave fields, implying a means of controlling the available reaction channels in a chemical reaction. C1 [Meyer, Edmund R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Meyer, ER (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM meyere@murphy.colorado.edu FU NSF FX The authors acknowledge useful discussions with G. Quemener and C. H. Greene, as well as funding from the NSF. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 14 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 042707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.042707 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 664CP UT WOS:000282936800004 ER PT J AU Tassel, C Kang, J Lee, C Hernandez, O Qiu, Y Paulus, W Collet, E Lake, B Guidi, T Whangbo, MH Ritter, C Kageyama, H Lee, SH AF Tassel, C. Kang, J. Lee, C. Hernandez, O. Qiu, Y. Paulus, W. Collet, E. Lake, B. Guidi, T. Whangbo, M-H Ritter, C. Kageyama, H. Lee, S-H TI Ferromagnetically Coupled Shastry-Sutherland Quantum Spin Singlets in (CuCl)LaNb2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRUSTRATED SQUARE-LATTICE; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CL AB A thorough crystal structure determination at very low temperature of (CuCl)LaNb2O7, originally proposed as a spin-1/2 square-lattice antiferromagnet, is reported thanks to the use of single-crystal x-ray diffraction and powder neutron diffraction. State-of-the-art calculations (maximum entropy method) reveal that (CuCl)LaNb2O7 is orthorhombic with Pbam symmetry. First-principles calculations demonstrate that the dominant magnetic interactions are antiferromagnetic between fourth nearest neighbors with a Cu-Cl-Cl-Cu exchange path, which lead to the formation of spin singlets. The two strongest interactions between the singlets are ferromagnetic, which makes (CuCl)LaNb2O7 the first system of ferromagnetically coupled Shastry-Sutherland quantum spin singlets. C1 [Tassel, C.; Kageyama, H.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Kang, J.; Lee, C.; Whangbo, M-H] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hernandez, O.; Paulus, W.] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Sci Chim Rennes UMR 6226, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Qiu, Y.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Collet, E.] Univ Rennes 1, Inst Phys Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Lake, B.; Guidi, T.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Lake, B.] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Guidi, T.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ritter, C.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Lee, S-H] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Tassel, C (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. RI Kageyama, Hiroshi/A-4602-2010; Tassel, Cedric/L-5051-2014; Collet, Eric/N-8816-2013; OI Collet, Eric/0000-0003-0810-7411; Lake, Bella/0000-0003-0034-0964 FU DOE [DE-FG02-86ER45259]; NERSC and HPC Centers; U.S. NSF [DMR-0454672, DMR-0903977] FX Work at NCSU was supported by the DOE (DE-FG02-86ER45259) and by the resources of the NERSC and HPC Centers. Work at NCNR and UVA were supported by the U.S. NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0454672 and DMR-0903977, respectively. C. T. and H. K. acknowledge Science Research on Priority Area (19052004) from MEXT of Japan. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 16 AR 167205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.167205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 664GR UT WOS:000282948900010 PM 21231006 ER PT J AU Kilbourne, KH Quinn, TM Webb, R Guilderson, T Nyberg, J Winter, A AF Kilbourne, K. H. Quinn, T. M. Webb, R. Guilderson, T. Nyberg, J. Winter, A. TI Coral windows onto seasonal climate variability in the northern Caribbean since 1479 SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Little Ice Age; seasonality; coral; Caribbean; Montastrea; paleoclimate ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; O-18 ISOTOPIC DISEQUILIBRIUM; HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; ICE-AGE; BIOLOGICAL CARBONATES; LATE HOLOCENE; SR/CA RATIOS; OXYGEN; WATER AB Mean surface ocean conditions in the Caribbean were up to similar to 2 degrees C cooler than today at times during the Little Ice Age. The seasonal context for such mean state changes is important for determining the mechanisms involved. We reconstructed surface ocean conditions in southwest Puerto Rico at approximately monthly resolution over eight 4-12 year periods during the last similar to 520 years to test if the seasonal cycles of temperature or salinity varied with mean state. We carried out paired analyses of Sr/Ca and delta O-18 for two coral cores. The delta O-18 data contained clear annual cycles and were significantly correlated to temperature during the 20th century calibration periods (1993-2004 and 1902-1912, r = 0.73). The Sr/Ca data contained high-frequency noise that obscured the seasonal cycles, although the centennial variability matched that of the coral delta O-18, indicating a common forcing that is likely temperature. The seasonal coral delta O-18 amplitude averaged 0.60 +/- 0.17 parts per thousand, with none of the periods significantly different from the most recent. The simplest explanation is that the amplitudes of seasonal seawater delta O-18 and temperature variations were not different from today. Previous work in the southern Caribbean indicates that the Intertropical Convergence Zone was shifted southward or weaker during the Little Ice Age, and we speculate about how this could occur with no apparent affect on seasonality in the northern Caribbean. C1 [Kilbourne, K. H.; Quinn, T. M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Kilbourne, K. H.; Quinn, T. M.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Quinn, T. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Webb, R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Guilderson, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Guilderson, T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Guilderson, T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Nyberg, J.] Geol Survey Sweden, SE-75128 Uppsala, Sweden. [Winter, A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Kilbourne, KH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM kilbourn@cbl.umces.edu RI Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; Kilbourne, Kelly /D-6560-2012 OI Kilbourne, Kelly /0000-0001-7864-8438 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0327420]; Elsie and William Knight Oceanographic Fellowship FX Thank you to Ethan Goddard for analytical support and to Fred Taylor, Milton Carlo, and Peter Swart for help with coral coring. We also thank Kevin Helmle for his help cutting and X-raying the cores. Funding for this project included the National Science Foundation grant OCE-0327420 to T. M. Q., T. P. G., and R. S. W. and the Elsie and William Knight Oceanographic Fellowship to K. H. K. This manuscript is contribution 4363 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT 13 PY 2010 VL 11 AR Q10006 DI 10.1029/2010GC003171 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 665YV UT WOS:000283074900001 ER PT J AU Son, SW Gerber, EP Perlwitz, J Polvani, LM Gillett, NP Seo, KH Eyring, V Shepherd, TG Waugh, D Akiyoshi, H Austin, J Baumgaertner, A Bekki, S Braesicke, P Bruhl, C Butchart, N Chipperfield, MP Cugnet, D Dameris, M Dhomse, S Frith, S Garny, H Garcia, R Hardiman, SC Jockel, P Lamarque, JF Mancini, E Marchand, M Michou, M Nakamura, T Morgenstern, O Pitari, G Plummer, DA Pyle, J Rozanov, E Scinocca, JF Shibata, K Smale, D Teyssedre, H Tian, W Yamashita, Y AF Son, S. -W. Gerber, E. P. Perlwitz, J. Polvani, L. M. Gillett, N. P. Seo, K. -H. Eyring, V. Shepherd, T. G. Waugh, D. Akiyoshi, H. Austin, J. Baumgaertner, A. Bekki, S. Braesicke, P. Bruehl, C. Butchart, N. Chipperfield, M. P. Cugnet, D. Dameris, M. Dhomse, S. Frith, S. Garny, H. Garcia, R. Hardiman, S. C. Joeckel, P. Lamarque, J. F. Mancini, E. Marchand, M. Michou, M. Nakamura, T. Morgenstern, O. Pitari, G. Plummer, D. A. Pyle, J. Rozanov, E. Scinocca, J. F. Shibata, K. Smale, D. Teyssedre, H. Tian, W. Yamashita, Y. TI Impact of stratospheric ozone on Southern Hemisphere circulation change: A multimodel assessment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; PRIMITIVE EQUATION MODEL; RELATIVELY SIMPLE AGCM; IPCC AR4 MODELS; TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ANNULAR MODE; PART II; FLUCTUATION-DISSIPATION; TROPOSPHERIC RESPONSE AB The impact of stratospheric ozone on the tropospheric general circulation of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is examined with a set of chemistry-climate models participating in the Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC)/Chemistry-Climate Model Validation project phase 2 (CCMVal-2). Model integrations of both the past and future climates reveal the crucial role of stratospheric ozone in driving SH circulation change: stronger ozone depletion in late spring generally leads to greater poleward displacement and intensification of the tropospheric midlatitude jet, and greater expansion of the SH Hadley cell in the summer. These circulation changes are systematic as poleward displacement of the jet is typically accompanied by intensification of the jet and expansion of the Hadley cell. Overall results are compared with coupled models participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4), and possible mechanisms are discussed. While the tropospheric circulation response appears quasi-linearly related to stratospheric ozone changes, the quantitative response to a given forcing varies considerably from one model to another. This scatter partly results from differences in model climatology. It is shown that poleward intensification of the westerly jet is generally stronger in models whose climatological jet is biased toward lower latitudes. This result is discussed in the context of quasi-geostrophic zonal mean dynamics. C1 [Son, S. -W.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Austin, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Baumgaertner, A.; Bruehl, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Bekki, S.; Cugnet, D.; Marchand, M.] CNRS INSU, UPMC, UVSQ, Inst Pierre Simone Laplace,LATMOS, F-75252 Paris, France. [Braesicke, P.; Morgenstern, O.; Pyle, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, NCAS Climate Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Eyring, V.; Dameris, M.; Garny, H.; Joeckel, P.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Frith, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Garcia, R.; Lamarque, J. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gerber, E. P.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Gillett, N. P.; Scinocca, J. F.] Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Environm Canada, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Coppito, Laquila, Italy. [Michou, M.; Teyssedre, H.] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, GAME, CNRM, Meteo France, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Perlwitz, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Toronto, ON V8W 3V6, Canada. [Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Rozanov, E.] Phys Meteorol Observatorium Davos World Radiat Ct, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Seo, K. -H.] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Smale, D.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder 9320, Central Otago, New Zealand. [Waugh, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Perlwitz, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Rozanov, E.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Son, SW (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM seok-woo.son@mcgill.ca RI Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Baumgaertner, Andreas/C-4830-2011; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Son, Seok-Woo /A-8797-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016 OI Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Baumgaertner, Andreas/0000-0002-4740-0701; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619 FU Office of Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; NSERC; US NSF; KMA RD program [RACS 2010-2017]; Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra [GA01101]; Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071]; European Commission [SCOUT-O3] FX Helpful comments by Petra Huck and three anonymous reviewers are gratefully appreciated. The authors thank the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the CMIP3 model data, the JSC/CLIVAR Working Groups on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) and their Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We also thank all of the modeling groups for making their simulations available for this analysis, the second round of the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal-2) Activity for WCRP (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal-2 model output. The work of S. W. S. is supported by NSERC discovery grant. E. P. G. and L. M. P. are supported by grants from the US NSF to New York University and Columbia University, respectively. K. H. S. and S. W. S. were funded by the KMA R&D program under grant RACS 2010-2017. D. W. is partly supported by U.S. NSF. N.B. and S. H. are supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). The CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Found of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071), and the simulations were completed with the supercomputer at CGER, NIES, Japan. The MRI simulation was made with the supercomputer at the NIES, Japan. The scientific work of the European CCM groups was supported by the European Commission through the project SCOUT-O3 under the 6th Framework Programme. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 97 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 13 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00M07 DI 10.1029/2010JD014271 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666BS UT WOS:000283084500009 ER PT J AU Krayzman, V Levin, I AF Krayzman, Victor Levin, Igor TI Reverse Monte Carlo refinements of local displacive order in perovskites: AgNbO3 case study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; DIFFRACTION; DISORDER AB Reverse Monte Carlo refinements with combined input from neutron/x-ray total scattering and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) were applied to analyze local atomic displacements in perovskite-related AgNbO3. This compound exhibits complex displacive order-disorder behavior that determines the unique dielectric properties of AgNbO3-based ceramics. Our results revealed that the total scattering and EXAFS data collected from polycrystalline samples were insufficient to reproduce the correlated local Nb displacements which are evident from the diffuse scattering observed in electron diffraction. A credible representation of the AgNbO3 structure was obtained by enforcing these correlations via restraints on the atomic moves, thus ensuring that the refined atomic ensemble not only satisfied the total scattering and EXAFS data (a total of five datasets) but also reproduced the shape of the observed electron diffuse scattering. Such constrained RMC refinements revealed two-site positional disorder for each of the two non-equivalent Ag crystallographic positions. The refinements confirmed that all Ag cations in AgNbO3 exhibit similar local Ag-O coordination environments as opposed to the two distinct Ag coordinations in the average Pbcm structure. These results support the existence of Ag order-disorder behavior similar to that observed for Nb. C1 [Krayzman, Victor; Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Krayzman, V (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Science and Technology Facilities Council FX The authors are grateful to J Woicik (NIST), M Tucker (ISIS), P Chupas (APS), and K Chapman (APS) for their help with collecting the experimental data used in this study. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Experiments at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by a beam-time allocation from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. The source code of RMCProfile was kindly provided by M Tucker. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 13 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 40 AR 404201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/40/404201 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 653MQ UT WOS:000282096000004 PM 21386562 ER PT J AU Zangmeister, CD AF Zangmeister, Christopher D. TI Preparation and Evaluation of Graphite Oxide Reduced at 220 degrees C SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE OXIDE; REDUCTION; FILMS; TRANSPARENT; ENVIRONMENT; SERIES AB The reduction of graphite oxide (GO) thin films was evaluated at 220 degrees C using a combination of infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies (XPS). The results were correlated with electrical resistance measurements. The chemical composition of GO was C-8(OH)(3)O-0.8 and reduced to C-8(OH)(0.5)O-0.3 after nearly 24 h of low-temperature processing, defined as 220 degrees C. The sheet resistance of dropcast GO thin films processed at 220 degrees C in air was 8 k Omega sq(-1), similar to GO reduced at >800 degrees C in an inert atmosphere. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cdzang@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronics FX The author acknowledges Drs. Christina Hacker, Brent Sperling, Roger van Zec, Rebecca Zangmeister, and Gery Stafford for assistance in this investigation. The NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs funded this work. NR 34 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 13 U2 78 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 19 BP 5625 EP 5629 DI 10.1021/cm102005m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 658DS UT WOS:000282471000027 ER PT J AU Chang, YT Tang, TY Chao, SY Chang, MH Ko, DS Yang, YJ Liang, WD McPhaden, MJ AF Chang, Ya-Ting Tang, Tswen Yung Chao, Shenn-Yu Chang, Ming-Huei Ko, Dong S. Yang, Yiing Jang Liang, Wen-Der McPhaden, Michael J. TI Mooring observations and numerical modeling of thermal structures in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETRY; DATA ASSIMILATION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; CIRCULATION; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; MODULATION; HURRICANE; TIDE AB Three sets of Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition Systems were deployed in the South China Sea. Gaps aside, the data covered nearly 3 years at the northern station and about 2 years farther south. Fluctuations ranged from episodic to interannual. Internal tides, more diurnal than semidiurnal, were active basinwide. Twelve typhoons passed during measurement periods. The most severe one, typhoon Babs in 1998, caused a temperature drop of over 7 degrees C at 50 m. Despite strong monsoons, only near-surface temperature showed clear seasonal variations. Intraseasonal variations induced by mesoscale eddy stood out much better at subsurface depths. Propagating eddies aside, some eddies were seasonal and nearly stationary. From daily archives of an eddy-resolving, data-assimilating ocean model ( East Asian Seas Nowcast/Forecast System), we identified two paradigms leading to the generation of a persistent spring-summer warm eddy in the central-western basin. In normal years, a complete cyclonic gyre was driven by a strong winter northeast monsoon. Water piled up along the periphery of the South China Sea. Afterward, a warm eddy could be generated from west of Luzon Island and propagated westward while intensifying. Under a weak northeast monsoon, such as in El Nino years, piled-up water tended to stay in the southern basin. When the wind relaxed in spring, warm water returned northward to form a warm eddy in the central-western basin. Transition from SW to NE monsoon also often led to a warm eddy generation in southern latitudes, when the summer eastward jet departing from central Vietnam broke up. C1 [Chang, Ya-Ting; Tang, Tswen Yung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chao, Shenn-Yu] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Chang, Ming-Huei] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Marine Environm Informat, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. [Yang, Yiing Jang; Liang, Wen-Der] Naval Acad, Dept Marine Sci, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. [Ko, Dong S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chang, YT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; OI CHANG, MING-HUEI/0000-0002-6409-7652 FU Taiwan's National Science Council [95-2611-M-002-016-MY3, 95-2611-M-002-018-MY3, 98-2745-M-002-004]; Office of Naval Research (US) [N00014-09-0623, N00014-08WX-02-1170] FX The altimeter products were produced and distributed by Aviso (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/), as part of the Ssalto ground-processing segment. The work was supported by Taiwan's National Science Council under grants 95-2611-M-002-016-MY3, 95-2611-M-002-018-MY3, and 98-2745-M-002-004 for T.-Y. Tang, and by the Office of Naval Research (US) under grants N00014-09-0623 for S.-Y. Chao and N00014-08WX-02-1170 for D. S. Ko. PMEL publication 3606. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C10022 DI 10.1029/2010JC006293 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 666DD UT WOS:000283090900004 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Park, MJ Balsara, NP Jackson, A AF Kim, Sung Yeon Park, Moon Jeong Balsara, Nitash P. Jackson, Andrew TI Confinement Effects on Watery Domains in Hydrated Block Copolymer Electrolyte Membranes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; IONOMER MEMBRANES; NAFION MEMBRANES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; FUEL-CELLS; X-RAY; PROTON; CONDUCTIVITY AB The morphology of a series of diblock copolymers comprising randomly still-ciliated polystyrene (PSS) and polymethylbutylene (PMB) blocks equilibrated with humid air was determined by in situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In-situ SANS data were collected over a wide angular range permitting the determination of the superstructure of the hydrophilic PSS-rich and hydrophobic PMB-rich domains and the substructure within the hydrophilic PSS-rich domains. When the characteristic length oldie superstructure is larger than 10 nm, the hydrophilic PSS domains :ire heterogeneous with periodically arranged watery domains. The scattering signature of the watery domains is very similar to the well-established "ionomer peak". This peak vanishes when the neutron scattering length density or the water (H(2)O/D(2)O mixture) is matched to that of the PSS block. The spacing between watery domains depends only on sulfonation level of the PSS block. When the characteristic length of the superstructure is less than 10 nm, the watery substructure disappears and homogeneous hydrated PSS-rich domains are obtained. C1 [Park, Moon Jeong] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Sung Yeon; Park, Moon Jeong] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Adv Mat Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Park, MJ (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM moonpark@postech.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Park, Moon Jeong/F-5752-2013 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; FU Ministry or Education, Science and Technology [2010-0007798, R31-2009-000-10059-0]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0504122] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry or Education, Science and Technology (Project No. 2010-0007798) and WCU (World Class University) program through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Project No. R31-2009-000-10059-0). The SANS facilities at NIST are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0504122. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 19 BP 8128 EP 8135 DI 10.1021/ma101620k PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 658GM UT WOS:000282478500038 ER PT J AU Ding, YF Qi, HJ Alvine, KJ Ro, HW Ahn, DU Lin-Gibson, S Douglas, JF Soles, CL AF Ding, Yifu Qi, H. Jerry Alvine, Kyle J. Ro, Hyun Wook Ahn, Dae Up Lin-Gibson, Sheng Douglas, Jack F. Soles, Christopher L. TI Stability and Surface Topography Evolution in Nanoimprinted Polymer Patterns under a Thermal Gradient SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FLASH IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS; RESIDUAL-STRESS; THIN-FILMS; RELAXATION; VISCOELASTICITY; STEP; NANOFABRICATION; DEFORMATION AB Nanostructures created in polymer films by nanoimprint lithography are subject to large stresses, both those from the imprinting processes as well as stresses arising from the intrinsic thermodynamic instabilities. These stresses can induce nanostructure deformations that compromise the intended function of the imprinted pattern. Controlling these stresses, and thus the stability of the imprinted patterns, is a key scientific issue for this technology. The requirement of film stability against dewetting requires the use of entangled polymer films, which necessitates an understanding of complex viscoelastic response of these materials to large stresses. Here we investigate the evolution of the surface topography of nanoimprinted patterns in polystyrene films through a high throughput annealing approach in which the patterns are annealed for a fixed time on a controlled temperature gradient. Using principles of time-temperature superposition we systematically explore the effect of varying basic system variables such as pattern feature size, polymer molecular mass, imprinting temperature. on nanopattern stability, and on the evolution of imprinted patterns driven by surface tension and internal stress. Nanostructure collapse generally occurs through a combination of a "slumping'' instability, where the imprinted film simply relaxes toward it planar film and the pattern height decreases with time, and a lateral "zigzag" instability in the nanoimprinted lines. C1 [Ding, Yifu; Qi, H. Jerry; Ahn, Dae Up] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alvine, Kyle J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ro, Hyun Wook; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Douglas, Jack F.; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ding, YF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Yifu.Ding@colorado.Edu; Christopher.soles@nist.gov RI Qi, H. Jerry/C-1588-2009 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0928067, CMMI-1031785] FX We acknowledge the funding support from the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CMMI-0928067 and CMMI-1031785 and the nanofabrication laboratory of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST for access to their facilities. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 19 BP 8191 EP 8201 DI 10.1021/ma1018632 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 658GM UT WOS:000282478500046 ER PT J AU Akcora, P Kumar, SK Sakai, VG Li, Y Benicewicz, BC Schadler, LS AF Akcora, Pinar Kumar, Sanat K. Sakai, Victoria Garcia Li, Yu Benicewicz, Brian C. Schadler, Linda S. TI Segmental Dynamics in PMMA-Grafted Nanoparticle Composites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; FILLED ELASTOMERS; POLYMER MELTS; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; IMMOBILIZED POLYMER; REINFORCEMENT; NANOCOMPOSITES; MODEL AB We have recently shown that silica nanopartieles grafted with polystyrene chains behave akin to block copolymers due to the "dislike" between the nanoparticles and the grafts. These decorated nanoparticles, thus, sell-assemble into various morphologies, from well-dispersed nanoparticles to anisotropic superstructures, when they are placed in homopolystyrene matrices of different molecular masses. Here, we consider a slightly different case, where the grafted chains and the matrix (both PM MA) are strongly attracted to the silica nanoparticle surface. We then conjecture that these systems show phase mixing or demixing depending on the miscibility between the brush and matrix chains ("autophobic dewetting"). At 15 mass % particle loading, composites created using the same grafted nanoparticle, hut with two different matrices, yield well dispersed nanoparticles or nanoparticle "agglomerates", respectively. Rheoloey experiments show that the composites display solid-like behavior only when the particles are aggregated. As deduced in previous work, this difference in behavior is attributed to the presence of percolating particle clusters in the agglomerated samples which allows for stress propagation through the system. Going further, we compare the local mobility of matrix and grafted segments of both composites using quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments. For the liquid-like system, the mean square displacements of the grafted chains and matrix chains, the particle structuring and mechanical response are all unaffected by annealing time. In contrast, in the reinforced case, only the local matrix motion is unaffected by time. Since the particle clustering and solid-like mechanical reinforcement increase with increasing time, we conclude that mechanical reinforcement in polymer nanocomposites is purely based on the nanoparticles, with essentially no "interference" from the matrix. In conjunction with other results in the literature, we then surmise that mechanical reinforcement is caused by the bridging of particles by the grafted polymer layers and not due to the formation of "glassy" polymer layers on the nanoparticles. C1 [Akcora, Pinar; Kumar, Sanat K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Sakai, Victoria Garcia] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Yu; Benicewicz, Brian C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Schadler, Linda S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Akcora, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Li, Yu/A-3565-2011; OI Benicewicz, Brian/0000-0003-4130-1232 FU National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research [NSF DMR-0804647]; Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation [NSF DMR-0642573]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; National Institute or Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce FX Partial funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research (S.K.K., P.A., NSF DMR-0804647), and through the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation under NSF DMR-0642573 at RPI (S.K.K., B.C.B.). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute or Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 9 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 19 BP 8275 EP 8281 DI 10.1021/ma101240j PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 658GM UT WOS:000282478500054 ER PT J AU Coddington, I Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Coddington, I. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. TI Coherent dual-comb spectroscopy at high signal-to-noise ratio SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; LASER FREQUENCY COMBS; FREE-INDUCTION DECAY; FEMTOSECOND FIBER LASER; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; NOBEL LECTURE; RING LASERS AB Two coherent frequency combs are used to measure the full complex response of a sample in a configuration analogous to a dispersive Fourier transform spectrometer, infrared time domain spectrometer, or a multiheterodyne laser spectrometer. This dual-comb spectrometer retains the frequency accuracy and resolution of the reference underlying the stabilized combs. We discuss the specific design of our coherent dual-comb spectrometer and demonstrate the potential of this technique by measuring the overtone vibration of hydrogen cyanide, centered at 194 THz (1545 nm). We measure the fully normalized, complex response of the gas over a 9 THz bandwidth at 220 MHz frequency resolution yielding 41,000 resolution elements. The average spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over the 9 THz bandwidth is 2500 for both the magnitude and phase of the measured spectral response and the peak SNR is 4000. This peak SNR corresponds to a fractional absorption sensitivity of 0.05% and a phase sensitivity of 250 microradians. As the spectral coverage of combs expands, coherent dual-comb spectroscopy could provide high-frequency accuracy and resolution measurements of a complex sample response across a range of spectral regions. Work of U. S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Coddington, I.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Coddington, I (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU Department of Homeland Security; NIST FX We acknowledge useful conversations with Esther Baumann, Fabrizio Giorgetta, Todd Johnson, and Paul Williams and funding from the Department of Homeland Security and NIST. NR 69 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 8 U2 63 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 043817 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.043817 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 662LI UT WOS:000282808400009 ER PT J AU Li, HF Broholm, C Vaknin, D Fernandes, RM Abernathy, DL Stone, MB Pratt, DK Tian, W Qiu, Y Ni, N Diallo, SO Zarestky, JL Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC McQueeney, RJ AF Li, H. -F. Broholm, C. Vaknin, D. Fernandes, R. M. Abernathy, D. L. Stone, M. B. Pratt, D. K. Tian, W. Qiu, Y. Ni, N. Diallo, S. O. Zarestky, J. L. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. McQueeney, R. J. TI Anisotropic and quasipropagating spin excitations in superconducting Ba(Fe0.926Co0.074)(2)As-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STATE AB Inelastic neutron scattering from superconducting (SC) Ba (Fe0.926Co0.074)(2)As-2 reveals anisotropic and quasi-two-dimensional (2D) magnetic excitations close to Q(AFM)=(1/21/2) - the 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) wave vector of the parent BaFe2As2 compound. The correlation length anisotropy of these low-energy fluctuations is consistent with spin nematic correlations in the J(1)-J(2) model with J(1)/J(2)similar to 1. The spin resonance at similar to 8.3 meV in the SC state displays the same anisotropy. The anisotropic fluctuations experimentally evolve into two distinct maxima only along the direction transverse to Q(AFM) above similar to 80 meV indicating unusual quasipropagating excitations. C1 [Li, H. -F.; Vaknin, D.; Fernandes, R. M.; Pratt, D. K.; Tian, W.; Ni, N.; Diallo, S. O.; Zarestky, J. L.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, H. -F.; Vaknin, D.; Fernandes, R. M.; Pratt, D. K.; Tian, W.; Ni, N.; Diallo, S. O.; Zarestky, J. L.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.; Stone, M. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, HF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Fernandes, Rafael/E-9273-2010; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Li, Haifeng/F-9743-2013; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602; Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 FU U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. DOE by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. DOE by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. Johns Hopkins Institute for Quantum Matter is supported by the U.S. DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor and Spallation Neutron Source is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE. We thank M. J. Loguillo for assistance with the ARCS measurements. We acknowledge the expert technical assistance of Scott Spangler at JHU in machining the sample mount for HB-3 measurements. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 140503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.140503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 662LP UT WOS:000282809100004 ER PT J AU O'Neill, BC Dalton, M Fuchs, R Jiang, LW Pachauri, S Zigova, K AF O'Neill, Brian C. Dalton, Michael Fuchs, Regina Jiang, Leiwen Pachauri, Shonali Zigova, Katarina TI Global demographic trends and future carbon emissions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; energy; integrated assessment; population; households ID HOUSEHOLD ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS; CO2 EMISSIONS; POPULATION-GROWTH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACT; STABILIZATION; TRANSITIONS; SCENARIOS; INDIA AB Substantial changes in population size, age structure, and urbanization are expected in many parts of the world this century. Although such changes can affect energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, emissions scenario analyses have either left them out or treated them in a fragmentary or overly simplified manner. We carry out a comprehensive assessment of the implications of demographic change for global emissions of carbon dioxide. Using an energy-economic growth model that accounts for a range of demographic dynamics, we show that slowing population growth could provide 16-29% of the emissions reductions suggested to be necessary by 2050 to avoid dangerous climate change. We also find that aging and urbanization can substantially influence emissions in particular world regions. C1 [O'Neill, Brian C.; Jiang, Leiwen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [O'Neill, Brian C.; Jiang, Leiwen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Integrated Sci Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Dalton, Michael] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fuchs, Regina; Pachauri, Shonali; Zigova, Katarina] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Zigova, Katarina] Univ Konstanz, Dept Econ, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RP O'Neill, BC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM boneill@ucar.edu RI O'Neill, Brian/E-6531-2013 FU National Science Foundation; European Young Investigator's award; Hewlett Foundation; Department of Energy; Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank K. Riahi for assistance in interpreting the IIASA A2 and B2 scenario results, R. Sands for advice on alternative energy-balance techniques, X. Ren for assistance in checking model results, P. Belden, A. Hayes, W. Lutz, M. Oppenheimer, W. Sanderson, D. Spreng, and E. Zagheni for helpful comments on this manuscript, and L. Goulder, P. Ehrlich, S. Schneider, and D. Kennedy for guidance and support during development of the original version of the PET model. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation, a European Young Investigator's award (to B.C.O.) and the Hewlett Foundation. Funding was provided for early stages of the analysis by the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency. NR 30 TC 84 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 41 BP 17521 EP 17526 DI 10.1073/pnas.1004581107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 662LV UT WOS:000282809700017 PM 20937861 ER PT J AU Adler, F Maslowski, P Foltynowicz, A Cossel, KC Briles, TC Hartl, I Ye, J AF Adler, Florian Maslowski, Piotr Foltynowicz, Aleksandra Cossel, Kevin C. Briles, Travis C. Hartl, Ingmar Ye, Jun TI Mid-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy with a broadband frequency comb SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; BREATH ANALYSIS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; NITROUS-OXIDE; MU-M; METHANE; 21ST-CENTURY; GENERATION; CLIMATE AB We present a first implementation of optical-frequency-comb-based rapid trace gas detection in the molecular fingerprint region in the mid-infrared. Near-real-time acquisition of broadband absorption spectra with 0.0056 cm(-1) maximum resolution is demonstrated using a frequency comb Fourier transform spectrometer which operates in the 2100-to-3700-cm(-1) spectral region. We achieve part-per-billion detection limits in 30 seconds of integration time for several important molecules including methane, ethane, isoprene, and nitrous oxide. Our system enables precise concentration measurements even in gas mixtures that exhibit continuous absorption bands, and it allows detection of molecules at levels below the noise floor via simultaneous analysis of multiple spectral features. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Adler, Florian; Maslowski, Piotr; Foltynowicz, Aleksandra; Cossel, Kevin C.; Briles, Travis C.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Adler, Florian; Maslowski, Piotr; Foltynowicz, Aleksandra; Cossel, Kevin C.; Briles, Travis C.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hartl, Ingmar] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Maslowski, Piotr] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Adler, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM fadler@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Foltynowicz, Aleksandra/0000-0002-6191-7926 FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Swedish Research Council; National Science Foundation; Air Force Office for Scientific Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Agilent Foundation; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX We thank R. Fox for the loan of the Herriott cell and D. L. Osborn, M. J. Thorpe, N. R. Newbury, S. A. Diddams, and R. Ciurylo for valuable discussions. We further thank Matheson-Trigas for providing certified sample gas mixtures. F. A. was partially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. P. M. acknowledges a fellowship from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. A. F. holds a fellowship from the Swedish Research Council. K. C. C. is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. This project is funded by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Agilent Foundation, the National Institute for Standards and Technology, and the National Science Foundation. NR 44 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 6 U2 72 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 11 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 21 BP 21861 EP 21872 DI 10.1364/OE.18.021861 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 673TR UT WOS:000283686500039 PM 20941086 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, GC AF Rhoderick, George C. TI Stability assessment of gas mixtures containing terpenes at nominal 5 nmol/mol contained in treated aluminum gas cylinders SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual LC/MS/MS Workshop on Environmental Applications and Food Safety CY FEB 25-26, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE Terpenes; Internal standard; Growth rate; Isomerization; Degradation; Gas mixtures in aluminum cylinders; nmol/mol; pmol/mol ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MONOTERPENE EMISSION; NORWAY SPRUCE; VOC EMISSIONS; ALPHA-PINENE; ISOPRENE; L.; ISOMERIZATION; VEGETATION AB Studies of climate change increasingly recognize the diverse influences exerted by terpenes in the atmosphere, including roles in particulates, ozone formation, and their oxidizing potential. Measurements of key terpenes suggest atmospheric concentrations ranging from low pmol/mol (parts per trillion) to nmol/mol (parts per billion), depending on location and compound. To accurately establish concentration trends, assess the role of terpenes in atmospheric chemistry, and relate measurement records from many laboratories and researchers, it is essential to have good calibration standards. The feasibility of preparing well-characterized, stable gas cylinder standards for terpenes at the nmol/mol level is not yet well established. Several of the world's National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) are researching the feasibility of developing primary and secondary reference gas standards at the nmol/mol level for terpenes. The US NMI, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, has prepared several nmol/mol mixtures, in treated aluminum gas cylinders, containing terpenes in dry nitrogen at nominal 5 nmol/mol for stability studies. Overall, 11 terpenes were studied for stability. An initial gas mixture containing nine terpenes, one oxygenate, and six aromatic compounds, including benzene as an internal standard, was prepared. Results for four of the nine terpenes in this initial mixture indicate stability in these treated aluminum gas cylinders for over 6 months and project long term (years) stability. Interesting results were seen for beta-pinene, which when using a linear equation rate decline predicts that it will reach a zero concentration level at day 416. At the same time, increases in alpha-pinene, D-limonene (R-(+)-limonene), and p-cymene were observed, including camphene, a terpene not prepared in the gas mixture, indicating a chemical transformation of beta-pinene to these species. Additional mixtures containing combination of either alpha-pinene, camphor, alpha-terpinene, and benzene indicate a second-order quadratic rate decline for the alpha-pinene and alpha-terpinene, a linear rate decline for camphor, and a second-order quadratic rate increase of camphene. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8393, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT 10 PY 2010 VL 398 IS 3 BP 1417 EP 1425 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4058-0 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 648DK UT WOS:000281670400029 PM 20694720 ER PT J AU Xiong, XZ Barnet, CD Zhuang, QL Machida, T Sweeney, C Patra, PK AF Xiong, Xiaozhen Barnet, Christopher D. Zhuang, Qianlai Machida, Toshinobu Sweeney, Colm Patra, Prabir K. TI Mid-upper tropospheric methane in the high Northern Hemisphere: Spaceborne observations by AIRS, aircraft measurements, and model simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILROAD; TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GROWTH-RATE; BUDGET; SATELLITE; MISSION; DESIGN; CYCLE; CH4 AB Spaceborne measurements by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS/Aqua satellite provide a global view of the methane (CH4) distribution in the mid-upper troposphere (MUT-CH4). The focus of this study is to examine the spatiotemporal variation of MUT-CH4 in the high Northern Hemisphere (HNH) using AIRS retrievals, aircraft measurements, and simulations from a forward chemistry-transport model (i.e., ACTM). Data from 2004 and 2005 focusing over two regions (Alaska and Siberia) are analyzed. An important feature in the seasonal variation of CH4 we found is the summer increase of MUT-CH4, which is nearly opposite to the summer minimum of CH4 in the marine boundary layer (MBL). This study also demonstrated an apparent increase of CH4 over Alaska associated with the 2004 Alaska forest fire and a negative bias of the ACTM simulations in the HNH. The larger bias of the model simulations in the late winter to early spring may indicate possible unidentified CH4 emission sources (e. g., the use of energy or gas leakage) during this period, but more studies will be needed due to the retrieval uncertainties in the polar winter season. The summer increase of MUT-CH4 is related to surface emission, but the enhanced convection in summer is likely the most important driver. C1 [Xiong, Xiaozhen] Dell Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. [Xiong, Xiaozhen; Barnet, Christopher D.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Machida, Toshinobu] Natl Inst Environm Studies, CGER, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Patra, Prabir K.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236001, Japan. RP Xiong, XZ (reprint author), Dell Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. EM xiaozhen.xiong@noaa.gov RI Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009; Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012 OI Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727 FU NOAA Office of Application and Research; National Center of Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) FX This research was supported by funding from NOAA Office of Application and Research. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. This study also benefits from a Methane Working Group supported by the National Center of Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS). We thank Central Aerological Observatory, Russia, for conducting Surgut sampling and T. Nakazawa, Tohoku University, for CH4 analysis before 2005. Also, we thank Nicholas R. Nalli from NOAA/NESDIS for his kind help in editing the whole manuscript and providing professional feedback, and we thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments and constructive suggestions. NR 58 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D19309 DI 10.1029/2009JD013796 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690MT UT WOS:000285009600008 ER PT J AU Shindell, D Schulz, M Ming, Y Takemura, T Faluvegi, G Ramaswamy, V AF Shindell, Drew Schulz, Michael Ming, Yi Takemura, Toshihiko Faluvegi, Greg Ramaswamy, V. TI Spatial scales of climate response to inhomogeneous radiative forcing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; GREENHOUSE GASES; SENSITIVITY; AEROSOLS; SYSTEM AB The distances over which localized radiative forcing influences surface temperature have not been well characterized. We present a general methodology to analyze the spatial scales of the forcing/response relationship and apply it to simulations of historical aerosol forcing and response in four climate models. We find that the surface temperature response is not strongly sensitive to the longitude of forcing but is fairly sensitive to latitude. Surface temperature responses in the Arctic and the Southern Hemisphere extratropics, where forcing was small, show little relationship to local forcing. Restricting the analysis to 30 degrees S-60 degrees N, where nearly all the forcing was applied, shows that forcing strongly influences response out to similar to 4500 km away examining all directions. The meridional length of influence is somewhat shorter (similar to 3500 km or 30 degrees), while it extends out to at least 12,000 km in the zonal direction. Substantial divergences between the models are seen over the oceans, whose physical representations differ greatly among the models. Length scales are quite consistent over 30 degrees S-60 degrees N land areas, however, despite differences in both the forcing applied and the physics of the models themselves. The results suggest that better understanding of regionally inhomogeneous radiative forcing would lead to improved projections of regional climate change over land areas. They also provide quantitative estimates of the spatial extent of the climate impacts of pollutants, which can extend thousands of kilometers beyond polluted areas, especially in the zonal direction. C1 [Shindell, Drew; Faluvegi, Greg] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Schulz, Michael] CEA CNRS IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Takemura, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. RP Shindell, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 OI Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; FU NASA; EU-EUCAARI [036833-2] FX We thank NASA's Modeling and Analysis Program for support and Gavin Schmidt for helpful discussion. IPSL model simulations could be accessed thanks to the IPSL infrastructure Pole de modelisation, led by Jean-Louis Dufresne and Pascale Braconnot. Analysis was also supported by the (EU-EUCAARI) project (contract 036833-2). NR 25 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 7 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D19110 DI 10.1029/2010JD014108 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 716RG UT WOS:000286990600015 ER PT J AU Wilson, SD Yamani, Z Rotundu, CR Freelon, B Valdivia, PN Bourret-Courchesne, E Lynn, JW Chi, SX Hong, T Birgeneau, RJ AF Wilson, Stephen D. Yamani, Z. Rotundu, C. R. Freelon, B. Valdivia, P. N. Bourret-Courchesne, E. Lynn, J. W. Chi, Songxue Hong, Tao Birgeneau, R. J. TI Antiferromagnetic critical fluctuations in BaFe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN DYNAMICS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2CUO4; WAVES AB Magnetic correlations near the magnetostructural phase transition in the bilayer iron-pnictide parent compound, BaFe2As2, are measured. In close proximity to the antiferromagnetic phase transition in BaFe2As2, a crossover to three-dimensional critical behavior is anticipated and has been preliminarily observed. Here we report complementary measurements of two-dimensional magnetic fluctuations over a broad temperature range about T-N. The potential role of two-dimensional critical fluctuations in the magnetic phase behavior of BaFe2As2 and their evolution near the anticipated crossover to three-dimensional critical behavior and long-range order are discussed. C1 [Wilson, Stephen D.; Rotundu, C. R.; Bourret-Courchesne, E.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wilson, Stephen D.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Yamani, Z.] CNR, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. [Freelon, B.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Valdivia, P. N.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lynn, J. W.; Chi, Songxue] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chi, Songxue] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hong, Tao] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilson, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stephen.wilson@bc.edu RI Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013; OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153; Rotundu, Costel/0000-0002-1571-8352 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE [DE-AC03-76SF008]; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF008. Work at ORNL was partially supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 6 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144502 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 659LS UT WOS:000282568600006 ER PT J AU Hamme, RC Webley, PW Crawford, WR Whitney, FA DeGrandpre, MD Emerson, SR Eriksen, CC Giesbrecht, KE Gower, JFR Kavanaugh, MT Pena, MA Sabine, CL Batten, SD Coogan, LA Grundle, DS Lockwood, D AF Hamme, Roberta C. Webley, Peter W. Crawford, William R. Whitney, Frank A. DeGrandpre, Michael D. Emerson, Steven R. Eriksen, Charles C. Giesbrecht, Karina E. Gower, Jim F. R. Kavanaugh, Maria T. Pena, M. Angelica Sabine, Christopher L. Batten, Sonia D. Coogan, Laurence A. Grundle, Damian S. Lockwood, Deirdre TI Volcanic ash fuels anomalous plankton bloom in subarctic northeast Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OCEAN; IRON; NE; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT AB Using multiple lines of evidence, we demonstrate that volcanic ash deposition in August 2008 initiated one of the largest phytoplankton blooms observed in the subarctic North Pacific. Unusually widespread transport from a volcanic eruption in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska deposited ash over much of the subarctic NE Pacific, followed by large increases in satellite chlorophyll. Surface ocean pCO(2), pH, and fluorescence reveal that the bloom started a few days after ashfall. Ship-based measurements showed increased dominance by diatoms. This evidence points toward fertilization of this normally iron-limited region by ash, a relatively new mechanism proposed for iron supply to the ocean. The observations do not support other possible mechanisms. Extrapolation of the pCO2 data to the area of the bloom suggests a modest similar to 0.01 Pg carbon export from this event, implying that even large-scale iron fertilization at an optimum time of year is not very efficient at sequestering atmospheric CO(2). Citation: Hamme, R. C., et al. (2010), Volcanic ash fuels anomalous plankton bloom in subarctic northeast Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L19604, doi:10.1029/2010GL044629. C1 [Hamme, Roberta C.; Giesbrecht, Karina E.; Coogan, Laurence A.; Grundle, Damian S.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Webley, Peter W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Crawford, William R.; Whitney, Frank A.; Gower, Jim F. R.; Pena, M. Angelica] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [DeGrandpre, Michael D.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Emerson, Steven R.; Eriksen, Charles C.; Lockwood, Deirdre] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kavanaugh, Maria T.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Batten, Sonia D.] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Nanaimo, BC V9V 1N8, Canada. RP Hamme, RC (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, POB 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. EM rhamme@uvic.ca RI Giesbrecht, Karina/B-1405-2013; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; Kavanaugh, Maria/0000-0001-6126-6177 FU NSERC; DFO; NSF; NOAA; SAHFOS FX We thank M. Robert and Fisheries and Oceans Canada staff for core measurements and support on Line P cruises, as well as the scientists and crew on the August 2008 cruises (Tully 2008-27 and Thompson TN224). Funding support by NSERC, DFO, NSF, NOAA, SAHFOS. NR 26 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L19604 DI 10.1029/2010GL044629 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 661XU UT WOS:000282767500001 ER PT J AU Painter, TH Deems, JS Belnap, J Hamlet, AF Landry, CC Udall, B AF Painter, Thomas H. Deems, Jeffrey S. Belnap, Jayne Hamlet, Alan F. Landry, Christopher C. Udall, Bradley TI Response of Colorado River runoff to dust radiative forcing in snow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aerosols; land use change; reflectivity; snow melt ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; WATER AVAILABILITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2; IMPACTS; TRENDS; MODEL; DEPOSITION AB The waters of the Colorado River serve 27 million people in seven states and two countries but are overallocated by more than 10% of the river's historical mean. Climate models project runoff losses of 7-20% from the basin in this century due to human-induced climate change. Recent work has shown however that by the late 1800s, decades prior to allocation of the river's runoff in the 1920s, a fivefold increase in dust loading from anthropogenically disturbed soils in the southwest United States was already decreasing snow albedo and shortening the duration of snow cover by several weeks. The degree to which this increase in radiative forcing by dust in snow has affected timing and magnitude of runoff from the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) is unknown. Here we use the Variable Infiltration Capacity model with postdisturbance and pre-disturbance impacts of dust on albedo to estimate the impact on runoff from the UCRB across 1916-2003. We find that peak runoff at Lees Ferry, Arizona has occurred on average 3 wk earlier under heavier dust loading and that increases in evapotranspiration from earlier exposure of vegetation and soils decreases annual runoff by more than 1.0 billion cubic meters or similar to 5% of the annual average. The potential to reduce dust loading through surface stabilization in the deserts and restore more persistent snow cover, slow runoff, and increase water resources in the UCRB may represent an important mitigation opportunity to reduce system management tensions and regional impacts of climate change. C1 [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.; Udall, Bradley] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Western Water Assessme, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Landry, Christopher C.] Ctr Snow & Avalanche Studies, Silverton, CO 81433 USA. RP Painter, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Thomas.Painter@jpl.nasa.gov RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU National Science Foundation [ATM0432327]; NASA [NNG04GC52A] FX We thank J. Sparks, T. Belote, S. Munson, and D. S. Schimel for comments on the manuscript. We express special thanks to Jeff Dozier for a tough, thorough, and constructive exchange on the full range of the paper. T. H. P. was funded by National Science Foundation Grant ATM0432327 and NASA Cooperative Agreement NNG04GC52A. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 55 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 58 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 5 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 40 BP 17125 EP 17130 DI 10.1073/pnas.0913139107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 658TJ UT WOS:000282512000016 PM 20855581 ER PT J AU Spietz, L Irwin, K Lee, M Aumentado, J AF Spietz, Lafe Irwin, Kent Lee, Minhyea Aumentado, Jose TI Noise performance of lumped element direct current superconducting quantum interference device amplifiers in the 4-8 GHz range SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SQUID AB We report on the noise of a lumped element direct current superconducting quantum interference device amplifier. We show that the noise temperature in the 4-8 GHz range over ranges of tens of megahertz is below 1 K (three photons of added noise), characterize the overall behavior of the noise as a function of bias parameters, and discuss potential mechanisms which determine the noise performance in this amplifier. We show that this device can provide more than a factor of 10 improvement in practical system noise over existing phase-preserving microwave measurement systems in this frequency band. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3497008] C1 [Spietz, Lafe; Irwin, Kent; Lee, Minhyea; Aumentado, Jose] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Spietz, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lafe.spietz@boulder.nist.gov RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Irwin, Kent/0000-0002-2998-9743 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 14 AR 142502 DI 10.1063/1.3497008 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 661XF UT WOS:000282765700046 ER PT J AU Xu, H Chen, L Hu, LB Zhitenev, N AF Xu, Hua Chen, Lei Hu, Liangbing Zhitenev, Nikolai TI Contact resistance of flexible, transparent carbon nanotube films with metals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONICS AB We studied the contact properties of different metals to optically-transparent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films using fabrication processes compatible with flexible electronic applications. The SWCNT films are deposited on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate and patterned in test structures optimized for contact resistance measurements for a particular metal contact. Specific contact resistance and current transfer length is determined for Pt, Cr, Cu, and Au contacts. We also evaluate effects of chemical doping and thickness of SWCNT films on the contact resistance. We find that the current transfer length, defining the minimal dimensions of efficient contacts to transparent SWCNT films, ranges from 8 X 10(-6) to 10(-4) m for different metals. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3496465] C1 [Xu, Hua; Chen, Lei; Zhitenev, Nikolai] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hua] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hu, Liangbing] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Xu, H (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huxu@nist.gov RI Hu, Liangbing/C-5589-2011; Xu, Hua/D-5217-2009; Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014; Hu, Liangbing/N-6660-2013 FU NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement FX The authors would like to thank the staff of the NanoFab at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology for the help with the patterning process development. This work was supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 14 AR 143116 DI 10.1063/1.3496465 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 661XF UT WOS:000282765700068 ER PT J AU Brioude, J Portmann, RW Daniel, JS Cooper, OR Frost, GJ Rosenlof, KH Granier, C Ravishankara, AR Montzka, SA Stohl, A AF Brioude, J. Portmann, R. W. Daniel, J. S. Cooper, O. R. Frost, G. J. Rosenlof, K. H. Granier, C. Ravishankara, A. R. Montzka, S. A. Stohl, A. TI Variations in ozone depletion potentials of very short-lived substances with season and emission region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; CLIMATE AB We present a new approach for calculating the fraction of very-short lived substances (VSLS) emitted at the surface (and their degradation products) that reach the stratosphere (beta) using the FLEXPART Lagrangian model. The values of beta play a key role in determining the efficiency of these compounds for depleting stratospheric ozone, and are used to estimate ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) of several short-lived compounds. Calculated beta and ODPs of VSLSs show large regional and seasonal variability owing to the importance of convective transport. For instance, beta and ODPs associated with emissions from the Indian subcontinent is an order of magnitude larger than that from Europe, mid-latitude North America, or East Asia. The seasonal cycle of beta is mainly driven by transport efficiency from the boundary layer into the tropical stratosphere; beta has a minimum in winter and a maximum in summer. Citation: Brioude, J., R. W. Portmann, J. S. Daniel, O. R. Cooper, G. J. Frost, K. H. Rosenlof, C. Granier, A. R. Ravishankara, S. A. Montzka, and A. Stohl (2010), Variations in ozone depletion potentials of very short-lived substances with season and emission region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L19804, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044856. C1 [Brioude, J.; Portmann, R. W.; Daniel, J. S.; Cooper, O. R.; Frost, G. J.; Rosenlof, K. H.; Granier, C.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Frost, G. J.; Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, C.] Univ Paris 06, LATMOS, IPSL, INSU,CNRS, Paris, France. RP Brioude, J (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jerome.brioude@noaa.gov RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU European Commission; NOAA FX We thank Vladimir Orkin for providing some of the loss rates used in the paper and Chi-Fan Shih for providing ERA-interim data. AS was supported by the European Commission as part of the SHIVA project. This work was supported by NOAA Climate Research Program. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L19804 DI 10.1029/2010GL044856 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 657SQ UT WOS:000282433000008 ER PT J AU Li, XF Yang, XF Zheng, QA Pietrafesa, LJ Pichel, WG Li, ZW Li, XM AF Li, Xiaofeng Yang, Xiaofeng Zheng, Quanan Pietrafesa, Leonard J. Pichel, William G. Li, Ziwei Li, Xiaoming TI Deep-water bathymetric features imaged by spaceborne SAR in the Gulf Stream region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY; RADAR IMAGERY; NANTUCKET SHOALS; WAVES AB Deep-water (>500 m) oceanic bathymetric features are frequently observed in RADARSAT-1 SAR images in the Gulf Stream (GS) region. They are imaged apparently because of the unique environmental conditions in the region, oceanographically characterized by a strong GS current (2 ms(-1)) and favorable ocean stratification. SAR image analysis shows the basic characteristics of these bathymetric features. A coincident sea surface temperature image shows that the bathymetric feature is only "visible" by SAR within the GS pathway. The dominant wavelength of the wave-like feature is about 2.3 km and their crests are perpendicular to the GS axis. Shipboard sounding measurements confirm the SAR observation. A theoretical consideration of the ocean current and corrugated bathymetry interaction in a 3-layer ocean is presented. Using representative ocean density profile data and the GS current data, we analyze the requirements for the generation and upward propagation of the disturbance induced by the current-bathymetry interaction. Citation: Li, X., X. Yang, Q. Zheng, L. J. Pietrafesa, W. G. Pichel, Z. Li, and X. Li (2010), Deep-water bathymetric features imaged by spaceborne SAR in the Gulf Stream region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L19603, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044406. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Li, Xiaoming] German Aerosp Ctr, Remote Sensing Technol Inst, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Yang, Xiaofeng; Li, Ziwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] N Carolina State Univ, MEAS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zheng, Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; yang, xiaofeng/K-5245-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; yang, xiaofeng/0000-0001-9920-4641; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L19603 DI 10.1029/2010GL044406 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 657SQ UT WOS:000282433000004 ER PT J AU McClatchie, S Goericke, R Cosgrove, R Auad, G Vetter, R AF McClatchie, S. Goericke, R. Cosgrove, R. Auad, G. Vetter, R. TI Oxygen in the Southern California Bight: Multidecadal trends and implications for demersal fisheries SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BATHYMETRIC DEMOGRAPHY; SEBASTES; HYPOXIA; ECOSYSTEM; PACIFIC AB Reports of hypoxic conditions (oxygen <1.5 ml L(-1)) off the U.S. west coast over the last two decades led us to investigate hypoxia in the Southern California Bight (SCB) and its potential impacts on fisheries. The secular trend in hypoxia in the SCB over the last 57 years is not monotonic, and reversed trend in the mid-1980s, bringing oxygen concentrations back to levels measured in the late 1950s to early 1960s. Thirty-seven percent of the rockfish (Sebastes spp.) habitat in the Cowcod Conservation Area at 240-350 m depths suffers exposure to hypoxia in the summer of normal years. If current trends in shoaling of low oxygen water continue for another 20 years, rather than reversing as happened previously, we predict loss of 18% of the habitat with 55% of the total habitat exposed to hypoxia. Citation: McClatchie, S., R. Goericke, R. Cosgrove, G. Auad, and R. Vetter (2010), Oxygen in the Southern California Bight: Multidecadal trends and implications for demersal fisheries, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L19602, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044497. C1 [McClatchie, S.; Cosgrove, R.; Vetter, R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Auad, G.] US Dept Interior, Environm Studies Program, Bur Ocean Energy Management, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [Goericke, R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Integrat Oceanog Div, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McClatchie, S (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM sam.mcclatchie@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration FX Ron Lynn, Steven Bograd, Lou Zeidberg, Lisa Levin, Paul Fiedler, Tim Baumgartner and John Field provided helpful comment on the manuscript. This research was funded by the Fisheries And The Environment program (FATE) of the NOAA Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration. NR 15 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L19602 DI 10.1029/2010GL044497 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 657SQ UT WOS:000282433000006 ER PT J AU Gann, RG Averill, JD Johnsson, EL Nyden, MR Peacock, RD AF Gann, Richard G. Averill, Jason D. Johnsson, Erik L. Nyden, Marc R. Peacock, Richard D. TI Fire effluent component yields from room-scale fire tests SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE fire; fire research; smoke; room fire tests; fire toxicity; smoke toxicity; toxicity ID TOXIC POTENCY; COMBUSTION; SMOKE AB Estimation of the time available for escape (ASET) in the event of a fire is a principal component in fire hazard or risk assessment. Valid data on the yields of toxic smoke components from bench-scale apparatus is essential to accurate ASET calculations This paper presents a methodology for obtaining pre-flashover and post-flashover toxicant yields from room-scale fire tests. The data are to be used for comparison with bench-scale data for the same combustibles: a sofa, bookcases, and electric power cable. Each was burned in a room with a long adjacent corridor. The yields of CO(2), CO, HCl, HCN, and soot were determined. Other toxicants (NO(2), formaldehyde, and acrolein), whose concentrations were below the detection limits, were of limited importance relative to the detected toxicants. The uncertainty values were comparable to those estimated for calculations used to determine ASET and were sufficiently small to determine whether a bench-scale apparatus is producing results that are similar to the real-scale results here. The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was useful for obtaining toxicant concentration data; however, its operation and interpretation are not routine. The losses of CO, HCN, and HCl along the corridor were dependent on the combustible. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gann, Richard G.; Averill, Jason D.; Johnsson, Erik L.; Nyden, Marc R.; Peacock, Richard D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gann, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rggann@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry; American Plastics Council; DuPont; Lamson & Sessions; Underwriters Laboratories; Vinyl Institute FX Contract/grant sponsors: National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry, the American Plastics Council, DuPont, Lamson & Sessions, Underwriters Laboratories, and the Vinyl Institute under the aegis of the Fire Protection Research Foundation; This research was sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry, the American Plastics Council, DuPont, Lamson & Sessions, Underwriters Laboratories, and the Vinyl Institute under the aegis of the Fire Protection Research Foundation and the supervision of Frederick Mulhaupt and Steven Hanly. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 34 IS 6 BP 285 EP 314 DI 10.1002/fam.1024 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 672TE UT WOS:000283609000002 ER PT J AU Gillaspy, JD AF Gillaspy, J. D. TI Testing QED in sodium-like gold and xenon: using atomic spectroscopy and an EBIT to probe the quantum vacuum SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Traps CY APR 07-10, 2010 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN DE Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron, resonance (ECR), electron beam (EBIS)); Plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging ID FREQUENCY COMB SPECTROSCOPY; CU-LIKE IONS; NA-LIKE; FINE-STRUCTURE; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; NOBEL LECTURE; LAMB SHIFTS; H-ALPHA; HELIUM; ENERGY AB Electron Beam Ion Traps (EBITs) can strip atoms to their electronic cores, revealing strong perturbations of the quantum vacuum that occur at electric field strengths comparable to those in petawatt lasers focused to their diffraction limit. Wavelengths of the D-lines in sodium-like ions measured previously using the NIST EBIT are discussed in terms of testing quantum electrodynamics in the high-field limit. The accuracy of our measurements in Au(68+) (0.03 eV), together with the estimated accuracy of a corresponding calculation (0.02 eV), provide a 0.6% test of QED, the most precise currently available in any sodium-like ion. This measurement tests the predictions of QED for sodium-like ions to more fractional accuracy than even the best results available in hydrogen-like uranium. For the case of Na-like Xe(43+), where a modest discrepancy exists between theory and measurements from three independent groups, an apparent collision-energy dependence is revealed which may account for the discrepancy. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillaspy, JD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.gillaspy@nist.gov NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 5 AR C10005 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/10/C10005 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 675AZ UT WOS:000283797200014 ER PT J AU Nikoobakht, B Herzing, A AF Nikoobakht, Babak Herzing, Andrew TI Formation of Planar Arrays of One-Dimensional p-n Heterojunctions Using Surface-Directed Growth of Nanowires and Nanowalls SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE surface-directed growth; directed assembly; nanowires; nanowalls; zinc oxide; p-n heterojunction ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; THIN-FILM; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; SOLAR-CELLS; ZNO; FABRICATION; GAN; DEVICES AB We report a surface-directed vapor-liquid-solid process for planar growth of one-dimensional heterojunctions of zinc oxide on single crystal gallium nitride (GaN) that enables their hierarchical assembly to light emitting diodes. An individual heterojunction is about 10 mu m in length and 80 nm in width and is formed by planar growth of an n-type ZnO nanowire or nanowall on p-type GaN surface using Au catalyst. Our results show that a ZnO nanocrystal at its nucleation site has six possible growth directions that can be engineered and controlled using an intentional blockade of the nanocrystal growth in certain directions owing to similarities in crystal structures of ZnO and GaN. The ZnO nanowalls are formed when nanowires during their planar growth slowly grow in direction normal to the substrate via a self-catalytic process. The crystal structure of these heterojunctions is examined from two different crystallographic perspectives using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate abrupt and epitaxial formation of n-p heterojunctions, which are difficult to achieve in thin film growth of these heterojunctions. The collective light emission of micrometer- to millimeter-size arrays of the heterojunctions is demonstrated via a simple design that is scalable to literally any platform size. This technique allows in situ growth and combinations of II-VI and III-V semiconductors and offers their easier integration to photonic and lab-on-chip platforms with applications in energy generation and light detection. C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak; Herzing, Andrew] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babakn@nist.gov RI Nikoobakht, Babak/D-7562-2011; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD OCT PY 2010 VL 4 IS 10 BP 5877 EP 5886 DI 10.1021/nn1019972 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 670UV UT WOS:000283453700054 PM 20843070 ER PT J AU Havey, DK Bueno, PA Gillis, KA Hodges, JT Mulholland, GW van Zee, RD Zachariah, MR AF Havey, Daniel K. Bueno, Pedro A. Gillis, Keith A. Hodges, Joseph T. Mulholland, George W. van Zee, Roger D. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Photoacoustic Spectrometer with a Calculable Cell Constant for Measurements of Gases and Aerosols SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID O-2 A-BAND; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CAVITY RING; BLACK CARBON; LINE PARAMETERS; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENTS; UNCERTAINTY; VALIDATION AB We benchmark the performance of a photoacoustic spectrometer with a calculable cell constant in applications related to climate change measurements. As presently implemented, this spectrometer has a detection limit of 3.1 x 10(-9) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) for absorption by a gas and 1.5 x 10(-8) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) for soot particles. Non-statistical uncertainty limited the accuracy of the instrument to similar to 1%, and measurements of the concentration of CO(2) in laboratory air agreed with measurements made using a cavity ring-down spectrometer, to within 1%. Measurements of the enhanced absorption resulting from ultrathin (<5 nm), nonabsorbing coatings on nanoscale soot particles demonstrate the sensitivity of this instrument. Together, these measurements show the instrument's ability to quantitatively measure the absorption coefficient for species of interest to the climate and atmospheric science communities. Because the system constant is known, in most applications the acoustic response of this instrument need not be calibrated against a sample of known optical density, a decided advantage in field applications. Routine enhancements, such as improved processing of the photoacoustic signal and higher laser beam power, should further increase the instrument's precision and sensitivity. C1 [Havey, Daniel K.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Havey, Daniel K.; Bueno, Pedro A.; Gillis, Keith A.; Hodges, Joseph T.; Mulholland, George W.; van Zee, Roger D.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bueno, Pedro A.; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bueno, Pedro A.; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Havey, DK (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. FU National Research Council FX D. K. Havey received support from the National Research Council as a postdoctoral fellow at NIST. K. L. Plath is thanked for providing assistance with CRDS measurements of CO2 concentrations in laboratory air. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 19 BP 7935 EP 7942 DI 10.1021/ac101366e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 655NT UT WOS:000282257400012 PM 20804170 ER PT J AU Restrepo, VR Diaz, GA Walter, JF Neilson, JD Campana, SE Secor, D Wingate, RL AF Restrepo, Victor R. Diaz, Guillermo A. Walter, John F. Neilson, John D. Campana, Steven E. Secor, David Wingate, Rebecca L. TI Updated estimate of the growth curve of Western Atlantic bluefin tuna SO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic bluefin tuna; Thunnus thynnus; Western stock; Growth; von Bertalanffy ID THUNNUS-MACCOYII; AGE AB The curve used until recently by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) to represent the growth of western Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, was estimated using tagging information and modal sizes that corresponded primarily to very young fish (ages 1-3, primarily). The estimated maximum average size from this curve is very large (382 cm), which could be a result of the scarcity of large bluefin in the data used. Recently, scientists have developed techniques for reading ages from bluefin ear bones (otoliths); the accuracy of the age readings has been validated with bomb radiocarbon dating. These age readings are primarily for large bluefin (ages 5 and older), and indicate slower growth and older ages than was previously assumed. However, an analysis of these data resulted in growth curves that predicted very small mean sizes for the youngest age group, which could be a result of the lack of small fish in the data used. In this study, we combine the otolith-based age readings with the size frequency distributions of small (ages 1-3) bluefin caught by purse seiners in the 1970s where the age groups are distinctly statistically as well as visible to the eye. We analyzed the two datasets jointly using a maximum likelihood approach and assumed that variability in length-at-age increases with age. The resulting growth curve predicts sizes at young and old ages that are very consistent with observed data such as the maximum sizes observed in the catch and the modal sizes for very young bluefin. The resulting curve is also very similar to the curve used by ICCAT for eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean bluefin. C1 [Restrepo, Victor R.] Int Seafood Sustainabil Fdn, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Diaz, Guillermo A.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Walter, John F.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Neilson, John D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Campana, Steven E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Secor, David; Wingate, Rebecca L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Restrepo, VR (reprint author), Int Seafood Sustainabil Fdn, POB 11110, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM vrestrepo@iss-foundation.org RI Campana, Steven/C-3420-2013 OI Campana, Steven/0000-0001-8802-3976 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 26 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0990-7440 J9 AQUAT LIVING RESOUR JI Aquat. Living Resour. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1051/alr/2011004 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 716MU UT WOS:000286975000001 ER PT J AU Day, BM Rappengluck, B Clements, CB Tucker, SC Brewer, WA AF Day, Bridget M. Rappenglueck, Bernhard Clements, Craig B. Tucker, Sara C. Brewer, W. Alan TI Nocturnal boundary layer characteristics and land breeze development in Houston, Texas during TexAQS II SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE TexAQS II; Tethersonde; Urban nocturnal boundary layer; Inversion height; Land breeze ID GREATER ATHENS AREA; MIXING HEIGHT; SEA-BREEZE; AIR-POLLUTION; URBAN; DISTRIBUTIONS; CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; INVERSION AB The nocturnal boundary layer in Houston, Texas was studied using a high temporal and vertical resolution tethersonde system on four nights during the Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS II) in August and September 2006. The launch site was on the University of Houston campus located approximately 4 km from downtown Houston. Of particular interest was the evolution of the nocturnal surface inversion and the wind flows within the boundary layer. The land-sea breeze oscillation in Houston has important implications for air quality as the cycle can impact ozone concentrations through pollutant advection and recirculation. The results showed that a weakly stable surface inversion averaging in depth between 145 and 200 m AGL formed on each of the experiment nights, typically within 2-3 h after sunset. Tethersonde vertical winds were compared with two other Houston data sets (High Resolution Doppler Lidar and radar wind profiler) from locations near the coastline and good agreement was found, albeit with a temporal lag at the tethersonde site. This comparison revealed development of a land breeze on three nights which began near the coastline and propagated inland both horizontally and vertically with time. The vertical temperature structure was significantly modified on one night at the tethersonde site after the land breeze wind shift, exhibiting near-adiabatic profiles below 100 m AGL. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Day, Bridget M.; Rappenglueck, Bernhard; Clements, Craig B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Tucker, Sara C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tucker, Sara C.; Brewer, W. Alan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rappengluck, B (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM brappenglueck@uh.edu RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013 FU Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ); Houston Advanced Research Center FX We are grateful for financial support from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) and Houston Advanced Research Center. We would like to thank Bryan Lambeth (TCEQ) and Wayne Angevine (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory) for providing the La Porte wind profiler data set. Special thanks go to Ryan Perna, Leo Pedemonte, Fong Ngan, Soontae Kim, HyunCheol Kim, and Xiangshang Li for data collection and analysis assistance. Two anonymous reviewers also provided valuable comments that improved this manuscript. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 44 IS 33 SI SI BP 4014 EP 4023 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.031 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 663ER UT WOS:000282866300003 ER PT J AU Wright, ME Atkinson, DB Ziemba, L Griffin, R Hiranuma, N Brooks, S Lefer, B Flynn, J Perna, R Rappengluck, B Luke, W Kelley, P AF Wright, Monica E. Atkinson, Dean B. Ziemba, Luke Griffin, Robert Hiranuma, Naruki Brooks, Sarah Lefer, Barry Flynn, James Perna, Ryan Rappenglueck, Bernhard Luke, Winston Kelley, Paul TI Extensive aerosol optical properties and aerosol mass related measurements during TRAMP/TexAQS 2006-Implications for PM compliance and planning SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Urban air quality; PM; Aerosol optical properties; AMS; Particle size distribution ID SPECTROMETER; PARTICLES AB Extensive aerosol optical properties, particle size distributions, and Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer measurements collected during TRAMP/TexAQS 2006 were examined in light of collocated meteorological and chemical measurements. Much of the evident variability in the observed aerosol-related air quality is due to changing synoptic meteorological situations that direct emissions from various sources to the TRAMP site near the center of the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) metropolitan area. In this study, five distinct long-term periods have been identified. During each of these periods, observed aerosol properties have implications that are of interest to environmental quality management agencies. During three of the periods, long range transport (LRT), both intra-continental and intercontinental, appears to have played an important role in producing the observed aerosol. During late August 2006, southerly winds brought super-micron Saharan dust and sea salt to the HGB area, adding mass to fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) measurements, but apparently not affecting secondary particle growth or gas-phase air pollution. A second type of LRT was associated with northerly winds in early September 2006 and with increased ozone and sub-micron particulate matter in the HGB area. Later in the study, LRT of emissions from wildfires appeared to increase the abundance of absorbing aerosols (and carbon monoxide and other chemical tracers) in the HGB area. However, the greatest impacts on Houston PM(2.5) air quality are caused by periods with low-wind-speed sea breeze circulation or winds that directly transport pollutants from major industrial areas, i.e., the Houston Ship Channel, into the city center. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wright, Monica E.; Atkinson, Dean B.] Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Ziemba, Luke; Griffin, Robert] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hiranuma, Naruki; Brooks, Sarah] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lefer, Barry; Flynn, James; Perna, Ryan; Rappenglueck, Bernhard] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Luke, Winston; Kelley, Paul] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Atkinson, DB (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM AtkinsonD@pdx.edu RI Brooks, Sarah/H-1176-2012; Hiranuma, Naruki/D-3780-2014; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; Kelley, Paul/C-9155-2016; OI Hiranuma, Naruki/0000-0001-7790-4807; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) [H78]; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) [582-5-64594]; National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration [NA05OAR4310108] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) for supporting and funding Projects H78. In addition we would like to thank the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for supporting and funding this research under grant 582-5-64594. DBA acknowledges support from the Atmospheric Composition and Climate program at the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration through award number NA05OAR4310108. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 44 IS 33 SI SI BP 4035 EP 4044 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.055 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 663ER UT WOS:000282866300005 ER PT J AU Brooks, S Luke, W Cohen, M Kelly, P Lefer, B Rappengluck, B AF Brooks, Steven Luke, Winston Cohen, Mark Kelly, Paul Lefer, Barry Rappenglueck, Bernhard TI Mercury species measured atop the Moody Tower TRAMP site, Houston, Texas SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Houston; TexAQS-II; Mercury; GEM; RGM; FPM ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; AMBIENT AIR; PARTICULATE MERCURY AB Atmospheric mercury speciation was monitored within Houston, Texas, USA, August 6-October 14, 2006 as part of the TexAQS Radical and Aerosol Measurement Program (TRAMP). On average, all mercury levels were significantly elevated compared to a rural Gulf of Mexico coastal site. Concentrations varied from very clean to very dirty. Multi-day periods of stagnant or low-wind conditions brought elevated concentrations of all mercury species, whereas multi-day periods of strong winds, particularly southerly winds off the Gulf of Mexico, brought very low values of mercury species. Over the entire mercury measurement period, the daily averages of mercury species showed distinct and consistent relationships with the average planetary boundary layer dynamics, with gaseous elemental and particulate-bound mercury near-surface concentrations enhanced by a shallow nocturnal boundary layer, and reactive gaseous mercury concentration enhanced by midday convective boundary layer air entrainment transporting air aloft to the surface. Mercury concentrations were not significantly correlated with known products of combustion, likely indicating non-combustion mercury sources from the Houston area petrochemical complexes. On the morning of August 31, 2006 an observed emission event at a refinery complex on the Houston Ship Channel resulted in extremely high concentrations of aerosol mass and particulate-bound mercury at the TRAMP measurement site 20 km downwind. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brooks, Steven; Luke, Winston; Cohen, Mark; Kelly, Paul] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Liaison Canaan Valley Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Lefer, Barry; Rappenglueck, Bernhard] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Brooks, S (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Liaison Canaan Valley Inst, 456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM steve.brooks@noaa.gov RI Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; OI Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) [H78]; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) [582-5-64594-FY07-02] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) for supporting and funding Project H78 and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for supporting and funding this research under grant 582-5-64594-FY07-02. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 44 IS 33 SI SI BP 4045 EP 4055 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.009 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 663ER UT WOS:000282866300006 ER PT J AU Luke, WT Kelley, P Lefer, BL Flynn, J Rappengluck, B Leuchner, M Dibb, JE Ziemba, LD Anderson, CH Buhr, M AF Luke, Winston T. Kelley, Paul Lefer, Barry L. Flynn, James Rappenglueck, Bernhard Leuchner, Michael Dibb, Jack E. Ziemba, Luke D. Anderson, Casey H. Buhr, Martin TI Measurements of primary trace gases and NOy composition in Houston, Texas SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NOy budget; Ozone photochemistry; Air quality; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon monoxide; Houston; TEXAQS-II ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; OZONE FORMATION; NITROUS-ACID; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; ANALYZERS; COLORADO; DETECTOR; URBAN AB Concentrations of CO, SO2, NO, NO2, and NOy were measured atop the University of Houston's Moody Tower supersite during the 2006 TexAQS-II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP). The lowest concentrations of all primary and secondary species were observed in clean marine air in southerly flow. SO2 concentrations were usually low, but increased dramatically in sporadic midday plumes advected from sources in the Houston Ship Channel (HSC), located NE of the site. Concentrations of CO and NO displayed large diurnal variations in keeping with their co-emission by mobile sources in the Houston Metropolitan Area (HMA). CO/NOx emission ratios of 5.81 +/- 0.94 were observed in the morning rush hour. Nighttime concentrations of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) and NOy (NOy = NO + NO2 + NO3 + HNO3 + HONO + 2*N2O5 + HO2NO2 + PANs + RONO2 + p-NO (3) over bar + ... ) were highest in winds from the NNW-NE due to emission from mobile sources. Median ratios of NOx/NOy were approximately 0.9 overnight, reflecting the persistence and/or generation of NOz (NOz = NOy - NOx) species in the nighttime Houston boundary layer, and approached unity in the morning rush hour. Daytime concentrations of NOx and NOy were highest in winds from the HSC. NO5/NOy ratios reached their minimum values (median ca 0.63) from 1300 to 1500 CST, near local solar noon, and air masses often retained enough NOx to sustain additional O-3 formation farther downwind. HNO3 and PANs comprised the dominant NO2 species in the HMA, and on a median basis represented 17-20% and 12-15% of NOy, respectively, at midday. Concentrations of HNO3, PANs, and NOz, and fractional contributions of these species to NOy, were at a maximum in NE flow, reflecting the source strength and reactivity of precursor emissions in the HSC. As a result, daytime O-3 concentrations were highest in air masses with HSC influence. Overall, our findings confirm the impact of the HSC as a dominant source region within the HMA. A comparison of total NOy measurements with the sum of measured NOy species (NOyi = NOx + HNO3 + PANs + HONO + p-NO (3) over bar) yielded excellent overall agreement during both day ([NOy](ppb) = ([ NOyi](ppb)*1.03 +/- 0.16) - 0.42; r(2) = 0.9933) and night ([NOy](ppb) = (([NOyi](ppb)*1.01 +/- .16) + 0.18: r(2) = 0.9975). A similar comparison between NOy-NOx concentrations and the sum of NOzi (NOzi = HNO3 + PANs + HONO + p-NO (3) over bar) yielded good overall agreement during the day ([NOz](PPb) = (([NOzi](PPb)*1.01 +/- 0.30) + 0.044 ppb; r(2) = 0.8527) and at night (([NOz](ppb) = ([NOzi](ppb)*1.12 +/- 0.69) + 0.16 ppb; r(2) = 0.6899). Median ratios of NOz/NOzi; were near unity during daylight hours but increased to approximately 1.2 overnight, a difference of 0.15-0.50 ppb. Differences between NO2 and NOzi rarely exceeded combined measurement uncertainties, and variations in NOz/NOzi ratios may have resulted solely from errors in conversion efficiencies of NOy species and changes in NOy comosition. However, nighttime NOz/NOzi ratios and the magnitude of NO2 - NOzi differences were generally consistent with recent observations of ClNO2 in the nocturnal Houston boundary layer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luke, Winston T.; Kelley, Paul] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lefer, Barry L.; Flynn, James; Rappenglueck, Bernhard; Leuchner, Michael] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Dibb, Jack E.; Ziemba, Luke D.; Anderson, Casey H.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Buhr, Martin] Air Qual Design Inc, Golden, CO USA. RP Luke, WT (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Winston.Luke@noaa.gov RI Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; Kelley, Paul/C-9155-2016; OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; Leuchner, Michael/0000-0002-0927-2622; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC); Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for supporting and funding this research. We would also like to thank Dr. Jochen Stutz (UCLA) for providing us with the DOAS data sets. Ms. Marcia Wood (NOAA/ARL) provided extensive support for travel, logistical, and budget considerations. Mention of commercial brands, manufacturer, or supplier does not imply or constitute official endorsement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, or United States government. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 44 IS 33 SI SI BP 4068 EP 4080 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 663ER UT WOS:000282866300008 ER PT J AU Flynn, J Lefer, B Rappengluck, B Leuchner, M Perna, R Dibb, J Ziemba, L Anderson, C Stutz, J Brune, W Ren, XR Mao, JQ Luke, W Olson, J Chen, G Crawford, J AF Flynn, James Lefer, Barry Rappenglueck, Bernhard Leuchner, Michael Perna, Ryan Dibb, Jack Ziemba, Luke Anderson, Casey Stutz, Jochen Brune, William Ren, Xinrong Mao, Jingqiu Luke, Winston Olson, Jennifer Chen, Gao Crawford, James TI Impact of clouds and aerosols on ozone production in Southeast Texas SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE TexAQS-II; TRAMP; Photolysis rates; Ozone production; Radiative transfer model; Photochemical box model ID PHOTOLYSIS RATE COEFFICIENT; MEXICO-CITY; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; TRACE-P; RATES; NO2; SENSITIVITY; FREQUENCIES; PROFILES AB A radiative transfer model and photochemical box model are used to examine the effects of clouds and aerosols on actinic flux and photolysis rates, and the impacts of changes in photolysis rates on ozone production and destruction rates in a polluted urban environment like Houston, Texas. During the TexAQS-II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project the combined cloud and aerosol effects reduced j(NO2) photolysis frequencies by nominally 17%, while aerosols reduced j(NO2) by 3% on six clear sky days. Reductions in actinic flux due to attenuation by clouds and aerosols correspond to reduced net ozone formation rates with a nearly one-to-one relationship. The overall reduction in the net ozone production rate due to reductions in photolysis rates by clouds and aerosols was approximately 8 ppbv h(-1). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Flynn, James; Lefer, Barry; Rappenglueck, Bernhard; Leuchner, Michael; Perna, Ryan] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Dibb, Jack; Ziemba, Luke; Anderson, Casey] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Brune, William; Ren, Xinrong; Mao, Jingqiu] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Luke, Winston] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Olson, Jennifer; Chen, Gao; Crawford, James] NASA, Chem & Dynam Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Lefer, B (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM blefer@uh.edu RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Leuchner, Michael/0000-0002-0927-2622 FU Houston Advanced Research Center; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality FX We would like to thank the Houston Advanced Research Center and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality for their financial support. We would also like to thank the USDA-UVB monitoring program, Fong Ngan, Daewon Byun, and Mark Estes for providing assistance in data analysis and guidance. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 44 IS 33 SI SI BP 4126 EP 4133 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 663ER UT WOS:000282866300014 ER PT J AU Acharya, AP Dolgova, NV Moore, NM Xia, CQ Clare-Salzler, MJ Becker, ML Gallant, ND Keselowsky, BG AF Acharya, Abhinav P. Dolgova, Natalia V. Moore, Nicole M. Xia, Chang-Qing Clare-Salzler, Michael J. Becker, Matthew L. Gallant, Nathan D. Keselowsky, Benjamin G. TI The modulation of dendritic cell integrin binding and activation by RGD-peptide density gradient substrates SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dendritic cell; Cell adhesion; Biomimetic; RGD peptide; High-throughput; Immune response ID ADAPTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS; MACROPHAGE BEHAVIOR; ADSORBED PROTEINS; IN-VITRO; T-CELLS; ADHESION AB Dendritic cells (DCs) are central regulators of the immune system that operate in both innate and adaptive branches of immunity. Activation of DC by numerous factors, such as danger signals, has been well established. However, modulation of DC functions through adhesion-based cues has only begun to be characterized. In this work, DCs were cultured on surfaces presenting a uniform gradient of the integrin-targeting RGD peptide generated using the recently established "universal gradient substrate for click biofunctionalization" methodology. Surface expression of activation markers (costimulatory molecule CD86 and stimulatory molecule MHC-II) and production of cytokines IL-10 and IL-12p40 of adherent DCs was quantified in situ. Additionally, bound alpha(V) integrin was quantified in situ using a biochemical cross-linking/extraction method. Our findings demonstrate that DCs upregulated CD86, MHC-II, IL-10, IL-12p40 and alpha(V) integrin binding as a function of RGD surface density, with production of IL-12p40 being the marker most sensitive to RGD surface density. Surface expression of activation markers demonstrated moderate correlation with alpha(V) integrin binding, while cytokine production was highly correlated with alpha(V) integrin binding. This work demonstrates the utility of the surface density gradient platform as a high-throughput method to investigate RGD density-dependent DC adhesive responses. Furthermore, this quantitative analysis of DC integrin-based activation represents a first of its type, helping to establish the field of adhesion-based modulation of DCs as a general mechanism that has previously not been defined, and informs the rational design of biomimetic biomaterials for immunomodulation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dolgova, Natalia V.; Keselowsky, Benjamin G.] Univ Florida, J Crayton Pruitt Family Dept Biomed Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Moore, Nicole M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xia, Chang-Qing; Clare-Salzler, Michael J.