FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Ali, MA
   Stone, PM
AF Ali, M. Asgar
   Stone, P. M.
TI Excitation of the 3p(5)5p levels of argon from the 3p(5)4s metastables
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Argon; Electron excitation; Metastables; Theory
ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; GROUND-STATE
AB Measurements have been reported recently of cross sections for electron-impact excitation of the argon 3p(5)5p manifold of levels from the 3p(5)4s metastable levels. We report results of calculations of the direct excitation cross sections at electron-impact energies from threshold to 500 eV for these transitions. The collision cross sections are calculated in the scaled plane-wave Born approximation (scaled PWB) developed by Kim. This scaling transforms the Born cross sections for dipole-allowed and spin-allowed excitations into reliable cross sections that compare as well with accurate measurements as does the sophisticated and more complex convergent close coupling method. We have used jj coupling in a single LS configuration Dirac-Fock calculation to describe the target wavefunctions. The optical emission cross section measurements, by Jung et al., include estimated contributions of 25% or more from cascading from higher excited levels and so are larger than direct excitation cross sections. Nevertheless, our cross sections agree reasonably well with the measurements for transitions where the core j value remains unchanged, except for the 1s(5)-3p(8) excitation. The results do not agree well with the measurements when the core j value changes, as similarly seen in the results of recent relativistic distorted wave calculations by Sharma et al. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Ali, M. Asgar; Stone, P. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ali, MA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ali@nist.gov
FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy
FX The work was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences,
   US Department of Energy. The authors wish to thank the Physics
   Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and
   colleagues there for their hospitality to us as Guest Researchers. We
   appreciate very much helpful enlightening correspondence with Dr. J.
   Boffard.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-3806
J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM
JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom.
PD JUL 1
PY 2010
VL 294
IS 2-3
BP 59
EP 64
DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.05.002
PG 6
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 632WF
UT WOS:000280459100001
ER

PT J
AU Lin, H
   Gillis, KA
   Zhang, JT
AF Lin, H.
   Gillis, K. A.
   Zhang, J. T.
TI Characterization of Piezoelectric Ceramic Transducer for Accurate
   Speed-of-Sound Measurement
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Workshop on Progress in Determining the Boltzmann
   Constant
CY SEP, 2009
CL Inst Nazl Metrolog, Turin, ITALY
SP Italian Natl Res Inst Metrol
HO Inst Nazl Metrolog
DE Acoustic thermometry; Cylindrical resonator; Piezoelectric ceramic
   transducer; Speed of sound
ID GAS-CONSTANT; RESONATOR; MERCURY
AB Piezoelectric ceramics mounted on the endplates of a cylindrical resonator were used as the source and detector for speed-of-sound measurements. The perturbations of the longitudinal gas modes of the cavity due to the compliance of the diaphragms (10 mm diameter, 0.3 mm thick) and the attached transducers were estimated from first-order perturbation theory. The fractional shift of the resonance frequencies in argon caused by the source and detector was 0.03 x 10(-6) at 0.1 MPa and 273.16 K. The high signal-to-noise ratio (up to 1 x 10(4) with a 6 s integration time) that was obtained with these transducers makes them suitable for acoustic thermometry. The heat dissipation in the source transducer was measured to be only 0.7 mu W at the working voltage (7 V) and frequency (1 kHz).
C1 [Lin, H.; Zhang, J. T.] Natl Inst Metrol, Div Thermometry & Mat Evaluat, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
   [Gillis, K. A.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lin, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Div Thermometry & Mat Evaluat, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
EM linhong@nim.ac.cn; keith.gillis@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 13
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 11
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 7
BP 1234
EP 1247
DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0795-8
PG 14
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 668GD
UT WOS:000283255700003
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JT
   Lin, H
   Sun, JP
   Feng, XJ
   Gillis, KA
   Moldover, MR
AF Zhang, J. T.
   Lin, H.
   Sun, J. P.
   Feng, X. J.
   Gillis, K. A.
   Moldover, M. R.
TI Cylindrical Acoustic Resonator for the Re-determination of the Boltzmann
   Constant
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Workshop on Progress in Determining the Boltzmann
   Constant
CY SEP, 2009
CL Inst Nazl Metrolog, Turin, ITALY
SP Italian Natl Res Inst Metrol
HO Inst Nazl Metrolog
DE Boltzmann constant; Cylindrical acoustic resonator; Two-color
   interferometry
ID GAS-CONSTANT; THERMOMETRY; SPEED; SOUND; DENSITIES; MERCURY
AB The progress towards re-determining the Boltzmann constant k (B) using two fixed-path, gas-filled, cylindrical, acoustic cavity resonators is described. The difference in the lengths of the cavities is measured using optical interferometry. Thus, a literature value for the density of mercury is not used, in contrast with the presently accepted determination of k (B). The longitudinal acoustic resonance modes of a cylindrical cavity have lower quality factors Q than the radial modes of gas-filled, spherical cavities, of equal volume. The lower Qs result in lower signal-to-noise ratios and wider, asymmetric resonances. To improve signal-to-noise ratios, conventional capacitance microphones were replaced with 6.3 mm diameter piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) installed on the outer surfaces of each resonator and coupled to the cavity by diaphragms. This arrangement preserved the shape of the cylindrical cavity, prevented contamination of the gas inside the cavity, and enabled us to measure the longitudinal resonance frequencies with a relative standard uncertainty of 0.2 x 10(-6). The lengths of the cavities and the modes studied will be chosen to reduce the acoustic perturbations due to non-zero boundary admittances at the endplates, e.g., from endplate bending and ducts and/or transducers installed in the endplates. Alternatively, the acoustic perturbations generated by the viscous and thermal boundary layers at the gas-solid boundary can be reduced. Using the techniques outlined here, k (B) can be re-determined with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of 1.5 x 10(-6).
C1 [Zhang, J. T.; Lin, H.; Sun, J. P.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
   [Feng, X. J.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Gillis, K. A.; Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zhang, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
EM zhangjint@nim.ac.cn
RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013
NR 29
TC 14
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 15
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 7
BP 1273
EP 1293
DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0754-4
PG 21
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 668GD
UT WOS:000283255700006
ER

PT J
AU Bajaj, D
   Park, S
   Quinn, GD
   Arola, D
AF Bajaj, Devendra
   Park, Saejin
   Quinn, George D.
   Arola, Dwayne
TI Fracture Processes and Mechanisms of Crack Growth Resistance in Human
   Enamel
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID INDENTATION DAMAGE; HARD TISSUES; TOUGHNESS; CERAMICS; BEHAVIOR; DENTIN;
   TEETH
AB Human enamel has a complex microstructure that varies with distance from the tooth's outer surface. But contributions from the microstructure to the fracture toughness and the mechanisms of crack growth resistance have not been explored in detail. In this investigation the apparent fracture toughness of human enamel and the mechanisms of crack growth resistance were evaluated using the indentation fracture approach and an incremental crack growth technique. Indentation cracks were introduced on polished surfaces of enamel at selected distances from the occlusal surface. In addition, an incremental crack growth. approach using compact tension specimens was used to quantify the crack growth resistance as a function of distance from the occlusal surface. There were significant differences in the apparent toughness estimated using the two approaches, which was attributed to the active crack length and corresponding scale of the toughening mechanisms.
C1 [Quinn, George D.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Bajaj, Devendra; Park, Saejin; Arola, Dwayne] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
   [Arola, Dwayne] Univ Maryland, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Bajaj, D (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Orthoped, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA.
EM darola@umbc.edu
RI Bajaj, Devendra/C-9731-2010
FU National Institutes of Health [NIDCR DE016904, NIDCR DE017983]; National
   Science Foundation [BES 0521467]
FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health
   (NIDCR DE016904) and (NIDCR DE017983) and the National Science
   Foundation (BES 0521467). The authors would also like to thank Ultradent
   Products, Inc. for supplying the Vit-l-escence resin composite and Dr
   Judith Porter of the University of Maryland, Baltimore for help with
   bonding practice.
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1047-4838
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 62
IS 7
BP 76
EP 82
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
   Mining & Mineral Processing
GA 625DW
UT WOS:000279875600014
ER

PT J
AU Sharpless, KE
   Lindstrom, RM
   Nelson, BC
   Phinney, KW
   Rimmer, CA
   Sander, LC
   Schantz, MM
   Spatz, RO
   Thomas, JB
   Turk, GC
   Wise, SA
   Wood, LJ
   Yen, JH
AF Sharpless, Katherine E.
   Lindstrom, Richard M.
   Nelson, Bryant C.
   Phinney, Karen W.
   Rimmer, Catherine A.
   Sander, Lane C.
   Schantz, Michele M.
   Spatz, Rabia O.
   Thomas, Jeanice Brown
   Turk, Gregory C.
   Wise, Stephen A.
   Wood, Laura J.
   Yen, James H.
TI Preparation and Characterization of Standard Reference Material 1849
   Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS; VALUE ASSIGNMENT; MULTIVITAMIN/MULTIELEMENT
   TABLETS; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CERTIFICATION;
   NUTRIENTS; FOODS; ACID
AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a replacement for SRM 1846 Infant Formula, issued in 1996. Extraction characteristics of SRM 1846 have changed over time, as have NIST's analytical capabilities. While certified mass fraction values were provided for five constituents in SRM 1846 (four vitamins plus iodine), certified mass fraction values for 43 constituents are provided in SRM 1849 (fatty acids, elements, and vitamins) and reference mass fraction values are provided for an additional 43 constituents including amino acids and nucleotides, making it the most extensively characterized food-matrix SRM available from NIST.
C1 [Sharpless, Katherine E.; Lindstrom, Richard M.; Nelson, Bryant C.; Phinney, Karen W.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Sander, Lane C.; Schantz, Michele M.; Spatz, Rabia O.; Thomas, Jeanice Brown; Turk, Gregory C.; Wise, Stephen A.; Wood, Laura J.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Yen, James H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sharpless, KE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM katherine.sharpless@nist.gov
NR 27
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 5
PU AOAC INT
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 93
IS 4
BP 1262
EP 1274
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 645UQ
UT WOS:000281492100028
PM 20922961
ER

PT J
AU Kruk, MC
   Gibney, EJ
   Levinson, DH
   Squires, M
AF Kruk, Michael C.
   Gibney, Ethan J.
   Levinson, David H.
   Squires, Michael
TI A Climatology of Inland Winds from Tropical Cyclones for the Eastern
   United States
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HURRICANE ACTIVITY; RECURVATURE; LANDFALL; INTENSITY; STORM; DECAY;
   MODEL
AB Tropical cyclones pose a significant threat to life and property along coastal regions of the United States. As these systems move inland and dissipate, they can also pose a threat to life and property, through heavy rains, high winds, and other severe weather such as tornadoes. While many studies have focused on the impacts from tropical cyclones on coastal counties of the United States, this study goes beyond the coast and examines the impacts caused by tropical cyclones on inland locations. Using geographical information system software, historical track data are used in conjunction with the radial maximum extent of the maximum sustained winds at 34-, 50-, and 64-kt (1 kt approximate to 0.5 m s(-1)) thresholds for all intensities of tropical cyclones and overlaid on a 30-km equal-area grid that covers the eastern half of the United States. The result is a series of maps with frequency distributions and an estimation of return intervals for inland tropical storm- and hurricane-force winds. Knowing where the climatologically favored areas are for tropical cyclones, combined with a climatological expectation of the inland penetration frequency of these storms, can be of tremendous value to forecasters, emergency managers, and the public.
C1 [Kruk, Michael C.] STG Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
   [Gibney, Ethan J.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Asheville, NC USA.
   [Levinson, David H.; Squires, Michael] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Kruk, MC (reprint author), STG Inc, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM michael.kruk@noaa.gov
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 7
BP 1538
EP 1547
DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2389.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 645SU
UT WOS:000281487300012
ER

PT J
AU Wei, JC
   Pan, LL
   Maddy, E
   Pittman, JV
   Divarkarla, M
   Xiong, XZ
   Barnet, C
AF Wei, Jennifer C.
   Pan, Laura L.
   Maddy, Eric
   Pittman, Jasna V.
   Divarkarla, Murty
   Xiong, Xiaozhen
   Barnet, Chris
TI Ozone Profile Retrieval from an Advanced Infrared Sounder: Experiments
   with Tropopause-Based Climatology and Optimal Estimation Approach
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VERTICAL RESOLUTION; STRATOSPHERE; PARAMETERS
AB Motivated by a significant potential for retrieving atmospheric ozone profile information from advanced satellite infrared sounders, this study investigates various methods to optimize ozone retrievals A set of retrieval expel intents has been performed to assess the impact of different background states (or the a priori states) and retrieval algorithms on the relieved ozone profiles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements A new tropopause-based ozone climatology, using publicly available global ozonesonde data to construct the a priori state, is described Comparisons are made with the AIRS version 5 (v5) ozone climatology The authors also present the result of a newly implemented optimal estimation (OE) algorithm and compare it to the current AIRS science team (AST) algorithm used in version The ozone climatology using tropopause-referenced coordinates better preserves the shape and the magnitude of the ozone gradient across the tropopause. especially in the extratropical region The results of the retrieval experiments indicate that the tropopause-referenced climatology not only helps to optimize the use of instrument sensitivity in the UTLS region, but it also provides better constraints to the OE algorithm
C1 [Wei, Jennifer C.; Maddy, Eric; Xiong, Xiaozhen] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA USA.
   [Pan, Laura L.; Pittman, Jasna V.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Divarkarla, Murty] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA.
   [Barnet, Chris] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Wei, JC (reprint author), Perot Syst Govt Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011; Barnet,
   Christopher/F-5573-2010; Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010; Pan,
   Laura/A-9296-2008
OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381;
   Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 27
IS 7
BP 1123
EP 1139
DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1384.1
PG 17
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 632GI
UT WOS:000280410000002
ER

PT J
AU Butler, AH
   Thompson, DWJ
   Heikes, R
AF Butler, Amy H.
   Thompson, David W. J.
   Heikes, Ross
TI The Steady-State Atmospheric Circulation Response to Climate Change-like
   Thermal Forcings in a Simple General Circulation Model
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; RELATIVELY SIMPLE AGCM; ZONAL INDEX;
   TROPOSPHERIC RESPONSE; FLOW INTERACTIONS; DYNAMICAL CORES; TRENDS;
   PERTURBATIONS; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY
AB The steady-state extratropical atmospheric response to thermal forcing is investigated in a simple atmospheric general circulation model. The thermal forcings qualitatively mimic three key aspects of anthropogenic climate change: warming in the tropical troposphere, cooling in the polar stratosphere, and warming at the polar surface. The principal novel findings are the following:
   1) Warming in the tropical troposphere drives two robust responses in the model extratropical circulation: poleward shifts in the extratropical tropospheric storm tracks and a weakened stratospheric Brewer-Dobson circulation. The former result suggests heating in the tropical troposphere plays a fundamental role in the poleward contraction of the storm tracks found in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-class climate change simulations; the latter result is in the opposite sense of the trends in the Brewer-Dobson circulation found in most previous climate change experiments.
   2) Cooling in the polar stratosphere also drives a poleward shift in the extratropical storm tracks. The tropospheric response is largely consistent with that found in previous studies, but it is shown to be very sensitive to the level and depth of the forcing. In the stratosphere, the Brewer-Dobson circulation weakens at midlatitudes, but it strengthens at high latitudes because of anomalously poleward heat fluxes on the flank of the polar vortex.
   3) Warming at the polar surface drives an equatorward shift of the storm tracks. The storm-track response to polar warming is in the opposite sense of the response to tropical tropospheric heating; hence large warming over the Arctic may act to attenuate the response of the Northern Hemisphere storm track to tropical heating.
   4) The signs of the tropospheric and stratospheric responses to all thermal forcings considered here are robust to seasonal changes in the basic state, but the amplitude and details of the responses exhibit noticeable differences between equinoctial and wintertime conditions. Additionally, the responses exhibit marked non-linearity in the sense that the response to multiple thermal forcings applied simultaneously is quantitatively different from the sum of the responses to the same forcings applied independently. Thus the response of the model to a given thermal forcing is demonstrably dependent on the other thermal forcings applied to the model.
C1 [Butler, Amy H.; Thompson, David W. J.; Heikes, Ross] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Butler, AH (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM amy.butler@noaa.gov
RI Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012
OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925
FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); NSF; U.S. DOE
   [DE-FC02-06ER64302]
FX We thank David Randall for use of the CSU AGCM and computing hours at
   the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). We
   also thank Dargan Frierson, Gang Chen, Mike Wallace, Susan Solomon, and
   Paul Kushner for helpful comments on the research, and three anonymous
   reviewers for constructive and insightful comments on the manuscript.
   Amy Butler was funded in part by the United States Environmental
   Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR)
   Graduate Fellowship Program. David W. J. Thompson was funded by the NSF
   Climate Dynamics Program. This work was partially funded by the U.S. DOE
   under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-06ER64302 to Colorado State
   University.
NR 58
TC 78
Z9 79
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 13
BP 3474
EP 3496
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3228.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 628GA
UT WOS:000280101500004
ER

PT J
AU Reynolds, RW
   Chelton, DB
AF Reynolds, Richard W.
   Chelton, Dudley B.
TI Comparisons of Daily Sea Surface Temperature Analyses for 2007-08
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE
AB Six different SST analyses are compared with each other and with buoy data for the period 2007-08. All analyses used different combinations of satellite data [for example, infrared Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and microwave Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) instruments] with different algorithms, spatial resolution, etc. The analyses considered are theNationalClimaticDataCenter (NCDC) AVHRR-only and AMSR + AVHRR, the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA), the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), the Real-Time Global High-Resolution (RTG-HR), and the Operational SST and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA); the spatial grid sizes were 1/4 degrees, 1/4 degrees, 1/9 degrees, 1/11 degrees, 1/12 degrees, and 1/20 degrees, respectively. In addition, all analyses except RSS used in situ data. Most analysis procedures and weighting functions differed. Thus, differences among analyses could be large in high-gradient and data-sparse regions. An example off the coast of South Carolina showed winter SST differences that exceeded 5 degrees C.
   To help quantify SST analysis differences, wavenumber spectra were computed at several locations. These results suggested that the RSS is much noisier and that the RTG-HR analysis is much smoother than the other analyses. Further comparisons made using collocated buoys showed that RSS was especially noisy in the tropics and that RTG-HRhad winter biases near the Aleutians region during January and February 2007. The correlation results show that NCODA and, to a somewhat lesser extent, OSTIA are strongly tuned locally to buoy data. The results also show that grid spacing does not always correlate with analysis resolution.
   The AVHRR-only analysis is useful for climate studies because it is the only daily SST analysis that extends back to September 1981. Furthermore, comparisons of the AVHRR-only analysis and the AMSR+AVHRR analysis show that AMSR data can degrade the combined AMSR and AVHRR resolution in cloud-free regions while AMSR otherwise improves the resolution. These results indicate that changes in satellite instruments over time can impact SST analysis resolution.
C1 [Reynolds, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
   [Chelton, Dudley B.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Chelton, Dudley B.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Oceanog Satellite Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Reynolds, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM richard.w.reynolds@noaa.gov
FU NASA [1283973, 1283976]; NOAA [NA03NES4400001]; NCDC; NOAA Office of
   Global Programs
FX We thank Qingtao Song for help producing the wavenumber spectra in Fig.
   5. DBC was supported by NASA Contract 1283973 and 1283976 from the Jet
   Propulsion Laboratory for funding of Ocean Vector Winds Science Team
   Activities, and by Award NA03NES4400001 to Oregon State University from
   NOAA. We are grateful to NCDC and the NOAA Office of Global Programs,
   which provided partial support for this work. The graphics for many of
   the figures were computed using the Grid Analysis and Display System
   (GrADS) (http://grads.iges.org/grads), Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere
   Studies. We also appreciate the help of two NOAA reviewers (Mike
   McPhaden and Ken Casey) and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 16
TC 54
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 13
BP 3545
EP 3562
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3294.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 628GA
UT WOS:000280101500008
ER

PT J
AU Mo, KC
AF Mo, Kingtse C.
TI Interdecadal Modulation of the Impact of ENSO on Precipitation and
   Temperature over the United States
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-NINO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TELECONNECTIONS; ANOMALIES; PACIFIC;
   CIRCULATION; TRENDS; OCEAN; CYCLE
AB Data from observations and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) twentieth-century climate change model [phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3)] simulations were analyzed to examine the decadal changes of the impact of ENSO on air temperature T(air) and precipitation P over the United States. The comparison of composites for the early period (1915-60) and the recent period (1962-2006) indicates that cooling (warming) over the south and warming (cooling) over the north during ENSO warm (cold) winters have been weakening. The ENSO influence on winter P over the Southwest is strengthening, while the impact on P over the Ohio Valley is weakening for the recent decades. These differences are not due to the long-term trends in T(air) or P; they are attributed to the occurrence of the central Pacific (CPAC) ENSO events in the recent years. The CPAC ENSO differs from the canonical eastern Pacific (EPAC) ENSO. The EPAC ENSO has a sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) maximum in the eastern Pacific. Enhanced convection extends from the date line to the eastern Pacific, with negative anomalies in the western Pacific. The atmospheric responses resemble a tropical Northern Hemisphere pattern. The wave train is consistent with the north-south T(air) contrast over North America during the EPAC ENSO winters. The CPAC ENSO has enhanced convection in the central Pacific. The atmospheric responses show a Pacific-North American pattern. It is consistent with west-east contrast in T(air) and more rainfall over the Southwest during the CPAC ENSO winters.
C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov
FU NCPO/CPPA [NA09OAR4310189]
FX The author wishes to thank Dr. Dennis Lettenmaier and his group from the
   University of Washington for providing P and T<INF>air</INF> data from
   VIC. Thanks to Dr. Fiona Horsfall for encouragement. This work was
   supported by NCPO/CPPA Grant NA09OAR4310189.
NR 26
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 13
BP 3639
EP 3656
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3553.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 628GA
UT WOS:000280101500014
ER

PT J
AU Li, SL
   Perlwitz, J
   Hoerling, MP
   Chen, XT
AF Li, Shuanglin
   Perlwitz, Judith
   Hoerling, Martin P.
   Chen, Xiaoting
TI Opposite Annular Responses of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to
   Indian Ocean Warming
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID ATLANTIC CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTRATROPICAL RESPONSE; HIGH-LATITUDES;
   EL-NINO; PART I; MODEL; OSCILLATION; MECHANISMS; VARIABILITY;
   CIRCULATION
AB Atmospheric circulation changes during boreal winter of the second half of the twentieth century exhibit a trend toward the positive polarity of both the Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM) and the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM). This has occurred in concert with other trends in the climate system, most notably a warming of the Indian Ocean. This study explores whether the tropical Indian Ocean warming played a role in forcing these annular trends. Five different atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) are forced with an idealized, transient warming of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA); the results of this indicate that the warming contributed to the annular trend in the NH but offset the annular trend in SH. The latter result implies that the Indian Ocean warming may have partly cancelled the influence of the stratospheric ozone depletion over the southern polar area, which itself forced a trend toward the positive phase of the SAM. Diagnosis of the physical mechanisms for the annular responses indicates that the direct impact of the diabatic heating induced by the Indian Ocean warming does not account for the annular response in the extratropics. Instead, interactions between the forced stationary wave anomalies and transient eddies is key for the formation of annular structures.
C1 [Li, Shuanglin; Chen, Xiaoting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Perlwitz, Judith; Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Li, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM shuanglin.li@mail.iap.ac.cn
RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008
OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442
FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-BR-14]; National Basic Research
   Program [2010CB428602]; National Natural Science Foundation of China
   [40775053]; NOAA/Climate Program Office
FX The authors thank anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions,
   which led to a significant improvement of the manuscript, and
   acknowledge Dr. Walter Robinson for helpful discussion and Dr. Tore
   Furevik for commenting on an early version of the manuscript. The
   experiments with the GFS, CCM3, CAM3, and ECHAM5 models were carried out
   by Xiaowei Quan, Gary Bates, Adam Phillips, and Kaiming Hu,
   respectively. This study was jointly supported by the Innovation Key
   Program (Grant KZCX2-YW-BR-14) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the
   National Basic Research Program (Grant 2010CB428602), and the National
   Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 40775053). The contribution
   of JP was supported by the NOAA/Climate Program Office.
NR 43
TC 16
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 13
BP 3720
EP 3738
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3410.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 628GA
UT WOS:000280101500018
ER