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Gallant, Nathan D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Keselowsky, BG (reprint author), Univ Florida, J Crayton Pruitt Family Dept Biomed Engn, 130 BME POB 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bkeselowsky@bme.ufl.edu RI Acharya, Abhinav/J-8384-2013; OI Gallant, Nathan/0000-0001-6454-7660 FU Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation; NRC/NIST; Innovation in Measurement Science Award FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (BGK), an NRC/NIST postdoctoral fellowship (NMM) and an Innovation in Measurement Science Award (MLB). Note: certain equipment, instruments or materials are identified in this paper in order to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 70 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD OCT PY 2010 VL 31 IS 29 BP 7444 EP 7454 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.025 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 642DG UT WOS:000281183200004 PM 20637504 ER PT J AU Kadison, E D'Alessandro, EK Davis, GO Hood, PB AF Kadison, Elizabeth D'Alessandro, Evan K. Davis, Gideon O. Hood, Peter B. TI AGE, GROWTH, AND REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS OF THE GREAT BARRACUDA, SPHYRAENA BARRACUDA, FROM THE FLORIDA KEYS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEAGRASS BEDS; REEF FISHES; CORAL-REEF; MANGROVES; HABITATS; NURSERY AB Age, growth, and reproductive aspects of the great barracuda, Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum, 1792), were examined in 467 individuals ranging from 182 to 1348 mm fork length (FL), collected in the vicinity of the Florida Keys from 1996 through 1998. Marginal increment analysis of sectioned sagittal otoliths indicated that a single annulus is formed each year during winter-spring. Male ages ranged from 0.7 to 11.3 yrs old, and female from 0.7 to 18.4 yrs old. The combined-sex von Bertalanffy growth model was L(t) = 1236.4(1-exp[-0.26(t + 0.71)]), and indicated faster growth than previous estimates. Most males matured between 1 and 2 yrs of age (626-806 mm fork length, FL) and females between 2 and 4 yrs of age (710-985 mm FL). Based on gonad analyses and monthly length-frequency histograms of 510 juveniles collected in Florida Bay from 1994 to 1996, spawning and ingress of young-of-the-year into shallow nearshore habitats occurs from spring through fall. These data differ from previous studies, and should be considered in future stock analyses of S. barracuda. C1 [D'Alessandro, Evan K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kadison, Elizabeth] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Davis, Gideon O.] Healthpoint Ltd, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Hood, Peter B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP D'Alessandro, EK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM edalessa@rsmas.miami.edu FU Department of the Interior, U.S Fish and Wildlife Service [F-43] FX We thank P. Barbera, Capt. L. Robinson, Capt. D. DeMaria, T. Dunmire, and C. Humphrey for providing us with many of the adult barracuda used in this study; B. Gibbs, L. Anderson and the rest of the staff at Keys Marine Laboratory for their assistance; J. Colvocoressess, A. Acosta, R. Bertleson, D. Merryman, C. Bartels and G. Delgado for their guidance and assistance. J. Serafy, T. MacDonald, D. Adams, and M. Fitchett provided comments that substantially improved an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank J. Quinn and J. Leiby for their valuable editorial comments. This work was funded in part from the Department of the Interior, U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid for Sportfish Restoration, Project F-43, and by funds from the proceeds of the sale of Florida recreational fishing licenses. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 22 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 86 IS 4 BP 773 EP 784 DI 10.5343/bms.2009.1070 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 668PI UT WOS:000283281600001 ER PT J AU Driggers, WB Burgess, GH Hamilton, AN Hopkins, NM Schobernd, CM AF Driggers, William B., III Burgess, George H. Hamilton, Alonzo N., Jr. Hopkins, Nicholas M. Schobernd, Christina M. TI SQUALIOLUS LATICAUDUS IN THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN: DISTRIBUTIONAL AND LIFE HISTORY OBSERVATIONS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; 1ST RECORD; SHARK AB The spined pygmy shark (Squaliolus laticaudus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912) is among the smallest known species of sharks and despite its wide distribution, fewer than 100 specimens have been reported globally. On 28 October 2007, 24 spined pygmy sharks, with total lengths ranging from 120 to 210 mm, were collected in a single deepwater trawl in the northern Gulf of Mexico. All specimens, with the exception of two females, were immature. Follicle conditions in the two mature females indicated that vitellogenesis and gestation are consecutive. The stomachs of six specimens contained single cephalopod or teleost prey. Our catch and examinations of museum accessed specimens confirm the questioned presence of spined pygmy sharks in the Gulf of Mexico and demonstrate that it is more widely distributed in the western North Atlantic Ocean than previously known. C1 [Driggers, William B., III; Hamilton, Alonzo N., Jr.; Hopkins, Nicholas M.; Schobernd, Christina M.] Se Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), Se Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 86 IS 4 BP 831 EP 838 DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1009 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 668PI UT WOS:000283281600005 ER PT J AU Shapiro, M Shukla, J Brunet, G Nobre, C Beland, M Dole, R Trenberth, K Anthes, R Asrar, G Barrie, L Bougeault, P Brasseur, G Burridge, D Busalacchi, A Caughey, J Chen, DL Church, J Enomoto, T Hoskins, B Hov, O Laing, A Le Treut, H Marotzke, J McBean, G Meehl, G Miller, M Mills, B Mitchell, J Moncrieff, M Nakazawa, T Olafsson, H Palmer, T Parsons, D Rogers, D Simmons, A Troccoli, A Toth, Z Uccellini, L Velden, C Wallace, JM AF Shapiro, Melvyn Shukla, Jagadish Brunet, Gilbert Nobre, Carlos Beland, Michel Dole, Randall Trenberth, Kevin Anthes, Richard Asrar, Ghassem Barrie, Leonard Bougeault, Philippe Brasseur, Guy Burridge, David Busalacchi, Antonio Caughey, Jim Chen, Deliang Church, John Enomoto, Takeshi Hoskins, Brian Hov, Oystein Laing, Arlene Le Treut, Herve Marotzke, Jochem McBean, Gordon Meehl, Gerald Miller, Martin Mills, Brian Mitchell, John Moncrieff, Mitchell Nakazawa, Tetsuo Olafsson, Haraldur Palmer, Tim Parsons, David Rogers, David Simmons, Adrian Troccoli, Alberto Toth, Zoltan Uccellini, Louis Velden, Christopher Wallace, John M. TI AN EARTH-SYSTEM PREDICTION INITIATIVE FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALBEDO ENHANCEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIMULATIONS; IMPACT; WORLD; MODEL C1 [Shapiro, Melvyn; Trenberth, Kevin; Laing, Arlene; Meehl, Gerald; Moncrieff, Mitchell] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shapiro, Melvyn] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Shukla, Jagadish] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Shukla, Jagadish] Inst Global Environm & Soc, Calverton, MD USA. [Brunet, Gilbert; Beland, Michel] Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Nobre, Carlos] Natl Inst Space Res, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Dole, Randall; Toth, Zoltan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Anthes, Richard] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Asrar, Ghassem] World Meteorol Org, World Climate Res Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Barrie, Leonard] World Meteorol Org, Atmospher Res & Environm Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Brasseur, Guy] Climate Serv Ctr, Hamburg, Germany. [Bougeault, Philippe] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Burridge, David; Caughey, Jim] World Meteorol Org, World Weather Res Programme, THORPEX, Geneva, Switzerland. [Busalacchi, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Deliang] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Chen, Deliang] Int Council Sci, Paris, France. [Church, John] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Church, John] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Enomoto, Takeshi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Earth Simulator Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Hoskins, Brian] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Hoskins, Brian] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst, London, England. [Hov, Oystein] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Le Treut, Herve] Meteorol Dynam Lab, Palaiseau, France. [Marotzke, Jochem] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [McBean, Gordon] Univ Western Ontario, Inst Catastroph Loss Reduct, London, ON, Canada. [Miller, Martin; Palmer, Tim; Simmons, Adrian] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Mills, Brian] Environm Canada, Adaptat & Impacts Res Div, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Mitchell, John] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Olafsson, Haraldur] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Olafsson, Haraldur] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Palmer, Tim] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Rogers, David] Hlth & Climate Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Troccoli, Alberto] Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Reading, Berks, England. [Uccellini, Louis] NOAA, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Velden, Christopher] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Wallace, John M.] Univ Washington, Dept Meteorol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mshapiro@ucar.edu RI Troccoli, Alberto/A-1477-2012; Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012; Church, John/A-1541-2012; Chen, Deliang/A-5107-2013; nakazawa, tetsuo/P-9063-2014; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015; OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000; Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194; Chen, Deliang/0000-0003-0288-5618; Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194; Enomoto, Takeshi/0000-0003-1946-1168; Palmer, Tim/0000-0002-7121-2196 FU National Science Foundation FX NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation NR 44 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1377 EP 1388 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2944.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680BK UT WOS:000284206300004 ER PT J AU Brunet, G Shapiro, M Hoskins, B Moncrieff, M Dole, R Kiladis, GN Kirtman, B Lorenc, A Mills, B Morss, R Polavarapu, S Rogers, D Schaake, J Shukla, J AF Brunet, Gilbert Shapiro, Melvyn Hoskins, Brian Moncrieff, Mitch Dole, Randall Kiladis, George N. Kirtman, Ben Lorenc, Andrew Mills, Brian Morss, Rebecca Polavarapu, Saroja Rogers, David Schaake, John Shukla, Jagadish TI COLLABORATION OF THE WEATHER AND CLIMATE COMMUNITIES TO ADVANCE SUBSEASONAL-TO-SEASONAL PREDICTION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; SOIL-MOISTURE; PART I; FORECASTS; MODEL; ASSIMILATION C1 [Brunet, Gilbert] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Moncrieff, Mitch; Morss, Rebecca] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Shapiro, Melvyn] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Hoskins, Brian] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst Climate Change, London, England. [Hoskins, Brian] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Dole, Randall; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kirtman, Ben] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lorenc, Andrew] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Mills, Brian] Environm Canada, Adaptat & Impacts Res Div, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Polavarapu, Saroja] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rogers, David] Hlth & Climate Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Schaake, John] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Shukla, Jagadish] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, MD USA. RP Brunet, G (reprint author), Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, 2121 Voie Serv Nord,Route Trans Canadienne, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. EM gilbert.brunet@ec.gc.ca NR 28 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1397 EP 1406 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3013.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680BK UT WOS:000284206300006 ER PT J AU MacFarlane, RB AF MacFarlane, R. Bruce TI Energy dynamics and growth of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Central Valley of California during the estuarine phase and first ocean year SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; DIEL FEEDING CHRONOLOGY; COHO SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRASER-RIVER; EL-NINO; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURE AB The greatest rates of energy accumulation and growth in subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) occurred during the first month following ocean entry, supporting the importance of this critical period. Data from an 11-year study in the coastal ocean off California and the San Francisco Estuary revealed that juvenile salmon gained 3.2 kJ.day(-1) and 0.8 g.day(-1), representing 4.3%.day(-1) and 5.2% day(-1), respectively, relative to estuary exit values. Little gain in energy (0.28 kJ.day(-1)) or size (0.07 g.day(-1))occurred in the estuary, indicating that the nursery function typically ascribed to estuaries can be deferred to initial ocean residence. Calculated northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) equivalents to meet energy gains were one anchovy per day in the estuary (8% body weight.day(-1)) and about three per day immediately following ocean entry (15% body weight.day(-1)). Energy content in the estuary was positively related to higher salinity and lower freshwater outflow, whereas in the ocean, cooler temperatures, lower sea level, and greater upwelling resulted in greater gains. These results suggest that greater freshwater flows, warmer sea temperatures, and reduced or delayed upwelling, all of which are indicated by some (but not all) climate models, will likely decrease growth of juvenile Chinook salmon, leading to reduced survival. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP MacFarlane, RB (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Bruce.MacFarlane@noaa.gov NR 78 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 67 IS 10 BP 1549 EP 1565 DI 10.1139/F10-080 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 659TG UT WOS:000282589200002 ER PT J AU Forrest, RE McAllister, MK Dorn, MW Martell, SJD Stanley, RD AF Forrest, Robyn E. McAllister, Murdoch K. Dorn, Martin W. Martell, Steven J. D. Stanley, Richard D. TI Hierarchical Bayesian estimation of recruitment parameters and reference points for Pacific rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) under alternative assumptions about the stock-recruit function SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; LIFE-HISTORY PARAMETERS; WEST-COAST GROUNDFISH; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; EXPLOITATION RATES; HARVEST RATES; FISH STOCKS; METAANALYSIS; GROWTH; SELECTIVITY AB Hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis can be a useful method for improving estimation of key parameters for harvested fish populations. In hierarchical models, data from multiple populations are used simultaneously to obtain estimates of parameters for individual populations and characterize the variability among populations. Many populations of Pacific rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) have declined off the US West Coast since the 1980s, and there is also concern for their conservation in Canada. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis to improve estimates of stock-recruit parameters, characterize management-related parameters (e.g., optimal harvest rate), and address uncertainties in the structural form of the stock-recruit function for Pacific rockfishes. We estimate steepness and optimal harvest rates for 14 populations of Pacific rockfishes under alternative assumptions about the underlying stock-recruit function (Beverton-Holt and Ricker). We provide a posterior predictive distribution of steepness for rockfishes that can be used as a prior in future assessments for similar populations. We also evaluate whether F(40%) is an appropriate proxy for F(MSY) for Pacific rockfishes and show that uncertainty in the natural mortality rate can have a significant effect on management advice derived from meta-analyses of stock-recruit data. C1 [Stanley, Richard D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Forrest, Robyn E.; McAllister, Murdoch K.; Martell, Steven J. D.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Dorn, Martin W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Forrest, RE (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM Robyn.Forrest@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada at the University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre FX This study was funded by a sole contract granted to R. F. from Fisheries and Oceans Canada during R. F.'s term at the University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre. Data were supplied by the US National Marine Fisheries Service (Alaska Fisheries Science Center). We are very grateful to Pamela Mace and one anonymous reviewer for detailed advice that greatly improved the manuscript. Josh Korman, Paul Starr, Rowan Haigh, and Andrew Edwards also provided helpful suggestions during the development of this work. NR 83 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 67 IS 10 BP 1611 EP 1634 DI 10.1139/F10-077 PG 24 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 659TG UT WOS:000282589200006 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Hoff, GR De Robertis, A AF Rooper, Christopher N. Hoff, Gerald R. De Robertis, Alex TI Assessing habitat utilization and rockfish (Sebastes spp.) biomass on an isolated rocky ridge using acoustics and stereo image analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN PERCH; SITU TARGET STRENGTH; WIDOW ROCKFISH; HECETA BANK; SEBASTOLOBUS-ALASCANUS; UNTRAWLABLE AREAS; TRAWL SURVEY; DEEP-REEF; ABUNDANCE; OREGON AB For those marine fish species with specific habitat preferences, a habitat-based assessment may provide an alternative to traditional surveys. We conducted a habitat-based acoustic and stereo image stock assessment survey for rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) on a rocky ridge habitat in the eastern Bering Sea. Video analysis suggested that juvenile and adult rockfishes were more abundant on the seafloor in the rocky ridge area than on the surrounding sandy flats. Over the ridges, the distribution of rockfishes was uniformly low in the water column during nighttime surveys and higher during daytime surveys. The opposite pattern was observed in the video on the seafloor between night (high density) and day (lower density), indicating that fish in the water column during the day moved to the seafloor at night. Mean biomass of adult rockfishes for the rocky ridges was 1.54 x 10(4) tonnes based on acoustic data. The biomass of juvenile fish was estimated to be 9.2 x 10(2) tonnes. Utilization of similar survey methodologies on a larger scale might improve assessment of rockfishes not only in Alaska, but also throughout their range where fishery-independent biomass estimates have been difficult to obtain. C1 [Rooper, Christopher N.; Hoff, Gerald R.; De Robertis, Alex] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chris.Rooper@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 67 IS 10 BP 1658 EP 1670 DI 10.1139/F10-088 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 659TG UT WOS:000282589200009 ER PT J AU Burla, M Baptista, AM Casillas, E Williams, JG Marsh, DM AF Burla, Michela Baptista, Antonio M. Casillas, Edmundo Williams, John G. Marsh, Douglas M. TI The influence of the Columbia River plume on the survival of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): a numerical exploration SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID 3D BAROCLINIC CIRCULATION; CROSS-SCALE MODEL; PACIFIC-SALMON; JUVENILE SALMON; SHELF SYSTEMS; EL-NINO; OSCILLATION; DISCHARGE; KISUTCH; SUMMER AB Are smolt-to-adult return rates (SARs) for wild steelhead (i.e., sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) and wild Snake River spring-summer Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) related to changes in the Columbia River plume at the time that juvenile migrants enter the ocean? We used three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of the baroclinic circulation in the Columbia River estuary-plume-shelf system to simulate within-season variation in plume size and location, comparing the results with SARs for each day that juvenile salmon entered the ocean for 1999-2003. We found that steelhead benefited from the plume environment at a narrow window of time around their ocean entry. However, when large-scale ocean conditions turned unfavorable, the contribution of local plume conditions to the overall variability in steelhead survival became not significant. A similar evaluation revealed that the plume did not affect survival of Chinook salmon, at least at the fine scale of variability considered. The differential response between the two species is consistent with observed and previously reported behavioral characteristics they exhibit. We speculate that steelhead mainly use the plume to move quickly away from coastal habitats and the predation pressures associated with this environment, for a more direct migration than Chinook salmon to ocean habitats in the Gulf of Alaska. C1 [Burla, Michela; Baptista, Antonio M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Natl Sci Fdn NSF Sci & Technol Ctr Coastal Margin, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Casillas, Edmundo; Williams, John G.; Marsh, Douglas M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Burla, M (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Natl Sci Fdn NSF Sci & Technol Ctr Coastal Margin, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM burla@stccmop.org OI Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [AB133F-04-CN-0033]; National Science Foundation [ACI-0121475, OCE-0424602] FX Funding for this research was provided in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (AB133F-04-CN-0033) and the National Science Foundation (ACI-0121475; OCE-0424602). The study relied on results of the CORIE modeling system. Within the CORIE team, thanks are due to Yinglong Zhang, Charles Seaton, and Paul Turner for the generation of the circulation databases and related information products. Charles Seaton also drew the map of the study area. We thank Mark D. Scheuerell and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. We also thank Barbara Hickey (University of Washington) for the cruise data used in Fig. 2b to assess model simulations. We are finally grateful to Sandra Oster for editorial advice in the preparation of the manuscript. Any statements, opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the federal sponsors, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 67 IS 10 BP 1671 EP 1684 DI 10.1139/F10-083 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 659TG UT WOS:000282589200010 ER PT J AU Tun, Z Noel, JJ Bohdanowicz, T Cao, LR Downing, RG Goncharova, LV AF Tun, Z. Noel, J. J. Bohdanowicz, Th. Cao, L. R. Downing, R. G. Goncharova, L. V. TI Cold-neutron depth profiling as a research tool for the study of surface oxides on metals SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A recent experiment at NIST has demonstrated that neutron depth profiling (NDP) based on the (n, alpha) reaction could be developed into a tool that could be routinely used for the study of passive oxides on metals. Whereas most metals are not (n, alpha) active, oxides grown with (17)O, the only (n, alpha) active oxygen isotope, can be observed and tracked by this technique. Problems due to contamination of the samples by boron were encountered, but were shown to be surmountable. For our samples, the NDP facility at NIST, as it exists today, has enough flux and energy resolution to separate the alpha particles emitted by (17)O from those emitted by (10)B. Substantial improvement in the data collection rate, easily achievable with arrays of additional detectors, will make NDP a useful tool in the study of passive oxides. C1 [Tun, Z.; Bohdanowicz, Th.] Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Noel, J. J.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Bohdanowicz, Th.] Univ Waterloo, Nanotechnol Engn Undergrad Program, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Cao, L. R.; Downing, R. G.] NIST, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cao, L. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Scott Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Goncharova, L. V.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Tun, Z (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. EM zin.tun@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Cao, Lei/B-3254-2012 OI Cao, Lei/0000-0003-4018-9496 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 88 IS 10 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1139/P10-062 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 676OQ UT WOS:000283922200008 ER PT J AU Cao, CY Uprety, S Xiong, J Wu, AS Jing, P Smith, D Chander, G Fox, N Ungar, S AF Cao, Changyong Uprety, Sirish Xiong, Jack Wu, Aisheng Jing, Ping Smith, David Chander, Gyanesh Fox, Nigel Ungar, Stephen TI Establishing the Antarctic Dome C community reference standard site towards consistent measurements from Earth observation satellites SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Establishing satellite measurement consistency by using common desert sites has become increasingly more important not only for climate change detection but also for quantitative retrievals of geophysical variables in satellite applications. Using the Antarctic Dome C site (75 degrees 06'S, 123 degrees 21'E, elevation 3.2 km) for satellite radiometric calibration and validation (Cal/Val) is of great interest owing to its unique location and characteristics. The site surface is covered with uniformly distributed permanent snow, and the atmospheric effect is small and relatively constant. In this study, the long-term stability and spectral characteristics of this site are evaluated using well-calibrated satellite instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). Preliminary results show that despite a few limitations, the site in general is stable in the long term, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model works well, and the site is most suitable for the Cal/Val of reflective solar bands in the 0.4-1.0 mu m range. It was found that for the past decade, the reflectivity change of the site is within 1.35% at 0.64 mu m, and interannual variability is within 2%. The site is able to resolve calibration biases between instruments at a level of similar to 1%. The usefulness of the site is demonstrated by comparing observations from seven satellite instruments involving four space agencies, including OrbView-2-SeaWiFS, Terra-Aqua MODIS, Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) - Hyperion, Meteorological Operational satellite programme (MetOp) - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Envisat Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) - dvanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). Dome C is a promising candidate site for climate quality calibration of satellite radiometers towards more consistent satellite measurements, as part of the framework for climate change detection and data quality assurance for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). C1 [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Uprety, Sirish] Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc PSGS, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Xiong, Jack; Ungar, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 21771 USA. [Wu, Aisheng] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Jing, Ping] IM Syst Grp Inc IMSG, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Smith, David] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Fox, Nigel] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 FU CEOS-WGCV Dome C project; NOAA NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research; NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) Integrated Program Office (IPO) FX This study is part of the CEOS-WGCV Dome C project during 2008-2009 in support of the CEOS Strategic Implementation Team (SIT) actions and the World Meteorological Organization - Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (WMO-GSICS). The study was partially funded by the NOAA NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) Integrated Program Office (IPO) - Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Cal/Val program, and the respective space agencies involved. The authors would like to thank Istvan Laszlo, Pubu Ciren, and Lawrence Flynn for fruitful discussions on the atmospheric effects at Dome C. We thank Pascal Lecomte, Philippe Goryl, and Marie-Claire Greening of ESA; Bruce Guenther, Heather Kilcoyne, and Ray Godin of the IPO; Greg Stenssas of USGS; Patrice Henry of CNES; Steve Mackin of DMC International Imaging (DMCII); Stephen Hudson of the University of Washington; Petya Campbell and Lawrence Ong of GSFC; and all participating CEOS-WGCV members for their facilitation and contributions to this study. We also thank Fangfang Yu, Frank Padula, Xiangqian Wu, and Bob Iacovazzi, and the anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable comments and suggestions. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US government. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 SI SI BP 498 EP 513 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V23QE UT WOS:000208356500007 ER PT J AU Yu, FF Wu, XQ AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian TI Water vapor correction to improve the operational calibration for NOAA AVHRR/3 channel 2 (0.85 mu m) over a desert target SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRRs) flown on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) polar satellites have been providing invaluable data for Earth system science and global change studies. However, the use of AVHRR solar reflectance products (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) is constrained by calibration uncertainty, largely owing to the lack of an on-orbit calibration device for solar reflectance channels. Since the mid-1990s, NOAA has been applying operational calibration to these channels using the time series of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) measurements of the Libyan Desert site. However, the assumed radiometric stability of Libyan Desert TOA measurements can be disrupted by short-term variations in atmospheric components, especially for AVHRR channel 2, which has a spectral response function covering water vapor absorption lines in the near-infrared (NIR) spectra. This study aims to improve the calibration accuracy of AVHRR channel 2 data by applying water vapor correction over the homogeneous desert target surface using the water vapor content (W) derived from the linear relationships between the AVHRR split-window temperature difference (Delta T) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NIR water vapor product. Results show that the linear Delta T-W relationship is affected by the temperature lapse rate at the satellite over-passing time and the spectral response functions of AVHRR split-window channels. Water vapor correction reduces the calibration uncertainty from 2.6%-3.5% to 1.7%-1.8%, and about 1.0% surface-based relative calibration accuracy is independent of the water vapor uncertainty introduced by the Delta T-Wregression. Furthermore, the short-term variations in the channel 2 operational degradation rate are largely reduced after water vapor correction. Thus, implementing water vapor correction can improve the operational calibration accuracy for AVHRR channel 2. C1 [Yu, Fangfang] Earth Resources Technol Inc ERT, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc ERT, 6100 Frost Pl, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU NOAA-NESDIS - Office of Systems Development (OSD) FX This work is funded by the Product Systems Development and Implementation (PSDI) program of the NOAA-NESDIS - Office of Systems Development (OSD). We would like to thank M. K. Rama Varama Raja, Pubu Ciren, Chenyang Xiao, Frank Padula, and Michael Grotenhuis for their review comments on this paper. We also appreciate the help from Quanhua Liu on the discussion of aerosol distribution on the water vapor absorption in the shortwave spectra. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US government. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 SI SI BP 514 EP 526 DI 10.5589/m10-077 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V23QE UT WOS:000208356500008 ER PT J AU Wu, XQ Sullivan, JT Heidinger, AK AF Wu, Xiangqian Sullivan, Jerry T. Heidinger, Andrew K. TI Operational calibration of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) visible and near-infrared channels SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) visible and near-infrared channels must be calibrated after launch to maintain the accuracy of data derived from these channels for quantitative utilizations. The postlaunch calibration of these channels can only be carried out vicariously. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - National Environmental Satellite, Data, an Information Service (NESDIS) has been using the Libyan Desert as reference for operational calibration of AVHRR visible and near-infrared channels since 1995. A previous algorithm was successful correcting for the long-term instrument degradation in recalibration but had difficulty updating instrument calibration in near-real-time operation. This paper describes the operational calibration algorithm implemented since 2003, which overcomes the existing shortcomings by reducing target contamination and accounting for the effects of target bidirectional reflectance distribution function. Application of the algorithm shortens the latency of postlaunch calibration from 3 to 4 years for NOAA-14 and NOAA-16 to less than 2 years for NOAA-17 and to a few months for later satellites. Compared with the previous algorithm, the current algorithm enhances the calibration precision from 1.7% to 0.9% for channel 1. C1 [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, Sensor Phys Branch, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR,NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, Adv Satellite Prod Team, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wu, XQ (reprint author), NOAA, Sensor Phys Branch, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR,NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xiangqian.Wu@noaa.gov RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU NOAA-NESDIS FX NOAA's AVHRR operational calibration was developed from the early work of C.R.N. Rao and associates, with contributions from N. Zhang, F. Sun, and F. Yu. The authors are grateful for the funding support from NOAA-NESDIS Product System Development and Implementation (PSDI) program, the moral support from M. Weinreb, and the helpful discussions with R. Galvin and J. Bobilya of ITT Industries. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 SI SI BP 602 EP 616 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V23QE UT WOS:000208356500014 ER PT J AU Wetherald, RT AF Wetherald, Richard T. TI Changes of time mean state and variability of hydrology in response to a doubling and quadrupling of CO2 SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; WATER AVAILABILITY; SUMMER DRYNESS; PART I; INCREASE; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY AB This paper examines the subject of hydrologic variability and its changes in two separate integrations of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA assuming a 1% per year increase to a doubling and quadrupling of CO2, respectively. Changes in time mean state and variability of precipitation, runoff and soil moisture are evaluated using monthly and seasonal mean data derived from these integrations. Various statistical tests are then performed on the resulting time mean and variability changes. The patterns of hydrologic change for these three quantities are similar to those obtained from previous studies. In northern middle to higher latitudes for the time means, the changes include increases in monthly mean precipitation, increases in monthly mean runoff during the fall, winter and spring seasons and decreases of monthly mean soil moisture during summer. Many of these changes are found to be statistically significant at the 5% significance level for both the time mean and variability especially for the results where CO2 is quadrupled such as monthly mean precipitation. Significant changes also include increases of runoff variability during spring, winter and spring and increases of soil moisture variability during the summer season. These results support statements made in previous IPCC reports that increasing greenhouse gases can lead to more severe and frequent floods and droughts depending upon season and latitude. This study also indicates that the approaches to equilibrium of these two integrations, and the resulting hydrologic changes, take place over time scales of hundreds of years in agreement with several previous investigations. C1 NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Wetherald, RT (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Dick.Wetherald@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 651 EP 670 DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9701-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 653WU UT WOS:000282129400014 ER PT J AU Radenac, MH Plimpton, PE Lebourges-Dhaussy, A Commien, L McPhaden, MJ AF Radenac, Marie-Helene Plimpton, Patricia E. Lebourges-Dhaussy, Anne Commien, Ludivine McPhaden, Michael J. TI Impact of environmental forcing on the acoustic backscattering strength in the equatorial Pacific: Diurnal, lunar, intraseasonal, and interannual variability SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Biological-physical interactions; Equatorial Pacific; Sound scattering; Micronekton; ADCP moorings ID WESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; 1997-1998 EL-NINO; VERTICAL MIGRATION; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; TIME-SERIES; MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA; TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS AB We analyzed several records of mean volume backscattering strength (S(v)) derived from 150 kHz acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCPs) moored along the equator in upwelling mesotrophic conditions and in the warm pool oligotrophic ecosystem of the Pacific Ocean. The ADCPs allow for gathering long time-series of non-intrusive information about zooplankton and micronekton at the same spatial and temporal scales as physical observations. High S(v) are found from the surface to the middle of the thermocline between dusk and dawn in the mesotrophic regime. Biological and physical influences modified this classical diel cycle. In oligotrophic conditions observed at 170 degrees W and 140 degrees W during El Nino years, a subsurface S(v) maximum characterized nighttime S(v) profiles. Variations of the thermocline depth correlated with variations of the base of the high S(v) layer and the subsurface maximum closely tracked the thermocline depth from intraseasonal to interannual time-scales. A recurring deepening (20-60 m) of the high S(v) layer was observed at a frequency close to the lunar cycle frequency. At 165 degrees E, high day-to-day variations prevailed and our results suggest the influence of moderately mesotrophic waters that would be advected from the western warm pool during westerly wind events. A review of the literature suggests that S(v) variations may result from changes in biomass and species assemblages among which myctophids and euphausiids would be the most likely scatterers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Radenac, Marie-Helene; Commien, Ludivine] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Etudes Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Plimpton, Patricia E.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lebourges-Dhaussy, Anne] Inst Rech Dev Bretagne, Plouzane, France. [Radenac, Marie-Helene] Inst Rech Dev, Toulouse, France. RP Radenac, MH (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Etudes Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, 14 Av, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM marie-helene.radenac@legos.obs-mip.fr RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU CNES; NOAA's Climate Program Office FX We thank Robert Le Borgne for fruitful discussions at different stages of this study. We also thank reviewers for their incisive and useful comments that greatly helped to improve this paper. We thank the CNES for the financial support. PEP and MJM were funded by NOAA's Climate Program Office. PMEL publication No. 3163. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 10 BP 1314 EP 1328 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.06.004 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 667PR UT WOS:000283206600014 ER PT J AU Sheu, WJ Wu, CR Oey, LY AF Sheu, Woei-Jen Wu, Chau-Ron Oey, Lie-Yauw TI Blocking and Westward Passage of Eddies in the Luzon Strait SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Luzon Strait; Kuroshio intrusion; Jet-Eddy interaction ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; MESOSCALE EDDIES; ZONAL JET; MODEL; EDDY; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; INTRUSION AB Satellite observations have shown the abundance of generally westward-propagating eddies in the subtropical regions in the North Pacific Ocean, especially north of 10 degrees N. Eddies transport mass, and can significantly impact the circulation as well as the heat, salt and nutrient balances of the western Pacific marginal seas. This paper uses a numerical model to examine the conditions when eddies can or cannot freely propagate westward through the Luzon Strait into the South China Sea (SCS). Composite analyses on the 10-year model data show that the fates of eddies depend on the strength and path of the Kuroshio. In one path that exists mostly during fall and winter, the Kuroshio loops westward into the SCS, the potential vorticity (PV) across the current is weak, and eddies are likely to propagate freely through the Luzon Strait. In another path, which exists mostly during spring and summer, the Kuroshio tends to leap directly northward bypassing the SCS, the PV across it strengthens, and eddies are then blocked and are constrained to also follow the northward path. Nonlinear eddy-current interaction and the existence of a cyclone north of the Luzon Island during the looping phase explain why eddies of both signs can pass through the strait. It is shown also that the upstream state of the Kuroshio in the western tropical Pacific plays an important role in dictating the different paths of the Kuroshio. The looping (leaping) path is caused by a weakened (stronger) Kuroshio transport related to the northward (southward) shift of the North Equatorial Current in wintertime (summertime). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sheu, Woei-Jen; Wu, Chau-Ron] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Wu, Chau-Ron; Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wu, CR (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 88,Sect 4 Ting Chou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. EM cwu@ntnu.edu.tw FU National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC [NSC 97-2621-M-003-006] FX The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their detailed suggestions to improve the manuscript. Author CRW was supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC, under grant NSC 97-2621-M-003-006. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 19-20 BP 1783 EP 1791 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.04.004 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 677GB UT WOS:000283976000004 ER PT J AU Doi, T Tozuka, T Yamagata, T AF Doi, Takeshi Tozuka, Tomoki Yamagata, Toshio TI Equivalent forcing depth in tropical oceans SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Equivalent forcing depth; Tropical oceans; Baroclinic mode ID INDIAN-OCEAN; MODEL; FREQUENCY AB The forcing efficiency for the first and the second baroclinic modes by the wind stress in tropical oceans has been discussed by calculating equivalent forcing depth from annual mean, seasonal, and pentadal density profiles of the observational data. In the annual mean field, the first mode is forced preferentially in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, whereas the second mode is more strongly excited in the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific. This difference is mostly due to the pycnocline depth; the second mode is more dominantly forced where the pycnocline depth is shallower. We also revealed large seasonal variations of the second mode's equivalent forcing depth in the western Indian Ocean. The first mode is more dominantly forced during boreal spring and fall in the western Indian Ocean, while the second mode becomes more dominantly forced during boreal summer and winter. Those are due to seasonal variations of both the zonal wind and the pycnocline depth. Moreover, we show that the excitation of the second mode in the western Pacific increases after the late 1970s, which is associated with the decreasing trend of the zonal pycnocline gradient. Revealing the variation of the equivalent forcing depth will be useful for understanding the oceanic response to winds in tropical oceans and the improvement in the predictability of air-sea coupled climate variability in the tropics. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Doi, Takeshi; Tozuka, Tomoki; Yamagata, Toshio] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Doi, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab NOAA, US Route 1,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Takeshi.Doi@noaa.gov RI Yamagata, Toshio/A-1807-2009; Tozuka, Tomoki/A-1805-2009; Doi, Takeshi/C-1989-2013 OI Tozuka, Tomoki/0000-0001-6738-1299; FU Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) [50091400, 208479] FX The present research is supported by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) through both Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (50091400). Also, the first author is supported by the Research Fellowship of the JSPS for Young Scientists (208479). NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 EI 1872-6879 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2010.03.001 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 676EE UT WOS:000283892100003 ER PT J AU Eldridge, WH Hard, JJ Naish, KA AF Eldridge, William H. Hard, Jeffrey J. Naish, Kerry A. TI Simulating fishery-induced evolution in chinook salmon: the role of gear, location, and genetic correlation among traits SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chinook salmon; fisheries management; fishing gear selectivity; G matrix; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; overlapping generations; Puget Sound; Washington; USA; simulation modeling; size selection ID PACIFIC SALMON; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION; POPULATION RECOVERY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; REACTION NORMS; SIZE; MATURATION; AGE AB Adaptation to human-modified ecosystems has been implicated in changing the life history of a number of wild animal populations, potentially contributing to their collapse. Fishing may be an important evolutionary force that can change the distribution of fitness-related traits; however, the magnitude and direction of the evolutionary response may be influenced by different management strategies. Most phenotypic traits subject to human-induced selection are simultaneously influenced by the environment and by genetic variation, and many traits are genetically correlated. Here, we evaluated the evolutionary outcomes of harvest activities on mean length and age at maturity in a fish population by coupling a multivariate quantitative genetic model with a Leslie life history matrix model. Lengths-at-ages were treated as genetically correlated characters parameterized from empirical data on chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations. Using simulations, we explored the outcomes of 100 years of harvest using gill nets, which impose disruptive selection, or longlines, which impose minimum size selection, that targeted immature individuals in the high seas or maturing individuals in terminal spawning areas. Response in mean length and age depended on selection differentials imposed by harvest (which depended in turn on fishing location, gear type, and proportion of the population harvested) and on the genetic correlations between traits. Mean length was strongly influenced by the selection differential of the most abundant age class. Large differences in response were observed between the high-seas fishery, where the most abundant age was the youngest age vulnerable to harvest, compared to the terminal area fishery, where an older age class was most abundant. We observed a substantial difference in response between gill nets and longlines in the terminal fishery only. The evolution of mean age of mature individuals was less predictable, but generally increased as length decreased and decreased as length increased. The model presented here has potential for incorporating empirical data into fisheries forecasting and therefore provides a powerful means of integrating evolutionary considerations into harvest management. C1 [Eldridge, William H.; Naish, Kerry A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Eldridge, WH (reprint author), Stroud Water Res Ctr, 970 Spencer Rd, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. EM weldridge@stroudcenter.org RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 FU National Sea Grant/National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05OAR41711742, E/I-11] FX The authors thank Michelle McClure, Fred Utter, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable advice on an earlier version of the manuscript. Thanks also to Jon Wittouck for providing data from the University of Washington Hatchery. Funding in support of W. H. Eldridge came from a National Sea Grant/National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Graduate Fellowship in population dynamics while at the University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award number NA05OAR41711742, project number E/I-11. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1936 EP 1948 DI 10.1890/09-1186.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655UT UT WOS:000282278200014 PM 21049881 ER PT J AU Carey, MP Wahl, DH AF Carey, Michael P. Wahl, David H. TI Native fish diversity alters the effects of an invasive species on food webs SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; common carp; Cyprinus carpio; food webs; Illinois, USA; invasion; invasive species ID MULTIPLE TROPHIC LEVELS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS; LIMITED RELEVANCE; ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY; RECONCILING PATTERN; PREY AVAILABILITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA AB Aquatic communities have been altered by invasive species, with impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem function. At the same time, native biodiversity may mitigate the effects of an invader. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a ubiquitous, invasive fish species that strongly influences community and ecosystem processes. We used common carp to test whether the potential effects of an invasive species are altered across a range of species diversity in native communities. In mesocosms, treatments of zero, one, three, and six native fish species were used to represent the nested subset patterns observed in fish communities of lakes in Illinois, USA. The effect of the invader was tested across fish richness treatments by adding common carp to the native community and substituting native biomass with common carp. Native species and intraspecific effects reduced invader growth. The invader reduced native fish growth; however, the negative effect was minimized with increasing native richness. The zooplankton grazer community was modified by a top-down effect from the invader that increased the amount of phytoplankton. Neither the invader nor richness treatments influenced total phosphorus or community metabolism. Overall, the invader reduced resources for native species, and the effect scaled with how the invader was incorporated into the community. Higher native diversity mitigated the impact of the invader, confirming the need to consider biodiversity when predicting the impacts of invasive species. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Carey, MP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Michael.P.Carey@noaa.gov RI Carey, Michael/G-9516-2012; Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0608256]; Illinois Lake Management Association FX We thank the staff at the Kaskaskia Biological Station, Illinois Natural History Survey, especially K. Schnake, E. Born, K. Maloney, E. Smolik, and M. Diana, for help in the field and with sample processing. A National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (DEB-0608256) and the Illinois Lake Management Association supported this work. Experimental and laboratory resources were provided by the Illinois Natural History Survey. All procedures conformed to the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and complied with the current laws of the United States. Reviews by J. Brawn, C. Caceres, and K. Paige substantially improved the manuscript. NR 83 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 95 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 91 IS 10 BP 2965 EP 2974 DI 10.1890/09-1213.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 660PE UT WOS:000282654700015 PM 21058556 ER PT J AU Flanigan, PM Ross, D Shackman, JG AF Flanigan, Paul M. Ross, David Shackman, Jonathan G. TI Determination of inorganic ions in mineral water by gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection; CE; Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis; Water analysis ID CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; CHANNEL CURRENT DETECTION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; CATIONS; ANIONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A sensitive method was developed for the determination of the major inorganic ions in commercial mineral waters using gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. This application was the first to demonstrate the separation of cations and anions simultaneously using gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis. Seven ionic analytes (calcium, chloride, magnesium, nitrate, potassium, sodium, and sulfate) were separated in less than 7 min with detection values in the low mu mol/L to sub-mu mol/L range. Calculated values of the major ions in three commercial mineral waters were compared to reported values with good correlation. In another application, phosphate and arsenate were separated in less than 2 min with limits of detection of 300 and 140 nmol/L, respectively. For all standard analyses, the RSD for migration times and peak areas were under 3%. C1 [Flanigan, Paul M.; Shackman, Jonathan G.] Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Ross, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shackman, JG (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Chem, 1901 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM jshackman@temple.edu NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2010 VL 31 IS 20 BP 3466 EP 3474 DI 10.1002/elps.201000230 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 678EG UT WOS:000284055300013 PM 20922760 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Baibourine, E AF Bruno, Thomas J. Baibourine, Evgenii TI Analysis of Organometallic Gasoline Additives with the Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; FUEL JET-A; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; BIODIESEL FUEL; DIESEL FUEL; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; IMPROVEMENTS; TEMPERATURE; FLUIDS AB Problems associated with pre-ignition of fuel in a spark-ignition engine have been documented for many years and include poor performance and structural damage in engines. These problems were addressed in the past by adding organometallic additives, such as tetraethyl lead (TEL), to the fuel. While this additive is banned, others are permitted in some jurisdictions. Two such additives are ferrocene (FC) and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). In this paper, we apply the advanced distillation curve approach to the analysis of these two additives (at concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/L) in a typical gasoline. We observe that neither additive affects the volatility of gasoline until the 55% distillate volume fraction. Subsequent to this fraction, we note temperature departures from the base gasoline that progress from 1 to 7 degrees C for FC and from approximately 1 to 4 degrees C for MMT. We further note, with the composition-explicit data channel Idle advanced distillation curve (ADC), that the additives are not found in the distillate until after the 55% distillate volume fraction and that the concentration in the distillate increases as the distillation proceeds to completion. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Baibourine, Evgenii] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX A Professional Research Experience Program Undergraduate Fellowship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is gratefully acknowledged by E.B. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 BP 5508 EP 5513 DI 10.1021/ef1006403 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 666JO UT WOS:000283111200025 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL Laesecke, A Brumback, KJ AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. Laesecke, Arno Brumback, Karin J. TI Comparison of Jet Fuels by Measurements of Density and Speed of Sound of a Flightline JP-8 SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DISTILLATION CURVES; S-8 AB The density of a flightline jet fuel (JP-8) was measured with two vibrating-tube densimeters. The combined range of the data is from 270 to 470 K with pressures of 40 MPa. The speed of sound in the fuel was measured with a propagation time method at ambient pressure from 278.15 to 343.15 K. The density and speed of sound results at ambient pressure were combined to obtain the adiabatic compressibility. A correlation is reported that represents the temperature and pressure dependence of the experimental data within their estimated uncertainties and can be extrapolated meaningfully beyond the pressure range of the data. The data from this jet fuel are compared to those of four previously measured jet fuels to examine the differences in their densities and speeds of sound. C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie L.; Laesecke, Arno; Brumback, Karin J.] NIST, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Thermophys Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), NIST, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Thermophys Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM outcalt@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR F1ATA060-040004]; NIST Boulder Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MIPR F1ATA060-040004). Karin Brumback was supported by a NIST Boulder Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF). Dr. Stephen Zabarnick, University of Dayton Research Institute, kindly provided the density data of ref 1. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 BP 5573 EP 5578 DI 10.1021/ef100863x PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 666JO UT WOS:000283111200032 ER PT J AU Lovestead, TM Windom, BC Riggs, JR Nickell, C Bruno, TJ AF Lovestead, Tara M. Windom, Bret C. Riggs, Jennifer R. Nickell, Christopher Bruno, Thomas J. TI Assessment of the Compositional Variability of RP-1 and RP-2 with the Advanced Distillation Curve Approach SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; FUEL JET-A; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; DIESEL FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; TEMPERATURE; GASOLINE; FLUIDS AB RP-1 is a long-established hydrocarbon fuel that continues to be widely used as the kerosene component in rocket propulsion systems. The desire in recent years to use rocket engines many times, rather than a single time, has led to reformulations of RP-1 and to the formulation of RP-2. In terms of processing, increased hydro-treating or the component feedstock fluids used in the manufacture of RP-1 can lower the sulfur, olefin, and aromatic content significantly. The resulting fuels have demonstrably lower metal corrosion effects and are thus more amenable to multiple use rocket engines. In recent years, the reformulated RP-1 mixtures have been extensively studied in terms of thermophysical properties, combustion processes and kinetics, and performance. Still unknown is how compositional variability resulting from the various blending strategies affects both the properties and our ability to correctly predict the fluid behavior with mathematical models. To address this question, we have obtained 11 batches of RP-1 that were prepared to represent the range of formulation recipes. For each of these representative formulations, we have assessed the compositional variability with the advanced distillation curve (ADC) metrology. This method is an improvement of classical boiling curve techniques. It features (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. In this paper, we will employ all applicable data channels of the ADC to show the compositional variability and also discuss how the variability will impact predictive modeling. We use these data to conclude that the variabilities of RP-1 and RP-2 are significant and perhaps higher than expected. C1 [Lovestead, Tara M.; Windom, Bret C.; Riggs, Jennifer R.; Nickell, Christopher; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU National Academy of Science/National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR F4FBEX9205G001] FX B.C.W. and T.M.L. acknowledge the National Academy of Science/National Research Council postdoctoral associateship program. J.R.R. and C.N. acknowledge Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships at NIST. The financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (Grant MIPR F4FBEX9205G001) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 BP 5611 EP 5623 DI 10.1021/ef100994w PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 666JO UT WOS:000283111200037 ER PT J AU Bao, YH Kunnath, SK AF Bao, Yihai Kunnath, Sashi K. TI Simplified progressive collapse simulation of RC frame-wall structures SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Shear wall; Progressive collapse; Reinforced concrete; Nonlinear response; Frame and shear wall structures ID SHEAR PANELS; PREDICTION; FLEXURE; DAMAGE AB A macromodel-based approach to enable post-event progressive collapse analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frame-wall structures is investigated. A simplified shear wall model is developed to simulate the inelastic behavior of a multi-story frame-wall system due to the sudden loss of a significant portion of the shear wall at the first story. Detailed finite element analyses are employed not only to provide modeling insights but also as a tool to verify the accuracy of the developed shear wall model. Two perimeter frame-wall systems designed for different seismic zones are modeled using the proposed approach and numerical simulations following the sudden loss of a portion of the shear wall at the lowest story are compared and evaluated. Although no signs of collapse are evident in either system, detailed investigation of force variations in structural members shows that the seismically designed frame-wall system (SDC-D) is a more robust system compared to a system designed for much lower seismic demands due to the effectiveness of its structural layout and seismic detailing. The simplified methodology is a suitable approach for preliminary progressive collapse investigation of RC frame-wall structures. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bao, Yihai; Kunnath, Sashi K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bao, Yihai] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kunnath, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM skkunnath@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0928953]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST 60NANB8D8139] FX The presented work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant CMMI-0928953 and the National Institute of Standards and Technology through grant NIST 60NANB8D8139. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 32 IS 10 BP 3153 EP 3162 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.06.003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 662ZB UT WOS:000282851700016 ER PT J AU Anenberg, SC West, JJ Horowitz, LW Tong, DQ AF Anenberg, Susan C. West, J. Jason Horowitz, Larry W. Tong, Daniel Q. TI The Global Burden of Air Pollution on Mortality response SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 [Anenberg, Susan C.; West, J. Jason] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.] Sci & Technol Corp, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Anenberg, SC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM jjwest@email.unc.edu RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 118 IS 10 BP A424 EP A425 DI 10.1289/ehp.1002397R PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 656YL UT WOS:000282376900004 ER PT J AU Conte, D Miglietta, MM Moscatello, A Albers, S Levizzani, V AF Conte, Dario Miglietta, Mario Marcello Moscatello, Agata Albers, Steve Levizzani, Vincenzo TI A GIS approach to ingest Meteosat Second Generation data into the Local Analysis and Prediction System SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Review DE Weather forecasting; Mesoscale analyses; Nowcasting; Clouds; Meteosat; Satellite meteorology; Geographic; Information System; Open source software ID MEDITERRANEAN HURRICANE; LAPS AB The Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) is modified to ingest Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) data for cloud analysis. A first study is conducted to test the actual performance of the weather analysis software after new satellite bands are introduced. Results show that the system provides high quality cloud products such as cloud mask, cloud top height and cloudiness. A comparison with products from EUMETSAT's Nowcasting SAF shows a general underestimation of the LAPS product although the results are not conclusive. The study shows the potential of MSG data in refining the mesoscale analyses produced by LAPS. Moreover the software tools, based on open source codes for geolocation and geographical information systems, written for the transformation of MSG data into input files for LAPS have demonstrated a great flexibility and ease of use. The study opens up an avenue for successive validation and refinement of the analyses together with their improved implementation for operational nowcasting and very short range forecasting applications. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Conte, Dario; Moscatello, Agata] ISAC CNR, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Miglietta, Mario Marcello] ISAC CNR, Padua, Italy. [Albers, Steve] NOAA ESRL GSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Albers, Steve] CIRA, Boulder, CO USA. [Levizzani, Vincenzo] ISAC CNR, Bologna, Italy. RP Conte, D (reprint author), ISAC CNR, Str Prov Lecce Monteroni Km 1,200, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM d.conte@isac.cnr.it RI Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013; Miglietta, Mario Marcello/C-6416-2013 OI Levizzani, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235; Miglietta, Mario Marcello/0000-0003-2898-1595 FU Italian Space Agency (ASI); EUMETSAT; Regione Puglia FX The authors are grateful to Regione Puglia for support provided under the Progetto Strategico "Nowcasting avanzato con l'uso di tecnologie GRID e GIS". VL also wishes to acknowledge partial support from the Italian Space Agency (ASI) within the project "Prodotti di Osservazione Satellitare per Allerta Meteorologica" (PROSA) and from EUMETSAT within the Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H-SAF). NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1064 EP 1074 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.03.023 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619DY UT WOS:000279410600001 ER PT J AU Browne, E Kelley, M Zhou, GD He, LY McDonald, T Wang, S Duncan, B Meador, JP Donnelly, K Gallagher, E AF Browne, Eva Kelley, Matthew Zhou, Guo-Dong He, Ling Yu McDonald, Thomas Wang, Shirley Duncan, Bruce Meador, James P. Donnelly, Kirby Gallagher, Evan TI In situ biomonitoring of juvenile Chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) using biomarkers of chemical exposures and effects in a partially remediated urbanized waterway of the Puget Sound, WA SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Chinook salmon; Quantitative RT-PCR; Sediment pollutants; (32)P-postlabeling ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEPATIC-LESIONS; DNA-ADDUCTS; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; WASHINGTON AB In situ biomonitoring has been used to assess the effects of pollution on aquatic species in heavily polluted waterways. In the current study, we used in situ biomonitoring in conjunction with molecular biomarker analysis to determine the effects of pollutant exposure in salmon caged in the Duwamish waterway, a Pacific Northwest Superfund site that has been subject to remediation. The Duwamish waterway is an important migratory route for Pacific salmon and has received historic inputs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). juvenile pre-smolt Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caged for 8 days in the three contaminated sites in close proximity within the Duwamish were analyzed for steady state hepatic mRNA expression of 7 exposure biomarker genes encompassing several gene families and known to be responsive to pollutants, including cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and CYP2K1, glutathione S-transferase pi class (GST-pi), microsomal GST (mGST), glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), UDP-glucuronyltransferase family 1 (UDPGT), and type 2 deiodinase (type 2 D1, or D2). Quantitation of gene expression was accomplished by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in assays developed specifically for Chinook salmon genes. Gill PAH-DNA adducts were assessed as a chemical effects biomarker using (32)P-postlabeling. The biomarkers in the field-caged fish were analyzed with respect to caged animals maintained at the hatchery receiving flow-through water. Chemical analysis of sediment samples from three field sampling sites revealed relatively high concentrations of total PAHs in one site (site B2, 6711 ng/g dry weight) and somewhat lower concentrations of PAHs in two adjacent sites (sites B3 and B4, 1482 and 1987 ng/g, respectively). In contrast, waterborne PAHs at all of the sampling sites were relatively low ( < 1 ng/L). Sediment PCBs at the sites ranged from a low of 421 ng/g at site B3 to 1160 ng/g at site B4, and there were no detectable waterborne PCBs at any of the sites (detection limit= 10 ng/L). There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in biomarker gene expression in the Duwamish-caged fish relative to controls, although there was a pattern of gene expression suppression at site B3, the most heavily PAH-enriched site. The lack of a marked perturbation of mRNA biomarkers was consistent with relatively low levels of gill PAH-DNA adduct levels that did not differ among caged reference and field fish, and which were also consistent with relatively low waterborne concentrations of chemicals. The results of our study suggest a low bioavailability of sediment pollutants in caged juvenile Chinook potentially reflecting low waterborne exposures occurring at contaminated sites within the Duwamish waterway that have undergone partial remediation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Browne, Eva; Gallagher, Evan] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Kelley, Matthew; Zhou, Guo-Dong; He, Ling Yu; McDonald, Thomas; Wang, Shirley; Donnelly, Kirby] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Duncan, Bruce] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Meador, James P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecotoxicol Div, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Gallagher, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE,Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM evang3@u.washington.edu FU NIEHS; University of Washington; Texas AM University [P42 ES004696, P42 ES04917]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceans and Human Health Program [NA05NS4781253]; USEPA [10] FX We will miss the friendship, collegiality, and conversations with our good friend, Dr. K.C. Donnelly, who passed away in July 2009. This work is a collaboration among two NIEHS Superfund Research Program (SRP) program project awards to the University of Washington and Texas A&M University. Accordingly, this work was funded in part by P42 ES004696 and P42 ES04917. Additional funding for the study was provided in part from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceans and Human Health Program (NA05NS4781253), and the Region 10 office of the USEPA (USEPA Region 10). The technical comments of Dr. Karen Peck at NOAA fisheries are appreciated. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 110 IS 7 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2010.06.007 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 652HV UT WOS:000281995400005 PM 20619832 ER PT J AU Yordy, JE Mollenhauer, MAM Wilson, RM Wells, RS Hohn, A Sweeney, J Schwacke, LH Rowles, TK Kucklick, JR Peden-Adams, MM AF Yordy, Jennifer E. Mollenhauer, Meagan A. M. Wilson, Rachel M. Wells, Randall S. Hohn, Aleta Sweeney, Jay Schwacke, Lori H. Rowles, Teri K. Kucklick, John R. Peden-Adams, Margie M. TI COMPLEX CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE IN CETACEANS: A COMPARATIVE E-SCREEN ANALYSIS OF BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN BLUBBER AND MIXTURES OF FOUR PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Persistent organic pollutants; Contaminant mixtures; Estrogenicity; Antiestrogenicity; Bottlenose dolphin ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; STEROID-HORMONE ACTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; GREAT-LAKES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POLAR BEARS; HUMAN SERUM; ASSAY AB Cetaceans are federally protected species that are prone to accumulate complex mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which individually may exert estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. In the present study it was assessed whether contaminant mixtures harbored by cetaceans are estrogenic or antiestrogenic using a comparative approach. Interactions of antiestrogenic and estrogenic compounds were first investigated with the E-Screen assay using a mixture of four POPs (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [4,4'-DDE], trans-nonachlor, and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] 138 180) prevalent in cetacean blubber. Estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity was determined for the individual compounds and their binary, tertiary, and quaternary combinations. Significantly different responses were observed for the various POP mixtures, including enhanced estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects and antagonistic interactions. These results were then compared to the concentrations and estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity of contaminant mixtures isolated directly from the blubber of 15 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) collected from five U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico locations. The lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) determined for 4,4'-DDE (20 mu mol/L), PCB 138 (20 mu mol/L), PCB 180 (21 [anon), and trans-nonachlor (3 mu mol/L) in the E-Screen were greater than estimated dolphin blood concentrations. Although estimated blood concentrations were below the LOECs, significant estrogenic activity was detected in diluted dolphin blubber from Cape May, NJ and Bermuda. Positive correlations between blubber estrogenicity and select POP concentrations (Sigma DDTs, Sigma PBDEs, Sigma HCB, Sigma estrogenic PCBs, Sigma estrogenic POPs) were also observed. Collectively, these results suggest that select bottlenose dolphin populations may be exposed to contaminants that act in concert to exert estrogenic effects at biologically relevant concentrations. These observations do not necessarily provide direct evidence of endocrine disruption; however, they may indicate an environmental source of xenoestrogenic exposure warranting future research. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2143-2153. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Yordy, Jennifer E.; Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Yordy, Jennifer E.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mollenhauer, Meagan A. M.; Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Mol & Cell Biol Program, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Mollenhauer, Meagan A. M.; Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Wilson, Rachel M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Hohn, Aleta] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Sweeney, Jay] Dolphin Quest, San Diego, CA 93207 USA. [Rowles, Teri K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, ff Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Myst Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. RP Yordy, JE (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jennifer.yordy@noaa.gov RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011; Wilson, Rachel /F-2723-2013 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062; FU Sea Research Foundation [185] FX We thank A. Soto and M. Banica for providing the MCF-7-BOS cells. We also thank P. Fair for use of her laboratory and instrumentation and A. Peck, R. Heltsley, S. Tai, and K. Huncik for assistance with LC/MS/MS method development. This work constitutes Scientific Contribution Number 185 from the Sea Research Foundation. Certain commercial equipment or instruments are identified in the article to adequately specify the experimental procedures. Such identification does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment or instruments are the best available for the purpose. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2143 EP 2153 DI 10.1002/etc.279 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 658FV UT WOS:000282476800004 PM 20872675 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Bergeron, DE Cessna, JT AF Zimmerman, B. E. Bergeron, D. E. Cessna, J. T. TI Development of Traceable Phantom Sources for Quantitative PET Imaging SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine (EANM) CY OCT 09-13, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Nuclear Med C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.; Bergeron, D. E.; Cessna, J. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD OCT PY 2010 VL 37 SU 2 BP S313 EP S313 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 665GQ UT WOS:000283023800515 ER PT J AU Lawson, JR Mell, WE Prasad, K AF Lawson, James R. Mell, William E. Prasad, Kuldeep TI A Heat Transfer Model for Firefighters' Protective Clothing, Continued Developments in Protective Clothing Modeling SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heat transfer; Computer modeling; Fire; Firefighter safety; Protective clothing; Thermal insulation; Turnout coats AB In the year 2000, a paper entitled "A Heat Transfer Model for Firefighters' Protective Clothing" was published in Volume 36, No. 1, of Fire Technology, and it received the 2001 Harry C. Bigglestone Award for Excellence in Written Communication of Fire Protection Concepts from The Fire Protection Research Foundation. Since the publication of this paper, there has been additional development of the heat transfer model. The radiant heat transfer element has been refined, and the model can now address predictions of heat transfer through wet protective clothing materials. Additionally, there has been an extension of the thermal properties database for fabric materials used to manufacture firefighters' protective clothing. These improvements have significantly expanded the capabilities of the model and provide users with a more robust tool for economically predicting thermal protective clothing performance. C1 [Lawson, James R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Fighting Technol Grp, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawson, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Fighting Technol Grp, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8661, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.lawson@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 SI SI BP 833 EP 841 DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0139-z PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 640XI UT WOS:000281087000006 ER PT J AU Neahr, TA Stunz, GW Minello, TJ AF Neahr, T. A. Stunz, G. W. Minello, T. J. TI Habitat use patterns of newly settled spotted seatrout in estuaries of the north-western Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hatchery-reared fish; mesocosm; salt marsh; sciaenid; seagrass ID JUVENILE RED DRUM; SALT-MARSH; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; NURSERY HABITATS; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; GALVESTON BAY; FISH LARVAE; WILD-CAUGHT; REEF FISHES; GROWTH AB P>This study examined habitat use patterns of newly settled spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier) across several Gulf of Mexico estuaries. Intensive sampling using an epibenthic sled was conducted in three Texas bays and among three potential habitat types. A long-term data set (1982 to 1997) from the National Marine Fisheries Service was also used to examine C. nebulosus habitat use patterns in both marsh and seagrass-dominated bay systems for broad regional comparisons along the north-western Gulf of Mexico. Vegetated habitat types such as seagrass and marsh supported the highest densities and use was dependent upon availability of particular vegetated habitat types. In laboratory mesocosm experiments, both wild-caught and hatchery-reared C. nebulosus, showed strong selection for structured and vegetated habitat types. These field and laboratory results suggest that seagrass meadows and marshes may be functioning as important habitat for C. nebulosus in Gulf of Mexico, and other habitat types such as oyster reef need further evaluation. C1 [Stunz, G. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Neahr, T. A.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Coastal Fisheries Div, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Minello, T. J.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Branch, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston, TX USA. RP Stunz, GW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Dept Life Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM greg.stunz@tamucc.edu FU Texas Research Development Fund FX Funding for this study was provided by the Texas Research Development Fund. We thank the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Perry R. Bass Marine Hatchery for generously supplying us with hatchery-reared fish. This research was conducted through the Fisheries Ecology Laboratory at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi and the Fisheries Ecology Branch at NOAA Fisheries Galveston Laboratory. Help from many in both laboratories was essential including Heather Barackman, Sarah Bayer, Amanda Bushon, Lew Lampton for providing assistance in the field and laboratory. Special thanks to the contributions and input by Megan Reese Robillard for helping in many aspects of this project from fieldwork, analysis, producing Fig. 1 and manuscript review. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for providing comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 BP 404 EP 413 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00733.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 651AO UT WOS:000281897200004 ER PT J AU Alfaro-Shigueto, J Mange, JC Pajuelo, M Dutton, PH Seminoff, JA Godley, BJ AF Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna Mangel, Jeffrey C. Pajuelo, Mariela Dutton, Peter H. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Godley, Brendan J. TI Where small can have a large impact: Structure and characterization of small-scale fisheries in Peru SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Small-scale fisheries; Longlines; Gillnets; Peru; Bycatch; Pacific ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-RINGENS; BYCATCH REDUCTION; SEA-TURTLES; LONGLINE FISHERIES; SWORDFISH FISHERY; SEABIRD BYCATCH; SOUTH-PACIFIC; MORTALITY; CATCH; CONSERVATION AB Small-scale fisheries in Peru constitute an important source of food and employment for coastal communities where fish is the single most important natural resource. Utilizing official statistics and extensive survey data from 30 fishing ports and by onboard observers operating from 11 ports, we review how these fisheries grew from 1995 to 2005, and provide insights into the relative importance of different fishing gears and their modes of operation. Small-scale fisheries operate along the entire Peruvian coast and have continued expanding in number of vessels and fishers in all geopolitical regions except one. Nationwide, the number of fishers grew by 34% from 28 098 to 37727 and the number of vessels increased by 54% from 6268 to 9667. At 30 harbors, the number of vessels increased for purse seiners (17.8%) and longliners (357.4%), while gillnets decreased (similar to 14.5%). These dramatic changes could jeopardize the sustainability of these fisheries and the livelihoods of those who depend upon them, especially considering the limited capacity for management. Despite increase in effort, catch and catch per vessel have decreased, especially in some of the sub-regions that previously constituted the majority of effort and landings, raising concerns regarding their sustainability. Of the fishing gears monitored, gillnets were shown to have the most frequent interactions with threatened taxa such as marine mammals, seabirds and sea turtles. The total length of gillnets set in Peru was estimated at >100000 km of net per year, about 14 times the length used by the Taiwanese high seas driftnet fleet in the Pacific before it was banned. Longlines, although shown to be a more efficient fishing method (economically and in terms of selectivity), still had bycatch of turtles and seabirds, and marine mammals are targeted to be used as bait. We conservatively estimate that longline vessels operating in Peru set an average of 80 million hooks per year; equivalent to one-third of the annual effort of the global industrial swordfish longline fishery. We conclude that, despite their definition as small-scale, the magnitude of these fleets and their fishing effort are vast and are of concern with regard to their long term sustainability and their impacts and interactions with large marine vertebrates. We highlight the need for increased research and management measures to ensure the long term viability of these fisheries. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Pajuelo, Mariela] Pro Delphinus, Lima 11, Peru. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Godley, Brendan J.] Univ Exeter, Marine Turtle Res Grp, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Sch Biosci, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Dutton, Peter H.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Alfaro-Shigueto, J (reprint author), Pro Delphinus, Octavio Bernal 572-5, Lima 11, Peru. EM jas_26@yahoo.com RI godley, brendan/A-6139-2009 OI godley, brendan/0000-0003-3845-0034 FU NOAA SWFSC; NFWF; CLP; Idea Wild; IAATO; NOAA PRO in Juneau; ABC; Oak Foundation through the CMC at Duke University; Darwin Initiative Sustainable Artisanal Fisheries Initiative in Peru; ORSAS; Exeter University FX We would like to thank the members of the fishing communities who participated in this study, in particular the fishers who were willing to have an observer on board. We also want to thank Celia Caceres, Francisco Bernedo and Mateo Mamani for their help in data collection. The Artisanal Fisheries Office at PRODUCE was most helpful with the interpretation of the information from PRODUCE landings data. We also would like to thank the two reviewers and the editor for their useful comments on this manuscript. This study was conducted with funds and equipment received from NOAA SWFSC, NFWF, CLP, Idea Wild, IAATO, NOAA PRO in Juneau, ABC, the Oak Foundation through the CMC at Duke University and the Darwin Initiative Sustainable Artisanal Fisheries Initiative in Peru. JCM and JAS are ORSAS and Exeter University scholarship awardees respectively. NR 64 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 106 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.06.004 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 670WN UT WOS:000283458200002 ER PT J AU Towler, R Williams, K AF Towler, Richard Williams, Kresimir TI An inexpensive millimeter-accuracy electronic length measuring board SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fish measuring board; Fish length measurement AB A design is presented for a cost-effective, easy to use, millimeter resolution electronic fish measuring board. The device is easily assembled from commercially available electronic components and a customized electronic control board. The principal component of this design is a magnetostrictive linear distance sensor. This sensor is an alternative to previous approaches in magnetic measuring technology that used magnetoresistive or Hall-effect sensors. The measuring device is connected to a personal computer or personal digital assistant running a data acquisition application. Length measurements are taken by momentarily placing a magnet on the length board sensor at the desired measurement location. The described electronic fish measuring board is a robust, inexpensive and efficient alternative to other methods and devices used to rapidly collect relatively large numbers of high-resolution length measurements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Towler, Richard; Williams, Kresimir] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Towler, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rick.towler@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 106 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.06.012 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 670WN UT WOS:000283458200016 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Laurel, BJ Ciannelli, L AF Hurst, Thomas P. Laurel, Benjamin J. Ciannelli, Lorenzo TI Ontogenetic patterns and temperature-dependent growth rates in early life stages of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ROCK SOLE; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; JUVENILE ATLANTIC COD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FISH POPULATIONS; LARVAE; MORHUA AB Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) is an important component of fisheries and food webs in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. However, vital rates of early life stages of this species have yet to be described in detail. We determined the thermal sensitivity of growth rates of embryos, preflexion and postflexion larvae, and postsettlement juveniles. Growth rates (length and mass) at each ontogenetic stage were measured in three replicate tanks at four to five temperatures. Nonlinear regression was used to obtain parameters for independent stage-specific growth functions and a unified size- and temperature-dependent growth function. Specific growth rates increased with temperature at all stages and generally decreased with increases in body size. However, these analyses revealed a departure from a strict size-based allometry in growth patterns, as reduced growth rates were observed among preflexion larvae: the reduction in specific growth rate between embryos and free-swimming larvae was greater than expected based on body size differences. Growth reductions in the preflexion larvae appear to be associated with increased metabolic rates and the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding. In future studies, experiments should be integrated across life transitions to more clearly define intrinsic ontogenetic and size-dependent growth patterns because these are critical for evaluations of spatial and temporal variation in habitat quality. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.; Laurel, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Alaska Fisheries Sci C, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Atmospher & Oceanog Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Alaska Fisheries Sci C, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 FU North Pacific Research Board [R0605] FX We thank T. Tripp, M. Spencer, and B. Knoth for assistance with fish collection and shipping. Staff and students in the Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, including L. Copeman, S. Haines, M. Ottmar, P. Iseri, A. Colton, L. Logers, E. Seale, and J. Scheingross assisted with various laboratory experiments. S. Munch, L. Tomaro, A. Stoner, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was supported in part by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (no. R0605). This is publication no. 248 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 48 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 108 IS 4 BP 382 EP 392 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 676XS UT WOS:000283953000002 ER PT J AU DeCelles, GR Cadrin, SX AF DeCelles, Gregory R. Cadrin, Steven X. TI Movement patterns of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in the southern Gulf of Maine: observations with the use of passive acoustic telemetry SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; FISH; ESTUARINE; HABITATS; DYNAMICS; LARVAE; POPULATION; RESPONSES; STORAGE; GROWTH AB Despite its recreational and commercial importance, the movement patterns and spawning habitats of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in the Gulf of Maine are poorly understood. To address these uncertainties, 72 adult winter flounder (27-48 cm) were fitted with acoustic transmitters and tracked by passive telemetry in the southern Gulf of Maine between 2007 and 2009. Two sympatric contingents of adult winter flounder were observed, which exhibited divergent spawning migrations. One contingent remained in coastal waters during the spawning season, while a smaller contingent of winter flounder was observed migrating to estuarine habitats. Estuarine residence times were highly variable, and ranged from 2 to 91 days (mean=28 days). Flounder were nearly absent from the estuary during the fall and winter months and were most abundant in the estuary from late spring to early summer. The observed seasonal movements appeared to be strongly related to water temperature. This is the first study to investigate the seasonal distribution, migration, and spawning behavior of adult winter flounder in the Gulf of Maine by using passive acoustic telemetry. This approach offered valuable insight into the life history of this species in nearshore and estuarine habitats and improved the information available for the conservation and management of this species. C1 [DeCelles, Gregory R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. RP DeCelles, GR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 200 Mill Rd,Suite 325, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. EM gdecelles@umassd.edu FU Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute FX The Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute provided the funding for this research. T. Grothues and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. We would also like to thank M. Mather, G. Skomal, and G. Cowles for their guidance and advice during this experiment. We thank J. Manderson and M. Armstrong for allowing us to borrow acoustic receivers. We would also like to thank V. Malkoski, V. Manfredi, P. Milligan, B. Courchene, H. Bourbon, C. Sarro, and M. Marino for assistance in the field. Finally, we would like to thank the dozens of other people whose help at sea made this project possible. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 108 IS 4 BP 408 EP 419 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 676XS UT WOS:000283953000004 ER PT J AU Laidig, TE AF Laidig, Thomas E. TI Influence of ocean conditions on the timing of early life history events for blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) off California SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BLACK ROCKFISH; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; JUVENILE ROCKFISH; MARINE FISH; RECRUITMENT; GROWTH; SPP.; VARIABILITY AB Settled juvenile blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) were collected from two kelp beds approximately 335 km apart off Mendocino in northern California and Monterey in central California. A total of 112 rockfish were collected from both sites over 5 years (1993, 1994, 2001, 2002, and 2003). Total age, settlement date, age at settlement, and birth date were determined from otolith microstructure. Fish off Mendocino settled mostly in June and fish off Monterey settled mostly in May (average difference in settlement=23 days). Although the difference in the timing of settlement followed this same pattern for both areas over the five years, settlement occurred later in 2002 and 2003 than in the prior years of sampling. The difference in the timing of settlement was due primarily to differences in birth dates for the two areas. The time of settlement was positively related to upwelling and negatively related to sea level anomaly for most of the months before settlement. Knowledge of the timing of settlement has implications for design and placement of marine protected areas because protection of nursery grounds is frequently a major objective of these protected areas. The timing of settlement is also an important consideration in the planning of surveys of early recruits because mistimed surveys (caused by latitudinal differences in the timing of settlement) could produce biased estimates. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Laidig, TE (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM tom.laidig@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 108 IS 4 BP 442 EP 449 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 676XS UT WOS:000283953000007 ER PT J AU Hart, TD Clemons, JER Wakefield, WW Heppell, SS AF Hart, Ted D. Clemons, Julia E. R. Wakefield, W. Waldo Heppell, Selina S. TI Day and night abundance, distribution, and activity patterns of demersal fishes on Heceta Bank, Oregon SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID REEF FISHES; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; PHOTIC ENVIRONMENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DIEL VARIATION; SILVER HAKE; DEEP-REEF; SEBASTES; TRAWL; CATCHABILITY AB Most shallow-dwelling tropical marine fishes exhibit different activity patterns during the day and night but show similar transition behavior among habitat sites despite the dissimilar assemblages of the species. However, changes in species abundance, distribution, and activity patterns have only rarely been examined in temperate deepwater habitats during the day and night, where day-to-night differences in light intensity are extremely slight. Direct-observation surveys were conducted over several depths and habitat types on Heceta Bank, the largest rocky bank off the Oregon coast. Day and night fish community composition, relative density, and activity levels were compared by using videotape footage from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) operated along paired transects. Habitat-specific abundance and activity were determined for 31 taxa or groups. General patterns observed were similar to shallow temperate day and night studies, with an overall increase in the abundance and activity of fishes during the day than at night, particularly in shallower cobble, boulder, and rock ridge habitats. Smaller schooling rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) were more abundant and active in day than in night transects, and sharp-chin (S. zacentrus) and harlequin (S. variegatus) rockfish were significantly more abundant in night transects. Most taxa, however, did not exhibit distinct diurnal or nocturnal activity patterns. Rosethorn rockfish (S. helvomaculatus) and hagfishes (Eptatretus spp.) showed the clearest diurnal and nocturnal activity patterns, respectively. Because day and night distributions and activity patterns in demersal fishes are likely to influence both catchability and observability in bottom trawl and direct-count in situ surveys, the patterns observed in the current study should be considered for survey design and interpretation. C1 [Clemons, Julia E. R.; Wakefield, W. Waldo] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hart, Ted D.; Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clemons, JER (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Julia.Clemons@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 FU West Coast and Polar Regions Undersea Research Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Northwest and Southwest Fisheries Science Centers; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies at Oregon State University; Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station [ORE00102]; H. Richard Carlson Scholarship; Collaborative Marine Fisheries Fellowship; Oregon State University FX We would especially like to thank the following colleagues who contributed to this study: B. Barss, B. Embley, G. Hendler, M. Hixon, D. Markle, B. McCune, S. Merle, B. Tissot, M. Yoklavich, and K. York. A. Whitmire and T. Cowles generously contributed information on ambient light levels. L. Britt, C. Whitmire, and L. Ciannelli provided constructive reviews of the manuscript. This portion of the Heceta Bank project was funded by the West Coast and Polar Regions Undersea Research Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Undersea Research Program, the Northwest and Southwest Fisheries Science Centers, NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and the Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies at Oregon State University. We would like to thank the professional personnel who operated the ROV ROPOS and the NOAA RV Ronald Brown. T. Hart was supported through the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station project ORE00102, the H. Richard Carlson Scholarship, the Collaborative Marine Fisheries Fellowship and the Bill Wick Award through Oregon State University. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 108 IS 4 BP 466 EP 477 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 676XS UT WOS:000283953000009 ER PT J AU Kim, JK Watson, W Hyde, J Lo, N Kim, JY Kim, S Kim, YS AF Kim, Jin Koo Watson, William Hyde, John Lo, Nancy Kim, Jin Young Kim, Sung Kim, Young Seop TI Molecular identification of Ammodytes (PISCES, Ammodytidae) larvae, with ontogenetic evidence on separating populations SO GENES & GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ammodytes personatus; Ammodytes hexapterus; COI; Identification; Larval development ID LANCE GENUS AMMODYTES; SAND-LANCE; GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS; DNA; JAPAN; KOREA; REGION; EGGS AB A total of ten larval Ammodytes were collected from the Yellow (5 specimens) and Bering Seas (5), and a 638 base pair sequence from their mitochondrial DNA COI genes was analyzed for species identification. Sequences were compared with those of adult Ammodytes personatus from the East (4), the Yellow (2) and the East China Seas (2), and Japan (3). Average genetic distance was 0.064 between the Yellow Sea larvae and the Bering Sea larvae, but was 0.0043 between the Yellow Sea larvae and all the adult A. personatus except two individuals from the East Sea. NJ-tree showed that five Yellow Sea larvae were closely clustered with adult A. personatus, except for two individuals. The five Bering Sea larvae were located distantly from adult A. personatus, and are thought to be A. hexapterus. We found morphological differences among two populations of A. personatus larvae and A. hexapterus larvae in morphometric characters and pigmentation. Our results indicated that the East Sea population of A. personatus is closer to A. hexapterus than to the Yellow Sea population of A. personatus, suggesting the East Sea population may be part of separate species. C1 [Kim, Young Seop] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Res & Dev Planning Dept, Pusan 619902, South Korea. [Kim, Jin Koo] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Watson, William; Hyde, John; Lo, Nancy] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kim, Jin Young] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, SW Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Yosu 556823, South Korea. [Kim, Sung] Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Living Resources Res Div, Ansan 425600, South Korea. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Res & Dev Planning Dept, Pusan 619902, South Korea. EM kys0321@nrfdi.go.kr FU NFRDI; NOAA; Pukyong National University FX We sincerely thank Dr. Y Kai (Kyoto University) for loan samples. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and advice. This work was supported by "US-Korea Bilateral Program between NFRDI and NOAA" and "Pukyong National University". These are contribution number RP-2010-FR-0117 and PE98474. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1976-9571 EI 2092-9293 J9 GENES GENOM JI Genes Genom. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 32 IS 5 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s13258-010-0017-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 694LN UT WOS:000285299700007 ER PT J AU Pendall, E Schwendenmann, L Rahn, T Miller, JB Tans, PP White, JWC AF Pendall, E. Schwendenmann, L. Rahn, T. Miller, J. B. Tans, P. P. White, J. W. C. TI Land use and season affect fluxes of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, H-2 and isotopic source signatures in Panama: evidence from nocturnal boundary layer profiles SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon cycle; C-3; C-4; 13C; greenhouse gas; 18O; Pasture; Plantation; soil respiration; tropical Rainforest ID AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; AIR SAMPLING NETWORK; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; TROPICAL FOREST; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; TEMPORAL VARIATION; EASTERN AMAZONIA; NITROUS-OXIDE; RESPIRED CO2 AB Conversion of tropical rainforests to pastures and plantations is associated with changes in soil properties and biogeochemical cycling, with implications for carbon cycling and trace gas fluxes. The stable isotopic composition of ecosystem respiration (delta 13C(R) and delta 18O(R)) is used in inversion models to quantify regional patterns of CO2 sources and sinks, but models are limited by sparse measurements in tropical regions. We measured soil respiration rates, concentrations of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O and H-2 and the isotopic composition of CO2, CH4 and H-2 at four heights in the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) above three common land-use types in central Panama, during dry and rainy seasons. Soil respiration rates were lowest in Plantation (average 3.4 mu mol m-2 s-1), highest in Pasture (8.3 mu mol m-2 s-1) and intermediate in Rainforest (5.2 mu mol m-2 s-1). delta 13C(R) closely reflected land use and increased during the dry season where C-3 vegetation was present. delta 18O(R) did not differ by land use but was lower during the rainy than the dry season. CO2 was correlated with other species in approximately half of the NBL profiles, allowing us to estimate trace gas fluxes that were generally within the range of literature values. The Rainforest soil was a sink for CH4 but emissions were observed in Pasture and Plantation, especially during the wet season. N2O emissions were higher in Pasture and Plantation than Rainforest, contrary to expectations. Soil H-2 uptake was highest in Rainforest and was not observable in Pasture and Plantation during the wet season. We observed soil CO uptake during the dry season and emissions during the wet season across land-use types. This study demonstrated that strong impacts of land-use change on soil-atmosphere trace gas exchange can be detected in the NBL, and provides useful observational constraints for top-down and bottom-up biogeochemistry models. C1 [Pendall, E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pendall, E.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Schwendenmann, L.] Univ Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. [Rahn, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Miller, J. B.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Ecol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pendall, E (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM Pendall@uwyo.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969; Rahn, Thomas/0000-0001-8634-1348 FU USDA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Wyoming NASA Space Consortium (NASA) [NGT-40102]; Wyoming NASA EPSCoR (NASA) [NCC5-578] FX This project benefited from field assistance from Marco Valdez and laboratory assistance from P. Lang and V. Moore. We thank C. Potvin, R. Stallard and STRI for providing access to study sites. Partial funding for the research was provided by USDA-CSREES Soil Processes Program, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium (NASA Grant #NGT-40102), and Wyoming NASA EPSCoR (NASA Grant #NCC5-578). NR 114 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2721 EP 2736 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02199.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648FV UT WOS:000281676700008 ER PT J AU Hoffman, MJ Greybush, SJ Wilson, RJ Gyarmati, G Hoffman, RN Kalnay, E Ide, K Kostelich, EJ Miyoshi, T Szunyogh, I AF Hoffman, Matthew J. Greybush, Steven J. Wilson, R. John Gyarmati, Gyorgyi Hoffman, Ross N. Kalnay, Eugenia Ide, Kayo Kostelich, Eric J. Miyoshi, Takemasa Szunyogh, Istvan TI An ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system for the martian atmosphere: Implementation and simulation experiments SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, Atmosphere; Atmospheres, Dynamics; Meteorology ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SPECTROMETER TES OBSERVATIONS; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; GLOBAL-MODEL; MARS; DUST; AEROBRAKING; SCHEME; VARIABILITY; CYCLE AB The local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) is applied to the GFDL Mars general circulation model (MGCM) to demonstrate the potential benefit of an advanced data assimilation method. In perfect model (aka identical twin) experiments, simulated observations are used to assess the performance of the LETKF-MGCM system and to determine the dependence of the assimilation on observational data coverage. Temperature retrievals are simulated at locations that mirror the spatial distribution of the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) retrievals from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). The LETKF converges quickly and substantially reduces the analysis and subsequent forecast errors in both temperature and velocity fields, even though only temperature observations are assimilated. The LETKF is also found to accurately estimate the magnitude of forecast uncertainties, notably those associated with the phase and amplitude of baroclinic waves along the boundary of the polar ice cap during Northern Hemisphere winter. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoffman, Matthew J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Greybush, Steven J.; Miyoshi, Takemasa] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilson, R. John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Gyarmati, Gyorgyi; Szunyogh, Istvan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hoffman, Ross N.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ide, Kayo] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci,Ctr Sci Computat & Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kostelich, Eric J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hoffman, MJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 301 Olin Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mjhoffman@jhu.edu RI Kalnay, Eugenia/F-4393-2010; Ide, Kayo/F-8443-2010; Miyoshi, Takemasa/C-2768-2009; Szunyogh, Istvan/G-9248-2012; OI Miyoshi, Takemasa/0000-0003-3160-2525; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 FU NASA [NNX07AN97G, NNX07AV45G] FX This work was supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program (MDAP) Grant NNX07AN97G and the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program (MFRP) Grant NNX07AV45G. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2010 VL 209 IS 2 BP 470 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.034 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 654VL UT WOS:000282199000015 ER PT J AU Judkins, HL Vecchione, M Roper, CFE Torres, J AF Judkins, Heather L. Vecchione, Michael Roper, Clyde F. E. Torres, Joseph TI Cephalopod species richness in the wider Caribbean region SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Cephalopod-International-Advisory-Council CY SEP, 2009 CL Spanish Natl Res Council, Vigo, SPAIN SP Cephalopod Int Advisory Council HO Spanish Natl Res Council DE cephalopod distribution; species richness; wider Caribbean region ID LATITUDINAL DIVERSITY GRADIENTS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; DEEP-SEA; MARINE MOLLUSKS; RAPOPORTS RULE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PATTERNS; NEMATODES; RANGE; SIZE AB The cephalopods of the wider Caribbean region (western central Atlantic) were examined in terms of distribution and ecological importance. In all, 4190 preserved cephalopod specimens were identified and catalogued to produce regional maps of cephalopod distribution within the wider Caribbean. Regional species richness was examined with respect to Rapoport's rule (RR) and to determine possible cephalopod hotspots in the region. Rarefaction curves were used to normalize the samples of various size collected throughout the wider Caribbean. Cephalopods of the wider Caribbean within latitudinal bands from 8 to 308N do not support RR because they exhibit increasing species richness with increasing latitude. Eight subareas were chosen to compare species richness. Regionally, species richness appears to be patchy, with cephalopods concentrated more off the eastern Florida coast. There is a need for increased sampling throughout the wider Caribbean. Areas were lacking in samples, especially the central and southeastern parts of the region. There is a need to explore the systematics, life histories, and distribution patterns for this group of organisms in future. C1 [Judkins, Heather L.; Torres, Joseph] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Vecchione, Michael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Judkins, HL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM judkins@mail.usf.edu NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1392 EP 1400 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq092 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 648UH UT WOS:000281719300010 ER PT J AU Shea, EK Vecchione, M AF Shea, Elizabeth K. Vecchione, Michael TI Ontogenic changes in diel vertical migration patterns compared with known allometric changes in three mesopelagic squid species suggest an expanded definition of a paralarva SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allometry; diel vertical migration; oegopsid; paralarva; squid ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; PELAGIC CEPHALOPODS; DEGREES W; DEGREES N; BIOLOGY; LIFE AB Planktonic and newly hatched cephalopods are routinely called paralarvae. Currently, the onset of diel vertical migration (DVM) marks the end of the paralarval phase, although changes in ontogenic growth trajectories may also be used. Patterns of DVM are reported for the first time for three poorly understood mesopelagic squid species. Discrete-depth samples taken during the Amsterdam Mid North Atlantic Plankton Expeditions (AMNAPE) of 1980-1983 are used to examine the timing of ecological and morphological changes in Chtenopteryx sicula, Mastigoteuthis magna, and Brachioteuthis sp. 3. DVM patterns are species-specific, and ontogenic changes in DVM coincide with allometric changes in the arm, fin, and funnel characters of C. sicula at 7 mm mantle length. Mastigoteuthis magna is not concentrated in the upper 250 m of the water column during the day, and no clear DVM pattern is found in Brachioteuthis sp. 3, meaning that the endpoint of the paralarval phase cannot be defined ecologically in these species. Other ecological transformations, e. g. changes in prey-capture ability, are therefore explored as alternatives to DVM. The pad-shaped club and long neck are proposed as visual markers of the end of the paralarval phase of C. sicula and Brachioteuthis sp. 3, respectively. C1 [Shea, Elizabeth K.] Delaware Museum Nat Hist, Wilmington, DE 19807 USA. [Vecchione, Michael] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Shea, EK (reprint author), Delaware Museum Nat Hist, 4840 Kennett Pike, Wilmington, DE 19807 USA. EM eshea@delmnh.org NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1436 EP 1443 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq104 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 648UH UT WOS:000281719300016 ER PT J AU El-Nimri, SF Jones, WL Uhlhorn, E Ruf, C Johnson, J Black, P AF El-Nimri, Salem Fawwaz Jones, W. Linwood Uhlhorn, Eric Ruf, Christopher Johnson, James Black, Peter TI An Improved C-Band Ocean Surface Emissivity Model at Hurricane-Force Wind Speeds Over a Wide Range of Earth Incidence Angles SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD); hurricane winds; ocean surface emissivity; radiometry; Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) ID TEMPERATURE AB An improved microwave radiometric ocean surface emissivity model has been developed to support forward radiative transfer modeling of brightness temperature and geophysical retrieval algorithms for the next-generation airborne Hurricane Imaging Radiometer instrument. This physically based C-band emissivity model extends current model capabilities to hurricane-force wind speeds over a wide range of incidence angles. It was primarily developed using brightness temperature observations during hurricanes with coincident high-quality surface-truth wind speeds, which were obtained using the airborne Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer. Also, other ocean emissivity models available through the published literature and the spaceborne WindSat radiometer measurements were used. C1 [El-Nimri, Salem Fawwaz; Jones, W. Linwood; Johnson, James] Univ Cent Florida, Cent Florida Remote Sensing Lab, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ruf, Christopher] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Black, Peter] SAIC Inc, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Black, Peter] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP El-Nimri, SF (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Cent Florida Remote Sensing Lab, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM selnimri@mail.ucf.edu; ljones@ucf.edu; eric.uhlhorn@noaa.gov; cruf@umich.edu; jamesj@mail.ucf.edu; peter.black@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012; Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014 OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342 FU Von Braun Center for Science and Innovation, Inc., Huntsville, AL [SUB2006-226]; Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the development of the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer instrument FX Manuscript received April 15, 2009; revised July 21, 2009 and November 16, 2009. Date of publication April 12, 2010; date of current version October 13, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Von Braun Center for Science and Innovation, Inc., Huntsville, AL, under Subcontract SUB2006-226, by the Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the development of the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer instrument. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 BP 641 EP 645 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2010.2043814 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 670SD UT WOS:000283446700005 ER PT J AU Lavery, AC Chu, DZ Moum, JN AF Lavery, Andone C. Chu, Dezhang Moum, James N. TI Observations of Broadband Acoustic Backscattering From Nonlinear Internal Waves: Assessing the Contribution From Microstructure SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Shallow Water (SW06) Experiment CY 2006 CL NJ DE Acoustic scattering; broadband; nonlinear internal waves; turbulent oceanic microstructure; zooplankton ID SOLITARY WAVES; ZOOPLANKTON GROUPS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUND-SCATTERING; ECHO-SOUNDER; TURBULENCE; FREQUENCY; ENERGY; DISSIPATION; CALIBRATION AB In this paper, measurements of high-frequency broadband (160-590 kHz) acoustic backscattering from surface trapped nonlinear internal waves of depression are presented. These waves are ideal for assessing the contribution from oceanic microstructure to scattering as they are intensely turbulent. Almost coincident direct microstructure measurements were performed and zooplankton community structure was characterized using depth-resolved net sampling techniques. The contribution to scattering from microstructure can be difficult to distinguish from the contribution to scattering from zooplankton using a single narrowband frequency as microstructure and zooplankton are often colocated and can have similar scattering levels over a range of frequencies. Yet their spectra are distinct over a sufficiently broad frequency range, allowing broadband backscattering measurements to reduce the ambiguities typically associated with the interpretation of narrowband measurements. In addition, pulse compression signal processing techniques result in very high-resolution images, allowing physical processes that are otherwise hard to resolve to be imaged, such as Kelvin-Helmholtz shear instabilities. In this study, high-resolution acoustic observations of multiple nonlinear internal waves are presented and regions with distinct scattering spectra are identified. Spectra that decrease in level across the available frequency band were highly correlated to regions of intense turbulence and high stratification, and to Kevin-Helmholtz shear instabilities in particular. Spectra that increase in level across the available frequency band were consistent with scattering dominated by small zooplankton. Simple inversions for relevant microstructure parameters are presented. Limitations of, and improvements to, the broadband system and techniques utilized in this study are discussed. C1 [Lavery, Andone C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chu, Dezhang] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moum, James N.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lavery, AC (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM alavery@whoi.edu; Dezhang.Chu@noaa.gov; moum@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Moum, James/A-1880-2012 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 695 EP 709 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2047814 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 688LP UT WOS:000284851100004 ER PT J AU Schmidt, V Weber, TC Wiley, DN Johnson, MP AF Schmidt, Val Weber, Thomas C. Wiley, David N. Johnson, Mark P. TI Underwater Tracking of Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae) With High-Frequency Pingers and Acoustic Recording Tags SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic positioning; long-baseline (LBL) positioning; marine mammal; whale tracking ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; MARINE MAMMALS; SOUND; ARRAY; LOCALIZATION; HYDROPHONE; CLICKS; MODEL AB A long-baseline (LBL) acoustic system has been developed for the tracking of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) that have been tagged with digital acoustic recording devices (DTAGs), providing quantitative observations of submerged whale behavior during bubble net feeding. The system includes three high-frequency acoustic sources deployed from small boats that follow the whale after the animal has been tagged. Integrated global positioning systems (GPSs) provide positioning and synchronized operation of the sources. Time-encoded acoustic signals from the sources are recorded along with whale vocalizations and ambient noise on the whale tag. Time-of-flight measurements, as measured by the tag acoustic data, are converted to range from the whale to each source with a measured sound-speed profile. A nonlinear least squares solution is then solved for the whale's position with a nominal positional fix rate of once per second. The system is demonstrated with data collected from a tagged animal in summer 2007. Dead-reckoned track generation methods commonly used in previous studies are shown to capture the qualitative nature of the whale track, albeit with poor absolute positional accuracy, and to distort the track when the whale's movement is predominantly vertical. In contrast, the LBL data can provide quantitative measures of whale behavior. Transit speeds between bubble net feeding events for this case study are found to range from 0.7 to 1.9 m . s(-1) (n = 8). The mean diameter of bubble net curtains are measured to range from 9.6 to 10.9 m. Whale speeds during bubble net rotations vary from 1.0 to 1.9 m . s(-1) (n = 6). C1 [Schmidt, Val; Weber, Thomas C.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03820 USA. [Wiley, David N.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Situate, MA 02040 USA. [Johnson, Mark P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Schmidt, V (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03820 USA. EM vschmidt@ccom.unh.edu RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012 OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05NOS4001153]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program FX This work was supported by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA05NOS4001153. The work of M. P. Johnson was supported by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. Tagging of whales on Stellwagen Bank was conducted by the staff of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary under NOAA Permit #775-1600-10. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 821 EP 836 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2068610 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 688LP UT WOS:000284851100015 ER PT J AU Kerr, AR Randa, J AF Kerr, Anthony R. Randa, James TI Thermal Noise and Noise Measurements-A 2010 Update SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Noise; Fluctuations; Resistors; Temperature measurement; Elementary particle vacuum; Thermal noise; Hafnium ID LINEAR-AMPLIFIERS; MIXERS C1 [Kerr, Anthony R.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Randa, James] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Randa, James] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kerr, AR (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 40 EP 52 DI 10.1109/MMM.2010.937732 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 668DG UT WOS:000283248200004 ER PT J AU Sutar, S Zhang, Q Seabaugh, A AF Sutar, Surajit Zhang, Qin Seabaugh, Alan TI InAlAs/InGaAs Interband Tunnel Diodes for SRAM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Interband tunneling; PVR; PVCR; resonant interband tunnel diode (RITD); static random access memory (SRAM); tunnel diode (TD); tunnel SRAM; tunneling-based SRAM (TSRAM) ID VALLEY CURRENT RATIO; SILICON SUBSTRATE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PEAK; TRANSISTORS; SPEED AB The dependence of doping and alloy composition in InGaAs/InAlAs double-quantum-well resonant interband tunnel diodes (TDs) for static random access memory (SRAM) applications is explored. The peak current density is shown to vary by 5 orders of magnitude as the effective doping density is varied by a factor of 5. The reasons for this dependence are determined by characterization and analysis of current-voltage-temperature and capacitance-voltage measurements. This paper demonstrates a low-current bistable TD pair for SRAM with peak current density of 4 nA/mu m(2), peak-to-valley current ratio of 14, and peak voltage of 0.05 V enabling static binary storage at a supply voltage as low as 0.25 V. C1 [Sutar, Surajit] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12246 USA. [Zhang, Qin] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seabaugh, Alan] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Sutar, S (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12246 USA. EM seabaugh.l@nd.edu RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129 FU Intel Corporation FX The authors would like to thank B. Doyle, D. Somasekhar, and W. Tsai of Intel for useful discussions and the Intel Corporation for support. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2587 EP 2593 DI 10.1109/TED.2010.2059611 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 669KH UT WOS:000283346500029 ER PT J AU Boukabara, SA Garrett, K Chen, WC AF Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed Garrett, Kevin Chen, Wanchun TI Global Coverage of Total Precipitable Water Using a Microwave Variational Algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU); data assimilation; Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS); microwave variational retrieval; radiosondes; SSMIS; total precipitable water (TPW) ID SOUNDING UNIT; RETRIEVAL; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; VAPOR; LAND; AMSU AB This study introduces a variational approach to retrieve total precipitable water (TPW) over all surface backgrounds including ocean, land, snow, sea-ice, and coastal areas, from microwave sensors. The product has been used routinely by forecasters since its recent operational implementation. The emissivity is accounted for by including its spectrum within the retrieved state vector, which allows for a pixel-to-pixel variation of the emissivity, a factor usually preventing the TPW retrieval over land. The algorithm, implemented operationally at the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA), is called the Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MiRS). Its main characteristic, besides its applicability over all surfaces, is its validity under all weather conditions. With a generic design, the algorithm is being applied to the following microwave sensors: 1) AMSU and MHS onboard NOAA-18; 2) NOAA-19 and Metop-A; as well as 3) SSMI/S onboard DMSP-F16 platform. The assessment of the MiRS performances is done by undertaking extensive comparisons to the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses, to a network of radiosondes and to existing well-established algorithms over ocean, encompassing a wide variety of meteorological situations. The performance of MiRS TPW is shown to depend on the sensor, the reference data source as well as on the surface background considered. It is shown to behave quite well over all surfaces and in all weather conditions, except when there is rain. Although this study focuses on the retrieval of TPW with an emphasis on non-oceanic surfaces, the underlying application of this study is the potential improvement in the variational data assimilation of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. Indeed, the same dynamic approach could be employed in order to assimilate more surface-sensitive microwave channels, over a multitude of surfaces. C1 [Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Garrett, Kevin] IM Syst Grp IMSG Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chen, Wanchun] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Boukabara, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM sid.boukabara@noaa.gov RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Garrett, Kevin/L-7582-2016 OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Garrett, Kevin/0000-0002-7444-4363 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Systems Development Product Systems Development Implementation FX Manuscript received August 14, 2009; revised February 4, 2010. Date of publication May 27, 2010; date of current version September 24, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Systems Development Product Systems Development Implementation. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 10 BP 3608 EP 3621 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2048035 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 669KY UT WOS:000283349400002 ER PT J AU Kim, DK Griffith, D Golmie, N AF Kim, Duk Kyung Griffith, David Golmie, Nada TI A New Call Admission Control Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE vertical handoffs; heterogeneous networks; ring-based model ID PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; SYSTEMS AB Call Admission Control (CAC) between heterogeneous networks, such as an integrated 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) network and a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), plays an important role to utilize the system resources in a more efficient way. In this paper, we propose that the preference to the WLAN is determined based on the traffic load in the WLAN and the location of the cellular users. Our analysis relies on a previous study that divides the 3G cellular coverage area into zones based on the amount of resources that are required to support a connection to a mobile user. Using this model, we derive new call blocking and handoff failure probabilities as well as new call and handoff attempt failure probabilities. Through simulations, we investigate proper preference settings by changing the WLAN load in a 3 ring-based sector with a WLAN hotspot. C1 [Kim, Duk Kyung] Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. [Griffith, David; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, DK (reprint author), Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. EM kdk@inha.ac.kr; david.griffith@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0022460] FX This research was in part supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2010-0022460). NR 7 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 10 BP 3000 EP 3005 DI 10.1109/TWC.2010.090210.100152 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 670OP UT WOS:000283436800005 ER PT J AU Barallon, R Bauer, SR Butler, J Capes-Davis, A Dirks, WG Elmore, E Furtado, M Kline, MC Kohara, A Los, GV MacLeod, RAF Masters, JRW Nardone, M Nardone, RM Nims, RW Price, PJ Reid, YA Shewale, J Sykes, G Steuer, AF Storts, DR Thomson, J Taraporewala, Z Alston-Roberts, C Kerrigan, L AF Barallon, Rita Bauer, Steven R. Butler, John Capes-Davis, Amanda Dirks, Wilhelm G. Elmore, Eugene Furtado, Manohar Kline, Margaret C. Kohara, Arihiro Los, Georgyi V. MacLeod, Roderick A. F. Masters, John R. W. Nardone, Mark Nardone, Roland M. Nims, Raymond W. Price, Paul J. Reid, Yvonne A. Shewale, Jaiprakash Sykes, Gregory Steuer, Anton F. Storts, Douglas R. Thomson, Jim Taraporewala, Zenobia Alston-Roberts, Christine Kerrigan, Liz TI Recommendation of short tandem repeat profiling for authenticating human cell lines, stem cells, and tissues SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Review DE Cell authentication; STR profiling; Consensus standard; Quality control ID CONTAMINATION AB Cell misidentification and cross-contamination have plagued biomedical research for as long as cells have been employed as research tools. Examples of misidentified cell lines continue to surface to this day. Efforts to eradicate the problem by raising awareness of the issue and by asking scientists voluntarily to take appropriate actions have not been successful. Unambiguous cell authentication is an essential step in the scientific process and should be an inherent consideration during peer review of papers submitted for publication or during review of grants submitted for funding. In order to facilitate proper identity testing, accurate, reliable, inexpensive, and standardized methods for authentication of cells and cell lines must be made available. To this end, an international team of scientists is, at this time, preparing a consensus standard on the authentication of human cells using short tandem repeat (STR) profiling. This standard, which will be submitted for review and approval as an American National Standard by the American National Standards Institute, will provide investigators guidance on the use of STR profiling for authenticating human cell lines. Such guidance will include methodological detail on the preparation of the DNA sample, the appropriate numbers and types of loci to be evaluated, and the interpretation and quality control of the results. Associated with the standard itself will be the establishment and maintenance of a public STR profile database under the auspices of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The consensus standard is anticipated to be adopted by granting agencies and scientific journals as appropriate methodology for authenticating human cell lines, stem cells, and tissues. C1 [Elmore, Eugene] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Radiat Oncol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Barallon, Rita; Thomson, Jim] LGC, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. [Bauer, Steven R.] FDA Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Off Cellular Tissue & Gene Therapies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Butler, John; Kline, Margaret C.] NIST, Biochem Sci Div 831, Adv Chem Sci Lab 227, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Capes-Davis, Amanda] Childrens Med Res Inst, CellBank Australia, Westmead, NSW, Australia. [Dirks, Wilhelm G.; MacLeod, Roderick A. F.] DSMZ German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Culture, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [Furtado, Manohar; Shewale, Jaiprakash] Appl Markets Genet Syst Life Technol, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. [Kohara, Arihiro] Natl Inst Biomed Innovat, Dept Biomed Resources, Lab Cell Cultures, Osaka 5670085, Japan. [Los, Georgyi V.] Univ Wisconsin, Neurosci Training Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Masters, John R. W.] UCL, Inst Urol, London W1W 7EJ, England. [Nardone, Mark] NIH, Biotrac Program, Fdn Adv Educ Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nardone, Roland M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Nims, Raymond W.] RMC Pharmaceut Solut Inc, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. [Price, Paul J.] D Finit Cell Technol, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. [Steuer, Anton F.] BioReliance, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Storts, Douglas R.] Promega Corp, Nucle Acid Technol, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Taraporewala, Zenobia] FDA Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Off Cellular Tissue & Gene Therapies, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Reid, Yvonne A.; Sykes, Gregory; Alston-Roberts, Christine; Kerrigan, Liz] Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Elmore, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Radiat Oncol, B146D, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM eelmore@uci.edu RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011; Bauer, Steven/G-5559-2012; OI Bauer, Steven/0000-0003-2831-846X; Capes-Davis, Amanda/0000-0003-4184-6339 NR 15 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 9 BP 727 EP 732 DI 10.1007/s11626-010-9333-z PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 672OC UT WOS:000283594200001 PM 20614197 ER PT J AU Cox, SS Liu, Z Little, JC Howard-Reed, C Nabinger, SJ Persily, A AF Cox, S. S. Liu, Z. Little, J. C. Howard-Reed, C. Nabinger, S. J. Persily, A. TI Diffusion-controlled reference material for VOC emissions testing: proof of concept SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Diffusion model; Emission testing; Interlaboratory study; Reference material; Volatile organic compounds ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POROUS BUILDING-MATERIALS; ANALYTICAL-MODEL; SINK BEHAVIOR; AIR-QUALITY; INDOOR AIR; COEFFICIENTS; PARTITION; CANCER; WATER AB Because of concerns about indoor air quality, there is growing awareness of the need to reduce the rate at which indoor materials and products emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To meet consumer demand for low emitting products, manufacturers are increasingly submitting materials to independent laboratories for emissions testing. However, the same product tested by different laboratories can result in very different emissions profiles because of a general lack of test validation procedures. There is a need for a reference material that can be used as a known emissions source and that will have the same emission rate when tested by different laboratories under the same conditions. A reference material was created by loading toluene into a polymethyl pentene film. A fundamental emissions model was used to predict the toluene emissions profile. Measured VOC emissions profiles using small-chamber emissions tests compared reasonably well to the emissions profile predicted using the emissions model, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach to create a diffusion-controlled reference material. C1 [Cox, S. S.; Liu, Z.; Little, J. C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Howard-Reed, C.; Nabinger, S. J.; Persily, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Little, JC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jcl@vt.edu RI Little, John/B-4154-2009 FU National Institute of Standards and Testing (NIST) [2006-SGP-01, 60NANB6D6156] FX Financial support for the contributions of the authors from Virginia Tech was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Testing (NIST) through the Small Grants Program No. 2006-SGP-01, Award Number 60NANB6D6156. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 424 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00666.x PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 648RZ UT WOS:000281713000008 PM 20579131 ER PT J AU Fleisher, JM Fleming, LE Solo-Gabriele, HM Kish, JK Sinigalliano, CD Plano, L Elmir, SM Wang, JD Withum, K Shibata, T Gidley, ML Abdelzaher, A He, GQ Ortega, C Zhu, XF Wright, M Hollenbeck, J Backer, LC AF Fleisher, Jay M. Fleming, Lora E. Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Kish, Jonathan K. Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Plano, Lisa Elmir, Samir M. Wang, John D. Withum, Kelly Shibata, Tomoyuki Gidley, Maribeth L. Abdelzaher, Amir He, Guoqing Ortega, Cristina Zhu, Xiaofang Wright, Mary Hollenbeck, Julie Backer, Lorraine C. TI The BEACHES Study: health effects and exposures from non-point source microbial contaminants in subtropical recreational marine waters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gastrointestinal illness; respiratory illness; skin illness; indicator organisms; enterococci; recreational water quality ID GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; DOMESTIC SEWAGE; COASTAL WATERS; QUALITY; GASTROENTERITIS; ENVIRONMENT; INDICATORS; RISK; GUIDELINES AB Methods A total of 1303 adult regular bathers were randomly assigned to bather and non-bather groups, with subsequent follow-up for reported illness, in conjunction with extensive environmental sampling of indicator organisms (enterococci). Results Bathers were 1.76 times more likely to report gastrointestinal illness [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94-3.30; P = 0.07]; 4.46 times more likely to report acute febrile respiratory illness (95% CI 0.99-20.90; P = 0.051) and 5.91 times more likely to report a skin illness (95% CI 2.76-12.63; P < 0.0001) relative to non-bathers. Evidence of a dose-response relationship was found between skin illnesses and increasing enterococci exposure among bathers [1.46 times (95% CI 0.97-2.21; P = 0.07) per increasing log(10) unit of enterococci exposure], but not for gastrointestinal or respiratory illnesses. Conclusions This study indicated that bathers may be at increased risk of several illnesses relative to non-bathers, even in the absence of any known source of domestic sewage impacting the recreational marine waters. There was no dose-response relationship between gastroenteritis and increasing exposure to enterococci, even though many current water-monitoring standards use gastroenteritis as the major outcome illness. C1 [Fleisher, Jay M.] Nova SE Univ COM MPH, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA. [Fleisher, Jay M.; Fleming, Lora E.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Kish, Jonathan K.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Plano, Lisa; Elmir, Samir M.; Wang, John D.; Withum, Kelly; Shibata, Tomoyuki; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Abdelzaher, Amir; He, Guoqing; Ortega, Cristina; Zhu, Xiaofang; Wright, Mary; Hollenbeck, Julie] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch, Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, NSF,NIEHS, Miami, FL USA. [Fleming, Lora E.; Plano, Lisa] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Shibata, Tomoyuki; Abdelzaher, Amir; He, Guoqing; Ortega, Cristina; Wright, Mary] Univ Miami, Coll Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Shibata, Tomoyuki; Gidley, Maribeth L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Elmir, Samir M.] Miami Dade Cty Publ Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. [Backer, Lorraine C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fleisher, JM (reprint author), Nova SE Univ COM MPH, 3200 S Univ Dr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA. EM jmfleish@nova.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Health (FL DOH) through Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP); EPA; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School [NSF 0CE0432368, NIEHS P50 ES12736]; NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health; NSF SGER in Oceans and Human Health [NSF SGER 0743987] FX National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Health (FL DOH) through monies from the Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP); the EPA Internship Program; the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF 0CE0432368) and (NIEHS P50 ES12736) and NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health and the NSF SGER (NSF SGER 0743987) in Oceans and Human Health. NR 38 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1298 DI 10.1093/ije/dyq084 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 676RA UT WOS:000283932000025 PM 20522483 ER PT J AU Harrower, C Poirier, E Fritzsche, H Kalisvaart, P Satija, S Akgun, B Mitlin, D AF Harrower, Christopher Poirier, Eric Fritzsche, Helmut Kalisvaart, Peter Satija, Sushil Akgun, Bulent Mitlin, David TI Early deuteration steps of Pd- and Ta/Pd- catalyzed Mg70Al30 thin films observed at room temperature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Metal hydride; Catalyst; Thin film; Neutron reflectometry ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-REFLECTOMETRY; LAYER THICKNESS; MG; ABSORPTION; DESORPTION; MAGNESIUM; SURFACE; METALS AB Deuterium absorption in Mg70Al30 thin films coated with a Pd layer and a Ta/Pd bilayer were investigated using in situ neutron reflectometry at room temperature and deuterium pressures up to 1.3 bar. The approach used provides a detailed profile, at the nanoscale, of the deuterium content inside the specific layers that constitute the films. It is found that Mg70Al30 can store up to 5 wt.% under these mild conditions following a two-step mechanism. The latter involves the deuteration of the top and bottom catalyst layers first, followed by the main Mg70Al30 layer. The presence of deuterium throughout the films in the early absorption stages evidences atomic deuterium spillover from the catalyst layers. The addition of a Ta layer between the Pd and Mg70Al30 was found to allow observable absorption at a pressure 10 times lower than on the Ta-free sample, without affecting the storage capacity. Our measurements imply that this improvement in kinetics is due to a lowering of the nucleation barrier for the formation of the hydride phase in the Mg70Al30 layer. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. All rights reserved. C1 [Poirier, Eric; Fritzsche, Helmut] Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, SIMS, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Harrower, Christopher; Kalisvaart, Peter; Mitlin, David] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Harrower, Christopher; Kalisvaart, Peter; Mitlin, David] Natl Res Council Canada, Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada. [Satija, Sushil; Akgun, Bulent] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fritzsche, H (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, SIMS, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. EM Harrower@ualberta.ca; Helmut.Fritzsche@nrc.gc.ca; dmitlin@ualberta.ca RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Poirier, Eric/J-2387-2014; Mitlin , David /M-5328-2016 OI Poirier, Eric/0000-0001-8622-1397; Mitlin , David /0000-0002-7556-3575 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 19 BP 10343 EP 10348 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.001 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 677GM UT WOS:000283977100037 ER PT J AU Hanssen, LM Mekhontsev, SN Khromchenko, VB AF Hanssen, Leonard M. Mekhontsev, Sergey N. Khromchenko, Vladimir B. TI Validation of the Infrared Emittance Characterization of Materials Through Intercomparison of Direct and Indirect Methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Directional reflectance; Emissivity; Emittance; Fourier spectrometer; Hemispherical reflectance; Integrating sphere; Radiance; Radiance temperature AB A comparison of the spectral directional emittance of samples as a function of wavelength was performed at the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIS) and the Advanced Infrared Radiometry and Imaging (AIRI) facilities at NIST. At the FTIS, the emittance is obtained indirectly through the measurement of near-normal directional-hemispherical reflectance (DHR) using an infrared integrating sphere. At the AIRI, the normal directional emittance is obtained directly through the measurement of the sample spectral radiance referenced to that from blackbody sources, while the sample is located behind a black plate of known temperature and emittance. On the same setup at the AIRI, the normal emittance at near ambient temperatures is also measured indirectly by a "two-temperature" method in which the sample spectral radiance is measured while the background temperature is controlled and varied. The sample emittance measurements on the comparison samples are presented over a wavelength range of 3.4 mu m to 13.5 mu m at several near-ambient temperatures and for near-normal incidence. The results obtained validate the two independent capabilities and demonstrate the potential of the controlled background methods for measurements of the radiative properties of IR materials. C1 [Hanssen, Leonard M.; Mekhontsev, Sergey N.; Khromchenko, Vladimir B.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanssen, LM (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hanssen@nist.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1972 EP 1978 DI 10.1007/s10765-008-0507-9 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 683OO UT WOS:000284485300012 ER PT J AU Moffat, TP Josell, D AF Moffat, Thomas P. Josell, Daniel TI Superconformal Electrodeposition for 3-Dimensional Interconnects SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE copper; electrochemistry; electrodeposition; electroplating; microfabrication ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; THIN-FILMS; METAL IONS; COPPER; SILVER; CU; ADSORPTION; CELLS; GOLD AB Electrodeposition is a key fabrication process used in the state-of-the-art multilevel Cu metallization of microelectronic interconnects, from transistor to circuit board length scale. Recent electrochemical surface science and feature filling studies have provided mechanistic insight into the role of additives in superconformal film growth responsible for void-free filling of recessed surface features. These studies have shown that a physical model based on mass conservation of accelerating surfactant species during area change very effectively describes feature filling of Cu, Ag, and Au from different electrolytes. This paper presents a selective and cursory review of some relevant developments underway in our laboratory. C1 [Moffat, Thomas P.; Josell, Daniel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 47 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISR J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1002/ijch.201000029 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 678ME UT WOS:000284079100008 ER PT J AU Petrenko, B Ignatov, A Kihai, Y Heidinger, A AF Petrenko, B. Ignatov, A. Kihai, Y. Heidinger, A. TI Clear-Sky Mask for the Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLOUD CONTAMINATION; INFRARED IMAGERY; AVHRR DATA; RADIANCES; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM AB The Advanced Clear Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) generates clear-sky products, such as SST, clear-sky radiances, and aerosol, from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-like measurements. The ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM) identifies clear-sky pixels within the ACSPO products. This paper describes the ACSM structure and compares the performances of ACSM and its predecessor, Clouds from AVHRR Extended Algorithm (CLAVRx). ACSM essentially employs online clear-sky radiative transfer simulations enabled within ACSPO with the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) in conjunction with numerical weather prediction atmospheric [Global Forecast System (GFS)] and SST [Reynolds daily high-resolution blended SST (DSST)] fields. The baseline ACSM tests verify the accuracy of fitting observed brightness temperatures with CRTM, check retrieved SST for consistency with Reynolds SST, and identify ambient cloudiness at the boundaries of cloudy systems. Residual cloud effects are screened out with several tests, adopted from CLAVRx, and with the SST spatial uniformity test designed to minimize misclassification of sharp SST gradients as clouds. Cross-platform and temporal consistencies of retrieved SSTs are maintained by accounting for SST and brightness temperature biases, estimated within ACSPO online and independently from ACSM. The performance of ACSM is characterized in terms of statistics of deviations of retrieved SST from the DSST. ACSM increases the amount of "clear'' pixels by 30% to 40% and improves statistics of retrieved SST compared with CLAVRx. ACSM is also shown to be capable of producing satisfactory statistics of SST anomalies if the reference SST field for the exact date of observations is unavailable at the time of processing. C1 [Petrenko, B.; Ignatov, A.; Kihai, Y.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Petrenko, B.] IMSG Inc, Kensington, MD USA. [Kihai, Y.] Dell Perot Syst, Fairfax, VA USA. [Heidinger, A.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Madison, WI USA. RP Petrenko, B (reprint author), Room 601-4,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM boris.petrenko@noaa.gov RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU GOES-R Program Office FX We thank our colleagues John Supper (NESDIS/OSDPD), Xing-Ming Liang, Feng Xu, and Prasanjit Dash (STAR/CIRA), Nikolay Shabanov (STAR/IMSG), and Denise Frey (OSDPD/QSS) for valuable assistance, discussions, and feedback at the different stages of work. Our special thanks go to the reviewers, whose constructive comments greatly helped us to improve the manuscript. This work is conducted under the Algorithm Working Group funded by the GOES-R Program Office. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1609 EP 1623 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1413.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665OB UT WOS:000283044100004 ER PT J AU Zrnic, D Doviak, R Zhang, GF Ryzhkov, A AF Zrnic, Dusan Doviak, Richard Zhang, Guifu Ryzhkov, Alexander TI Bias in Differential Reflectivity due to Cross Coupling through the Radiation Patterns of Polarimetric Weather Radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL; CLASSIFICATION; CALIBRATION; WSR-88D AB Examined is bias in differential reflectivity and its effect on estimates of rain rate due to coupling of the vertically and horizontally polarized fields through the radiation patterns. To that end, a brief review of the effects of the bias on quantitative rainfall measurements is given. Suggestions for tolerable values of this bias are made. Of utmost interest is the bias produced by radars simultaneously transmitting horizontally and vertically polarized fields, as this configuration has been chosen for pending upgrades to the U. S. national network of radars (Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler; WSR-88D). The bias strongly depends on the cross-polar radiation pattern. Two patterns, documented in the literature, are considered. C1 [Zrnic, Dusan; Doviak, Richard] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Zrnic, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX Pattern measurements of the OU PRIME antenna were provided by Enterprise Electronics Corporation and Dr. Boon Leng Cheong of the Atmospheric Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma. Funding for the CIMMS author (AR) came from NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1624 EP 1637 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1350.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665OB UT WOS:000283044100005 ER PT J AU Voss, KJ McLean, S Lewis, M Johnson, C Flora, S Feinholz, M Yarbrough, M Trees, C Twardowski, M Clark, D AF Voss, Kenneth J. McLean, Scott Lewis, Marlon Johnson, Carol Flora, Stephanie Feinholz, Michael Yarbrough, Mark Trees, Charles Twardowski, Mike Clark, Dennis TI An Example Crossover Experiment for Testing New Vicarious Calibration Techniques for Satellite Ocean Color Radiometry SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC; WATERS AB Vicarious calibration of ocean color satellites involves the use of accurate surface measurements of water-leaving radiance to update and improve the system calibration of ocean color satellite sensors. An experiment was performed to compare a free-fall technique with the established Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) measurement. It was found in the laboratory that the radiance and irradiance instruments compared well within their estimated uncertainties for various spectral sources. The spectrally averaged differences between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) values for the sources and the instruments were <2.5% for the radiance sensors and <1.5% for the irradiance sensors. In the field, the sensors measuring the above-surface downwelling irradiance performed nearly as well as they had in the laboratory, with an average difference of <2%. While the water-leaving radiance L(w) calculated from each instrument agreed in almost all cases within the combined instrument uncertainties (approximately 7%), there was a relative bias between the two instrument classes/techniques that varied spectrally. The spectrally averaged (400-600 nm) difference between the two instrument classes/techniques was 3.1%. However, the spectral variation resulted in the free-fall instruments being 0.2% lower at 450 nm and 5.9% higher at 550 nm. Based on the analysis of one matchup, the bias in L(w) was similar to that observed for L(u)(1 m) with both systems, indicating the difference did not come from propagating L(u)(1 m) to L(w). C1 [Voss, Kenneth J.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [McLean, Scott; Lewis, Marlon] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. [McLean, Scott; Lewis, Marlon] Satlantic Inc, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Johnson, Carol] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flora, Stephanie; Feinholz, Michael; Yarbrough, Mark] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Trees, Charles] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Twardowski, Mike] WET Labs Inc, Narragansett, RI USA. [Clark, Dennis] DBA Marine Opt Consulting, Arnold, MD USA. [Clark, Dennis] NIST Utah State Univ Program Opt Sensor Calibrat, Utah State Univ Res Fdn, Logan, UT USA. RP Voss, KJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Room 304,1320 Campo Sano Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM voss@physics.miami.edu RI Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013 OI Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080 FU NASA [NNX06AD44G, NNX06AH14G, NNG04HK33I]; NOAA [NA05AANEG0013]; Space Dynamics Laboratory, Logan, Utah, under a Joint NIST/Utah State University FX This work was supported by NASA under Grants NNX06AD44G (KV), NNX06AH14G (CT), NASA to NOAA NNG04HK33I (BCJ), and NOAA to NIST NA05AANEG0013 (BCJ). Dennis Clark was supported by Space Dynamics Laboratory, Logan, Utah, under a Joint NIST/Utah State University Program in Optical Sensor Calibration. We also would like to thank Dr. James Mueller for his help in interpretation and using his shadowing correction for the MOBY instrument. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1747 EP 1759 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHO737.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665OB UT WOS:000283044100013 ER PT J AU Jackson, DL Wick, GA AF Jackson, Darren L. Wick, Gary A. TI Near-Surface Air Temperature Retrieval Derived from AMSU-A and Sea Surface Temperature Observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATENT-HEAT FLUX; SATELLITE DATA AB A 10-m air temperature (Ta) retrieval using Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A (AMSU-A) and satellite-derived sea surface temperature (Ts) observations is presented. The multivariable linear regression retrieval uses AMSU-A brightness temperatures from the 52.8- and 53.6-GHz channels and satellite-derived daily sea surface temperatures to determine Ta. A regression error of 0.83 degrees C using 841 matched satellite and ship observations demonstrates a high-quality fit of the satellite observations with in situ Ta. Validation of the retrieval using independent International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS) ship and buoy observations results in a bias of -0.21 degrees C and root-mean-square (RMS) differences of 1.55 degrees C. A comparison with previous satellite-based Ta retrievals indicates less bias and significantly smaller RMS differences for the new retrieval. Regional biases inherent to previous retrievals are reduced in several oceanic regions using the new Ta retrieval. Satellite-derived Ts-Ta data were found to agree well with ICOADS buoy data and were significantly improved from previous retrievals. C1 [Jackson, Darren L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jackson, DL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R-PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM darren.l.jackson@noaa.gov RI Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015 OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866 FU NASA [NNM04AA67I]; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This project supported in part by funding from NASA Grant NNM04AA67I in collaboration with Dr. Franklin R. Robertson at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The ICOADS data are from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The original data are available from the RDA (http://dss.ucar.edu) in dataset ds540.1. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1769 EP 1776 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1414.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665OB UT WOS:000283044100015 ER PT J AU Moldover, MR McLinden, MO AF Moldover, Michael R. McLinden, Mark O. TI Using ab initio "data" to accurately determine the fourth density virial coefficient of helium SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Helium; Two-sinker densimeter; Equation of state; Reference data; Gas metrology; Fourth virial coefficient ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; STANDARD; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; VALUES; DENSIMETERS; RANGES AB We combine accurate ab initio calculations of the second and third density virial coefficients. B(T) and C(T), of (4)He with measurements of its (p-rho-T) behavior to determine the fourth density virial coefficient D(7) The measurements were made with a two-sinker, magnetic-suspension densimeter at pressures up to 38 MPa. The measurements on isotherms from T = 223 K to T = 323 K were previously published; new measurements from T = 323 K to T = 500 K are presented here On each isotherm, a regression of the virial expansion was constrained to the ab initio values of B(T) and C(T), the regression determined D(T) as well as two apparatus-dependent parameters that compensated for systematic errors in the measurements. The percentage uncertainties of D(T) ranged from 2.6% at T = 223 K to 95% at T = 400 K to 24 7% at T = 500 K, where these uncertainties are expanded uncertainties with coverage factor of k = 2 corresponding to a 95% confidence interval These uncertainties are 1/6th of the uncertainty obtained without the ab initio values of B(T) and C(T) The apparatus-dependent parameters can be used to calibrate the densimeter, and this will reduce the uncertainty of other measurements made with this two-sinker densimeter The new values of D(T) will find applications in accurate gas metrology, such as a primary pressure standard based on the refractive index of helium (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moldover, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McLinden, Mark O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Moldover, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1193 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2010.02.015 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 632BY UT WOS:000280396300001 ER PT J AU Konda, M Ichikawa, H Tomita, H Cronin, MF AF Konda, Masanori Ichikawa, Hiroshi Tomita, Hiroyuki Cronin, Meghan F. TI Surface Heat Flux Variations across the Kuroshio Extension as Observed by Surface Flux Buoys SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC INTERMEDIATE WATER; SUBTROPICAL MODE WATER; EXTRATROPICAL SST ANOMALIES; AIR-SEA FLUXES; NORTH PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE AB Wintertime sea surface heat flux variability across the Kuroshio Extension (KE) front is analyzed using data from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) buoy in the Kuroshio recirculation gyre south of the KE front and from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology KEO (JKEO) buoy in the north of the front. The coincident data used are from periods during two winters (2007 and 2008), when both buoys had a complete suite of meteorological data. In these two winter periods, the focus of this research is on three types of typical weather patterns referred to here as the northerly wind condition, the monsoon wind condition, and the normal condition. During the northerly wind condition, latent and sensible heat fluxes were large and often varied simultaneously at both sites, whereas during the monsoon wind condition the latent heat flux at the KEO site was significantly larger than that at the JKEO site. The difference between these heat flux patterns is attributed to the different airmass transformations that occur when prevailing winds blow across the KE front versus along the front. Reanalysis products appear to reproduce these heat flux spatial patterns at synoptic scales. It is suggested that the relative frequencies of these different types of weather conditions result in anomalous spatial patterns in the heat fluxes on monthly time scales. C1 [Konda, Masanori] Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Konda, Masanori; Ichikawa, Hiroshi; Tomita, Hiroyuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Konda, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM konda@kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/A-9523-2010 OI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/0000-0001-6576-0455 FU Kyoto University; Apan Aerospace Exploration Agency FX The surface meteorological and oceanic data at KEO used in this study were provided by NOAA/PMEL. The data of JKEO were obtained from JAMSTEC/Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC). The observations from the JKEO buoy were achieved under the collaboration in research between JAMSTEC/RIGC and NOAA/PMEL. The reanalysis dataset used for this study was obtained through the cooperative research project of the JRA-25 long-term reanalysis by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI). The authors appreciate fruitful discussions with Akira Nagano, Hiroki Tokinaga, and Yasushi Karino. Comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers helped to clarify the focus of this manuscript. We also appreciate the cooperation of the crew of the R/V Melville for the deployment and the recovery of the KEO buoy and the R/V Mirai for the deployment and the recovery of the JKEO1 buoy. This study is partly supported by the Joint Research Program between Kyoto University and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Evaluation of the sea surface flux through the improvement of the wind speed derived by GCOM-W1 AMSR2). NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 23 IS 19 BP 5206 EP 5221 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3391.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 662RY UT WOS:000282830500010 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Rosati, A Delworth, T AF Zhang, S. Rosati, A. Delworth, T. TI The Adequacy of Observing Systems in Monitoring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and North Atlantic Climate SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SEA; BIAS; 26.5-DEGREES-N; OSCILLATION AB The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has an important influence on climate, and yet adequate observations of this circulation are lacking. Here, the authors assess the adequacy of past and current widely deployed routine observing systems for monitoring the AMOC and associated North Atlantic climate. To do so, this study draws on two independent simulations of the twentieth century using an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) coupled climate model. One simulation is treated as "truth" and is sampled according to the observing system being evaluated. The authors then assimilate these synthetic "observations" into the second simulation within a fully coupled system that instantaneously exchanges information among all coupled components and produces a nearly balanced and coherent estimate for global climate states including the North Atlantic climate system. The degree to which the assimilation recovers the truth is an assessment of the adequacy of the observing system being evaluated. As the coupled system responds to the constraint of the atmosphere or ocean, the assessment of the recovery for climate quantities such as Labrador Sea Water (LSW) and the North Atlantic Oscillation increases the understanding of the factors that determine AMOC variability. For example, the low-frequency sea surface forcings provided by the atmospheric and sea surface temperature observations are found to excite a LSW variation that governs the long-time-scale variability of the AMOC. When the most complete modern observing system, consisting of atmospheric winds and temperature, is used along with Argo ocean temperature and salinity down to 2000 m, a skill estimate of AMOC reconstruction is 90% (out of 100% maximum). Similarly encouraging results hold for other quantities, such as the LSW. The past XBT observing system, in which deep-ocean temperature and salinity were not available, has a lesser ability to recover the truth AMOC (the skill is reduced to 52%). While these results raise concerns about the ability to properly characterize past variations of the AMOC, they also hold promise for future monitoring of the AMOC and for initializing prediction models. C1 [Zhang, S.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, NOAA, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM shaoqing.zhang@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 23 IS 19 BP 5311 EP 5324 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3677.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 662RY UT WOS:000282830500018 ER PT J AU Butchart, N Cionni, I Eyring, V Shepherd, TG Waugh, DW Akiyoshi, H Austin, J Bruhl, C Chipperfield, MP Cordero, E Dameris, M Deckert, R Dhomse, S Frith, SM Garcia, RR Gettelman, A Giorgetta, MA Kinnison, DE Li, F Mancini, E McLandress, C Pawson, S Pitari, G Plummer, DA Rozanov, E Sassi, F Scinocca, JF Shibata, K Steil, B Tian, W AF Butchart, Neal Cionni, I. Eyring, V. Shepherd, T. G. Waugh, D. W. Akiyoshi, H. Austin, J. Bruehl, C. Chipperfield, M. P. Cordero, E. Dameris, M. Deckert, R. Dhomse, S. Frith, S. M. Garcia, R. R. Gettelman, A. Giorgetta, M. A. Kinnison, D. E. Li, F. Mancini, E. McLandress, C. Pawson, S. Pitari, G. Plummer, D. A. Rozanov, E. Sassi, F. Scinocca, J. F. Shibata, K. Steil, B. Tian, W. TI Chemistry-Climate Model Simulations of Twenty-First Century Stratospheric Climate and Circulation Changes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; MIXED GREENHOUSE GASES; ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE; METEOROLOGICAL ANALYSES; INTERACTIVE CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; CLOUD FORMATION; WATER-VAPOR AB The response of stratospheric climate and circulation to increasing amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone recovery in the twenty-first century is analyzed in simulations of 11 chemistry-climate models using near-identical forcings and experimental setup. In addition to an overall global cooling of the stratosphere in the simulations (0.59 +/- 6 0.07 K decade(-1) at 10 hPa), ozone recovery causes a warming of the Southern Hemisphere polar lower stratosphere in summer with enhanced cooling above. The rate of warming correlates with the rate of ozone recovery projected by the models and, on average, changes from 0.8 to 0.48 K decade(-1) at 100 hPa as the rate of recovery declines from the first to the second half of the century. In the winter northern polar lower stratosphere the increased radiative cooling from the growing abundance of GHGs is, in most models, balanced by adiabatic warming from stronger polar downwelling. In the Antarctic lower stratosphere the models simulate an increase in low temperature extremes required for polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation, but the positive trend is decreasing over the twenty-first century in all models. In the Arctic, none of the models simulates a statistically significant increase in Arctic PSCs throughout the twenty-first century. The subtropical jets accelerate in response to climate change and the ozone recovery produces a westward acceleration of the lower-stratospheric wind over the Antarctic during summer, though this response is sensitive to the rate of recovery projected by the models. There is a strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation throughout the depth of the stratosphere, which reduces the mean age of air nearly everywhere at a rate of about 0.05 yr decade(-1) in those models with this diagnostic. On average, the annual mean tropical upwelling in the lower stratosphere (similar to 70 hPa) increases by almost 2% decade(-1), with 59% of this trend forced by the parameterized orographic gravity wave drag in the models. This is a consequence of the eastward acceleration of the subtropical jets, which increases the upward flux of (parameterized) momentum reaching the lower stratosphere in these latitudes. C1 [Butchart, Neal] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Cionni, I.; Eyring, V.; Dameris, M.; Deckert, R.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Shepherd, T. G.; McLandress, C.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Akiyoshi, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Austin, J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Bruehl, C.; Steil, B.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Cordero, E.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Frith, S. M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Garcia, R. R.; Gettelman, A.; Kinnison, D. E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Giorgetta, M. A.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Li, F.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos, Switzerland. [Rozanov, E.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Sassi, F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Scinocca, J. F.] Univ Victoria, Meteorol Serv Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Butchart, N (reprint author), Hadley Ctr, Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM neal.butchart@metoffice.gov.uk RI Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Li, Feng/H-2241-2012; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016 OI Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Sassi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-9492-7434; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578 FU European Commission [505390-GOCE-CT-2004]; DECC [GA01101]; Defra [GA01101]; MoD [CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5]; SCOUT [O3]; Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan [A-071]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences FX The authors acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation Activity (CCMVal) of the WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. The European groups acknowledge support of the EC Integrated Project SCOUT-O3 (505390-GOCE-CT-2004) funded by the European Commission. Dr. Butchart's research was supported by the Joint DECC, Defra, and MoD Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra (GA01101), MoD (CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5), and SCOUT-O3. CCSR/NIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund (GERF) of the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan (A-071). The CMAM research was supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences through the C-SPARC project. GEOS CCM simulations were conducted on NASA's High-Performance computing resources at NASA Ames Research Center. The MRI simulation was made with the supercomputer at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. NR 81 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 4 U2 79 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 23 IS 20 BP 5349 EP 5374 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3404.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 681IW UT WOS:000284306200001 ER PT J AU Cuddalorepatta, G Williams, M Dasgupta, A AF Cuddalorepatta, Gayatri Williams, Maureen Dasgupta, Abhijit TI Viscoplastic Creep Response and Microstructure of As-Fabricated Microscale Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder Interconnects SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Lead-free solder; grains; creep; viscoplastic; primary creep; secondary creep; recrystallization ID LEAD-FREE SOLDER; SMALL LENGTH SCALES; AG-CU SOLDER; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; SN-3.5AG SOLDER; THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLDER/COPPER JOINTS; THERMAL FATIGUE AB The viscoplastic behavior of as-fabricated, undamaged, microscale Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) Pb-free solder is investigated and compared with that of eutectic Sn-37Pb solder and near-eutectic Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC387) solder from prior studies. Creep measurements of microscale SAC305 solder shear specimens show significant piece-to-piece variability under identical loading. Orientation imaging microscopy reveals that these specimens contain only a few, highly anisotropic Sn grains across the entire joint. For the studied loads, the coarse-grained Sn microstructure has a more significant impact on the scatter in primary creep compared to that in the secondary creep. The observed lack of statistical homogeneity (microstructure) and joint-dependent mechanical behavior of microscale SAC305 joints are consistent with those observed for functional microelectronics interconnects. Compared with SAC305 joints, microscale Sn-37Pb shear specimens exhibit more homogenous behavior and microstructure with a large number of small Sn (and Pb) grains. Creep damage in the Pb-free joint is predominantly concentrated at highly misoriented Sn grain boundaries. The coarse-grained Sn microstructure recrystallizes into new grains with high misorientation angles under creep loading. In spite of the observed joint-dependent behavior, as-fabricated SAC305 is significantly more creep resistant than Sn-37Pb solder and slightly less creep resistant than near-eutectic SAC387 solder. Average model constants for primary and secondary creep of SAC305 are presented. Since the viscoplastic measurements are averaged over a wide range of grain configurations, the creep model constants represent the effective continuum behavior in an average sense. The average secondary creep behavior suggests that the dominant creep mechanism is dislocation climb assisted by dislocation pipe diffusion. C1 [Cuddalorepatta, Gayatri; Dasgupta, Abhijit] Univ Maryland, CALCE Elect Prod & Syst Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Williams, Maureen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cuddalorepatta, G (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CALCE Elect Prod & Syst Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gayatric@umd.edu RI Cuddalorepatta, Gayatri/A-5536-2011 FU Zonta International and Surface Mount Technology Association (SMTA) FX This work is sponsored by the members of the CALCE Electronic Products and Systems Consortium at the University of Maryland, College Park. In addition, Ms. Cuddalorepatta would like to acknowledge Drs. Kil-Won Moon, Mark Vaudin, and Adam Creuziger from National Institute of Standards and Technology for their technical inputs on the OIM measurements, and the support of Zonta International and Surface Mount Technology Association (SMTA). The assistance of Roman Kuehner and Ermal Lamaj for the TMM specimen fabrication is greatly appreciated. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 39 IS 10 BP 2292 EP 2309 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1296-z PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 662EJ UT WOS:000282789800018 ER PT J AU Quan, P Lai, MC Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Kumar, A Hirano, S AF Quan, P. Lai, M. -C. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Kumar, A. Hirano, S. TI Time-Resolved Water Measurement in a PEM Fuel Cell Using High-Resolution Neutron Imaging Technique SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE water transport; PEM fuel cell; neutron imaging technique; dynamic process; time constant ID 2-PHASE FLOW PHENOMENA; RADIOGRAPHY; PART; QUANTIFICATION; TRANSPORT AB The dynamic process of water transport along the through-plane direction in the membrane electrode assembly of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell was investigated using the high-resolution neutron imaging. Four different membrane/gas diffusion layer or membrane/gas diffusion electrode assemblies were tested by measuring the through-plane water thickness profiles. The results indicate that proper design and assembly of the test fixture are critical for accurate water measurement; the accumulation speed of liquid water inside an assembly varies with time; the ionomer in catalyst layers could facilitate water management in the membrane; the time constants for wetting and drying processes are functions of gas diffusion layer thickness, inlet flow rate, and gas dew point; and the time constant for the wetting process is about 1.4 times longer than the corresponding drying process. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001017] C1 [Quan, P.; Lai, M. -C.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumar, A.; Hirano, S.] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Quan, P (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM pquan@wayne.edu FU U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency Agreement No. DE-AI01-01EE50660. The support of Mr. Shinichi Hirano of Ford Motor Co., Ford University Research Program is greatly appreciated as well. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 AR 051009 DI 10.1115/1.4001017 PG 6 GA 628TH UT WOS:000280144100009 ER PT J AU Luke, EP Kollias, P Shupe, MD AF Luke, Edward P. Kollias, Pavlos Shupe, Matthew D. TI Detection of supercooled liquid in mixed-phase clouds using radar Doppler spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; CLIMATE RESEARCH; ARCTIC SURFACE; LIDAR; ICE; SHEBA; TURBULENCE; SENSORS; SEA AB Cloud phase identification from active remote sensors in the temperature range from 0 to 40 degrees C, where both liquid and ice hydrometeor phases are sustainable, is challenging. Millimeter wavelength cloud radars (MMCR) are able to penetrate and detect multiple cloud layers. However, in mixed-phase conditions, ice crystals dominate the radar signal, rendering the detection of liquid droplets from radar observables more difficult. The technique proposed here overcomes this fundamental limitation by using morphological features in MMCR Doppler spectra to detect supercooled liquid droplets in the radar sampling volume in the presence of ice particles. High lidar backscatter and near-zero lidar depolarization measurements (good indicators of the presence of liquid droplets) from the Mixed-Phase Arctic Clouds Experiment (MPACE) conducted in Barrow, Alaska, are used to train the technique and evaluate its potential for detecting mixed-phase conditions. Ceilometer, microwave radiometer, and radiosonde measurements provide additional independent validation. Because of the ability of MMCRs to penetrate multiple liquid layers, this radar-based technique does not suffer from the extinction limitations of lidars and is thus able to expand cloud phase identification methods to cloud regions beyond where lidars can penetrate, providing output at the native radar resolution. The technique is applicable to all profiling radars that have sufficient sensitivity to observe the small amount of liquid in mixed-phase clouds. C1 [Luke, Edward P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kollias, Pavlos] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Luke, EP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Bldg 490D,Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM eluke@bnl.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63965] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-05ER63965. Data were obtained from the ARM archive and University of Wisconsin. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D19201 DI 10.1029/2009JD012884 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 658RQ UT WOS:000282507500003 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Minder, JR Neiman, PJ Sukovich, E AF Lundquist, Jessica D. Minder, Justin R. Neiman, Paul J. Sukovich, Ellen TI Relationships between Barrier Jet Heights, Orographic Precipitation Gradients, and Streamflow in the Northern Sierra Nevada SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATOLOGICAL PRECIPITATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MOIST DYNAMICS; WIND PROFILER; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; MODEL; FLOW; RAINFALL; STORMS AB The rate of precipitation increase with elevation, termed the orographic precipitation gradient (OPG), is critically important for hydrologic forecasting in mountain basins that receive both rain and snow. Here, the following are examined to see how well they are able to predict the OPG and how it changes between storms and years: 1) a linear model of orographic precipitation forced by upstream radiosonde data, 2) monthly Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) precipitation data, and 3) seven years of hourly wind profiler data used to identify characteristics of the Sierra barrier jet (SBJ). These are compared against 124 daily resolution (four of which also had quality controlled, hourly resolution) precipitation gauge records in the northern Sierra Nevada. All methods represent the OPG well in the mean and during a year when less than 30% of the precipitation occurred on days with SBJs. However, the linear model and PRISM do not adequately capture annual variations in the OPG during years when more than 70% of the precipitation occurred on days with SBJs. Throughout all of the years, wind profiler data indicating the height of the SBJ provided additional, and necessary, information. The OPG is negatively correlated with the height of the SBJ. The SBJ height is lower, and hence, the OPG greater when the westerly winds are stronger, with more vertical wind shear. These westerly storms result in greater increases of precipitation with elevation, which act to increase snow storage in most storms but also to increase storm runoff during warmer-than-average storms. C1 [Lundquist, Jessica D.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Minder, Justin R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Neiman, Paul J.; Sukovich, Ellen] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Sukovich, Ellen] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jdlund@u.washington.edu FU NOAA [NA17RJ1232]; NSF [EAR-0838166, EAR-0642835] FX This work was primarily supported by the NOAA HMT project. JDL acknowledges support from NOAA Grant NA17RJ1232 and NSF Grant EAR-0838166. JRM acknowledges support from NSF Grant EAR-0642835. The authors thank the dedicated NOAA/ESRL staff who installed the radar profiler. In addition, we thank the CADWR and cooperators for providing daily and hourly precipitation records across the region and Noah Knowles for automating the downloading of CDEC data and making it available. Finally, thank you to Editor Barros and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and to Mark Raleigh, Jeff Deems, Steve Burges, and Andrey Shcherbina for scientific conversations regarding this material. NR 69 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1156 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1264.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661DE UT WOS:000282702400005 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Qi, YC AF Zhang, Jian Qi, Youcun TI A Real-Time Algorithm for the Correction of Brightband Effects in Radar-Derived QPE SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL PROFILES; UNITED-STATES; OPERATIONAL RADAR; MELTING-LAYER; PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENTS; RAINFALL PRODUCT; REFLECTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; WSR-88D; RANGE AB The bright band (BB) is a layer of enhanced reflectivity due to melting of aggregated snow and ice crystals. The locally high reflectivity causes significant overestimation in radar precipitation estimates if an appropriate correction is not applied. The main objective of the current study is to develop a method that automatically corrects for large errors due to BB effects in a real-time national radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) product. An approach that combines the mean apparent vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) computed from a volume scan of radar reflectivity observations and an idealized linear VPR model was used for computational efficiency. The methodology was tested for eight events from different regions and seasons in the United States. The VPR correction was found to be effective and robust in reducing overestimation errors in radar-derived QPE, and the corrected radar precipitation fields showed physically continuous distributions. The correction worked consistently well for radars in flat land regions because of the relatively uniform spatial distributions of the BB in those areas. For radars in mountainous regions, the performance of the correction is mixed because of limited radar visibility in addition to large spatial variations of the vertical precipitation structure due to underlying topography. C1 [Zhang, Jian] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Qi, Youcun] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), NSSL WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jian.zhang@noaa.gov FU NOAA; NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX Major funding for this research was provided under NOAA's Hydro-Meteorological Testbed (HMT) program and partial funding was provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. The authors thank Kenneth Howard for many insightful discussions during this study. This manuscript has greatly benefited from the comments of anonymous reviewers, and from the comments of Drs. David Jorgensen, J. J. Gourley, Alexander Ryzhkov, and David Kingsmill. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1171 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1201.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661DE UT WOS:000282702400006 ER PT J AU Lu, CG Yuan, HL Tollerud, EI Wang, N AF Lu, Chungu Yuan, Huiling Tollerud, Edward I. Wang, Ning TI Scale-dependent uncertainties in global QPFs and QPEs from NWP model and satellite fields (vol 11, pg 139, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Lu, Chungu; Wang, Ning] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lu, Chungu; Yuan, Huiling; Tollerud, Edward I.; Wang, Ning] NOAA ESRL Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Yuan, Huiling] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lu, CG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM huiling.yuan@noaa.gov RI Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1200 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1332.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661DE UT WOS:000282702400011 ER PT J AU Chin, J Forster, A Ocel, J Hartmann, J Fuchs, P Hunston, D AF Chin, Joannie Forster, Aaron Ocel, Justin Hartmann, Joseph Fuchs, Paul Hunston, Donald TI Thermoviscoelastic Analysis and Creep Testing of Ambient Temperature Cure Epoxies Used in Adhesive Anchor Applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Epoxy; Adhesives; Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis; Time-temperature superposition; Creep compliance; Adhesive anchors ID POLYMERS AB Thermoviscoelastic properties and creep response of two commercial ambient temperature cure epoxy structural adhesives were analyzed and compared. The adhesives were formulated by the same manufacturer and appeared to be chemically similar; however, one system contained accelerators to shorten its cure time. In the laboratory, dynamic mechanical temperature/frequency sweeps were performed on both systems to generate dynamic mechanical and creep compliance master curves using time-temperature superposition principles. Differences were observed in the dynamic mechanical properties of the two adhesive systems as well as in their calculated creep compliance, which have been attributed to differences in their curing agent(s) and accelerator(s). Full-scale creep tests were carried out on anchors installed in concrete slabs and subjected to sustained loads for 82 days. These results were in good agreement with the creep compliance estimated using time-temperature superposition, suggesting that dynamic mechanical testing can be a useful metrology for characterizing trends in creep behavior. C1 [Chin, Joannie; Forster, Aaron; Hunston, Donald] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ocel, Justin; Hartmann, Joseph] Fed Hwy Adm, Turner Fairbank Hwy Res Ctr, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Fuchs, Paul] Fuchs Consulting Inc, Leesburg, VA 20176 USA. RP Chin, J (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joannie.chin@nist.gov; aaron.forster@nist.gov; justin.ocel@fhwa.dot.gov; joey.hartmann@fhwa.dot.gov; paul.fuchs@fuchsconsultinginc.com; donald.hunston@nist.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1039 EP 1046 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000108 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 650RY UT WOS:000281870700011 ER PT J AU Shah, JJ Geist, J Gaitan, M AF Shah, Jayna J. Geist, Jon Gaitan, Michael TI Microwave-induced adjustable nonlinear temperature gradients in microfluidic devices SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DNA MUTATION DETECTION; CHIP; ELECTROPHORESIS; SYSTEMS; MICROCHIP AB We describe on-chip microwave generation of spatial temperature gradients in a polymeric microfluidic device that includes an integrated microstrip transmission line. The transmission line was fabricated photolithographically on commercially available adhesive copper tape. The fluid temperature during microwave heating was measured by observing the temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity of a dye solution in the microchannel. Large interference effects, which were produced by superposition of a sinusoidal and two exponential temperature distributions, were measured at 12 GHz and 19 GHz. Temperature extremes of 31 degrees C and 53 degrees C at the minimum and maximum of the sinusoid were established within 1 s. The sinusoid also produced a quasilinear temperature gradient along a 2 mm distance with a slope of 7.3 degrees C mm(-1). This technique has the potential to benefit many biological, chemical and physical applications requiring rapid temperature gradients. C1 [Shah, Jayna J.; Geist, Jon; Gaitan, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shah, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjshah@ieee.org; gaitan@nist.gov OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X FU Office of Science and Technology of the National Institute of Justice FX This research was performed while JJS held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award at the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL) of NIST. We thank J Atencia, S Leigh and B Nablo for helpful discussions. We also thank the Office of Science and Technology of the National Institute of Justice for providing part of the support for this work. Device fabrication was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab facility in Gaithersburg, MD. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 10 AR 105025 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/20/10/105025 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 655SR UT WOS:000282270300038 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Ginis, I Hara, T AF Fan, Yalin Ginis, Isaac Hara, Tetsu TI Momentum Flux Budget across the Air-Sea Interface under Uniform and Tropical Cyclone Winds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WAVE EQUATIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT; DRAG COEFFICIENT; GENERATED WAVES; PART I; OCEAN; MODEL; SPECTRA; SIMULATIONS; EXCHANGE AB In coupled ocean-atmosphere models, it is usually assumed that the momentum flux into ocean currents is equal to the flux from air (wind stress). However, when the surface wave field grows (decays) in space or time, it gains (loses) momentum and reduces (increases) the momentum flux into subsurface currents compared to the flux from the wind. In particular, under tropical cyclone (TC) conditions the surface wave field is complex and fast varying in space and time and may significantly affect the momentum flux from wind into ocean. In this paper, numerical experiments are performed to investigate the momentum flux budget across the air-sea interface under both uniform and idealized TC winds. The wave fields are simulated using the WAVEWATCH III model. The difference between the momentum flux from wind and the flux into currents is estimated using an air-sea momentum flux budget model. In many of the experiments, the momentum flux into currents is significantly reduced relative to the flux from the wind. The percentage of this reduction depends on the choice of the drag coefficient parameterization and can be as large as 25%. For the TC cases, the reduction is mainly in the right-rear quadrant of the hurricane, and the percentage of the flux reduction is insensitive to the changes of the storm size and the asymmetry in the wind field but varies with the TC translation speed and the storm intensity. The results of this study suggest that it is important to explicitly resolve the effect of surface waves for accurate estimations of the momentum flux into currents under TCs. C1 [Fan, Yalin] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Fan, Yalin] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ginis, Isaac; Hara, Tetsu] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Fan, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yalinfan@princeton.edu RI Hara, Tetsu/G-9779-2011 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM 0406895]; WeatherPredict Consulting Inc.; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-10729]; Korea Research and Development Institute [500-2802-0000-0001377] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through Grants ATM 0406895 and WeatherPredict Consulting Inc. via a grant to the URI Foundation. TH and IG also thank the U.S. Office of Naval Research (CBLAST program, Grant N00014-06-10729) and the Korea Research and Development Institute (Grant 500-2802-0000-0001377) for additional support. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2221 EP 2242 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4299.1 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 665RO UT WOS:000283053400002 ER PT J AU Farneti, R Delworth, TL AF Farneti, Riccardo Delworth, Thomas L. TI The Role of Mesoscale Eddies in the Remote Oceanic Response to Altered Southern Hemisphere Winds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE MODELS; TRANSPORT AB It has been suggested that a strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere winds would induce a more vigorous overturning through an increased northward Ekman flux, bringing more light waters into the oceanic basins and enhancing the upwelling of North Atlantic Deep Water in the Southern Ocean, thereby increasing ocean ventilation. Simulations from a coarse-and a fine-resolution version of a coupled model, subject to idealized wind stress changes in the Southern Ocean, are presented. In the fine-resolution eddy-permitting model, changes in poleward eddy fluxes largely compensate for the enhanced equatorward Ekman transport in the Southern Ocean. As a consequence, northward transport of light waters, pycnocline depth, Northern Hemisphere overturning, and Southern Ocean upwelling anomalies are much reduced compared with simulations in the coarse-resolution model with parameterized eddies. These results suggest a relatively weak sensitivity of present-day global ocean overturning circulation to the projected strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere winds. C1 [Farneti, Riccardo] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Farneti, R (reprint author), ICTP, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Str Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy. EM rfarneti@ictp.it RI Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2348 EP 2354 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4480.1 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 665RO UT WOS:000283053400011 ER PT J AU Mason, G Dragovich, J AF Mason, Greg Dragovich, Jeff TI Program Assessment and Evaluation Using Student Grades Obtained on Outcome-Related Course Learning Objectives SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Assessment; Education; ABET AB A methodology was developed for assessing student performance with respect to program outcomes and course objectives using available graded coursework. The methodology uses a matrix formulation to relate individual coursework problems to program outcomes and course objectives. Assessment data and required mapping matrices are collected in spreadsheet form and automatically transferred to a relational database. Student and class performance with respect to program objectives is calculated using Structured Query Language (SQL) queries and data fitting through least-squares. The methodology was used to collect data, assess student performance, and identify necessary program changes over a four-year period in an engineering program. C1 [Mason, Greg] Seattle Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. [Dragovich, Jeff] Seattle Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. [Dragovich, Jeff] NIST, Natl Earthquake Hazards Reduct Program, Bldg & Fire Res Lab MS 8604, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mason, G (reprint author), Seattle Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 901 12th Ave, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM mason@seattleu.edu; jeff.dragovich@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 4 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000029 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 650OC UT WOS:000281857900005 ER PT J AU Tu, CJ Rudnick, PA Martinez, MY Cheek, KL Stein, SE Slebos, RJC Liebler, DC AF Tu, Chengjian Rudnick, Paul A. Martinez, Misti Y. Cheek, Kristin L. Stein, Stephen E. Slebos, Robbert J. C. Liebler, Daniel C. TI Depletion of Abundant Plasma Proteins and Limitations of Plasma Proteomics SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE plasma; high-abundance protein depletion; multiple affinity removal system; isoelectric focusing; shotgun proteomics ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN SERUM; IMMUNOAFFINITY SEPARATION; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; STRATEGIES; BINDING; COLUMN AB Immunoaffinity depletion with antibodies to the top 7 or top 14 high-abundance plasma proteins is used to enhance detection of lower abundance proteins in both shotgun and targeted proteomic analyses. We evaluated the effects of top 7/top 14 immunodepletion on the shotgun proteomic analysis of human plasma. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of immunodepletion on detection of proteins across detectable ranges of abundance. The depletion columns afforded highly repeatable and efficient plasma protein fractionation. Relatively few nontargeted proteins were captured by the depletion columns. Analyses of unfractionated and immunodepleted plasma by peptide isoelectric focusing (IEF), followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), demonstrated enrichment of nontargeted plasma proteins by an average of 4-fold, as assessed by MS/MS spectral counting. Either top 7 or top 14 immunodepletion resulted in a 25% increase in identified proteins compared to unfractionated plasma. Although 23 low-abundance (<10 ng mL(-1)) plasma proteins were detected, they accounted for only 5-6% of total protein identifications in immunodepleted plasma. In both unfractionated and immunodepleted plasma, the 50 most abundant plasma proteins accounted for 90% of cumulative spectral counts and precursor ion intensities, leaving little capacity to sample lower abundance proteins. Untargeted proteomic analyses using current LC-MS/MS platforms-even with immunodepletion-cannot be expected to efficiently discover low-abundance, disease-specific biomarkers in plasma. C1 [Tu, Chengjian; Slebos, Robbert J. C.; Liebler, Daniel C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Jim Ayers Inst Precanc Detect & Diag, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Tu, Chengjian; Martinez, Misti Y.; Cheek, Kristin L.; Liebler, Daniel C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.; Stein, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slebos, Robbert J. C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Liebler, DC (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Jim Ayers Inst Precanc Detect & Diag, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM daniel.liebler@vanderbilt.edu OI Liebler, Daniel/0000-0002-7873-3031 FU National Cancer Institute [5U24CA126479]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Cancer Institute FX This work was supported by a cooperative agreement award 5U24CA126479 from the National Cancer Institute through the Clinical Proteomic Technology Assessment for Cancer (CPTAC) program and by an interagency agreement between the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4982 EP 4991 DI 10.1021/pr100646w PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 655NX UT WOS:000282257800011 PM 20677825 ER PT J AU Dubernet, ML Boudon, V Culhane, JL Dimitrijevic, MS Fazliev, AZ Joblin, C Kupka, F Leto, G Le Sidaner, P Loboda, PA Mason, HE Mason, NJ Mendoza, C Mulas, G Millar, TJ Nunez, LA Perevalov, VI Piskunov, N Ralchenko, Y Rixon, G Rothman, LS Roueff, E Ryabchikova, TA Ryabtsev, A Sahal-Brechot, S Schmitt, B Schlemmer, S Tennyson, J Tyuterev, VG Walton, NA Wakelam, V Zeippen, CJ AF Dubernet, M. L. Boudon, V. Culhane, J. L. Dimitrijevic, M. S. Fazliev, A. Z. Joblin, C. Kupka, F. Leto, G. Le Sidaner, P. Loboda, P. A. Mason, H. E. Mason, N. J. Mendoza, C. Mulas, G. Millar, T. J. Nunez, L. A. Perevalov, V. I. Piskunov, N. Ralchenko, Y. Rixon, G. Rothman, L. S. Roueff, E. Ryabchikova, T. A. Ryabtsev, A. Sahal-Brechot, S. Schmitt, B. Schlemmer, S. Tennyson, J. Tyuterev, V. G. Walton, N. A. Wakelam, V. Zeippen, C. J. TI Virtual atomic and molecular data centre SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Atomic data; Molecular data; Astrophysics; Atmospheric physics; Fusion; Radiation; Lighting; Space physics; Planetology ID SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; ONLINE DATABASE; ICE; ASTROCHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERE; MIXTURES; PROFILE; BAND; CH4 AB The Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC, http://www.vamdc.eu) is a European Union funded collaboration between groups involved in the generation, evaluation, and use of atomic and molecular data. VAMDC aims to build a secure, documented, flexible and interoperable e-science environment-based interface to existing atomic and molecular data. The project will cover establishing the core consortium, the development and deployment of the infrastructure and the development of interfaces to the existing atomic and molecular databases. It will also provide a forum for training potential users and dissemination of expertise worldwide. This review describes the scope of the VAMDC project; it provides a survey of the atomic and molecular data sets that will be included plus a discussion of how they will be integrated. Some applications of these data are also discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dubernet, M. L.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS INP, UMR 7092, Lab Phys Mol Atmosphere & Astrophys, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Dubernet, M. L.; Roueff, E.] Observ Paris, CNRS INSU, UMR 8102, Lab Univers & Theories,Sect Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Boudon, V.] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 5209, Lab Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Culhane, J. L.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey RH5 6NT, England. [Dimitrijevic, M. S.] Astron Observ, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. [Fazliev, A. Z.; Perevalov, V. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk 634021, Russia. [Joblin, C.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS INSU, UMR 5187, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 9, France. [Kupka, F.] Univ Vienna, Fac Math, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Leto, G.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Le Sidaner, P.] Observ Paris, CNRS INSU, UMS 2201, VO Paris Data Ctr,Div Informat Observ, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Loboda, P. A.] All Russian Inst Tech Phys RFNTC VNIITF, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Snezhinsk 456770, Chelyabinsk Reg, Russia. [Mason, H. E.] Ctr Math Sci, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Mason, N. J.] Open Univ, Fac Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Mendoza, C.; Nunez, L. A.] Univ Los Andes, CeCalCULA, Corp Parque Tecnol Merida, Ctr Nacl Calculo Cient, Merida 5101, Venezuela. [Mendoza, C.] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Nunez, L. A.] Univ Ind Santander, Esc Fis, GIRG, Bucaramanga, Colombia. [Mulas, G.] Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. [Piskunov, N.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Ralchenko, Y.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rothman, L. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Millar, T. J.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Ryabchikova, T. A.] RAS, Inst Astron, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Ryabtsev, A.] RAS, Inst Spect, Troitsk 142190, Russia. [Sahal-Brechot, S.; Zeippen, C. J.] Observ Paris, CNRS INSU, UMR 8112, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Mat Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Schmitt, B.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS INSU, UMR 5109, Lab Planetol Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Schlemmer, S.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Tennyson, J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Tyuterev, V. G.] Univ Reims, UFR Sci Exactes & Nat, CNRS INP, Grp Spect Mol & Atmospher,UMR 6089, F-51687 Reims 2, France. [Rixon, G.; Walton, N. A.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Wakelam, V.] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS INSU, UMR 5804, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, F-33271 Floirac, France. RP Dubernet, ML (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS INP, UMR 7092, Lab Phys Mol Atmosphere & Astrophys, Case 76,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM Marie-Lise.Dubernet-Tuckey@upmc.FR RI BOUDON, Vincent/A-4504-2010; Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Schmitt, Bernard/A-1064-2009; Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Mulas, Giacomo/B-7480-2013; Nunez, Luis/D-3404-2013; Schlemmer, Stephan/E-2903-2015; Leto, Giuseppe/N-3355-2015; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; OI Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847; Millar, Tom/0000-0001-5178-3656; Schmitt, Bernard/0000-0002-1230-6627; Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Mulas, Giacomo/0000-0003-0602-6669; Nunez, Luis/0000-0003-4575-5899; Schlemmer, Stephan/0000-0002-1421-7281; Leto, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0040-5011; Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Wakelam, Valentine/0000-0001-9676-2605 FU VAMDC [INFRA-2008-1.2.2, 239108] FX VAMDC is funded under the "Combination of Collaborative Projects and Coordination and Support Actions" Funding Scheme of The Seventh Framework Program. Call topic: INFRA-2008-1.2.2 Scientific Data Infrastructure. Grant Agreement number: 239108. NR 55 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 111 IS 15 SI SI BP 2151 EP 2159 DI 10.1016/j.jqsa.2010.05.004 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 643CE UT WOS:000281269800003 ER PT J AU Tennyson, J Bernath, PF Brown, LR Campargue, A Csaszar, AG Daumont, L Gamache, RR Hodges, JT Naumenko, OV Polyansky, OL Rothman, LS Toth, RA Vandaele, AC Zobov, NF Fally, S Fazliev, AZ Furtenbacher, T Gordon, IE Hu, SM Mikhailenko, SN Voronin, BA AF Tennyson, Jonathan Bernath, Peter F. Brown, Linda R. Campargue, Alain Csaszar, Attila G. Daumont, Ludovic Gamache, Robert R. Hodges, Joseph T. Naumenko, Olga V. Polyansky, Oleg L. Rothman, Laurence S. Toth, Robert A. Vandaele, Ann Carine Zobov, Nikolai F. Fally, Sophie Fazliev, Alexander Z. Furtenbacher, Tibor Gordon, Iouli E. Hu, Shui-Ming Mikhailenko, Semen N. Voronin, Boris A. TI IUPAC critical evaluation of the rotational-vibrational spectra of water vapor. Part II Energy levels and transition wavenumbers for (HDO)-O-16, (HDO)-O-17, and (HDO)-O-18 SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Water vapor; Transition wavenumbers; Atmospheric physics; Energy levels; MARVEL; Information system; Database; W@DIS; Infrared spectra; Microwave spectra; (HDO)-O-16; (HDO)-O-17; (HDO)-O-18 ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; BEAM-MASER SPECTROSCOPY; HETERODYNE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; LORENTZ-BROADENING COEFFICIENTS; LINE-SHIFT COEFFICIENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CM(-1) REGION; MU-M; HYPERFINE STRUCTURE AB This is the second of a series of articles reporting critically evaluated rotational-vibrational line positions, transition intensities, pressure dependences, and energy levels, with associated critically reviewed assignments and uncertainties, for all the main isotopologues of water. This article presents energy levels and line positions of the following singly deuterated isotopologues of water: (HDO)-O-16, (HDO)-O-17, and (HDO)-O-18. The MARVEL (measured active rotational-vibrational energy levels) procedure is used to determine the levels, the lines, and their self-consistent uncertainties for the spectral regions 0-22708, 0-1674, and 0-12 105 cm(-1) for (HDO)-O-16, (HDO)-O-17, and (HDO)-O-18, respectively. For (HDO)-O-16, 54 740 transitions were analyzed from 76 sources, the lines come from spectra recorded both at room temperature and from hot samples. These lines correspond to 36 690 distinct assignments and 8818 energy levels. For (HDO)-O-17, only 485 transitions could be analyzed from three sources; the lines correspond to 162 MARVEL energy levels. For (HDO)-O-18, 8729 transitions were analyzed from 11 sources and these lines correspond to 1864 energy levels. The energy levels are checked against ones determined from accurate variational nuclear motion computations employing exact kinetic energy operators. This comparison shows that the measured transitions account for about 86% of the anticipated absorbance of (HDO)-O-16 at 296 K and that the transitions predicted by the MARVEL energy levels account for essentially all the remaining absorbance. The extensive list of MARVEL lines and levels obtained are given in the Supplementary Material of this article, as well as in a distributed information system applied to water, W@DIS, where they can easily be retrieved. In addition, the transition and energy level information for (H2O)-O-17 and (H2O)-O-18, given in the first paper of this series [Tennyson, et al. J Quant Spectr Rad Transfer 2009;110:573-96], has been updated. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tennyson, Jonathan; Polyansky, Oleg L.] Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Bernath, Peter F.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Brown, Linda R.; Toth, Robert A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Campargue, Alain] Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France. [Csaszar, Attila G.; Furtenbacher, Tibor] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, Hungary. [Daumont, Ludovic] Univ Reims, Reims, France. [Gamache, Robert R.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. [Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Naumenko, Olga V.; Fazliev, Alexander Z.; Mikhailenko, Semen N.; Voronin, Boris A.] Russian Acad Sci, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk 634021, Russia. [Polyansky, Oleg L.; Zobov, Nikolai F.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Rothman, Laurence S.; Gordon, Iouli E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vandaele, Ann Carine] Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Fally, Sophie] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. [Hu, Shui-Ming] Univ Sci & Technol China, Lab Bond Select Chem, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Tennyson, J (reprint author), Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM j.tennyson@ucl.ac.UK RI Csaszar, Attila/A-5241-2009; Hu, Shuiming/C-4287-2008; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Voronin, Boris/A-3444-2014; OI Hu, Shuiming/0000-0002-1565-8468; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Voronin, Boris/0000-0002-8743-5554; Gordon, Iouli/0000-0003-4763-2841; Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847 FU International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry [2004-035-1-100]; UK Natural Environment Research Council, the Royal Society [WWLC-008535-(reintegration) MCA FP6 EC]; Scientific Research Fund. of Hungary [OTKA K77825]; European Union; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A, PRODEX 1514901NLSFe(IC)]; Communaute de Belgique (Action de Recherche Concertees); NASA [NNX08AD92G]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0803135]; CNRS (INSU) FX We all thank the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for funding under project 2004-035-1-100 (A database of water transitions from experiment and theory). In addition, this work has received partial support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council, the Royal Society, Grant WWLC-008535-(reintegration) MCA FP6 EC, the Scientific Research Fund. of Hungary (Grant OTKA K77825), the European Union QUASAAR Marie Curie research training network, NATO, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (contracts EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A, PRODEX 1514901NLSFe(IC)), the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRFC contracts), the Communaute de Belgique (Action de Recherche Concertees), the NASA laboratory astrophysics program, NASA Earth Observing System (E0S), under Grant NNX08AD92G, the National Science Foundation, through Grant no. ATM-0803135, and the Programme National LEFE (CHAT) of CNRS (INSU). Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 150 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 8 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 111 IS 15 SI SI BP 2160 EP 2184 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.06.012 PG 25 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 643CE UT WOS:000281269800004 ER PT J AU Kohlmann, H Skripov, AV Soloninin, AV Udovic, TJ AF Kohlmann, H. Skripov, A. V. Soloninin, A. V. Udovic, T. J. TI The anti-perovskite type hydride InPd3H0.89 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metal hydrides; Palladium; Neutron powder diffraction; Inelastic neutron scattering; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PALLADIUM-HYDROGEN SYSTEM; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; PHASE; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITIONS; MGPD3 AB Hydrogenation of tetragonal InPd3 in the ZrAl3 type structure (four-fold ccp superstructure) yields a hydride with a cubic AuCu3 type structure (one-fold ccp superstructure). Deuterium can be located by neutron powder diffraction in octahedral voids surrounded exclusively by palladium, [Pd-6], which are 88.5(6)% occupied in a statistical manner. The resulting deuteride InPd3D0.89 thus crystallizes in a cubic anti-perovskite type structure (space group Pm (3) over barm (no. 221), a=402.25(1) pm at 299(2) K). The Pd-D distance of 201.13(1) pm is typical for interstitial hydrides with palladium. Inelastic neutron scattering on the hydride InPd3H0.89, which shows a spectrum similar to that of binary palladium hydride, confirms the cubic site symmetry of hydrogen in [Pd-6] interstices. This is also confirmed by the absence of any quadrupole splitting in the D-2-NMR signal of the deuteride. H-1 NMR spectra of InPd3H0.89 do not show any motional narrowing. Values found for the H jump rate tau(-1) in InPd3H0.89 remain below 10(6) s(-1) in the studied temperature range 28-360K. indicating a small hydrogen mobility in InPd3H0.8 as compared with binary palladium hydride, PdH (<= 1).This can be attributed to the large spatial separation of the [Pd-6] sites. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kohlmann, H.] Univ Saarland, D-66125 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Skripov, A. V.; Soloninin, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. [Udovic, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kohlmann, H (reprint author), Univ Saarland, Fachrichtung 8-1 Anorgan Festkorperchem,Markt Zei, D-66125 Saarbrucken, Germany. EM h.kohlmann@mx.uni-saarland.de RI Kohlmann, Holger/C-6244-2009; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Ko1803/2-1] FX This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ko1803/2-1). We thank H. Recktenwald and S. Beetz (Saarbrucken) for technical assistance, C. Ritter for assistance with the neutron powder diffraction experiments, and J.J. Rush for useful discussions. The Institut Laue-Langevin (Grenoble, France) is gratefully acknowledged for the allocation of beam time. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 183 IS 10 BP 2461 EP 2465 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.08.015 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 663FR UT WOS:000282868900031 ER PT J AU Alashker, Y El-Tawil, S Sadek, F AF Alashker, Yasser El-Tawil, Sherif Sadek, Fahim TI Progressive Collapse Resistance of Steel-Concrete Composite Floors SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Composite floor systems; Robustness; Disproportionate collapse; Finite-element analysis; Progressive collapse; Shear connections; Shear tab; Connection ID BEHAVIOR AB This paper discusses the progressive collapse resistance of steel-concrete composite floors in which steel beams are attached to columns through shear tabs. This is a common type of system used for the gravity bay portions of steel buildings. The study is conducted using computational simulation models validated through extensive comparisons to disparate test data. The models are used to investigate key parameters influencing the robustness of generic composite floors subjected to the removal of a center column. In particular, the effects of deck thickness, steel reinforcement, and the numbers of bolts in the shear tab connection on the behavior of the system are studied as a function of the loading scheme. The simulation results show that the majority of collapse resistance comes from the steel deck and that, for the system considered, increasing connection strength by adding more bolts might not be that beneficial in increasing overall collapse strength. The dynamic impact factor, which is widely used to account for dynamic effects within a static design framework, is also computed and the DIF value recommended in existing design guidelines is evaluated. C1 [Alashker, Yasser; El-Tawil, Sherif] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sadek, Fahim] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Struct Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP El-Tawil, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yasserra@umich.edu; eltawil@umich.edu; fahim.sadek@nist.gov OI El-Tawil, Sherif/0000-0001-6437-5176 FU Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan; National Science Foundation (NSF) [SES-0824737, CMMI-0928193] FX The presented work was supported in part by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan, the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant Nos. SES-0824737 and CMMI-0928193. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Certain commercial software or materials are identified to describe a procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation, endorsement, or implication by NIST that the software or materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 25 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 10 BP 1187 EP 1196 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000230 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 653DV UT WOS:000282069000001 ER PT J AU Sharif, HO Hassan, AA Bin-Shafique, S Xie, HJ Zeitler, J AF Sharif, Hatim O. Hassan, Almoutaz A. Bin-Shafique, Sazzad Xie, Hongjie Zeitler, Jon TI HYDROLOGIC MODELING OF AN EXTREME FLOOD IN THE GUADALUPE RIVER IN TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE flooding; precipitation; runoff; surface water hydrology; GSSHA ID FLASH-FLOOD; RAINFALL; BASIN AB Many of the storms creating the greatest rainfall depths in Texas, measured over durations ranging from one minute to 48 hours, have occurred in the Texas Hill Country area. The upstream portion of the Guadalupe River Basin, located in the Texas Hill Country, is susceptible to flooding and rapid runoff due to thin soils, exposed bedrock, and sparse vegetation, in addition to the Balcones Escarpment uplift contributing to precipitation enhancement. In November 2004, a moist air mass from the Gulf of Mexico combined with moist air from the Pacific Ocean resulted in the wettest November in Texas since 1895. Although the peak discharges were not the highest on record, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauge on the Guadalupe River at Gonzales, Texas reported a daily mean discharge of 2,304 m(3)/s on November 23, 2004 (average discharge is 53 m(3)/s). In this paper, we examine the meteorological conditions that led to this event and apply a two-dimensional, physically based, distributed-parameter hydrologic model to simulate the response of a portion of the basin during this event. The study results clearly demonstrate the ability of physically based, distributed-parameter simulations, driven by operational radar rainfall products, to adequately model the cumulative effect of two rainfall events and route inflows from three upstream watersheds without the need for significant calibration. C1 [Sharif, Hatim O.; Hassan, Almoutaz A.; Bin-Shafique, Sazzad] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Xie, Hongjie] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zeitler, Jon] Austin San Antonio Weather Forecast Off, Natl Weather Serv, New Braunfels, TX 78130 USA. RP Sharif, HO (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM hatim.sharif@utsa.edu RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010; Xie, Hongjie/B-5845-2009 OI Xie, Hongjie/0000-0003-3516-1210 FU NOAA [NA06NWS4680012] FX This study was supported in part by a NOAA Grant (NA06NWS4680012). Help from Austin/San Antonio National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office staff is greatly appreciated. We also acknowledge the assistance of former UTSA student Terry LeeAnn Lutz who sparked interest in this flood event. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 5 BP 881 EP 891 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00459.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 654MG UT WOS:000282171800002 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Beam scintillations for ground-to-space propagation. Part I: Path integrals and analytic techniques SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB We extend our theory of on-axis beam scintillations [Waves Random Media 4, 243 (1994)] for the case of propagation on slant turbulent paths, where turbulence is concentrated in a relatively thin layer near the transmitter. Our technique is based on the parabolic equation for optical wave propagation and the Markov approximation for the calculation of statistical moments of beam intensity. This first of two companion papers presents the details of the path integral formulation of the solution for the fourth-order coherence function. We also discuss in detail two analytic techniques that can be used for the treatment of the path integrals. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 NOAA, Zel Technol LLC, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), NOAA, Zel Technol LLC, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mikhail.Charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2169 EP 2179 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 658UW UT WOS:000282515900009 PM 20922007 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Beam scintillations for ground-to-space propagation. Part 2: Gaussian beam scintillation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL SCINTILLATION AB On the basis of the analytic techniques presented in the first of these two companion papers [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 27, 2169 (2010)] we present the complete asymptotic analysis of the axial beam scintillation index for coherent Gaussian beams on the ground-to-space propagation paths. The ratio of turbulence layer thickness to overall propagation path length contributes an additional small parameter to the analysis. We show that it is possible to use three dimensionless parameters to describe the problem and that the general arrangement of the asymptotic regions established in our earlier work [Waves Random Media 4, 243 (1994)]) is preserved. We find that on a slant propagation path, collimated beams can experience the unusual double-scattering-dominated scintillation found originally for focused beams. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 NOAA, Zel Technol LLC, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), NOAA, Zel Technol LLC, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mikhail.Charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2180 EP 2187 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 658UW UT WOS:000282515900010 PM 20922008 ER PT J AU Mocklin, JA Rugh, DJ Koski, WR Lawrence-Slavas, N AF Mocklin, Julie A. Rugh, David J. Koski, William R. Lawrence-Slavas, Noah TI Comparison of land-based vs. floating calibration targets used in aerial photogrammetric measurements of whale lengths SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Mocklin, Julie A.; Rugh, David J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Koski, William R.] LGL Ltd Environm Res Associates, King City, ON L7B 1A6, Canada. [Lawrence-Slavas, Noah] Pacific Marine Environm Labs, Engn Dev Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mocklin, JA (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM julie.mocklin@noaa.gov FU MMS FX We thank MMS for financially supporting the Bowhead Feeding Ecology Study (BOWFEST). The floating targets were towed by Eugene Brower in 2008 and Fred Brower in 2009 (Barrow Whaling Captains Association), and J. Craig George (North Slope Borough) and Catherine Berchok (NMFS) provided logistical support setting out the targets from the vessel. J. Craig George also provided creative ideas and constructed the land-based targets. Don LeRoi set up the photogrammetry system in the aircraft using a radar altimeter supplied by Wayne Perryman (NMFS) and a forward motion compensation camera mount supplied by Lowell Fritz (NMFS). Kelly Trask provided most of the photogrammetric measurements made from digital images. Thanks to Rod Hobbs and Wayne Perryman for suggesting statistical tests for these data. Pilots Nicholas Toth, Jon French, and Chris Daniels ably flew our aircraft and mechanic Ron Pauley maintained it. Kim Goetz did the inflight data collection and provided some of the figures shown here. Thanks to Kim Shelden, Dave Withrow, Craig George, Phil Clapham, and three anonymous reviewers for insightful reviews and helpful comments. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 969 EP 976 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00389.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 660ZQ UT WOS:000282691000011 ER PT J AU Chu, W Fu, J Vorburger, TV AF Chu, Wei Fu, Joseph Vorburger, Theodore V. TI Subpixel image stitching for linewidth measurement based on digital image correlation SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE linewidth; atomic force microscopy; carbon nanotube tip; image registration; image stitching; digital image correlation; nonlinearity; piezoelectric tube ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; AFM IMAGE AB The inevitable tilt angle resulting from attaching a carbon nanotube to an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe causes probe-related distortion on one sidewall of the linewidth sample during an AFM scan. In order to obtain accurate images at both sidewalls, an image stitching method was proposed in our previous research. An improved digital image correlation technique is outlined here to register two scanned images and detect the relative lateral distortion between them. Then image correction is performed pixel by pixel on both images prior to the stitching. A composite image is formed by stitching these two corrected images, and the linewidth is calculated based on this composite image. Since this method removes a significant portion of in-plane distortion between two images due to the nonlinearity of the AFM piezoelectric tube scanner, uncertainty in the calculation of linewidth due to the image stitching component is estimated to be reduced to the subpixel level from its former estimation of approximately three pixels. The procedure is tested with two standard linewidth features. C1 [Chu, Wei; Fu, Joseph; Vorburger, Theodore V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chu, W (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wei.chu@nist.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 21 IS 10 AR 105104 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/21/10/105104 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 649QG UT WOS:000281787100007 ER PT J AU Panfilo, G Parker, TE AF Panfilo, Gianna Parker, Thomas E. TI A theoretical and experimental analysis of frequency transfer uncertainty, including frequency transfer into TAI SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID MODEL; OSCILLATORS; ALLAN; TIME AB Results are presented from a theoretical and experimental investigation of the frequency transfer uncertainty (FTU) in long-distance comparisons of frequency standards. The FTU can be an important component of the total uncertainty in such comparisons. The use of the Allan deviation in characterizing the FTU is analysed theoretically and it is shown that for certain noise types the Allan deviation is biased high. A potentially more accurate first difference statistic that can be used in certain situations is also discussed. In addition, an experimental determination of the noise types and levels in common transfer techniques is presented. It is shown that FTUs approaching 1 part in 10(16) at 30 days are possible with current transfer methods. Finally, a method is presented for estimating the FTU in calibrating International Atomic Time (TAI) with a primary frequency standard. C1 [Panfilo, Gianna] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. [Parker, Thomas E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Panfilo, G (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 552 EP 560 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/5/005 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 653CB UT WOS:000282060200008 ER PT J AU Becker, CA Kramer, MJ AF Becker, C. A. Kramer, M. J. TI Atomistic comparison of volume-dependent melt properties from four models of aluminum SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMPLE LIQUID-METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; COLLECTIVE DYNAMICS; TRANSITION-METALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; AL; ALLOYS; DENSITY; DIFFRACTION AB With the increasing use of simulations in materials research and design, it is important to quantify the differences between, and accuracy of, models used in these simulations. Here we present the results of such a comparison for four embedded-atom models of aluminum that were optimized to have good liquid properties, particularly the melting temperatures. The effects of temperature and volume are systematically examined in the melts for bulk thermodynamic quantities, pair correlation functions and structure factors and diffusion coefficients for each interatomic potential. Where possible, these are then compared with experimental values. We find quantitative differences in the properties determined from the various interatomic potentials despite the fact that they were fit with similar sets of data. C1 [Becker, C. A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Becker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No DE-AC02-07CH11358. The high-energy x-ray work at the MUCAT sector of the APS was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No DE-AC02-06CH11357. CB would like to thank John Cahn, Mikhail Mendelev, Ursula Kattner and Dan Samarov for helpful discussions. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 AR 074001 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/7/074001 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 653XH UT WOS:000282130700002 ER PT J AU Becker, CA Mishin, Y AF Becker, C. A. Mishin, Y. TI Temperature dependence of the pre-wetting transition at the (111) anti-phase boundary in Ni3Al: an atomistic study SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION; FCC ALLOYS; PHASE; SEGREGATION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; ORDER; MODEL AB Chemical composition and ordering at the (1 1 1) anti-phase boundary (APB) in the Ni3Al-based gamma' phase have been studied by semi-grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations at temperatures from 700 to 1300 K. The atomic interactions are modeled with an embedded-atom potential reproducing the relevant part of the Ni-Al phase diagram. In a certain range of bulk compositions and temperatures within the gamma' phase stability domain, the APB undergoes a pre-wetting transformation by becoming a layer of disordered gamma phase. The pre-wetting transformation line is mapped onto the bulk phase diagram allowing predictions of the APB state under various thermochemical conditions. C1 [Becker, C. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mishin, Y.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MSN 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Becker, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chandler.becker@nist.gov RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 FU NIST-NRC; US Department of Energy (Office of Basic Energy Sciences); NIST; DOE FX CB would like to thank the NIST-NRC postdoctoral research associateship program for research support, as well as W J Boettinger and J E Guyer for helpful discussions. YM acknowledges support of the US Department of Energy (Office of Basic Energy Sciences) and NIST. Both authors acknowledge helpful discussions during coordination meetings of the Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN) program sponsored by DOE. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 AR 074004 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/7/074004 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 653XH UT WOS:000282130700005 ER PT J AU Canino, MF Spies, IB Cunningham, KM Hauser, L Grant, WS AF Canino, Michael F. Spies, Ingrid B. Cunningham, Kathryn M. Hauser, Lorenz Grant, W. Stewart TI Multiple ice-age refugia in Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gadus macrocephalus; glacial refugia; Pacific cod; Pleistocene; postglacial colonization; vicariance ID QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; QUATERNARY PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CHANGES; BIOCHEMICAL POPULATION-GENETICS; BERING-SEA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ATLANTIC COD; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GLACIAL REFUGIUM; WESTERN ALASKA; DATA SETS AB Pleistocene ice-ages greatly influenced the historical abundances of Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, in the North Pacific and its marginal seas. We surveyed genetic variation at 11 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial (mt) DNA in samples from twelve locations from the Sea of Japan to Washington State. Both microsatellite (mean H = 0.868) and mtDNA haplotype (mean h = 0.958) diversities were large and did not show any geographical trends. Genetic differentiation between samples was significantly correlated with geographical distance between samples for both microsatellites (F(ST) = 0.028, r2 = 0.33) and mtDNA (F(ST) = 0.027, r2 = 0.18). Both marker classes showed a strong genetic discontinuity between northwestern and northeastern Pacific populations that likely represents groups previously isolated during glaciations that are now in secondary contact. Significant differences appeared between samples from the Sea of Japan and Okhotsk Sea that may reflect ice-age isolations in the northwest Pacific. In the northeast Pacific, a microsatellite and mtDNA partition was detected between coastal and Georgia Basin populations. The presence of two major coastal mtDNA lineages on either side of the Pacific Ocean basin implies at least two ice-age refugia and separate postglacial population expansions facilitated by different glacial histories. Northward expansions into the Gulf of Alaska were possible 14-15 kyr ago, but deglaciation and colonization of the Georgia Basin probably occurred somewhat later. Population expansions were evident in mtDNA mismatch distributions and in Bayesian skyline plots of the three major lineages, but the start of expansions appeared to pre-date the last glacial maximum. C1 [Canino, Michael F.; Spies, Ingrid B.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cunningham, Kathryn M.; Hauser, Lorenz] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Grant, W. Stewart] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Grant, W. Stewart] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Canino, MF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mike.canino@noaa.gov RI Hauser, Lorenz/E-4365-2010 FU University of Washington [NA04OAR4170032, R/F-147] FX We thank S. McFarlane, W. Palsson, V. Okimura, A. Abookire, R. Wilmot, D. Kubiak, O. Ormseth, K. Spalinger, D. Urban, D. Pengilly, S. Neidetcher, P. Munro, L. Conners, L. Logerwell, J. Shaklee, S. Young, G. Bargmann, S. Hoffman, K. Masse, M. Rust, Q. Jo, D. Jang, T. Yanagimoto and AFSC Staff biologists for sample collections. M. Grant, B. Bowen and two anonymous referees provided helpful comments on earlier manuscript drafts. This work was funded, in part, by a grant from the Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA04OAR4170032, Project No. R/F-147. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0750 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 81 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 19 IS 19 BP 4339 EP 4351 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04815.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 654PM UT WOS:000282180500022 PM 20819160 ER PT J AU Bruning, EC Rust, WD MacGorman, DR Biggerstaff, MI Schuur, TJ AF Bruning, Eric C. Rust, W. David MacGorman, Donald R. Biggerstaff, Michael I. Schuur, Terry J. TI Formation of Charge Structures in a Supercell SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEVERE THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE; MULTICELL STORM; RIMING ELECTRIFICATION; MOUNTAIN THUNDERSTORM; CONVECTIVE REGIONS; LIGHTNING ACTIVITY; TORNADIC STORM; AIR-FLOW; PRECIPITATION AB Lightning mapping, electric field, and radar data from the 26 May 2004 supercell in central Oklahoma are used to examine the storm's charge structure. An initial arc-shaped maximum in lightning activity on the right flank of the storm's bounded weak echo region was composed of an elevated normal polarity tripole in the region of precipitation lofted above the storm's weak echo region. Later in the storm, two charge structures were associated with precipitation that reached the ground. To the left of the weak echo region, six charge regions were inferred, with positive charge carried on hail at the bottom of the stack. Farther forward in the storm's precipitation region, four charge regions were inferred, with negative charge at the bottom of the stack. There were different charge structures in adjacent regions of the storm at the same time, and regions of opposite polarity charge were horizontally adjacent at the same altitude. Flashes occasionally lowered positive charge to ground from the forward charge region. A conceptual model is presented that ties charge structure in different regions of the storm to storm structure inferred from radar reflectivity. C1 [Bruning, Eric C.; Rust, W. David; MacGorman, Donald R.; Schuur, Terry J.] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Bruning, Eric C.; Schuur, Terry J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Biggerstaff, Michael I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Bruning, EC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, 5825 Univ Res Court Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM eric.bruning@noaa.gov OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Biggerstaff, Michael/0000-0002-6690-784X FU NSF [ATM-0233268]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-00-1-0525]; University of Oklahoma Regents FX We thank Paul Krehbiel, Tim Hamlin, and Ron Thomas for their work in support of the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array. Bill Rison developed improved orientation sensing for the electric field meters. Terry Schuur and Jerry Straka provided nowcaster support for operations, and we thank the ballooning crew from that day for their work. Ted Mansell and Conrad Ziegler were responsible for making environmental soundings and provided other helpful discussions. Larry Carey and Conrad Ziegler contributed to the deployment of the SMART-Rs. We thank Les Lemon for a discussion about inferring supercell structure from radar reflectivity and Stephanie Weiss for a helpful review of a draft of this manuscript. Support for this study was provided by NSF Grant ATM-0233268, NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, and University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. The Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array was funded by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-00-1-0525 and the University of Oklahoma Regents. NLDN data were provided by Vaisala. This paper is based upon work supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship for the first author. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 138 IS 10 BP 3740 EP 3761 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3160.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668JM UT WOS:000283264600003 ER PT J AU Kumjian, MR Ryzhkov, AV Melnikov, VM Schuur, TJ AF Kumjian, Matthew R. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Melnikov, Valery M. Schuur, Terry J. TI Rapid-Scan Super-Resolution Observations of a Cyclic Supercell with a Dual-Polarization WSR-88D SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; DESCENDING REFLECTIVITY CORES; STORM-RELATIVE HELICITY; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; HAIL GROWTH; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; JUNE 1995 AB In recent years, there has been widespread interest in collecting and analyzing rapid updates of radar data in severe convective storms. To this end, conventional single-polarization rapid-scan radars and phased array radar systems have been employed in numerous studies. However, rapid updates of dual-polarization radar data in storms are not widely available. For this study, a rapid scanning strategy is developed for the polarimetric prototype research Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar in Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), which emulates the future capabilities of a polarimetric multifunction phased array radar (MPAR). With this strategy, data are collected over an 80 degrees sector with 0.5 degrees azimuthal spacing and 250-m radial resolution ("super resolution"), with 12 elevation angles. Thus, full volume scans over a limited area are collected every 71-73 s. The scanning strategy was employed on a cyclic nontornadic supercell storm in western Oklahoma on 1 June 2008. The evolution of the polarimetric signatures in the supercell is analyzed. The repetitive pattern of evolution of these polarimetric features is found to be directly tied to the cyclic occlusion process of the low-level mesocyclone. The cycle for each of the polarimetric signatures is presented and described in detail, complete with a microphysical interpretation. In doing so, for the first time the bulk microphysical properties of the storm on small time scales (inferred from polarimetric data) are analyzed. The documented evolution of the polarimetric signatures could be used operationally to aid in the detection and determination of various stages of the low-level mesocyclone occlusion. C1 NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM matthew.kumjian@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0532107]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors thank the NSSL/CIMMS employees who maintain and operate the KOUN radar for research-grade operations and who worked to allow such versatile control of the radar for this study. This work is partially funded by NSF Grant ATM-0532107. Additional funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. Paul Markowski (PSU), David Dowell (NCAR), and an additional anonymous reviewer provided constructive comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. Additionally, the authors thank Michael French (OU) and Dusan Zrnic (NSSL) for reviewing earlier versions of the manuscript, as well as Alexander Schenkman and Joseph Picca (OU) for useful discussions. NR 95 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 138 IS 10 BP 3762 EP 3786 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3322.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668JM UT WOS:000283264600004 ER PT J AU Zhao, M Held, IM Vecchi, GA AF Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Retrospective Forecasts of the Hurricane Season Using a Global Atmospheric Model Assuming Persistence of SST Anomalies SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; FREQUENCY; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; ENSO AB Retrospective predictions of seasonal hurricane activity in the Atlantic and east Pacific are generated using an atmospheric model with 50-km horizontal resolution by simply persisting sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies from June through the hurricane season. Using an ensemble of 5 realizations for each year between 1982 and 2008, the correlations of the model mean predictions with observations of basin-wide hurricane frequency are 0.69 in the North Atlantic and 0.58 in the east Pacific. In the North Atlantic, a significant part of the degradation in skill as compared to a model forced with observed SSTs during the hurricane season (correlation of 0.78) can be explained by the change from June through the hurricane season in one parameter, the difference between the SST in the main development region and the tropical mean SST. In fact, simple linear regression models with this one predictor perform nearly as well as the full dynamical model for basin-wide hurricane frequency in both the east Pacific and the North Atlantic. The implication is that the quality of seasonal forecasts based on a coupled atmosphere-ocean model will depend in large part on the model's ability to predict the evolution of this difference between main development region SST and tropical mean SST. C1 [Zhao, Ming] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus 201,Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM ming.zhao@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [ATM-0612551]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612] FX This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors thank A. Wittenberg, S. Garner, T. Knutson, and G. Villarini for valuable discussions. The comments and suggestions from Suzana Camargo, Chris Landsea, and one anonymous reviewer helped improve the manuscript. Ming Zhao was supported in part by NSF Grant ATM-0612551 and in part under Award NA17RJ2612 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The findings are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 138 IS 10 BP 3858 EP 3868 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3366.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668JM UT WOS:000283264600009 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Rosati, A AF Zhang, S. Rosati, A. TI An Inflated Ensemble Filter for Ocean Data Assimilation with a Biased Coupled GCM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; DYNAMICS; COVARIANCE; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; FORECASTS; DRIVEN AB A "biased twin" experiment using two coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) that are biased with respect to each other is used to study the impact of deep ocean bias on ensemble ocean data assimilation. The "observations" drawn from one CGCM based on the Argo network are assimilated into the other. Traditional ensemble filtering can successfully recover the upper-ocean temperature and salinity of the target model but it usually fails to converge in the deep ocean where the model bias is large compared to the ocean's intrinsic variability. The inconsistency between the well-constrained upper ocean and poorly constrained deep ocean generates spurious assimilation currents. An adaptively inflated ensemble filter is designed to enhance the consistency of upper-and deep-ocean adjustments, based on "climatological" standard deviations being adaptively updated by observations. The new algorithm reduces deep-ocean errors greatly, in particular, reducing current errors up to 70% and vertical motion errors up to 50%. Specifically, the tropical circulation is greatly improved with a better representation of the undercurrent, upwelling, and Western Boundary Current systems. The structure of the subtropical gyre is also substantially improved. Consequently, the new algorithm leads to better estimates of important global hydrographic features such as global overturning and pycnocline depth. Based on these improved estimates, decadal trends of basin-scale heat content and salinity as well as the seasonal-interannual variability of the tropical ocean are constructed coherently. Interestingly, the Indian Ocean (especially the north Indian Ocean), which is associated with stronger atmospheric feedbacks, is the most sensitive basin to the covariance formulation used in the assimilation. Also, while reconstruction of the local thermohaline structure plays a leading-order role in estimating the decadal trend of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), more accurate estimates of the AMOC variability require coupled assimilation to produce coherently improved external forcings as well as internal heat and salt transport. C1 [Zhang, S.; Rosati, A.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM shaoqing.zhang@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 138 IS 10 BP 3905 EP 3931 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3326.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668JM UT WOS:000283264600012 ER PT J AU Lavan, DA Marmon, LM AF LaVan, David A. Marmon, Louis M. TI Safe and effective synthetic biology SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [LaVan, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marmon, Louis M.] George Washington Univ, Div Thorac & Gen Pediat Surg, Sheikh Zayed Inst Pediat Surg Innovat, Childrens Natl Med Ctr,Dept Surg,Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. RP Lavan, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028 FU NEI NIH HHS [PN2 EY016570, PN2 EY016570-05] NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1010 EP 1012 DI 10.1038/nbt1010-1010 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 663GF UT WOS:000282870500013 PM 20944581 ER PT J AU Altomare, F Park, JI Cicak, K Sillanpaa, MA Allman, MS Li, D Sirois, A Strong, JA Whittaker, JD Simmonds, RW AF Altomare, F. Park, J. I. Cicak, K. Sillanpaa, M. A. Allman, M. S. Li, D. Sirois, A. Strong, J. A. Whittaker, J. D. Simmonds, R. W. TI Tripartite interactions between two phase qubits and a resonant cavity SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 3-PARTICLE ENTANGLEMENT; SUPERCONDUCTING QUBITS; PHASE QUBITS; QUANTUM; STATE; TELEPORTATION; OPERATIONS AB Multipartite entanglement is essential for quantum computation(1) and communication(2-4), and for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics(5) and precision measurements(6). It has been achieved with various forms of quantum bits (qubits), such as trapped ions(7,8), photons(9) and atoms passing through microwave cavities(10). Quantum systems based on superconducting circuits, which are potentially more scalable, have been used to control pair-wise interactions of qubits(11-16) and spectroscopic evidence for three-particle entanglement was observed(17,18). Here, we report the demonstration of coherent interactions in the time domain for three directly coupled superconducting quantum systems, two phase qubits and one resonant cavity. We provide evidence for the deterministic evolution from a simple product state, through a tripartite W state, into a (bipartite) Bell state. The cavity can be thought of as a multiphoton register or an entanglement bus, and arbitrary preparation of multiphoton states in this cavity using one of the qubits(19) and subsequent interactions for entanglement distribution should allow for the deterministic creation of another class of entanglement, a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. C1 [Altomare, F.; Park, J. I.; Cicak, K.; Sillanpaa, M. A.; Allman, M. S.; Li, D.; Sirois, A.; Strong, J. A.; Whittaker, J. D.; Simmonds, R. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Allman, M. S.; Sirois, A.; Strong, J. A.; Whittaker, J. D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Simmonds, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM simmonds@boulder.nist.gov RI Allman, Michael/E-5922-2011; Sillanpaa, Mika/A-3554-2013 FU NIST; IARPA; Academy of Finland; European Research Council [FP7-240387] FX This work was financially supported by NIST and in part by IARPA. M.A.S. was supported by the Academy of Finland and by the European Research Council (grant no. FP7-240387). NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 10 BP 777 EP 781 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1731 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 672GC UT WOS:000283570000019 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Kubista, KD Rutter, GM Ruan, M de Heer, WA Kindermann, M First, PN Stroscio, JA AF Miller, David L. Kubista, Kevin D. Rutter, Gregory M. Ruan, Ming de Heer, Walt A. Kindermann, Markus First, Phillip N. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Real-space mapping of magnetically quantized graphene states SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; LOCALIZATION; GRAPHITE; GAS AB The symmetry of graphene's two carbon sublattices underlies its unique electronic structure and half-integer quantum Hall effect. Quantized Hall resistance requires confinement of cyclotron orbits (Landau levels) in the sample interior. Such magnetic localization may be unique in graphene, especially for the fourfold-degenerate Landau level (LL(0)) straddling graphene's charge-neutrality energy. Here we map the two-dimensional spatial distribution of LL(0), using cryogenic scanning tunnelling spectroscopy to measure the local density of states (LDOS) on electronically decoupled multilayer epitaxial graphene. Unlike disordered LDOS patterns found in conventional quantum Hall systems, we find an organized pattern of localized states and extended states that emerge above a threshold magnetic field. In distinct regions, an energy gap associated with lattice-scale variations of the LDOS suggests the sublattice (and LL(0) valley) degeneracy is locally lifted. We propose this occurs when cyclotron orbits become small enough to sample regions of small symmetry-breaking potential originating from a graphene-on-graphene moire. C1 [Miller, David L.; Kubista, Kevin D.; Ruan, Ming; de Heer, Walt A.; Kindermann, Markus; First, Phillip N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rutter, Gregory M.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM first@gatech.edu; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov FU NSF [DMR-0804908]; Semiconductor Research Corporation Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI-INDEX); W. M. Keck Foundation FX We thank C. Berger, M. Sprinkle, N. Sharma, S. Blankenship, A. Band and F. Hess for their technical contributions to this work. Financial support from NSF (DMR-0804908), the Semiconductor Research Corporation Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI-INDEX) and the W. M. Keck Foundation are gratefully acknowledged. Graphene production facilities of the Georgia Tech MRSEC (NSF DMR-0820382) were employed. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 58 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 10 BP 811 EP 817 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1736 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 672GC UT WOS:000283570000026 ER PT J AU Kawahara, G Karpf, J Myers, JA Alexander, MS Guyon, JR Kunkel, LM AF Kawahara, G. Karpf, J. Myers, J. A. Alexander, M. S. Guyon, J. R. Kunkel, L. M. TI Therapeutic drug screen using dystrophin deficient zebrafish SO NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of the World-Muscle-Society CY OCT 12-16, 2010 CL Kumamoto, JAPAN SP World Muscle Soc C1 [Kawahara, G.; Karpf, J.; Myers, J. A.; Alexander, M. S.; Kunkel, L. M.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Guyon, J. R.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-8966 J9 NEUROMUSCULAR DISORD JI Neuromusc. Disord. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 9-10 BP 656 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.192 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 659JO UT WOS:000282563000188 ER PT J AU Gallagher, SP Wright, DW Collins, BW Adams, PB AF Gallagher, Sean P. Wright, David W. Collins, Barry W. Adams, Peter B. TI A Regional Approach for Monitoring Salmonid Status and Trends: Results from a Pilot Study in Coastal Mendocino County, California SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; REDD COUNTS; DESIGN AB In coastal California, many evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch, and steelhead O. mykiss are listed under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Monitoring species status at the ESU or ESU subdivision scale requires specialized sampling. The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate abundance estimated from a generalized random tessellation stratified (GRTS) design and compare the results with those from a more intensive stratified random monitoring program and (2) to evaluate the statistical power of the design to detect population trends. This 3-year pilot study considered five Mendocino County streams as an example region of coastal California to evaluate a two-stage sampling approach for monitoring regional escapement. Under this scheme, regional redd surveys (stage 1) were conducted in stream reaches in a GRTS sampling design. Ten percent of anadromous habitat was sampled in year 1 and 10-35% in years 2 and 3. Spawner : redd ratios were derived from smaller-scale census watersheds (stage 2) where "true" escapement was estimated using capture-recapture methods. Regional escapement was then estimated from expanded redd counts, calibrated by spawner : redd ratios. As an alternative, more intensive method for estimating escapement, three survey streams were also sampled in a stratified random design. The results, added to counts from the census basins, produced more rigorous "sum-of-streams'' estimates for comparison with the GRTS sampling. Redd counts and the resulting escapement estimates were reliable for regional monitoring. The GRTS and sum-of-streams estimates overlapped, and the variation in the 95% confidence intervals did not change after 15%. Our results suggest that a sample size of 15% or 41 or more reaches (whichever results in fewer survey reaches) should have adequate precision and statistical power to detect regional trends in salmon populations. We recommend that this monitoring approach be applied at regional spatial scales consistent with ESA recovery planning efforts. C1 [Wright, David W.] Campbell Timberlands Management LLC, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. [Collins, Barry W.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Fortuna, CA 95540 USA. [Adams, Peter B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gallagher, Sean P.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Gallagher, SP (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, 306 E Redwood Ave, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. EM sgallagh@dfg.ca.gov FU California Department of Fish and Game's (CDFG) [P0410527, P0510544, P0610540] FX This work was funded by the California Department of Fish and Game's (CDFG) Fisheries Restoration Grant Program (grants P0410527, P0510544, and P0610540). Eric Bjorkstedt, Glen Szerlong, Tommy Williams (NOAA-Fisheries, Santa Cruz), Scott Harris, George Neillands, Morgan Knechtle, Seth Ricker (CDFG), Danna McCain (Institute for River Ecosystems), Trent McDonald (West, Inc.), and Steven Levesque (Campbell Timberlands Management) helped to develop this study. Thanks to Walt Duffy, Mark Gard, Sean Hayes, and three anonyms reviewers for critical review that greatly improved this manuscript. Too many individuals to mention by name from the following entities helped with this study: CDFG, Campbell Timberlands Management, NOAA-Fisheries Santa Cruz, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. A few we are compelled to mention are Stan Allen for administrative support; Megan Balter, Shaun Thompson, Wendy Holloway, Chris Hannon, and Katie Webster for many long hours in the field; and Josh Pope for his database savvy. Thanks to Matt Goldsworthy and the Mendocino Redwood Company for granting access to streams on their property. Colin Gallagher of the Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, provided valuable tips and help with some of the statistical analysis. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1075 EP 1085 DI 10.1577/M09-203.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 673MB UT WOS:000283666100001 ER PT J AU Gallagher, SP Adams, PB Wright, DW Collins, BW AF Gallagher, Sean P. Adams, Peter B. Wright, David W. Collins, Barry W. TI Performance of Spawner Survey Techniques at Low Abundance Levels SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; REDD COUNTS; BULL TROUT; ESCAPEMENT; CALIFORNIA; STREAMS; RIVER; TIME AB Population monitoring is essential to know whether coastal California's Endangered Species Act-listed Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch, and steelhead O. mykiss stocks are progressing toward recovery. In coastal California, salmonids are at the southern edge of their range, and this one of many reasons they are not abundant. This provides unique challenges for monitoring, as different survey methods will result in estimates with different levels of accuracy and precision, which are important for evaluating population trends. For this study we intensively monitored three Mendocino County watersheds to evaluate the reliability of two-stage data for monitoring regional escapement. Under this scheme, regional spawning surveys (stage 1) were calibrated with data from intensively monitored watersheds (stage 2), where escapement was estimated using capture-recapture methods, redd counts, and fish counts. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of the stage 2 data for calibrating regional surveys. We evaluated the precision of live-fish capture-recapture estimates and compared these estimates with estimates derived from spawning survey data using carcass capture-recapture, area under the curve (AUC), and redd counts. Live-fish capture-recapture produced escapement estimates with narrower 95% confidence bounds where permanent structures were used to capture fish. Redd counts converted to fish numbers using spawner : redd ratios were chosen for the regional salmonid monitoring method because they were reliable, economical, and less intrusive. Converted redd counts were statistically and operationally similar to live-fish capture-recapture estimates but required fewer resources. The AUC estimates were less reliable than converted redd counts and live-fish capture-recapture methods due to the sensitivity of the estimates of residence time and observer efficiency. Finally, we found that carcass capture-recapture methods were operationally unsuccessful in coastal California streams. On the basis of our results, we recommend that annual spawner : redd ratios from intensively monitored watersheds be used to calibrate redd counts for regional status and trend monitoring of California's coastal salmonids. C1 [Gallagher, Sean P.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. [Adams, Peter B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wright, David W.] Campbell Timberlands Management LLC, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. [Collins, Barry W.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Fortuna, CA 95540 USA. RP Gallagher, SP (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, 306 E Redwood Ave, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. EM sgallagh@dfg.ca.gov FU California Department of Fish and Game's (CDFG) [P0410527, P0510544, P0610540] FX This work was funded by the California Department of Fish and Game's (CDFG) Fisheries Restoration Grant Program (grants P0410527, P0510544, and P0610540). Eric Bjorkstedt, Glen Szerlong, and Tommy Williams (NOAA-Fisheries Santa Cruz); George Neillands, Scott Harris, Morgan Knechtle, and Seth Ricker (CDFG); Danna McCain (Humboldt State University); Trent McDonald (West, Inc.); and Steven Levesque (Campbell Timberlands Management) helped to develop this study. Thanks to Mark Gard, Sean Hayes, Walt Duffy, and three anonymous reviewers for critical review that greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. Too many individuals to mention by name from the following entities helped with this study: CDFG, Campbell Timberlands Management, NOAA-Fisheries Santa Cruz, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. Be assured we value your help. A few we are compelled to mention by name include Stan Allen for administrative support; Megan Balter, Shaun Thompson, Wendy Holloway, Chris Hannon, and Katie Webster for many long hours in the field; and Josh Pope for his database savvy. Colin Gallagher, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, provided valuable tips and help with some of the statistical analysis. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1086 EP 1097 DI 10.1577/M09-204.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 673MB UT WOS:000283666100002 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM Fischbach, E Buncher, JB Greene, GL Jenkins, JH Krause, DE Mattes, JJ Yue, A AF Lindstrom, R. M. Fischbach, E. Buncher, J. B. Greene, G. L. Jenkins, J. H. Krause, D. E. Mattes, J. J. Yue, A. TI Study of the dependence of Au-198 half-life on source geometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Beta decays; Neutrinos; Nuclear decay lifetimes ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; DECAY AB We report the results of an experiment to determine whether the half-life of Au-198 depends on the shape of the source. This study was motivated by recent suggestions that nuclear decay rates may be affected by solar activity, perhaps arising from solar neutrinos. If this were the case then the beta-decay rates, or half-lives, of a thin foil sample and a spherical sample of gold of the same mass and activity could be different. We find for Au-198, (T-1/2)(foil)/(T-1/2)sphere = 0.999 +/- 0.002, where T-1/2 is the mean half-life. The maximum neutrino flux at the sample in our experiments was several times greater than the flux of solar neutrinos at the surface of the Earth. We show that this increase in flux leads to a significant improvement in the limits that can be inferred on a possible solar contribution to nuclear decays. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fischbach, E.; Buncher, J. B.; Jenkins, J. H.; Krause, D. E.; Mattes, J. J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lindstrom, R. M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Greene, G. L.; Yue, A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Greene, G. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Krause, D. E.] Wabash Coll, Dept Phys, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA. RP Jenkins, JH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, 400 Cent Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jere@purdue.edu RI Krause, Dennis/O-3170-2013; OI Yue, Andrew/0000-0001-5340-8470 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 622 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.270 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 658YC UT WOS:000282530300012 ER PT J AU Longland, R Iliadis, C Champagne, AE Newton, JR Ugalde, C Coc, A Fitzgerald, R AF Longland, R. Iliadis, C. Champagne, A. E. Newton, J. R. Ugalde, C. Coc, A. Fitzgerald, R. TI Charged-particle thermonuclear reaction rates: I. Monte Carlo method and statistical distributions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Thermonuclear reaction rates ID NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; RESONANCE DATA; SMALL SIGNALS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SENSITIVITY; FLUCTUATIONS; COMPILATION; HYDROGEN; WIDTHS; STATES AB A method based on Monte Carlo techniques is presented for evaluating thermonuclear reaction rates. We begin by reviewing commonly applied procedures and point out that reaction rates that have been reported up to now in the literature have no rigorous statistical meaning. Subsequently, we associate each nuclear physics quantity entering in the calculation of reaction rates with a specific probability density function, including Gaussian, lognormal and chi-squared distributions. Based on these probability density functions the total reaction rate is randomly sampled many times until the required statistical precision is achieved. This procedure results in a median (Monte Carlo) rate which agrees under certain conditions with the commonly reported recommended "classical" rate. In addition, we present at each temperature a low rate and a high rate, corresponding to the 0.16 and 0.84 quantiles of the cumulative reaction rate distribution. These quantities are in general different from the statistically meaningless "minimum" (or "lower limit") and "maximum" (or "upper limit") reaction rates which are commonly reported. Furthermore, we approximate the output reaction rate probability density function by a lognormal distribution and present, at each temperature, the lognormal parameters it and a. The values of these quantities will be crucial for future Monte Carlo nucleosynthesis studies. Our new reaction rates, appropriate for bare nuclei in the laboratory, are tabulated in the second paper of this issue (Paper II). The nuclear physics input used to derive our reaction rates is presented in the third paper of this issue (Paper III). In the fourth paper of this issue (Paper IV) we compare our new reaction rates to previous results. (C) 2010 Elsevier BA,. All rights reserved. C1 [Longland, R.; Iliadis, C.; Champagne, A. E.; Newton, J. R.; Ugalde, C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Longland, R.; Iliadis, C.; Champagne, A. E.; Newton, J. R.; Ugalde, C.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Coc, A.] CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 8609, Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-75700 Paris, France. [Coc, A.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Fitzgerald, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iliadis, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM iliadis@unc.edu RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER41041] FX The authors would like to thank Gary Mitchell for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-97ER41041. NR 41 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 841 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.04.008 PG 30 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 620TS UT WOS:000279523600001 ER PT J AU Iliadis, C Longland, R Champagne, AE Coc, A Fitzgerald, R AF Iliadis, C. Longland, R. Champagne, A. E. Coc, A. Fitzgerald, R. TI Charged-particle thermonuclear reaction rates: II. Tables and graphs of reaction rates and probability density functions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Thermonuclear reaction rates ID LOW-ENERGY RESONANCES; HIGH-SPIN STATES; HOT CNO CYCLE; NUCLEAR-REACTION RATES; STELLAR REACTION-RATES; R-MATRIX ANALYSIS; X-RAY-BURSTS; T = 1; ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS; RADIATIVE-CAPTURE AB Numerical values of charged-particle thermonuclear reaction rates for nuclei in the A = 14 to 40 region are tabulated. The results are obtained using a method, based on Monte Carlo techniques, that has been described in the preceding paper of this issue (Paper I). We present a low rate, median rate and high rate which correspond to the 0.16, 0.50 and 0.84 quantiles, respectively, of the cumulative reaction rate distribution. The meaning of these quantities is in general different from the commonly reported, but statistically meaningless expressions, "lower limit", "nominal value" and "upper limit" of the total reaction rate. In addition, we approximate the Monte Carlo probability density function of the total reaction rate by a lognormal distribution and tabulate the lognormal parameters it and a at each temperature. We also provide a quantitative measure (Anderson Darling test statistic) for the reliability of the lognormal approximation. The user can implement the approximate lognormal reaction rate probability density functions directly in a stellar model code for studies of stellar energy generation and nucleosynthesis. For each reaction, the Monte Carlo reaction rate probability density functions, together with their lognormal approximations, are displayed graphically for selected temperatures in order to provide a visual impression. Our new reaction rates are appropriate for bare nuclei in the laboratory. The nuclear physics input used to derive our reaction rates is presented in the subsequent paper of this issue (Paper III). In the fourth paper of this issue (Paper IV) we compare our new reaction rates to previous results. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Iliadis, C.; Longland, R.; Champagne, A. E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Iliadis, C.; Longland, R.; Champagne, A. E.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Coc, A.] CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 8609, Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Coc, A.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Fitzgerald, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iliadis, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM iliadis@unc.edu RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER41041] FX The authors would like to thank Stephane Goriely for providing unpublished Hauser-Feshbach rates for some of the reactions evaluated here. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-97ER41041. NR 260 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 841 BP 31 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.04.009 PG 220 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 620TS UT WOS:000279523600002 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, HM Sanz, L Glancy, S AF Vasconcelos, H. M. Sanz, L. Glancy, S. TI All-optical generation of states for "Encoding a qubit in an oscillator" SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SQUEEZED STATES; QUANTUM AB Most quantum computation schemes propose encoding qubits in two-level systems. Others exploit the use of an infinite-dimensional system. In "Encoding a qubit in an oscillator" [Phys. Rev. A 64, 012310 (2001)], Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill (GKP) combined these approaches when they proposed a fault-tolerant quantum computation scheme in which a qubit is encoded in the continuous position and momentum degrees of freedom of an oscillator. One advantage of this scheme is that it can be performed by use of relatively simple linear optical devices, squeezing, and homodyne detection. However, we lack a practical method to prepare the initial GKP states. Here we propose the generation of an approximate GKP state by using superpositions of optical coherent states (sometimes called "Schrodinger cat states"), squeezing, linear optical devices, and homodyne detection. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Vasconcelos, H. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Engn Teleinformat, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Sanz, L.] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Fis, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [Glancy, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vasconcelos, HM (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Engn Teleinformat, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM hilma@ufc.br RI Sanz de la Torre, Liliana/K-5840-2014; Vasconcelos, Hilma/H-2980-2016 OI Sanz de la Torre, Liliana/0000-0001-8962-5661; Vasconcelos, Hilma/0000-0001-7129-1026 FU Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Informacao Quantica (INCT-IQ); Coordenacao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (PNPD/CAPES); Fundacao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (FUNCAP) FX We thank Adam Meier, Yanbao Zhang, and Emanuel Knill for helpful discussion and comments. L. Sanz thanks the Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Informacao Quantica (INCT-IQ) for financial support. H. M. Vasconcelos thanks the Coordenacao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (PNPD/CAPES) and the Fundacao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (FUNCAP) for financial support. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 19 BP 3261 EP 3263 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 656XQ UT WOS:000282374800037 PM 20890353 ER PT J AU Kirchner, MS Diddams, SA AF Kirchner, M. S. Diddams, S. A. TI Grism-based pulse shaper for line-by-line control of more than 600 optical frequency comb lines SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION COMPENSATION; PHASE; GENERATION AB We construct a line-by-line pulse shaper using a grism (grating plus prism) dispersive element, which provides constant angular dispersion over 13.4 THz centered at similar to 311 THz (965 nm). When combined with a dual-mask liquid crystal modulator, this grism-based shaper is capable of line-by-line amplitude and phase control of over 600 modes of a 21 GHz stabilized optical frequency comb. C1 [Kirchner, M. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kirchner, M. S.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kirchner, MS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mkirchne@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Kirchner, Matthew/F-9020-2010; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 19 BP 3264 EP 3266 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 656XQ UT WOS:000282374800038 PM 20890354 ER PT J AU Gaos, AR Abreu-Grobois, FA Alfaro-Shigueto, J Amorocho, D Arauz, R Baquero, A Briseno, R Chacon, D Duenas, C Hasbun, C Liles, M Mariona, G Muccio, C Munoz, JP Nichols, WJ Pena, M Seminoff, JA Vasquez, M Urteaga, J Wallace, B Yanez, IL Zarate, P AF Gaos, Alexander R. Abreu-Grobois, F. A. Alfaro-Shigueto, J. Amorocho, D. Arauz, R. Baquero, A. Briseno, R. Chacon, D. Duenas, C. Hasbun, C. Liles, M. Mariona, G. Muccio, C. Munoz, J. P. Nichols, W. J. Pena, M. Seminoff, J. A. Vasquez, M. Urteaga, J. Wallace, B. Yanez, I. L. Zarate, P. TI Signs of hope in the eastern Pacific: international collaboration reveals encouraging status for a severely depleted population of hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Conservation network; Critically Endangered; eastern Pacific Ocean; Eretmochelys imbricata; hawksbill turtle; recovery; status; tortoiseshell ID VIABILITY ANALYSIS AB While little is known about hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata in the eastern Pacific Ocean, available information suggests that the population has declined substantially in recent decades and could be near extirpation in the region. To evaluate the current status of the population more effectively and to determine the feasibility of recovery efforts, a workshop of regional marine turtle specialists was held in June 2008 in Los Cobanos, El Salvador. An international working group, Iniciativa Carey del Pacifico Oriental (ICAPO; Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative in English), was established to consolidate information, promote conservation projects and raise awareness about the species. We present information derived from the workshop and compiled by the ICAPO working group since that time. Considering only records from 1 January 2007 to 31 May 2009 it appears that El Salvador hosts the majority of known hawksbill turtle nesting activity in the eastern Pacific, with 79.6% (n = 430) of all nesting observation records, and Mexico hosts the majority of records of hawksbill turtles at sea, with 60.3% (n = 44) of all in-water observation records. Although current abundance is very low, the pervasiveness of the species in the region suggests potential for conservation and recovery. Despite a historical paucity of research focusing on this population, the relatively large and steadily increasing number of records as a result of concerted efforts demonstrates the viability of the ICAPO network as an instrument to promote conservation of this species in the eastern Pacific. C1 [Gaos, Alexander R.; Yanez, I. L.] Ocean Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92102 USA. [Abreu-Grobois, F. A.; Briseno, R.] UNAM, Lab Genet & Banco Informac Tortugas Marinas, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mazatlan, Mexico. [Alfaro-Shigueto, J.] ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru. [Alfaro-Shigueto, J.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Amorocho, D.] Ctr Invest El Manejo Ambiental & El Desarrollo, Cali, Colombia. [Arauz, R.] Programa Restaurac Tortugas Marinas, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Baquero, A.; Munoz, J. P.; Pena, M.] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador. [Baquero, A.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. [Chacon, D.] WIDECAST Latin Amer, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Duenas, C.] Minist Medio Ambiente & Recursos Nat, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Hasbun, C.] USAID, Santa Elena, La Libertad, El Salvador. [Liles, M.; Mariona, G.] Fdn Zool El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Muccio, C.] Asociac Rescate & Conservac Vida Silvestre, San Lucas Sacatepequez, Guatemala. [Nichols, W. J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Seminoff, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, San Diego, CA USA. [Vasquez, M.] Univ El Salvador, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Urteaga, J.] Fauna & Flora Int, Managua, Nicaragua. [Wallace, B.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, TX USA. [Yanez, I. L.] Grp Tortuguero Californias AC, La Paz, Mexico. [Zarate, P.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Zarate, P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Zarate, P.] Charles Darwin Fdn, Santa Cruz Isl, Galapagos Isl, Ecuador. RP Gaos, AR (reprint author), Ocean Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RI Abreu Grobois, Alberto/A-3560-2017 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Washington, DC, and La Jolla, California, USA); US Agency for International Development and Ocean Conservancy FX We gratefully acknowledge the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Washington, DC, and La Jolla, California, USA) and the US Agency for International Development and Ocean Conservancy for their sponsorship of the workshop. We thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the US Fish and Wildlife Service for providing key support for hawksbill research and conservation in the eastern Pacific, which led to much of the data provided here. We also thank data contributors, particularly Agnese Mancini, Alan Zavala (Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigacion para el Desarrollo Integral Regional-Instituto Politecnico Nacional), Alejandro Pena de Niz, Amilcar Levi Cupul Magana, Daniel Rios Olmeda, Estela Carretero Montes, Feliciano Mendia, Gabriel Hoeffer, Graciela Tiburcio, Hoyt Peckham, Jorge Castrejon Pineda, Jose de Jesus Romero, Jose Luis Morales, Juan Antonio Trejo, Juan Salvador Aceves, Julio Solis, Luis Garcia, Mario Salazar Ramos, Martha Harfush, Miguel Angel Flores Peregrina, Jose Gerardo Ayala Tapia, Romelia Barnett, Ruben Espinoza, Volker Koch and Gustavo Hinojosa Arango (School for Field Studies) of Mexico; Ministry of the Environment (MARN) of El Salvador; Fabian Sanchez, Marc Ward, Erick Lopez and Jorge Ballesteros of Costa Rica; Sarah Otterstrom, Lisa Gonzalez (Paso Pacifico), Luis Manzanares and Eddy Maradiaga of Nicaragua; William Diaz and Duvan Quiroga of Colombia; and Conservation International and Machalilla National Park of Ecuador. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 31 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 EI 1365-3008 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD OCT PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 595 EP 601 DI 10.1017/S0030605310000773 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678AE UT WOS:000284038500027 ER PT J AU Tsuda, RT Abbott, IA Vroom, PS Fisher, JR AF Tsuda, Roy T. Abbott, Isabella A. Vroom, Peter S. Fisher, Jack R. TI Marine Benthic Algae of Johnston Atoll: New Species Records, Spatial Distribution, and Taxonomic Affinities with Neighboring Islands SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN; SP-NOV; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; WAKE ATOLL; RHODOPHYTA; ACCOUNT; POLYSIPHONIA; CERAMIACEAE; GELIDIALES; HOWLAND AB Forty-five of the 107 species of marine benthic algae collected during 2004 and 2006 NOAA cruises to isolated Johnston Atoll and two additional species from earlier collections represent new species records. Total number of algae is now increased to 189 species: 26 species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), 105 species of red algae, 15 species of brown algae, and 43 species of green algae. The macroalga Caulerpa serrulata and the epiphyte Lomentaria bakodatensis were the most widely distributed species at Johnston Atoll based on frequency of occurrence at 10 of 12 stations and 8 of 12 stations, respectively, during the 2004 NOAA cruise. Despite the atoll's isolation, the parasitic red alga Neotenophycus ichthyosteus and the cyanobacterium Borzia elongata are the only endemic algal species on Johnston Atoll. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicate that taxonomic affinities of Johnston Atoll lie between French Frigate Shoals and Wake Atoll. In terms of atolls, biodiversity of the marine flora of Johnston Atoll (i.e., 189 species) is surpassed only by the 256 algal species of the much-larger and better-studied Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands. C1 [Tsuda, Roy T.; Abbott, Isabella A.; Fisher, Jack R.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Dept Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Abbott, Isabella A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vroom, Peter S.] NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Tsuda, RT (reprint author), Bernice P Bishop Museum, Dept Nat Sci, 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM roy.tsuda@bishopmuseum.org FU NOAA; Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED); Bishop Museum [AB133F07CQ0051] FX NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program provided the funds to the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) for scientific expeditions to the U.S. Pacific Remote island Areas. Bishop Museum acknowledges CRED for financial support (AB133F07CQ0051) to sort and study the algal specimens from the 2004 and 2006 NOAA cruises to Johnston Atoll. Contribution 2010-002 of the Pacific Biological Survey, Bishop Museum. Manuscript accepted 24 December 2009. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 585 EP 605 DI 10.2984/64.4.585 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 658JW UT WOS:000282487300008 ER PT J AU Grimshaw, RHJ Khusnutdinova, KR Ostrovsky, LA Topolnikov, AS AF Grimshaw, R. H. J. Khusnutdinova, K. R. Ostrovsky, L. A. Topolnikov, A. S. TI Structure formation in the oceanic subsurface bubble layer by an internal wave field SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE; CLOUDS; SOUND; MODEL; PROPAGATION; EQUATIONS; LIQUID; SPEED; GUIDE AB We model the effects of an internal wave on the structure of the oceanic subsurface bubble layer, generated by breaking surface waves. We consider two situations: when breaking is caused either by a strong sustained wind or by the direct interaction of surface waves with an internal wave. We find that the effects are twofold; bubbles are driven by the internal wave field and the injection of bubbles into the water is enhanced in downwelling areas behind the crests of the internal wave. We use an uncoupled problem formulation, substituting the solution for an internal wave in a two-layer fluid model into the equations describing the bubble dynamics. The latter equations are solved numerically, showing structure formation in the bubble layer for each of the two cases, when one of the aforementioned mechanisms dominates the other. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3499379] C1 [Grimshaw, R. H. J.; Khusnutdinova, K. R.] Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Ostrovsky, L. A.] Zel Technol NoAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ostrovsky, L. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Topolnikov, A. S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Ufa Branch, Ufa 450054, Russia. RP Khusnutdinova, KR (reprint author), Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. EM k.khusnutdinova@lboro.ac.uk RI Grimshaw, Roger/J-7855-2013; OI Grimshaw, Roger/0000-0003-0917-3218; Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 FU Royal Society; Department of Mathematical Sciences of Loughborough University; London Mathematical Society; Science Faculty of Loughborough University FX We thank A. N. Serebryany for Refs. 19 and 20 and D. M. Farmer for Ref. 21. R. H. J. Grimshaw and K. R. Khusnutdinova thank the Royal Society and Department of Mathematical Sciences of Loughborough University for financial support of A. S. Topolnikov to Loughborough. K. R. Khusnutdinova thanks the London Mathematical Society and Science Faculty of Loughborough University for financial support of L. A. Ostrovsky to Loughborough. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2010 VL 22 IS 10 AR 106603 DI 10.1063/1.3499379 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 674MI UT WOS:000283748900027 ER PT J AU Ito, S Yoshie, N Okunishi, T Ono, T Okazaki, Y Kuwata, A Hashioka, T Rose, KA Megrey, BA Kishi, MJ Nakamachi, M Shimizu, Y Kakehi, S Saito, H Takahashi, K Tadokoro, K Kusaka, A Kasai, H AF Ito, Shin-ichi Yoshie, Naoki Okunishi, Takeshi Ono, Tsuneo Okazaki, Yuji Kuwata, Akira Hashioka, Taketo Rose, Kenneth A. Megrey, Bernard A. Kishi, Michio J. Nakamachi, Miwa Shimizu, Yugo Kakehi, Shigeho Saito, Hiroaki Takahashi, Kazutaka Tadokoro, Kazuaki Kusaka, Akira Kasai, Hiromi TI Application of an automatic approach to calibrate the NEMURO nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton food web model in the Oyashio region SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODEL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS MODEL; SAURY COLOLABIS-SAIRA; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; DATA ASSIMILATION; PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION; NEOCALANUS-CRISTATUS; WATERSHED MODEL; LIFE-HISTORIES AB The Oyashio region in the western North Pacific supports high biological productivity and has been well monitored. We applied the NEMURO (North Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography) model to simulate the nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton dynamics. Determination of parameters values is very important, yet ad hoc calibration methods are often used. We used the automatic calibration software PEST (model-independent Parameter ESTimation), which has been used previously with NEMURO but in a system without ontogenetic vertical migration of the large zooplankton functional group. Determining the performance of PEST with vertical migration, and obtaining a set of realistic parameter values for the Oyashio, will likely be useful in future applications of NEMURO. Five identical twin simulation experiments were performed with the one-box version of NEMURO. The experiments differed in whether monthly snapshot or averaged state variables were used, in whether state variables were model functional groups or were aggregated (total phytoplankton, small plus large zooplankton), and in whether vertical migration of large zooplankton was included or not. We then applied NEMURO to monthly climatological field data covering 1 year for the Oyashio, and compared model fits and parameter values between PEST-determined estimates and values used in previous applications to the Oyashio region that relied on ad hoc calibration. We substituted the PEST and ad hoc calibrated parameter values into a 3-D version of NEMURO for the western North Pacific, and compared the two sets of spatial maps of chlorophyll-a with satellite-derived data. The identical twin experiments demonstrated that PEST could recover the known model parameter values when vertical migration was included, and that over-fitting can occur as a result of slight differences in the values of the state variables. PEST recovered known parameter values when using monthly snapshots of aggregated state variables, but estimated a different set of parameters with monthly averaged values. Both sets of parameters resulted in good fits of the model to the simulated data. Disaggregating the variables provided to PEST into functional groups did not solve the over-fitting problem, and including vertical migration seemed to amplify the problem. When we used the climatological field data, simulated values with PEST-estimated parameters were closer to these field data than with the previously determined ad hoc set of parameter values. When these same PEST and ad hoc sets of parameter values were substituted into 3-D-NEMURO (without vertical migration), the PEST-estimated parameter values generated spatial maps that were similar to the satellite data for the Kuroshio Extension during January and March and for the subarctic ocean from May to November. With non-linear problems, such as vertical migration, PEST should be used with caution because parameter estimates can be sensitive to how the data are prepared and to the values used for the searching parameters of PEST. We recommend the usage of PEST, or other parameter optimization methods, to generate first-order parameter estimates for simulating specific systems and for insertion into 2-D and 3-D models. The parameter estimates that are generated are useful, and the inconsistencies between simulated values and the available field data provide valuable information on model behavior and the dynamics of the ecosystem. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ito, Shin-ichi; Okazaki, Yuji; Kuwata, Akira; Nakamachi, Miwa; Shimizu, Yugo; Kakehi, Shigeho; Saito, Hiroaki; Takahashi, Kazutaka; Tadokoro, Kazuaki] Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Yoshie, Naoki] Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Okunishi, Takeshi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Ono, Tsuneo; Kusaka, Akira; Kasai, Hiromi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan. [Hashioka, Taketo; Kishi, Michio J.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Hashioka, Taketo] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kishi, Michio J.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600813, Japan. RP Ito, S (reprint author), Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, 3-27-5 Shinhama Cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. EM goito@affrc.go.jp RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012; Kuwata, Akira/E-1121-2013 OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580; FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Japan FX We wish to acknowledge GLOBEC and PICES for supporting the development of the NEMURO family of models. Especially, members of PICES CCCC MODEL task team contributed to model developments. We also wish to thank the captain and crew of Hokko-maru, Wakataka-maru, Kofu-maru and other observation ships and scientists on those ships who maintain repeated observations in the Oyashio region. We thank M. Friedrichs and anonymous reviewers for their invaluable suggestions. This work was done under the Global Warming Project supported by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Japan. The participation of BAM in this paper is noted as research contribution EcoFOCI-0730 to NOAA's Ecosystem and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. Bernard A. Megrey died on 1 October 2010 while this paper was being prepared. He was a collaborator and a friend, and he will be missed. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 186 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.08.004 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 707PO UT WOS:000286298700017 ER PT J AU Link, JS Fulton, EA Gamble, RJ AF Link, Jason S. Fulton, Elizabeth A. Gamble, Robert J. TI The northeast US application of ATLANTIS: A full system model exploring marine ecosystem dynamics in a living marine resource management context SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID GEORGES BANK REGION; COUPLED BIOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL MODELS; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; SKILL ASSESSMENT; CIRCULATION MODEL; MAINE; OCEAN; GULF; PERFORMANCE; INDICATORS AB Understanding marine ecosystem dynamics is a key challenge and opportunity facing us. One of the ways we can continue to unravel and understand marine ecosystem dynamics is via ecosystem modeling. We used one such model. ATLANTIS, to help explore the dynamics of the Northeast United States (NEUS) Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (LME). We have parameterized ATLANTIS for the NEUS LME by including major functional groups across a range of biota, the physiographic dynamics of the ecosystem, and the major fishing fleets. The objectives of this work were to describe the application of this ATLANTIS NEUS model; briefly highlight modeling skill; note areas for further improvement, data gaps, major lessons learned, and how our understanding of the ecosystem was enhanced as we executed the modeling process; and note how these model outputs could inform living marine resource management in this region. The preliminary results we show here describe outputs from a multivariate, multispecies, multifactorial modeling approach. Our modeling skill is reasonable, as determined by the fact that over 90% of our fleet effort estimates, nearly 80% of our functional group catches, and 100% of our main functional group biomasses were within limits of tolerance. Moreover, the general patterns and phenology of major events were replicated consistently, both in space and time across a broad suite of physical, chemical, biological and human factors. These include several taxa groups such as primary producers, zooplankton, benthos, fishes, marine mammals, as well as nutrients, landings, and fishing effort. Conversely, as expected, there were some groups or fleets that did exceed levels of tolerance. These were mostly invertebrate groups such as shrimp, squid or gelatinous zooplankton, groups which are notorious for being difficult to model. Yet the major taxa groups and main fishing fleets were all well within levels of tolerance. Thus, we assert that with the majority of all main processes and state variables simulated, this ATLANTIS model can indeed reasonably approximate observations for the NEUS LME across a range of factors, and more importantly can be used to evaluate the relative prominence across a range of factors that contribute to the dynamics of this marine ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Link, Jason S.; Gamble, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Div Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Jason.Link@noaa.gov RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008 OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917 FU CSIRO FX We thank CSIRO and associated parties that provided a Frohlich fellowship to J.L. which formally initiated the collaboration among Australian and American scientists. We also thank H. Townsend at NMFS NCBO who provided support to help RG partially work on elements of the ATLANTIS NEUS application and develop tools for the easier parameterization of future ATLANTIS applications. We thank A.D.M. Smith for his general support and specifically arranging the connection among CSIRO and NMFS colleagues. We finally thank I. Kaplan and anonymous colleagues who provided constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 98 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 214 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.09.020 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 707PO UT WOS:000286298700019 ER PT J AU Runge, JA Kovach, AI Churchill, JH Kerr, LA Morrison, JR Beardsley, RC Berlinsky, DL Chen, CS Cadrin, SX Davis, CS Ford, KH Grabowski, JH Howell, WH Ji, RB Jones, RJ Pershing, AJ Record, NR Thomas, AC Sherwood, GD Tallack, SML Townsend, DW AF Runge, Jeffrey A. Kovach, Adrienne I. Churchill, James H. Kerr, Lisa A. Morrison, John R. Beardsley, Robert C. Berlinsky, David L. Chen, Changsheng Cadrin, Steven X. Davis, Cabell S. Ford, Kathryn H. Grabowski, Jonathan H. Howell, W. Huntting Ji, Rubao Jones, Rebecca J. Pershing, Andrew J. Record, Nicholas R. Thomas, Andrew C. Sherwood, Graham D. Tallack, Shelly M. L. Townsend, David W. TI Understanding climate impacts on recruitment and spatial dynamics of Atlantic cod in the Gulf of Maine: Integration of observations and modeling SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS; GEORGES BANK REGION; GADUS-MORHUA; COASTAL CURRENT; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTH-SEA; SUBSTRATE SELECTION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE AB We put forward a combined observing and modeling strategy for evaluating effects of environmental forcing on the dynamics of spatially structured cod populations spawning in the western Gulf of Maine. Recent work indicates at least two genetically differentiated complexes in this region: a late spring spawning, coastal population centered in Ipswich Bay, and a population that spawns in winter inshore and on nearshore banks in the Gulf of Maine and off southern New England. The two populations likely differ in trophic interactions and in physiological and behavioral responses to different winter and spring environments. Coupled physical-biological modeling has advanced to the point where within-decade forecasting of environmental conditions for recruitment to each of the two populations is feasible. However, the modeling needs to be supported by hydrographic, primary production and zooplankton data collected by buoys, and by data from remote sensing and fixed station sampling. Forecasts of environmentally driven dispersal and growth of planktonic early life stages, combined with an understanding of possible population-specific predator fields, usage of coastal habitat by juveniles and adult resident and migratory patterns, can be used to develop scenarios for spatially explicit population responses to multiple forcings, including climate change, anthropogenic impacts on nearshore juvenile habitat, connectivity among populations and management interventions such as regional fisheries closures. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Runge, Jeffrey A.; Jones, Rebecca J.; Pershing, Andrew J.; Record, Nicholas R.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Kovach, Adrienne I.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Churchill, James H.; Beardsley, Robert C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. [Kerr, Lisa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Runge, Jeffrey A.; Grabowski, Jonathan H.; Jones, Rebecca J.; Pershing, Andrew J.; Record, Nicholas R.; Sherwood, Graham D.; Tallack, Shelly M. L.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Morrison, John R.] NE Reg Assoc Coastal Ocean Observing Syst NERACOO, Seacoast Sci Ctr, Rye, NH 03870 USA. [Berlinsky, David L.; Howell, W. Huntting] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Chen, Changsheng] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Cadrin, Steven X.] NOAA UMass Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Davis, Cabell S.; Ji, Rubao] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ford, Kathryn H.] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. [Thomas, Andrew C.; Townsend, David W.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Runge, JA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 350 Commercial St, Portland, ME 04101 USA. EM jeffrey.runge@maine.edu; akovach@unh.edu; jchurchill@whoi.edu; lkerr@umassd.edu; Ru.Morrison@neracoos.org; rbeardsley@whoi.edu; david.berlinsky@unh.edu; c1chen@umassd.edu; steven.cadrin@noaa.gov; cdavis@whoi.edu; kathryn.ford@state.ma.us; jgrabowski@gmri.org; whh@unh.edu; rji@whoi.edu; rjones@gmri.org; andrew.pershing@maine.edu; nrecord@gmri.org; thomas@maine.edu; gsherwood@gmri.org; stallack@gmri.org; davidt@maine.edu RI Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015 OI Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427 FU NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; Northeast Consortium, NOAA; National Science Foundation [OCE-0814413, 0815051, 0815336, 0709518] FX This paper represents a contribution to the final workshop of the ICES Cod and Climate Change program, held at the 3rd GLOBEC Open Science Meeting. We thank F. Maps, A. Doubleday and L Fenderson for assistance, and Ian Perry and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments. Awards from the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, Northeast Consortium, NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program, National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers OCE-0814413, 0815051 and 0815336, and the NSF Coupled Natural and Human Systems program (0709518) are gratefully acknowledged. This is contribution number 677 to the US GLOBEC program. NR 113 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.09.016 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 707PO UT WOS:000286298700022 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Hurricane boundary-layer theory SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; friction layer; agradient flow ID TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; MODEL; INTENSITY; DYNAMICS; JETS AB In the light of the plethora of definitions for the hurricane boundary layer, we advocate a dynamical definition based on the distribution of agradient flow. We seek also to clarify the fundamental role of the boundary layer in the hurricane intensification process. In particular, we contrast the differences between unsteady boundary layers that are able to facilitate the spin-up of the vortex above and steady boundary layers that cannot. If slaved to the time-dependent vortex aloft, the latter can spin up the interior vortex only indirectly by changing its thermodynamic properties through vertical advection of these from below and adjustment to thermal wind balance. These differences are highlighted by an analytical demonstration that the application of a zero-vertical-gradient condition on velocity above a steady boundary layer does not provide a direct means of allowing the boundary layer to determine the flow in the interior vortex. This result assumes that frictional forces are negligible at this boundary. Finally, echoing a few previous insights, we question the applicability of conventional boundary-layer theory at radii of strong ascent into the eyewall, where the flow is akin to that of separation in aerodynamic boundary layers. Copyright (C) 2010 RoyalMeteorological Society C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0185]; US Naval Postgraduate School, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; NSF [ATM-0649944, ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426]; German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) FX This paper was written during the authors' recent visit to the US Hurricane Research Division of NOAA/AOML. We thank especially the Director, Frank Marks, and his staff for their generous hospitality and for creating a stimulating environment for pursuing hurricane research. MTM acknowledges the support of grant No. N00014-03-1-0185 from the US Office of Naval Research and from the US Naval Postgraduate School, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, and NSF ATM-0649944, ATM-0649946 and ATM-0715426. RKS acknowledges financial support for hurricane research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). NR 31 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 652 BP 1665 EP 1670 DI 10.1002/qj.679 PN A PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 678AP UT WOS:000284039900002 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Smith, RK Nguyen, SV AF Montgomery, Michael T. Smith, Roger K. Nguyen, Sang V. TI Sensitivity of tropical-cyclone models to the surface drag coefficient SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricane; typhoon; surface exchange; frictional drag ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; PART I; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; TURBULENT FLUXES; WIND STRUCTURE; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; EXCHANGE; CORE AB Motivated by recent developments in tropical-cyclone dynamics, this paper re-examines a basic aspect of tropical-cyclone behaviour, namely, the sensitivity of tropical-cyclone models to the surface drag coefficient. Previous theoretical and numerical studies of the sensitivity in axisymmetric models have found that the intensity decreases markedly with increasing drag coefficient. Here we present a series of three-dimensional convection-permitting numerical experiments in which the intensification rate and intensity of the vortex increase with increasing surface drag coefficient until a certain threshold value is attained and then decrease. In particular, tropical depression-strength vortices intensify to major hurricane intensity for values of CK/CD as small as 0.1, significantly smaller than the critical threshold value of about 0.75 for major hurricane development predicted by Emanuel using an axisymmetric balance model. Moreover, when the drag coefficient is set to zero, no system-scale intensification occurs, despite persistent sea-to-air fluxes of moisture that maintain deep convective activity. This result is opposite to that found in a prior axisymmetric study by Craig and Gray. The findings are interpreted using recent insights obtained on tropical-cyclone intensification, which highlight the intrinsically unbalanced dynamics of the tropical-cyclone boundary layer. The reasons for the differences from earlier axisymmetric studies and some potential ramifications of our findings are discussed. The relative insensitivity of the intensification rate and intensity found for drag coefficients typical of high wind speeds over the ocean calls into question the need for coupled ocean wave-atmospheric models to accurately forecast tropical-cyclone intensity. Copyright (C) c 2010 RoyalMeteorological Society C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Smith, Roger K.; Nguyen, Sang V.