PT J
AU Shin, SI
   Sardeshmukh, PD
   Webb, RS
AF Shin, Sang-Ik
   Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.
   Webb, Robert S.
TI Optimal Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Forcing of North American
   Drought
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEVERITY INDEX; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY;
   RESOLUTION; ANOMALIES; MODELS; OCEAN
AB The optimal anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) pattern for forcing North American drought is identified through atmospheric general circulation model integrations in which the response of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) is determined for each of 43 prescribed localized SST anomaly "patches'' in a regular array over the tropical oceans. The robustness and relevance of the optimal pattern are established through the consistency of results obtained using two different models, and also by the good correspondence of the projection time series of historical tropical SST anomaly fields on the optimal pattern with the time series of the simulated PDSI in separate model integrations with prescribed time-varying observed global SST fields for 1920-2005. It is noteworthy that this optimal drought forcing pattern differs markedly in the Pacific Ocean from the dominant SST pattern associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and also shows a large sensitivity of North American drought to Indian and Atlantic Ocean SSTs.
C1 [Shin, Sang-Ik; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Shin, Sang-Ik; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Webb, Robert S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Shin, SI (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM sangikshin@marine.usf.edu
FU NSF; NOAA; NASA; DOE
FX We are grateful to Dr. J. Barsugli for his contributions in earlier
   phases of this work. We thank Drs. M. Hoerling, K. Mo, and D. Legler for
   discussions at the Drought in Coupled Models Project (DRICOMP) Workshop
   that were helpful in preparing the manuscript. We also thank J. Eischeid
   and Dr. A. Dai for sharing the PDSI model code used in this study. The
   Max Planck Institute for Meteorology kindly provided the ECHAM5 model
   used here. All our simulations were performed at the NOAA ESRL High
   Performance Computing Systems (HPCS) facility. This research was funded
   by NSF, NOAA, NASA, and DOE as a DRICOMP grant under the U.S. CLIVAR
   Program (www.usclivar.org).
NR 31
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 14
BP 3907
EP 3917
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3360.1
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 643FK
UT WOS:000281280800008
ER

PT J
AU Janicot, S
   Mounier, F
   Gervois, S
   Sultan, B
   Kiladis, GN
AF Janicot, Serge
   Mounier, Flore
   Gervois, Sebastien
   Sultan, Benjamin
   Kiladis, George N.
TI The Dynamics of the West African Monsoon. Part V: The Detection and Role
   of the Dominant Modes of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Rossby Waves
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; SUMMER MONSOON;
   HEAT LOW; ITCZ; EVOLUTION; NUMBER; SHIFT
AB This study is the last in a series of papers addressing the dynamics of the West African summer monsoon at intraseasonal time scales between 10 and 90 days. The signals of convectively coupled equatorial Rossby (ER) waves within the summer African monsoon have been investigated after filtering NOAA outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data within a box delineated by the dispersion curves of the theoretical ER waves. Two families of waves have been detected in the 10-100-day periodicity band by performing a singular spectrum analysis on a regional index of ER-filtered OLR. For each family the first EOF mode has been retained to focus on the main convective variability signal.
   Within the periodicity band of 30-100 days, an ER wave pattern with an approximate wavelength of 13 500 km has been depicted. This ER wave links the MJO mode in the Indian monsoon sector with the main mode of convective variability over West and central Africa. This confirms the investigations carried out in previous studies.
   Within the 10-30-day periodicity band, a separate ER wave pattern has been highlighted in the African monsoon system with an approximate wavelength of 7500 km, a phase speed of 6 m s(-1), and a period of 15 days. The combined OLR and atmospheric circulation pattern looks like a combination of ER wave solutions with meridional wavenumbers of 1 and 2. Its vertical baroclinic profile suggests that this wave is forced by the deep convective heating. Its initiation in terms of OLR modulation is detected north of Lake Victoria, extending northward and then propagating westward along the Sahel latitudes.
   The Sahel mode identified in previous studies corresponds to the second main mode of convective variability within the 10-30-day periodicity band, and this has also been examined. Its pattern and evolution look like the first-mode ER wave pattern and they are temporally correlated with a coefficient of +0.6. About one-third of the Sahel mode events are concomitant with an ER wave occurrence. The main difference between these two signals consists of a stronger OLR and circulation modulation of the Sahel mode over East and central Africa. Thus, the Sahel mode occurrence and its westward propagation could be explained in part by atmospheric dynamics associated with the ER waves and in part by land surface interactions, as shown in other studies.
C1 [Janicot, Serge; Sultan, Benjamin] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, IRD, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
   [Mounier, Flore] EQECAT, Paris, France.
   [Gervois, Sebastien] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LATMOS IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
   [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Janicot, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, IRD, Boite 100,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
EM serge.janicot@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
RI Sultan, Benjamin/C-8957-2012; Janicot, Serge/E-8493-2012
FU European Community
FX We are thankful to NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center (Boulder, CO)
   for providing the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset and the interpolated OLR
   dataset from their Web site (online at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/). The
   authors also thank the reviewers for helping to clarify the text. Based
   on French initiative, AMMA was built by an international scientific
   group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies, especially
   from France, the United Kindgom, the United States, and Africa. It has
   been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European
   Community's Sixth Framework Research Programme. Detailed information on
   scientific coordination and funding is available on the AMMA
   International Web site (http://www.amma-international.org).
NR 46
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 14
BP 4005
EP 4024
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3221.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 643FK
UT WOS:000281280800014
ER

PT J
AU Xu, HHK
   Moreau, JL
   Sun, L
   Chow, LC
AF Xu, H. H. K.
   Moreau, J. L.
   Sun, L.
   Chow, L. C.
TI Novel CaF2 Nanocomposite with High Strength and Fluoride Ion Release
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE dental nanocomposite; CaF2 nanoparticles; fluoride release;
   stress-bearing; dental caries
ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT; RESIN-COMPOSITES; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS;
   MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENTAL APPLICATIONS; CALCIUM-FLUORIDE;
   SHRINKAGE-STRESS; CARIES FORMATION; PO4 RELEASE; COMPOMER
AB Secondary caries and restoration fracture remain common problems in dentistry. This study tested the hypothesis that combining nano-CaF2 and glass fillers would yield nanocomposites with high mechanical properties and F release. Novel CaF2 nanoparticles (56-nm) were synthesized via spray-drying and incorporated into resin. F release increased with increasing the nano-CaF2 content, or with decreasing pH (p < 0.05). F-release rates at 70-84 days were 1.13 mu g/(cm(2).day) and 0.50 mu g/(cm(2).day) for nanocomposites containing 30% and 20% nano-CaF2, respectively. They matched the 0.65 mu g/(cm(2).day) of resin-modified glass ionomer (p > 0.1). The nanocomposites had flexural strengths of 70-120 MPa, after 84-day immersion at pH 4, pH 5.5, and pH 7. These strengths were nearly three-fold that of resin-modified glass ionomer, and matched/exceeded a composite with little F release. In summary, novel CaF2 nanoparticles produced high F release at low filler levels, thereby making room in resin for reinforcement glass. This yielded nanocomposites with high F-release and stress-bearing properties, which may help reduce secondary caries and restoration fracture.
C1 [Xu, H. H. K.; Moreau, J. L.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   [Sun, L.; Chow, L. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
EM hxu@umaryland.edu
FU University of Maryland Dental School [NIH R01DE17974, R01DE16416]; NIST;
   ADAF
FX We thank Esstech (Essington, PA, USA) for providing the monomers,
   Ivoclar (Mississauga, ON, Canada) and 3M (St. Paul, MN) for kindly
   providing materials, and Dr. J.M. Antonucci, M. Peltz, C. Ferraris, and
   B. Hockey at NIST for discussions and help. This study was supported by
   NIH R01DE17974 (HX) and R01DE16416 (LC), by a Maryland
   Nano-Biotechnology Award (HX), by the University of Maryland Dental
   School, NIST, and the ADAF. Certain commercial materials and equipment
   are identified to specify experimental procedures. This does not imply
   recommendation by NIST/ADA.
NR 36
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 15
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 7
BP 739
EP 745
DI 10.1177/0022034510364490
PG 7
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 611OU
UT WOS:000278829300015
PM 20439933
ER

PT J
AU Dickens, SH
   Flaim, GM
   Schumacher, GE
   Eichmiller, FC
   Schafer, DR
   Rutherford, RB
AF Dickens, Sabine H.
   Flaim, Glenn M.
   Schumacher, Gary E.
   Eichmiller, Frederick C.
   Schafer, Duane R.
   Rutherford, R. Bruce
TI Preclinical Effectiveness of a Novel Pulp Capping Material
SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Calcium phosphate cement; dog model; ferret model; inflamed pulps; in
   vivo pulp capping; remineralizing cement; resin-based cement
ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE CEMENTS; DENTAL PULPS; TEETH; HYDROXIDE; THERAPY
AB Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct pulp capping response to a novel resin-based calcium phosphate cement (RCPC). Methods: The RCPC was placed in contact with the exposed healthy pulps of dog teeth and in a follow-up study on the healthy or inflamed pulps of ferret teeth. The inflamed ferret teeth had reversible pulpitis induced with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharides. After direct pulp capping with RCPC or visible light-curing resin-modified calcium hydroxide material (VLCCH) as a control, the restorations were bonded using a composite resin. The pulp responses and dentin repair were evaluated histologically in dog teeth after 7, 28, or 90 days and in ferret teeth after 45 days. Results: Most of the RCPC-treated healthy pulps and 75% of the RCPC-treated inflamed ferret teeth had dentin healing and repair, whereas those teeth treated with VLCCH had minimal healing and dentin repair. Conclusions: The direct pulp capping of ferret and dog teeth with RCPC was associated with superior healing in comparison to VLCCH. (J Endod 2010;36:1222-1225)
C1 [Dickens, Sabine H.; Flaim, Glenn M.; Schumacher, Gary E.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Eichmiller, Frederick C.] Delta Dent Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI USA.
   [Schafer, Duane R.] Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD USA.
   [Rutherford, R. Bruce] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Dickens, SH (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM sabine.dickens@nist.gov
FU NIH/NIDCR [DE013298]; ADAF; NIST
FX Supported by NIH/NIDCR grant # DE013298 and in part by the ADAF and
   NIST.
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0099-2399
J9 J ENDODONT
JI J. Endod.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 7
BP 1222
EP 1225
DI 10.1016/j.joen.2010.02.021
PG 4
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 624FL
UT WOS:000279802000022
PM 20630303
ER