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu FU ONR at the US Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) [TCS08]; US Office of Naval Research, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division [N00014-03-1-0185]; US National Science Foundation [ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426]; German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) FX A first draft of this paper was written during the week of the ONR-sponsored TCS08 workshop held at the US Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in October 2009. The authors wish to thank Scott Braun for his constructive review of this paper. MTM acknowledges the support of grant No. N00014-03-1-0185 from the US Office of Naval Research, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, and the US National Science Foundation grants ATM-0649946 and ATM-0715426. RKS acknowledges financial support for hurricane research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). NR 57 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 653 BP 1945 EP 1953 DI 10.1002/qj.702 PN B PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694QO UT WOS:000285312900002 ER PT J AU Pagowski, M Grell, GA McKeen, SA Peckham, SE Devenyi, D AF Pagowski, M. Grell, G. A. McKeen, S. A. Peckham, S. E. Devenyi, D. TI Three-dimensional variational data assimilation of ozone and fine particulate matter observations: some results using the Weather Research and Forecasting - Chemistry model and Grid-point Statistical Interpolation SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; chemistry; air quality; modelling ID CHEMICAL-DATA ASSIMILATION; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; PART I; METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; ACID DEPOSITION; OXIDANT MODEL; UNITED-STATES; EMISSION RATE AB In operational air-quality forecasting, initial concentrations of chemical species are often obtained using previous-day forecasts with limited or no account for the observations. In this article we assess the role that assimilation of surface measurements of ozone and fine aerosols can play in improving the skill of air-quality forecasts. An assimilation experiment is performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting - Chemistry model and Grid-point Statistical Interpolation, a three-dimensional variational assimilation tool. The modelling domain covers the northeastern region of North America. The measurements come from the United States Environmental Protection Agency AIRNow network and are available hourly. Background error covariance statistics are derived from forecasts in July 2004. Comparison of forecasts issued in August and September 2006 and initialized with and without the assimilation follows. Results show that forecasts of ozone and fine aerosol concentrations benefit from the assimilation in terms of standard verification scores for a period of at least 24 hours. However, significant reduction of errors as a consequence of the assimilation is accompanied by fast model error growth in the early forecast hours. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Pagowski, M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pagowski, M.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Grell, G. A.; McKeen, S. A.; Peckham, S. E.; Devenyi, D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pagowski, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, R GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mariusz.pagowski@noaa.gov RI pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 FU NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research; NOAA; NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology FX This research is funded by Early Start Funding from the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research, the NOAA Air Quality Program, and the NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology. Credit for programme support and management is given to Paula Davidson (NOAA/NWS/OST), Steve Fine (NOAA/ARL), and Jim Meagher (NOAA/ESRL/CSD). Ozone and PM2.5 observations were obtained through the US EPA AIRNow Data Exchange programme. Comments of anonymous reviewers and Tom Schlatter from NOAA/ESRL are highly appreciated. Hendrik Elbern and members of his research group at the University of Cologne are thanked for discussions on some aspects of this work. NR 57 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 653 BP 2013 EP 2024 DI 10.1002/qj.700 PN B PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694QO UT WOS:000285312900007 ER PT J AU Collard, AD McNally, AP Hilton, FI Healy, SB Atkinson, NC AF Collard, A. D. McNally, A. P. Hilton, F. I. Healy, S. B. Atkinson, N. C. TI The use of principal component analysis for the assimilation of high-resolution infrared sounder observations for numerical weather prediction SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE AIRS; IASI; data assimilation; satellite data ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; AIRS; IASI; RADIANCES; ECMWF AB Methodologies are discussed for the efficient representation of observations from high-resolution infrared sounders for the purposes of assimilation into numerical weather prediction models. The use of principal component analysis is explored and it is noted that, while the available information in the observations is stored efficiently, the non-locality of the Jacobians that arise may cause practical problems in an operational assimilation system. Reconstructing radiance spectra from the principal components appears to be a more realistic approach in the near term. However, initial experiments with reconstructed radiances do not appear to give significant improvements in forecast skill above that already demonstrated with the current use of advanced sounder data. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright. C1 [Collard, A. D.; McNally, A. P.; Healy, S. B.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Hilton, F. I.; Atkinson, N. C.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Collard, AD (reprint author), NOAA, WWB 207,4200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM andrew.collard@noaa.gov FU EUMETSAT [EUM WP 989-2] FX We would like to thank Marco Matricardi and Tim Hultberg for help and useful discussions in the preparation of this paper. We would also like to thank an anonymous reviewer who found a number of small but important errors in the equations. Parts of this work were under EUMETSAT contract No. EUM WP 989-2 and through the EUMETSAT NWPSAF. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 653 BP 2038 EP 2050 DI 10.1002/qj.701 PN B PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694QO UT WOS:000285312900009 ER PT J AU Zhao, TXP Ackerman, S Guo, W AF Zhao, Tom X. -P. Ackerman, Steve Guo, Wei TI Dust and Smoke Detection for Multi-Channel Imagers SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE dust; smoke; detection algorithm; satellite imagers AB A detection algorithm of dust and smoke for application to satellite multi-channel imagers is introduced in this paper. The algorithm is simple and solely based on spectral and spatial threshold tests along with some uniformity texture. Detailed examinations of the threshold tests are performed along with explanations of the physical basis. The detection is performed efficiently at the pixel level and output is in the form of an index (or flag): 0 (no dust/smoke) and 1 (dust/smoke). The detection algorithm is implemented sequentially and designed to run on segments of data instead of pixel by pixel for efficient processing. MODIS observations are used to test the operation and performance of the algorithm. The algorithm can capture heavy dust and smoke plumes very well over both land and ocean and therefore is used as a global detection algorithm. The method can be applied to any multi-channel imagers with channels at (or close to) 0.47, 0.64, 0.86, 1.38, 2.26, 3.9, 11.0, 12.0 mu m (such as current EOS/MODIS and future JPSS/VIIRS and GOES-R/ABI) for the detection of dust and smoke. It can be used to operationally monitor the outbreak and dispersion of dust storms and smoke plumes that are potentially hazardous to our environment and impact climate. C1 [Zhao, Tom X. -P.] NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Ackerman, Steve] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Guo, Wei] IM Syst Grp Inc, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov; steve.ackerman@ssec.wisc.edu; Wei.Guo@noaa.gov RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011 OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269 FU National Climate Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA FX The leader author would like to acknowledge the climate data record (CDR) project at the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA for providing the funding support. We also appreciate the suggestions and comments on the manuscript from Ken Knapp and Sharon LeDuc at the NCDC. The encouragement and constructive suggestions from three anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 10 BP 2347 EP 2368 DI 10.3390/rs2102347 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HR UT WOS:000208402000003 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Stutman, D Tritz, K Finkenthal, M Tarrio, C Grantham, S AF Kumar, Deepak Stutman, Dan Tritz, Kevin Finkenthal, Michael Tarrio, Charles Grantham, Steven TI Transmission grating based extreme ultraviolet imaging spectrometer for time and space resolved impurity measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB A free standing transmission grating based imaging spectrometer in the extreme ultraviolet range has been developed for the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The spectrometer operates in a survey mode covering the approximate spectral range from 30 to 700 angstrom and has a resolving capability of delta lambda/lambda on the order of 3%. Initial results from space resolved impurity measurements from NSTX are described in this paper. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3474661] C1 [Kumar, Deepak; Stutman, Dan; Tritz, Kevin; Finkenthal, Michael] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Tarrio, Charles; Grantham, Steven] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM deepak@pha.jhu.edu RI Kumar, Deepak/G-6001-2014; Kumar, Deepak/J-3614-2015; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E507 DI 10.1063/1.3474661 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000234 PM 21034035 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Szabo, CI Feldman, U Hudson, LT Henins, A Audebert, P Brambrink, E AF Seely, J. F. Szabo, C. I. Feldman, U. Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. Audebert, P. Brambrink, E. TI Hard x-ray transmission crystal spectrometer at the OMEGA-EP laser facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The transmission crystal spectrometer (TCS) is approved for taking data at the OMEGA-EP laser facility since 2009 and will be available for the OMEGA target chamber in 2010. TCS utilizes a Cauchois type cylindrically bent transmission crystal geometry with a source to crystal distance of 600 mm. Spectral images are recorded by image plates in four positions, one IP on the Rowland circle and three others at 200, 400, and 600 mm beyond the Rowland circle. An earlier version of TCS was used at LULI on experiments that determined the x-ray source size from spectral line broadening on one IP positioned behind the Rowland circle. TCS has recorded numerous backlighter spectra at EP for point projection radiography and for source size measurements. Hard x-ray source size can be determined from the source broadening of both K shell emission lines and from K absorption edges in the bremsstrahlung continuum, the latter being a new way to measure the spatial extent of the hard x-ray bremsstrahlung continuum. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3464232] C1 [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Szabo, C. I.; Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Audebert, P.; Brambrink, E.] Ecole Polytech, LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E301 DI 10.1063/1.3464232 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000198 PM 21034000 ER PT J AU Szabo, CI Workman, J Flippo, K Feldman, U Seely, JF Hudson, LT Henins, A AF Szabo, C. I. Workman, J. Flippo, K. Feldman, U. Seely, J. F. Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. TI Scaling studies with the dual crystal spectrometer at the OMEGA-EP laser facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The dual crystal spectrometer (DCS) is an approved diagnostic at the OMEGA and the OMEGA-EP laser facilities for the measurement of high energy x-rays in the 11-90 keV energy range, e. g., for verification of the x-ray spectrum of backlighter targets of point projection radiography experiments. DCS has two cylindrically bent transmission crystal channels with image plate detectors at distances behind the crystals close to the size of the respective Rowland circle diameters taking advantage of the focusing effect of the cylindrically bent geometry. DCS, with a source to crystal distance of 1.2 m, provides the required energy dispersion for simultaneous detection of x-rays in a low energy channel (11-45 keV) and a high-energy channel (19-90 keV). A scaling study is described for varied pulse length with unchanged laser conditions (energy, focusing). The study shows that the K alpha line intensity is not strongly dependent on the length of the laser pulse. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3494222] C1 [Szabo, C. I.; Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Workman, J.; Flippo, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Szabo, CI (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Spring Circle, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM cszabo@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009 OI Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E320 DI 10.1063/1.3494222 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000217 PM 21034018 ER PT J AU Szabo, CI Feldman, U Seely, JF Curry, JJ Hudson, LT Henins, A AF Szabo, C. I. Feldman, U. Seely, J. F. Curry, J. J. Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. TI Asymmetrically cut crystal pair as x-ray magnifier for imaging at high intensity laser facilities SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID EMISSION AB The potential of an x-ray magnifier prepared from a pair of asymmetrically cut crystals is studied to explore high energy x-ray imaging capabilities at high intensity laser facilities. OMEGA-EP and NIF when irradiating mid and high Z targets can be a source of high-energy x-rays whose production mechanisms and use as backlighters are a subject of active research. This paper studies the properties and potential of existing asymmetric cut crystal pairs from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) built in a new enclosure for imaging x-ray sources. The technique of the x-ray magnifier has been described previously. This new approach is aimed to find a design that could be used at laser facilities by magnifying the x-ray source into a screen far away from the target chamber center, with fixed magnification defined by the crystals' lattice spacing and the asymmetry angles. The magnified image is monochromatic and the imaging wavelength is set by crystal asymmetry and incidence angles. First laboratory results are presented and discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492382] C1 [Szabo, C. I.; Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Curry, J. J.; Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Szabo, CI (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Spring Circle, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM cszabo@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E311 DI 10.1063/1.3492382 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000208 PM 21034010 ER PT J AU Bruckner, AW Borneman, EH AF Bruckner, Andrew W. Borneman, Eric H. TI Implications of coral harvest and transplantation on reefs in northwestern Dominica SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Marine-Laboratories-of-the-Caribbean CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL Roseau, DOMINICA SP Assoc Marine Labs Caribbean (AMLC) DE coral mariculture fragmentation restoration coral health and disease transplantation ID TRADE AB In June 2002 the government of Dominica requested assistance in evaluating the coral culture and transplantation activities being undertaken by Oceanographic Institute of Dominica (OID) a coral farm culturing both western Atlantic and Indo Pacific corals for restoration and commercial sales We assessed the culture facilities of OID the condition of reefs potential impacts of coral collection and benefits of coral transplantation Coral reefs (9 reefs 3 20m depth) were characterized by 35 species of scleractinian corals and a live coral cover of 8 35% Early colonizing brooders such as Porites astreoides (148% of all corals) P porites (14 8%) Meandrina meandrites (14 7%) and Agaracia agaricites (9 1%) were the most abundant corals but colonies were mostly small (mean=25cm diameter) Montastraea annularis (complex) was the other dominant taxa (20 8% of all corals) and colonies were larger (mean=70cm) Corals (pooled species) were missing an aver age of 20% of their tissue with a mean of 1 4% recent mortality Coral diseases affected 6 4% of all colonies with the highest prevalence at Cabrits West (11 0%) Douglas Bay (12 2%) and Coconut Outer reef (20 7%) White plague and yellow band disease were causing the greatest loss of tissue especially among M annularis (comp!, x) with localized impacts from corallivores overgrowth by macroalgae storm damage and sedimenta lion While the reefs appeared to be undergoing substantial decline, restoration efforts by OID were unlikely to promote recovery No Pacific species were identified at OID restoration sites yet species chosen for transplantation with highest survival included short lived brooders (Agaricia and Porites) that were abundant in restoration sits as well as non reef builders (Palythoa and Erythropodium) that monopolize substrates and overgrow corals The species of highest value for restoration (massive broadcast spawners) showed low survivorship and unrestored populations of these species were most affected by biotic stressors and human impacts all of which need to be addressed to enhance survival of outplants Problems with culture practices at OID such as high water temperature adequate light levels and persistent overgrowth by macroalgae could be addressed through simple modifications Nevertheless coral disease and other stressors are of major concern to the most important reef builders as these species are less amenable to restoration collection could threaten their survival and losses require decades to centuries to replace Rev Biol Trop 58 (Suppl 3) I 1 1 127 Epub 2010 October 01 C1 [Bruckner, Andrew W.] Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Fdn, Landover, MD 20978 USA. [Bruckner, Andrew W.] NOAA, Fisheries Off Habitat Conservat, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Borneman, Eric H.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. RP Bruckner, AW (reprint author), Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Fdn, Landover, MD 20978 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 58 SU 3 BP 111 EP 127 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 677CW UT WOS:000283967700010 PM 21299100 ER PT J AU Schittone, J AF Schittone, Joe TI Restoration and monitoring of a vessel grounding on a shallow reef in the Florida Keys SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Marine-Laboratories-of-the-Caribbean CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL Roseau, DOMINICA SP Assoc Marine Labs Caribbean (AMLC) DE coral restoration vessel grounding coral monitoring coral density coral biodiversity coral size class frequency distribution ID CORAL RECRUITMENT; SETTLEMENT; MACROALGAE; SUCCESS AB This paper summarizes the results of a monitoring event designed to track the recovery of a repaired coral reef injured by the M/V Alec Owen Maitland vessel grounding incident of October 25 1989 This grounding occurred within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Pursuant to the National Marine Sanctuaries Act NOAA recovers money for injury to Sanctuary resources and uses it to restore those resources A monitoring program tracks patterns of recovery in order to determine the success of restoration measures To evaluate success reference habitats adjacent to the restoration site are concurrently monitored to compare the condition of restored areas with natural areas Restoration of this site was completed in September 1995 by means of cement and limestone rock and the monitoring results from summer 2007 are presented Monitoring consisted of comparison of the biological conditions in the restored area with the reference area Monitored corals are divided into the Orders Gorgonians Milleporans and Scleractimans Densities at the restored and reference areas are compared and are shown to be greater in the restored Size class frequency distributions for the most abundant Scleractimans are examined and reveal that the restoration is converging on the reference area Also for the Scleractimans number and percentage of colonies by species as well as several common biodiversity indices are provided measures for the restored area approximate the reference area A quantitative comparison of colony substrate settlement preference in the restored area is provided for all Orders, and for Scleractimans is further broken down for the two most frequent Genera Rev Biol Trop 58 (Suppl 3) 151 161 Epub 2010 October 01 C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schittone, J (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 E West Hwy SSMC4 NMS-6 11th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 58 SU 3 BP 151 EP 161 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 677CW UT WOS:000283967700013 PM 21299102 ER PT J AU Martys, NS George, WL Chun, BW Lootens, D AF Martys, Nicos S. George, William L. Chun, Byong-Wa Lootens, Didier TI A smoothed particle hydrodynamics-based fluid model with a spatially dependent viscosity: application to flow of a suspension with a non-Newtonian fluid matrix SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Suspension; Shear-thinning fluids; Non-Newtonian fluids ID DYNAMICS; RHEOLOGY; SIMULATION; YIELD AB A smoothed particle hydrodynamics approach is utilized to model a non-Newtonian fluid with a spatially varying viscosity. In the limit of constant viscosity, this approach recovers an earlier model for Newtonian fluids of Espaol and Revenga (Phys Rev E 67:026705, 2003). Results are compared with numerical solutions of the general Navier-Strokes equation using the "regularized" Bingham model of Papanastasiou (J Rheol 31:385-404, 1987) that has a shear-rate-dependent viscosity. As an application of this model, the effect of having a non-Newtonian fluid matrix, with a shear-rate-dependent viscosity in a moderately dense suspension, is examined. Simulation results are then compared with experiments on mono-size silica spheres in a shear-thinning fluid and for sand in a calcium carbonate paste. Excellent agreement is found between simulation and experiment. These results indicate that measurements of the shear viscosity of simple shear-rate-dependent non-Newtonian fluids may be used in simulation to predict the viscosity of concentrated suspensions having the same matrix fluid. C1 [Martys, Nicos S.; George, William L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chun, Byong-Wa] Grace Construct Prod, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Lootens, Didier] SIKA Technol AG, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Martys, NS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicos.martys@nist.gov FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We would like to gratefully acknowledge support from the Virtual Cement and Concrete testing Laboratory Consortium (VCCTL). The flow simulations were performed under award SMD-05-A-0129, "Modeling the Rheological Properties of Suspensions: Applications to Cement Based Materials" for NASA's National Leadership Computing System Initiative on the "Columbia" supercomputer at the NASA Ames Research Center. This research also used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0035-4511 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD OCT PY 2010 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1059 EP 1069 DI 10.1007/s00397-010-0480-7 PG 11 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 653LF UT WOS:000282092100007 ER PT J AU Jach, T AF Jach, Terrence TI High-resolution X-ray spectrometry of solids using the microcalorimeter X-ray detector SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Atomic Level Characterizations for New Materials and Devices CY DEC 06-11, 2009 CL Maui, HI SP Japanese Soc Promot Sci, 141st Comm Microbeam Anal DE microcalorimeter; X-ray detector; X-ray satellite; spectrum; Al; Mg ID MAGNESIUM; AL; MICROANALYSIS; SPECTRUM; MG AB We analyze here the spectrum of the Al K alpha and Mg K alpha X-ray lines obtained by electron excitation of a multielement glass. The spectrum was obtained in an electron beam probe using a microcalorimeter X-ray detector. With 7 eV resolution, we are able to observe and compare the intensity ratios of the K alpha(3,4) satellitesto the K alpha(1,2) main lines. These satellites are sensitive to the chemistry of the solid. We compare our observed values to the intensity ratios obtained by Klauber and by Krause & Ferreira. The agreement of the relative satellite intensities in our measurement is more consistent with ratios for metals than for oxides. The ability to observe satellites of lines in multielement samples using the microcalorimeter detector opens up new possibilities for the interpretation of atomic core-valence processes in solids. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jach, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM terrence.jach@nist.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD OCT-NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 10-11 BP 1646 EP 1649 DI 10.1002/sia.3598 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 660TS UT WOS:000282668800031 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Powell, C AF Jablonski, A. Powell, C. J. TI Dependence of the AES backscattering correction factor on the experimental configuration SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Computer simulations; Auger ejection; Electron bombardment; Electron-solid interactions; Palladium ID AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ESCAPE PROBABILITY; QUANTITATIVE AES; NONCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATTENUATION; IONIZATION; QUANTIFICATION AB We present an analysis of the dependence of the backscattering correction factor (BCF) in Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES) on the analyzer acceptance angle. Illustrative BCF calculations are presented for Pd M(5)N(45)N(45) Auger electrons as a function of primary-electron energy for primary-electron angles of incidence, 00, of 0 and 80 and for various values of the analyzer acceptance angle. It was necessary to generalize the BCF definition for the case of an analyzer with an arbitrarily large acceptance angle; this was done with a new function, the integral emission depth distribution function. BCFs calculated from an advanced model of electron transport in the surface region of the Pd sample varied weakly with analyzer half-cone angle for theta(0)=0 degrees but more strongly for theta(0)=80 degrees where there were BCF differences varying between 19% at a primary energy of 1 key and 6% at a primary energy of 5 key. These BCF differences are due in part to variations of the BCF with emission angle and in part to variations of the density of inner-shell ionizations within the information depth for the detected Auger electrons. The latter variations are responsible for differences larger than 10% between BCFs from the widely used simplified BCF model and those from the more accurate advanced model for primary energies less than about 5 keV for theta(0)=80 degrees. For normal incidence of the primary beam, differences greater than 10% between BCFs from the simplified and advanced models were found for primary energies between 1 key and 4 keV. These BCF differences indicate that the simplified model can provide only approximate BCF values. In addition, the simplified model does not provide any BCF dependence on Auger-electron emission angle or analyzer acceptance angle. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jablonski, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Powell, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Ul Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM Jablo@ichf.edu.pl NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 604 IS 21-22 BP 1928 EP 1939 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2010.07.030 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 665DD UT WOS:000283014500020 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, TN Pattnaik, S Biswas, MK Bensman, E Kramer, M Surgi, N Kumar, TSVV AF Krishnamurti, T. N. Pattnaik, Sandeep Biswas, Mrinal K. Bensman, Ed Kramer, Melanie Surgi, Naomi Kumar, T. S. V. Vijaya TI Hurricane Forecasts with a Mesoscale Suite of Models SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; INTENSITY; SENSITIVITY; IMPACT; PRECIPITATION; LONGWAVE AB A suite of mesoscale models are being used in the present study to examine experimental forecast performance for tracks and intensity of hurricanes covering the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. Fifty-eight storm cases are being considered in the present study. Most of the mesoscale models are being run at a horizontal resolution at around 9 km. This includes the WRF (two versions), MM5, HWRF, GFDL and DSHP. The performances of forecasts are evaluated using absolute errors for storm track and intensity. Our consensus forecasts utilize ensemble mean and a bias corrected ensemble mean for these member models on the mesoscale and the large-scale model suites. Comparing the forecast statistics for the mesoscale suite, the large-scale suite and the combined suite we find that the mesoscale suite provided the best track forecasts for 60 and 72 h. However, the forecast from the combined suite of model were also very close to the track errors of the mesoscale at 60 and 72 h. Overall track forecast errors were least for the combined suite. The intensity forecasts of the bias corrected ensemble mean of the mesoscale suite were comparable to DSHP and GFDL at the later part of the forecast periods. C1 [Krishnamurti, T. N.; Biswas, Mrinal K.; Kramer, Melanie] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Pattnaik, Sandeep] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Bensman, Ed] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Surgi, Naomi; Kumar, T. S. V. Vijaya] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Krishnamurti, TN (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM tkrishnamurti@fsu.edu FU NSF [ATM-0553491, ATM-0419618]; NOAA [4400105430, 120001515-01]; NASA [NNG05GH81G] FX The authors thank Drs. Richard Pasch, James Franklin, Chris Landsea, Mike Fiorino for their critical comments on this manuscript, those comments helped immensely in improving this paper. This work was supported by grants from NSF grants ATM-0553491 and ATM-0419618, SAIC Subcontract 4400105430 from NOAA, FIU Subcontract 120001515-01 from NOAA, NASA grant NNG05GH81G. The in house model runs were done in Linux Cluster provided by HPC-FSU. Computations at Notre Dame were supported by the Northwest Indiana Computational Grid (NWICG). NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 62 IS 5 BP 633 EP 646 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00469.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 654QE UT WOS:000282182300004 ER PT J AU Tester, PA Feldman, RL Nau, AW Kibler, SR Litaker, RW AF Tester, Patricia A. Feldman, Rebecca L. Nau, Amy W. Kibler, Steven R. Litaker, R. Wayne TI Ciguatera fish poisoning and sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Gambierdiscus carolinianus; G. pacificus; G. ruetzleri; G. belizeanus; G. caribaeus; Gambierdiscus Ribotype 2; Dinoflagellate; Growth rates; Climate change; Ciguatoxins; Incidence rates; Tropical Pacific Ocean; CFP ID GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS ADACHI; PUERTO-RICO; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEFS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DINOPHYCEAE; PACIFIC; IDENTIFICATION; DINOFLAGELLATE AB Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a circumtropical disease caused by ingestion of a variety of reef fish that bioaccumulate algal toxins. Distribution and abundance of the organisms that produce these toxins, chiefly dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus, are reported to correlate positively with water temperature. Consequently, there is growing concern that increasing temperatures associated with climate change could increase the incidence of CFP. This concern prompted experiments on the growth rates of six Gambierdiscus species at temperatures between 18 degrees C and 33 degrees C and the examination of sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean and West Indies for areas that could sustain rapid Gambierdiscus growth rates year-round. The thermal optimum for five of six Gambierdiscus species tested was >= 29 degrees C. Long-term SST data from the southern Gulf of Mexico indicate the number of days with sea surface temperatures >= 29 degrees C has nearly doubled (44 to 86) in the last three decades. To determine how the sea surface temperatures and Gambierdiscus growth data correlate with CFP incidences in the Caribbean, a literature review and a uniform, region-wide survey (1996-2006) of CFP cases were conducted. The highest CFP incidence rates were in the eastern Caribbean where water temperatures are warmest and least variable. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tester, Patricia A.; Nau, Amy W.; Kibler, Steven R.; Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Feldman, Rebecca L.] RLF Environm, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. RP Tester, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM pat.tester@noaa.gov FU NOS International Program Office FX We would like to thank Dr. Nathalie Valette-Silver of the National Ocean Service (NOS) NOAA for facilitating this study and the NOS International Program Office for funding. We appreciate the guidance from Leonard Young, Public Health Scientist, Eastern Research Group; Dr. Marybeth Bauer, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Dr. Chris Ellis and Ms. Lauren Smith, Human Dimensions Program, NOAA Coastal Services Center; and Dr. Janna Shackeroff, Duke University Marine Laboratory, in the development of the questions used in this study. Dr. T. Darius kindly provided data to Amy Nau for French Polynesia. We also would like to thank the government representatives in the Caribbean countries and territories surveyed for generously taking the time to share information about CFP. Some of the sea surface temperature data used in this study were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) as part of the NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). Reference to trade names does not imply product endorsement by the National Ocean Service.; NOAA program funds, NOAA International Program Office. NR 72 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD OCT PY 2010 VL 56 IS 5 SI SI BP 698 EP 710 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.02.026 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 645XN UT WOS:000281499600007 PM 20206196 ER PT J AU Litaker, RW Vandersea, MW Faust, MA Kibler, SR Nau, AW Holland, WC Chinain, M Holmes, MJ Tester, PA AF Litaker, R. Wayne Vandersea, Mark W. Faust, Maria A. Kibler, Steven R. Nau, Amy W. Holland, William C. Chinain, Mireille Holmes, Michael J. Tester, Patricia A. TI Global distribution of ciguatera causing dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; CFP; Ciguatera fish poisoning; Gambierdiscus australes; G. belizeanus; G. caribaeus; G. carpenteri; G. carolinianus; G. pacificus; G. polynesiensis; G. ruetzleri; G. toxicus; G. yasumotoi; Maitotoxin; Monitoring; Phylogeny; Ribotype ID WATER-SOLUBLE TOXIN; JACK CARANX-LATUS; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; INDIAN-OCEAN; CARIBBEAN CIGUATOXINS; FUKUYO DINOPHYCEAE; FLORIDA KEYS; CORAL-REEF; TOXICITY; FISH AB Dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus produce toxins that bioaccumulate in tropical and sub-tropical fishes causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). Little is known about the diversity and distribution of Gambierdiscus species, the degree to which individual species vary in toxicity, and the role each plays in causing CFP. This paper presents the first global distribution of Gambierdiscus species. Phylogenetic analyses of the existing isolates indicate that five species are endemic to the Atlantic (including the Caribbean/West Indies and Gulf of Mexico), five are endemic to the tropical Pacific, and that two species. Gambierdiscus carpenteri and Gambierdiscus caribaeus are globally distributed. The differences in Gambierdiscus species composition in the Atlantic and Pacific correlated with structural differences in the ciguatoxins reported from Atlantic and Pacific fish. This correlation supports the hypothesis that Gambierdiscus species in each region produce different toxin suites. A literature survey indicated a >100-fold variation in toxicity among species compared with a 2 to 9-fold within species variation due to changing growth conditions. These observations suggest that CFP events are driven more by inherent differences in species toxicity than by environmental modulation. How variations in species toxicity may affect the development of an early warning system for CFP is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Litaker, R. Wayne; Vandersea, Mark W.; Kibler, Steven R.; Nau, Amy W.; Holland, William C.; Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Faust, Maria A.] Smithsonian Inst, United States Natl Herbarium, Dept Bot, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Chinain, Mireille] Inst Louis Malarde, Lab Microalgues Tox, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Holmes, Michael J.] Queensland Dept Environm & Resource Management, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. RP Litaker, RW (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM wayne.litaker@noaa.gov FU Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Endowment; NOAA FX We thank Dr. Klaus Rutzler, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution for his long-term support of the research program in Belize from which we have benefited greatly. Special thanks to Michael Carpenter and Bertol Pfeiffer for logistic support. Dr. Clement Lewsey from NOAA's International Programs Office provided critical support for the sampling efforts in the Puerto Rico region. Partial support for the research also came from grants provided by the Smithsonian Institution Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CCRE), the Smithsonian Institution Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Endowment and NOAA program funds. This is contribution number 844 of the Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program. We thank Paula Whitfield, Christine Addison, Brian Degan, Roldan Munoz, John Burke, Dave Cerino, Michael Dowgiallo, Wilson Freshwater, David Johnson, Brett Harrison, Doug Kesling, William Lee, Roger Mays, James Morris, Brandon Puckett, Sherry Reed, and Brad Teer for assisting in sample collection from the Caribbean and West Indies. NR 137 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 6 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD OCT PY 2010 VL 56 IS 5 SI SI BP 711 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.05.017 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 645XN UT WOS:000281499600008 PM 20561539 ER PT J AU Roeder, K Erler, K Kibler, S Tester, P Ho, VT Lam, NN Gerdts, G Luckas, B AF Roeder, Karin Erler, Katrin Kibler, Steven Tester, Patricia Ho Van The Lam Nguyen-Ngoc Gerdts, Gunnar Luckas, Bernd TI Characteristic profiles of Ciguatera toxins in different strains of Gambierdiscus spp. SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Marine biotoxins; Ciguatera fish poisoning; Gambierdiscus spp. ID TOXICUS DINOPHYCEAE; GAMBIERIC ACIDS; CARANX-LATUS; FOOD-CHAIN; SP-NOV; DINOFLAGELLATE; CIGUATOXIN; CULTURE; FISH AB Ciguatera fish poisoning characterizes the intoxication caused by consumption of fish from tropical and subtropical areas, which have accumulated ciguatoxins (CTXs). The observed pattern of ciguatoxins in fish highly depends on the marine region and the causative organisms. It is evident that differences exist between ciguatoxins produced by certain strains of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus and other Gambierdiscus spp. In this context cultured strains purchased from the Provasoli-Guillard National Center for Culture of Marine Phytoplankton (CCMP) and strains from Vietnam were analyzed. Besides, lyophilized samples of several Gambierdiscus spp. from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA and lyophilized samples of G. toxic-us from Vietnam were analyzed. The latter has been cultured at different salinities. We observed differences between the toxin ratios of the analogues in the strain from Vietnam depending on the salinity. The CTX profiles of the Vietnamese samples were compared with cultures of Gambierdiscus spp. from CCMP and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) resulting in an overview of toxins in cultures from different regions. Hence, it was obvious that the strain from Vietnam forms a characteristic CTX profile which is not directly comparable to CTX pattern observed in other tropical marine regions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roeder, Karin; Erler, Katrin; Luckas, Bernd] Univ Jena, Fac Biol & Pharm, Dept Food Chem, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Gerdts, Gunnar] Alfred Wegener Inst, Biol Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany. [Kibler, Steven; Tester, Patricia] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC USA. [Ho Van The; Lam Nguyen-Ngoc] Inst Oceanog, Vinh Nguyen, Nha Trang, Vietnam. RP Roeder, K (reprint author), Univ Jena, Fac Biol & Pharm, Dept Food Chem, Dornburger Str 25, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM karin.roeder@uni-jena.de NR 41 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD OCT PY 2010 VL 56 IS 5 SI SI BP 731 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.039 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 645XN UT WOS:000281499600009 PM 19682482 ER PT J AU Chinain, M Darius, HT Ung, A Cruchet, P Wang, ZH Ponton, D Laurent, D Pauillac, S AF Chinain, Mireille Darius, H. Taiana Ung, Andre Cruchet, Philippe Wang, Zhihong Ponton, Dominique Laurent, Dominique Pauillac, Serge TI Growth and toxin production in the ciguatera-causing dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae) in culture SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Ciguatera; Gambierdiscus polynesiensis; Cultures; Growth; Toxin production; Receptor-binding assay; Mouse bioassay; Ciguatoxins ID LIGHT-INTENSITY; MARINE TOXINS; TOXICITY; CIGUATOXIN; TEMPERATURE; SEASONALITY; CHEMISTRY; SALINITY; SITES; NOV. AB The growth and toxin production in a clonal strain of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis, TB-92, was examined in batch culture conditions. The mean growth rate at exponential phase was (0.13 +/- 0.03) division day(-1). Regardless of the age of cultures, all mice injected with dichloromethanolic and methanolic extracts showed symptoms specific to ciguatoxin (CTX) and maitotoxin (MTX) bioactivity, respectively. The highest total toxicity assessed in TB-92 cultures was 10.4 x 10(-4) mouse unit cell(-1). The toxin production pattern reveals an enhanced cellular toxin content with the age of the culture. CTX- and MTX-like compounds each accounted for approx. 50% of the total toxicity of TB-92 cultures, except in aged cells where CTXs were dominant. The high ciguatoxic activity of TB-92 was further confirmed in dichloromethanolic extracts by means of the receptor-binding assay. The highest CTX level monitored at late stationary phase was (11.9 +/- 0.4) pg P-CTX-3C equiv cell(-1). Further HPLC and LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of five CTXs congeners in lipid-soluble extracts, i.e. CTX-3C, -3B, -4A, -4B and M-seco-CTX-3C, and of new CTX congeners. Toxin composition comparison between two G. polynesiensis strains suggests that the toxin profile is a stable characteristic in this species. G. polynesiensis clones also proved inherently more toxic than other Gambierdiscus species isolated from other geographical areas. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chinain, Mireille; Darius, H. Taiana; Ung, Andre; Cruchet, Philippe] Inst Louis Malarde, Lab Microalgues Tox, Papeete 98713, Fr Polynesia. [Wang, Zhihong] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Ponton, Dominique] IRD, UR 128, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Pauillac, Serge] Inst Pasteur Nouvelle Caledonie, Lab Biotoxines, Noumea 98845, New Caledonia. [Laurent, Dominique] Univ Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152, Lab Pharmacochim Subst Nat & Pharmacophores Redox, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France. [Ponton, Dominique] IRD, UMR 152, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. RP Chinain, M (reprint author), Inst Louis Malarde, Lab Microalgues Tox, BP 30, Papeete 98713, Fr Polynesia. EM mchinain@ilm.pf RI Ponton, Dominique/B-4828-2009; OI Ponton, Dominique/0000-0003-2313-2543; DARIUS, Helene Taiana/0000-0002-1184-7034 FU Country of French Polynesia FX The authors wish to thank Taina Revel and Mote Tchou Fouc for their skillful technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Country of French Polynesia. NR 50 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD OCT PY 2010 VL 56 IS 5 SI SI BP 739 EP 750 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.06.013 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 645XN UT WOS:000281499600010 PM 19540257 ER PT J AU Rhodes, LL Smith, KF Munday, R Selwood, AI McNabb, PS Holland, PT Bottein, MY AF Rhodes, Lesley L. Smith, Kirsty F. Munday, Rex Selwood, Andy I. McNabb, Paul S. Holland, Patrick T. Bottein, Marie-Yasmine TI Toxic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) from Rarotonga, Cook Islands SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Gambierdiscus; Amphidinium; Coolia; Ostreopsis; Rarotonga; Cook Islands ID GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS; OSTREOPSIS-SIAMENSIS; NEW-ZEALAND; SP-NOV; MORPHOLOGY; CIGUATOXINS; MAITOTOXIN; CIGUATERA; PALYTOXIN; ASSAY AB Dinoflagellate species isolated from the green calcareous seaweed, Halimeda sp. J.V. Lamouroux, growing in Rarotongan lagoons, included Gambierdiscus australes Faust & Chinain, Coolia monotis Meunier, Amphidinium carterae Hulburth, Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge, P. cf. maculosum Faust and species in the genus Ostreopsis Schmidt. Isolates were identified to species level by scanning electron microscopy and/or DNA sequence analysis. Culture extracts of G. australes isolate CAWD149 gave a response of 0.04 pg P-CTX-1 equiv. per cell by an N2A cytotoxicity assay (equivalent to ca 0.4 pg CTX-3C cell(-1)). However, ciguatoxins were not detected by LC-MS/MS. Partitioned fractions of the cell extracts potentially containing maitotoxin were found to be very toxic to mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. A. carterae was also of interest as extracts of mass cultures caused respiratory paralysis in mice at high doses, both by i.p. injection and by oral administration. The Rarotongan isolate fell into a different clade to New Zealand A. carterae isolates, based on DNA sequence analysis, and also had a different toxin profile. As A. carterae co-occurred with G. australes, it may contribute to human poisonings attributed to CTX and warrants further investigation. A crude extract of C. monotis was of low toxicity to mice by i.p. injection, and an extract of Ostreopsis sp. was negative in the palytoxin haemolysis neutralisation assay. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rhodes, Lesley L.; Smith, Kirsty F.; Selwood, Andy I.; McNabb, Paul S.; Holland, Patrick T.] Cawthron Inst, Nelson 7010, New Zealand. [Munday, Rex] AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Bottein, Marie-Yasmine] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Rhodes, LL (reprint author), Cawthron Inst, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7010, New Zealand. EM lesley.rhodes@cawthron.org.nz FU Ministry of Marine Resources, Cook Islands; NZ AID - CIMRIS; NZ Foundation for RST [CAW0703] FX We are very grateful to Dr Mireille Chinain, Institute Louis Malarde, Papeete, Tahiti, for providing samples of ciguatoxins from G. polynesiensis. Thanks for support from Ian Bertram (Ministry of Marine Resources, Cook Islands) and Jo Ackroyd (NZ AID - CIMRIS). Also to Richard Story and Kori Raumea (Cook Islands) for sample collection and to Pat Tester (NOAA, Beaufort NC), John Ramsdall (NOAA, Charleston, SC) for advice, Lyn Briggs (AgR, NZ) for HNA assays. Thanks to D. Hopcroft (Massey University, Palmerston North) for SEMs, and J. Adamson, K. Ponikla, T. Dodgshun and R. van Ginkel (Cawthron Institute) for technical help. The work was largely funded by the NZ Foundation for RS&T, contract CAW0703. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD OCT PY 2010 VL 56 IS 5 SI SI BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.017 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 645XN UT WOS:000281499600011 PM 19481563 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Ginn, T AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Ginn, Thomas TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tissue residues; toxicity; field surveys; sediment quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano particles; POPs; PCBs.; PAHs; pharmaceuticals; personal care products; trace metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine coatings; biocides; ballast water treatment; oil spills; sewage; diseases; abnormalities ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PRESTIGE OIL-SPILL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEDIMENT-QUALITY ASSESSMENT; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; HALIOTIS-DIVERSICOLOR-SUPERTEXTA; PENGUINS SPHENISCUS-DEMERSUS; PUFFIN FRATERCULA-CIRRHATA; EIDER SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; MUSSEL DIGESTIVE CELLS AB This review covers selected 2009 peer-reviewed journal articles on the biological, chemical and physical effects of natural and anthropogenic pollutants on marine and estuarine plants and animals. This review covers field and laboratory measurement activities ( concentrations of contaminants, field surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers). Papers focus further on pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphsis was placed on oil spills due to the major ongoing Deepwater Horizon blowout in the Gulf of Mexico. Several toical areas reviewed in the past were dropped this year due to circumstances beyond our control (including work on the Deepwater Horizon incident). There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g. some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). As always, readers should only use this as a guide and must consult the original papers before citing them, including double-checking units. C1 [Mearns, Alan J.] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 229 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 54 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2001 EP 2046 DI 10.2175/106143010X12756668802175 PG 46 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 675OI UT WOS:000283839600039 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, MR Barnston, AG Guard, C Duncan, S Schroeder, TA Chu, PS AF Chowdhury, Md. Rashed Barnston, Anthony G. Guard, Charles 'Chip' Duncan, Sarah Schroeder, Thomas A. Chu, P-S. TI Sea-level variability and change in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands: understanding the high sea levels during 2006-2008 SO WEATHER LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ENSO; RISE; PRECIPITATION; FORECASTS; ANOMALIES; SST C1 [Chowdhury, Md. Rashed] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific ENSO Applicat Climate Ctr PEAC, JIMAR, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Barnston, Anthony G.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Duncan, Sarah] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Chowdhury, MR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific ENSO Applicat Climate Ctr PEAC, JIMAR, 2525 Correa Rd,HIG 350, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rashed@hawaii.edu FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) [NA17RJ1230]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1230] FX This project was funded by cooperative agreement NA17RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1656 J9 WEATHER JI Weather PD OCT PY 2010 VL 65 IS 10 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1002/wea.468 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 676DA UT WOS:000283889100007 ER PT J AU Lin, N Smith, JA Villarini, G Marchok, TP Baeck, ML AF Lin, Ning Smith, James A. Villarini, Gabriele Marchok, Timothy P. Baeck, Mary Lynn TI Modeling Extreme Rainfall, Winds, and Surge from Hurricane Isabel (2003) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; TROPICAL STORMS; RADAR; INTENSITY; FORECASTS; SYSTEM; GFDL; REFLECTIVITY; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION AB Landfalling tropical cyclones present major hazards for the eastern United States. Hurricane Isabel (September 2003) produced more than $3.3 billion in damages from wind, inland riverine flooding, and storm surge flooding, and resulted in 17 fatalities. Case study analyses of Hurricane Isabel are carried out to investigate multiple hazards from landfalling tropical cyclones. The analyses focus on storm evolution following landfall and center on simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). WRF simulations are coupled with the 2D, depth-averaged hydrodynamic Advanced Circulation Model (ADCIRC), to examine storm surge in the Chesapeake Bay. Analyses of heavy rainfall and flooding include an examination of the structure and evolution of extreme rainfall over land. Intercomparisons of simulated rainfall from WRF with Hydro-NEXRAD rainfall fields and observations from rain gauge networks are presented. A particular focus of these analyses is the evolving distribution of rainfall, relative to the center of circulation, as the storm moves over land. Similar analyses are carried out for the wind field of Hurricane Isabel as it moves over the mid-Atlantic region. Outer rainbands, which are not well captured in WRF simulations, played a major role in urban flooding and wind damage, especially for the Baltimore metropolitan region. Wind maxima in outer rainbands may also have played a role in storm surge flooding in the upper Chesapeake Bay. C1 [Lin, Ning; Smith, James A.; Villarini, Gabriele; Baeck, Mary Lynn] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Marchok, Timothy P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jsmith@princeton.edu RI Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Network; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0653772, ITR-0427325]; NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Science; American Institute of Architects FX This research was funded by the Willis Research Network, the National Science Foundation (NSF Grants CMMI-0653772 and ITR-0427325), the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, and the American Institute of Architects (through a Latrobe grant). We thank Professor Jian Shen of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science for providing us with the Chesapeake Bay mesh and valuable advice on storm surge simulation. We also thank Professor Kurt Gurley of University of Florida for providing us with high-resolution wind time series obtained by the Florida Coastal Monitoring Program. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1342 EP 1361 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222349.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300002 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Brown, DP Courtney, J Gallina, GM Beven, JL AF Knaff, John A. Brown, Daniel P. Courtney, Joe Gallina, Gregory M. Beven, John L., II TI An Evaluation of Dvorak Technique-Based Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimates SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WIND-PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP; SATELLITE IMAGERY; OBJECTIVE SCHEME; REEXAMINATION; HURRICANES; PARAMETERS; AIRCRAFT AB The satellite-based Dvorak technique (DVKT) is the most widely available and readily used tool for operationally estimating the maximum wind speeds associated with tropical cyclones. The DVKT itself produces internally consistent results, is reproducible, and has shown practical accuracy given the high cost of in situ or airborne observations. For these reasons, the DVKT has been used in a reasonably uniform manner globally for approximately 20 years. Despite the nearly universal use of this technique, relatively few systematic verifications of the DVKT have been conducted. This study, which makes use of 20 yr of subjectively determined DVKT-based intensity estimates and best-track intensity estimates influenced by aircraft observations (i.e., +/- 2 h) in the Atlantic basin, seeks to 1) identify the factors (intensity, intensity trends, radius of outer closed isobar, storm speed, and latitude) that bias the DVKT-based intensity estimates, 2) quantify those biases as well as the general error characteristics associated with this technique, and 3) provide guidance for better use of the operational DVKT intensity estimates. Results show that the biases associated with the DVKT-based intensity estimates are a function of intensity (i.e., maximum sustained wind speed), 12-h intensity trend, latitude, and translation speed and size measured by the radius of the outer closed isobar. Root-mean-square errors (RMSE), however, are shown to be primarily a function of intensity, with the best signal-to-noise (intensity to RMSE) ratio occurring in an intensity range of 90-125 kl (46-64 m s(-1)). The knowledge of how these factors affect intensity estimates, which is quantified in this paper, can be used to better calibrate Dvorak intensity estimates for tropical cyclone forecast operations, postseason best-track analysis, and climatological reanalysis efforts. As a demonstration of this capability, the bias corrections developed in the Atlantic basin are also tested using a limited east Pacific basin sample, showing that biases and errors can be significantly reduced. C1 [Knaff, John A.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, RAMMB,CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brown, Daniel P.; Beven, John L., II] NOAA, NWS, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Courtney, Joe] Bur Meteorol, Perth, WA, Australia. [Gallina, Gregory M.] NOAA, NESDIS, Satellite Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, RAMMB,CIRA, Foothills Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU NOAA [NA17RJ1228] FX The authors thank Caroline Woods, Mark Welshinger and Ken Barnett for helping locate some of the historical literature; Ray Zehr, Chris Landsea, Hugh Cobb, and Mark DeMaria for improving this paper through an internal review process; and Chris Velden and Andrew Burton who provided peer reviews. We also acknowledge the countless individuals who left us wonderful historical databases from which this study was constructed. This research was supported by a NOAA grant (NA17RJ1228). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1362 EP 1379 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222375.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300003 ER PT J AU Rappaport, EN Franklin, JL Schumacher, AB DeMaria, M Shay, LK Gibney, EJ AF Rappaport, Edward N. Franklin, James L. Schumacher, Andrea B. DeMaria, Mark Shay, Lynn K. Gibney, Ethan J. TI Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change before U.S. Gulf Coast Landfall SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTENSIFICATION; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; PERSISTENCE; MODELS AB Tropical cyclone intensity change remains a forecasting challenge with important implications for such vulnerable areas as the U.S. coast along the Gulf of Mexico. Analysis of 1979-2008 Gulf tropical cyclones during their final two days before U.S. landfall identifies patterns of behavior that are of interest to operational forecasters and researchers. Tropical storms and depressions strengthened on average by about 7 kt for every 12 h over the Gulf, except for little change during their final 12 h before landfall. Hurricanes underwent a different systematic evolution. In the net, category 1-2 hurricanes strengthened, while category 3-5 hurricanes weakened such that tropical cyclones approach the threshold of major hurricane status by U. S. landfall. This behavior can be partially explained by consideration of the maximum potential intensity modified by the environmental vertical wind shear and hurricane-induced sea surface temperature reduction near the storm center associated with relatively low oceanic heat content levels. Linear least squares regression equations based on initial intensity and time to landfall explain at least half the variance of the hurricane intensity change. Applied retrospectively, these simple equations yield relatively small forecast errors and biases for hurricanes. Characteristics of most of the significant outliers are explained and found to be identifiable a priori for hurricanes, suggesting that forecasters can adjust their forecast procedures accordingly. C1 [Rappaport, Edward N.; Franklin, James L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33029 USA. [Schumacher, Andrea B.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [DeMaria, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Shay, Lynn K.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL USA. [Gibney, Ethan J.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Rappaport, EN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33029 USA. EM edward.n.rappaport@noaa.gov RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 FU NSF [ATM-04-44525]; NOAA [NA17RJ1226]; NASA [NNX09AC47G] FX LKS acknowledges support through grants from the NSF (ATM-04-44525), the NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed Program(NA17RJ1226), and NASA's Hurricane Science Program (NNX09AC47G). NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1380 EP 1396 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222369.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300004 ER PT J AU Snyder, AD Pu, ZX Zhu, YJ AF Snyder, Andrew D. Pu, Zhaoxia Zhu, Yuejian TI Tracking and Verification of East Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Genesis in the NCEP Global Ensemble: Case Studies during the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; WAVE DISTURBANCES; PHASE-III; FORECASTS; MODELS; SYSTEM; ECMWF; BASIN; PERTURBATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB This study evaluates the performance of the NCEP global ensemble forecast system in predicting the genesis and evolution of five named tropical cyclones and two unnamed nondeveloping tropical systems during the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) between August and September 2006. The overall probabilities of the ensemble forecasts of tropical cyclone genesis are verified relative to a genesis time defined to be the first designation of the tropical depression from the National Hurricane Center (NHC). Additional comparisons are also made with high-resolution deterministic forecasts from the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS). It is found that the ensemble forecasts have high probabilities of genesis for the three strong storms that formed from African easterly waves, but failed to accurately predict the pregenesis phase of two weaker storms that formed farther west in the Atlantic Ocean. The overall accuracy for the genesis forecasts is above 50% for the ensemble forecasts initialized in the pregenesis phase. The forecast uncertainty decreases with the reduction of the forecast lead time. The probability of tropical cyclone genesis reaches nearly 90% and 100% for the ensemble forecasts initialized near and in the postgenesis phase, respectively. Significant improvements in the track forecasts are found in the ensemble forecasts initialized in the postgenesis phase, possibly because of the implementation of the NCEP storm relocation scheme, which provides an accurate initial storm position for all ensemble members. Even with coarser resolution (T126L28 for the ensemble versus T384L64 for the GFS), the overall performance of the ensemble in predicting tropical cyclone genesis is compatible with the high-resolution deterministic GFS. In addition, false alarm rates for nondeveloping waves were low in both the GFS and ensemble forecasts. C1 [Snyder, Andrew D.; Pu, Zhaoxia] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Zhu, Yuejian] NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Pu, ZX (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Rm 819,135 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM zhaoxia.pu@utah.edu FU ONR [N000140810308] FX This study is supported by ONR Grant N000140810308 through financial support to the first two authors. The authors would like to thank Dr. Richard Wobus for his help in transferring the NCEP ensemble data to the University of Utah for this study. Some useful discussions with Dr. Carolyn Reynolds at Naval Research Laboratory and Dr. W. James Steenburgh at the University of Utah are also appreciated. The review comments from two anonymous reviewers, Dr. Joshua Hacker, and Prof. Da-Lin Zhang were very helpful in improving the manuscript. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1411 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222332.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300005 ER PT J AU Schumacher, RS Lindsey, DT Schumacher, AB Braun, J Miller, SD Demuth, JL AF Schumacher, Russ S. Lindsey, Daniel T. Schumacher, Andrea B. Braun, Jeff Miller, Steven D. Demuth, Julie L. TI Multidisciplinary Analysis of an Unusual Tornado: Meteorology, Climatology, and the Communication and Interpretation of Warnings SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WEATHER AB On 22 May 2008, a strong tornado-rated EF3 on the enhanced Fujita scale, with winds estimated between 136 and 165 mi h(-1) (61 and 74 m s(-1))-caused extensive damage along a 55-km track through northern Colorado. The worst devastation occurred in and around the town of Windsor, and in total there was one fatality, numerous injuries, and hundreds of homes significantly damaged or destroyed. Several characteristics of this tornado were unusual for the region from a climatological perspective, including its intensity, its long track, its direction of motion, and the time of day when it formed. These unusual aspects and the high impact of this tornado also raised a number of questions about the communication and interpretation of information from National Weather Service watches and warnings by decision makers and the public. First, the study examines the meteorological circumstances responsible for producing such an outlier to the regional severe weather climatology. An analysis of the synoptic and mesoscale environmental conditions that were favorable for significant tornadoes on 22 May 2008 is presented. Then, a climatology of significant tornadoes (defined as those rated F2 or higher on the Fujita scale, or EF2 or higher on the Enhanced Fujita scale) near the Front Range is shown to put the 22 May 2008 event into climatological context. This study also examines the communication and interpretation of severe weather information in an area that experiences tornadoes regularly but is relatively unaccustomed to significant tornadoes. By conducting interviews with local decision makers, the authors have compiled and chronicled the flow of information as the event unfolded. The results of these interviews demonstrate that the initial sources of warning information varied widely. Decision makers' interpretations of the warnings also varied, which led to different perceptions on the timeliness and clarity of the warning information. The decision makers' previous knowledge of the typical local characteristics of tornadoes also affected their interpretations of the tornado threat. The interview results highlight the complex series of processes by which severe weather information is communicated after a warning is issued by the National Weather Service. The results of this study support the growing recognition that societal factors are just as important to the effectiveness of weather warnings as the timeliness of and information provided in those warnings, and that these factors should be considered in future research in addition to the investments and attention given to improving detection and warning capabilities. C1 [Schumacher, Russ S.; Demuth, Julie L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Schumacher, Andrea B.; Braun, Jeff; Miller, Steven D.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schumacher, RS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM russ.schumacher@tamu.edu RI lyp, maggie/G-1471-2011; Schumacher, Russ/A-9979-2009; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Schumacher, Russ/0000-0002-4404-3104; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1412 EP 1429 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222396.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300006 ER PT J AU Dial, GL Racy, JP Thompson, RL AF Dial, Greg L. Racy, Jonathan P. Thompson, Richard L. TI Short-Term Convective Mode Evolution along Synoptic Boundaries SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SQUALL LINES; BOW ECHOES; PART I; LEADING PRECIPITATION; PROXIMITY SOUNDINGS; MESOSCALE LINES; SUPERCELL; ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; INITIATION AB This paper investigates the relationships between short-term convective mode evolution, the orientations of vertical shear and mean wind vectors with respect to the initiating synoptic boundary, the motion of the boundary, and the role of forcing for ascent. The dominant mode of storms (linear, mixed mode, and discrete) was noted 3 h after convective initiation along cold fronts, drylines, or prefrontal troughs. Various shear and mean wind vector orientations relative to the boundary were calculated near the time of initiation. Results indicate a statistical correlation between storm mode at 3 h, the normal components of cloud-layer and deep-layer shear vectors, the boundary-relative mean cloud-layer wind vector, and the type of initiating boundary. Thunderstorms, most of which were initially discrete, tended to evolve more quickly into lines or mixed modes when the normal components of the shear vectors and boundary-relative mean cloud-layer wind vectors were small. There was a tendency for storms to remain discrete for larger normal shear and mean wind components. Smaller normal components of mean cloud-layer wind were associated with a greater likelihood that storms would remain within the zone of linear forcing along the boundary for longer time periods, thereby increasing the potential for upscale linear growth. The residence time of storms along the boundary is also dependent on the speed of the boundary. It was found that the boundary-relative normal component of the mean cloud-layer wind better discriminates between mode types than does simply the ground-relative normal component. The influence of mesoscale forcing for ascent and type of boundary on mode evolution was also investigated. As expected, it was found that the magnitude and nature of the forcing play a role in how storms evolve. For instance, strong linear low-level convergence often contributes to rapid upscale linear growth, especially if the boundary motion relative to the mean cloud-layer wind prevents storms from moving away from the boundary shortly after initiation. In summary, results from this study indicate that, for storms initiated along a synoptic boundary, convective mode evolution is modulated primarily by the residence time of storms within the zone of linear forcing, the nature and magnitude of linear forcing, and secondarily by the normal component of the cloud-layer shear. C1 [Dial, Greg L.; Racy, Jonathan P.; Thompson, Richard L.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Dial, GL (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM greg.dial@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1430 EP 1446 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222315.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300007 ER PT J AU Wallmann, J Milne, R Smallcomb, C Mehle, M AF Wallmann, James Milne, Rhett Smallcomb, Christopher Mehle, Matthew TI Using the 21 June 2008 California Lightning Outbreak to Improve Dry Lightning Forecast Procedures SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB An anomalous lightning event occurred on 20-21 June 2008 in central and northern California. Most of the thunderstorms produced frequent lightning with little precipitation, resulting in over 1500 new fires. Many of these fires became large, and massive firefighting efforts continued through August in order to contain all the fires. This event was not well forecast, with only isolated lightning strikes expected. Several computer model forecast parameters pointed toward the impending lightning outbreak, including satellite and lightning observations, as well as model data from 19 June. An existing procedure to forecast dry thunderstorms showed the strong possibility of a thunderstorm outbreak over California. This procedure proved to be helpful, but has been modified to better handle moisture advection and low-level forcing, which provides a more comprehensive framework for forecasting potential dry thunderstorm outbreaks. C1 [Wallmann, James; Milne, Rhett; Smallcomb, Christopher] Natl Weather Serv, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Mehle, Matthew] Natl Weather Serv, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wallmann, J (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 2350 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM james.wallmann@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1447 EP 1462 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222393.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300008 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Gallus, WA Weisman, ML AF Clark, Adam J. Gallus, William A., Jr. Weisman, Morris L. TI Neighborhood-Based Verification of Precipitation Forecasts from Convection-Allowing NCAR WRF Model Simulations and the Operational NAM SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WARM-SEASON; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; POSITIVE-DEFINITE; PART I; MESOSCALE; SENSITIVITY AB Since 2003 the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has been running various experimental convection-allowing configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) for domains covering a large portion of the central United States during the warm season (April-July). In this study, the skill of 3-hourly accumulated precipitation forecasts from a large sample of these convection-allowing simulations conducted during 2004-05 and 2007-08 is compared to that from operational North American Mesoscale (NAM) model forecasts using a neighborhood-based equitable threat score (ETS). Separate analyses were conducted for simulations run before and after the implementation in 2007 of positive-definite (PD) moisture transport for the NCAR-WRF simulations. The neighborhood-based ETS (denoted < ETS >(r)) relaxes the criteria for "hits" (i.e., correct forecasts) by considering grid points within a specified radius r. It is shown that < ETS >(r) is more useful than the traditional ETS because < ETS >(r) can be used to diagnose differences in precipitation forecast skill between different models as a function of spatial scale, whereas the traditional ETS only considers the spatial scale of the verification grid. It was found that differences in < ETS >(r) between NCAR-WRF and NAM generally increased with increasing r, with NCAR-WRF having higher scores. Examining time series of < ETS >(r) for r - 100 and r - 0 km (which simply reduces to the "traditional" ETS), statistically significant differences between NCAR-WRF and NAM were found at many forecast lead times for < ETS >(100) but only a few times for < ETS >(0). Larger and more statistically significant differences occurred with the 2007-08 cases relative to the 2004-05 cases. Because of differences in model configurations and dominant large-scale weather regimes, a more controlled experiment would have been needed to diagnose the reason for the larger differences that occurred with the 2007-08 cases. Finally, a compositing technique was used to diagnose the differences in the spatial distribution of the forecasts. This technique implied westward displacement errors for NAM model forecasts in both sets of cases and in NCAR-WRF model forecasts for the 2007-08 cases. Generally, the results are encouraging because they imply that advantages in convection-allowing relative to convection-parameterizing simulations noted in recent studies are reflected in an objective neighborhood-based metric. C1 [Clark, Adam J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Gallus, William A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Weisman, Morris L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.clark@noaa.gov FU National Research Council; NSF [ATM-0848200] FX The authors thank Wei Wang of NCAR for producing the NCAR-WRF forecasts. In addition, three anonymous reviewers provided many helpful comments that helped improve the manuscript. The majority of this project was supported through a National Research Council postdoctoral award for the first author under the guidance of David Stensrud. In addition, a portion of this work was supported by NSF Grant ATM-0848200. NR 64 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1495 EP 1509 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222404.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300011 ER PT J AU Kain, JS Xue, M Coniglio, MC Weiss, SJ Kong, FY Jensen, TL Brown, BG Gao, JD Brewster, K Thomas, KW Wang, YH Schwartz, CS Levit, JJ AF Kain, John S. Xue, Ming Coniglio, Michael C. Weiss, Steven J. Kong, Fanyou Jensen, Tara L. Brown, Barbara G. Gao, Jidong Brewster, Keith Thomas, Kevin W. Wang, Yunheng Schwartz, Craig S. Levit, Jason J. TI Assessing Advances in the Assimilation of Radar Data and Other Mesoscale Observations within a Collaborative Forecasting-Research Environment SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; LEVEL-II DATA; CLOUD ANALYSIS; PART II; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; FORT-WORTH; MODEL; IMPACT; PREDICTION AB The impacts of assimilating radar data and other mesoscale observations in real-time, convection-allowing model forecasts were evaluated during the spring seasons of 2008 and 2009 as part of the Hazardous Weather Test Bed Spring Experiment activities. In tests of a prototype continental U. S.-scale forecast system, focusing primarily on regions with active deep convection at the initial time, assimilation of these observations had a positive impact. Daily interrogation of output by teams of modelers, forecasters, and verification experts provided additional insights into the value-added characteristics of the unique assimilation forecasts. This evaluation revealed that the positive effects of the assimilation were greatest during the first 3-6 h of each forecast, appeared to be most pronounced with larger convective systems, and may have been related to a phase lag that sometimes developed when the convective-scale information was not assimilated. These preliminary results are currently being evaluated further using advanced objective verification techniques. C1 [Kain, John S.; Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou; Gao, Jidong; Brewster, Keith; Thomas, Kevin W.; Wang, Yunheng] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Weiss, Steven J.; Levit, Jason J.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Jensen, Tara L.; Brown, Barbara G.; Schwartz, Craig S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Kain, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jack.kain@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NOAA/CSTAR; National Science Foundation [ATM-0331594, ATM-0802888]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Force Weather Agency; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX Dedicated work by many individuals led to the success of SE2008 and SE2009. At the SPC, HWT operations were made possible by technical support from Jay Liang, Gregg Grosshans, David Bright, Greg Carbin, and Joe Byerly. At the NSSL, Brett Morrow, Brad Sagowitz, Steve Fletcher, and Jeff Horn also provided valuable technical support. The CAPS forecasts were partially supported by the NOAA/CSTAR program and were performed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center supported by the National Science Foundation. Supplementary support was provided by NSF ITR project LEAD, led by Kelvin Droegemeier (ATM-0331594), and by NSF Grant ATM-0802888. David O'Neal of PSC is thanked for his computing system support. The Developmental Testbed Center is funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Force Weather Agency, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. John Halley-Gotway and Steve Sullivan of the DTC helped with data retrieval and development of Web pages for critical displays. David Ahijevych, Tressa Fowler, and Jamie Wolff, also from the DTC, led discussions related to forecast verification during SE2009 daily activities. Ryan Sobash of NSSL and OU developed critical Web displays used at HWT for SE2009. Constructive reviews of this manuscript were provided by Dave Stensrud of NSSL, Matt Bunkers of the National Weather Service, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1510 EP 1521 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222405.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300012 ER PT J AU Kain, JS Dembek, SR Weiss, SJ Case, JL Levit, JJ Sobash, RA AF Kain, John S. Dembek, Scott R. Weiss, Steven J. Case, Jonathan L. Levit, Jason J. Sobash, Ryan A. TI Extracting Unique Information from High-Resolution Forecast Models: Monitoring Selected Fields and Phenomena Every Time Step SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION AB A new strategy for generating and presenting model diagnostic fields from convection-allowing forecast models is introduced. The fields are produced by computing temporal-maximum values for selected diagnostics at each horizontal grid point between scheduled output times. The two-dimensional arrays containing these maximum values are saved at the scheduled output times. The additional fields have minimal impacts on the size of the output files and the computation of most diagnostic quantities can be done very efficiently during integration of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. Results show that these unique output fields facilitate the examination of features associated with convective storms, which can change dramatically within typical output intervals of 1-3 h. C1 [Dembek, Scott R.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Dembek, Scott R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Dembek, Scott R.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Short Term Predict Res & Transit Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Weiss, Steven J.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Case, Jonathan L.] ENSCO Inc, SPoRT Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Levit, Jason J.] NOAA, NWS, Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. [Sobash, Ryan A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Kain, JS (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jack.kain@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX We thank Jimy Dudhia of NCAR for his help in modifying WRF model code to extract the HMFs. We are grateful to Phillip Bothwell and Chris Melick of the SPC for retrieving radar data for selected events. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and Mike Coniglio of NSSL for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Partial funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 12 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1536 EP 1542 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222430.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300014 ER PT J AU Chao, YY Tolman, HL AF Chao, Yung Y. Tolman, Hendrik L. TI Performance of NCEP Regional Wave Models in Predicting Peak Sea States during the 2005 North Atlantic Hurricane Season SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; SYSTEM AB Unprecedented numbers of tropical cyclones occurred in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in 2005. This provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of two operational regional wave forecasting models at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). This study validates model predictions of the tropical cyclone-generated maximum significant wave height, simultaneous spectral peak wave period, and the time of occurrence against available buoy measurements from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). The models used are third-generation operational wave models: the Western North Atlantic wave model (WNA) and the North Atlantic Hurricane wave model (NAH). These two models have identical model physics, spatial resolutions, and domains, with the latter model using specialized hurricane wind forcing. Both models provided consistent estimates of the maximum wave height and period, with random errors of typically less than 25%, and timing errors of typically less than 5 h. Compared to these random errors, systematic model biases are negligible, with a typical negative model bias of 5%. It appears that higher wave model resolutions are needed to fully utilize the specialized hurricane wind forcing, and it is shown that present routine wave observations are inadequate to accurately validate hurricane wave models. C1 [Chao, Yung Y.; Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, MMAB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Chao, YY (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, MMAB, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM yung.chao@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1543 EP 1567 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222309.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300015 ER PT J AU Collins, WG Paxton, CH Golden, JH AF Collins, Waylon G. Paxton, Charles H. Golden, Joseph H. TI The 12 July 1995 Pinellas County, Florida, tornado/waterspout (vol 15, pg 122, 2000) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Correction C1 [Collins, Waylon G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Paxton, Charles H.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Tampa, FL USA. [Golden, Joseph H.] NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Collins, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Corpus Christi, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1574 EP 1574 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222436.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666XP UT WOS:000283156300017 ER PT J AU Andriolo, A da Rocha, JM Zerbini, AN Simoes-Lopes, PC Moreno, IB Lucena, A Danilewicz, D Bassoi, M AF Andriolo, Artur da Rocha, Jesuina M. Zerbini, Alexandre N. Simoes-Lopes, Paulo C. Moreno, Ignacio B. Lucena, Alineide Danilewicz, Daniel Bassoi, Manuela TI Distribution and relative abundance of large whales in a former whaling ground off eastern South America SO ZOOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bryde's whale; minke whale; sei whale; sperm whale; South Atlantic ID HUMPBACK WHALES; OCEAN AB Ship-based sighting surveys for cetaceans were conducted in the former whaling ground off the northeastern coast of Brazil. The cruises took place in winter and spring of 1998-2001 with the objectives of investigating current distribution and abundance of cetaceans, particularly large whale species taken during whaling. In 1998 the survey were conducted between the parallels 5 degrees 30'W and 9 degrees S and the 200 m isobath and the meridian 033 degrees W. A total of about 3,100 nm were surveyed between 1998 and 2001 Surveys were conducted using line transect methods from about 5-10 degrees S, and from the coast to 33 degrees W. A total of 151 sightings (203 individuals) of large whales were recorded on effort. The Antarctic minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis (Burmeister, 1867) was the most frequently sighted species (97 groups/132 individuals; Sighting Rate [SR] = 0.031 groups/nm), being recorded only in offshore waters. Density gradually increased from August to October. Minke whales were distributed throughout the area, both to the north and the south of former whaling ground. Sighting data indicate this is the most abundant species, particularly in the area beyond the continental shelf break. Breeding behavior was observed for Antarctic minke whales, but few groups containing calves were recorded (4.3% of the groups sighted on effort). Three other large whale species were recorded in low numbers: the Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni (Anderson, 1879)(1), the sei whale, B. borealis (Lesson, 1828), and the sperm, Physeter macrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758). Sei, Bryde and sperm whales were regularly caught during whaling operations, but are rare in the area, suggesting they were depleted by whaling and have yet to recover to their pre-explotation abundance. In contrast, minke whales are abundant in this area, suggesting that either they were not substantially depleted, or that they have recovered rapidly. Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeus, 1758), and fin whale, B. physalus (Linnaeus, 1758), not recorded on our surveys, have always been extremely rare in the area. C1 [Andriolo, Artur] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, BR-36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [da Rocha, Jesuina M.] Inst Aqualie, Jacarepagua, RJ, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Simoes-Lopes, Paulo C.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Biol & Zool, LAMAQ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Moreno, Ignacio B.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Zool, Lab Sistemat & Ecol Aves & Mamiferos, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Lucena, Alineide] Inst Brasileiro Meio Ambiente & Recursos Nat Reno, BR-11920000 Iguape, SP, Brazil. [Danilewicz, Daniel] Grp Estudos Mamiferos Aquat Rio Grande Sul, BR-90440150 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Bassoi, Manuela] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Zool, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Andriolo, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Campus Univ, BR-36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. EM artur.andriolo@ufjf.edu.br RI Moreno, Ignacio/I-3235-2012; Andriolo, Artur/K-5624-2013; Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012; Danilewicz, Daniel /O-5024-2014; Simoes-Lopes, P. C./I-9501-2012 OI Moreno, Ignacio/0000-0001-9854-6033; Andriolo, Artur/0000-0002-5582-0183; Simoes-Lopes, P. C./0000-0002-7338-3669 FU IBAMA; Ministry of the Environment; Brazilian Navy; National Marine Mammal Laboratory; Cetacean Society International; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [200285/98-0, 302749/2002-0]; CNPq [140660/2004-6] FX The authors are greatly indebted to the IBAMA's Directors for Ecosystems, Ricardo Soavinski and Luis M. Haddad, to the Chief of the IBAMA's Wildlife Division, Maria I. Bampi, to Fernando Dal'ava, and to the Secretaries of CIRM, Rear-Admirals A.C. da Camara Brandao and L.A. Monclaro de Malafaia. Without their effort, encouragement, and support, this cruise would never be conducted. We would also like to thank Commanders Fernando B. de Oliveira (SECIRM), Altineu P. Miguens (Programa REVIZEE, Ministry of the Environment) and J.C. Feijo (EMA) for their interest and help during the preparation of this cruise. The III Naval District in Natal, the Northeastern Naval Company and the Navy's Directory for Hydrography and Navigation (DHN) provided logistical support. The hospitality and interest of the three ships' (Rbam Alte. Guilhem's, NE Alte. Graca Aranha's and NH 'Sirius') crew, in particular Captains Jose R. de Oliveira (CC), Wesley Cavalheiro (CF), Olavo Barroca Jr (CF); Executive Officer Luiz Torres (CC) and Jose Antonio Mesquita (CC), were greatly appreciated. We also welcome the support from the CIRM's staff and from the IBAMA's staff at Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Sao Paulo. Financial support has been provided by IBAMA, Ministry of the Environment,the Brazilian Navy, the National Marine Mammal Laboratory and Cetacean Society International. A. Zerbini (processo 200285/98-0) and P.C. Simoes-Lopes (302749/2002-0) have been supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico. I. Moreno received a scholarship from CNPq (grant #140660/2004-6). We are greatly indebted to the reviewers, they really worked on the manuscript improving its quality. We also thank Salvatore Siciliano, Janice Waite, and Glenn R. VanBlaricon for field participation. Artur Andriolo, Jesuina M. da Rocha, Alexandre N. Zerbini, Paulo C. Simoes-Lopes, and Daniel Danilewicz are members of the Instituto Aqualie, RJ. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 31 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ZOOLOGIA, UNIV FEDERAL PARANA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19020, CURITIBA, PARANA 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 1984-4670 J9 ZOOLOGIA-CURITIBA JI Zoologia PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 5 BP 741 EP 750 DI 10.1590/S1984-46702010000500011 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 699LX UT WOS:000285666000011 ER PT J AU Mah, C Nizinski, M Lundsten, L AF Mah, Christopher Nizinski, Martha Lundsten, Lonny TI Phylogenetic revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): systematics of deep sea corallivores, including one new genus and three new species SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE Arctic; deep-sea coral; deep-sea echinoderm; Evoplosoma; feeding biology; Hippasteria; onshore-offshore; phylogeny; taxonomy ID CORAL LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; ATLANTIC; FAUNA; ECHINODERMATA; CALIFORNIA; STARFISH; GULF; BIOGEOGRAPHY; MEGAFAUNA; HABITAT AB The Hippasterinae is a subfamily within the Goniasteridae, consisting of five genera and 26 species, which occur in cold-water settings ranging from subtidal to abyssal depths. All known genera were included in a cladistic analysis resulting in two most parsimonious trees, supporting the Hippasterinae as monophyletic. Our review supports Sthenaster emmae gen. et sp. nov. as a new genus and species from the tropical Atlantic and two new Evoplosoma species, Evoplosoma claguei sp. nov. and Evoplosoma voratus sp. nov. from seamounts in the North Pacific. Hippasteria caribaea is reassigned to the genus Gilbertaster, which previously contained a single Pacific species. Our analysis supports Evoplosoma as a derived deep water lineage relative to its continental-shelf, shallow water sister taxa. The genus Hippasteria contains approximately 15 widely distributed, but similar-looking species, which occur in the northern and southern hemispheres. Except for Gilbertaster, at least one species in each genus has been observed or is inferred to prey on deep-sea corals, suggesting that this lineage is important to the conservation of deep-sea coral habitats. The Hippasterinae shares several morphological similarities with Circeaster and Calliaster, suggesting that they may be related. c 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 160, 266- 301. doi: 10.1111/ j. 1096-3642.2010.00638.x C1 [Mah, Christopher] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Nizinski, Martha] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lundsten, Lonny] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Video Lab, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Mah, C (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mahch@si.edu FU NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration; NMNH; NSF [0631245] FX The authors of this study are indebted to Cynthia Gust Ahearn (deceased), collection manager for the NMNH Echinodermata Collection, and Cheryl Ames (UNCW, National Systematics Laboratory, NMFS) for curatorial assistance. Steve Cairns, curator of Coelenterates, NMNH identified the gorgonian spicules. Dave Pawson, Paul Greenhall, and Linda Ward (NMNH) provided additional logistical and technical support. Mary Catherine Boyett (MCZ) prepared the loan of type material from MCZ. David Clague and James Barry (MBARI) made recent collections available. Support for sampling off the south-eastern coast of the US was provided by grants from NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration (S.W. Ross, lead Investigator). The science party, the crew of the R/V Seward Johnson, and the pilots of the Johnson Sea Link are greatly acknowledged for assistance with collection of western Atlantic material. We thank the crew of the R/V Western Flyer and the pilots of the ROV Tiburon for their assistance with Pacific collections as well as the David and Lucile Packard Foundation for support of MBARI. Michael Carlson prepared the map for Atlantic collections in Figure 1. We also thank Christopher Kelley, Hawaiian Undersea Research Laboratory, for making in situ observations available to us. Daniel Blake, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Andy Gale, University of Portsmouth, and an anonymous reviewer provided useful comments that improved the manuscript. C. Mah was supported by the United States Antarctic Research Program at the NMNH and NSF OPP Postdoctoral Fellows grant # 0631245. NR 131 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4082 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 160 IS 2 BP 266 EP 301 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00638.x PG 36 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 656HY UT WOS:000282321100003 ER PT J AU Kudela, RM Horner-Devine, AR Banas, NS Hickey, BM Peterson, TD McCabe, RM Lessard, EJ Frame, E Bruland, KW Jay, DA Peterson, JO Peterson, WT Kosro, PM Palacios, SL Lohan, MC Dever, EP AF Kudela, Raphael M. Horner-Devine, Alexander R. Banas, Neil S. Hickey, Barbara M. Peterson, Tawnya D. McCabe, Ryan M. Lessard, Evelyn J. Frame, Elizabeth Bruland, Kenneth W. Jay, David A. Peterson, Jay O. Peterson, William T. Kosro, P. Michael Palacios, Sherry L. Lohan, Maeve C. Dever, Edward P. TI Multiple trophic levels fueled by recirculation in the Columbia River plume SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CLIMATE; OCEAN; PACIFIC AB Large rivers represent gateways for the transport of terrigenous and anthropogenic material to the coastal ocean. Here we document a similar to 700 km(2) recirculation or bulge associated with the Columbia River plume that retains recently discharged river water sufficiently to create a regional bioreactor. Fueled by a fluvial nitrate source, this feature stimulated growth across three trophic levels and may buffer this gateway system during periods of increased warming and stratification that lead to decreased ocean productivity, potentially enhancing production at multiple trophic levels and enriching surfacewaters far from the river mouth. Citation: Kudela, R. M., et al. (2010), Multiple trophic levels fueled by recirculation in the Columbia River plume, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18607, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044342. C1 [Kudela, Raphael M.; Bruland, Kenneth W.; Palacios, Sherry L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Banas, Neil S.; Hickey, Barbara M.; McCabe, Ryan M.; Lessard, Evelyn J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kosro, P. Michael; Dever, Edward P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Frame, Elizabeth; Peterson, William T.] Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Horner-Devine, Alexander R.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jay, David A.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Peterson, Jay O.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, Tawnya D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Lohan, Maeve C.] Univ Plymouth, SEOS, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Kudela, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kudela@ucsc.edu RI Banas, Neil/C-8565-2015; OI Banas, Neil/0000-0002-1892-9497; Kosro, P. Michael/0000-0003-3693-2558; Lohan, Maeve/0000-0002-5340-3108; Horner-Devine, Alexander/0000-0003-2323-7150 FU National Science Foundation FX We thank the RISE team, especially Parker MacCready, for helpful input, and the National Science Foundation for the financial support for this work. This is contribution 52 from RISE. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L18607 DI 10.1029/2010GL044342 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 657SI UT WOS:000282432200003 ER PT J AU Lowry, CS Deems, JS Loheide, SP Lundquist, JD AF Lowry, Christopher S. Deems, Jeffrey S. Loheide, Steven P., II Lundquist, Jessica D. TI Linking snowmelt-derived fluxes and groundwater flow in a high elevation meadow system, Sierra Nevada Mountains, California SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE groundwater; snowmelt; meadow; hillslope; riparian ecosystem; Tuolumne Meadows ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TEMPORALLY VARYING SNOWMELT; NORTH-AMERICA; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; SUBSURFACE FLOW; STORM RUNOFF; STREAM; HILLSLOPE; MODEL; ZONES AB Quantifying snowmelt-derived fluxes at the watershed scale within hillslope environments is critical for investigating local meadow scale groundwater dynamics in high elevation riparian ecosystems. In this article, we investigate the impact of snowmelt-derived groundwater flux from the surrounding hillslopes on water table dynamics in Tuolumne Meadows, which is located in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA. Results show water levels within the meadow are controlled by a combination of fluxes at the hillslope boundaries, snowmelt within the meadow and changes in the stream stage. Observed water level fluctuations at the boundaries of the meadow show the hydrologic connection and subsequent disconnection between the hillslope and meadow aquifers. Timing of groundwater flux entering the meadow as a result of spring snowmelt can vary over 20 days based on the location, aspect, and local geology of the contributing area within the larger watershed. Identifying this temporal and spatial variability in flux entering the meadow is critical for simulating changes in water levels within the meadow. Model results can vary significantly based on the temporal and spatial scales at which watershed processes are linked to local processes within the meadow causing errors when boundary fluxes are lumped in time or space. Without a clear understanding of the surrounding hillslope hydrology, it is difficult to simulate groundwater dynamics within high elevation riparian ecosystems with the accuracy necessary for understanding ecosystem response. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lowry, Christopher S.; Loheide, Steven P., II] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Univ Colorado, NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.; Lundquist, Jessica D.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lowry, CS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cslowry@buffalo.edu RI Loheide, Steven/L-3132-2015; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016; OI Loheide, Steven/0000-0003-1897-0163; Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670; Lowry, Christopher/0000-0003-0512-964X FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0729838] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant CBET-0729838. We would like to thank the National Park Service for allowing us to conduct this research in Yosemite National Park and for providing access to their facilities. We would also like to thank Courtney Moore, Fred Lott, David Cooper, Evan Wolf and Jim Roche for assistance with well installation and data acquisition. Finally, we would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions that improved this article. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 20 BP 2821 EP 2833 DI 10.1002/hyp.7714 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 656OF UT WOS:000282345400001 ER PT J AU Dewar, H Thys, T Teo, SLH Farwell, C O'Sullivan, J Tobayama, T Soichi, M Nakatsubo, T Kondo, Y Okada, Y Lindsay, DJ Hays, GC Walli, A Weng, K Streelman, JT Karl, SA AF Dewar, H. Thys, T. Teo, S. L. H. Farwell, C. O'Sullivan, J. Tobayama, T. Soichi, M. Nakatsubo, T. Kondo, Y. Okada, Y. Lindsay, D. J. Hays, G. C. Walli, A. Weng, K. Streelman, J. T. Karl, S. A. TI Satellite tracking the world's largest jelly predator, the ocean sunfish, Mola mola, in the Western Pacific SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deep scattering layer; Diel vertical movements; Gelatinous zooplankton; Kuroshio Current; Oyashio Current; Satellite telemetry ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; THUNNUS-OBESUS; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Twelve ocean sunfish, Mob a mola, were tagged with pop-up satellite archival tags off the coast of Kamogawa, Japan during the spring of 2001 and 2003-2006. Transmitted data were obtained from seven tags. An eighth tag was recovered and provided a highly detailed four-month dataset from which several recognizable diving patterns emerged. This M. mola spent considerable time at the surface, possibly warming itself. These apparent basking events were punctuated by regular deep dives below the thermocline to depths as great as 600 m and temperatures as low as 2 degrees C. The vast majority of dives occurred during the day, with relatively little vertical movement at night. Geolocation estimates were possible between tag and release for five individuals. No large, basin-scale movements were apparent with most molas remaining relatively close to their initial tagging location over a six to nine month period. Seasonal movements were apparent for some molas and corresponded to regional shifts in oceanography. Northward movements from the Kuroshio Current into the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition zone and the Oyashio Current during the summer months coincided with an increase in temperature and reduction in chlorophyll a concentrations in waters near central Japan. In the fall, most molas returned inshore to the coast of Japan. Molas are targeted and incidentally captured by fishermen in these waters, and the information presented here is vital for effective fisheries management and to forecast changes in mola behaviors associated with environmental variability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dewar, H.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Thys, T.] Ocean Sunfish Tagging & Res Program, Carmel, CA 93923 USA. [Teo, S. L. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Farwell, C.; O'Sullivan, J.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Tobayama, T.; Soichi, M.; Nakatsubo, T.; Kondo, Y.; Okada, Y.] Int Marine Biol Res Inst, Chiba 2960041, Japan. [Lindsay, D. J.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Hays, G. C.] Swansea Univ, Inst Environm Sustainabil, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Walli, A.] GeoVille GmbH, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Weng, K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pelag Fisheries Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Streelman, J. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Karl, S. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kane Ohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Dewar, H (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Heidi.Dewar@noaa.gov RI Weng, Kevin Chi-Ming/C-4709-2013 OI Weng, Kevin Chi-Ming/0000-0002-7069-7152 FU Tagging of Pacific Pelagics Project (TOPP); Arcadia Wildlife Preserve; S. Drogen; National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration [7369-02]; Lindbergh Foundation; Smithsonian Visiting Researcher Fellowship FX We would like to thank the generous staff at Kamogawa Seaworld including K. Arai, Y. Maeda, Y. Genta, K. Mori, A. Osawa, and Y. Saito. The fishermen of the Fisheries Cooperative Association of Kamogawa provided critical assistance in capturing and releasing the tagged mola particularly T. Sakamoto and Y. Watanabe. E. Freund provided field support during the Japan 2001 field season. We would like to express our appreciation to the captain and crew of the R/V Kaiyo, as well as to the operations team of the ROV HyperDolphin. Thank you to Adopt a Sunfish Project, to S.A. Earle and the Sustainable Seas Submersible Project that spotted a mola at 500 m off the Dry Tortugas, and to R. Kemper for sharing the ROV sighting of a mola at 520 m in the Gulf of Mexico. This research was funded in part by the Tagging of Pacific Pelagics Project (TOPP), Arcadia Wildlife Preserve, and S. Drogen. T.M. Thys was supported by grants from the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration #7369-02, the Lindbergh Foundation and a Smithsonian Visiting Researcher Fellowship [SS]. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 393 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.06.023 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 657ER UT WOS:000282396500005 ER PT J AU Heintz, RA Vollenweider, JJ AF Heintz, Ron A. Vollenweider, Johanna J. TI Influence of size on the sources of energy consumed by overwintering walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics; Critical size hypothesis; Overwinter; Starvation risk; Walleye pollock ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; WINTER MORTALITY; BERING-SEA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PERIOD HYPOTHESIS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-SIZE; SALMON AB The critical size hypothesis proposes the risks of winter mortality are greatest for small individuals in fish populations. This results from size-dependent predation and starvation of wintering fishes. We extend this idea to walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and argue size-dependence leads to different wintering strategies among subadult life stages. We sampled fish quarterly, measured their size, growth and energy allocation. By comparing the contributions of endogenous energy sources (storage and structure) to metabolic demand in young-of-the-year (YOY) and juvenile pollock over winter we determined how length influenced their winter foraging requirement. From this we inferred the relative risks of starvation and predation for different sized fish. Young-of-the-year <= 170 mm) experienced high starvation risk and relied on foraging to meet routine metabolic cost. Consequently, they consumed relatively little storage or structural energy over winter. In contrast, juveniles (> 170 mm and <= 270 mm) responded to the risk of predation by consuming significant amounts of protein and structural lipids while minimizing foraging. Consistent with these observations we found YOY maximized growth in fall while juveniles maximized energy storage. In spring, YOY resumed growth earlier than juveniles. These data indicate the critical size and period hypothesis can be extended to walleye pollock. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heintz, Ron A.; Vollenweider, Johanna J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, NOAA Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Heintz, RA (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, NOAA Fisheries, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Ron.Heintz@noaa.gov; Johanna.Vollenweider@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 393 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.06.030 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 657ER UT WOS:000282396500006 ER PT J AU Pirtle, JL Stoner, AW AF Pirtle, Jodi L. Stoner, Allan W. TI Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) early post-settlement habitat choice: Structure, food, and ontogeny SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biogenic habitat; King crab; Nursery habitat; Paralithodes camtschaticus ID CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER; AMERICAN LOBSTER; DUNGENESS CRAB; CANCER-MAGISTER; RECRUITMENT; ALASKA; GLAUCOTHOE; JUVENILES; SUBSTRATE; SURVIVAL AB Little is known about nursery habitat function for red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus), a commercially important species that associates with complex benthic habitats from settlement through the first two years of life. During settlement, the red king crab actively seeks complex benthic habitats, with high availability of vertical structure and crevice space. Habitat choice for early juvenile red king crab may be driven by habitat complexity, or a function of several potential mechanisms, including foraging requirements, and shifting ontogeny. We established habitat preference and foraging behavior for two size classes of age-0 red king crab (small 2-4 mm, and large 7.5-9 mm carapace length) with laboratory experiments using habitat treatments composed of individual complex substrates that were living, biogenic substrates, including structural invertebrates, bryozoans and hydroids, and macroalgae in branched and blade forms. Non-living structural mimics of the biogenic substrates were presented to crabs as clean and fouled mimic treatments. We quantified the proportion of crab associations and foraging activity with single habitat treatments within a 24 h period. Substrates that were statistically attractive to small crabs were paired to test small crab foraging behavior. A variety of substrates were statistically attractive to red king crab. Small crabs associated with complex biogenic habitats and fouled mimics (group mean +/- SE 64% +/- 4%) more often than clean mimics (29% +/- 4%), and preferred to forage on the structural invertebrates (foraging frequency 81%) when presented with paired biogenic and fouled mimic substrates. Large crabs associated with habitats composed of structural invertebrates (group mean +/- SE 78% +/- 2%) statistically more often than macroalgae and fouled and clean mimics (32% +/- 5%). Strong attraction to structural invertebrates by early juvenile red king crab is likely driven by foraging opportunities. Our experiments demonstrate that biological habitat features may be functionally more important to early juvenile red king crab than complex physical structure alone. Habitats formed by structural invertebrates, in particular, may enhance growth and survival of early post-settlement stage red king crab in excess of other highly structured habitats, including macroalgae and complex physical substrates. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pirtle, Jodi L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Pirtle, JL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jlpirtle@alaska.edu; al.stoner@noaa.gov FU Alaska Sea Grant Program; North Pacific Research Board; NOAA FX Funding for the dissertation research of J. Pirtle at the University Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau, AK, was provided by the Alaska Sea Grant Program and the North Pacific Research Board. The Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery, Seward, AK, provided crabs for this study as a part of the AKCRRAB Program (Alaska King Crab Research, Rehabilitation, and Biology) funded by the NOAA Aquaculture Program and the Alaska Sea Grant Program. Crabs were produced, cared for, and shipped by B. Daly and J. Swingle, who provided advice on crab husbandry with M. Westphal. G. Eckert, D. Okamoto, and S. Tamone assisted with biogenic substrate collection near Juneau. S. Haines, J. Unrein, and L Loegers cared for the crabs in Newport, and assisted with the laboratory trials. M. Ottmar assisted with providing seawater systems in Newport. C. Leroux, AKCRRAB, provided the photo for Fig. 1. G. Eckert, T. Quinn, J. Reynolds, C. Ryer, B. Tissot, M. Westphal, and D. Woodby provided helpful criticisms of the manuscript. [SS] NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 393 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.07.012 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 657ER UT WOS:000282396500017 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Ottmar, ML Copeman, LA AF Stoner, Allan W. Ottmar, Michele L. Copeman, Louise A. TI Temperature effects on the molting, growth, and lipid composition of newly-settled red king crab SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics; Culture; Fatty acid; Growth; Lipid; Paralithodes camtschaticus; Temperature ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; EASTERN BERING-SEA; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLUE CRABS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; LITHODES-SANTOLLA; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; SCYLLA-SERRATA AB Red king crab (RKC) (Paralithodes camtschaticus Tilesius, 1815) is one of the most important fishery resource species in Alaska. It is threatened by heavy fishing pressure and changing climate conditions, yet little is known about the species' first year of post-settlement life. This study was undertaken to explore how temperature mediates growth and energy allocation in newly metamorphosed juveniles. RKC were reared using four temperature treatments ranging from 1.5 degrees to 12 degrees C for a period of 60 days, both individually and in low-density populations. Temperature had no significant effect on survival of RKC, and there was no consistent difference in survival between individually cultured crabs and those in populations. Growth was very slow at 1.5 degrees C, and increased rapidly with temperature with both a contracted intermolt period and small increase in growth increment. Twenty percent of the crabs held at 1.5 degrees C never molted, while more than 90% of the crabs in 12 degrees C reached juvenile stage 4 or higher. Overall growth increased as an exponential function of temperature, with slightly higher growth rates observed in populations than for isolated individuals. Growth records for individuals revealed an inverse exponential relationship between water temperature and intermolt period. There was also a small increase in growth increment from juvenile stage 1 to stage 2 with increasing temperature that appeared to be linear. Lipid class analysis revealed a trend towards higher proportions of storage lipids in larger crabs cultured at 12 degrees C than in crabs cultured at low temperatures. High proportions of essential fatty acids in all crab groups coupled with elevated levels of triacylglycerols in 12 degrees C animals, indicate that rapid growth does not negatively affect condition in juvenile RKC. Data provided by this study will help to model temperature-dependent growth and survival in the field, and assist in designing the best possible temperatures and diets for hatchery production of seed stock intended for enhancement of depleted RKC stocks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stoner, Allan W.; Ottmar, Michele L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Copeman, Louise A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM al.stoner@noaa.gov FU NOAA; Alaska Sea Grant College Program FX This study was conducted as part of the AKCRRAB Program (Alaska King Crab Research, Rehabilitation, and Biology) funded by the NOAA Aquaculture Program and the Alaska Sea Grant College Program. Crabs were provided by the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery, Seward, AK, with special thanks to B. Daly and J. Swingle who cared for and shipped the experimental animals, and offered advice on crab husbandry. S. Haines helped care for the crabs in Newport, and J. Unrein assisted in building the experimental apparatus. We are grateful to J. Wells and T. Hooper as well as all the technical staff in Dr. Christopher Parrish's lab (Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University, Newfoundland, Canada) for the chromatography of lipid classes and fatty acids. B. Stevens offered advice on the topic of crustacean growth and biology. M. Westphal and T. Hurst provided helpful comments on the manuscript. [SS] NR 63 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 393 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.07.011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 657ER UT WOS:000282396500018 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, NM Mamaluy, D AF Zimmerman, Neil M. Mamaluy, Denis TI Impossibility of a pure resistance measurement: The charge-pileup model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM TRANSPORT; COULOMB-BLOCKADE; CAPACITANCE AB Recently, we have experimentally demonstrated the existence of a capacitance between conductors in the absence of an insulator. We show that a combination of current continuity and Poisson's equation leads to a charge pileup, and thus a capacitance, whenever two dissimilar metals are joined. We verify this with numerical simulations, and consider this intrinsic, inescapable capacitance in the context of Coulomb blockade devices. C1 [Zimmerman, Neil M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mamaluy, Denis] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Zimmerman, NM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neilz@mailaps.org; mamaluy@asu.edu FU Science Foundation Arizona (SFAz); Arizona Institute of Nano-Electronics (AINE) FX It is a pleasure to be able to acknowledge useful discussions with Akira Fujiwara-san (NTT), Josh Pomeroy, Michael Stewart, Jake Taylor, and Ted Thorbeck (all of NIST). D.M. would like to thank the Science Foundation Arizona (SFAz) and Arizona Institute of Nano-Electronics (AINE) for the support of this work. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 11 AR 115333 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.115333 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 656GQ UT WOS:000282316600002 ER PT J AU Esnault, FX Holleville, D Rossetto, N Guerandel, S Dimarcq, N AF Esnault, Francois-Xavier Holleville, David Rossetto, Nicolas Guerandel, Stephane Dimarcq, Noel TI High-stability compact atomic clock based on isotropic laser cooling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PROJECTION NOISE; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; FREQUENCY STANDARD; FOUNTAIN; LIGHT; BEAM; DIFFUSION AB We present a compact cold-atom clock configuration where isotropic laser cooling, microwave interrogation, and clock signal detection are successively performed inside a spherical microwave cavity. For ground operation, a typical Ramsey fringe width of 20 Hz has been demonstrated, limited by the atom cloud's free fall in the cavity. The isotropic cooling light's disordered properties provide a large and stable number of cold atoms, leading to a high signal-to-noise ratio limited by atomic shot noise. A relative frequency stability of 2.2 x 10(-13)tau(-1/2) has been achieved, averaged down to 4 x 10(-15) after 5 x 10(3) s of integration. Development of such a high-performance compact clock is of major relevance for on-board applications, such as satellite-positioning systems. As a cesium clock, it opens the door to a new generation of compact primary standards and timekeeping devices. C1 [Esnault, Francois-Xavier; Holleville, David; Rossetto, Nicolas; Guerandel, Stephane; Dimarcq, Noel] UPMC, CNRS, LNE SYRTE, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Esnault, FX (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Atom Devices & Instrumentat Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM francois-xavier.esnault@obspm.fr FU French space agency (CNES) FX We thank A. Gerard, M. Lours, G. Santarelli, and A. Landragin for very precious help, and the French space agency (CNES) for supporting this work. F. X. E. acknowledges CNES and Thales Electron Devices for providing their support. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 033436 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.033436 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 655SF UT WOS:000282269100015 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Wen, JS Xu, GY Jie, Q Lin, ZW Li, QA Chi, SX Singh, DK Gu, GD Tranquada, JM AF Xu, Zhijun Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Jie, Qing Lin, Zhiwei Li, Qiang Chi, Songxue Singh, D. K. Gu, Genda Tranquada, J. M. TI Disappearance of static magnetic order and evolution of spin fluctuations in Fe1+delta SexTe1-x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; 43 K; EXCITATIONS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; LAO1-XFXFEAS; DYNAMICS; STRIPES AB We report neutron-scattering studies on static magnetic orders and spin excitations in the Fe-based chalco-genide system Fe1+delta SexTe1-x with different Fe and Se compositions. Short-range static magnetic order with an in-plane wave vector near the (0.5.0) (using the two-Fe unit cell), together with strong low-energy magnetic excitations is found in all nonsuperconducting samples for Se doping up to 45%. When the static order disappears and bulk superconductivity emerges, the spectral weight of the magnetic excitations shifts to the region of reciprocal space near the in-plane wave vector (0.5, 0.5), corresponding to "collinear" spin correlations. Our results suggest that there is a strong correlation between superconductivity and the character of the magnetic order/fluctuations in this system. Excess Fe appears to be important for stabilizing the magnetic order that competes with superconductivity. C1 [Xu, Zhijun; Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong; Jie, Qing; Lin, Zhiwei; Li, Qiang; Gu, Genda; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng; Jie, Qing] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Singh, D. K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Jie, Qing/N-8673-2013; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank Weiguo Yin and Wei Ku for useful discussions. Work at Brookhaven is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. J.W. and Z.X. are supported by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SPINS spectrometer at the NCNR is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 51 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 AR 104525 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.104525 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 655SK UT WOS:000282269600006 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Hargrove, SK Balazs, GH AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Hargrove, Stacy K. Balazs, George H. TI Land Use, Macroalgae, and a Tumor-Forming Disease in Marine Turtles SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREEN SEA-TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SOMATIC GROWTH; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; ARGININE; VIRUS; HERPESVIRUS; INFECTION; REGION AB Wildlife diseases are an increasing concern for endangered species conservation, but their occurrence, causes, and human influences are often unknown. We analyzed 3,939 records of stranded Hawaiian green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) over 28 years to understand fibropapillomatosis, a tumor-forming disease linked to a herpesvirus. Turtle size is a consistent risk factor and size-standardized models revealed considerable spatial and temporal variability. The disease peaked in some areas in the 1990s, in some regions rates remained constant, and elsewhere rates increased. Land use, onshore of where the turtles feed, may play a role. Elevated disease rates were clustered in watersheds with high nitrogen-footprints; an index of natural and anthropogenic factors that affect coastal eutrophication. Further analysis shows strong epidemiological links between disease rates, nitrogen-footprints, and invasive macroalgae and points to foraging ecology. These turtles now forage on invasive macroalgae, which can dominate nutrient rich waters and sequester environmental N in the amino acid arginine. Arginine is known to regulate immune activity, promote herpesviruses, and contribute to tumor formation. Our results have implications for understanding diseases in aquatic organisms, eutrophication, herpesviruses, and tumor formation. C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Hargrove, Stacy K.; Balazs, George H.] Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI USA. EM Kyle.VanHoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 NR 63 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12900 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012900 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 655SI UT WOS:000282269400005 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Gao, RS Watts, LA Stier, P Schulz, M Davis, SM Wofsy, SC Fahey, DW AF Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Gao, R. S. Watts, L. A. Stier, P. Schulz, M. Davis, S. M. Wofsy, S. C. Fahey, D. W. TI Global-scale black carbon profiles observed in the remote atmosphere and compared to models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL; EMISSIONS; AEROCOM AB Refractory black carbon (rBC) aerosol loadings and mass size distributions have been quantified during the HIPPO campaign above the remote Pacific from 80N to 67S. Over 100 vertical profiles of rBC loadings, extending from similar to 0.3 to similar to 14 km were obtained with a Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) during a two-week period in January 2009. The dataset provides a striking, and previously unobtainable, pole-to-pole snapshot of rBC mass loadings. rBC vertical concentration profiles reveal significant dependences on latitude, while associated rBC mass size distributions were highly uniform. The vertical profiles averaged in five latitude zones were compared to an ensemble of AEROCOM model fields. The model ensemble spread in each zone was over an order of magnitude, while the model average over-predicted rBC concentrations overall by a factor five. The comparisons suggest that rBC removal in global models may need to be evaluated separately in different latitude regions and perhaps enhanced. Citation: Schwarz, J. P., J. R. Spackman, R. S. Gao, L. A. Watts, P. Stier, M. Schulz, S. M. Davis, S. C. Wofsy, and D. W. Fahey (2010), Global-scale black carbon profiles observed in the remote atmosphere and compared to models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18812, doi:10.1029/2010GL044372. C1 [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L. A.; Davis, S. M.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Gao, R. S.; Watts, L. A.; Davis, S. M.; Fahey, D. W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schulz, M.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NSF [ATM-0628575]; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate; NASA FX The authors sincerely thank the AEROCOM community for their model results (Christiane Textor, Joyce Penner, Xiaohong Liu, Gunnar Myhre, Olivier Boucher, Reddy Shekar, David Fillmore, Dorothy Koch, Susanne Bauer, Oyvind Seland, Trond Iversen, Mian Chin, Marten Krol, Frank Dentener, Paul Ginoux, Larry Horowitz, Axel Lauer, and Johannes Hendricks); Johannes Hendricks, DLR, for helpful discussion; the group of Antony Clarke, University of Hawaii, for calibration support in Hawaii; the pilots and crew of the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream-V research aircraft for their important role in obtaining these observations; and Mark Cunningham, NOAA, for support in American Samoa. The HIPPO1 mission was funded by NSF grant ATM-0628575. NOAA SP2 participation was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. NR 12 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L18812 DI 10.1029/2010GL044372 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 657RZ UT WOS:000282431300004 ER PT J AU Li, FY Ginoux, P Ramaswamy, V AF Li, Fuyu Ginoux, Paul Ramaswamy, V. TI Transport of Patagonian dust to Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ICE CORE; DOME-C; CLIMATE; VOSTOK AB The transport of Patagonian dust to Antarctica is investigated by using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Atmospheric Model with online aerosol, in combination with trajectory analysis and satellite observations. The southern coastal region of northern Patagonia and the San Julian's Great depression are identified as major sources in Patagonia. Trajectory analysis indicates that only 13%-20% of air masses from Patagonia reach Antarctica within 10 days, with 1/4 and 3/4 going to West and East Antarctica, respectively. Almost twice as many trajectories from the San Julian's Great Depression reach Antarctica compared to the more northern Patagonian source. It takes similar to 7 days for Patagonian dust to be transported to East Antarctica, and 4-5 days to West Antarctica. The transport to East Antarctica is driven by the low-pressure systems moving eastward in the subpolar low-pressure zone, whereas a dust event going directly southward to West Antarctica typically happens when a high-pressure system blocks the depressions moving through the Drake Passage. Demonstrating these features, respectively, by following the journey of two typical dust plumes from Patagonia to East and West Antarctica, this study clarifies how climatic factors may affect the amount of dust reaching the Antarctic surface. C1 [Ginoux, Paul; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Li, Fuyu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Li, FY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fli@lbl.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Li, Fuyu/B-9055-2013 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; FU NASA [NESSF07] FX This work is supported by NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF07). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of HYSPLIT and/or the READY Web site (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) used in this publication. We thank the reviewers who helped to improve the quality of this paper. We acknowledge the mission scientists and principal investigators who provided the satellite data used in this research effort. CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) via online Web orders. MODIS and OMI data were obtained from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18217 DI 10.1029/2009JD012356 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 658RJ UT WOS:000282506800001 ER PT J AU Nedoma, AJ Lai, P Jackson, A Robertson, ML Balsara, NP AF Nedoma, Alisyn J. Lai, Peggy Jackson, Andrew Robertson, Megan L. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Phase Behavior of Off-Critical A/B/A-C Blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID COPOLYMER-HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TERNARY POLYMER BLENDS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; DIBLOCK-COPOLYMER; REPULSIVE INTERACTIONS; BICONTINUOUS MICROEMULSIONS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COPOLYMER/HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; MULTICOMPONENT POLYMER AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to study the phase behavior of A/B/A-C blends wherein A and B were immiscible homopolymers and A-C was an amphiphilic diblock copolymer. A series of blends were prepared with a fixed diblock copolymer volume fraction of 0.40, and the volume fraction of A homopolymer was varied from 0.1 to 0.5. All blends exhibited the same quantitative phase behavior despite differences in blend composition: lamellae below 115 degrees C and macrophase separation above 122 degrees C. Least-squares fits of the SANS data below 115 degrees C were used to extract information about the A-rich and B-rich lamellae using a model for randomly oriented lamellae developed by Hosemann and Bagchi. Our approach explicitly accounts for the concentration fluctuations within the lamellae using the random phase approximation. The results of the analysis were found to agree with predictions calculated using self-consistent-field theory (SCFT) with no adjustable parameters. The experimentally determined transitions from lamellae to macrophase separation were also in good agreement with SCFT. Calculations based on multicomponent RPA predicted a small homogeneous window that was not experimentally observed in any of the blends studied. C1 [Nedoma, Alisyn J.; Lai, Peggy; Robertson, Megan L.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Nedoma, Alisyn/0000-0002-3537-2846 FU Tyco Fellowship; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We acknowledge The Dow Chemical Company for providing the primary support for this work and Dr. T. H. Kalanthar for guidance and helpful discussions. A.J.N, was also supported by the Tyco Fellowship. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 18 BP 7852 EP 7859 DI 10.1021/ma101250e PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 650VX UT WOS:000281883000057 ER PT J AU Conrad, BR Chan, CK Loth, MA Parkin, SR Zhang, X DeLongchamp, DM Anthony, JE Gundlach, DJ AF Conrad, B. R. Chan, C. K. Loth, M. A. Parkin, S. R. Zhang, X. DeLongchamp, D. M. Anthony, J. E. Gundlach, D. J. TI Characterization of a soluble anthradithiophene derivative SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; 1/F NOISE; CRYSTALLIZATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; PENTACENE; MOBILITY; IMPACT AB The structural and electrical properties of a solution processable material, 2,8-difluoro-5,11-tert-butyldimethylsilylethynyl anthradithiophene (TBDMS), were measured for single crystal transistors. TBDMS is observed to readily form single crystals from physical vapor zone sublimation. A columnar packing crystal structure, with an approximate pi/4 radian rotational offset between neighboring molecules, is observed. Single crystal TBDMS transistors display a maximum observed saturation mobility mu(S) of 0.07 cm(2)/V s, current on-off ratio >10(7), and subthreshold swing S approximate to 1 dec/V. The spectral current noises of single crystal devices display a 1/f flicker noise, while the metal-semiconductor charge injection barrier is estimated by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3495998] C1 [Conrad, B. R.; Chan, C. K.; Zhang, X.; DeLongchamp, D. M.; Gundlach, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Loth, M. A.; Parkin, S. R.; Anthony, J. E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Conrad, BR (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM conradbr@appstate.edu RI Chan, Calvin/A-5772-2008; Parkin, Sean/E-7044-2011; Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014; OI Conrad, Brad/0000-0001-5192-2441; Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888 FU NIST/NRC; Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0019] FX NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Associateship for B.R.C. and C.K.C., the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-05-1-0019 for J.E.A. and M.A.L, and C. Snyder, K. Pernstich, and O. Jurchescu for insightful discussions. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 13 AR 133306 DI 10.1063/1.3495998 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657UU UT WOS:000282443800080 ER PT J AU Knappe, S Sander, TH Kosch, O Wiekhorst, F Kitching, J Trahms, L AF Knappe, Svenja Sander, Tilmann H. Kosch, Olaf Wiekhorst, Frank Kitching, John Trahms, Lutz TI Cross-validation of microfabricated atomic magnetometers with superconducting quantum interference devices for biomagnetic applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORELAXOMETRY AB We compare the performance of a chip-scale atomic magnetometer (CSAM) with that of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensor in two biomedical applications. Magnetocardiograms (MCGs) of healthy human subjects were measured simultaneously by a CSAM and a multichannel SQUID sensor in a magnetically shielded room. The typical features of MCGs are resolved by the CSAM, matching the SQUID results. Magnetorelaxometry (MRX) signals of iron nanoparticles were also obtained with the CSAM and compared to similar measurements with a SQUID. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491548] C1 [Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sander, Tilmann H.; Kosch, Olaf; Wiekhorst, Frank; Trahms, Lutz] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Knappe, Svenja] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 13 AR 133703 DI 10.1063/1.3491548 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657UU UT WOS:000282443800093 ER PT J AU Lebecki, KM Donahue, MJ AF Lebecki, Kristof M. Donahue, Michael J. TI Comment "Frustrated magnetization in Co nanowires: Competition between crystal anisotropy and demagnetization energy" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material ID COBALT NANOWIRES AB Bergmann et al. [Phys. Rev. B 77, 054415 (2008)] present an analytical theory explaining the behavior of ferromagnetic cobalt nanowires with perpendicular anisotropy. This theory, which predicts a sinusoidal variation in the magnetization along the long axis of the wire, depends on an assumption that "the magnetization is constant within a cross section of the wire." In this Comment we use micromagnetic modeling to show that this assumption does not hold in any relevant setting. For very thin wires, we show that a uniform magnetization configuration is the lowest energy state, which is consistent with some of the larger exchange stiffness results from Bergmann et al. [Phys. Rev. B 77, 054415 (2008)]. For thicker wires, such as those in the referenced experimental systems, the micromagnetic simulations produce magnetization patterns containing vortices. Across all wire thickness, the sinusoidal configuration has higher energy density than the vortex configuration and is therefore not attained. The micromagnetic simulations explain not only the periodic magnetization patterns observed in experiments but also the occasional absence (or disappearance) of periodic structures as described in the literature. C1 [Lebecki, Kristof M.] Univ Konstanz, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Donahue, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lebecki, Kristof M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Lebecki, KM (reprint author), Univ Konstanz, D-78457 Constance, Germany. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 AR 096401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.096401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 654KQ UT WOS:000282167600003 ER PT J AU Fang, Y Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW Levy, H Hu, Y Russell, AG AF Fang, Y. Fiore, A. M. Horowitz, L. W. Levy, H., II Hu, Y. Russell, A. G. TI Sensitivity of the NOy budget over the United States to anthropogenic and lightning NOx in summer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INCREASING BACKGROUND OZONE; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; SURFACE OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CLIMATE MODEL AB We examine the implications of new estimates of the anthropogenic and lightning nitrogen oxide (NOx) source for the budget of oxidized nitrogen (NOy) over the United States in summer using a 3-D global chemical transport model (Model of Ozone and Related Tracers-4). As a result of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) State Implementation call, power plant NOx emissions over the eastern United States decreased significantly, as reflected by a 23% decrease in summer surface emissions from our 2004 inventory to the 1999 U. S. EPA National Emissions Inventory. We increase the model lightning NOx source over northern midlatitude continents (by a factor of 10) and the fraction emitted into the free troposphere (FT, from 80% to 98%) to better match the recent observation-based estimates. While these NOx source updates improve the simulation of NOx and O-3 compared to the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America aircraft observations, a bias in the partitioning between nitric acid (HNO3) and peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) remains especially above 8 km, suggesting gaps in the current understanding of upper tropospheric processes. We estimate a model NOy export efficiency of 4%-14% to the North Atlantic in the FT, within the range of previous plume-based estimates (3%-20%) and lower than the 30% exported directly from the continental boundary layer. Lightning NOx contributes 24%-43% of the FT NOy export from the U. S. to the North Atlantic and 28%-34% to the NOy wet deposition over the United States, with the ranges reflecting different assumptions. Increasing lightning NOx decreases the fractional contribution of PAN to total NOy export, increases the O-3 production in the northern extratropical FT by 33%, and decreases the regional mean ozone production efficiency per unit NOx (OPE) by 30%. If models underestimate the lightning NOx source, they would overestimate the background OPE in the FT and the fractional contribution of PAN to NOy export. Therefore, a model underestimate of lightning NOx would likely lead to an overestimate of the downwind O-3 production due to anthropogenic NOx export. Better constraints on the lightning NOx source are required to more confidently assess the impacts of anthropogenic emissions and their changes on air quality over downwind regions. C1 [Fang, Y.; Horowitz, L. W.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Fang, Y.; Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.; Levy, H., II] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hu, Y.; Russell, A. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Fang, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yfang@princeton.edu RI Fang, Yuanyuan/F-1308-2011; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016 OI Fang, Yuanyuan/0000-0001-7067-7103; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592 NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18312 DI 10.1029/2010JD014079 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656ID UT WOS:000282321800005 ER PT J AU Bosse, AW AF Bosse, August W. TI Phase-Field Simulation of Long-Wavelength Line Edge Roughness in Diblock Copolymer Resists SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article DE diblock copolymers; lithography; resists; simulation; theory ID SEGREGATED BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ANISOTROPIC FLUCTUATIONS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; MELTS; TRANSITIONS; INTERFACES; POLYMERS AB We examine stochastic computer simulations of the Leibler-Ohta-Kawasaki (LOK) phase-field model([1,2]) and demonstrate that long-wavelength line edge roughness (LER) and line width roughness (LWR) in a lamellar diblock copolymer resist depend monotonically on quench depth and noise strength, and that the LER and LWR spectra both exhibit a peak at k(0)-the characteristic wave-number of mesophase separation in diblock copolymers. For k less than or similar to k(0), we find that the LER spectrum approximately scales like k(-1.6). These observations are consistent with previous theoretical, computational, and experimental examinations LER and LWR in diblock copolymer melts, and thus the LOK phase-field model should be considered a capable and appropriate framework for future examination of long-wavelength LER and LWR in block copolymer resist systems. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bosse, AW (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM august.bosse@nist.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1344 J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL JI Macromol. Theory Simul. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 7 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1002/mats.201000018 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 660SK UT WOS:000282664100003 ER PT J AU Chou, CW Hume, DB Rosenband, T Wineland, DJ AF Chou, C. W. Hume, D. B. Rosenband, T. Wineland, D. J. TI Optical Clocks and Relativity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCKS; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPACE; LINK AB Observers in relative motion or at different gravitational potentials measure disparate clock rates. These predictions of relativity have previously been observed with atomic clocks at high velocities and with large changes in elevation. We observed time dilation from relative speeds of less than 10 meters per second by comparing two optical atomic clocks connected by a 75-meter length of optical fiber. We can now also detect time dilation due to a change in height near Earth's surface of less than 1 meter. This technique may be extended to the field of geodesy, with applications in geophysics and hydrology as well as in space-based tests of fundamental physics. C1 [Chou, C. W.; Hume, D. B.; Rosenband, T.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chou, CW (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chinwen@nist.gov FU Office of Naval Research; NIST FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NIST. We thank N. Pavlis and M. Weiss for helpful discussions and J. C. Bergquist and N. Ashby for suggestions on the manuscript. Not subject to U. S. copyright. NR 33 TC 240 Z9 244 U1 15 U2 97 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 329 IS 5999 BP 1630 EP 1633 DI 10.1126/science.1192720 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 653NK UT WOS:000282098100036 PM 20929843 ER PT J AU Adcroft, A Hallberg, R Dunne, JP Samuels, BL Galt, JA Barker, CH Payton, D AF Adcroft, Alistair Hallberg, Robert Dunne, John P. Samuels, Bonita L. Galt, J. A. Barker, Christopher H. Payton, Debra TI Simulations of underwater plumes of dissolved oil in the Gulf of Mexico SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A simple model of the temperature-dependent biological decay of dissolved oil is embedded in an ocean-climate model and used to simulate underwater plumes of dissolved and suspended oil originating from a point source in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with an upper-bound supply rate estimated from the contemporary analysis of the Deepwater Horizon blowout. The behavior of plumes at different depths is found to be determined by the combination of sheared current strength and the vertical profile of decay rate. For all plume scenarios, toxic levels of dissolved oil remain confined to the northern Gulf of Mexico, and abate within weeks after the spill stops. An estimate of oxygen consumption due to microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons suggests that a deep plume of hydrocarbons could lead to localized regions of prolonged hypoxia near the source, but only when oxidation of methane is included. Citation: Adcroft, A., R. Hallberg, J. P. Dunne, B. L. Samuels, J. A. Galt, C. H. Barker, and D. Payton (2010), Simulations of underwater plumes of dissolved oil in the Gulf of Mexico, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18605, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044689. C1 [Adcroft, Alistair] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Adcroft, Alistair; Hallberg, Robert; Dunne, John P.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Galt, J. A.; Barker, Christopher H.; Payton, Debra] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Adcroft, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM aadcroft@princeton.edu; robert.hallberg@noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489 FU NOAA; Department of Commerce FX The authors thank Sonya Legg, Charles Stock and Stephen Griffies for comments on drafts of this article, and Steve Jayne and an anonymous reviewer for thoughtful reviews. Although released by NOAA, the information in this paper does not reflect, represent, or form any part of the support of the policies of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. Further, release by NOAA does not imply that NOAA or the Department of Commerce agree with the information contained herein. NR 7 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 49 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L18605 DI 10.1029/2010GL044689 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 656HG UT WOS:000282318900004 ER PT J AU Ofer, O Keren, A Gardner, JS Ren, Y MacFarlane, WA AF Ofer, Oren Keren, Amit Gardner, Jason S. Ren, Yang MacFarlane, W. A. TI Origin of magnetic freezing in pyrochlore Y2Mo2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNET Y2MO2O7; SPIN; BEHAVIOR; TRANSITION; RESONANCE; SYSTEM AB We investigated the nature of the spin-glass like phase transition in the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore lattices Y2Mo2O7 using the local probes nuclear and muon magnetic resonances, and the field-dependent long-range probes x-ray and neutron scatterings. The long-range probes indicated that Y2Mo2O7 does not undergo any global symmetry changes, even in a field of 6 T. In contrast, the local signal indicates a lattice distortion close to the critical temperature. The nuclei show at least two inequivalent Y sites, and the muons show sublinear line broadening as a function of moment size, over a wide temperature range. The conclusion from all the measurements is that even in high field, the distortion of Y2Mo2O7 takes place within the unit cell while its global cubic symmetry is preserved. Moreover, the muon result clearly indicates the presence of magnetoelastic coupling. C1 [Ofer, Oren] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Ofer, Oren; Keren, Amit] Technion, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Gardner, Jason S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, Jason S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [MacFarlane, W. A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Ofer, O (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM oren@triumf.ca RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013 FU NATO [PST.CLG.978705]; Israel-U.S. Binational Science Foundation; HFM network of the ESF; European Commission [RII3-CT-2004-506008]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful to the staff of TRIUMF for assistance with the mu+SR experiments. O.O. and A.K. acknowledge the financial support of NATO-Collaborative Linkage Grant, Reference No. PST.CLG.978705, the Israel-U.S. Binational Science Foundation and the HFM network of the ESF, and the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme through the Key Action: Strengthening the European Research Area, Research Infrastructures, Contract No. RII3-CT-2004-506008. Use of APS was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 AR 092403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.092403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 653NC UT WOS:000282097200001 ER PT J AU Hong, T Kim, YH Hotta, C Takano, Y Tremelling, G Turnbull, MM Landee, CP Kang, HJ Christensen, NB Lefmann, K Schmidt, KP Uhrig, GS Broholm, C AF Hong, Tao Kim, Y. H. Hotta, C. Takano, Y. Tremelling, G. Turnbull, M. M. Landee, C. P. Kang, H. -J. Christensen, N. B. Lefmann, K. Schmidt, K. P. Uhrig, G. S. Broholm, C. TI Field-Induced Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid Phase of a Two-Leg Spin-1/2 Ladder with Strong Leg Interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; HEISENBERG LADDER; CHAINS AB We study the magnetic-field-induced quantum phase transition from a gapped quantum phase that has no magnetic long-range order into a gapless phase in the spin-1/2 ladder compound bis(2,3-dimethylpyridinium) tetrabromocuprate (DIMPY). At temperatures below about 1 K, the specific heat in the gapless phase attains an asymptotic linear temperature dependence, characteristic of a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. Inelastic neutron scattering and the specific heat measurements in both phases are in good agreement with theoretical calculations, demonstrating that DIMPY is the first model material for an S = 1/2 two-leg spin ladder in the strong-leg regime. C1 [Hong, Tao] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kim, Y. H.; Takano, Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hotta, C.] Kyoto Sangyo Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6038555, Japan. [Tremelling, G.; Turnbull, M. M.; Landee, C. P.] Clark Univ, Carlson Sch Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Tremelling, G.; Turnbull, M. M.; Landee, C. P.] Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Kang, H. -J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christensen, N. B.] ETH Zurich Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Lefmann, K.] Univ Copenhagen, Nanosci Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Schmidt, K. P.; Uhrig, G. S.] TU Dortmund, Lehrstuhl Theoret Phys 1, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hongt@ornl.gov RI Schmidt, Kai /C-7286-2009; Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Uhrig, Gotz/F-4940-2011; Lefmann, Kim/M-9228-2014; Christensen, Niels/A-3947-2012; OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Lefmann, Kim/0000-0003-4282-756X; Christensen, Niels/0000-0001-6443-2142; Schmidt, Kai Phillip/0000-0002-8278-8238; Turnbull, Mark/0000-0002-0232-8224 FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of BES, DOE; NSF [DMR-0306940, DMR-0706553, DMR-0454672, DMR-0654118]; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan [19740218, 21110522, 22014014]; ESF; EuroHorcs through EURYI; Danish Natural Science Research Council under DANSCATT; Swiss NSF [PP002-102831]; Carlsberg Foundation; State of Florida; DOE FX We thank R. Paul for help with neutron activation analysis, and J.-H. Park and T.P. Murphy for help with cryogenics. The work at ORNL was partially funded by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of BES, DOE. The work at JHU was supported by the NSF through Grants No. DMR-0306940 and No. DMR-0706553. C.H. was supported by Kakenhi Grants No. 19740218, No. 21110522, and No. 22014014 from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan. K.P.S. acknowledges ESF and EuroHorcs for funding through EURYI. The work at RITA II, PSI was supported by the Danish Natural Science Research Council under DANSCATT and by the Swiss NSF Contract No. PP002-102831. The work at NIST utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The cryomagnet at PSI was partially funded by the Carlsberg Foundation. The NHMFL is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0654118, and by the State of Florida and the DOE. NR 28 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 13 AR 137207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.137207 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 653YZ UT WOS:000282136600018 PM 21230808 ER PT J AU Kent, MS Murton, JK Sasaki, DY Satija, S Akgun, B Nanda, H Curtis, JE Majewski, J Morgan, CR Engen, JR AF Kent, Michael S. Murton, Jaclyn K. Sasaki, Darryl Y. Satija, Sushil Akgun, Bulent Nanda, Hirsh Curtis, Joseph E. Majewski, Jaroslaw Morgan, Christopher R. Engen, John R. TI Neutron Reflectometry Study of the Conformation of HIV Nef Bound to Lipid Membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; AIDS-LIKE DISEASE; N-TERMINAL REGION; TRANSGENIC MICE; SH3 DOMAIN; VIRAL INFECTIVITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DOWN-REGULATION; PROTEIN-KINASE; IMMUNE CELLS AB Nef is an HIV-1 accessory protein that directly contributes to AIDS progression. Nef is myristoylated on the N-terminus, associates with membranes, and may undergo a transition from a solution conformation to a membrane-associated conformation. It has been hypothesized that conformational rearrangement enables membrane-associated Nef to interact with cellular proteins. Despite its medical relevance, to our knowledge there is no direct information about the conformation of membrane-bound Nef. In this work, we used neutron reflection to reveal what we believe are the first details of the conformation of membrane-bound Nef. The conformation of Nef was probed upon binding to Langmuir monolayers through the interaction of an N-terminal His tag with a synthetic metal-chelating lipid, which models one of the possible limiting cases for myr-Nef. The data indicate that residues are inserted into the lipid headgroups during interaction, and that the core domain lies directly against the lipid headgroups, with a thickness of similar to 40 angstrom. Binding of Nef through the N-terminal His tag apparently facilitates insertion of residues, as no insertion occurred upon binding of Nef through weak electrostatic interactions in the absence of the specific interaction through the His tag. C1 [Kent, Michael S.; Murton, Jaclyn K.; Sasaki, Darryl Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Satija, Sushil; Akgun, Bulent; Nanda, Hirsh; Curtis, Joseph E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Morgan, Christopher R.; Engen, John R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mskent@sandia.gov RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Laboratory under Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Institutes of Health [R01-GM070590, R01-GM086507] FX This work also benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Los Alamos National Laboratory under Department of Energy contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The work was partially supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01-GM070590 and R01-GM086507 (to J.R.E.). NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1940 EP 1948 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.016 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 654UY UT WOS:000282197500032 PM 20858440 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ AF Foltz, Gregory R. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Nino modes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN; WAVES AB Interaction between the tropical Atlantic meridional and Nino modes is investigated using observations and a quasi-analytical linear equatorial wave model. It is found that equatorial zonal wind stress anomalies associated with the boreal spring meridional mode generate eastward propagating equatorial Kelvin waves in the central and eastern Atlantic Ocean, where variability associated with the Nino mode is strongest. These same wind stress anomalies force westward propagating equatorial Rossby waves that reflect at the western boundary into eastward propagating Kelvin waves during boreal spring and summer. The boundary-generated Kelvin waves are of the opposite sign to those directly forced by the winds earlier in the spring, so they tend to damp the Nino mode during boreal summer. The interaction between the boreal spring meridional mode and the summer Nino is therefore mediated by directly wind-forced equatorial Kelvin waves and the delayed negative feedback from western boundary reflections of wind-forced Rossby waves. Citation: Foltz, G. R., and M. J. McPhaden (2010), Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Nino modes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18604, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044001. C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington FX This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington. PMEL publication 3554. JISAO contribution 1824. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L18604 DI 10.1029/2010GL044001 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 656HB UT WOS:000282318200004 ER PT J AU Slemons, LO Murray, JW Resing, J Paul, B Dutrieux, P AF Slemons, Lia O. Murray, James W. Resing, Joseph Paul, Barbara Dutrieux, Pierre TI Western Pacific coastal sources of iron, manganese, and aluminum to the Equatorial Undercurrent SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SIMULATED PASSIVE TRACER; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; SEPIK RIVER OUTFLOW; DISSOLVED IRON; EL-NINO; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; COLLOIDAL IRON; SOURCE WATERS; WORLD OCEAN AB We present results from the first zonal transect of iron, aluminum, and manganese conducted from the western source region of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) to the central equatorial Pacific. Trace metals were elevated along the slope of Papua New Guinea and within the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCU), which is the primary Southern Hemisphere entry path of water to the EUC. Subsurface maxima in total acid-soluble iron, aluminum, and manganese were evident in the EUC. These maxima were generally greatest in the western equatorial Pacific and decreased in magnitude eastward. Maxima in iron and aluminum persisted to 140 degrees W; maxima in manganese extended to 175 degrees W. Iron and manganese maxima were deeper (25-75 m) than aluminum maxima and located in the lower EUC, which undergoes less interior ocean mixing than shallower waters. The depth of the aluminum subsurface maxima correlated strongly (r = 0.88) with the depth of the EUC velocity maximum. Surface waters were enriched in aluminum and manganese offshore of Papua New Guinea. Surface metal concentrations decreased eastward throughout the western warm pool up to the longitude (similar to 180 degrees W) of the salinity front. Detrital sediment input from either direct riverine input or sediment resuspension appeared to be the primary mechanism of supplying metals to the NGCU. We estimated eastward fluxes of metals in the EUC and found greatest fluxes in the western equatorial Pacific between 160 E and 165 degrees E, except for aluminum. Fluxes of aluminum and, to a lesser extent, manganese increased concurrently with water volume transport in the central equatorial Pacific. Iron transport in the EUC remained constant east of the dateline, apparently due to the combined effects of dilution by meridional entrainment and scavenging. Iron was mobilized in a highly active western boundary current region and transported eastward in the lower EUC. C1 [Slemons, Lia O.; Murray, James W.; Paul, Barbara] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Resing, Joseph] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dutrieux, Pierre] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Slemons, LO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ossianla@u.washington.edu RI Dutrieux, Pierre/B-7568-2012; OI Dutrieux, Pierre/0000-0002-8066-934X; Murray, James/0000-0002-8577-7964 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-OCE-0425721]; JISAO under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank J. Cullen, K. Orians, and R. Francois for generously lending us the Canadian GEOTRACES sampling system. The officers, crew, and marine techs of the R/V Kilo Moana excelled at accommodating and anticipating scientific needs. We are grateful to O. Yigiterhan, F. Lacan, and C. Venchiarutti for tirelessly assisting in sample acquisition. We thank K. Johnson and V. Elrod for their willingness to share expertise on iron sampling and analyses. Conversations with T. Gorgues and C. Menkes greatly aided the probing and presentation of the data. G. Brunskill generously shared his archival knowledge of the Papua New Guinea margin. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation's grant to J. W. M. and J. R. NSF-OCE-0425721 as well as JISAO under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232. This is NOAA-Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory publication 3467 and Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) 1809. NR 87 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB3024 DI 10.1029/2009GB003693 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656HO UT WOS:000282319900001 ER PT J AU Gerber, EP Baldwin, MP Akiyoshi, H Austin, J Bekki, S Braesicke, P Butchart, N Chipperfield, M Dameris, M Dhomse, S Frith, SM Garcia, RR Garny, H Gettelman, A Hardiman, SC Karpechko, A Marchand, M Morgenstern, O Nielsen, JE Pawson, S Peter, T Plummer, DA Pyle, JA Rozanov, E Scinocca, JF Shepherd, TG Smale, D AF Gerber, Edwin P. Baldwin, Mark P. Akiyoshi, Hideharu Austin, John Bekki, Slimane Braesicke, Peter Butchart, Neal Chipperfield, Martyn Dameris, Martin Dhomse, Sandip Frith, Stacey M. Garcia, Rolando R. Garny, Hella Gettelman, Andrew Hardiman, Steven C. Karpechko, Alexey Marchand, Marion Morgenstern, Olaf Nielsen, J. Eric Pawson, Steven Peter, Tom Plummer, David A. Pyle, John A. Rozanov, Eugene Scinocca, John F. Shepherd, Theodore G. Smale, Dan TI Stratosphere-troposphere coupling and annular mode variability in chemistry-climate models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ZONAL INDEX; DOWNWARD PROPAGATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; TIME-SCALE; REANALYSIS; FEEDBACK; CIRCULATION; PERSISTENCE; HEMISPHERE AB The internal variability and coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere in CCMVal-2 chemistry-climate models are evaluated through analysis of the annular mode patterns of variability. Computation of the annular modes in long data sets with secular trends requires refinement of the standard definition of the annular mode, and a more robust procedure that allows for slowly varying trends is established and verified. The spatial and temporal structure of the models' annular modes is then compared with that of reanalyses. As a whole, the models capture the key features of observed intraseasonal variability, including the sharp vertical gradients in structure between stratosphere and troposphere, the asymmetries in the seasonal cycle between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and the coupling between the polar stratospheric vortices and tropospheric midlatitude jets. It is also found that the annular mode variability changes little in time throughout simulations of the 21st century. There are, however, both common biases and significant differences in performance in the models. In the troposphere, the annular mode in models is generally too persistent, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere summer, a bias similar to that found in CMIP3 coupled climate models. In the stratosphere, the periods of peak variance and coupling with the troposphere are delayed by about a month in both hemispheres. The relationship between increased variability of the stratosphere and increased persistence in the troposphere suggests that some tropospheric biases may be related to stratospheric biases and that a well-simulated stratosphere can improve simulation of tropospheric intraseasonal variability. C1 [Gerber, Edwin P.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Baldwin, Mark P.] NW Res Associates, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Akiyoshi, Hideharu] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Austin, John] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Bekki, Slimane; Marchand, Marion] UPMC, IPSL, UVSQ, LATMOS,INSU,CNRS, F-75231 Paris, France. [Braesicke, Peter; Pyle, John A.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Chipperfield, Martyn; Dhomse, Sandip] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dameris, Martin; Garny, Hella] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfaht, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Frith, Stacey M.] NASA, GSFC, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. [Garcia, Rolando R.; Gettelman, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Karpechko, Alexey] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Morgenstern, Olaf; Smale, Dan] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Nielsen, J. Eric; Pawson, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Peter, Tom; Rozanov, Eugene] WRC, PMOD, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Plummer, David A.; Scinocca, John F.] Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Shepherd, Theodore G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Gerber, EP (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM gerber@cims.nyu.edu RI Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Baldwin, Mark/J-6720-2012; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014 OI Gerber, Edwin/0000-0002-6010-6638; Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Joint DECC [GA01101]; Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy; Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071] FX We thank Judith Perlwitz and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on earlier manuscript. E.P.G. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under the Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences program. M.P.B. was funded by the NSF under the US CLIVAR program and the Office of Polar Programs. N.B. and S.H. were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra (GA01101). We acknowledge the modeling groups for making their simulations available for this analysis, the CCMVal Activity for WCRP's SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the CCM data analysis activity, the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output, and the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support for the CMIP3 data set is provided by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071), and simulations were completed with the super computer at CGER, NIES. NR 45 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00M06 DI 10.1029/2009JD013770 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656IA UT WOS:000282321400007 ER PT J AU Xu, F Ignatov, A AF Xu, Feng Ignatov, Alexander TI Evaluation of in situ sea surface temperatures for use in the calibration and validation of satellite retrievals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING CLIMATIC TRENDS; RESEARCH MOORED ARRAY; QUALITY-CONTROL; SST; ICOADS; ACCURACY; PIRATA; ERRORS; COADS AB In situ sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are used for calibration and validation of satellite retrievals. This study analyzes three in situ data sets from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Telecommunication System (GTS), the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) release 2.4, and the U. S. Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment/Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC). Comparisons show that most reports in the ICOADS and FNMOC are of the same origin as NCEP GTS. Quality control (QC) information is either unavailable (NCEP), not well documented (FNMOC), or nonuniform (ICOADS, FNMOC). Preliminary QC was implemented in this study and uniformly applied to all data sets. All analyses are stratified by major types of in situ platforms including ships, drifters, and moored buoys, the latter being further subdivided into tropical and coastal. Ships overwhelmingly prevailed before 1990 but then declined, whereas the number of drifters significantly increased, as did their reporting density. Although both platforms sample the full SST range well, drifters cover the global ocean much more uniformly than ships. Statistical analyses are performed on the in situ SST anomalies with respect to daily Reynolds and daily Pathfinder. Different global mean biases are observed for different platform types (e. g., similar to+0.03 K for drifters and tropical moorings and similar to+0.15 K for ships, with respect to Reynolds SST), suggesting existence of cross-platform biases that need to be reconciled. Root mean square (RMS) errors of the four types of in situ data have been estimated via three-way analyses proposed in O'Carroll et al. (2008). The geographical distributions of RMS errors in Pathfinder, Reynolds, and in situ SSTs show distinct spatial patterns, which require further understanding and remediation. C1 [Xu, Feng; Ignatov, Alexander] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xu, Feng] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Xu, F (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM feng.xu@noaa.gov RI XU, Feng/A-4582-2010; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI XU, Feng/0000-0002-7015-1467; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU GOES-R Program Office; Integrated Program Office; NOAA/NESDIS; CIRA FX This work was conducted under the Algorithm Working Group funded by the GOES-R Program Office; the NPOESS Ocean Cal/Val funded by the Integrated Program Office; and the Polar Product System and Implementation, NPOESS Data Exploitation, and Ocean Remote Sensing Projects funded by NOAA/NESDIS. F. Xu also acknowledges the CIRA visiting scientist fellowship. Thanks to Scott D. Woodruff of NOAA/ESRL, Rick Lumpkin of NOAA/OML, Steven Worley of NSF/NCAR/SCD, Diane Stokes of NOAA/NCEP, Nancy L. Baker of NRL, Richard Crout of NOAA/NDBC, William J. Emery of University of Colorado, the JGR editors, and anonymous reviewers for their helpful advice. We thank our colleagues John Sapper, Prasanjit Dash, and Yury Kihai for their helpful discussions as well. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C09022 DI 10.1029/2010JC006129 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 656IY UT WOS:000282325100002 ER PT J AU Sha, XW Cohen, RE AF Sha, Xianwei Cohen, R. E. TI Finite-temperature magnetism in bcc Fe under compression SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; IRON; COMPUTATIONS; ALLOYS; CO; NI AB We investigate the contributions of finite-temperature magnetic fluctuations to the thermodynamic properties of bcc Fe as functions of pressure. First, we apply a tight-binding total-energy model parameterized to first-principles linearized augmented plane-wave computations to examine various ferromagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, and noncollinear spin spiral states at zero temperature. The tight-binding data are fit to a generalized Heisenberg Hamiltonian to describe the magnetic energy functional based on local moments. We then use Monte Carlo simulations to compute the magnetic susceptibility, the Curie temperature, heat capacity, and magnetic free energy. Including the finite-temperature magnetism improves the agreement with experiment for the calculated thermal expansion coefficients. C1 [Sha, Xianwei; Cohen, R. E.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Sha, XW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359 FU DOE ASCI/ASAP [B341492]; NSF [EAR-0738061]; Carnegie Institution of Washington; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001057] FX This work was supported by DOE ASCI/ASAP subcontract B341492 to Caltech DOE w-7405-ENG-48 and by NSF grant EAR-0738061, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and EFree, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001057. Computations were performed at the Geophysical Laboratory and on ALC at Lawrence Livermore National Lab. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 37 AR 372201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/37/372201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 645AG UT WOS:000281422700001 PM 21403188 ER PT J AU Zajdel, P Hsieh, PY Rodriguez, EE Butch, NP Magill, JD Paglione, J Zavalij, P Suchomel, MR Green, MA AF Zajdel, Pawel Hsieh, Ping-Yen Rodriguez, Efrain E. Butch, Nicholas P. Magill, Jeff D. Paglione, Johnpierre Zavalij, Peter Suchomel, Matthew R. Green, Mark A. TI Phase Separation and Suppression of the Structural and Magnetic Transitions in Superconducting Doped Iron Tellurides, Fe1+xTe1-ySy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIAGRAM; LIFEAS AB Single crystal and powder samples of the series of iron chalcogenide superconductors with nominal composition, Fe1.15Te1-ySy, are found to form for 0 <= y <= 0.15. They crystallize in the tetragonal anti-PbO structure, which is composed of layers of edge-shared Fe(Te, S)(4) tetrahedra. For y = 0, Fe1+xTe (x approximate to 0.12(1)) is nonsuperconducting and undergoes a tetragonal (P4/nmm) to monoclinic (P2(1)/m) structural transition at similar to 65 K, associated with the onset of commensurate antiferromagnetic order at q = (0.5 0 0.5). We show that on sulfur substitution, Fe1+xTe1-ySy becomes orthorhombic (Pmmn) at low temperature for 0 <= y <= 0.15, where the greatly suppressed magnetic scattering is now incommensurate at q = (0.5-delta 0 0.5) and possesses short ranged magnetic correlations that are well fitted with a two-dimensional Warren peak shape. At much higher concentrations of S (y >= 0.075), there is suppression of both the structural and magnetic transitions and a superconducting transition at 9 K is observed. Between these two composition regimes, there exists a region of phase separation (0.025 <= y <= 0.05), where the low temperature neutron diffraction data is best refined with a model containing both the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. The increase in the amount of sulfur is found to be associated with a reduction in interstitial iron, x. Microprobe analysis of a single crystal of composition Fe1.123(5)Te0.948(4)S0.052(4) confirms the presence of compositional variation within the crystals, rationalizing the observed phase separation. C1 [Zajdel, Pawel; Hsieh, Ping-Yen; Rodriguez, Efrain E.; Green, Mark A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Hsieh, Ping-Yen; Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zavalij, Peter] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.; Magill, Jeff D.; Paglione, Johnpierre] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Suchomel, Matthew R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM mark.green@nist.gov RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012; Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013; Rodriguez, Efrain/N-1928-2013; Suchomel, Matthew/C-5491-2015; OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469; Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866; Rodriguez, Efrain/0000-0001-6044-1543; SUCHOMEL, Matthew/0000-0002-9500-5079 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 47 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 37 BP 13000 EP 13007 DI 10.1021/ja105279p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 652NL UT WOS:000282013700051 PM 20806923 ER PT J AU El-Khatib, S Bose, S He, C Kuplic, J Laver, M Borchers, JA Huang, Q Lynn, JW Mitchell, JF Leighton, C AF El-Khatib, S. Bose, Shameek He, C. Kuplic, J. Laver, M. Borchers, J. A. Huang, Q. Lynn, J. W. Mitchell, J. F. Leighton, C. TI Spontaneous formation of an exchange-spring composite via magnetic phase separation in Pr1-xCaxCoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-STATE TRANSITION; MANGANITES; POLARONS; LACOO3 AB We present a neutron-diffraction, small-angle scattering, and magnetometry study of the narrow bandwidth perovskite cobaltite Pr1-xCaxCoO3, demonstrating an unusual form of magnetoelectronic phase separation where long-range ordered ferromagnetism coexists spatially with short-range ferromagnetism. The two phases have very different coercivities and, remarkably, are strongly exchange coupled. The electronic phase separation thus leads to spontaneous formation of a hard-soft nanocomposite, exhibiting prototypical exchange-spring behavior in the absence of chemical interfaces. C1 [El-Khatib, S.; Bose, Shameek; He, C.; Kuplic, J.; Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [El-Khatib, S.; Laver, M.; Borchers, J. A.; Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [El-Khatib, S.; Laver, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-06ER46275, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [DMR-0804432] FX Work at UMN supported by DOE (Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER46275, neutron scattering) and NSF (Grant No. DMR-0804432). Work at ANL supported by DOE (Grant No. DE-AC02-06CH11357) NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 22 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 AR 100411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.100411 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 653UL UT WOS:000282122400001 ER PT J AU Austin, J Wilson, RJ AF Austin, John Wilson, R. John TI Sensitivity of polar ozone to sea surface temperatures and halogen amounts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; PART I; STRATOSPHERE; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; UARS; UNCERTAINTIES; VALIDATION AB Coupled chemistry-climate model simulations are presented for the period 1951-2099 and 1951-2007. The model includes a tested parameterization for the production of active halogens from the source molecules. In run 1 the observed levels of chlorine and bromine are specified, as well as the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Run 2 is identical to run 1 but observed SSTs are specified instead of model SSTs. In run 3 the bromine amount is reduced by 25% but otherwise the simulation is identical to run 2. The results show that the ozone hole is sensitive to SSTs and bromine amounts. For the period 1990-2007, when the ozone hole was fully developed, the area of the ozone hole was simulated to be largest in run 1 (11% smaller than observed), compared with underpredictions of 17% and 27% for runs 2 and 3, respectively. The effect of SSTs (difference between runs 1 and 2) is shown to arise from changes in the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, which is weaker for the simulation with model SSTs. The sensitivity of the model results to bromine (difference between runs 2 and 3) indicates the need to include realistic bromine amounts as well as chlorine and may explain, in part, the substantial underpredictions of the ozone hole area in previous simulations. The results also suggest that a small residual ozone hole may still be present after 2070 and that the ozone hole may not disappear entirely this century. C1 [Austin, John; Wilson, R. John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Austin, John] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Austin, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.austin@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18303 DI 10.1029/2009JD013292 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656HW UT WOS:000282320900003 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, M Vomel, H Hasebe, F Shiotani, M Ogino, SY Iwasaki, S Nishi, N Shibata, T Shimizu, K Nishimoto, E Canossa, JMV Selkirk, HB Oltmans, SJ AF Fujiwara, M. Voemel, H. Hasebe, F. Shiotani, M. Ogino, S-Y. Iwasaki, S. Nishi, N. Shibata, T. Shimizu, K. Nishimoto, E. Valverde Canossa, J. M. Selkirk, H. B. Oltmans, S. J. TI Seasonal to decadal variations of water vapor in the tropical lower stratosphere observed with balloon-borne cryogenic frost point hygrometers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; QBO VARIATIONS; REANALYSIS; DEHYDRATION; AIR; TROPOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; PACIFIC; BOULDER AB We investigated water vapor variations in the tropical lower stratosphere on seasonal, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), and decadal time scales using balloon-borne cryogenic frost point hygrometer data taken between 1993 and 2009 during various campaigns including the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (March 1993), campaigns once or twice annually during the Soundings of Ozone and Water in the Equatorial Region (SOWER) project in the eastern Pacific (1998-2003) and in the western Pacific and Southeast Asia (2001-2009), and the Ticosonde campaigns and regular sounding at Costa Rica (2005-2009). Quasi-regular sounding data taken at Costa Rica clearly show the tape recorder signal. The observed ascent rates agree well with the ones from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) satellite sensor. Average profiles from the recent five SOWER campaigns in the equatorial western Pacific in northern winter and from the three Ticosonde campaigns at Costa Rica (10 N) in northern summer clearly show two effects of the QBO. One is the vertical displacement of water vapor profiles associated with the QBO meridional circulation anomalies, and the other is the concentration variations associated with the QBO tropopause temperature variations. Time series of cryogenic frost point hygrometer data averaged in a lower stratospheric layer together with HALOE and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder data show the existence of decadal variations: The mixing ratios were higher and increasing in the 1990s, lower in the early 2000s, and probably slightly higher again or recovering after 2004. Thus linear trend analysis is not appropriate to investigate the behavior of the tropical lower stratospheric water vapor. C1 [Fujiwara, M.; Hasebe, F.; Shimizu, K.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Iwasaki, S.] Natl Def Acad, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan. [Nishi, N.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Ogino, S-Y.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Selkirk, H. B.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shibata, T.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Shiotani, M.; Nishimoto, E.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Valverde Canossa, J. M.] Univ Nacl, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica. [Voemel, H.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, D-15848 Tauche Lindenberg, Germany. [Shimizu, K.] Meisei Elect Co Ltd, Isesaki, Japan. RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. EM fuji@ees.hokudai.ac.jp RI Fujiwara, Masatomo/F-7852-2012; Selkirk, Henry/H-2021-2012 FU Sumitomo Foundation; Asahi Breweries Foundation; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [10041103, 11219201, 15204043, 18204041, 19740283]; Ministry of the Environment [A-1, A-071]; RISH, Kyoto University FX The balloon-borne water vapor measurements presented in this paper have been conducted with strong, long-term support from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Hidrologia (INAMHI), Ecuador, the Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Indonesia, the National Hydro-Meteorological Service, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam, the Kiribati Meteorological Service, Kiribati, and Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. The SOWER project has been financially supported by the Sumitomo Foundation, the Asahi Breweries Foundation, the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (10041103, 11219201, 15204043, 18204041, and 19740283), the Ministry of the Environment through the Global Environment Research Fund (A-1 and A-071), and RISH, Kyoto University. Support for the sounding program in Costa Rica has been provided by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program, the Radiation Sciences Program, and the Aura Satellite Project. The HALOE data were provided by GATS, Inc., through their Web site. The EOS Aura MLS data were provided by the NASA/JPL through their Web site. The ERA40 and ERA-Interim data were provided by the ECMWF through their Web site (the ERA40 data were actually obtained through an authorized Web site at RISH, Kyoto University). The JRA25/JCDAS data were provided by the JMA and CRIEPI. The NCEP1 and NCEP2 reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD. We thank Takashi Imamura, Masanori Niwano, and Takatoshi Sakazaki for valuable discussion. We also thank Stephan Fueglistaler and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. All figures were produced using the GFD-DENNOU Library. NR 52 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18304 DI 10.1029/2010JD014179 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656HW UT WOS:000282320900006 ER PT J AU von Stecher, J Wunsch, B Lukin, M Demler, E Rey, AM AF von Stecher, J. Wunsch, B. Lukin, M. Demler, E. Rey, A. M. TI Double quantum dots in carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN; FERROMAGNETISM; SPINTRONICS AB We study the two-electron eigenspectrum of a carbon-nanotube double quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling. Exact calculations are combined with a simple model to provide an intuitive and accurate description of single-particle and interaction effects. For symmetric dots and weak magnetic fields, the two-electron ground state is antisymmetric in the spin-valley degree of freedom and is not a pure spin-singlet state. When double occupation of one dot is favored by increasing the detuning between the dots, the Coulomb interaction causes strong correlation effects realized by higher orbital-level mixing. Changes in the double-dot configuration affect the relative strength of the electron-electron interactions and can lead to different ground-state transitions. In particular, they can favor a ferromagnetic ground state both in spin and valley degrees of freedom. The strong suppression of the energy gap can cause the disappearance of the Pauli blockade in transport experiments and thereby can also limit the stability of spin qubits in quantum information proposals. Our analysis is generalized to an array of coupled dots which is expected to exhibit rich many-body behavior. C1 [von Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [von Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wunsch, B.; Lukin, M.; Demler, E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP von Stecher, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU German Science Foundation [WU 609/1-1]; NSF-PIF; ARO; DARPA; NIST FX We thank F. Kuemmeth, H. Churchill, and H. Bluhm for illuminating discussions. B.W. is funded by the German Science Foundation under Grant No. WU 609/1-1. J.v.S. and A.M.R. are supported by NSF-PIF grant, by an ARO grant with funding from the DARPA OLE program, and by NIST. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 20 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 12 AR 125437 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.125437 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 652LT UT WOS:000282008900005 ER PT J AU Moore, ME Goetz, FA Van Doornik, DM Tezak, EP Quinn, TP Reyes-Tomassini, JJ Berejikian, BA AF Moore, Megan E. Goetz, Fred A. Van Doornik, Donald M. Tezak, Eugene P. Quinn, Thomas P. Reyes-Tomassini, Jose J. Berejikian, Barry A. TI Early Marine Migration Patterns of Wild Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki), Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and Their Hybrids SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; INTROGRESSION; SPECIATION; RIVER; ENVIRONMENTS; CONSERVATION AB Background: Hybridization between coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) and steelhead or rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been documented in several streams along the North American west coast. The two species occupy similar freshwater habitats but the anadromous forms differ greatly in the duration of marine residence and migration patterns at sea. Intermediate morphological, physiological, and performance traits have been reported for hybrids but little information has been published comparing the behavior of hybrids to the pure species. Methodology/Principal Findings: This study used acoustic telemetry to record the movements of 52 cutthroat, 42 steelhead x cutthroat hybrids, and 89 steelhead smolts, all wild, that migrated from Big Beef Creek into Hood Canal (Puget Sound, Washington). Various spatial and temporal metrics were used to compare the behavior of the pure species to their hybrids. Median hybrid residence time, estuary time, and tortuosity values were intermediate compared to the pure species. The median total track distance was greater for hybrids than for either cutthroat or steelhead. At the end of each track, most steelhead (80%) were located near or north of the Hood Canal, as expected for this seaward migrating species, whereas most cutthroat (89%) were within 8 kilometers of the estuary. Most hybrids (70%) were detected leaving Hood Canal, though a substantial percentage (20%) remained near the Big Beef Creek estuary. More hybrids (7.5%) than pure cutthroat (4.5%) or steelhead (0.0%) were last detected in the southern reaches of Hood Canal. Conclusions/Significance: Given the similarity in freshwater ecology between the species, differences in marine ecology may play an important role in maintaining species integrity in areas of sympatry. C1 [Moore, Megan E.; Tezak, Eugene P.; Reyes-Tomassini, Jose J.; Berejikian, Barry A.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA USA. [Goetz, Fred A.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Van Doornik, Donald M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA USA. RP Moore, ME (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA USA. EM megan.moore@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This study was primarily funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with some acoustic tags provided by the Army Corps of Engineers. Those who determine fund allocation within NOAA had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 20 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12881 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012881 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 651YH UT WOS:000281963200024 ER PT J AU Gnanadesikan, A Emanuel, K Vecchi, GA Anderson, WG Hallberg, R AF Gnanadesikan, Anand Emanuel, Kerry Vecchi, Gabriel A. Anderson, Whit G. Hallberg, Robert TI How ocean color can steer Pacific tropical cyclones SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS AB Because ocean color alters the absorption of sunlight, it can produce changes in sea surface temperatures with further impacts on atmospheric circulation. These changes can project onto fields previously recognized to alter the distribution of tropical cyclones. If the North Pacific subtropical gyre contained no absorbing and scattering materials, the result would be to reduce subtropical cyclone activity in the subtropical Northwest Pacific by 2/3, while concentrating cyclone tracks along the equator. Predicting tropical cyclone activity using coupled models may thus require consideration of the details of how heat moves into the upper thermocline as well as biogeochemical cycling. Citation: Gnanadesikan, A., K. Emanuel, G. A. Vecchi, W. G. Anderson, and R. Hallberg (2010), How ocean color can steer Pacific tropical cyclones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18802, doi:10.1029/2010GL044514. C1 [Gnanadesikan, Anand; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Anderson, Whit G.; Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Emanuel, Kerry] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM anand.gnanadesikan@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 FU GFDL; NASA [NNX07AL801G] FX We thank Tim Marchok, Ming Zhao and two reviewers for comments that improved this work. This work supported by GFDL and by NASA under grant NNX07AL801G. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L18802 DI 10.1029/2010GL044514 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 652MC UT WOS:000282009800004 ER PT J AU Young, K Ouchi, T Huang, B Chao, B Fetcenko, MA Bendersky, LA Wang, K Chiu, C AF Young, K. Ouchi, T. Huang, B. Chao, B. Fetcenko, M. A. Bendersky, L. A. Wang, K. Chiu, C. TI The correlation of C14/C15 phase abundance and electrochemical properties in the AB(2) alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen absorbing materials; Transition metal alloys; Metal hydride electrode; Electrochemical reactions ID HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOYS; NIMH BATTERY APPLICATION; METAL HYDRIDE ELECTRODES; ANNEALING HEAT-TREATMENT; LAVES-PHASE; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; ABSORPTION BEHAVIOR; SLOPING PLATEAUS AB The C14/C15 phase abundance is an important parameter in the design of a suitable AB(2)-based metal hydride electrode for use in nickel metal hydride batteries. In order to separate the contribution due to chemical composition from that of phase abundance, three multi-phase and multi-element AB(2) alloys with different C14/C15 phase abundances before and after annealing were studied by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, pressure-concentration isotherm, half-cell, and full-cell measurements. After annealing at 800 degrees C for 14 h, the C14 phase abundances increased from 71 to 94% for the first alloy (Ti12Zr21.5V10Ni40.2Co1.5Cr8.5Mn5.6Al0.4Sn0.3), remained unchanged at about 50% for the second alloy (Ti12Zr21.5V10Ni40.2Co5.0Cr5.5Mn5.1Al0.4Sn0.3), and decreased from 32 to 7% for the third alloy (Ti12Zr21.5V10Ni40.2Co8.0Cr3.5Mn4.1Al0.4Sn0.3). The effect of reduction in the amount of non-Laves ZrxNiy secondary phases by annealing was established with the second alloy while the contribution of additional major phase (either C14 or C15) by annealing can be distilled by comparing various properties between samples before and after annealing. After the comparison, C15 structure was found to have a higher hydrogen storage capacity and higher reversibility in gas phase hydrogen storage, and better high-rate dischargeability, hydrogen bulk diffusion, specific power, and low temperature performance with a shortcoming of an inferior cycle life in electrochemistry. Results from gas phase hydrogen storage measurement also agree with those from electrochemical testing. Besides, the non-Laves ZrxNiy secondary phases are found to play importance roles in the reversibility of hydrogen storage in the gas phase and battery performance in activation, rate capability, charge retention, and cycle life. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, K.; Ouchi, T.; Huang, B.; Chao, B.; Fetcenko, M. A.] Ovon Battery Co, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Bendersky, L. A.; Chiu, C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, K.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Young, K (reprint author), Ovon Battery Co, Energy Convers Devices Inc, 2983 Waterview Dr, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. EM kwoyoung@yahoo.com RI Wang, Ke/C-8021-2011 NR 95 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD SEP 17 PY 2010 VL 506 IS 2 BP 841 EP 848 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.07.091 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 659ZZ UT WOS:000282607700068 ER PT J AU Chiang, MYM Cheng, TL Pakstis, L Dunkers, J AF Chiang, Martin Y. M. Cheng, Tianle Pakstis, Lisa Dunkers, Joy TI Solutions for determining equibiaxial substrate strain for dynamic cell culture SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Equibiaxial strain; Flexible substrate; Cell culture; Finite element analysis; Flexcell ID IN-VITRO; MECHANICAL STIMULATION; MEMBRANES AB In this work, empirical and analytical solutions of equibiaxial strain on a flexible substrate are derived for a dynamic cell culture system. The empirical formula, which fulfills the mechanistic conditions of the culture system, is based on a regression analysis from finite element analyses for a substrate undergoing large strains (<15%). The analytical (closed-form) solution is derived from the super-position of two elastic responses induced in the equibiaxial strain culture system after applying pressure to a substrate undergoing small strains (microstrains). There is good agreement between the strain predicted from the solutions and from the direct measurement. Using material and geometric properties of the culture system, the solutions developed here are straightforward and can be used to circumvent experimental measurements or finite element analysis to establish substrate pressure-strain relationships. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chiang, Martin Y. M.; Cheng, Tianle; Pakstis, Lisa; Dunkers, Joy] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD SEP 17 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 13 BP 2613 EP 2617 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.05.002 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 659CZ UT WOS:000282545900024 PM 20627303 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Pan, Y Wang, K Fast, JD Grell, GA AF Zhang, Yang Pan, Ying Wang, Kai Fast, Jerome D. Grell, Georg A. TI WRF/Chem-MADRID: Incorporation of an aerosol module into WRF/Chem and its initial application to the TexAQS2000 episode SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID URBAN OZONE FORMATION; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; SOUTHEAST TEXAS; PARTICULATE MATTER; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; SPATIAL TRENDS; NEW-ENGLAND; PM2.5 MASS; HOUSTON AB The Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization and Dissolution (MADRID) with three improved gas/particle mass transfer approaches (i.e., bulk equilibrium (EQUI), hybrid (HYBR), and kinetic (KINE)) has been incorporated into the Weather Research and Forecast/Chemistry Model (WRF/Chem) (referred to as WRF/Chem-MADRID) and evaluated with a 5-day episode from the 2000 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS2000). WRF/Chem-MADRID demonstrates an overall good skill in simulating surface/aloft meteorological parameters and chemical concentrations of O-3 and PM2.5, tropospheric O-3 residuals, and aerosol optical depths. The discrepancies can be attributed to inaccuracies in meteorological predictions (e. g., overprediction in mid-day boundary layer height), sensitivity to meteorological schemes used (e. g., boundary layer and land-surface schemes), inaccurate total emissions or their hourly variations (e. g., HCHO, olefins, other inorganic aerosols) or uncounted wildfire emissions, uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions for some species (e. g., other inorganic aerosols, CO, and O-3) at surface and aloft, and some missing/inactivated model treatments for this application (e. g., chlorine chemistry and secondary organic aerosol formation). Major differences in the results among the three gas/particle mass transfer approaches occur over coastal areas, where EQUI predicts higher PM2.5 than HYBR and KINE due to improperly redistributing condensed nitrate from chloride depletion process to fine PM mode. The net direct, semi-direct, and indirect effects of PM2.5 decrease domainwide shortwave radiation by 11.2-14.4 W m(-2) (or 4.1-5.6%) and near-surface temperature by 0.06-0.14 degrees C (or 0.2-0.4%), lead to 125 to 796 cm(-3) cloud condensation nuclei at a supersaturation of 0.1%, produce cloud droplet numbers as high as 2064 cm(-3), and reduce domainwide mean precipitation by 0.22-0.59 mm day(-1). C1 [Zhang, Yang; Pan, Ying; Wang, Kai] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Fast, Jerome D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Grell, Georg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Grell, Georg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM yang_zhang@ncsu.edu RI Pan, Ying/A-3908-2015; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Wang, Kai/D-4262-2013 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Wang, Kai/0000-0002-2375-5989 FU National Science Foundation [Atm-0348819]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [DW13921548]; U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DW13921548]; U.S. EPA-Science to Achieve Results [RD833376] FX This work was performed at NCSU under the National Science Foundation Career Award Atm-0348819, the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and under agreement DW13921548, and the U.S. EPA-Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (grant RD833376). Thanks are due to Naresh Kumar and Eladio Knipping, EPRI and Christian Seigneur, formerly at AER and now at CEREA, France, for permitting the use of original version of MADRID code for NCSU's further improvement and incorporation into WRF/Chem; Mark Z. Jacobson, Stanford University, for providing APC and coagulation source codes for the improvement of MADRID; and Richard C. Easter and Rahul Zaveri, PNNL, for helpful discussions on MADRID incorporation and the conversion code from FORTRAN 77/90 fixed format to FORTRAN 90 free format. Thanks are also due to Xiao-Ming Hu, a former student at NCSU, for his work on the incorporation of an earlier version of MADRID into WRF/Chem v2.2 and scripts for post-processing model results. Thanks are also due to Mark Estes, TCEQ, for providing observational data from TexAQS2000 collected by TCEQ; Jack Fishman and John K. Creilson, NASA Langley Research Center, for providing TOR data; D. Allen Chu, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, for providing AERONET data at Stennis, Mississippi and MODIS-derived AOD data; Shao-Cai Yu, the U.S. EPA, for providing the script for statistical calculation and aircraft data extraction; Alice Gilliland and Steve Howard, U.S. EPA, for providing observations from AIRS-AQS and CASTNET; Steven Peckham and Stuart McKeen, NOAA/ESRL, for helpful discussions on WRF/Chem. NR 73 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18202 DI 10.1029/2009JD013443 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 652MW UT WOS:000282012100004 ER PT J AU Haney, PM Stiles, MD AF Haney, Paul M. Stiles, M. D. TI Current-Induced Torques in the Presence of Spin-Orbit Coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; DOMAIN DRAG; SEMICONDUCTORS; DYNAMICS AB In systems with strong spin-orbit coupling, the relationship between spin transfer torque and the divergence of the spin current is generalized to a relation between spin transfer torques, total angular momentum current, and mechanical torques. In ferromagnetic semiconductors, where the spin-orbit coupling is large, these considerations modify the behavior of the spin transfer torques. One example is a persistent spin transfer torque in a spin valve: the spin transfer torque does not decay away from the interface but approaches a constant value. A second example is a mechanical torque at a single ferromagnetic-nonmagnetic interface. C1 [Haney, Paul M.; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haney, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 12 AR 126602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.126602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 653ZW UT WOS:000282138900016 PM 20867663 ER PT J AU Lukin, MD Taylor, J AF Lukin, Mikhail D. Taylor, Jacob TI QUANTUM PHYSICS Quantum leaps in the solid state SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPIN; DIAMOND C1 [Lukin, Mikhail D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Taylor, Jacob] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taylor, Jacob] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lukin, MD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lukin@physics.harvard.edu; jacob.taylor@nist.gov RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 16 PY 2010 VL 467 IS 7313 BP 278 EP 279 DI 10.1038/467278a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 650CF UT WOS:000281824900024 PM 20844524 ER PT J AU Winchester, MR Butler, TA Turk, GC AF Winchester, Michael R. Butler, Therese A. Turk, Gregory C. TI Improving the High-Performance Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry Methodology through Exact Matching SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANALYTE INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION; HIGH-ACCURACY DETERMINATION; ICP-OES; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; DNA; UNCERTAINTIES; TRACEABILITY; QUANTITATION; 0.2-PERCENT AB Exact matching is investigated as a means of improving high-performance inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HP-ICP-OES), a technique developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to enable elemental determinations with relative expanded uncertainty of approximately 0.2% expressed at 95% confidence. "Exact matching" refers to the very careful matching of analyte mass fractions, internal standard mass fractions, and matrix compositions among the calibration and unknown sample solutions prepared for an analysis. Computer spreadsheet modeling results and laboratory data involving 16 pairs of analyte and internal standard wavelengths show that exact matching of analyte and internal standard mass fractions mitigates imprecision and bias that can be caused by even subtle nonlinearity in the ICP-OES instrument response. Laboratory experiments also demonstrate matrix effects caused by small variations in acid composition and by mass fractions of Na less than 4 mg kg(-1), emphasizing the need for exact matching of matrix compositions. HP-ICP-OES analyses performed at NIST with and without exact matching illustrate that exact matching enables relative expanded uncertainties to be halved to approximately 0.1%. C1 [Winchester, Michael R.; Butler, Therese A.; Turk, Gregory C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Winchester, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mrw@nist.