PT J
AU Long, YW
   Huang, Q
   Yang, LX
   Yu, Y
   Lv, YX
   Lynn, JW
   Chen, Y
   Jin, CQ
AF Long, Y. W.
   Huang, Q.
   Yang, L. X.
   Yu, Y.
   Lv, Y. X.
   Lynn, J. W.
   Chen, Ying
   Jin, C. Q.
TI Low-temperature neutron diffraction study of the crystal and magnetic
   phase transitions in DyCrO4
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Neutron diffraction; Phase transition; Transition metal oxide
ID HIGH-PRESSURE; SCHEELITE TRANSITION; ZIRCON; RAMAN; ZRSIO4; OXIDE
AB The crystal and magnetic structures of DyCrO4 were studied using neutron powder diffraction. Complete diffraction data at 3.6, 17, 27, and 40 K show that a crystal structural phase transition from tetragonal I4(1)/amd to orthorhombic Imma symmetry is found to take place between 27 and 40 K. This transition does not involve a significant change in the unit cell volume. Strong ferromagnetic reflections are observed at 3.6 and 17 K, and can be fit well using the magnetic model of space group Im'ma', with the moments of both Dy3+ and Cr5+ ions aligning along the y-axis. Detailed temperature dependent magnetic intensities of 101/011 and 211/121 peaks reveal a Curie temperature of T-c = 22.35(15) K. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Long, Y. W.; Yang, L. X.; Yu, Y.; Lv, Y. X.; Jin, C. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.; Chen, Ying] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chen, Ying] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Jin, CQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Zhongguancun S Str 3, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM Jin@aphy.iphy.ac.cn
RI Long, Youwen/B-2930-2011
FU NSF of China; MOST of China
FX This work was supported by NSF & MOST of China through research
   projects.
NR 24
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-8853
J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER
JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 322
IS 14
BP 1912
EP 1916
DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.01.006
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 584PA
UT WOS:000276763500006
ER

PT J
AU Kim, M
   Yoon, SH
   Payne, WV
   Domanski, PA
AF Kim, Minsung
   Yoon, Seok Ho
   Payne, W. Vance
   Domanski, Piotr A.
TI Development of the reference model for a residential heat pump system
   for cooling mode fault detection and diagnosis
SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Air conditioner; Artificial neural network; Fault detection and
   diagnosis; Heat pump; Polynomial reference model
AB Development of a reference model to predict the value of system parameters during fault-free operation is a basic step for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). In order to develop an accurate and effective reference model of a heat pump system, experimental data that cover a wide range of operating conditions are required. In this study, laboratory data were collected under various operating conditions and then filtered through a moving window steady-state detector. Over five thousand scans of steady-state data were used to develop polynomial regression models of seven system features. A reference model was also developed using an artificial neural network ( ANN), and it is compared to the polynomial models.
C1 [Kim, Minsung] Korea Inst Energy Res, New & Renewable Energy Dept, Taejon 305343, South Korea.
   [Yoon, Seok Ho] Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Dept Energy Plant, Taejon 305343, South Korea.
   [Payne, W. Vance; Domanski, Piotr A.] NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kim, M (reprint author), Korea Inst Energy Res, New & Renewable Energy Dept, Taejon 305343, South Korea.
EM minsungk@kier.re.kr
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 5
PU KOREAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI SEOUL
PA KSTC NEW BLD. 7TH FLOOR, 635-4 YEOKSAM-DONG KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703,
   SOUTH KOREA
SN 1738-494X
J9 J MECH SCI TECHNOL
JI J. Mech. Sci. Technol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 7
BP 1481
EP 1489
DI 10.1007/s12206-010-0408-2
PG 9
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 627UY
UT WOS:000280070100013
ER

PT J
AU Martin, MA
   Perry, A
   Masiello, T
   Schwartz, KD
   Nibler, JW
   Weber, A
   Maki, A
   Blake, TA
AF Martin, M. A.
   Perry, A.
   Masiello, T.
   Schwartz, K. D.
   Nibler, J. W.
   Weber, A.
   Maki, A.
   Blake, T. A.
TI High-resolution infrared spectra of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bicyclopentane; High-resolution infrared spectrum; Ground state
   structure and rotational constants; Ab initio OFT study; Anharmonic
   frequencies
ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE
AB Infrared spectra of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (C(5)H(8)) have been recorded at a resolution (0.0015 cm(-1)) sufficient to resolve for the first time individual rovibrational lines. This initial report presents the ground state constants for this molecule determined from the detailed, analysis of three of the ten infraredallowed bands, v(14)(e') at 540 cm(-1), v(17) (a(2)'') at 1220 cm(-1), v(18)(a) at 832 cm(-1), and a partial analysis of the v(11)(e') band at 1237 cm(-1). The upper states of transitions involving the lowest frequency mode, v(14)(e'), show no evidence of rovibrational perturbations but those for the v(17) and v(18) (a(2)'') modes give clear indication of Coriolis coupling to nearby e' levels. Accordingly, ground state constants were determined by use of the combination-difference method for all three bands. The assigned frequencies provided over 3300 consistent ground state difference values, yielding the following constants for the ground state (in units of cm(-1)): B(0) = 0.2399412(2), D(J) = 6.024(6) x 10(-8), D(JK) = -1.930(21) x 10(-8). For the unperturbed v(14)(e) fundamental, more than 3500 transitions were analyzed and the band origin was found to be at 540.34225(2) cm(-1). The numbers in parentheses are the uncertainties (two standard deviations) in the values of the constants. The results are compared with those obtained previously for [1.1.1]propellane and with those computed at the ab initio anharmonic level using the B3LYP density functional method with a cc-pVTZ basis set. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Martin, M. A.; Perry, A.; Schwartz, K. D.; Nibler, J. W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA.
   [Masiello, T.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hayward, CA 94542 USA.
   [Weber, A.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Blake, T. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA.
EM Niblerj@chem.orst.edu
FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research;
   United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830]
FX J. Nibler acknowledges the support of the Camille and Henry Dreyfus
   Foundation in the form of a Senior Scientist Mentor Award. The research
   described here was performed, in part, in the Environmental Molecular
   Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by
   the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research and located at Pacific Northwest National laboratory (PNNL).
   PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by the
   Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. We thank
   Robert Sams of PNNL for helpful advice and assistance in recording the
   infrared spectra of bicyclopentane in this facility.
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 262
IS 1
BP 42
EP 48
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2010.04.010
PG 7
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 643NK
UT WOS:000281303200007
ER

PT J
AU Farkas, N
   Ramsier, RD
   Dagata, JA
AF Farkas, N.
   Ramsier, R. D.
   Dagata, J. A.
TI High-Voltage Nanoimprint Lithography of Refractory Metal Films
SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Workshop on Tip-Based Nanofabrication
CY OCT 19-21, 2008
CL Howard Int House, Taipei, TAIWAN
HO Howard Int House
DE Scanning Probe Microscopy; Nanoimprint Lithography; Metal-Nitride Thin
   Films
ID NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; LOCAL OXIDATION NANOLITHOGRAPHY; ATOMIC-FORCE
   MICROSCOPE; FIELD-INDUCED OXIDATION; NANO-SCALE OXIDATION; SPM
   OXIDATION; PATTERNS; KINETICS; SILICON; RANGE
AB Local oxidation of metal, semiconductor, and polymer surfaces has provided a common basis from which to explore fundamental principles of nanolithography and prototype functional nanostructures for many years now. This article summarizes an investigation of local oxidation for iron and Group IV metal thin films using both scanning probe microscopy and high-voltage nanoimprinting methods. We illustrate how the underlying kinetics of metal oxidation in the presence of nitrogen, which is incorporated into the metal film during the growth process, is dramatically enhanced compared with that of single-crystal silicon. We then go on to demonstrate subsequent selective etching of latent features and a potential magnetic application.
C1 [Farkas, N.; Dagata, J. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Ramsier, R. D.] Univ Akron, Dept Chem & Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
RP Dagata, JA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 27
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS
PI STEVENSON RANCH
PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA
SN 1533-4880
J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO
JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 7
BP 4423
EP 4433
DI 10.1166/jnn.2010.2351
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
   Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 590BV
UT WOS:000277199300047
PM 21128435
ER

PT J
AU Wu, H
   Simmons, JM
   Srinivas, G
   Zhou, W
   Yildirim, T
AF Wu, Hui
   Simmons, Jason M.
   Srinivas, Gadipelli
   Zhou, Wei
   Yildirim, Taner
TI Adsorption Sites and Binding Nature of CO2 in Prototypical Metal-Organic
   Frameworks: A Combined Neutron Diffraction and First-Principles Study
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; H-2 ADSORPTION; STORAGE; HYDROGEN
AB We report a detailed study of CO2 adsorption in two important metal organic framework (MOF) compounds (Mg-MOF-74 and HKUST-1). In both MOFs, the open metal ions were identified as the primary binding sites through neutron diffraction measurements. The relatively strong metal-CO2 binding was attributed to an enhanced electrostatic interaction, and vibrational mode analysis shows that the adsorbed CO2 molecule is strongly attached through one of its oxygen atoms while the rest of the molecule is relatively free. This high orientational disorder is the reason for the large apparent O-C-O bond bending angle derived from diffraction measurements. Our calculations give only a small degree of bond bending, suggesting that the CO2 adsorption on the open metal site is still largely physisorption. Interestingly, the overall metal-CO2 binding strength is right in the range which can facilitate both adsorption (CO2 capture) and desorption (MOP regeneration) under typical flue gas conditions.
C1 [Wu, Hui; Simmons, Jason M.; Srinivas, Gadipelli; Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Srinivas, Gadipelli; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Zhou, W (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM wzhou@nist.gov; taner@seas.upenn.edu
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009;
   Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Gadipelli,
   Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; National Research Council
FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
   through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (T.Y.). J.M.S. acknowledges
   support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Associate
   Program.
NR 24
TC 143
Z9 143
U1 14
U2 114
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1948-7185
J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT
JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
PD JUL 1
PY 2010
VL 1
IS 13
BP 1946
EP 1951
DI 10.1021/jz100558r
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 620OC
UT WOS:000279508200009
ER

PT J
AU Liu, Y
   Chen, CY
   Chen, HL
   Hong, KL
   Shew, CY
   Li, X
   Liu, L
   Melnichenko, YB
   Smith, GS
   Herwig, KW
   Porcar, L
   Chen, WR
AF Liu, Yun
   Chen, Chun-Yu
   Chen, Hsin-Lung
   Hong, Kunlun
   Shew, Chwen-Yang
   Li, Xin
   Liu, Li
   Melnichenko, Yuri B.
   Smith, Gregory S.
   Herwig, Kenneth W.
   Porcar, Lionel
   Chen, Wei-Ren
TI Electrostatic Swelling and Conformational Variation Observed in
   High-Generation Polyelectrolyte Dendrimers
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PAMAM DENDRIMERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS;
   MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS
AB A combined small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)study was conducted to investigate the structural characteristics of aqueous (D(2)O) solution of generation 7 and 8 (G7 & G8) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer as a function of molecular protonation. A consequent change in the intramolecular dendrimer conformation was clearly quantified by a detailed data analysis separating intermolecular correlations from the intramolecular contribution. Our results unambiguously reveal both an increase in the molecular size and a continuous variation of the intramolecular density profile upon increasing molecular protonation. This observation is contrary to current understanding of high-generation polyelectrolyte dendrimers where steric crowding is supposed to stiffen the local motion of dendrimer segments hindering exploration of available intradendrimer free volume and thereby inhibiting electrostatic swelling. Our observation is relevant to the elucidation of the general microscopic picture of polyelectrolyte dendrimer structure, as well as the development of dendrimer-based packages based on the stimuli-responsive principle.
C1 [Li, Xin; Melnichenko, Yuri B.; Smith, Gregory S.; Herwig, Kenneth W.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Liu, Yun] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
   [Chen, Chun-Yu; Chen, Hsin-Lung] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
   [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA.
   [Li, Xin; Liu, Li] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
   [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
   [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM hichen@che.nthu.edu.tw; porcar@ill.fr; chenw@ornl.gov
RI Chen, Chun-Yu/B-3843-2009; Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Liu,
   Yun/F-6516-2012; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Hong,
   Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111
FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S.
   Department of Energy; CUNY
FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of NCNR NIST in providing the
   neutron research facilities. The research at Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific
   User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S.
   Department of Energy. Sample preparation was conducted at CNMS, which is
   sponsored at ORNL by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S.
   Department of Energy. C.Y.S. acknowledges the support from the CUNY PSC
   grants. We also acknowledge the SAXS beam time provided by NSRRC.
NR 24
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 33
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1948-7185
J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT
JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
PD JUL 1
PY 2010
VL 1
IS 13
BP 2020
EP 2024
DI 10.1021/jz1006143
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 620OC
UT WOS:000279508200022
ER

PT J
AU Farneti, R
   Delworth, TL
   Rosati, AJ
   Griffies, SM
   Zeng, FR
AF Farneti, Riccardo
   Delworth, Thomas L.
   Rosati, Anthony J.
   Griffies, Stephen M.
   Zeng, Fanrong
TI The Role of Mesoscale Eddies in the Rectification of the Southern Ocean
   Response to Climate Change
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; CIRCULATION MODELS; EDDY TRANSFER;
   OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; WIND; RESOLUTION;
   STRATIFICATION; VARIABILITY
AB Simulations from a fine-resolution global coupled model, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 2.4 (CM2.4), are presented, and the results are compared with a coarse version of the same coupled model, CM2.1, under idealized climate change scenarios. A particular focus is given to the dynamical response of the Southern Ocean and the role played by the eddies-parameterized or permitted-in setting the residual circulation and meridional density structure. Compared to the case in which eddies are parameterized and consistent with recent observational and idealized modeling studies, the eddy-permitting integrations of CM2.4 show that eddy activity is greatly energized with increasing mechanical and buoyancy forcings, buffering the ocean to atmospheric changes, and the magnitude of the residual oceanic circulation response is thus greatly reduced. Although compensation is far from being perfect, changes in poleward eddy fluxes partially compensate for the enhanced equatorward Ekman transport, leading to weak modifications in local isopycnal slopes, transport by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and overturning circulation. Since the presence of active ocean eddy dynamics buffers the oceanic response to atmospheric changes, the associated atmospheric response to those reduced ocean changes is also weakened. Further, it is hypothesized that present numerical approaches for the parameterization of eddy-induced transports could be too restrictive and prevent coarse-resolution models from faithfully representing the eddy response to variability and change in the forcing fields.
C1 [Farneti, Riccardo] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
   [Delworth, Thomas L.; Rosati, Anthony J.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Farneti, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS Program, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM riccardo.farneti@noaa.gov
RI Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014
NR 53
TC 96
Z9 96
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 40
IS 7
BP 1539
EP 1557
DI 10.1175/2010JPO4353.1
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 638MP
UT WOS:000280899300007
ER

PT J
AU Chow, LC
AF Chow, Laurence C.
TI Diffusion of Ions Between Two Solutions Saturated With Respect to
   Hydroxyapatite: A Possible Mechanism for Subsurface Demineralization of
   Teeth
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE calcium phosphate; caries; demineralization; diffusion; dissolution;
   hydroxyapatite; precipitation
ID CARIES-LIKE LESIONS; ENAMEL; MODEL; PERMSELECTIVITY; FLUORIDE; CALCIUM
AB Diffusion-controlled dissolution and precipitation reactions occur in many biological systems and some non-stirred in vitro systems. Previous studies have shown that differences in the diffusion rates of the ions involved in a dissolution/precipitation reaction can produce significant effects on the rate and course of the reaction. We report here results of a study that show inter-diffusion of ions between two solutions, both saturated with respect to hydroxyapatite but with dissimilar compositions, resulted in one solution becoming undersaturated and the other supersaturated. A model is proposed that may explain the formation of a mineral-dense layer in the caries process.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chow, LC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM larry.chow@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE16416]
FX This investigation was supported, in part, by Grant DE16416 to the
   American Dental Association Foundation from the National Institute of
   Dental and Craniofacial Research, and was conducted by Paffenbarger
   Research Center at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 4
BP 217
EP 224
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 631AZ
UT WOS:000280320200002
PM 21037801
ER

PT J
AU Vazquez, D
   Takagi, S
   Frukhtbeyn, S
   Chow, LC
AF Vazquez, Debra
   Takagi, Shozo
   Frukhtbeyn, Stan
   Chow, Laurence C.
TI Effects of Addition of Mannitol Crystals on the Porosity and Dissolution
   Rates of a Calcium Phosphate Cement
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE calcium phosphate cement; dissolution rate; mannitol crystal; mechanical
   properties; porosity
ID HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; SETTING REACTION; APATITE CEMENT; BONE;
   RECONSTRUCTION; FIXATION; STRENGTH; IMPLANTS
AB The bone defect repair functions of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) are related to its osteoconductivity and its gradual replacement by new bone. Adding mannitol to CPC may enhance its bone repair potential by increasing CPCs macroporosity and dissolution rate. The objective of the study was to assess microporosity and macroporosity and dissolution rates for CPC mixed with mannitol. Three groups of CPC discs were prepared by combining an equimolar mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate with (0 %, 10 %, or 50 %) mass fraction (hereafter expressed as mass %) of mannitol. Macroporosity and microporosity of the samples were calculated from volume and mass measurements of the discs. Discs were then placed in a pH 3.0 demineralizing solution simulating acidified physiological solution, and dissolution rates were measured by a previously described constant-composition titration method. Pure CPC exhibited no macropores and microporosity (mean +/- s.d.; n = 5) of (46.8 +/- 0.8) % volume fraction (hereafter expressed as vol %). Adding 10 mass % mannitol resulted in 15.6 +/- 3.9 vol % macroporosity and 39.4 +/- 1.8 vol % microporosity, and adding 50 mass % mannitol produced 54.7 +/- 0.8 vol % macroporosity and 21.1 +/- 0.4 vol % microporosity. The dissolution rates (mean +/- s.d.; n = 5) of CPC with (0, 10, and 50) mass % mannitol incorporation were (30.6 +/- 3.4, 44.8 +/- 10.2, and 54.7 +/- 3.6, respectively) mu g . cm(-2) . min(-1), or (0.018 +/- 0.002, 0.032 +/- 0.007, and 0.072 +/- 0.005, respectively) mu L . cm(-2) . min-1. Adding either 10 mass % or 50 mass % mannitol into CPC significantly (p < 0.05) increased CPC dissolution rates. Adding mannitol readily increased macroporosity and dissolution rate of CPC, which may enhance the capacity of CPC to be osteoconductive.
C1 [Vazquez, Debra; Takagi, Shozo; Frukhtbeyn, Stan; Chow, Laurence C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Vazquez, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM shozo.takagi@nist.gov; stan.frukhtbeyn@nist.gov; larry.chow@nist.gov
FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and
   Craniofacial Research [DE11789]
FX This investigation was supported, in part, by USPHS Research Grant
   DE11789 to the American Dental Association Foundation from the National
   Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial
   Research and is part of the dental research program conducted by the
   National Institute of Standards and Technology in cooperation with the
   American Dental Association Foundation.
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 4
BP 225
EP 232
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 631AZ
UT WOS:000280320200003
PM 21037951
ER

PT J
AU Shimada, Y
   Chow, LC
   Takagi, S
   Tagami, J
AF Shimada, Yashushi
   Chow, Laurence C.
   Takagi, Shozo
   Tagami, Junji
TI Properties of Injectable Apatite-Forming Premixed Cements
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bone graft; crystallinity; dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; dual-paste
   premixed calcium phosphate cement; tetracalcium phosphate
ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE CEMENTS; TETRACALCIUM PHOSPHATE; BONE CEMENTS;
   HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; CHEMISTRY
AB Previous studies reported premixed calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) that were stable in the package and form hydroxyapatite (HA) as the product after exposure to an aqueous environment. These cements had setting times of greater than 60 min, which are too long to be useful for some clinical applications. The present study investigated properties of fast-setting HA-forming premixed CPCs that initially consisted of two separate premixed pastes: (1) finely ground (1.0 mu m in median size) dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) mixed with an aqueous NaH(2)PO(4) solution, 1.5 mol/L or 3.0 mol/L in concentration, and (2) tetracalcium phosphate consisting of combinations of particles of two different size distributions, 5 mu m (TTCP5) and 17 mu m (TTCP17) in median size, mixed with glycerin. Equal volume of Pastes 1 and 2 were injected with the use of atwo-barrel syringe fitted with a static mixer into sample molds. The molar Ca/P ratio of combined paste was approximately 1.5. Cements were characterized in terms of setting time (Gilmore needle), diametral tensile strength (DTS), and phase composition (powder x-ray diffraction, XRD). Setting times were found to range from (4.3 +/- 0.6 to 68 +/- 3) min (mean +/- sd; n = 3), and 1-d and 7-d DTS values were from (0.89 +/- 0.08 to 2.44 +/- 0.16) MPa (mean +/- sd; n = 5). Both the NaH2PO4 concentration and TTCP particle size distribution had significant (p < 0.01) effects on setting time and DTS. Powder XRD analysis showed that low crystallinity HA and unreacted DCPA were present in the 1-day specimens, and the extent of HA formation increased with increasing amount of TTCP5 in the TTCP paste. Conclusion: Injectable HA-forming premixed CPCs with setting times from 4 to 70 min can be prepared by using DCPA and TTCP as the ingredients. Compared to the conventional powder liquid cements, these premixed CPCs have the advantages of being easy to use and having a range of hardening times.
C1 [Shimada, Yashushi; Tagami, Junji] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Restorat Sci, Tokyo, Japan.
   [Chow, Laurence C.; Takagi, Shozo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shimada, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Restorat Sci, Tokyo, Japan.
EM larry.chow@nist.gov; shozo.takagi@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE11789]
FX This investigation was supported, in part, by Grant DE11789 to the
   American Dental Association Foundation from the National Institute of
   Dental and Craniofacial Research, and was conducted by Paffenbarger
   Research Center at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 4
BP 233
EP 241
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 631AZ
UT WOS:000280320200004
PM 21479133
ER

PT J
AU Sun, LM
   Chow, LC
   Frukhtbeyn, SA
   Bonevich, JE
AF Sun, Limin
   Chow, Laurence C.
   Frukhtbeyn, Stanislav A.
   Bonevich, John E.
TI Preparation and Properties of Nanoparticles of Calcium Phosphates With
   Various Ca/P Ratios
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE calcium phosphate; Ca/P ratio; ion activity products (IAP);
   nanoparticle; solubility; spray drying
ID HYDROXYAPATITE COATINGS; DENTAL COMPOSITES; DELIVERY-SYSTEM; FLUORIDE;
   CEMENT; MAGNESIUM; RELEASE; POWDERS
AB This study aimed at preparing and studying the properties of nanoparticles of calcium phosphate (nCaP) with Ca/P ratios ranging from 1.0 to 1.67 using a spray-drying technique. Micro-structural analyses suggested that the nCaPs with Ca/P ratios of 1.67 to 1.33 were nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) containing varying amounts of acid phosphate and carbonate. The nCaP with Ca/P ratio of 1 contained only nano-sized low crystalline dicalcium phosphate (DCP). BET measurements of the nCaPs showed specific surface areas of (12 +/- 2 to 50 +/- 1) m(2)/g, corresponding to estimated equivalent spherical diameters of (38 to 172) nm. However, dynamic light scattering measurements revealed much larger particles of (380 +/- 49 to 768 +/- 111) nm, owing to agglomeration of the smaller primary nano particles as revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermodynamic solubility measurements showed that the nCaPs with Ca/P ratio of 1.33 - 1.67 all have similar solubility behavior. The materials were more soluble than the crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) at pH greater than about 4.7, and more soluble than beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and DCP at pH above 5.5. Their solubility approached that of a-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) at about pH 7. These nCaPs, which cannot be readily prepared by other currently available methods for nanoparticle preparation, have potential biomedical applications.
C1 [Sun, Limin; Chow, Laurence C.; Frukhtbeyn, Stanislav A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Bonevich, John E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sun, LM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM limin.sun@nist.gov; larry.chow@nist.gov; stanislav.frukhtbeyn@nist.gov;
   john.bonevich@nist.gov
FU National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Dental and
   Craniofacial Research [DE16416]
FX The authors thank Edwards E. Parry of ADAF-PRC and Dr. Yajun Cheng of
   NIST for experimental assistance. This investigation was supported, in
   part, by USPHS Research Grants DE16416 to the American Dental
   Association Foundation from the National Institutes of Health-National
   Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and is part of the dental
   research program conducted by the National Institute of Standards and
   Technology in cooperation with the American Dental Association
   Foundation.
NR 33
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 11
U2 37
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 4
BP 243
EP 255
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 631AZ
UT WOS:000280320200005
PM 21037948
ER