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 18 BP 7675 EP 7683 DI 10.1021/ac101471a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 648RF UT WOS:000281710900022 PM 20795649 ER PT J AU Saba, VS Friedrichs, MAM Carr, ME Antoine, D Armstrong, RA Asanuma, I Aumont, O Bates, NR Behrenfeld, MJ Bennington, V Bopp, L Bruggeman, J Buitenhuis, ET Church, MJ Ciotti, AM Doney, SC Dowell, M Dunne, J Dutkiewicz, S Gregg, W Hoepffner, N Hyde, KJW Ishizaka, J Kameda, T Karl, DM Lima, I Lomas, MW Marra, J McKinley, GA Melin, F Moore, JK Morel, A O'Reilly, J Salihoglu, B Scardi, M Smyth, TJ Tang, SL Tjiputra, J Uitz, J Vichi, M Waters, K Westberry, TK Yool, A AF Saba, Vincent S. Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. Carr, Mary-Elena Antoine, David Armstrong, Robert A. Asanuma, Ichio Aumont, Olivier Bates, Nicholas R. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bennington, Val Bopp, Laurent Bruggeman, Jorn Buitenhuis, Erik T. Church, Matthew J. Ciotti, Aurea M. Doney, Scott C. Dowell, Mark Dunne, John Dutkiewicz, Stephanie Gregg, Watson Hoepffner, Nicolas Hyde, Kimberly J. W. Ishizaka, Joji Kameda, Takahiko Karl, David M. Lima, Ivan Lomas, Michael W. Marra, John McKinley, Galen A. Melin, Frederic Moore, J. Keith Morel, Andre O'Reilly, John Salihoglu, Baris Scardi, Michele Smyth, Tim J. Tang, Shilin Tjiputra, Jerry Uitz, Julia Vichi, Marcello Waters, Kirk Westberry, Toby K. Yool, Andrew TI Challenges of modeling depth-integrated marine primary productivity over multiple decades: A case study at BATS and HOT SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SUBTROPICAL GYRE; OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TIME-SERIES; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE CHLOROPHYLL; GENERALIZED-MODEL; SKILL ASSESSMENT; SARGASSO SEA AB The performance of 36 models (22 ocean color models and 14 biogeochemical ocean circulation models (BOGCMs)) that estimate depth-integrated marine net primary productivity (NPP) was assessed by comparing their output to in situ C-14 data at the Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study (BATS) and the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) over nearly two decades. Specifically, skill was assessed based on the models' ability to estimate the observed mean, variability, and trends of NPP. At both sites, more than 90% of the models underestimated mean NPP, with the average bias of the BOGCMs being nearly twice that of the ocean color models. However, the difference in overall skill between the best BOGCM and the best ocean color model at each site was not significant. Between 1989 and 2007, in situ NPP at BATS and HOT increased by an average of nearly 2% per year and was positively correlated to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation index. The majority of ocean color models produced in situ NPP trends that were closer to the observed trends when chlorophyll-alpha was derived from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), rather than fluorometric or SeaWiFS data. However, this was a function of time such that average trend magnitude was more accurately estimated over longer time periods. Among BOGCMs, only two individual models successfully produced an increasing NPP trend (one model at each site). We caution against the use of models to assess multiannual changes in NPP over short time periods. Ocean color model estimates of NPP trends could improve if more high quality HPLC chlorophyll-alpha time series were available. C1 [Antoine, David; Morel, Andre] Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, UMR 7093, CNRS, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Armstrong, Robert A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Asanuma, Ichio] Tokyo Univ Informat Sci, Chiba 2658501, Japan. [Aumont, Olivier] UPMC, Lab Oceanog Experimentat & Approche Numer, IPSL, IRD,CNRS,Ctr IRD Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Bates, Nicholas R.; Lomas, Michael W.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges GE01, Bermuda. [Behrenfeld, Michael J.; Westberry, Toby K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bennington, Val; McKinley, Galen A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bopp, Laurent] UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL, CEA,CNRS,CEN Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bruggeman, Jorn] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Theoret Biol, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Buitenhuis, Erik T.] Univ E Anglia, Lab Global Marine & Atmospher Chem, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Carr, Mary-Elena] Columbia Univ, Columbia Climate Ctr, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Church, Matthew J.; Karl, David M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ciotti, Aurea M.] Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-11330900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Doney, Scott C.; Lima, Ivan] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dowell, Mark; Hoepffner, Nicolas; Melin, Frederic] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Dunne, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Dutkiewicz, Stephanie] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Saba, Vincent S.; Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Gregg, Watson] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hyde, Kimberly J. W.; O'Reilly, John] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Ishizaka, Joji] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Kameda, Takahiko] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Grp Oceanog, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. [Marra, John] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Geol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Moore, J. Keith] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, TR-33731 Erdemli Mersin, Turkey. [Scardi, Michele] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Biol, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Smyth, Tim J.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Tang, Shilin] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Tjiputra, Jerry] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Uitz, Julia] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vichi, Marcello] Ctr Euro Mediterraneo & Cambiamenti Climatici, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Waters, Kirk] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Yool, Andrew] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Saba, VS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM vsaba@princeton.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Ciotti, Aurea Maria/B-7188-2011; Westberry, Toby/A-9871-2013; Antoine, David/C-3817-2013; Buitenhuis, Erik/A-7692-2012; Yool, Andrew/B-4799-2012; Smyth, Tim/D-2008-2012; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016; Salihoglu, Baris/D-1376-2010; Vichi, Marcello/B-8719-2008; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Ciotti, Aurea Maria/0000-0001-7163-8819; Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395; Buitenhuis, Erik/0000-0001-6274-5583; Yool, Andrew/0000-0002-9879-2776; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652; Salihoglu, Baris/0000-0002-7510-7713; Bruggeman, Jorn/0000-0003-2493-2323; Vichi, Marcello/0000-0002-0686-9634; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595; Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753; Tjiputra, Jerry/0000-0002-4600-2453 FU National Aeronautics and Space Agency [NNG06GA03G] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Agency Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program (NNG06GA03G). We are also grateful for the hard work of the many scientists who helped acquire the BATS and HOT database. We also thank Richard Barber and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that improved the quality of this paper. This is Contribution 3083 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. NR 68 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 63 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB3020 DI 10.1029/2009GB003655 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 652MG UT WOS:000282010300001 ER PT J AU Dong, XQ Xi, BK Crosby, K Long, CN Stone, RS Shupe, MD AF Dong, Xiquan Xi, Baike Crosby, Kathryn Long, Charles N. Stone, Robert S. Shupe, Matthew D. TI A 10 year climatology of Arctic cloud fraction and radiative forcing at Barrow, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE CONTINENTAL CLOUDS; SGP CENTRAL FACILITY; ANNUAL CYCLE; PART II; SURFACE; RADAR; MODEL; OCEAN; TEMPERATURES; RETRIEVAL AB A 10 year record of Arctic cloud fraction and radiative forcing has been generated using data collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) North Slope of Alaska site and the nearby NOAA Barrow Observatory (BRW) from June 1998 to May 2008. The cloud fractions (CFs) derived from ARM radar-lidar and ceilometer measurements increase significantly from March to May (0.57 -> 0.84), remain relatively high (similar to 0.80-0.9) from May to October, and then decrease from November to the following March (0.8 -> 0.57), having an annual average of 0.76. These CFs are comparable to those derived from ground-based radar-lidar observations during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment and from satellite observations over the western Arctic regions. The monthly means of estimated clear-sky and measured all-sky shortwave (SW)-down and longwave (LW)-down fluxes at the two facilities are almost identical with the annual mean differences less than 1.6 Wm(-2). Values of LW cloud radiative forcing (CRF) are minimum (6 Wm(-2)) in March, then increase monotonically to reach maximum (63 Wm(-2)) in August, then decrease continuously to the following March. The cycle of SW CRF mirrors its LW counterpart with the greatest negative impact occurring during the snow-free months of July and August. On annual average, the negative SW CRFs and positive LW CRFs nearly cancel, resulting in annual average NET CRF of about 3.5 Wm(-2) on the basis of the combined ARM and BRW analysis. Compared with other studies, we find that LW CRF does not change over the Arctic regions significantly, but NET CRFs change from negative to positive from Alaska to the Beaufort Sea, indicating that Barrow is at a critical latitude for neutral NET CRF. The sensitivity study has shown that LW CRFs increase with increasing cloud fraction, liquid water path, and radiating temperature with high positive correlations (0.8-0.9). Negative correlations are found for SW CRFs, but a strong positive correlation between SW CRF and surface albedo exists. C1 [Dong, Xiquan; Xi, Baike; Crosby, Kathryn] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Long, Charles N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Stone, Robert S.; Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stone, Robert S.; Shupe, Matthew D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dong, XQ (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave,Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM dong@aero.und.edu RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Dong, Xiquan/0000-0002-3359-6117 FU NASA at the University of North Dakota [NNX07AW05G]; NSF [ATM0649549]; NASA [NNL04AA11G, NNG06GB59G]; Climate Change Research Division of the U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA-ESRL FX We would like to thank Sally Benson and Gerald G. Mace of the University of Utah for providing preprocessed ARM radar-lidar data. This research was primarily supported by NASA NEWS project under grant NNX07AW05G at the University of North Dakota. The University of North Dakota authors were also supported by NSF under grant ATM0649549, the NASA CERES project under grant NNL04AA11G, and the NASA MAP project under grant NNG06GB59G. Long and Shupe acknowledge the support of the Climate Change Research Division of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. R. Stone receives support from NOAA-ESRL. We thank D. Longenecker and T. Mefford of NOAA-ESRL for their processing and dissemination of the BRW data. Recognition is also extended to those responsible for the operation and maintenance of the instruments that produced the data used in this study; their diligent and dedicated efforts are often underappreciated. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D17212 DI 10.1029/2009JD013489 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 652MQ UT WOS:000282011500007 ER PT J AU Hass, DD Zhao, H Dobbins, T Allen, AJ Slifka, AJ Wadley, HNG AF Hass, D. D. Zhao, H. Dobbins, T. Allen, A. J. Slifka, A. J. Wadley, H. N. G. TI Multi-scale pore morphology in directed vapor deposited yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Electron beam evaporation; Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Zirconium oxide; Yttrium oxide; Thermal conductivity; Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering; Directed vapor deposition ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; GAS-TURBINE; ION-BOMBARDMENT; THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; MICROSTRUCTURES; DIFFUSIVITY; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION AB A high pressure, electron-beam directed-vapor deposition process has been used to deposit partially stabilized zirconia containing 7% mass yttria at deposition pressures of 7.5-23 Pa. Anisotropic, ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) was then used to determine the surface area, shape and orientation of pores within the coatings. The total surface area of the ellipsoidal shaped pores was found to increase with deposition pressure. However, the through-thickness thermal conductivity measurements reveal the existence of a minimum thermal conductivity in coatings deposited at an intermediate pressure. Observations of the anisotropic X-ray scattering intensity at this intermediate pressure indicated greater proportions of both feather-like (oblate) pores with their major dimension at about 60 degrees to the plane of the coating and fine columnar (prolate) pores oriented perpendicular to the coating plane. Since these oblate pore orientations are most efficient at impeding conductive thermal transport through the coating, it is believed that the change in preferred pore orientations with pressure is responsible for the higher thermal resistance of coatings grown in the intermediate pressure regime. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hass, D. D.; Zhao, H.; Wadley, H. N. G.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dobbins, T.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Allen, A. J.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slifka, A. J.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hass, DD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM derekh@directedvapor.com RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; OI Dobbins, Tabbetha/0000-0002-2427-3746 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0297]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful to the Office of Naval Research for support of this research under ONR Grant N00014-03-1-0297 monitored by Dr. David Shifler. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Dr. J. Ilavsky, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, for help with the USAXS measurements. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 527 IS 23 BP 6270 EP 6282 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2010.06.033 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 643AK UT WOS:000281264000024 ER PT J AU Norris, DG Orozco, LA Barberis-Blostein, P Carmichael, HJ AF Norris, D. G. Orozco, L. A. Barberis-Blostein, P. Carmichael, H. J. TI Observation of Ground-State Quantum Beats in Atomic Spontaneous Emission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; ERASER AB We report ground-state quantum beats in spontaneous emission from a continuously driven atomic ensemble. Beats are visible only in an intensity autocorrelation and evidence spontaneously generated coherence in radiative decay. Our measurement realizes a quantum eraser where a first photon detection prepares a superposition and a second erases the "which path" information in the intermediate state. C1 [Norris, D. G.; Orozco, L. A.; Barberis-Blostein, P.; Carmichael, H. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Norris, D. G.; Orozco, L. A.; Barberis-Blostein, P.; Carmichael, H. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barberis-Blostein, P.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Matemat Aplicadas & Sistemas, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Carmichael, H. J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland 92019, New Zealand. RP Norris, DG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011 FU NSF; CONACYT, Mexico; RSNZ FX Work supported by NSF, CONACYT, Mexico, and the Marsden Fund of RSNZ. We thank I. Deutsch for stimulating discussions. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 12 AR 123602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.123602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 650RT UT WOS:000281870100005 PM 20867638 ER PT J AU Levin, I Woicik, JC Llobet, A Tucker, MG Krayzman, V Pokorny, J Reaney, IM AF Levin, I. Woicik, J. C. Llobet, A. Tucker, M. G. Krayzman, V. Pokorny, J. Reaney, I. M. TI Displacive Ordering Transitions in Perovskite-Like AgNb1/2Ta1/2O3 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; X-RAY; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CENTRAL PEAK; SCATTERING; MICROWAVE; SPECTRA; OXIDES; SYSTEM AB Displacive phase transitions in perovskite-like solid solutions AgNb1/2Ta1/2O3 were studied using several diffraction and spectroscopic techniques sensitive to average and local structures. The room-temperature phase of AgNb1/2Ta1/2O3 (M-2) is analogous to that of the end-member AgNbO3 and exhibits Pbcm orthorhombic symmetry with lattice parameters root 2a(c) x root 2a(c) x 4a(c) (a(c) approximate to 4 angstrom refers to an ideal cubic perovskite cell). This structure combines complex octahedral tilting and average antipolar B-cation (Nb, Ta) displacements. Similar to AgNbO3, at higher temperatures, B-cations are disordered among multiple sites displaced along (111), directions. Partial ordering of local B-cation displacements is manifested in the so-called M-3 <-> M-2 transition, which preserves the average Pbcm symmetry determined by the tilted octahedral framework; the transition is accompanied by a broad exploitable maximum of dielectric constant. Ta substitution suppresses this ordering because of the dissimilar off-centering trends for Ta and Nb. According to the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, Nb cations exhibit much larger local off-center displacements than Ta, consistent with larger dielectric constants typically displayed by niobates compared to tantalates. AgNb1/2Ta1/2O3 maintains residual 8-site disorder down to low temperatures as opposed to 2-site disorder in AgNbO3. Our results suggest that Ag cations also exhibit displacive disorder and, on cooling, undergo ordering coupled to that of the B-cations. C1 [Levin, I.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Llobet, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tucker, M. G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Pokorny, J.; Reaney, I. M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Pokorny, J.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Pokorny, Jan/F-4569-2011; Tucker, Matt/C-9867-2016 OI Pokorny, Jan/0000-0002-2614-1667; Tucker, Matt/0000-0002-2891-7086 FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-36] FX Neutron diffraction measurements were conducted at (1) the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-ENG-36 and (2) the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source supported by a beam-time allocation from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 17 BP 4987 EP 4995 DI 10.1021/cm101263p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 645MA UT WOS:000281461100019 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Halasyamani, PS Melot, BC Seshadri, R Green, MA Sefat, AS Mandrus, D AF Kim, Sang-Hwan Halasyamani, P. Shiv Melot, Brent C. Seshadri, Ram Green, Mark A. Sefat, Athena S. Mandrus, David TI Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Polar Ferrimagnet VOSe2O5 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FERROELECTRICITY; POLARIZATION; SOLIDS; FIELDS; STATES; TERMS AB We have re-examined the crystal structure and the physical properties of VOSe2O5 by performing single crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffraction, alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) magnetization measurements, heat capacity, dielectric properties, and second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements. From these studies, we observed that the compound undergoes three magnetic transitions near 4, 5.5, and 8 K. In addition, we observed ferrimagnetic behavior as the magnetic ground state, confirmed by the isothermal magnetization measured below 8 K that reveals a saturated magnetic moment of 0.5 mu(B) per formula unit, consistent with density functional calculations of the magnetically ordered ground state. We propose a ferrimagnetic spin arrangement that is consistent with neutron diffraction measurements as well. Frequency dependence in the AC magnetic susceptibility, observed at 5.5 K, is considered as short-range magnetic ordering and may be associated with the competition between nearest neighbor and next nearest neighbor interactions of the V4+ cations. A dielectric anomaly near 240 K and non-centrosymmetric functional properties, notably, second harmonic generation and electric polarization, are also discussed. C1 [Kim, Sang-Hwan; Halasyamani, P. Shiv] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Melot, Brent C.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Melot, Brent C.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, Mark A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sefat, Athena S.; Mandrus, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mandrus, David] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Halasyamani, PS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, 136 Fleming Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM psh@uh.edu RI Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Halasyamani, P. Shiv/A-8620-2009; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Halasyamani, Shiv/J-3438-2014; Melot, Brent/B-6456-2008; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Halasyamani, Shiv/0000-0003-1787-1040; Melot, Brent/0000-0002-7078-8206; Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU Welch Foundation [E-1457]; NSF [DMR-0652150]; ACS PRF [47345-AC10]; National Science Foundation [DMR 0449354]; Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX S.-H.K. and P.S.H. thank the Welch Foundation (Grant E-1457), NSF (DMR-0652150), and ACS PRF (47345-AC10) for support. B.C.M. and R.S acknowledge the National Science Foundation for support through Career Awards to R.S. (DMR 0449354) and for the use of MRSEC facilities at UCSB (DMR 0520415), D.P. Shoemaker and A. Llobet are thanked for their assistance in data collection at Los Alamos National Lab. Research is also sponsored by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 17 BP 5074 EP 5083 DI 10.1021/cm1011839 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 645MA UT WOS:000281461100028 ER PT J AU Elipot, S Lumpkin, R Prieto, G AF Elipot, Shane Lumpkin, Rick Prieto, German TI Modification of inertial oscillations by the mesoscale eddy field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVES; KINETIC-ENERGY; DRIFTER DATA; UPPER-OCEAN; PROPAGATION; WIND; VARIABILITY; SPECTRUM; CURRENTS; MODELS AB The modification of near-surface near-inertial oscillations (NIOs) by the geostrophic vorticity is studied globally from an observational standpoint. Surface drifter are used to estimate NIO characteristics. Despite its spatial resolution limits, altimetry is used to estimate the geostrophic vorticity. Three characteristics of NIOs are considered: the relative frequency shift with respect to the local inertial frequency; the near-inertial variance; and the inverse excess bandwidth, which is interpreted as a decay time scale. The geostrophic mesoscale flow shifts the frequency of NIOs by approximately half its vorticity. Equatorward of 30 degrees N and S, this effect is added to a global pattern of blue shift of NIOs. While the global pattern of near-inertial variance is interpretable in terms of wind forcing, it is also observed that the geostrophic vorticity organizes the near-inertial variance; it is maximum for near zero values of the Laplacian of the vorticity and decreases for nonzero values, albeit not as much for positive as for negative values. Because the Laplacian of vorticity and vorticity are anticorrelated in the altimeter data set, overall, more near-inertial variance is found in anticyclonic vorticity regions than in cyclonic regions. While this is compatible with anticyclones trapping NIOs, the organization of near-inertial variance by the Laplacian of vorticity is also in very good agreement with previous theoretical and numerical predictions. The inverse bandwidth is a decreasing function of the gradient of vorticity, which acts like the gradient of planetary vorticity to increase the decay of NIOs from the ocean surface. Because the altimetry data set captures the largest vorticity gradients in energetic mesoscale regions, it is also observed that NIOs decay faster in large geostrophic eddy kinetic energy regions. C1 [Elipot, Shane] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Prieto, German] Univ Los Andes, Dept Fis, Bogota 4976, Colombia. RP Elipot, S (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, 6 Brownlow St,Joseph Proudman Bldg, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. EM ship@pol.ac.uk RI Prieto, German/B-8833-2008; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Prieto, German/0000-0001-8538-7379; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; UK Natural Environment Research Council; UK National Centre for Earth Observation; NOAA's Office of Climate Observations; AOML FX Shane Elipot was partially supported by the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, by the UK Natural Environment Research Council as a contribution to Oceans 2025, and by the UK National Centre for Earth Observation. Rick Lumpkin was supported by NOAA's Office of Climate Observations and AOML. The authors would like to thank Mayra Pazos, Jessica Redman, and Erik Valdez of the GDP Data Assembly Center, who prepared the quality-controlled data set. The authors would like to thank Jonathan Lilly for useful conversations, Patrice Klein for his comments on the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms. The author would also like to thank Lana Erofeeva for her assistance for running the OSU TPXO tidal model. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C09010 DI 10.1029/2009JC005679 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 652NJ UT WOS:000282013400002 ER PT J AU Stramma, L Johnson, GC Firing, E Schmidtko, S AF Stramma, Lothar Johnson, Gregory C. Firing, Eric Schmidtko, Sunke TI Eastern Pacific oxygen minimum zones: Supply paths and multidecadal changes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; SUBSURFACE COUNTERCURRENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NORTH PACIFIC; WATER; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; VENTILATION; THERMOCLINE; PYCNOCLINE AB The supply of oxygen-rich water to the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the eastern North and South Pacific via zonal tropical currents is investigated using shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler and hydrographic section data. Near the equator, the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), Northern and Southern Subsurface Countercurrents (SCCs), and the Northern and Southern Intermediate Countercurrents (ICCs) all carry water that is oxygen richer than adjacent westward flows, thereby providing a net oxygen supply to the eastern Pacific OMZs. The synoptic velocity-weighted oxygen concentration difference between eastward and westward flows is typically 10-50 mu mol kg(-1). Subthermocline zonal oxygen fluxes reflect decreasing oxygen concentrations of the EUC, the SCCs, and the ICCs as they flow eastward. Approximately 30 year time series in well-sampled regions of the equatorial Pacific show oxygen content decreasing as rapidly as -0.55 mu mol kg(-1) yr(-1) in the major oxygen supply paths of the OMZs for a 200-700 m layer and similar trends for a density layer spanning roughly these depths. This finding is in gross agreement with climate models, which generally predict expanding OMZs. C1 [Stramma, Lothar; Schmidtko, Sunke] Univ Kiel IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Johnson, Gregory C.; Schmidtko, Sunke] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Firing, Eric] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Stramma, L (reprint author), Univ Kiel IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM lstramma@ifm-geomar.de RI Schmidtko, Sunke/F-3355-2011; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Schmidtko, Sunke/0000-0003-3272-7055; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU IFM-GEOMAR; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation [OCE03-27334]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX We thank Julia Hummon for processing the shipboard ADCP data and Kristene McTaggart for processing the TAO CTD/O2 data. Financial support was received through the IFM-GEOMAR (L. S and S. S.), the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (G.C.J. and S. S.), and National Science Foundation grant OCE03-27334 (E. F.). This work is a contribution of Sonderforschungsbereich 754 "Climate-Biogeochemistry interactions in the tropical ocean" (www.sfb754.de), which is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This is PMEL contribution 3475. NR 39 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C09011 DI 10.1029/2009JC005976 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 652NJ UT WOS:000282013400004 ER PT J AU Johnson, JE Rolston, SL AF Johnson, J. E. Rolston, S. L. TI Interactions between Rydberg-dressed atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BLOCKADE AB We examine interactions between atoms continuously and coherently driven between the ground state and a Rydberg state, producing "Rydberg-dressed atoms." Because of the large dipolar coupling between two Rydberg atoms, a small admixture of Rydberg character into a ground state can produce an atom with a dipole moment of a few debye, the appropriate size to observe interesting dipolar physics effects in cold atom systems. We have calculated the interaction energies for atoms that interact via the dipole-dipole interaction and find that because of blockade effects, the R dependent two-atom interaction terms are limited in size and can be R independent up until the dipolar energy is equal to the detuning. This produces R dependent interactions different from the expected 1/R(3) dipolar form that have no direct analogy in condensed-matter physics and could lead to interesting quantum phases in trapped Rydberg systems. C1 [Johnson, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Johnson, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU JQI NSF-PFC FX We acknowledge discussions with J. Porto, S. Das Sarma, and G. Pupillo. This work is partially supported by the JQI NSF-PFC. NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 033412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.033412 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 650JV UT WOS:000281846100007 ER PT J AU Mathey, L Ramanathan, A Wright, KC Muniz, SR Phillips, WD Clark, CW AF Mathey, L. Ramanathan, A. Wright, K. C. Muniz, S. R. Phillips, W. D. Clark, Charles W. TI Phase fluctuations in anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates: From cigars to rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GASES; TRAPS AB We study the phase-fluctuating condensate regime of ultracold atoms trapped in a ring-shaped trap geometry, which has been realized in recent experiments. We first consider a simplified box geometry, in which we identify the conditions to create a state that is dominated by thermal phase fluctuations, and then explore the experimental ring geometry. In both cases we demonstrate that the requirement for strong phase fluctuations can be expressed in terms of the total number of atoms and the geometric length scales of the trap only. For the ring-shaped trap we discuss the zero temperature limit in which a condensate is realized where the phase is fluctuating due to interactions and quantum fluctuations. We also address possible ways of detecting the phase-fluctuating regime in ring condensates. C1 [Mathey, L.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mathey, L (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Muniz, Sergio/G-6426-2012; Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009; Wright, Kevin/N-3207-2013; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Muniz, Sergio/0000-0002-8753-4659; Wright, Kevin/0000-0001-6202-1737; Ramanathan, Anand/0000-0002-1865-0904 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0822671]; National Research Council (NRC)/NIST FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontier Grant No. PHY-0822671. L. M. acknowledges support from the National Research Council (NRC)/NIST. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 033607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.033607 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 650JV UT WOS:000281846100008 ER PT J AU Altomare, F Cicak, K Sillanpaa, MA Allman, MS Sirois, AJ Li, D Park, JI Strong, JA Teufel, JD Whittaker, JD Simmonds, RW AF Altomare, Fabio Cicak, Katarina Sillanpaa, Mika A. Allman, Michael S. Sirois, Adam J. Li, Dale Park, Jae I. Strong, Joshua A. Teufel, John D. Whittaker, Jed D. Simmonds, Raymond W. TI Measurement crosstalk between two phase qubits coupled by a coplanar waveguide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2 SUPERCONDUCTING QUBITS; JOSEPHSON PHASE QUBITS; QUANTUM STATES; CAVITY AB We investigate measurement crosstalk in a system with two flux-biased phase qubits coupled by a resonant coplanar waveguide cavity. After qubit measurement, the superconducting phase undergoes damped oscillations in a deep anharmonic potential producing a frequency chirped voltage or crosstalk signal. We show experimentally that a coplanar waveguide cavity acts as a bandpass filter that can significantly reduce the propagation of this crosstalk signal when the qubits are far off resonance from the cavity. The transmission of the crosstalk signal proportional to(omega(q)C(x))(2) can be further minimized by reducing the qubit frequencies and the coupling capacitance to the cavity. We model the large amplitude crosstalk signal and qubit response classically with results that agree well with the experimental data. We find that the maximum energy transferred by the crosstalk generating qubit roughly saturates for long energy relaxation times (T(1) > 100 ns) while the delay time necessary for the crosstalk signal to propagate to the cavity scales linearly with T(1). Ultimately, the use of resonant cavities as coupling elements and crosstalk filters is extremely beneficial for future architectures incorporating many coupled qubits. C1 [Altomare, Fabio; Cicak, Katarina; Allman, Michael S.; Sirois, Adam J.; Li, Dale; Park, Jae I.; Strong, Joshua A.; Teufel, John D.; Whittaker, Jed D.; Simmonds, Raymond W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sillanpaa, Mika A.] Aalto Univ, Low Temp Lab, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Allman, Michael S.; Sirois, Adam J.; Strong, Joshua A.; Whittaker, Jed D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Altomare, F (reprint author), D Wave Syst Inc, 100-4401 Still Creek Dr, Burnaby, BC V5C 6G9, Canada. EM simmonds@boulder.nist.gov RI Allman, Michael/E-5922-2011; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; Sillanpaa, Mika/A-3554-2013 OI Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; FU NIST; Academy of Finland; ERC [FP7-240387] FX This work was financially supported by NIST. Contribution of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. M.A.S. was supported by the Academy of Finland and by the ERC (Grant No. FP7-240387). NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 AR 094510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094510 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 650JL UT WOS:000281845000008 ER PT J AU Sahu, B Min, HK Banerjee, SK AF Sahu, Bhagawan Min, Hongki Banerjee, Sanjay K. TI Effects of edge magnetism and external electric field on energy gaps in multilayer graphene nanoribbons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; RIBBONS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; DEPENDENCE; STACKING; STATE AB Using first-principles density-functional theory, we study the electronic structure of multilayer graphene nanoribbons as a function of the ribbon width and the external electric field, applied perpendicular to the ribbon layers. We consider two types of edges (armchair and zigzag), each with two edge alignments (referred to as alpha and beta alignments). We show that, as in monolayer and bilayer armchair nanoribbons, multilayer armchair nanoribbons exhibit three classes of energy gaps which decrease with increasing width. Nonmagnetic multilayer zigzag nanoribbons have band structures that are sensitive to the edge alignments and the number of layers, indicating different magnetic properties and resulting energy gaps. We find that energy gaps can be induced in ABC-stacked ribbons with a perpendicular external electric field while in other stacking sequences, the gaps decrease or remain closed as the external electric field increases. C1 [Sahu, Bhagawan; Banerjee, Sanjay K.] Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Min, Hongki] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Min, Hongki] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sahu, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM brsahu@physics.utexas.edu OI Min, Hongki/0000-0001-5043-2432 FU NRI-SWAN center; NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter; NSF at Texas Advanced Computing Center [TG-DMR080016N]; DOE at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [NEL003] FX The authors acknowledge financial support from NRI-SWAN center. The work done by H. M. has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. B. S. acknowledges the allocation of computing time on NSF Teragrid machine Ranger (Grant No. TG-DMR080016N) at Texas Advanced Computing Center and DOE leadership computing machine Jaguar at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (NEL003). The authors thank J. J. Mc-Clelland, P. Haney, and K. Gilmore for their valuable comments. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 11 AR 115426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.115426 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 650JQ UT WOS:000281845500009 ER PT J AU Boukharouba, N Bateman, FB Brient, CE Carlson, AD Grimes, SM Haight, RC Massey, TN Wasson, OA AF Boukharouba, N. Bateman, F. B. Brient, C. E. Carlson, A. D. Grimes, S. M. Haight, R. C. Massey, T. N. Wasson, O. A. TI Measurement of the n-p elastic scattering angular distribution at E-n = 10 MeV (vol 65, 014004, 2001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Correction AB The reported data are given for the mean angles measured rather than for the central angles. The data are normalized to the most recent Evaluated Nuclear Data File evaluated angle-integrated elastic-scattering cross section and refitted with a Legendre polynomial expansion. C1 [Boukharouba, N.] Univ Guelma, Dept Phys, Guelma 24000, Algeria. [Bateman, F. B.; Carlson, A. D.; Wasson, O. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brient, C. E.; Grimes, S. M.; Massey, T. N.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Haight, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boukharouba, N (reprint author), Univ Guelma, Dept Phys, Guelma 24000, Algeria. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 14 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 039901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.039901 PG 1 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 650JF UT WOS:000281844400003 ER PT J AU Wood, KR Overland, JE Jonsson, T Smoliak, BV AF Wood, Kevin R. Overland, James E. Jonsson, Trausti Smoliak, Brian V. TI Air temperature variations on the Atlantic-Arctic boundary since 1802 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NAUK ICE CAP; SEVERNAYA-ZEMLYA; GULF-STREAM; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; RECORD; ANOMALIES AB A two-hundred year instrumental record of annual surface air temperature in the Atlantic-Arctic boundary region was reconstructed from four station-based composite time series. The new time series adds seventy-six years to the previously available record. Credibility is supported by ice core records, other temperature proxies, and historical evidence. This record provides new perspective on past climate fluctuations in a region where pivotal climate system processes occur and where unexplained low-frequency variations were observed during the 20th century. It is well correlated with sea-surface temperature anomalies, both regionally and in the vicinity of the North Atlantic western boundary current and southern recirculation gyre. The extended instrumental record reveals an irregular pattern of decadal-scale temperature fluctuations over the past two centuries. The early 20th century warming event is by far the most striking historical example. Citation: Wood, K.R., J.E. Overland, T. Jonsson, and B. V. Smoliak (2010), Air temperature variations on the Atlantic-Arctic boundary since 1802, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L17708, doi:10.1029/2010GL044176. C1 [Wood, Kevin R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Jonsson, Trausti] Iceland Meteorol Off, IS-150 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Smoliak, Brian V.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wood, KR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM kevin.r.wood@noaa.gov; james.e.overland@noaa.gov; trausti@vedur.is; bsmoliak@washington.edu RI Smoliak, Brian/E-1951-2013 OI Smoliak, Brian/0000-0001-6769-9205 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; JISAO under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232]; NSF [0531286, ATM-0812802] FX This project was supported by Arctic Research of the NOAA Climate Program Office, by JISAO under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, through the Arctic System Science Program (NSF grant 0531286), and in part by NSF grant ATM-0812802 (BVS). JISAO contribution 1784. PMEL contribution 3492. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L17708 DI 10.1029/2010GL044176 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 649GB UT WOS:000281755000002 ER PT J AU Park, SH Chae, J Jing, J Tan, CY Wang, HM AF Park, Sung-Hong Chae, Jongchul Jing, Ju Tan, Changyi Wang, Haimin TI TIME EVOLUTION OF CORONAL MAGNETIC HELICITY IN THE FLARING ACTIVE REGION NOAA 10930 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: photosphere ID 2006 DECEMBER 13; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; MASS EJECTION; X3.4 FLARE; FORCE; FIELDS; SUNSPOT; ROTATION; FLUX; RECONSTRUCTION AB To study the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field topology and its long-term evolution associated with the X3.4 flare of 2006 December 13, we investigate the coronal relative magnetic helicity in the flaring active region (AR) NOAA 10930 during the time period of December 8-14. The coronal helicity is calculated based on the 3D nonlinear force-free magnetic fields reconstructed by the weighted optimization method of Wiegelmann, and is compared with the amount of helicity injected through the photospheric surface of the AR. The helicity injection is determined from the magnetic helicity flux density proposed by Pariat et al. using Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Michelson Doppler Imager magnetograms. The major findings of this study are the following. (1) The time profile of the coronal helicity shows a good correlation with that of the helicity accumulation by injection through the surface. (2) The coronal helicity of the AR is estimated to be -4.3 x 10(43) Mx(2) just before the X3.4 flare. (3) This flare is preceded not only by a large increase of negative helicity, -3.2 x 10(43) Mx(2), in the corona over similar to 1.5 days but also by noticeable injections of positive helicity through the photospheric surface around the flaring magnetic polarity inversion line during the time period of the channel structure development. We conjecture that the occurrence of the X3.4 flare is involved with the positive helicity injection into an existing system of negative helicity. C1 [Park, Sung-Hong; Jing, Ju; Wang, Haimin] New Jersey Inst Technol, Space Weather Res Lab, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Park, Sung-Hong] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Chae, Jongchul] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Program, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Chae, Jongchul] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, FPRD, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Tan, Changyi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Tan, Changyi] IMSG Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Park, SH (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Space Weather Res Lab, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd,101 Tiernan Hall, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM sp295@njit.edu RI Tan, Changyi/F-4786-2010; Park, Sung-Hong/K-1578-2014 OI Park, Sung-Hong/0000-0001-9149-6547 FU National Research Foundation of Korea [KRF-2008-220-C00022]; NSF [ATM 09-36665, ATM 07-16950, AGS-0745744]; DLR [50 OC 0501]; Office of Sponsored Program, NJIT; NASA [NNX08BA22G] FX We are grateful to the referee for helpful and constructive comments. The authors thank Dr. Yuhong Fan for sharing the code to determine the 3D vector potential, and Dr. Thomas Wiegelmann for providing the weighted optimization and preprocessing codes for NLFF field extrapolation. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and NSC (Norway). This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (KRF-2008-220-C00022). J.J. was supported by NSF under grants ATM 09-36665 and ATM 07-16950. C. T. was supported by DLR-grant 50 OC 0501 and the Office of Sponsored Program, NJIT. S.-H. P. and H. W. were supported by NSF grant AGS-0745744 and NASA grant NNX08BA22G. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 2 BP 1102 EP 1107 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/720/2/1102 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647ND UT WOS:000281624300013 ER PT J AU Ballantyne, AP Miller, JB Tans, PP AF Ballantyne, A. P. Miller, J. B. Tans, P. P. TI Apparent seasonal cycle in isotopic discrimination of carbon in the atmosphere and biosphere due to vapor pressure deficit SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID DIOXIDE FLUXES; C-13 CONTENT; CO2; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MODEL; DELTA-C-13; EXCHANGE; FOREST; AIR; ECOSYSTEMS AB We explore seasonal variability in isotopic fractionation by analyzing observational data from the atmosphere and the biosphere, as well as simulated data from a global model. Using simulated values of atmospheric CO2 and its carbon isotopic composition, we evaluated different methods for specifying background concentrations when calculating the isotopic signature of source CO2 (delta(s)) to the atmosphere. Based on this evaluation, we determined that free troposphere measurements should be used when available as a background reference when calculating delta(s) from boundary layer observations. We then estimate the seasonal distribution of delta(s) from monthly climatologies derived from several atmospheric sampling sites. This approach yields significant seasonal variations in delta(s) with more enriched values during the summer months that exceed the uncertainty of delta(s) estimated for any given month. Intra-annual measurements of delta C-13 in the cellulose of Pinus taeda growing in the southeastern U.S. also reveal seasonal isotopic variations that are consistent in phase but not necessarily amplitude with atmospherically derived estimates of delta(s). Coherent seasonal patterns in delta(s) inferred from the atmosphere and observed in the biosphere were not consistent with the seasonal isotopic discrimination simulated by a commonly used biosphere model. However, delta(s) seasonality consistent with observations from the atmosphere and biosphere was retrieved with a revised biosphere model when stomatal conductance, and thus isotopic discrimination, was allowed to vary in response to vapor pressure deficit rather than relative humidity. Therefore, in regions where vapor pressure deficit and relative humidity are positively covariant over the growth season, such as the sub-tropics, different stomatal conductance models may yield very different estimates of CO2 and H2O exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere. C1 [Ballantyne, A. P.; Miller, J. B.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ballantyne, AP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ashley.ballantyne@colorado.edu FU National Research Council FX This work benefited from insightful comments from Joe Berry and Graham Farquhar, as well as conversations with Chris Still, Kevin Tu, and David Bowling. We would also like to recognize the members of the Carbon Cycle Group at NOAA/ESRL for assistance during this project. Field assistance was provided by Jeffrey Pippen, and isotopic analyses of cellulose were performed at the Duke Environmental Isotope Laboratory. Estimates of leaf temperature as well as C3 and C4 terrestrial discrimination were provided by Neil Suits, Ian Baker, and Scott Denning. This work would not have been possible without the isotopic data measured and made available by Jim White and Bruce Vaughn at University of Colorado, INSTAAR, as well as sample collectors at NWR, UTA, ITN, and LEF. A.P.B. was supported by a National Research Council Fellowship. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB3018 DI 10.1029/2009GB003623 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 649GD UT WOS:000281755200001 ER PT J AU Mcgaw, EA Phinney, KW Lowenthal, MS AF McGaw, Elizabeth A. Phinney, Karen W. Lowenthal, Mark S. TI Comparison of orthogonal liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms for the determination of amino acid concentrations in human plasma SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Plasma; Amino acid; Liquid chromatography; Gas chromatography; Isotope dilution ID GC-MS; SERUM; METABOLISM; HOMOCYSTEINE; THIOLS AB Concentrations of amino acids in a human plasma pool were determined using four independent quantification methods. Orthogonal separation schemes (LC, GC, or GCxGC) and detection systems (triple quadrupole or time-of-flight mass spectrometry) are shown to demonstrate excellent consistency among platforms for quantifying 18 amino acids in NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1950 Metabolites in Human Plasma using a well-characterized isotope dilution (ID) quantification method. Measured levels were consistent with reference values in plasma from the literature. Individual amino acid concentrations in plasma varied by over an order of magnitude ranging from 1.83 mu g/g to 28.0 mu g/g (7.78 mu mol/L to 321 mu mol/L). Average variability (coefficient of variation) between experimental amino acid concentrations (excluding cysteine) among all methods was 6.3%. Certified mass fraction values for amino acids in NIST SRM 1950 will be established from statistically weighted means of all experimental results. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McGaw, Elizabeth A.; Phinney, Karen W.; Lowenthal, Mark S.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. RP Lowenthal, MS (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. EM elizabeth.mcgaw@nist.gov; mark.lowenthal@nist.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 1217 IS 37 BP 5822 EP 5831 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.025 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 654CZ UT WOS:000282147400012 PM 20696434 ER PT J AU Davis, S Hlavka, D Jensen, E Rosenlof, K Yang, QO Schmidt, S Borrmann, S Frey, W Lawson, P Voemel, H Bui, TP AF Davis, Sean Hlavka, Dennis Jensen, Eric Rosenlof, Karen Yang, Qiong Schmidt, Sebastian Borrmann, Stephan Frey, Wiebke Lawson, Paul Voemel, Holger Bui, T. P. TI In situ and lidar observations of tropopause subvisible cirrus clouds during TC4 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE MODELS; ICE CRYSTALS; NASA ER-2; PART I; AIRCRAFT AB During the Tropical Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling (TC4) experiment in July-August 2007, the NASA WB-57F and ER-2 aircraft made coordinated flights through a tropopause subvisible cirrus (SVC) layer off the Pacific Coast of Central America. The ER-2 aircraft was equipped with a remote sensing payload that included the cloud physics lidar (CPL). The WB-57F payload included cloud microphysical and trace gas measurements, and the aircraft made four vertical profiles through the SVC layer shortly after the ER-2 flew over. The in situ and remotely sensed data are used to quantify the meteorological and microphysical properties of the SVC layer, and these data are compared to the limited set of SVC measurements that have previously been made. It is found that the layer encountered was particularly tenuous, with optical depths (tau) between about 10(-4) and 10(-3). From the in situ and other meteorological data, radiative heating rate perturbations of similar to 0.05-0.1 K day(-1) are calculated. These heating rates are smaller than previous estimates for tropopause SVC, consistent with the smaller tau in the present study. Coverage statistics based on CPL data from other TC4 flights indicate that this cloud was not an outlier among the sampled population. SVC with properties similar to the one presented here are below the detection limit of space-based lidars such as CALIPSO, and a comparison with the TC4 statistics suggests that a majority (> 50%) of tropopause SVC (with tau < 0.01) could be unaccounted for in studies using CALIPSO data. C1 [Davis, Sean; Rosenlof, Karen] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davis, Sean] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hlavka, Dennis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jensen, Eric; Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Yang, Qiong] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schmidt, Sebastian] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Borrmann, Stephan; Frey, Wiebke] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphere, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Borrmann, Stephan] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Lawson, Paul] Stratton Pk Engn Co Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Voemel, Holger] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, Richard Assmann Observ, D-15848 Tauche, Lindenberg, Germany. RP Davis, S (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sean.davis@colorado.edu RI Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Frey, Wiebke/G-2058-2014; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Hlavka, Dennis/0000-0002-2976-7243; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Frey, Wiebke/0000-0003-4282-1264; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; FU NASA [NNX07AL20G]; NOAA FX The authors would like to acknowledge the efforts of the TC4 mission planners and instrument investigators, as well as the pilots and staff of the WB-57F and ER-2 aircraft. The authors would also like to acknowledge the CPL instrument team, led by P. I. Matt McGill. S. M. D. would like to thank Karl Froyd, Bob Portmann, and Anthony Bucholtz for helpful discussions and reviews. S. M. D. acknowledges support from Linnea Avallone under NASA Radiation Sciences Program grant NNX07AL20G, and the NOAA atmospheric composition and climate program. NR 53 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00J17 DI 10.1029/2009JD013093 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 649GH UT WOS:000281755600002 ER PT J AU Petropavlovskikh, I Ray, E Davis, SM Rosenlof, K Manney, G Shetter, R Hall, SR Ullmann, K Pfister, L Hair, J Fenn, M Avery, M Thompson, AM AF Petropavlovskikh, I. Ray, E. Davis, S. M. Rosenlof, K. Manney, G. Shetter, R. Hall, S. R. Ullmann, K. Pfister, L. Hair, J. Fenn, M. Avery, M. Thompson, A. M. TI Low-ozone bubbles observed in the tropical tropopause layer during the TC4 campaign in 2007 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COUNTERFLOW VIRTUAL IMPACTOR; AIR-MASS CHARACTERISTICS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; DEEP CONVECTION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; POLAR VORTEX; SATELLITE; CLIMATOLOGY; OZONESONDES AB In the summer of 2007, the NASA DC-8 aircraft took part in the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling campaign based in San Jose, Costa Rica. During this campaign, multiple in situ and remote-sensing instruments aboard the aircraft measured the atmospheric composition of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in the equatorial region around Central and South America. During the 17 July flight off the Ecuadorian coast, well-defined "bubbles" of anomalously low-ozone concentration (less than 75 ppbv) were detected above the aircraft in the TTL at the altitude near 365 K (between 14 and 16 km) and at similar to 3 degrees S and similar to 82 degrees W. Backward trajectories from meteorological analyses and the aircraft in situ measurements suggest that the ozone-depleted air mass originated from deep convection in the equatorial eastern Pacific and/or Panama Bight regions at least 5 days before observation by the DC-8; this was not a feature produced by local convection. Given uncertainties known in regard to trajectories calculated from global reanalysis, it is not possible to identify the exact convective system that produced this particular low-ozone anomaly, but only the general origin from a region of high convective activity. However, the fact that the feature apparently maintained its coherency for at least 5 days suggests a significant contribution to the chemical composition of the tropical upper troposphere portion of the TTL from convective systems followed by quasi-horizontal transport. It also suggests that mixing time scales for these relatively small spatial features are greater than 5 days. C1 [Petropavlovskikh, I.; Ray, E.; Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.; Ray, E.; Davis, S. M.; Rosenlof, K.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, GMD, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Manney, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Manney, G.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Shetter, R.; Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, ESSL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Pfister, L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hair, J.; Avery, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fenn, M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM irina.petro@noaa.gov; anne@met.psu.edu RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; FU NASA; Radiation Science Program; Tropospheric Chemistry Program FX This work was supported by the NASA Headquarters Atmospheric Composition Focus Area including the Upper Atmospheric Research Program (Michael Kurylo, program manager), the Radiation Science Program (Hal Maring, program manager), and the Tropospheric Chemistry Program (Jim Crawford, program manager). We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with R. McPeters (NASA, Goddard), K. Chance (Harvard University), and E. Hilsenrath (NASA Headquarters). We also emphasize the crucial contributions of the pilots and crew of the NASA DC-8 aircrafts. We extend our gratitude to mission scientists (Brian Toon and Dave Starr) and DC-8 platform scientists (Mark Schoeberl and Paul Wennberg) for planning and successfully executing the TC4 campaign. We greatly appreciate support from the Aura HIRDLS, OMI, and MLS teams for providing us with the coincident data. We extend our special thanks to J. Gille and S. Karol (HIRDLS, NCAR) for help with data quality, analysis, and discussion. We also thank Marc Kroon (OMI, KNMI) for help with the OMI DOAS data analysis, updates, and conscientious figures. The OMI-TOMS and OMI-DOAS total ozone data were obtained from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center, home of the GES Distributed Active Archive Center. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with NASA. We extend special thanks to Kurt Severance (NASA, Langley) and William Daffer (NASA, JPL) for help preparing the 3-D graphics in record short time. Finally, we acknowledge the hard work by Gary A. Morris (Valparaiso University) and Alex Bryan and David Lutz (Valparaiso University undergraduates), who were responsible for all 25 ozonesonde launches from Las Tablas. Without their effort, we would have no balloon data from Panama. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00J16 DI 10.1029/2009JD012804 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 649GH UT WOS:000281755600001 ER PT J AU Bertness, KA Sanders, AW Rourke, DM Harvey, TE Roshko, A Schlager, JB Sanford, NA AF Bertness, Kris A. Sanders, Aric W. Rourke, Devin M. Harvey, Todd E. Roshko, Alexana Schlager, John B. Sanford, Norman A. TI Controlled Nucleation of GaN Nanowires Grown with Molecular Beam Epitaxy SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The location of GaN nanowires is controlled with essentially perfect selectivity using patterned SiN(x) prior to molecular beam epitaxy growth. Nanowire growth is uniform within mask openings and absent on the mask surface for over 95% of the usable area of a 76 mm diameter substrate. The diameters of the resulting nanowires are controlled by the size of the mask openings. Openings of approximately 500 nm or less produce single nanowires with symmetrically faceted tips. C1 [Bertness, Kris A.; Sanders, Aric W.; Rourke, Devin M.; Harvey, Todd E.; Roshko, Alexana; Schlager, John B.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), NIST, Mail Stop 815-04,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bertness@boulder.nist.gov FU DARPA [HR0011-06-1-0048] FX This work was partially supported by the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPA N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (HR0011-06-1-0048) (Dr. D. L. Polla, Program Manager). Contribution of an agency of the U. S. government; not subject to copyright. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 17 BP 2911 EP 2915 DI 10.1002/adfm.201000381 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 655XF UT WOS:000282288600018 ER PT J AU Yu, FQ Luo, G Bates, TS Anderson, B Clarke, A Kapustin, V Yantosca, RM Wang, YX Wu, SL AF Yu, Fangqun Luo, Gan Bates, Timothy S. Anderson, Bruce Clarke, Antony Kapustin, Vladimir Yantosca, Robert M. Wang, Yuxuan Wu, Shiliang TI Spatial distributions of particle number concentrations in the global troposphere: Simulations, observations, and implications for nucleation mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ION-MEDIATED NUCLEATION; ACID-WATER NUCLEATION; SULFURIC-ACID; AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; RATES; EMISSIONS AB Particle number concentration in the troposphere is an important parameter controlling the climate and health impacts of atmospheric aerosols. We show that nucleation rates and total particle number concentrations in the troposphere, predicted by different nucleation schemes, differ significantly. Our extensive comparisons of simulated results with land-, ship-, and aircraft-based measurements indicate that, among six widely used nucleation schemes involving sulfuric acid, only the ion-mediated nucleation (IMN) scheme can reasonably account for both absolute values (within a factor of similar to 2) and spatial distributions of particle number concentrations in the whole troposphere. Binary homogeneous nucleation (BHN) schemes significantly underpredict particle number concentration in the lower troposphere (below similar to 500 mbar), especially in the boundary layer over major continents (by a factor of up to similar to 10). BHN is also insignificant in the upper troposphere based on a recent kinetically self-consistent nucleation model constrained by multiple independent laboratory data. Previous conclusions about the importance of BHN in the upper troposphere should be revisited. Empirical activation and kinetic nucleation formulas significantly overpredict the particle number concentrations over tropical and subtropical oceans (by a factor of up to similar to 10 in the boundary layer), and the overpredictions extend from ocean surface to around similar to 400 mbar. This study represents the first comprehensive comparison of global particle number simulations with relevant measurements that have a 3-D global spatial coverage. Our results suggest that ion-mediated H2SO4-H2O nucleation appears to dominate over neutral H2SO4-H2O nucleation, not only in the lower troposphere but also in the middle and upper troposphere. C1 [Yu, Fangqun; Luo, Gan] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Anderson, Bruce] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Bates, Timothy S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Clarke, Antony; Kapustin, Vladimir] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Yuxuan] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wu, Shiliang] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wu, Shiliang] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Yantosca, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yu, FQ (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM yfq@asrc.cestm.albany.edu RI Yu, Fangqun/F-3708-2011; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016 OI Yu, Fangqun/0000-0003-0874-4883; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; FU NSF [AGS-0942106]; NASA [NNX08AK48G]; EPA [R83428601] FX This study is supported by the NSF under grant AGS-0942106 and by NASA under grant NNX08AK48G. S.W. acknowledges funding support from EPA grant R83428601. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support from the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. NR 60 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D17205 DI 10.1029/2009JD013473 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 649GG UT WOS:000281755500006 ER PT J AU Song, YJ Otte, AF Kuk, Y Hu, YK Torrance, DB First, PN de Heer, WA Min, HK Adam, S Stiles, MD MacDonald, AH Stroscio, JA AF Song, Young Jae Otte, Alexander F. Kuk, Young Hu, Yike Torrance, David B. First, Phillip N. de Heer, Walt A. Min, Hongki Adam, Shaffique Stiles, Mark D. MacDonald, Allan H. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI High-resolution tunnelling spectroscopy of a graphene quartet SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HIGH LANDAU-LEVELS; ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MASS; GAS AB Electrons in a single sheet of graphene behave quite differently from those in traditional two-dimensional electron systems. Like massless relativistic particles, they have linear dispersion and chiral eigenstates. Furthermore, two sets of electrons centred at different points in reciprocal space ('valleys') have this dispersion, giving rise to valley degeneracy. The symmetry between valleys, together with spin symmetry, leads to a fourfold quartet degeneracy of the Landau levels, observed as peaks in the density of states produced by an applied magnetic field. Recent electron transport measurements have observed the lifting of the fourfold degeneracy in very large applied magnetic fields, separating the quartet into integer(1-4) and, more recently, fractional(5,6) levels. The exact nature of the broken-symmetry states that form within the Landau levels and lift these degeneracies is unclear at present and is a topic of intense theoretical debate(7-11). Here we study the detailed features of the four quantum states that make up a degenerate graphene Landau level. We use high-resolution scanning tunnelling spectroscopy at temperatures as low as 10 mK in an applied magnetic field to study the top layer of multilayer epitaxial graphene. When the Fermi level lies inside the fourfold Landau manifold, significant electron correlation effects result in an enhanced valley splitting for even filling factors, and an enhanced electron spin splitting for odd filling factors. Most unexpectedly, we observe states with Landau level filling factors of 7/2, 9/2 and 11/2, suggestive of new many-body states in graphene. C1 [Song, Young Jae; Otte, Alexander F.; Min, Hongki; Adam, Shaffique; Stiles, Mark D.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Song, Young Jae; Otte, Alexander F.; Min, Hongki] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kuk, Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 1517474, South Korea. [Hu, Yike; Torrance, David B.; First, Phillip N.; de Heer, Walt A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [MacDonald, Allan H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Stroscio, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.stroscio@nist.gov RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Otte, Sander/A-4838-2013; Song, Young Jae/A-5422-2013; OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Otte, Sander/0000-0003-0781-8537; Song, Young Jae/0000-0001-6172-3817; Min, Hongki/0000-0001-5043-2432 FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF- 2006-214-C00022]; NSF [DMR-0820382 [MRSEC], DMR-0804908, DMR-0606489]; Welch Foundation; Semiconductor Research Corporation FX We thank N. Zhitenev for discussions, S. Blankenship, A. Band and F. Hess for their technical contributions to the construction of the millikelvin scanning probe microscopy system, V. Shvarts for his advice on cryogenics and U. D. Ham for instructions on making silver probe tips. This work was supported in part by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF- 2006-214-C00022), the NSF (DMR-0820382 [MRSEC], DMR-0804908, DMR-0606489), the Welch Foundation and the Semiconductor Research Corporation (NRI-INDEX programme). NR 30 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 87 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 467 IS 7312 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1038/nature09330 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 647KB UT WOS:000281616300029 PM 20829790 ER PT J AU Gerrits, T Glancy, S Clement, TS Calkins, B Lita, AE Miller, AJ Migdall, AL Nam, SW Mirin, RP Knill, E AF Gerrits, Thomas Glancy, Scott Clement, Tracy S. Calkins, Brice Lita, Adriana E. Miller, Aaron J. Migdall, Alan L. Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. Knill, Emanuel TI Generation of optical coherent-state superpositions by number-resolved photon subtraction from the squeezed vacuum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCHRODINGER CATS; QUANTUM AB We have created heralded coherent-state superpositions (CSSs) by subtracting up to three photons frompulse of squeezed vacuum light. To produce such CSSs at a sufficient rate, we used our high-efficiency photon-number-resolving transition edge sensor to detect the subtracted photons. This experiment is enabled by and utilizes the full photon-number-resolving capabilities of this detector. The CSS produced by three-photon subtraction had a mean-photon number of 2.75(-0.24)(+0.06) and a fidelity of 0.59(-0.14)(+0.04) with an ideal CSS. This confirms that subtracting more photons results in higher- amplitude CSSs. C1 [Gerrits, Thomas; Glancy, Scott; Clement, Tracy S.; Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana E.; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.; Knill, Emanuel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, Aaron J.] Albion Coll, Albion, MI 49224 USA. [Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program FX This work was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program. T. G. thanks P. Grangier and A. Ourjoumtsev for discussions. This is a contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, not subject to copyright. NR 21 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 031802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.031802 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 647YV UT WOS:000281657700002 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Garcia, K Compton, RL Lin, YJ Phillips, WD Porto, JV Spielman, IB AF Jimenez-Garcia, K. Compton, R. L. Lin, Y. -J. Phillips, W. D. Porto, J. V. Spielman, I. B. TI Phases of a Two-Dimensional Bose Gas in an Optical Lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSULATOR TRANSITION; BOSONIC ATOMS; SUPERFLUID; MOTT AB Ultracold atoms in optical lattices realize simple condensed matter models. We create an ensemble of approximate to 60 harmonically trapped 2D Bose-Hubbard systems from a (87)Rb Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice and use a magnetic resonance imaging approach to select a few 2D systems for study, thereby eliminating ensemble averaging. Our identification of the transition from superfluid to Mott insulator, as a function of both atom density and lattice depth, is in excellent agreement with a universal state diagram [M. Rigol et al., Phys. Rev. A 79 053605 (2009)] suitable for our trapped system. In agreement with theory, our data suggest a failure of the local density approximation in the transition region. C1 [Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Compton, R. L.; Lin, Y. -J.; Phillips, W. D.; Porto, J. V.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Compton, R. L.; Lin, Y. -J.; Phillips, W. D.; Porto, J. V.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.] CINVESTAV IPN, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Jimenez-Garcia, K (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov RI Lin, Yu-Ju/F-7917-2012 FU ONR; ARO with DARPA; NSF through JQI Physics Frontier Center FX We appreciate enlightening conversations with C. Chin and J. K. Freericks; and we thank K. Mahmud and R. T. Scalettar for discussions and for sharing their QMC data (reproduced in Fig. 1). This work was partially supported by grants from the ONR, the ARO with funding from the DARPA OLE program, and the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center; K. J. G. thanks CONACYT and R. L. C. thanks the NIST/NRC program. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 9 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 11 AR 110401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.110401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 647ZN UT WOS:000281659500001 PM 20867555 ER PT J AU Salleo, A Kline, RJ DeLongchamp, DM Chabinyc, ML AF Salleo, Alberto Kline, R. Joseph DeLongchamp, Dean M. Chabinyc, Michael L. TI Microstructural Characterization and Charge Transport in Thin Films of Conjugated Polymers SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DISORDERED ORGANIC-SOLIDS; PHOTOTHERMAL DEFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSFORM PHOTOCURRENT SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMER; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HAIRY-ROD POLYFLUORENE AB The performance of semiconducting polymers has been steadily increasing in the last 20 years. Improved control over the microstructure of these materials and a deeper understanding of how the microstructure affects charge transport are partially responsible for such trend. The development and widespread use of techniques that allow to characterize the microstructure of semiconducting polymers is therefore instrumental for the advance of these materials. This article is a review of the characterization techniques that provide information used to enhance the understanding of structure/property relationships in semiconducting polymers. In particular, the applications of optical and X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning probe techniques in this context are described. C1 [Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Salleo, Alberto] Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. [Chabinyc, Michael L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Salleo, A (reprint author), 476 Lomita Mall,239 McCullough Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM asalleo@stanford.edu RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Chabinyc, Michael/E-2387-2011 FU National Science Foundation FX Dan A. Fischer (NIST) and Michael F. Toney (SLAC) are acknowledged for essential contributions enabling the quantitative application of NEXAFS and synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction methods to organic semiconductors. A. S. acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation (CAREER Award) as well as helpful correspondence with Frank Spano (Temple University). This article is part of a Special Issue on Organic Electronics. NR 228 TC 269 Z9 269 U1 23 U2 221 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 8 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 34 BP 3812 EP 3838 DI 10.1002/adma.200903712 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 662FU UT WOS:000282793600005 PM 20607787 ER PT J AU Xu, JJ Powell, AM AF Xu, Jianjun Powell, Alfred M., Jr. TI Ensemble spread and its implication for the evaluation of temperature trends from multiple radiosondes and reanalyses products SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY; DATASETS; BIAS AB Based on the ensemble spread, a methodology of measuring uncertainty in weather forecasts, the temperature trend and spread have been estimated using five radiosonde data sets and seven reanalysis products beginning in 1989. The results show that the magnitude of warming or cooling depends on the data sources, atmospheric heights, and geophysical latitudes. Over low-middle latitudes, the cooling varies from -2.6 K/decade in NCEP-DOE to -0.8 K/decade in HADAT2 in the lower stratosphere. The warming weakly changes from 0.2 through 0.4 K/decade in the middle troposphere. Over Antarctica, there is a pronounced warming in the low-middle troposphere in the three NCEP reanalyses and the RATPAC radiosonde data sets, and cooling in the other eight products. Over the Arctic, the warming is observed from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere in all twelve data sets. Significant cooling is identified over the middle stratosphere (above 50 hPa) in all five radiosondes. For global mean temperature, the trend is approximately 0.2 K/decade in the troposphere and -0.8 K/decade in the stratosphere. The spread increases significantly with atmospheric height from approximately 0.1 K/decade at 850hPa to 0.8 K/decade at 30hPa. The spread in the reanalysis data sets is much larger than in the radiosondes in the stratosphere. In contrast, the spread in both the reanalysis and radiosondes data sets is very small and shows the trend in better agreement with each other in the troposphere. Citation: Xu, J., and A. M. Powell Jr. (2010), Ensemble spread and its implication for the evaluation of temperature trends from multiple radiosondes and reanalyses products, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L17704, doi:10.1029/2010GL044300. C1 [Xu, Jianjun] NOAA, NESDIS, IMSG, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, IMSG, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jianjun.xu@noaa.gov; al.powell@noaa.gov RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS); Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX The NCEP-NCAR, NCEP-DOE and NCEP-CFSR reanalysis data were obtained from NCDC. The ERA-40 and ERA-interim reanalysis data were obtained from the ECMWF; JRA-25 reanalysis was obtained from Japan Meteorological Agency: MERRA reanalysis was obtained from NASA. The HADAT2, RAOBCORE and RICH radiosonde data sets were obtained from the Met Office Hadley Centre website and RATPAC was obtained from NOAA. The authors would like to thank these agencies for providing the data. Special thanks to S.C. Sherwood for providing the IUK radiosonde data and Susan Callis for the manuscript editing. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 8 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L17704 DI 10.1029/2010GL044300 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 649FX UT WOS:000281754600001 ER PT J AU Andrews, KS Williams, GD Levin, PS AF Andrews, Kelly S. Williams, Greg D. Levin, Phillip S. TI Seasonal and Ontogenetic Changes in Movement Patterns of Sixgill Sharks SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; JUVENILE LEMON SHARKS; HEXANCHUS-GRISEUS; WHITE SHARKS; PUGET-SOUND; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; HOME-RANGE; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; ALOPIAS-SUPERCILIOSUS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS AB Background: Understanding movement patterns is fundamental to population and conservation biology. The way an animal moves through its environment influences the dynamics of local populations and will determine how susceptible it is to natural or anthropogenic perturbations. It is of particular interest to understand the patterns of movement for species which are susceptible to human activities (e.g. fishing), or that exert a large influence on community structure, such as sharks. Methodology/Principal Findings: We monitored the patterns of movement of 34 sixgill sharks Hexanchus griseus using two large-scale acoustic arrays inside and outside Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Sixgill sharks were residents in Puget Sound for up to at least four years before making large movements out of the estuary. Within Puget Sound, sixgills inhabited sites for several weeks at a time and returned to the same sites annually. Across four years, sixgills had consistent seasonal movements in which they moved to the north from winter to spring and moved to the south from summer to fall. Just prior to leaving Puget Sound, sixgills altered their behavior and moved twice as fast among sites. Nineteen of the thirty-four sixgills were detected leaving Puget Sound for the outer coast. Three of these sharks returned to Puget Sound. Conclusions/Significance: For most large marine predators, we have a limited understanding of how they move through their environment, and this clouds our ability to successfully manage their populations and their communities. With detailed movement information, such as that being uncovered with acoustic monitoring, we can begin to quantify the spatial and temporal impacts of large predators within the framework of their ecosystems. C1 [Andrews, Kelly S.; Williams, Greg D.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Andrews, KS (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM kelly.andrews@noaa.gov OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 FU United States Department of Commerce, Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX This work was funded through United States Department of Commerce base funds for the Integrated Marine Ecology (IME) team at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Other than members of the IME team, funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 8 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12549 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012549 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 648IV UT WOS:000281687100004 PM 20838617 ER PT J AU Freed, KF Dudowicz, J Stukalin, EB Douglas, JF AF Freed, Karl F. Dudowicz, Jacek Stukalin, Evgeny B. Douglas, Jack F. TI General approach to polymer chains confined by interacting boundaries SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE diffusion; eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; macromolecules; polymers; thermodynamic properties ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EXCLUDED-VOLUME; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANSLOCATION; CONFORMATION; PORES; FILMS; MACROMOLECULES; INTERFACE AB Polymer chains, confined to cavities or polymer layers with dimensions less than the chain radius of gyration, appear in many phenomena, such as gel chromatography, rubber elasticity, viscolelasticity of high molar mass polymer melts, the translocation of polymers through nanopores and nanotubes, polymer adsorption, etc. Thus, the description of how the constraints alter polymer thermodynamic properties is a recurrent theoretical problem. A realistic treatment requires the incorporation of impenetrable interacting (attractive or repulsive) boundaries, a process that introduces significant mathematical complications. The standard approach involves developing the generalized diffusion equation description of the interaction of flexible polymers with impenetrable confining surfaces into a discrete eigenfunction expansion, where the solutions are normally truncated at the first mode (the "ground state dominance" approximation). This approximation is mathematically well justified under conditions of strong confinement, i.e., a confinement length scale much smaller than the chain radius of gyration, but becomes unreliable when the polymers are confined to dimensions comparable to their typically nanoscale size. We extend a general approach to describe polymers under conditions of weak to moderate confinement and apply this semianalytic method specifically to determine the thermodynamics and static structure factor for a flexible polymer confined between impenetrable interacting parallel plate boundaries. The method is first illustrated by analyzing chain partitioning between a pore and a large external reservoir, a model system with application to chromatography. Improved agreement is found for the partition coefficients of a polymer chain in the pore geometry. An expression is derived for the structure factor S(k) in a slit geometry to assist in more accurately estimating chain dimensions from scattering measurements for thin polymer films. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3475520] C1 [Freed, Karl F.; Dudowicz, Jacek] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Freed, Karl F.; Dudowicz, Jacek] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Stukalin, Evgeny B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Freed, KF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM freed@uchicago.edu RI Stukalin, Evgeny/C-3313-2008 FU NSF [CHE-0749788] FX We are grateful Professor Chi Wu for helpful discussions. The paper is supported, in part, by NSF Grant No. CHE-0749788. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 7 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 9 AR 094901 DI 10.1063/1.3475520 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 649BX UT WOS:000281742900027 PM 20831332 ER PT J AU Spurlin, TA Forry, SP Cooksey, GA Plant, AL AF Spurlin, Tighe A. Forry, Samuel P. Cooksey, Gregory A. Plant, Anne L. TI Characterization of Collagen Fibrils Films Formed on Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces for Microfluidic Applications SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION; FLUID SHEAR-STRESS; THIN-FILMS; IN-VITRO; CULTURE; DEVICES; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SUBSTRATE; STIFFNESS AB Type I collagen fibrillar thin films have been prepared on hydrophobic recovered poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces and inside of irreversibly sealed PDMS microfluidie devices. Fibrillar films prepared on PDMS surfaces have been characterized with optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy and compared with films prepared using more traditional bulk methods on thiol-coated gold substrates. Collagen fibril films formed after 18 h of incubation on PDMS surfaces were observed to have similar underlying film thicknesses (15 nm), fibril size (67 nm), fibril coverage (45%), and physiologically supermolecular structure when compared to films on gold substrates. Collagen fibrils formed within devices were also determined to be usable across physiologically relevant cell perfusion rates. To validate the utility of these collagen fibril thin films for cell culture applications, vascular smooth muscle cells are shown to attach to collagen fibrils and exhibit cell spread areas equivalent to those seen on collagen fibrils created via bulk cell culture methods on thiol-coated gold substrates. These results extend the use and benefits of collagen fibril thin films into microlluidic-based cellular studies. C1 [Spurlin, Tighe A.; Forry, Samuel P.; Cooksey, Gregory A.; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spurlin, TA (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tighe.spurlin@nist.gov NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 7 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 17 BP 14111 EP 14117 DI 10.1021/la102150s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 644DX UT WOS:000281354000055 PM 20666411 ER PT J AU Parks, HV Faller, JE AF Parks, Harold V. Faller, James E. TI Simple Pendulum Determination of the Gravitational Constant SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; TORSION BALANCE AB We determined the Newtonian constant of gravitation G by interferometrically measuring the change in spacing between two free-hanging pendulum masses caused by the gravitational field from large tungsten source masses. We find a value for G of (6.67234 +/- 0.00014) x 10(-11) m(3) kg(-1) s(-2). This value is in good agreement with the 1986 Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) value of (6.672 59 +/- 0.00085) x 10(-11) m(3) kg(-1) s(-2) [Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1121 (1987)] but differs from some more recent determinations as well as the latest CODATA recommendation of (6.67428 +/- 0.00067) x 10(-11) m(3) kg(-1) s(-2) [Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 633 (2008)]. C1 [Parks, Harold V.; Faller, James E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Parks, Harold V.; Faller, James E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Parks, Harold V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Parks, HV (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hvparks@sandia.gov FU National Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Douglas S. Robertson for writing software to provide an independent check of our gravity field calculations as well as Hans Green, Blaine Horner, and Alan Patee for creating the apparatus. We also thank Terry Quinn and Richard Davis for many helpful discussions. H.P. is grateful to the National Research Council for financial support. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 14 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 11 AR 110801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.110801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 647UO UT WOS:000281645200002 PM 20867560 ER PT J AU Bennett, DA Horansky, RD Hoover, AS Hoteling, NJ Rabin, MW Schmidt, DR Swetz, DS Vale, LR Ullom, JN AF Bennett, D. A. Horansky, R. D. Hoover, A. S. Hoteling, N. J. Rabin, M. W. Schmidt, D. R. Swetz, D. S. Vale, L. R. Ullom, J. N. TI An analytical model for pulse shape and electrothermal stability in two-body transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB High-resolution superconducting gamma-ray sensors show potential for the more accurate analysis of nuclear material. These devices are part of a larger class of microcalorimeters and bolometers based on transition edge sensors (TESs) that have two distinct thermal bodies. We derive the time domain behavior of the current and temperature for compound TES devices in the small signal limit and demonstrate the utility of these equations for device design and characterization. In particular, we use the model to fit pulses from our gamma-ray microcalorimeters and demonstrate how critical damping and electrothermal stability can be predicted. [doi :10.1063/1.3486477] C1 [Bennett, D. A.; Horansky, R. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Swetz, D. S.; Vale, L. R.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hoover, A. S.; Hoteling, N. J.; Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bennett, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM douglas.bennett@nist.gov RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Verification FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Verification. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 6 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 10 AR 102504 DI 10.1063/1.3486477 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 658GP UT WOS:000282478800026 ER PT J AU Leduc, HG Bumble, B Day, PK Eom, BH Gao, JS Golwala, S Mazin, BA McHugh, S Merrill, A Moore, DC Noroozian, O Turner, AD Zmuidzinas, J AF Leduc, Henry G. Bumble, Bruce Day, Peter K. Eom, Byeong Ho Gao, Jiansong Golwala, Sunil Mazin, Benjamin A. McHugh, Sean Merrill, Andrew Moore, David C. Noroozian, Omid Turner, Anthony D. Zmuidzinas, Jonas TI Titanium nitride films for ultrasensitive microresonator detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; LIFETIMES; TIN AB Titanium nitride (TiN(x)) films are ideal for use in superconducting microresonator detectors for the following reasons: (a) the critical temperature varies with composition (0 < T(c) <5 K); (b) the normal-state resistivity is large, p(n) similar to 100 mu Omega cm, facilitating efficient photon absorption and providing a large kinetic inductance and detector responsivity; and (c) TiN films are very hard and mechanically robust. Resonators using reactively sputtered TiN films show remarkably low loss (Q(i)>10(7)) and have noise properties similar to resonators made using other materials, while the quasiparticle lifetimes are reasonably long, 10-200 mu s. TiN microresonators should therefore reach sensitivities well below 10(-19) W Hz(-1/2). (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3480420] C1 [Eom, Byeong Ho; Golwala, Sunil; Moore, David C.; Noroozian, Omid; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Leduc, Henry G.; Bumble, Bruce; Day, Peter K.; Turner, Anthony D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, Jiansong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mazin, Benjamin A.; McHugh, Sean; Merrill, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Zmuidzinas, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jonas@caltech.edu RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011; Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114; Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GC71G, NNX10AC83G]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The devices used in this work were fabricated at the JPL Microdevices Laboratory. This work was supported in part by NASA grants NNG06GC71G and NNX10AC83G, JPL, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 27 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 6 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 10 AR 102509 DI 10.1063/1.3480420 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 658GP UT WOS:000282478800031 ER PT J AU Li, D da Silva, FCS Braje, DA Simmonds, RW Pappas, DP AF Li, Dale da Silva, Fabio C. S. Braje, Danielle A. Simmonds, Raymond W. Pappas, David P. TI Remote sensing and control of phase qubits SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate a remote sensing design of phase qubits by separating the control and readout circuits from the qubit loop. This design improves measurement reliability because the control readout chip can be fabricated using more robust materials and can be reused to test different qubit chips. Typical qubit measurements such as Rabi oscillations, spectroscopy, and excited-state energy relaxation are presented. [doi:10.1063/1.3488804] C1 [Li, Dale; da Silva, Fabio C. S.; Braje, Danielle A.; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Pappas, David P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dale.li@boulder.nist.gov FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI); Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) FX This research was funded in part by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and by Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). All statements of fact, opinion or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the official views or policies of IARPA, the ODNI, or the U.S. Government, Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 6 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 10 AR 102507 DI 10.1063/1.3488804 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 658GP UT WOS:000282478800029 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Wang, CZ Enfield, DB AF Lee, Sang-Ki Wang, Chunzai Enfield, David B. TI On the impact of central Pacific warming events on Atlantic tropical storm activity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; RECENT INCREASE; RAINFALL; POOL; CYCLOGENESIS; CLIMATE; SUMMER; ENSO AB A recent study by Kim et al. (2009) claim that central Pacific warming (CPW) events in 1969, 1991, 1994, 2002 and 2004 are associated with a greater-than-average frequency of tropical storms and increasing landfall potential along the Gulf of Mexico coast and Central America. Based on an independent data analysis of tropical cyclone activity in the five CPW years, it is shown here that only 1969, 2002 and 2004 were characterized with significantly greater-than-average cyclone activity in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, whereas 1991 and 1994 were characterized with significantly lower-than-average activity. Coincidently, the Atlantic warm pool (AWP) was significantly larger than average during 1969 and 2004, and significantly smaller than average during 1991 and 1994. By performing multiple sets of ensemble model experiments using the NCAR atmospheric general circulation model, it is shown here that the increased tropical storm frequency in 1969 and 2004 can be readily explained by a large AWP and the associated vertical wind shear reduction and enhanced moist convective instability in the main development region for Atlantic hurricanes, without invoking a remote influence from the tropical Pacific. Therefore, we conclude that it is premature to associate CPW events to an increasing frequency of cyclone activity in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Citation: Lee, S.-K., C. Wang, and D. B. Enfield (2010), On the impact of central Pacific warming events on Atlantic tropical storm activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L17702, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044459. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Wang, Chunzai; Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. EM Sang-Ki.Lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office FX We wish to thank two anonymous reviewers, Hye-Mi Kim, Peter Webster, Judith Curry, Matthew Widlansky, and Frank Marks for thoughtful comments and suggestions. We are also indebted to Robert Atlas for his encouragement and support for the publication of this work. This work was supported by a grant from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L17702 DI 10.1029/2010GL044459 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 646VY UT WOS:000281573300002 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZB Platnick, S Yang, P Heidinger, AK Comstock, JM AF Zhang, Zhibo Platnick, Steven Yang, Ping Heidinger, Andrew K. Comstock, Jennifer M. TI Effects of ice particle size vertical inhomogeneity on the passive remote sensing of ice clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DROPLET EFFECTIVE RADIUS; BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MU-M WINDOW; CIRRUS CLOUDS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; TROPICAL CIRRUS; RESOLUTION; RETRIEVAL; MODIS; PARAMETERIZATION AB The solar reflectance bi-spectral (SRBS) and infrared split-window (IRSpW) methods are two of the most popular techniques for passive ice cloud property retrievals from multispectral imagers. Ice clouds are usually assumed to be vertically homogeneous in global operational algorithms based on these methods, although significant vertical variations of ice particle size are typically observed in ice clouds. In this study we investigate uncertainties in retrieved optical thickness, effective particle size, and ice water path introduced by a homogeneous cloud assumption in both the SRBS and IRSpW methods, and focus on whether the assumption can lead to significant discrepancies between the two methods. The study simulates the upwelling spectral radiance associated with vertically structured clouds and passes the results through representative SRBS and IRSpW retrieval algorithms. Cloud optical thickness is limited to values for which IRSpW retrievals are possible (optical thickness less than about 7). When the ice cloud is optically thin and yet has a significant ice particle size vertical variation, it is found that both methods tend to underestimate the effective radius and ice water path. The reason for the underestimation is the nonlinear dependence of ice particle scattering properties (extinction and single scattering albedo) on the effective radius. Because the nonlinearity effect is stronger in the IRSpW than the SRBS method, the IRSpW-based IWP tends to be smaller than the SRBS counterpart. When the ice cloud is moderately optically thick, the IRSpW method is relatively insensitive to cloud vertical structure and effective radius retrieval is weighted toward smaller ice particle size, while the weighting function makes the SRBS method more sensitive to the ice particle size in the upper portion of the cloud. As a result, when ice particle size increases monotonically toward cloud base, the two methods are in qualitative agreement; in the event that ice particle size decreases toward cloud base, the effective radius and ice water path retrievals based on the SRBS method are substantially larger than those from the IRSpW. The main findings of this study suggest that the homogenous cloud assumption can affect the SRBS and IRSpW methods to different extents and, consequently, can lead to significantly different retrievals. Therefore caution should be taken when comparing and combining the ice cloud property retrievals from these two methods. C1 [Zhang, Zhibo] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Comstock, Jennifer M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhang, ZB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, 5523 Res Pk Dr,Ste 320, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM zzbatmos@umbc.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Zhang, Zhibo/D-1710-2010; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Zhang, Zhibo/0000-0001-9491-1654; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NASA [NNX08AP57G]; DOE FX This work was funded in part by NASA's Radiation Sciences Program. P. Yang acknowledges NASA support (NNX08AP57G). The contribution from J. M. Comstock was supported by the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. The authors thank the two reviewers for their insightful comments, questions, and suggestions, which have helped to improve this manuscript. NR 72 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D17203 DI 10.1029/2010JD013835 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646WE UT WOS:000281574000006 ER PT J AU Werner, SA Klein, AG AF Werner, Samuel A. Klein, Anthony G. TI Observation of Aharonov-Bohm effects by neutron interferometry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aharonov-Bohm Effect and Berry Phase 50/25 Anniversary CY DEC 14-15, 2009 CL Bristol Univ, Bristol, ENGLAND HO Bristol Univ ID LONGITUDINALLY POLARIZED NEUTRONS; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; FEW-NUCLEON SYSTEMS; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; EARTHS ROTATION; PHASE-SHIFT; ELECTROMAGNETIC POTENTIALS; SPINNING PARTICLES; DYNAMICAL PHASES; CLASSICAL LAG AB The special and unique techniques of neutron interferometry have been used to observe a number of topological effects. These include the quantum mechanical phase shift of a neutron due to the Earth's rotation (the quantum analog of the Michelson-Gale-Pearson experiment with light), the phase shift of a particle carrying a magnetic moment (a neutron) encircling a line charge (the Aharonov-Casher effect) and the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect, observed with a pulsed magnetic field solenoid and time-of-flight neutron detection. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Aharonov-Bohm paper, we provide an overview of the neutron interferometry technique and a description of these three historic experiments. C1 [Werner, Samuel A.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Klein, Anthony G.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Werner, SA (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sam.werner@verizon.net NR 89 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD SEP 3 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 35 AR 354006 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/43/35/354006 PG 33 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 637VS UT WOS:000280847400007 ER PT J AU Griffith, E Calhoun, M Thomas, E Averyt, K Erhardt, A Bralower, T Lyle, M Olivarez-Lyle, A Paytan, A AF Griffith, Elizabeth Calhoun, Michael Thomas, Ellen Averyt, Kristen Erhardt, Andrea Bralower, Timothy Lyle, Mitch Olivarez-Lyle, Annette Paytan, Adina TI Export productivity and carbonate accumulation in the Pacific Basin at the transition from a greenhouse to icehouse climate (late Eocene to early Oligocene) SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DRILLING PROJECT LEG-85; SOUTHERN INDIAN-OCEAN; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MARINE BARITE; ANTARCTIC GLACIATION; CALCITE COMPENSATION; MIDDLE EOCENE; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY; CENOZOIC GLACIATION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN AB The late Eocene through earliest Oligocene (40-32 Ma) spans a major transition from greenhouse to icehouse climate, with net cooling and expansion of Antarctic glaciation shortly after the Eocene/Oligocene (E/O) boundary. We investigated the response of the oceanic biosphere to these changes by reconstructing barite and CaCO(3) accumulation rates in sediments from the equatorial and North Pacific Ocean. These data allow us to evaluate temporal and geographical variability in export production and CaCO(3) preservation. Barite accumulation rates were on average higher in the warmer late Eocene than in the colder early Oligocene, but cool periods within the Eocene were characterized by peaks in both barite and CaCO(3) accumulation in the equatorial region. We infer that climatic changes not only affected deep ocean ventilation and chemistry, but also had profound effects on surface water characteristics influencing export productivity. The ratio of CaCO(3) to barite accumulation rates, representing the ratio of particulate inorganic C accumulation to Corg export, increased dramatically at the E/O boundary. This suggests that long-term drawdown of atmospheric CO(2) due to organic carbon deposition to the seafloor decreased, potentially offsetting decreasing pCO(2) levels and associated cooling. The relatively larger increase in CaCO(3) accumulation compared to export production at the E/O suggests that the permanent deepening of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) at that time stems primarily from changes in deep water chemistry and not from increased carbonate production. C1 [Griffith, Elizabeth; Calhoun, Michael; Averyt, Kristen; Erhardt, Andrea; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Averyt, Kristen] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bralower, Timothy] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Griffith, Elizabeth] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Lyle, Mitch; Olivarez-Lyle, Annette] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Thomas, Ellen] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Calhoun, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM apaytan@ucsc.edu RI Thomas, Ellen/E-5573-2011 OI Thomas, Ellen/0000-0002-7141-9904 FU JOI-NSF [OCE-9905362, OCE-0352756]; AMC; NSF [OCE-07253011] FX We would like to thank Bob Jones and Ellen Gray for help with laboratory work and constructive discussion. This work was funded by JOI-NSF grants OCE-9905362 and OCE-0352756 to A. P. M. C. was supported by an AMC student fellowship, E. G. was supported in part by NSF graduate research fellowship. M. L. and A.O.-L. were supported by NSF grant OCE-07253011. E. G. and M. C. contributed equally to the manuscript; each worked on samples from a different Leg. NR 101 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD SEP 3 PY 2010 VL 25 AR PA3212 DI 10.1029/2010PA001932 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 647QO UT WOS:000281633900001 ER PT J AU Peri, SR Habersberger, B Akgun, B Jiang, H Enlow, J Bunning, TJ Majkrzak, CF Foster, MD AF Peri, Someswara R. Habersberger, Brian Akgun, Bulent Jiang, Hao Enlow, Jesse Bunning, Timothy J. Majkrzak, Charles F. Foster, Mark D. TI Variations in cross-link density with deposition pressure in ultrathin plasma polymerized benzene and octafluorocyclobutane films SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Cross-link density; Neutron reflectometry ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; FREE-RADICAL FORMATION; X-RAY; THIN-FILMS; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; REFLECTIVITY AB Neutron reflectometry (NR) measurements of ultrathin films from octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) and benzene (B) precursors deposited using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) at two pressures (0 6 and 0.05 torr) reveal that under both deposition conditions there are a 7 nm-thick surface layer and an approximately 1 nm-thick transition layer next to the substrate which have structures different than those in the middle of the film NR measurements of films swollen with solvent reveal that the density of cross-linking next to the substrate is lower than that in the middle of the film or the region adjacent to the surface of the film for both precursors Variations in the cross-link density with processing pressure are much stronger for PP-B films than for PP-OFCB films (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Peri, Someswara R.; Habersberger, Brian; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Majkrzak, Charles F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jiang, Hao; Enlow, Jesse; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, 170 Univ Ave, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU Collaborative Center for Polymer Photonics [49620-02-1-0428]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory; University of Akron FX This research was funded by the Collaborative Center for Polymer Photonics (49620-02-1-0428) which is co-funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, and The University of Akron We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We thank C. Wolden for helpful comments regarding the polymerization mechanism and John Grant for XPS measurements NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 3 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 19 BP 4390 EP 4397 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.026 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 646AA UT WOS:000281506100014 ER PT J AU Mahoney, CM Kushmerick, JG Steffens, KL AF Mahoney, Christine M. Kushmerick, James G. Steffens, Kristen L. TI Investigation of Damage Mechanisms in PMMA during ToF-SIMS Depth Profiling with 5 and 8 keV SF5+ Primary Ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC THIN-FILMS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); BOMBARDMENT; POLYMERS; BEAMS; DEGRADATION; TOPOGRAPHY; DEPOSITION; C-60(+) AB Cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (cluster SIMS) has been proven to be a useful technique for the surface and in-depth characterization of molecular films. In this study, an SF5+ polyatomic primary ion source is utilized for depth profiling in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bulk and thin films (200 nm). The effects of SF5+ ion beam energy are discussed in detail. Both 5 and 8 keV ion beam energies are utilized for depth profiling experiments, where the chemistry of sputtering is investigated using surface analytical tools such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in conjunction with SIMS. Thin film depth profiles acquired with 5 keV SF5+ display evidence of significant damage accumulation at the interface in the form of a highly cross-linked polymer gel. There is very little evidence of similar damage accumulation at the interface for the corresponding 8 keV SF5+ depth profile. AFM and XPS analysis of the sputtered crater bottoms also indicates that very different chemistries and morphologies are present at the interface when employing 5 keV vs 8 keV SF5+. For PMMA bulk samples, greater erosion depths were achieved when employing higher beam energies, similar to what has been observed previously with C-60(n+) depth profiling.(1) These increased erosion depths are attributed to the increased sputter rates of the PMMA at 8 keV SF5+ as compared to 5 keV SF5+, thus allowing for increased amounts of material to be removed prior to the approach of the gel point of the PMMA (dose at which a 3-D cross-linked structure is formed). Despite these increased erosion depths, the 8 keV SF5+ beam imparts greater initial structural damage, as indicated by decreased C=O contents in the C1s XPS spectra and increased amounts of graphitic type peaks in the corresponding SIMS spectra. Overall, the results indicate that, for thicker samples, one should employ higher beam energies for optimum results. However, for thinner films, in which the gel effect does not play a significant role, lower beam energies are preferred. C1 [Mahoney, Christine M.; Kushmerick, James G.; Steffens, Kristen L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahoney, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 34 BP 14510 EP 14519 DI 10.1021/jp103938y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 641LY UT WOS:000281129100028 ER PT J AU Nance, SL Riederer, M Zubkowski, T Trudel, M Rhodes, LD AF Nance, Shelly L. Riederer, Michael Zubkowski, Tyler Trudel, Marc Rhodes, Linda D. TI Interpreting dual ELISA and qPCR data for bacterial kidney disease of salmonids SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Bacterial kidney disease; Renibacterium salmoninarum; Diagnostic assays; ELISA; qPCR; Infection state; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PATHOGEN RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; BROODSTOCK ATLANTIC SALMON; ALASKAN PACIFIC SALMON; REAL-TIME PCR; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; OVARIAN FLUID; SOLUBLE-ANTIGEN; CHINOOK AB Although there are a variety of methods available for the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease in salmon and trout, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is probably the most widely used method. However, ELISA measures bacterial antigen, which does not necessarily reflect the number of cells present. We hypothesized that dual analysis of kidney tissue by ELISA and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR) would provide complementary information about antigen level and the number of bacterial genomes. We found that DNA extracted from the insoluble fraction of the ELISA tissue preparation produced the same qPCR result as DNA extracted directly from frozen tissue, permitting true dual analysis of the same tissue sample. We examined kidney tissue in this manner from individual free-ranging juvenile Chinook salmon and antibiotic-treated captive subadult Chinook salmon and observed 3 different patterns of results. Among the majority of fish, there was a strong correlation between the ELISA value and the qPCR value. However, subsets of fish exhibited either low ELISA values with elevated qPCR values or higher ELISA values with very low qPCR values. These observations suggest a conceptual model that allows inferences about the state of infection of individual fish based on dual ELISA/qPCR results. Although this model requires further assessment through experimental infections and treatments, it may have utility in broodstock selection programs that currently apply egg-culling practices based on ELISA alone. C1 [Rhodes, Linda D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Nance, Shelly L.] Aquat Farms Ltd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Riederer, Michael] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zubkowski, Tyler; Trudel, Marc] Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Rhodes, LD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM linda.rhodes@noaa.gov RI Trudel, Marc/H-1955-2012; OI Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Bonneville Power Administration. Bonneville Power Administration (Department of Energy) [99-AI-17859]; Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries, US Department of Commerce); Federal Columbia River Power System's Biological Opinion FX Funding for the collection of free-ranging juvenile salmon was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the Bonneville Power Administration. Bonneville Power Administration (Department of Energy) provided partial funding under contract no. 99-AI-17859, and we thank R. Deinhard (Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission) for conducting the ELISA for the antibiotic-treated fish. Support was provided by Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries, US Department of Commerce) and in part by the Federal Columbia River Power System's Biological Opinion. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply endorsement. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.3354/dao02252 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 672ZH UT WOS:000283626600004 PM 21387990 ER PT J AU Marcum, JC Weber, JM AF Marcum, Jesse C. Weber, J. Mathias TI Microhydration of Nitromethane Anions from Both a Solute and Solvent Perspective SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; CLUSTER ANIONS; ELECTRON AUTODETACHMENT; ARGON PREDISSOCIATION; X-CENTER-DOT-H2O X; NAPHTHALENE ANION; WATER-MOLECULES; HYDROGEN-BOND; BR AB We present experimental infrared spectroscopic data on mass-selected, hydrated nitromethane anion clusters with up to four water ligands. The vibrational bands in the OH stretching region encode the solvent structure, while the CH stretching bands contain information on the influence of the hydration shell on the solute ion. We interpret our findings using density functional theory calculations. The first water molecule binds symmetrically to the two oxygen atoms of the nitro group but couples to low-frequency vibrational modes that impart a very complicated structure on the OH stretching region. Competition between water-ion and water-water interaction makes the dihydrate very floppy and precludes unambiguous structural assignment. The tri- and tetrahydrate spectra can be interpreted on the basis of H-bonded ring structures. The excess electron is polarized by hydration, which can clearly be seen by shifting CH stretching frequencies. C1 [Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU National Science Foundation for financial support through the JILA Physics Frontier Center (NSF) [PHY-0551010] FX We thank Holger Schneider for technical support and Dr. Roberto Bianco for helpful discussions. We also thank Professor Mark A. Johnson for discussing his group's experimental results on CH3NO2-center dot(H2O)n prior to publication. We are grateful to Professor Takashi Nagata, Professor Toshiyuki Takayanagi, and their coauthors for sharing information on their calculations prior to publication. We gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation for financial support through the JILA Physics Frontier Center (NSF grant no. PHY-0551010). NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 34 BP 8933 EP 8938 DI 10.1021/jp103682q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 641LW UT WOS:000281128900001 PM 20681537 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Hudgens, JW AF Pettibone, John M. Hudgens, Jeffrey W. TI Synthetic Approach for Tunable, Size-Selective Formation of Monodisperse, Diphosphine-Protected Gold Nanoclusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-EXCHANGE REACTIONS; CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; NANOCRYSTALS; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; ROUTE; SCALE; ATOM AB We report a new strategy that provides stringent control for the size and dispersity of ultrasmall nanoclusters through preparation of gold complex distributions formed from the precursor, AuClPPh(3) (PPh(3) = triphenylphosphine), and the L(6) (L(6) = 1,6-bis(diphenylphosphino) hexane) ligand prior to reduction with NaBH(4) in 1:1 methanol/chloroform solutions. Monodisperse nanoclusters of distinct nuclearity are obtained for specific ligand ratios; [L(6)]/[PPh(3)] = 4 yields [Au(8)L(4)(6)](2+), [L(6)]/[PPh(3)] = 0.4 yields [Au(9)L(4)(6)Cl](2+), and [L(6)]/[PPh(3)] = 8 yields ligated Au(10) cores in the form of [Au(10)L(4)(6)](2+) and [Au(10)L(5)(6)](2+). Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory accounts for the stability of [Au(9)L(4)(6)Cl](2+), which is the smallest closed-shell chlorinated cluster reported. Electrospray mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectra indicate that [Au(9)L(4)(6)Cl](2+) and [Au(10)L(x)(6)](2+) (x = 4, 5) result from reactions involving [Au(8)L(4)(6)](2+). Syntheses of small gold clusters containing chloride ligands open the possibility of constructing larger clusters via ligand exchange. C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudgens, JW (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.pettibone@nist.gov; jeffrey.hudgens@nist.gov FU National Academy of Science's National Research Council FX J.M.P. acknowledges the National Academy of Science's National Research Council fellowship. NR 31 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 1 IS 17 BP 2536 EP 2540 DI 10.1021/jz1009339 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 646UK UT WOS:000281568300008 ER PT J AU de Heer, WA Berger, C Wu, XS Sprinkle, M Hu, Y Ruan, M Stroscio, JA First, PN Haddon, R Piot, B Faugeras, C Potemski, M Moon, JS AF de Heer, Walt A. Berger, Claire Wu, Xiaosong Sprinkle, Mike Hu, Yike Ruan, Ming Stroscio, Joseph A. First, Phillip N. Haddon, Robert Piot, Benjamin Faugeras, Clement Potemski, Marek Moon, Jeong-Sun TI Epitaxial graphene electronic structure and transport SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SILICON-CARBIDE; HETEROEPITAXIAL GRAPHITE; MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS; BILAYER GRAPHENE; FILMS; 6H-SIC(0001); STATE; GRAPHITIZATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Since its inception in 2001, the science and technology of epitaxial graphene on hexagonal silicon carbide has matured into a major international effort and is poised to become the first carbon electronics platform. A historical perspective is presented and the unique electronic properties of single and multilayered epitaxial graphenes on electronics grade silicon carbide are reviewed. Early results on transport and the field effect in Si-face grown graphene monolayers provided proof-of-principle demonstrations. Besides monolayer epitaxial graphene, attention is given to C-face grown multilayer graphene, which consists of electronically decoupled graphene sheets. Production, structure and electronic structure are reviewed. The electronic properties, interrogated using a wide variety of surface, electrical and optical probes, are discussed. An overview is given of recent developments of several device prototypes including resistance standards based on epitaxial graphene quantum Hall devices and new ultrahigh frequency analogue epitaxial graphene amplifiers. C1 [de Heer, Walt A.; Berger, Claire; Wu, Xiaosong; Sprinkle, Mike; Hu, Yike; Ruan, Ming; First, Phillip N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Berger, Claire] Inst Neel, CNRS, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haddon, Robert] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Haddon, Robert] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Piot, Benjamin; Faugeras, Clement; Potemski, Marek] CNRS, LNCMI, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Moon, Jeong-Sun] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP de Heer, WA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM walt.deheer@physics.gateh.edu RI Haddon, Robert/A-2528-2008; Faugeras, Clement/K-7313-2012; Wu, Xiaosong/B-1902-2014 OI Haddon, Robert/0000-0002-7903-5139; Wu, Xiaosong/0000-0001-9224-9871 FU W M Keck Foundation; Embassy of France; NSF [DMR-0820382] FX This research was supported by the W M Keck Foundation, the Partner University Fund from the Embassy of France and the NSF under Grant No DMR-0820382. NR 80 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 51 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 37 AR 374007 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/37/374007 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 646MG UT WOS:000281544100008 ER PT J AU Wang, CH Lawrence, JM Bauer, ED Kothapalli, K Gardner, JS Ronning, F Gofryk, K Thompson, JD Nakotte, H Trouw, F AF Wang, C. H. Lawrence, J. M. Bauer, E. D. Kothapalli, K. Gardner, J. S. Ronning, F. Gofryk, K. Thompson, J. D. Nakotte, H. Trouw, F. TI Unusual signatures of the ferromagnetic transition in the heavy fermion compound UMn2Al20 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PR3TL; RESISTIVITY AB Magnetic-susceptibility results for single crystals of the new cubic compounds UT2Al20 (T = Mn, V, and Mo) are reported. Magnetization, specific-heat, resistivity, and neutron-diffraction results for a single crystal and neutron diffraction and inelastic spectra for a powder sample are reported for UMn2Al20. For T = V and Mo, temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism is observed. For UMn2Al20, a ferromagnetic transition is observed in the magnetic susceptibility at T-c = 20 K. The specific-heat anomaly at T-c is very weak while no anomaly in the resistivity is seen at T-c. We discuss two possible origins for this behavior of UMn2Al20: moderately small moment itinerant ferromagnetism or induced local-moment ferromagnetism. C1 [Wang, C. H.; Lawrence, J. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Wang, C. H.; Bauer, E. D.; Ronning, F.; Gofryk, K.; Thompson, J. D.; Trouw, F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, C. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kothapalli, K.; Nakotte, H.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Wang, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Gofryk, Krzysztof/F-8755-2014; OI Gofryk, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8681-6857; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-03ER46036]; U.S. DOE/Office of Science; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR 0804032] FX Research at UC Irvine was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. DE-FG02-03ER46036. Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE/Office of Science. Work at ORNL was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Part of the work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 0804032. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 AR 094406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094406 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 645SJ UT WOS:000281486000005 ER PT J AU Wahl, E Schoelzel, C Williams, J Tigrek, S AF Wahl, Eugene Schoelzel, Christian Williams, John Tigrek, Seyitriza TI Comment: Hierarchical Statistical Modeling for Paleoclimate Reconstruction Comment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION; CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION; BAYESIAN ALGORITHM; SENSITIVITY; ROBUSTNESS; REGRESSION; ANOMALIES; ENSEMBLE; SPACE; CYCLE C1 [Wahl, Eugene] NOAA, Paleoclimatol Branch, World Data Ctr Paleoclimatol, NCDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schoelzel, Christian] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Williams, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tigrek, Seyitriza] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wahl, E (reprint author), NOAA, Paleoclimatol Branch, World Data Ctr Paleoclimatol, NCDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Eugene.R.Wahl@noaa.gov; schoelzy@gmx.net; jww@geography.wisc.edu; Seyitriza.Tigrek@Colorado.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 491 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1198/jasa.2010.ap10295 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 673WQ UT WOS:000283695300003 ER PT J AU Ciancio, J Beauchamp, DA Pascual, M AF Ciancio, Javier Beauchamp, David A. Pascual, Miguel TI Marine effect of introduced salmonids: Prey consumption by exotic steelhead and anadromous brown trout in the Patagonian Continental Shelf SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-CONSUMPTION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RAINBOW-TROUT; ARCTIC CHARR; SEA-TROUT; ARGENTINA; LAKE; PENGUINS; PREFERENCES; POPULATION AB On the basis of stable isotope analysis, we estimated the marine diet of the most abundant anadromous salmonid species in Patagonian Atlantic basins. The results were coupled with bioenergetic and population models to estimate the consumption of food by salmonids and was compared with that by seabirds, the most abundant top predators in the area. Amphipods were the main salmonid prey, followed by sprat, silversides, squid, and euphausiids. The total consumption, even assuming large anadromous salmonid populations, represented < 5% of the total consumption by seabirds. We also identified the particular seabird colonies and artisanal fisheries with which salmonid trophic interactions at a more local scale could be significant. C1 [Ciancio, Javier; Pascual, Miguel] Ctr Nacl Patagon CONICET, Puerto Madryn Chubut, Argentina. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ciancio, J (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM javier.ciancio@noaa.gov FU Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral [29-B056]; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica [0211818]; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and Fundacion Antorchas [53900-13]; Fulbright Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Institute FX This work was supported by grants from the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (research project 29-B056) and Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (0211818) to M.P., and from the Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and Fundacion Antorchas (53900-13) to O.I. The Fulbright Foundation supported D.A.B.'s involvement in this paper. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the Wildlife Institute. We thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable criticism and comments on the manuscript. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 2181 EP 2192 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.2181 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 673MI UT WOS:000283667100034 ER PT J AU Yang, SH Kim, Y Purushotham, KP Yoo, JM Choi, YM Dagalakis, N AF Yang, Seung Ho Kim, Yongsik Purushotham, Kavuri Premsagar Yoo, Jae-Myung Choi, Young-Man Dagalakis, Nicholas TI AFM characterization of nanopositioner in-plane stiffnesses SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE AFM; Colloidal probe; In-plane stiffness; MEMS; Nanopositioner ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MEMS MATERIALS; PROBE AB A versatile method for measurement of in-plane stiffness of micro-elements was developed and its usefulness has been demonstrated. The in-plane stiffness of a NIST nanopositioner has been measured directly using a colloidal probe in an AFM without any fixture. Using this method it was possible to measure the in-plane stiffness at different locations of the same micro-element. The in-plane stiffness ratio of a microlever system was also measured and a good agreement was found between the calculated and measured values. Further, when the minimum width of flexures is 4 mu m, the measured in-plane stiffnesses showed a close agreement with the calculated value. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yang, Seung Ho; Kim, Yongsik; Yoo, Jae-Myung; Choi, Young-Man; Dagalakis, Nicholas] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Purushotham, Kavuri Premsagar] NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, SH (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM seungho@cme.nist.gov FU NIST FX The authors would like to thank Dr. John Kramar and Dr. Pradeep Namboodiri from NIST for reviewing this paper and Dr. Robert Cook and Dr. Mike Shneier from NIST for their help and support. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 163 IS 1 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2010.07.006 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 673NU UT WOS:000283671000051 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP AF Bentz, Dale P. TI Powder Additions to Mitigate Retardation in High-Volume Fly Ash Mixtures SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE building technology; high-volume fly ash; hydration; isothermal calorimetry; retardation; sustainability AB While high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete mixtures are attractive from a sustainability viewpoint, they are sometimes plagued by long delays in finishing, producing a performance that is unacceptable to contractors. In this paper, isothermal calorimetry studies are conducted to examine excessive retardation in HVFA mixtures based on both Class C and Class F fly ash. In addition to quantifying the retardation, the calorimetric curves are also used to evaluate the performance of mitigation strategies based on various powder additions. Powder additions examined in the present study include an aluminum trihydroxide, calcium hydroxide, cement kiln dust, condensed silica fume, limestone, and a rapid-set cement. The addition of either 5% calcium hydroxide or 10% of the rapid-set cement by mass of total solids (powders) is observed to provide a significant reduction in the retardation measured in mixtures based on either class of fly ash for the material combinations examined in this study. Thus, these two powder additions may provide viable solutions to mitigating excessive retardation, extending the use of HVFA mixtures in practice. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 BP 508 EP 514 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 665JX UT WOS:000283032500010 ER PT J AU Volotskova, O Fagan, JA Huh, JY Phelan, FR Shashurin, A Keidar, M AF Volotskova, Olga Fagan, Jeffrey A. Huh, Ji Yeon Phelan, Frederick R., Jr. Shashurin, Alexey Keidar, Michael TI Tailored Distribution of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes from Arc Plasma Synthesis Using Magnetic Fields SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE SWCNT; SWNT; arc synthesis; magnetic field; charality ID SPECTROSCOPY; DISCHARGE; CATALYST AB We report a method for tuning the distribution of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) produced by the anodic arc production method via the application of nonuniform magnetic fields to the gap region during synthesis. Raman, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared absorbance and near-infrared fluorescence spectroscopies were used to characterize samples together with scanning electron microscopy. Application of the nonuniform magnetic field 0.2-2 kG results in a broadening of the diameter range of SWCNTs produced toward decreased diameters, with substantial fractions of produced SWCNTs being of small diameter, less than similar to 1.3 nm, at the highest field. The ability to tune production of the arc production method may allow for improvement in achievable SWCNT properties. C1 [Volotskova, Olga; Shashurin, Alexey; Keidar, Michael] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Huh, Ji Yeon; Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Keidar, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM keidar@gwu.edu OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU NSF [CBET-0853777]; DOE [DE-SC0001169] FX This work was supported in part by NSF/DOE Partnership in Plasma Science and Technology (NSF grant CBET-0853777, DOE grant DE-SC0001169). We would like to acknowledge PPPL Offsite Research Program supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences for supporting arc experiments. Authors thank Jian Li for help with TEM. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2010 VL 4 IS 9 BP 5187 EP 5192 DI 10.1021/nn101279r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 653TY UT WOS:000282121000030 PM 20707323 ER PT J AU Torres, JM Stafford, CM Vogt, BD AF Torres, Jessica M. Stafford, Christopher M. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Manipulation of the Elastic Modulus of Polymers at the Nanoscale: Influence of UV-Ozone Cross-Linking and Plasticizer SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE thin films; elastic modulus; wrinkling; polymers; confinement; surface modification ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; GECKO FOOT-HAIR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ULTRAVIOLET-OZONE; THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; LENGTH SCALE; POLYSTYRENE; SURFACES AB The mechanical stability of polymeric nanostructures is critical to the processing, assembly, and performance of numerous existing and emerging technologies. A key predictor of mechanical stability is the elastic modulus. However, a significant reduction in modulus has been reported for thin films and nanostructures when the thickness or size of the polymer material decreases below a critical length scale. Routes to mitigate or even eliminate this reduction in modulus, and thus enhancing the mechanically stability of polymeric nanostructures, would be extremely valuable. Here, two routes to modulate the mechanical properties of polymers at the nanoscale are described. Exposure to ultraviolet light and ozone (UVO) cross-links the near surface region of high molecular mass PS films, rendering the elastic modulus independent of thickness. However, UVO cannot eliminate the decrease in modulus of low molecular mass PS or PMMA due to limited reaction depth and photodegradation, respectively. Alternatively, the thickness dependence of the elastic modulus of both PS and PMMA can be eliminated by addition of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) at 5% by mass. Furthermore, an increase in modulus is observed for films with thicknesses less than 30 nm with 5% DOP by mass in comparison to neat PS. Although DOP acts as a plasticizer for both PS and PMMA in the bulk, evidence indicates that DOP acts as an antiplasticizer at the nanoscale. By maintaining or even increasing the elastic modulus of polymers at the nanoscale, these methods could lead to improved stability of polymeric nanostructures and devices. C1 [Torres, Jessica M.; Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. EM bryan.vogt@asu.edu NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2010 VL 4 IS 9 BP 5357 EP 5365 DI 10.1021/nn100720z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 653TY UT WOS:000282121000050 PM 20712351 ER PT J AU Mishin, Y Boettinger, WJ AF Mishin, Y. Boettinger, W. J. TI Thermodynamic model of hydride formation and dissolution in spherical particles SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Hydride; Elasticity theory; Thermodynamics of solids; Phase transformation ID OPEN 2-PHASE SYSTEMS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; THERMOCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM; COHERENT INTERFACES; HYDROGEN; SOLIDS; STRESS; HYSTERESIS; CRYSTALS; MG AB A model of hydride formation and dissolution has been proposed for a single spherical particle and for a collection of such particles with a given size distribution. The phase transformation strain gives rise to an elastic barrier to the transformation, which scales with the volume of the particle and produces a hysteresis effect known experimentally. Experimentally observed finite slopes of hydrogen pressure vs. chemical composition plots (instead of expected plateaus) are explained by the model for both the hydrogenization and dehydrogenization processes. These finite slopes and the amount of the pressure hysteresis depend on elastic properties of the hydride and metal phases, the transformation strain, and on the particle-size distribution in the powder. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishin, Y.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Boettinger, W. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mishin, Y (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MSN 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ymishin@gmu.edu RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 FU US Department of Energy (Office of Basic Energy Sciences); National Institute of Standards and Technology; DOE-BES Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN) FX We are grateful to G.B. McFadden for carefully reading the manuscript and making helpful suggestions. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (Office of Basic Energy Sciences) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We also acknowledge useful discussions facilitated through coordination meetings sponsored by the DOE-BES Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN) program. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 15 BP 4968 EP 4977 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.05.030 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 634HD UT WOS:000280570500006 ER PT J AU Zhou, SL Zhang, JX Liu, DM Lin, ZL Huang, QZ Bao, LH Ma, RG Wei, YF AF Zhou, Shenlin Zhang, Jiuxing Liu, Danmin Lin, Zulun Huang, Qingzhen Bao, Lihong Ma, Ruguang Wei, Yongfeng TI Synthesis and properties of nanostructured dense LaB6 cathodes by arc plasma and reactive spark plasma sintering SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Sintering; Borides; Nanocrystalline materials; Electron backscattered diffraction; Texture ID FIELD-EMISSION; TEMPERATURE; FILMS AB Nanostructured polycrystalline LaB6 ceramics were prepared by the reactive spark plasma sintering method, using boron nanopowders and LaH2 powders with a particle size of about 30 nm synthesized by hydrogen dc arc plasma. The reaction mechanism of sintering, crystal structure, microstructure, grain orientations and properties of the materials were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Neutron powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction. It is shown that nanostructured dense LaB6 with a fibrous texture can be fabricated by SPS at a pressure of 80 MPa and temperature of 1300 degrees C for 5 min. Compared with the coarse polycrystalline LaB6 prepared by traditional methods, the nanostructured LaB6 bulk possesses both higher mechanical and higher thermionic emission properties. The Vickers hardness was 22.3 GPa, the flexural strength was 271.2 MPa and the maximum emission current density was 56.81 A cm(-2) at a cathode temperature of 1600 degrees C. (C) 2010 Ada Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Shenlin; Zhang, Jiuxing; Bao, Lihong; Wei, Yongfeng] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Funct Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Liu, Danmin; Ma, Ruguang] Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Lin, Zulun] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Optoelect Informat, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, JX (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Funct Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. EM zjiuxing@bjut.edu.cn RI MA, Ruguang/C-8424-2014 OI MA, Ruguang/0000-0001-7587-0818 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50871002]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB833100] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. A. Santoro for valuable discussions. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 50871002) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB833100). NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 15 BP 4978 EP 4985 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.05.031 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 634HD UT WOS:000280570500007 ER PT J AU Frolov, T Boettinger, WJ Mishin, Y AF Frolov, T. Boettinger, W. J. Mishin, Y. TI Atomistic simulation of hillock growth SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hillock; Whisker; Compressive stress; Grain boundary diffusion; Molecular dynamics ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; POINT-DEFECTS; THIN-FILMS; DEFORMATION; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; WHISKER AB This paper explores the mechanisms of hillock and whisker growth in stressed polycrystalline films by molecular dynamics simulations. The initial geometry consists of three grains with a triple line aligned perpendicular to a free surface, plus a fourth pyramidal-shaped grain implanted between the triple line and the surface. This simulated grain geometry corresponds to that observed in experiments during hillock and whisker growth, with the fourth grain serving as a seed for hillock growth. The simulations, performed under an applied in-plane biaxial compression, reveal an upward motion and growth of the seed grain. The growth occurs by stress-driven grain boundary diffusion from below the seed grain onto some of its internal faces. Accretion of atoms to those faces pushes the seed grain upwards and sideways. The different diffusion and accretion rates at different boundaries also give rise to internal stresses, which can be partially accommodated by grain boundary motion coupled to shear deformation. The hillock growth is countered by surface diffusion, which can slow the growth or even suppress it completely. Other mechanisms involved in hillock growth are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Frolov, T.; Mishin, Y.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Boettinger, W. J.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Frolov, T (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MSN 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM tfrolov@gmu.edu RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 FU US Department of Energy (Office of Basic Energy Sciences); National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (Office of Basic Energy Sciences) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We also acknowledge useful discussions facilitated through coordination meetings sponsored by the DOE-BES Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN) program. The FIB pictures were graciously supplied by G. Galyon of IBM. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 16 BP 5471 EP 5480 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.023 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 643SL UT WOS:000281318900025 ER PT J AU Liu, SM Li, ZW Yang, XF William, PG Yi, Y Zheng, QN Li, XF AF Liu Shuming Li Ziwei Yang Xiaofeng William, Pichel G. Yi Yang Zheng Quanan Li Xiaofeng TI Atmospheric frontal gravity waves observed in satellite SAR images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric gravity waves; atmospheric front; generation mechanism; synthetic aperture radar ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; COASTAL LEE WAVES; OCEAN; MODEL AB In the satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea, the authors observe sea surface imprints of wave-like patterns with an average wavelength of 3.8 km. Comparing SAR observations with sea surface wind fields and surface weather maps, the authors find that the occurrence of the wave-like phenomena is associated with the passing of atmospheric front. The authors define the waves as atmospheric frontal gravity waves. The dynamical parameters of the wave packets are derived from statistics of 9 satellite SAR images obtained from 2002 to 2008. A two-dimensional linear physical wave model is used to analyze the generation mechanism of the waves. The atmospheric frontal wave induced wind variation across the frontal wave packet is compared with wind retrievals from the SAR, images. The CMOD-5 (C-band scatterometer ocean geophysical model function) is used for SA 13, wind retrievals VV (transmitted vertical and received vertical) for ENVISAT and HH (transmitted horizontally and received horizontally) for RADARSAT-1. A reasonable agreement between the analytical solution and the SAR, observation is reached. This new SAR frontal wave observation adds to the school of SAR. observations of sea surface imprints of AGWs including island lee waves, coastal lee waves, and upstream Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW). C1 [Liu Shuming; Yi Yang] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Liu Shuming] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. [Li Ziwei; Yang Xiaofeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [William, Pichel G.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zheng Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, SM (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. EM lizw@irsa.ac.cn RI yang, xiaofeng/K-5245-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI yang, xiaofeng/0000-0001-9920-4641; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU European Space Agency [141, 6133]; NASA [RADARSAT-0011-0071] FX RADARSAT-1 data were obtained under the NASA RADARSAT ADRO-2 Program (Project RADARSAT-0011-0071) and processed by the Alaska Satellite Facility. The ASAR images were provided by the European Space Agency under ENVISAT Projects 141 and 6133. The radiosonde data were downloaded from the Department of Meteorology, University of Wyoming web site at: http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html.1 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 5 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s13131-010-0061-8 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 705KM UT WOS:000286127300005 ER PT J AU Phillips, MM Case, RJ Rimmer, CA Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Wise, SA Yen, JH AF Phillips, Melissa M. Case, Ryan J. Rimmer, Catherine A. Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Wise, Stephen A. Yen, James H. TI Determination of organic acids in Vaccinium berry standard reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Organic acids; Berry; Liquid chromatography; Gas chromatography; Ion chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Isotope dilution ID CRANBERRY JUICE; CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; ANTHOCYANINS; BLUEBERRIES; APOPTOSIS; VARIETIES; MYRTILLUS; CELLS; WOMEN AB Nine organic acids (citric acid, galacturonic acid, glycolic acid, isocitric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, quinic acid, shikimic acid, and tartaric acid) and two anions (phosphate and sulfate) were determined in a suite of Vaccinium berry-containing dietary supplement standard reference materials (SRMs). Following solvent extraction, three independent methods were utilized in the quantification of these compounds. The first method involved reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection at 210 nm and isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The second method utilized ion chromatography with conductivity detection. Finally, gas chromatography with isotope dilution mass spectrometry detection was used following derivatization with N-methyl-N-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). The combined data from these methods was used for the assignment of organic acid levels in the seven candidate SRMs. C1 [Phillips, Melissa M.; Case, Ryan J.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yen, James H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov RI Phillips, Melissa/E-8030-2013; OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 23 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 398 IS 1 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3916-0 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 637HG UT WOS:000280807500035 PM 20582402 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Nelson, BC AF Petersen, Elijah J. Nelson, Bryant C. TI Mechanisms and measurements of nanomaterial-induced oxidative damage to DNA SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Base lesions; Comet assay; DNA damage; Engineered nanomaterials; Genotoxicity; Toxicity ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE PARTICLES; LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FIBROBLASTS IN-VITRO; HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; ULTRAFINE TIO2 PARTICLES; HUMAN MESOTHELIAL CELLS; CENTER-DOT-DA; NF-KAPPA-B; GOLD NANOPARTICLES AB Many of the current investigations on the environmental and human health risks of engineered nanomaterials focus on their short-term acute toxicity. However, the long-term chronic effects of nanomaterials on living systems, and in particular, on the genetic components of living systems, also warrant attention. An increasing number of nanomaterial safety studies include an assessment of genotoxicity as part of the overall risk evaluation. The potential of nanomaterials to directly or indirectly promote the formation of reactive oxygen species is one of the primary steps in their genotoxic repertoire. The subsequent modification of genomic DNA by reactive oxygen species could lead to the development of mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, or other age-related diseases if the DNA damage is not repaired. This review focuses on the interactions of nanomaterials with DNA and specifically on the capacity of some nanomaterials to induce oxidative damage to DNA. A critical assessment of the analytical methodology and the potential biochemical mechanisms involved in nanomaterial induction of oxidative damage to DNA is presented, results obtained for the various studies with each nanomaterial are compared, and recommendations for future research are discussed. Researchers should consider, among other experimental recommendations, (1) the application of more chromatography-based and mass-spectrometry-based analytical techniques to the assessment of oxidative damage to DNA to facilitate an enhanced understanding of DNA damage mechanisms and (2) the verification of cellular viability before conducting genotoxicity assays to reduce the impact of fragmented DNA, formed as a consequence of cell death, on DNA damage measurements. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.; Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov RI bee, betty/G-1104-2011; Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 NR 173 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 59 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 398 IS 2 BP 613 EP 650 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3881-7 PG 38 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 650IL UT WOS:000281842400004 PM 20563891 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Poster, DL Leigh, SD Rimmer, CA Mossner, S Schubert, P Sander, LC Schantz, MM AF Wise, Stephen A. Poster, Dianne L. Leigh, Stefan D. Rimmer, Catherine A. Moessner, Stephanie Schubert, Patricia Sander, Lane C. Schantz, Michele M. TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a coal tar standard reference material-SRM 1597a updated SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs); Standard reference material (SRM); Coal tar; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); Liquid chromatography (LC) ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; SPECTROMETRY; SEPARATION; ISOMERS; INDEXES; CULTURE AB SRM 1597 Complex Mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Coal Tar, originally issued in 1987, was recently reanalyzed and reissued as SRM 1597a with 34 certified, 46 reference, and 12 information concentrations (as mass fractions) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) including methyl-substituted PAHs and PASHs. The certified and reference concentrations (as mass fractions) were based on results of analyses of the coal tar material using multiple analytical techniques including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry on four different stationary phases and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. SRM 1597a is currently the most extensively characterized SRM for PAHs and PASHs. C1 [Wise, Stephen A.; Poster, Dianne L.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Moessner, Stephanie; Schubert, Patricia; Sander, Lane C.; Schantz, Michele M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leigh, Stefan D.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 398 IS 2 BP 717 EP 728 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4008-x PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 650IL UT WOS:000281842400010 PM 20644914 ER PT J AU Mahoney, CM Fahey, AJ Steffens, KL Benner, BA AF Mahoney, Christine M. Fahey, Albert J. Steffens, Kristen L. Benner, Bruce A., Jr. TI Characterization of Composition C4 Explosives using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITION C-4; SAMPLES; SIMS AB The application of surface analytical techniques such as time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is explored as a means of differentiating between composition C4 plastic explosives (C-4). Three different C-4 samples including U.S. military grade C-4, commercial C-4 (also from the United States), and C-4 from England (PE-4) were obtained and analyzed using both ToF-SIMS and XPS. ToF-SIMS was able to successfully discriminate between different C-4 samples with the aid of principal component analysis, a multivariate statistical analysis approach often used to reduce the dimensionality of complex data. ToF-SIMS imaging was also used to obtain information about the spatial distribution of the various additives contained within the samples. The results indicated that the samples could potentially be characterized by their 2-D chemical and morphological structure, which varied from sample to sample. XPS analysis also showed significant variation between samples, with changes in the atomic concentrations, as well as changes in the shapes of the high-resolution C 1s and O 1s spectra. These results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing both ToF-SIMS and XPS as tools for the direct characterization and differentiation of C-4 samples for forensic applications. C1 [Mahoney, Christine M.; Fahey, Albert J.; Steffens, Kristen L.; Benner, Bruce A., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahoney, CM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christine.mahoney@nist.gov RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this work under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 17 BP 7237 EP 7248 DI 10.1021/ac101116r PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 643OI UT WOS:000281306000027 PM 20698494 ER PT J AU Holt, MM Southall, BL Insley, SJ Schusterman, RJ AF Holt, Marla M. Southall, Brandon L. Insley, Stephen J. Schusterman, Ronald J. TI Call directionality and its behavioural significance in male northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE intrasexual competition; Mirounga angustirostris; northern elephant seal; pinniped; playback; seal; sound radiation pattern; vocal behaviour; vocal communication; vocal directionality ID ACOUSTIC DIRECTIONALITY; SOUND RADIATION; VOCALIZATIONS; AERIAL; PINNIPEDS; BULLS; COMMUNICATION; LOCALIZATION; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS AB Animals often produce sounds that are focused in a particular direction relative to the caller's orientation. Although many studies have suggested ways in which directional signal design might have behavioural significance among vocally interacting individuals, there are few direct tests using experimental approaches. During the breeding season and while fasting on land, male northern elephant seals produce airborne threat calls during dyadic interactions when competing for mating opportunities. In this study, we investigated the directional cues of these calls and tested hypotheses regarding directional signalling with respect to the behaviour of receivers during vocally mediated male agonistic interactions. We then determined effects of vocal directionality on receiver responses using an acoustic playback approach. We found that male calls had substantial directionality, particularly at higher frequencies (> 1000 Hz). Subordinate males responded more strongly by retreating when the caller faced the receiver compared to when the caller was at a right angle or faced away. We also found a significant difference in responses to playback sequences with different call directivity patterns. Males displayed significantly more negative phonotaxis (i.e. moved away) in response to playbacks that simulated a caller oriented towards them compared to when playbacks simulated a caller oriented away from them. These results suggest that the directionality of threat calls provides important information about the auditory scene and spatial orientation of conspecifics and that this trait, along with the receiver's ability to extract this information, may have evolved as a consequence of its effect on the breeding success and fitness of the individual. (C) 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Holt, Marla M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.; Insley, Stephen J.; Schusterman, Ronald J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Holt, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal Ecol Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Marla.Holt@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-0159, N00014-04-1-0284]; Myers' Oceanographic Trust; Friends of Long Marine Laboratory; University of California; Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Doctoral Fellowship FX We thank several individuals for their assistance in the field including Michelle Hanenburg, Kristy Lindemann, Colleen Reichmuth, Asila Ghoul, Logan Medina, and especially Elizabeth Atwood, who conducted all caller-receiver distance measurements. Logistical support for research conducted at Ano Nuevo State Reserve was provided by Dr Daniel Costa, Dr Daniel Crocker, Dr Dave Casper, Patricia Morris, Sue Reynoldson and Gary Strachan and the other park rangers at Ano Nuevo. Funding from the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-02-0159 and N00014-04-1-0284 to R.J.S., S.J.I. and David Kastak), the Myers' Oceanographic Trust Fund, the Friends of Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Regents Fellowship Program and Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Doctoral Fellowship Program made this investigation possible. We also thank two anonymous referees for their insightful comments and suggestions, which have improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 80 IS 3 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.06.013 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 637VM UT WOS:000280846800003 ER PT J AU Meng, H Sexton, AM Maddox, MC Sood, A Brown, CW Ferraro, RR Murtugudde, R AF Meng, H. Sexton, A. M. Maddox, M. C. Sood, A. Brown, C. W. Ferraro, R. R. Murtugudde, R. TI MODELING RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN USING SWAT - PILOT FOR CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic model; Water quality; Streamflow; Sediment; Nutrient; Nitrate; Phosphate; SWAT; Chesapeake Bay watershed; CBFS ID PREDICTIONS; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF AB The Chesapeake Bay (CB) is the largest estuary in North America and has been listed as unpaired under the Clean Water Act since 1998 Deteriorating water conditions are largely due to contaminants carried into the Bay by the many tributaries in the CB watershed The Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center of the University of Maryland at College Park is developing a Chesapeake Bay Forecast System (CBI'S) to provide regional Earth System predictions for the Chesapeake Bay watershed SWAT is utilized as the land module of CBFS to simulate the hydrology and water quality of the prominent tributaries in the CB watershed This aticle reports the model configuration as well as calibration and validation results for Rappahannock, one of the major CB river basins The complete configuration of the model involved the following steps watershed delineation and the establishment of hydrologic response units, sensitivity analysis, balancing water budget, adjusting crop yields, balancing flow partition, manual and auto-calibration, and validation The simulated quantities include daily average streamflow and daily loadings of sediment, nitrate, and phosphate The calibration NSE for the four variables were, respectively, 0 73, 0 63, 0 52, and 0 50 which met a set of stringent evaluation criteria set forth by Moriast et al (2007) as being good or satisfactory simulations NSE measures how well the plot of observed versus simulated data fits the 1 1 line and a value of 1 indicates a perfect simulation The calibration results also satisfied the other evaluation criteria used in this study with the exception of large uncertainty in phosphate load Validation of streamflow and nitrate load also met all the evaluation criteria including NSE being 0 70 and 0 61, respectively The validation results for sediment and phosphate loads were considered unsatisfactory with NSE being 0 25 and 0 19 The model statistics were compared to those of the Chesapeake Bay Program Watershed Model and showed strength in the simulations of Rappahannock River streamflow, sediment load, and nitrate load The Rappahannock SWAT model currently produces routine 14-day ensemble forecasts of daily flow and loadings of sediment, nitrate and phosphate in an automated system Four thresholds were used to compute the ETS skill score of the Rappahannock streamflow forecast 0 5, 1 0, 1 5, and 2 0 tunes of the average daily flow The ETS skill scores of the first day forecast were 0 75, 0 56, 0 52, and 0 41, respectively, for the four thresholds They remain around or above 0 4 up to 14, 8, 7, and 5 days lead time in the four cases The ETS scores reveal that the model has good forecast skill for base flow and noticeable skill for event flow The forecast skill remains visible for at least 2 weeks for base flow and at least 5 days for the event flow thresholds used in this study C1 [Meng, H.; Brown, C. W.; Ferraro, R. R.] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sexton, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sexton, A. M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Maddox, M. C.; Sood, A.; Murtugudde, R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Meng, H (reprint author), Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) The authors would like to thank the following people who have contributed to this project at various stages Alexandre Rostovtsev, Chappell, Tom Fitzwater, Georege Dizelos, and Dan Goetz Acknowledgement is also given to Gary Shenk of Chesapeake Bay Program for providing information about CBPWM data, and Stephen Prince of University of Maryland for providing the RESAC land use map The authors are grateful for the invaluable help by Karim Abbaspour from Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Raghavan Srinivasan from Texas A&M University, Nancy Sammons from USDA-ARS, and Xuesong Zhang from the Joint Global Change. Research Institute of University of Maryland at College Park Some data used in this project have been downloaded from USDA, USGS, and NOAA NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 795 EP 805 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 690EH UT WOS:000284984800007 ER PT J AU Cossel, KC Adler, F Bertness, KA Thorpe, MJ Feng, J Raynor, MW Ye, J AF Cossel, K. C. Adler, F. Bertness, K. A. Thorpe, M. J. Feng, J. Raynor, M. W. Ye, J. TI Analysis of trace impurities in semiconductor gas via cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; WAVELENGTH DEMULTIPLEXER; PHOSPHINE; WATER; SPECTROMETER; BAND AB Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS) has demonstrated powerful potential for trace-gas detection based on its unique combination of high bandwidth, rapid data acquisition, high sensitivity, and high resolution, which is unavailable with conventional systems. However, previous demonstrations have been limited to proof-of-principle experiments or studies of fundamental laboratory science. Here, we present the development of CE-DFCS towards an industrial application-measuring impurities in arsine, an important process gas used in III-V semiconductor compound manufacturing. A strongly absorbing background gas with an extremely complex, congested, and broadband spectrum renders trace detection exceptionally difficult, but the capabilities of CE-DFCS overcome this challenge and make it possible to identify and quantify multiple spectral lines associated with water impurities. Further, frequency combs allow easy access to new spectral regions via efficient nonlinear optical processes. Here, we demonstrate detection of multiple potential impurities across 1.75-1.95 mu m (5710-5130 cm(-1)), with a single-channel detection sensitivity (simultaneously over 2000 channels) of similar to 4x10(-8) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) in nitrogen and, specifically, an absorption sensitivity of similar to 4x10(-7) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) for trace water doped in arsine. C1 [Cossel, K. C.; Adler, F.; Thorpe, M. J.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cossel, K. C.; Adler, F.; Thorpe, M. J.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, K. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Feng, J.; Raynor, M. W.] Matheson Trigas, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. RP Cossel, KC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.cossel@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU AFOSR; DARPA; DTRA; Agilent; NIST; NSF; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We dedicate this paper to Dr. Jun Feng (19572010), who initiated this collaborative project. We would like to thank R. Holzwarth and T. Wilken for helpful discussions. Funding was provided by AFOSR, DARPA, DTRA, Agilent, and NIST. K.C.C. acknowledges support from the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. F.A. is partially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 100 IS 4 BP 917 EP 924 DI 10.1007/s00340-010-4132-5 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 644SZ UT WOS:000281402500033 ER PT J AU Colt, J Kroeger, E Rust, M AF Colt, John Kroeger, Eric Rust, Michael TI Characteristics of oxygen flow through fine bubble diffusers used in the aquaculture hauling applications SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fine bubble diffuser; Pure oxygen aeration; Gas flow ID TRANSPORTATION; QUALITY AB The oxygen flow rate was studied for carbon stone and ceramic plate diffusers, two types of diffusers that are commonly used in hauling applications. New diffusers were used in all experiments. It was found that oxygen flow was largest for dry diffusers operated in air and reduced for diffusers started in air and then placed in water and further reduced for diffusers soaked in water prior to use. The coefficient of variation for the two types of diffusers ranged from 7 to 18% for new units. If individual flow adjustment is not provided for each diffuser in a manifold distribution system (one oxygen source, several diffusers), small differences in pressure losses between diffusers can result in significant differences in oxygen flows. The initial oxygen flow during the loading of fish may be depressed until accumulated water in the hose and diffuser is expelled. Under some conditions, the oxygen flow rate can increase by 2-4 times over a 6-8 h period. Decreases in oxygen flow due to prior history may make it difficult to achieve the needed operating flows in a timely manner without exceeding the diffuser's pressure rating. This problem is likely to become more important due to aging and clogging of the diffusers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John; Kroeger, Eric; Rust, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU Western Regional Aquaculture Center, USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA)) [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant no. 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA)). NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2010.06.001 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 669ZM UT WOS:000283388900004 ER PT J AU Wang, PK Lin, HM Su, SH AF Wang, Pao K. Lin, Hsin-Mu Su, Shih-Hao TI The impact of ice microphysical processes on the life span of a midlatitude supercell storm SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Supercell storms; Ice microphysical processes; Storm lifespan; Cloud resolving model ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SQUALL-LINE; HIGH-PLAINS; THUNDERSTORM; DYNAMICS; NUCLEATION AB The impact of ice microphysical processes on the life span of a US Midwest supercell thunderstorm is studied using a cloud resolving model equipped with explicit cloud microphysical processes. The 2 August 1981 CCOPE supercell is chosen as the model storm to be tested. Three different runs are performed: a control run FPR with full physics (including ice physics), a normal liquid-only run NLR with all ice processes suppressed, and another liquid-only run ELR with artificially enhanced latent heat release to test the impact of thermodynamics versus ice microphysics on the storm's life cycle. The results show that the FPR storm evolves into a quasi-steady supercell whereas both NLR and ELR storms dissipate after similar to 100 min. The ELR storm dissipates even earlier than the NLR storm, demonstrating that the enhanced latent heat release does not help lengthening the storm's life span. Analysis confirms our previous finding that the presence of lower density ice particles enables the storm to develop a circulation that can sustain the quasi-steady storm structure. Implications of the findings are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Pao K.; Su, Shih-Hao] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lin, Hsin-Mu] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, PK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pao@windy.aos.wisc.edu FU US NSF [0729898] FX We would like to acknowledge the partial support of US NSF Grants ATM-0729898. We are grateful to Kenneth Beard who suggested performing this test and Lawrence Wang for proof-reading. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 97 IS 4 SI SI BP 450 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.05.006 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 653BZ UT WOS:000282060000007 ER PT J AU Finn, D Clawson, KL Carter, RG Rich, JD Biltoft, C Leach, M AF Finn, Dennis Clawson, Kirk L. Carter, Roger G. Rich, Jason D. Biltoft, Chris Leach, Martin TI Analysis of Urban Atmosphere Plume Concentration Fluctuations SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Day-night differences; Fluctuation intensity; Probability densities; Toxic dosement; Urban plume dispersion ID DISPERSING PLUME; OKLAHOMA-CITY; STREET CANYON; TURBULENCE STATISTICS; SURFACE-LAYER; AREAS; FLOW; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY AB Concentration variability in the fast-response tracer dataset for continuous, near-surface, point source releases in the urban core from the Joint Urban 2003 field study is analyzed. Concentration variability for conditionally and unconditionally sampled time series is characterized by probability densities, concentration fluctuation intensity, skewness, and kurtosis. Significant day-night differences in plume dispersion are observed. Relative to daytime, nighttime plumes were more likely to have reduced concentration fluctuation intensities, higher normalized surface concentrations, suppressed vertical mixing, and a greater prevalence of Gaussian-like distributions rather than log-normal or mixed mode distributions. This was in spite of the similar stability and turbulence conditions in the urban core for day and night. The potential roles of flow meander and thermal stability in explaining these differences are examined. Probability densities of concentration are found to be a strong function of fluctuation intensity. There are few differences in probability densities between day and night when classified by fluctuation intensity. There are no appreciable differences between conditional and unconditional probability densities and only small differences between conditional and unconditional sampling statistics relative to the larger differences usually observed in more homogeneous settings. Fluctuation intensity, skewness, and kurtosis are higher for the daytime experiments, and closer to the source, but show little difference between conditional and unconditional results over most of their range of values. The log-normal distribution provides a better overall fit to a broader range of the dataset than the exponential or clipped-normal distributions. C1 [Finn, Dennis; Clawson, Kirk L.; Carter, Roger G.; Rich, Jason D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Biltoft, Chris] Adiabat Meteorol Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Leach, Martin] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Finn, D (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM dennis.finn@noaa.gov RI Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016; Finn, Dennis/C-3204-2016 OI Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [MIPR3ADPG87013] FX We wish to acknowledge the efforts of the many people who contributed to the execution of the JU03 study and made possible the analyses contained in this manuscript. These include Debbie Lacroix, Neil Hukari, Randy Johnson, Shane Beard, Tom Strong, Dianne Hoover, Mark Hoover, David George, Camille Erwin, Sean Eldredge, and Ryan Walker from ARLFRD; Jerry Allwine and Julia Flaherty from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Joe Shinn and Frank Gouveia and support staff from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Donnie Storwald, Jim Bowers, and support staff from Dugway Proving Ground; Leo Stockham of Northrop Grumman; and Shankar Rao and Bruce Hicks for their critique of the manuscript. We also thank the City Engineer Paul Brum and JC Reiss and other staff members of the public works department for the logistical support they provided. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, by the U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security, and under contract MIPR3ADPG87013 by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 136 IS 3 BP 431 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s10546-010-9510-3 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 638KJ UT WOS:000280893100006 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Lindsey, DT Servranckx, R Yue, G Trickl, T Sica, R Doucet, P Godin-Beekmann, SE AF Fromm, Michael Lindsey, Daniel T. Servranckx, Rene Yue, Glenn Trickl, Thomas Sica, Robert Doucet, Paul Godin-Beekmann, Sophi E. TI THE UNTOLD STORY OF PYROCUMULONIMBUS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; EL-CHICHON; SAGE-II; PINATUBO ERUPTION; MOUNT-PINATUBO; BOREAL FOREST; AEROSOL CLOUD C1 [Fromm, Michael] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Servranckx, Rene] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Yue, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Trickl, Thomas] IMK IFU, Karlsruher Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Sica, Robert; Doucet, Paul] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON, Canada. [Godin-Beekmann, Sophi E.] UPMC CNRS, Observat Spatiale, Lab Atmosphere, Paris, France. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Trickl, Thomas/F-7331-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU Office of Naval Research FX Level-2 TOMS aerosol index data were provided by the NASA TOMS team. We thank Peter Englefield for Canada fire-location data, and Chuck McHugh for U. S. Forest Service fire data. We also thank Gian Paul Gobbi and the ISAC-CNR Rome group for Frascati lidar data, and Horst Jager for the Garmisch-Partenkirchen aerosol lidar data. The Haute Provence lidar data are from the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and are available online (www.ndacc.org). Radiosonde-derived data were accessed online (http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html), as was the SPARC Data Center (www.sparc.sunysb.edu/html/hres.html). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY Web site (www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) as well as NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship (CLASS; online at www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov/saa/products/welcome) for satellite data used in this publication. The Goddard Automailer interface was also used for trajectory calculations. Pat Kablick provided valuable help improving the manuscript. MDF was supported by NRL internal funding (from the Office of Naval Research). The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA and or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 76 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1193 EP 1209 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3004.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660XC UT WOS:000282678800003 ER PT J AU Gottschalck, J Wheeler, M Weickmann, K Vitart, F Savage, N Lin, H Hendon, H Waliser, D Sperber, K Nakagawa, M Prestrelo, C Flatau, M Higgins, W AF Gottschalck, J. Wheeler, M. Weickmann, K. Vitart, F. Savage, N. Lin, H. Hendon, H. Waliser, D. Sperber, K. Nakagawa, M. Prestrelo, C. Flatau, M. Higgins, W. TI A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING OPERATIONAL MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION FORECASTS A CLIVAR MJO Working Group Project SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; AMERICAN-MONSOON-SYSTEM; 1997-98 EL-NINO; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; SUMMER MONSOON; SIMULATION DIAGNOSTICS; BREAK PHASES C1 [Gottschalck, J.] NOAA NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wheeler, M.; Hendon, H.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Weickmann, K.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Vitart, F.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Savage, N.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Lin, H.] Environm Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Waliser, D.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Sperber, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Livermore, CA USA. [Nakagawa, M.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Flatau, M.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Prestrelo, C.] Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Gottschalck, J (reprint author), NOAA NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jon.gottschalck@noaa.gov RI Wheeler, Matthew/C-9038-2011; Prestrelo, Cristiano/I-5139-2015; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0002-9769-1973; Savage, Nicholas/0000-0001-9391-5100; Lin, Hai/0000-0003-4353-0426 FU U.S. CLIVAR, International CLIVAR; U.S. CLIVAR Office; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to thank the entire MJOWG (in alphabetical order)-Maria Flatau, Jon Gottschalck, Harry Hendon, Wayne Higgins, In-Sik Kang, Daehyun Kim, Hai Lin, Eric Maloney, Mitch Moncrief, Kathy Pegion, Nicholas Savage, Siegfried Schubert, Ken Sperber (cochair), Bill Stern, Augustin Vintzileos, Frederic Vitart, Duane Waliser (cochair), Bin Wang, Wanqui Wang, Klaus Weickmann, Matt Wheeler, and Chidong Zhang. The MJOWG wishes to acknowledge and thank U.S. CLIVAR, International CLIVAR, and the U.S. CLIVAR Office (specifically David Legler and Cathy Stephens) for supporting this working group and its activities. JG wishes to acknowledge and thank Kyong-Hwan Seo and Qin Zhang from Pusan National University Korea and NOAA/CPC respectively for their contributions to code development. KS was supported under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Climate Change Prediction Program by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. DW's contribution to this study was carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 71 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1247 EP 1258 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2816.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660XC UT WOS:000282678800006 ER PT J AU Van Doornik, DM Berejikian, BA Campbell, LA Volk, EC AF Van Doornik, Donald M. Berejikian, Barry A. Campbell, Lance A. Volk, Eric C. TI The effect of a supplementation program on the genetic and life history characteristics of an Oncorhynchus mykiss population SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; RESIDENT RAINBOW-TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION GENETICS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS AB Conservation hatcheries, which supplement natural populations by removing adults or embryos from the natural environment and rearing and releasing parr, smolts, or adults back into their natal or ancestral streams, are increasingly being used to avoid extinction of localized populations of Pacific salmonids. We collected data before and during a steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) supplementation program to investigate the effect that the program has had on the population's genetic diversity and effective population size and any changes to an important life history trait (residency or anadromy). We found that supplementation did not cause substantial changes in the genetic diversity or effective size of the population, most likely because a large proportion of all of the steelhead redds in the river each year were sampled to create the supplementation broodstock. Our data also showed that the captively reared fish released as adults successfully produced parr. Furthermore, we found that during supplementation, there was an increase in the proportion of O. mykiss with anadromous ancestry vs. resident ancestry. C1 [Van Doornik, Donald M.; Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Campbell, Lance A.; Volk, Eric C.] Washington State Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Van Doornik, DM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM don.vandoornik@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1449 EP 1458 DI 10.1139/F10-073 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 662UQ UT WOS:000282839800008 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A McKelvey, DR Ressler, PH AF De Robertis, Alex McKelvey, Denise R. Ressler, Patrick H. TI Development and application of an empirical multifrequency method for backscatter classification SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; TARGET-STRENGTH; ACOUSTIC DATA; ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE; FISH; SCATTERING; SWIMBLADDER; SOUND AB We evaluated the feasibility of identifying major acoustic scatters in North Pacific ecosystems based on empirical measurements of relative frequency response. Acoustic measurements in areas where trawl catches were dominated by single taxa indicated that it might be possible to discern among key groups of scatterers such as fish with gas-filled swimbladders, euphausiids, myctophids, and jellyfish. To establish if walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), a key species in the ecosystem, can be separated reliably from other groups under prevailing conditions, we developed a method based on the normal deviate (or Z score) to identify backscatter consistent with the pollock relative frequency response. We evaluated the performance of the method by comparing it with the traditional method of species identification (i.e., directed trawl catches and subjective interpretation of echograms) during five large-scale acoustic surveys of the eastern Bering Sea. Pollock abundance estimates employing the multifrequency method were highly correlated with those using the traditional method, which indicates that the multifrequency method performs well in this situation. In this environment, multifrequency methods will allow more inferences to be drawn when direct sampling of organisms is limited and will also complement existing abundance surveys by improving species classification and providing information about key nontarget species. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; McKelvey, Denise R.; Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Alex.DeRobertis@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1459 EP 1474 DI 10.1139/F10-075 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 662UQ UT WOS:000282839800009 ER PT J AU Gaichas, SK Aydin, KY Francis, RC AF Gaichas, Sarah K. Aydin, Kerim Y. Francis, Robert C. TI Using food web model results to inform stock assessment estimates of mortality and production for ecosystem-based fisheries management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WALLEYE POLLOCK; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOPATH; ECOSIM; GROWTH; FISH AB Examining food web relationships for commercially important species enhances fisheries management by identifying sources of variability in mortality and production that are not included in standard single-species stock assessments. We use a static mass-balance model to evaluate relationships between species in a large marine ecosystem, the coastal Gulf of Alaska, USA. We focus on food web relationships for four case-study species: Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus steno-lepis), longnose skate (Raja rhina), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), and squids (order Teuthoidea). For each, we present the species' position within the food web, evaluate fishing mortality relative to predation mortality, and evaluate diet compositions. We find that high trophic level (TL) species, whether commercially valuable (halibut) or incidentally caught (skates), have mortality patterns consistent with single-species assessment assumptions, where fishing mortality dominates natural mortality. However, assessments for commercially valuable (pollock) or incidentally caught (squids) mid-TL species can be enhanced by including food web derived predation information because fishing mortality is small compared with high and variable predation mortality. Finally, we outline food web relationships that suggest how production of species may change with diet composition or prey availability. C1 [Gaichas, Sarah K.; Aydin, Kerim Y.] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Francis, Robert C.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Gaichas, SK (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Sarah.Gaichas@noaa.gov FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) [4160] FX We are grateful to Olav Ormseth, Martin Dorn, Jason Link, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful reviews of the manuscript resulting in major improvements. Martin Dorn provided stock assessment information for pollock, and Bill Clark and Steven Hare provided stock assessment information for Pacific halibut. Our model is based on a GOA food web model developed during National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) project No. 4160, "Models of Alternative Management Policies for Marine Ecosystems," led by R. Francis and James Kitchell. John Field, Isaac Kaplan, and Jefferson Hinke contributed greatly to the initial modeling effort, as did Todd Ten Brink, Ivonne Ortiz, Nancy Friday, and Doug Kinzey to the final model. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 23 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1490 EP 1506 DI 10.1139/F10-071 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 662UQ UT WOS:000282839800011 ER PT J AU Gooding, RH Wagner, CA AF Gooding, R. H. Wagner, C. A. TI On a Fortran procedure for rotating spherical-harmonic coefficients SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Rotation Matrices; Inclination functions; Rotation of spherical harmonics; Risbo's approach AB The authors describe a Fortran subroutine that rotates the coefficients of a given spherical-harmonic model (in particular the geopotential). It is based on a paper by T. Risbo, working with the d-functions fundamental to axis rotations in Quantum Mechanics, his approach being equally applicable to the inclination functions of satellite geodesy (which we obtain as an option in the procedure). The subroutine applies Risbo's approach to evaluate, for a given inclination, stably and accurately, the necessary d-functions up to a specified degree, whilst at the same time 'rotating' (for each degree in turn) the values of the harmonic coefficients. We follow Risbo's helpful example by including a listing of the new subroutine. C1 [Gooding, R. H.] Univ Surrey, Ctr Satellite Engn Res, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Wagner, C. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gooding, RH (reprint author), 19 Abbots Ride, Farnham GU9 8HY, Surrey, England. EM family.gooding@virgin.net; carl.wagner@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 108 IS 1 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10569-010-9293-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 636YO UT WOS:000280781600006 ER PT J AU Beardslee, JA Mebust, AK Chaimowitz, AS Davis-VanAtta, CR Leonard, H Moersch, TL Afridi, MY Taylor, CJ AF Beardslee, Joseph A. Mebust, Anna K. Chaimowitz, Adam S. Davis-VanAtta, Casey R. Leonard, Heidi Moersch, Tyler L. Afridi, Mohammed Y. Taylor, Charles J. TI Using Precursor Chemistry to Template Vanadium Oxide for Chemical Sensing SO CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ANHYDROUS METAL NITRATES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRONIC NOSE; FILMS AB Two single source precursors for vanadium oxide (vanadium oxytripropoxide, VO(OC(3)H(7))(3) and vanadium oxytrinitrate, VO(NO(3))(3)) are used to prepare selective chemical sensors. Sensors demonstrate reduced sensitivity to compounds formed during their preparation. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies suggest that this selectivity is likely due to preferred orientation resulting from differences in the molecular structures of the single source precursors used for preparing the vanadium oxide. C1 [Beardslee, Joseph A.; Mebust, Anna K.; Chaimowitz, Adam S.; Davis-VanAtta, Casey R.; Leonard, Heidi; Moersch, Tyler L.; Taylor, Charles J.] Pomona Coll, Dept Chem, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Afridi, Mohammed Y.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beardslee, JA (reprint author), Pomona Coll, Dept Chem, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM ctaylor@pomona.edu FU NIST [70NANB6H6161]; Rose Hills Foundation; Pomona College FX This work was made possible by grants from NIST (70NANB6H6161), the Rose Hills Foundation, and Pomona College SURP program. Raman spectroscopy was performed in the Marsh A. Cooper Bioengineering Laboratory at the Keck Graduate Institute. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0948-1907 J9 CHEM VAPOR DEPOS JI Chem. Vapor Depos. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 7-9 BP 206 EP + DI 10.1002/cvde.201004286 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 661QY UT WOS:000282744000002 ER PT J AU Campbell, T Allard, R Preller, R Smedstad, L Wallcraft, A Chen, S Jin, H Gabersek, S Hodur, R Reich, J Fry, CD Eccles, V Cheng, HP Cheng, JRC Hunter, R DeLuca, C Theurich, G AF Campbell, Tim Allard, Richard Preller, Ruth Smedstad, Lucy Wallcraft, Alan Chen, Sue Jin, Hao Gabersek, Sasa Hodur, Richard Reich, Joseph Fry, Craig D. Ghee Eccles, Vince Cheng, Hwai-Ping Cheng, Jing-Ru C. Hunter, Robert DeLuca, Cecelia Theurich, Gerhard TI Integrated Modeling of the Battlespace Environment SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND AB The goal of the Battlespace Environments Institute (BE!) is to integrate Earth and space modeling capabilities into a seamless, whole-Earth common modeling infrastructure that facilitates interservice development of multiple, mission-specific environmental simulations and supports battlefield decisions, improves interoperability, and reduces operating costs. C1 [Campbell, Tim; Allard, Richard] USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div,Nearshore & Coupled Models Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Chen, Sue; Jin, Hao] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Hodur, Richard; Theurich, Gerhard] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Reich, Joseph] USAF, Weather Agcy, Space Weather Integrat Team, Offutt AFB, NE USA. [Fry, Craig D. Ghee] Explorat Phys Int, Huntsville, AL USA. [Eccles, Vince] Space Environm Corp, Providence, UT USA. [Cheng, Jing-Ru C.; Hunter, Robert] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [DeLuca, Cecelia] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Campbell, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div,Nearshore & Coupled Models Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM tim.campbell@nrlssc.navy.mil; richard.allard@nrlssc.navy.mil; ruth.preller@nrlssc.navy.mil; lucy.smedstad@nrlssc.navy.mil; alan.wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil; sue.chen@nrlmry.navy.mil; hao.jin@nrlmry.navy.mil; sasa.gabersek.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil; richard.hodurctr@nrlmry.navy.mil; joseph.reich@offutt.af.mil; gfry@expi.com; vince@spacenv.com; hwai-ping.cheng@usace.army.mil; Ruth.C.Cheng@usace.army.mil; Robert.M.Hunter@usace.army.mil; cecelia.deluca@noaa.gov; theurich@sourcespring.net OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 FU US DoD; NASA; NOAA National Weather Service and Climate Program Office; US National Science Foundation FX BEI is sponsored by the US DoD HPC Modernization Program (HPCMP) and we carried out our simulations at HPCMP supercomputing resource centers. We thank the NRL's Paul Martin, Paul May, James Doyle, and Eric Rogers for contributing both insight and code to the COAMPS project; and the ERDC's Jerry Lin for model construction, data analyses, and mesh generation. Support and funding for ESMF is through the DoD HPCMP, the NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program, the NOAA National Weather Service and Climate Program Office, and the US National Science Foundation. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the US NRL. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 643IQ UT WOS:000281289200009 ER PT J AU Vujasinovic, M Ivezic, N Barkmeyer, E Marjanovic, Z AF Vujasinovic, Marko Ivezic, Nenad Barkmeyer, Edward Marjanovic, Zoran TI Semantic B2B-integration Using an Ontological Message Metamodel SO CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE enterprise integration; semantic mediation; semantic reconciliation; semantic annotation; message model ID INTEROPERABILITY AB E-Business applications are often required to use different, incompatible, message sets to implement message interfaces for a business-to-business (B2B) communication. This makes communication with every new partner a new interoperability problem. In this article, we present a semantic-mediation architecture that provides for interoperable B2B data exchange. The mediation process is based on an Ontological Metamodel of message schemas and messages, and uses existing reference business ontologies. An approach for message schema semantic reconciliation and annotation is devised to support the mediation. We demonstrate the approach on a scenario that involves two incompatible message interfaces, one UN/EDIFACT based and another OAGIS XML based. C1 [Vujasinovic, Marko; Ivezic, Nenad; Barkmeyer, Edward] NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vujasinovic, Marko; Marjanovic, Zoran] Fac Org Sci, Dept Informat Syst, Belgrade, Serbia. RP Vujasinovic, M (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marko.vujasinovic@gmail.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1063-293X J9 CONCURRENT ENG-RES A JI Concurrent Eng.-Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1177/1063293X10379764 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 654NV UT WOS:000282176100005 ER PT J AU Moore, JW McClure, M Rogers, LA Schindler, DE AF Moore, Jonathan W. McClure, Michelle Rogers, Lauren A. Schindler, Daniel E. TI Synchronization and portfolio performance of threatened salmon SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biocomplexity; Chinook; coherence; portfolio effect; response diversity ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PACIFIC SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; CHINOOK SALMON; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SPATIAL SCALE; RIVER-BASIN; DIVERSITY AB Interpopulation variation in dynamics can buffer species against environmental change. We compared population synchrony in a group of threatened Chinook salmon in the highly impacted Snake River basin (Oregon, Washington, Idaho) to that in the sockeye salmon stock complex of less impact Bristol Bay (Alaska). Over the last 40 years, > 90% of populations in the Snake River basin became more synchronized with one another. However, over that period, sockeye populations from Alaska did not exhibit systemic changes in synchrony. Coincident with increasing Snake River population synchrony, there was an increase in hatchery propagation and the number of large dams, potentially homogenizing habitats and populations. A simulation using economic portfolio theory revealed that synchronization of Snake River salmon decreased risk-adjusted portfolio performance (the ratio of portfolio productivity to variance) and decreased benefits of population richness. Improving portfolio performance for exploited species, especially given future environmental change, requires protecting a diverse range of populations and the varied habitats upon which they depend. C1 [Moore, Jonathan W.; McClure, Michelle] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. [Rogers, Lauren A.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moore, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwmoore@biology.ucsc.edu RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 FU National Research Council; National Marine Fisheries Service; University of Washington; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF FX We thank the people who collected these data. J. Fox and J. Jorgenson provided key assistance with data gathering and analyses. We thank the National Research Council, National Marine Fisheries Service, and the University of Washington Alaska Salmon Program for support. LAR and DES acknowledge the support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the NSF Biocomplexity Program. S. Johnson, N. Dulvy, and several anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 40 TC 63 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 5 BP 340 EP 348 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00119.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 661AX UT WOS:000282696000007 ER PT J AU Manzello, DP AF Manzello, D. P. TI Coral growth with thermal stress and ocean acidification: lessons from the eastern tropical Pacific SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Calcification; Ocean acidification; Climate change; Eastern tropical Pacific; Panama ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS; EL-NINO; BLEACHING EVENT; SKELETAL GROWTH; COSTA-RICA; CALCIFICATION; PORITES; DENSITY AB The rapid growth of scleractinian corals is responsible for the persistence of coral reefs through time. Coral growth rates have declined over the past 30 years in the western Pacific, Indian, and North Atlantic Oceans. The spatial scale of this decline has led researchers to suggest that a global phenomenon like ocean acidification may be responsible. A multi-species inventory of coral growth from Pacific Panama confirms that declines have occurred in some, but not all species. Linear extension declined significantly in the most important reef builder of the eastern tropical Pacific, Pocillopora damicornis, by nearly one-third from 1974 to 2006. The rate of decline in skeletal extension for P. damicornis from Pacific Panama (0.9% year(-1)) was nearly identical to massive Porites in the Indo-Pacific over the past 20-30 years (0.89-1.23% year(-1)). The branching pocilloporid corals have shown an increased tolerance to recurrent thermal stress events in Panama, but appear to be susceptible to acidification. In contrast, the massive pavonid corals have shown less tolerance to thermal stress, but may be less sensitive to acidification. These differing sensitivities will be a fundamental determinant of eastern tropical Pacific coral reef community structure with accelerating climate change that has implications for the future of reef communities worldwide. C1 UM CIMAS, NOAA AOML OCD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Manzello, DP (reprint author), UM CIMAS, NOAA AOML OCD, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Derek.Manzello@noaa.gov RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; FU National Science Foundation [OCE-00002317, OCE-0526361]; NOAA FX Field support was provided by National Science Foundation grants to Peter W. Glynn (OCE-00002317 and OCE-0526361). Additional monetary and logistical support provided by J. Hendee and NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. J. Mate assisted with collection permits and shipping of corals. D. McNeil and A. Buck from the department of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School are graciously acknowledged for allowing me to use the rock saw. A. Ferrell helped with density measurements for the 2005-2006 pocilloporid samples. I. Enochs assisted with buoyant weight setup. A.M.S. Correa assisted with background materials and idea development on Symbiodinium. Critical reviews by R. van Woesik, I. Enochs, A.M.S. Correa, and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 50 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 749 EP 758 DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0623-4 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 629UM UT WOS:000280225200025 ER PT J AU Datta, A Paul, J Kar, A Patra, A Sun, ZL Chen, LD Martin, J Nolas, GS AF Datta, Anuja Paul, Jagannath Kar, Arik Patra, Amitava Sun, Zhengliang Chen, Lidong Martin, Joshua Nolas, George S. TI Facile Chemical Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Thermoelectric Alloys Based on Bi-Sb-Te-Se SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID BISMUTH TELLURIDE NANOPARTICLES; ANTIMONY TELLURIDE; SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; MERIT; BULK; CONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; SB2TE3 AB High yield syntheses of size-confined Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 nanocrystals and nanoflakes, and their alloys, were carried out by a facile glycol-mediated solvothermal process. Phase purity and good crystalline quality were achieved for all alloy compositions by this synthesis process. The isotropically and anisotropically shaped nanocrystals were obtained without using any capping molecule, template, or ligand. Plausible growth mechanisms have been proposed. Densification via spark plasma sintering allowed for dense bulk polycrystalline specimens with nonagglomerated nanograins. This work is of interest in the context of research toward enhancing the thermoelectric properties of these materials. The synthesis process may be modified and extended to design nanostructures of thermoelectric materials with related crystal structures. C1 [Datta, Anuja; Paul, Jagannath; Nolas, George S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kar, Arik; Patra, Amitava] Indian Assoc Cultivat Sci, Dept Mat Sci, Kolkata 700032, India. [Sun, Zhengliang; Chen, Lidong] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. [Martin, Joshua] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@usf.edu RI Chen, Lidong/F-2705-2010; Paul, Jagannath/P-7171-2016 OI Paul, Jagannath/0000-0001-7172-3466 FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command [W81XWH-07-1-0708]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0927637] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command under Grant No. W81XWH-07-1-0708 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0927637. The full description of the procedures used in this paper requires the identification of certain commercial products and their suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as indicating that such products or suppliers are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that they are necessarily the best materials, instruments, software, or suppliers for the purposes described. NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3983 EP 3989 DI 10.1021/cg100560s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 644DW UT WOS:000281353900023 ER PT J AU Peterson, AW Halter, M Tona, A Bhadriraju, K Plant, AL AF Peterson, Alexander W. Halter, Michael Tona, Alessandro Bhadriraju, Kiran Plant, Anne L. TI Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging to Probe Dynamic Interactions Between Cells and Extracellular Matrix SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE vascular smooth muscle cells; fibronectin; imaging; image analysis; label-free; surface plasmon resonance; cell spreading; ruffling ID COUPLED EMISSION; LIVING CELLS; REAL-TIME; FIBRONECTIN; MICROSCOPY; ADHESION; COLLAGEN; HYBRIDIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; FIBROBLASTS AB Spatially resolved details of the interactions of cells with a fibronectin modified surface were examined using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI). SPRI is a label-free technique that is based on the spatial measurement of interfacial refractive index. SPRI is sensitive to short range interactions between cells and their substratum. The high contrast in SPR signal between cell edges and substratum facilitates identification of cell edges and segmentation of cell areas. With this novel technique, we demonstrate visualization of cell-substratum interactions, and how cell-substratum interactions change over time as cells spread, migrate, and undergo membrane ruffling. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Peterson, Alexander W.; Halter, Michael; Tona, Alessandro; Bhadriraju, Kiran; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peterson, AW (reprint author), NIST, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.peterson@nist.gov NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD SEP PY 2010 VL 77A IS 9 BP 895 EP 903 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20938 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 646AU UT WOS:000281508100013 PM 20629195 ER PT J AU Levina, GV Montgomery, MT AF Levina, G. V. Montgomery, M. T. TI A first examination of the helical nature of tropical cyclogenesis SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION; TURBULENCE; CYCLONE C1 [Levina, G. V.] Inst Continuous Media Mech UB RAS, Perm, Russia. [Levina, G. V.] Space Res Inst RAS, Moscow, Russia. [Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Levina, GV (reprint author), Inst Continuous Media Mech UB RAS, Perm, Russia. EM levina@icmm.ru; mtmontgo@nps.edu FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [10-05-00100]; U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380]; International Science and Technology Center [3726] FX We would like to thank G. S. Golitsyn, L.Kh. Ingel, M. V. Kurgansky, P. G. Frick, and O.G. Chkhetiani for stimulating discussions. G. L. is grateful to S. Barve, M. E. Nicholls, and R. A. Stepanov for their help and consultations in organization of numerical simulation. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 10-05-00100), by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant ATM-0733380, and the International Science and Technology Center (project no. 3726). NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1028-334X J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 434 IS 1 BP 1285 EP 1289 DI 10.1134/S1028334X1009031X PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 655BR UT WOS:000282217600031 ER EF