PT J
AU Markovic, M
   Chow, LC
AF Markovic, M.
   Chow, L. C.
TI An Octacalcium Phosphate Forming Cement
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE calcium hydroxyapatite; calcium phosphate cement; cement liquids;
   diametral tensile strength; hardening time; octacalcium phosphate
ID MARROW STROMAL CELLS; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; BONE-MARROW; TETRACALCIUM
   PHOSPHATE; TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; HYDROXYAPATITE;
   IMPLANTATION; HYDROLYSIS; COATINGS
AB The osteoconductive and possibly osteoinductive characteristics of OCP increased the interest in preparation of bone graft materials that contain OCP in its composition. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) were prepared using a mixture of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), with alpha-TCP / DCPA molar ratio of 1/1 and distilled water or 0.5 mol/L phosphate aqueous solution (pH = 6.1 +/- 0.1) as the cement liquid. Hardening time was (30 +/- 1) min for the CPC mixed with water and (5 +/- 1) min for the CPC mixed with phosphate solution. Diametral tensile strength (DTS), porosity (P), and phase composition (powder x-ray diffraction) were determined after the hardened specimens had been immersed in a physiological-like solution (PLS) for 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d. In CPC specimens prepared with water, calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) was formed and DTS and P were (9.03 +/- 0.48) MPa and (37.05 +/- 0.20) vol % after 1 d, respectively, and (9.15 +/- 0.45) MPa and (37.24 +/- 0.63) vol % after 3 d, respectively. In CPC specimens prepared with phosphate solution OCP and HA were formed and DTS and P were (4.38 +/- 0.49) MPa and (41.44 +/- 1.25) vol % after 1 d, respectively,(4.38 +/- 0.29) MPa and (42.52 +/- 2.15) vol % after 3 d, respectively, and (4.30 +/- 0.60) MPa and (41.38 +/- 1.65) vol % after 7 d, respectively. For each group DTS and P did not change with PLS immersion time. DTS was significantly higher and P was significantly lower for CPCs prepared with water. HA formation slightly increased with immersion time from 40 mass % after 1 d to 50 mass % after 3 d in CPCs prepared with water. OCP + HA formation increased with immersion time from 30 mass % after 1 d to 35 mass % after 3 d and to 45 mass % after 7 d in CPCs prepared with 0.5 mol/L phosphate solution.
C1 [Markovic, M.; Chow, L. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Markovic, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM milenko.markovic@nist.gov; larry.chow@nist.gov
FU National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Dental and
   Craniofacial Research [DE11789]
FX This investigation was supported, in part, by USPHS research Grant
   R01-DE11789 to the American Dental Association Foundation from the
   National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Dental and
   Craniofacial Research and is part of the dental research program
   conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in
   cooperation with American Dental Association Foundation.
NR 36
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 4
BP 257
EP 265
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 631AZ
UT WOS:000280320200006
PM 20976025
ER

PT J
AU Takagi, S
   Frukhtbeyn, S
   Chow, LC
   Sugawara, A
   Fujikawa, K
   Ogata, H
   Hayashi, M
   Ogiso, B
AF Takagi, Shozo
   Frukhtbeyn, Stan
   Chow, Laurence C.
   Sugawara, Akiyoshi
   Fujikawa, Kenji
   Ogata, Hidehiro
   Hayashi, Makoto
   Ogiso, Binnai
TI In Vitro and in Vivo Characteristics of Fluorapatite-Forming Calcium
   Phosphate Cements
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE animal study; biocompatible; fluorapatite-forming calcium phosphate
   cements; high crystallinity; non-resorbable
ID TETRACALCIUM PHOSPHATE; FLUORIDE; HYDROXYAPATITE; ENAMEL
AB This study reports for the first time in vitro and in vivo properties of fluorapatite (FA)-forming calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). The experimental cements contained from (0 to 3.1) mass % of F, corresponding to presence of FA at levels of approximately (0 to 87) mass %. The crystallinity of the apatitic cement product increased greatly with the FA content. When implanted subcutaneously in rats, the in vivo resorption rate decreased significantly with increasing FA content. The cement with the highest FA content was not resorbed in soft tissue, making it the first known biocompatible and bioinert CPC. These bioinert CPCs might be useful for applications where slow or no resorption of the implant is required to achieve the desired clinical outcome.
C1 [Takagi, Shozo; Frukhtbeyn, Stan; Chow, Laurence C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Sugawara, Akiyoshi; Fujikawa, Kenji; Ogata, Hidehiro; Hayashi, Makoto; Ogiso, Binnai] Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Tokyo 101, Japan.
   [Sugawara, Akiyoshi] Sugawara Dent Clin, Tokyo, Japan.
   [Fujikawa, Kenji] Fujikawa Dent Off, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Takagi, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM shozo.takagi@nist.gov; stan.frukhtbeyn@nist.gov; larry.chow@nist.gov;
   hogata@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE 11789]
FX This investigation was supported, in part, by Grant DE 11789 to the
   American Dental Association Foundation from the National Institute of
   Dental and Craniofacial Research, and was conducted by Paffenbarger
   Research Center at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
   The animal study was supported, in part, by Grant DE 11789 to the Nihon
   University School of Dentistry and was conducted at Nihon University
   School of Dentistry.
NR 20
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 4
BP 267
EP 276
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 631AZ
UT WOS:000280320200007
PM 21479080
ER

PT J
AU Sugawara, A
   Fujikawa, K
   Hirayama, S
   Takagi, S
   Chow, LC
AF Sugawara, Akiyoshi
   Fujikawa, Kenji
   Hirayama, Satoshi
   Takagi, Shozo
   Chow, Laurence C.
TI In Vivo Characteristics of Premixed Calcium Phosphate Cements When
   Implanted in Subcutaneous Tissues and Periodontal Bone Defects
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE animal study; histopathological examination; new bone formation;
   periodontal bone defects; premixed calcium phosphate cement
ID ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE
AB Previous studies showed that water-free, premixed calcium phosphate cements (Pre-CPCs) exhibited longer hardening times and lower strengths than conventional CPCs, but were stable in the package. The materials hardened only after being delivered to a wet environment and formed hydroxyapatite as the only product. Pre-CPCs also demonstrated good washout resistance and excellent biocompatibility when implanted in subcutaneous tissues in rats. The present study evaluated characteristics of Pre-CPCs when implanted in subcutaneous tissues (Study I) and used for repairing surgically created two-wall periodontal defects (Study II). Pre-CPC pastes were prepared by combining CPC powders that consisted of CPC-1: Ca-4(PO4)(2)O and CaHPO4, CPC-2: alpha-Ca-3(PO4)(2) and CaCO3 or CPC-3: DCPA and Ca(OH)(2) with a glycerol at powder-to-liquid mass ratios of 3.5, 2.5, and 2.5, respectively. In each cement mixture, the Ca to P molar ratio was 1.67. The glycerol contained Na2HPO4 (30 mass %) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (0.55 %) to accelerate cement hardening and improve washout resistance, respectively. In Study I, the test materials were implanted subcutaneously in rats. Four weeks after the operation, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological observations were performed. The results showed that all of the implanted materials exhibited very slight or negligible inflammatory reactions in tissues contacted with the implants. In Study II, the mandibular premolar teeth of mature beagle dogs were extracted. One month later, two-wall periodontal bone defects were surgically created adjacent to the teeth of the mandibular bone. The defects were filled with the Pre-CPC pastes and the flaps replaced in the preoperative position. The dogs were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery and sections of filled defects resected. Results showed that one month after surgery, the implanted Pre-CPC-1 paste was partially replaced by bone and was converted to bone at 6 months. The pockets filled with Pre-CPC-2 were completely covered by newly formed bone in 1 month. The Pre-CPC-2 was partially replaced by trabecular bone in 1 month and was completely replaced by bone in 6 months. Examination of 1 month and 3 month samples indicated that Pre-CPC-2 resorbed and was replaced by bone more rapidly than Pre-CPC 1. Both Pre-CPC pastes were highly osteoconductive. When implanted in periodontal defects, Pre-CPC-2 was replaced by bone more rapidly than Pre-CPC-1.
C1 [Sugawara, Akiyoshi] Sugawara Dent Clin, Tokyo, Japan.
   [Sugawara, Akiyoshi; Fujikawa, Kenji] Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Tokyo 101, Japan.
   [Fujikawa, Kenji] Fujikawa Dent Off, Tokyo, Japan.
   [Hirayama, Satoshi] Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan.
   [Takagi, Shozo; Chow, Laurence C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sugawara, A (reprint author), Sugawara Dent Clin, Tokyo, Japan.
EM shozo.takagi@nist.gov; larry.chow@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [DE
   11789]
FX This investigation was supported, in part, by Grant DE 11789 to the
   American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF) from the National
   Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), and was conducted
   by Paffenbarger Research Center (PRC) at the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology (NIST). The animal study was supported, in
   part, by Grant DE 11789 to the Nihon University School of Dentistry and
   was conducted at Nihon University School of Dentistry.
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 4
BP 277
EP 290
PG 14
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 631AZ
UT WOS:000280320200008
PM 21037803
ER

PT J
AU Duffy-Anderson, JT
   Doyle, MJ
   Mier, KL
   Stabeno, PJ
   Wilderbuer, TK
AF Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.
   Doyle, Miriam J.
   Mier, Kathryn L.
   Stabeno, Phyllis J.
   Wilderbuer, Thomas K.
TI Early life ecology of Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) in
   the eastern Bering Sea: Seasonality, distribution, and dispersal
SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology
CY NOV 02-08, 2008
CL Sesimbra, PORTUGAL
DE Alaska Plaice; Eggs; Larvae; Distribution; Dispersal; Bering Sea
ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; FISH LARVAE; NORTH-SEA; TRANSPORT; RECRUITMENT;
   GULF; FLATFISHES; PLATESSA; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS
AB We examined the patterns of abundance and distribution of Alaska plaice, Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus, eggs, larvae and pelagic juveniles over the southeastern Bering Sea shelf to better understand factors controlling transport and recruitment of flatfish in the Bering Sea. Ichthyoplankton data were derived from plankton surveys conducted in 1997, 1999, 2002, 2003, and 2005. Temperature, salinity, depth, and abundance of micro-zooplankton were measured concurrently. Eggs and larvae were primarily collected from depths <200 m, with the majority occurring over bottom depths ranging 50-100 m. Eggs were present throughout the water column, though densities of preflexion stage larvae were concentrated at depths 10-20 m. There was no evidence of vertical migration for pre-flexion stages. Spawning in Alaska plaice occurs primarily east of Port Moller in April and May, and eggs and larvae appear to drift to the north and northeast, an observation based on satellite-tracked drifter information, model output, and collections of older, later-stage postlarvae. Connectivity between spawning areas and nursery habitats is likely influenced by wind forcing, so climate-mediated changes to dispersal trajectory or timing is expected to have significant impacts on recruitment in this species, though entrainment in consistent, directional currents may modify these effects. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.; Mier, Kathryn L.; Wilderbuer, Thomas K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Doyle, Miriam J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Duffy-Anderson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Janet.Duffy-Anderson@noaa.gov
NR 37
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-1101
J9 J SEA RES
JI J. Sea Res.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 64
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 3
EP 14
DI 10.1016/j.seares.2009.07.002
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 619OR
UT WOS:000279440000002
ER

PT J
AU Taylor, JC
   Miller, JM
   Pietrafesa, LJ
   Dickey, DA
   Ross, SW
AF Taylor, J. Christopher
   Miller, John M.
   Pietrafesa, Leonard J.
   Dickey, David A.
   Ross, Steve W.
TI Winter winds and river discharge determine juvenile southern flounder
   (Paralichthys lethostigma) recruitment and distribution in North
   Carolina estuaries
SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology
CY NOV 02-08, 2008
CL Sesimbra, PORTUGAL
DE Age 0 Southern Flounder; Distribution; Abundance; Meteorological
   Effects; North Carolina; USA
ID LARVAL TRANSPORT; FISH; SEA; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; CIRCULATION;
   SETTLEMENT; DYNAMICS; FLATFISH; EGG
AB Retrospective analyses of a 23 year data set on abundance of Age 0 southern flounder in 105 estuarine nursery areas in the coastal region of North Carolina showed that discernible temporal and spatial patterns exist among clusters of stations. Furthermore, these patterns could be quantitatively related to certain meteorological and hydrological variables, namely winds from the east-southeast (E-SE) and from the north-northeast (N-NE) sectors and river runoff, which explained up to 83% of the interannual variability in numbers. We developed a regression model using recent catch data (1987-2002) and used the model to hindcast an earlier segment of the time series (1979-1986). The model was found to be quite robust, and could predict year class strength within 1 to 80% in the test set of data. We interpret these results to mean that hydrodynamic factors are principally responsible for the observed interannual recruitment variability in southern flounder in NC, since the interannual pattern in abundance of Age 0 fish persists for 2 more years of adult life. Finally, we discuss the implications of the variable spatial distribution patterns for estimates of year class strength from juvenile abundance data. It is possible that estimates of year class strength with a useful level of confidence could be obtained from meteorological data during the larval migration period. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Miller, John M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Miller, John M.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Taylor, J. Christopher] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   [Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Dickey, David A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Ross, Steve W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
RP Miller, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM john_miller@ncsu.edu
NR 40
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-1101
EI 1873-1414
J9 J SEA RES
JI J. Sea Res.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 64
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 15
EP 25
DI 10.1016/j.seares.2009.09.006
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 619OR
UT WOS:000279440000003
ER

PT J
AU Nystuen, JA
   Moore, SE
   Stabeno, PJ
AF Nystuen, Jeffrey A.
   Moore, Sue E.
   Stabeno, Phyllis J.
TI A sound budget for the southeastern Bering Sea: Measuring wind,
   rainfall, shipping, and other sources of underwater sound
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic measurement; acoustic signal detection; oceanographic
   techniques; underwater acoustic propagation
ID SHELF; NOISE
AB Ambient sound in the ocean contains quantifiable information about the marine environment. A passive aquatic listener (PAL) was deployed at a long-term mooring site in the southeastern Bering Sea from 27 April through 28 September 2004. This was a chain mooring with lots of clanking. However, the sampling strategy of the PAL filtered through this noise and allowed the background sound field to be quantified for natural signals. Distinctive signals include the sound from wind, drizzle and rain. These sources dominate the sound budget and their intensity can be used to quantify wind speed and rainfall rate. The wind speed measurement has an accuracy of +/- 0.4 m s(-1) when compared to a buoy-mounted anemometer. The rainfall rate measurement is consistent with a land-based measurement in the Aleutian chain at Cold Bay, AK (170 km south of the mooring location). Other identifiable sounds include ships and short transient tones. The PAL was designed to reject transients in the range important for quantification of wind speed and rainfall, but serendipitously recorded peaks in the sound spectrum between 200 Hz and 3 kHz. Some of these tones are consistent with whale calls, but most are apparently associated with mooring self-noise. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3436547]
C1 [Nystuen, Jeffrey A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Nystuen, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM nystuen@apl.washington.edu
FU NOAA/EcoFOCI; Navy [N45]
FX This work was supported by NOAA/EcoFOCI and a grant from Navy N45 (F.
   Stone and E. Young). We thank the crew of the NOAA ship Freeman who
   deployed and recovered the M2 mooring (W. Floering and C. DeWitt), and
   to Erin Oleson for listening to the ARP data. This is contribution
   EcoFOCI-N727 to NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem
   Productivity research program and contribution 3450 to the Pacific
   Marine Environmental Laboratory.
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 8
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 128
IS 1
BP 58
EP 65
DI 10.1121/1.3436547
PG 8
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 626WV
UT WOS:000279999700020
PM 20649201
ER

PT J
AU Bullard, JW
   Flatt, RJ
AF Bullard, Jeffrey W.
   Flatt, Robert J.
TI New Insights Into the Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Precipitation on the
   Kinetics of Tricalcium Silicate Hydration
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID C-S-H; INDUCTION PERIOD; PORTLAND-CEMENT; DISSOLUTION; MODEL;
   NUCLEATION; GROWTH; MECHANISMS; LAYER; C3S
AB After decades of research, there still is no universal agreement on the basic mechanisms that are responsible for the induction period (Stage 2) in cement hydration at early times. This paper surveys several theories and critical experimental data on early-age hydration kinetics of tricalcium silicate, the most abundant phase in Portland cement clinker. Using HydratiCA, a kinetic cellular automaton model of cement hydration and microstructure development, we investigate two of the leading hypotheses on the mechanism of slow hydration in Stage 2, and see for each one the implications of suppressing the growth of calcium hydroxide formation. Each hypothesized mechanism leads to quite different kinetic behavior when calcium hydroxide is suppressed, a result which indicates a line of future experimental inquiry that could decisively determine the Stage 2 mechanism. Furthermore, the simulations demonstrate how the early theory of calcium hydroxide triggering might be reconciled to the more modern theoretical models and to the experimental data.
C1 [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Flatt, Robert J.] Sika Technol AG, Corp Res & Analyt, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov
RI Flatt, Robert/D-3295-2013
OI Flatt, Robert/0000-0002-5609-8487
FU Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory Consortium; National
   Institute of Standards and Technology
FX This work was supported by the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing
   Laboratory Consortium and by the Sustainable Concrete Materials program
   at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 48
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 4
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0002-7820
EI 1551-2916
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 93
IS 7
BP 1894
EP 1903
DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03656.x
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 612PY
UT WOS:000278914500017
ER

PT J
AU Godugu, B
   Neta, P
   Simon-Manso, Y
   Stein, SE
AF Godugu, Bhaskar
   Neta, Pedatsur
   Simon-Manso, Yamil
   Stein, Stephen E.
TI Effect of N-Terminal Glutamic Acid and Glutamine on Fragmentation of
   Peptide Ions
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; PROTONATED TRYPTIC PEPTIDES; MOBILE
AB A prominent dissociation path for electrospray generated tryptic peptide ions is the dissociation of the peptide bond linking the second and third residues from the amino-terminus. The formation of the resulting b(2) and y(n-2) fragments has been rationalized by specific facile mechanisms. An examination of spectral libraries shows that this path predominates in diprotonated peptides composed of 12 or fewer residues, with the notable exception of peptides containing glutamine or glutamic acid at the N-terminus. To elucidate the mechanism by which these amino acids affect peptide fragmentation, we synthesized peptides of varying size and composition and examined their MS/MS spectra as a function of collision voltage in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Loss of water from N-terminal glutamic acid and glutamine is observed at a lower voltage than any other fragmentation, leading to cyclization of the terminal residue. This cyclization results in the conversion of the terminal amine group to an imide, which has a lower proton affinity. As a result, the second proton is not localized at the N-terminus but is readily transferred to other sites, leading to fragmentation near the center of the peptide. Further confirmation was obtained by examining peptides with N-terminal pyroglutamic acid and N-acetyl peptides. Peptides with N-terminal proline maintain the trend of forming b(2) and y(n-2) because their ring contains an imine rather than imide and has sufficient proton affinity to retain the proton at the N-terminus. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 1169-1176) (C) 2010 American Society for Mass Spectrometry
C1 [Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Mass Spectral Data Ctr, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stein, SE (reprint author), NIST, Mass Spectral Data Ctr, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM steve.stein@nist.gov
NR 13
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1044-0305
J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR
JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 7
BP 1169
EP 1176
DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.03.027
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry,
   Physical; Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 623KA
UT WOS:000279737200012
PM 20413325
ER

PT J
AU Beechler, BE
   Weiss, JB
   Duane, GS
   Tribbia, J
AF Beechler, Brad E.
   Weiss, Jeffrey B.
   Duane, Gregory S.
   Tribbia, Joseph
TI Jet Alignment in a Two-Layer Quasigeostrophic Channel Using
   One-Dimensional Grid Warping
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA ASSIMILATION; FORECAST ERRORS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PART I;
   SYSTEM; STREAM; VERIFICATION; PREDICTION; MODELS; ECMWF
AB Because of position errors traditional methods of data assimilation can broaden and weaken jets or other flow structures leading to reduced forecast skill. Here a technique to assimilate properties of coherent structures is developed and tested. Focusing on jets, the technique identifies jets in both the modeled and observed fields and warps the model grid so that the jet positions are better aligned prior to further assimilation of observations. The technique is tested using optimal interpolation on the flow in a two-layer quasigeostrophic channel. The results show that a simple and fast jet position correction algorithm can significantly improve the skill of a 12-h forecast. Furthermore, the results indicate that this method of position correction maintains its utility when observations become sparse.
C1 [Beechler, Brad E.] NOAA, GSD, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Beechler, Brad E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Duane, Gregory S.; Tribbia, Joseph] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Beechler, BE (reprint author), NOAA, GSD, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM brad.e.beechler@noaa.gov
RI Weiss, Jeffrey/O-5355-2016
OI Weiss, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0706-861X
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0327929]; NOAA Earth Systems Research
   Lab
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the
   National Science Foundation.; Throughout this study BEB was partially
   supported by NSF Grant ATM-0327929 and the NOAA Earth Systems Research
   Lab. JBW and GSD were partially supported by NSF Grant ATM-0327929.
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 7
BP 2296
EP 2306
DI 10.1175/2009JAS3263.1
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 631JK
UT WOS:000280342500011
ER

PT J
AU Abbott, PJ
   Scace, B
AF Abbott, Patrick J.
   Scace, Brian
TI Safely mounting glass viewports to elastomer sealed vacuum flanges
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
LA English
DT Article
AB Elastomer sealed vacuum flanges rely on especially sized elastomer O-rings and corresponding grooves to make an air-tight seal. Depending on the materials being sealed to one another, the O-ring/groove sealing mechanism may be designed for a specific percentage compression of the O-ring at the point of flange-to-flange contact. In the case of a glass viewport being sealed to a metal flange, however, direct contact between the glass and a mating metallic flange may produce stresses in the glass that can lead to failure during system evacuation or while the system is under vacuum. In this article, the authors first review fundamentals of safe O-ring seal construction that the reader will find useful when designing or inspecting viewports meant for vacuum systems. We then discuss an especially constructed adapter flange that allows the safe sealing of a 20 cm diameter glass viewport to an aluminum O-ring flange that was originally designed for a typical metal flange-to-metal flange seal. Factors affecting the strength of glass are discussed, and calculations for maximum deflection under load and safe glass window thickness are presented. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3442803]
C1 [Abbott, Patrick J.; Scace, Brian] NIST, Mech Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Abbott, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Mech Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM patrick.abbott@nist.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 28
IS 4
BP 573
EP 577
DI 10.1116/1.3442803
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 633DM
UT WOS:000280479700013
ER

PT J
AU Sperling, BA
   Kimes, WA
   Maslar, JE
   Chu, PM
AF Sperling, Brent A.
   Kimes, William A.
   Maslar, James E.
   Chu, Pamela M.
TI Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the gas phase
   during atomic layer deposition
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
LA English
DT Article
ID FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VAPOR-PRESSURE;
   HYDROGEN; PRECURSORS; ZIRCONIA; HAFNIUM; SILICON; WATER
AB In this work, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-based method is developed to measure the gas-phase dynamics occurring during atomic layer deposition. This new technique is demonstrated during the deposition of hafnium oxide using tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium and water vapor. The repeatability of the deposition process is utilized to signal average across multiple cycles. This approach required synchronizing the precursor injection pulses with the moving mirror of the spectrometer. The system as implemented in this work achieves spectra with a time resolution of approximate to 150 ms, but better resolution can be easily obtained. Using this technique, the authors are able to optically measure transients in the molecular number densities of the precursors and product that are the effects of mass transport and surface reactions. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3455187]
C1 [Sperling, Brent A.; Kimes, William A.; Maslar, James E.; Chu, Pamela M.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sperling, BA (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM brent.sperling@nist.gov
NR 42
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 12
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 28
IS 4
BP 613
EP 621
DI 10.1116/1.3455187
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 633DM
UT WOS:000280479700020
ER

PT J
AU Ma, L
   Slattery, O
   Tang, X
AF Ma, L.
   Slattery, O.
   Tang, X.
TI Single Photon Level Spectrum Measurement at Fiber Communication Band
   Using Frequency Up-Conversion Technology
SO LASER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INFRARED SPECTROMETER; WAVE-GUIDE; GENERATION; DETECTOR
AB We have developed a polarization independent (PI) spectrometer based on frequency up-conversion technology for single photon level spectrum measurement at the fiber communication band. To overcome the polarization dependence of the frequency up-conversion process, we use two periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides with a polarizing beam splitter. We experimentally study the sensitivity and resolution of the PI up-conversion spectrometer. We demonstrate the spectrometer by way of a spectrum measurement of a single photon level signal in the communication band.
C1 [Ma, L.; Slattery, O.; Tang, X.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ma, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM lijun.ma@nist.gov; xiao.tang@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1054-660X
J9 LASER PHYS
JI Laser Phys.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 7
BP 1612
EP 1617
DI 10.1134/S1054660X10130141
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 635NJ
UT WOS:000280662100013
ER

PT J
AU Taguchi, M
   Chivers, SJ
   Rosel, PE
   Matsuishi, T
   Abe, S
AF Taguchi, Mioko
   Chivers, Susan J.
   Rosel, Patricia E.
   Matsuishi, Takashi
   Abe, Syuiti
TI Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the harbour porpoise Phocoena
   phocoena in the North Pacific
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POPULATION-GROWTH; CONTROL-REGION; STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY;
   GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SEA; ATLANTIC; TESTS; DIFFERENTIATION; POLYMORPHISM;
   VARIABILITY
AB Genetic structure and phylogeography of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in the North Pacific were examined using 358 bps sequences from the 5' end of the mitochondrial DNA control region including those reported previously and newly obtained from the west Pacific. AMOVA and pairwise population phi (st) estimates clearly revealed genetic differentiation between an east/south and a north/northwest group with the break along the Pacific Rim at British Columbia. In addition, nested clade phylogeographical analysis, neutrality tests, mismatch distribution analysis, genetic diversities and Mantel test, suggested that the observed genetic structure might have been influenced by contiguous range expansion with restricted gene flow in the direction from south to north along the North American coasts and east to west along the Pacific Rim in the middle to late Pleistocene.
C1 [Taguchi, Mioko; Matsuishi, Takashi; Abe, Syuiti] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan.
   [Chivers, Susan J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Rosel, Patricia E.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Taguchi, M (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, 3-1-1 Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan.
EM taguchi@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
RI Matsuishi, Takashi/C-7005-2012
OI Matsuishi, Takashi/0000-0003-0884-3523
FU Japan Science Society
FX We thank Reusch TBH and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful
   comments on the manuscript. We are grateful to all the fishermen,
   researchers, volunteers, and institutes that contributed to the
   collection of the samples used in present study, with special thanks to
   the staffs at Otaru Aquarium, Hokkaido, and Kamogawa Seaworld, Chiba,
   and Drs Hajime Ishikawa, the Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo,
   Shinsuke Tanabe, Ehime University, Ehime, and Tadasu K. Yamada, the
   National Science Museum, Tokyo. We would also like to thank Drs Luis A.
   Pastene, the Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo and Noriko Azuma,
   Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, for their constructive comments. This
   work was partly supported by the Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant from
   the Japan Science Society.
NR 47
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 157
IS 7
BP 1489
EP 1498
DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1423-7
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 611RE
UT WOS:000278837600006
ER

PT J
AU Durban, J
   Ellifrit, D
   Dahlheim, M
   Waite, J
   Matkin, C
   Barrett-Lennard, L
   Ellis, G
   Pitman, R
   LeDuc, R
   Wade, P
AF Durban, J.
   Ellifrit, D.
   Dahlheim, M.
   Waite, J.
   Matkin, C.
   Barrett-Lennard, L.
   Ellis, G.
   Pitman, R.
   LeDuc, R.
   Wade, P.
TI Photographic mark-recapture analysis of clustered mammal-eating killer
   whales around the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; STELLER SEA
   LIONS; ORCINUS-ORCA; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENETIC
   DIFFERENTIATION; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; MIXTURE-MODELS; POPULATION
AB We used photographic mark-recapture methods to estimate the number of mammal-eating "transient" killer whales using the coastal waters from the central Gulf of Alaska to the central Aleutian Islands, around breeding rookeries of endangered Steller sea lions. We identified 154 individual killer whales from 6,489 photographs collected between July 2001 and August 2003. A Bayesian mixture model estimated seven distinct clusters (95% probability interval = 7-10) of individuals that were differentially covered by 14 boat-based surveys exhibiting varying degrees of association in space and time. Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods were used to sample identification probabilities across the distribution of clusters to estimate a total of 345 identified and undetected whales (95% probability interval = 255-487). Estimates of covariance between surveys, in terms of their coverage of these clusters, indicated spatial population structure and seasonal movements from these near-shore waters, suggesting spatial and temporal variation in the predation pressure on coastal marine mammals.
C1 [Durban, J.; Dahlheim, M.; Waite, J.; Wade, P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Matkin, C.] N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
   [Ellifrit, D.] Ctr Whale Res, Harbor, WA 98250 USA.
   [Barrett-Lennard, L.] Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada.
   [Ellis, G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada.
   [Pitman, R.; LeDuc, R.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Durban, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM John.Durban@noaa.gov
FU National Research Council; NOAA's Steller Sea Lion Research Initiative;
   National Marine Mammal Laboratory; North Pacific Universities Marine
   Mammal Research Consortium; Alaska SeaLife Center
FX We are grateful to many scientists and crew who participated in the
   survey efforts. Sue Moore and Caroline Gudmundson contributed killer
   whale photographs, and Alex Zerbini helped with the design of the
   line-transect surveys. Brian Fadely, Devin Johnson and Nancy Friday
   provided comments on earlier drafts, and editorial suggestions were made
   by Gary Duker and James Lee. JWD was supported by a postdoctoral
   research associateship from the National Research Council and field
   efforts were supported by NOAA's Steller Sea Lion Research Initiative,
   with specific funding from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, the
   North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium and the
   Alaska SeaLife Center. Research was conducted under permits 545-1488-03,
   782-1510 or 932-1489-05 issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service.
NR 72
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 22
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0025-3162
EI 1432-1793
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 157
IS 7
BP 1591
EP 1604
DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1432-6
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 611RE
UT WOS:000278837600014
ER

PT J
AU Tabouret, H
   Bareille, G
   Claverie, F
   Pecheyran, C
   Prouzet, P
   Donard, OFX
AF Tabouret, H.
   Bareille, G.
   Claverie, F.
   Pecheyran, C.
   Prouzet, P.
   Donard, O. F. X.
TI Simultaneous use of strontium:calcium and barium:calcium ratios in
   otoliths as markers of habitat: Application to the European eel
   (Anguilla anguilla) in the Adour basin, South West France
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Otoliths; Anguilla anguilla; Estuaries; Water chemistry; Strontium;
   Barium; Laser ablation; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
ID BARRAMUNDI LATES-CALCARIFER; LASER-ABLATION ICPMS; SR-CA RATIOS;
   FRESH-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY; SR/CA RATIOS; DEMOGRAPHIC
   ATTRIBUTES; MIGRATORY PATTERNS; VATERITE OTOLITHS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
AB Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios in water from the Adour estuary show a clear relationship with the salinity of the surrounding water for salinities <20, while ratios are almost constant above this level of salinity. A Positive relationship was observed for the Sr:Ca ratio, whereas it was inverse for the Ba Ca ratio. These two elemental ratios were measured in the otoliths of the European eels (Anguilla anguilla L) using femtosecond laser ablation linked to an ICP-MS (fs-LA ICP-MS) There was a direct relationship between the elemental ratios recorded in eel otoliths and those found in water from fresh and marine areas, suggesting that Sr Ca and Ba:Ca ratios in eel otoliths can be used as markers of habitat in this estuary Continuous profiling allowed the determination of three behaviour patterns in terms of habitat freshwater, estuary and migratory individuals Finally, the above results support the simultaneous use of both ratios for a better understanding of the migratory contingents and also as a relevant method to avoid a misidentification of environmental migratory history due to the presence of vaterite crystal in the otolith matrix. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
C1 [Bareille, G.; Pecheyran, C.; Donard, O. F. X.] IPREM, CNRS UPPA, Lab Chim Analyt Bioinorgan & Environm, UMR 5254, F-64053 Pau 9, France.
   [Tabouret, H.; Prouzet, P.] IFREMER, UFR Cote Basque, Lab Ressources Halieut Aquitaine, F-64600 Anglet, France.
   [Tabouret, H.] MNHN, CNRS, Dept Milieux & Peuplements Aquat Biol Organismes, UMR 7208, F-75005 Paris, France.
   [Claverie, F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bareille, G (reprint author), IPREM, CNRS UPPA, Lab Chim Analyt Bioinorgan & Environm, UMR 5254, Helioparc Pau Pyrenees, F-64053 Pau 9, France.
FU IFREMER; University de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour; CNRS; Aquitaine
   Region
FX The authors are grateful to the National Water and Aquatic Environment
   Office (ONEMA) and MIGRADOUR for their help in the field logistics and
   fish sampling. Thanks to Pauline Pinel-Raffaitin for the salt water Ba
   data. We would like to thank Aurae Ba rats at the Chemical Institute,
   Nice University, for her help in water sampling and her suggestions that
   improved the quality of the paper. We also thank Rosy Cox, a native
   English speaker, for providing writing assistance that lead to the
   clarity and fluency of the English language, and the anonymous reviewers
   for helpful comments on the manuscript This work was supported in the
   framework of the "Groupe De Recherche Adour" program sponsored by
   IFREMER, the University de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour and the CNRS.
   Helene Tabouret acknowledges the Aquitaine Region and IFREMER for her
   doctoral fellowship.
NR 75
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 70
IS 1
BP 35
EP 45
DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.02.006
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA 621FR
UT WOS:000279561400004
PM 20338633
ER

PT J
AU Hauser, N
   Zerbini, AN
   Geyer, Y
   Heide-Jorgensen, MP
   Clapham, P
AF Hauser, Nan
   Zerbini, Alexandre N.
   Geyer, Ygor
   Heide-Jorgensen, Mads-Peter
   Clapham, Phil
TI Movements of satellite-monitored humpback whales, Megaptera
   novaeangliae, from the Cook Islands
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS
C1 [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Clapham, Phil] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Hauser, Nan; Clapham, Phil] S Pacific Whale Res Consortium, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands.
   [Heide-Jorgensen, Mads-Peter] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland.
   [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Geyer, Ygor] Inst Aqualie, Projeto Monitoramento Baleias Satelite, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
RP Clapham, P (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM phillip.clapham@noaa.gov
RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012
FU Greenpeace International
FX This tagging project was financed primarily by Greenpeace International
   as part of a scientific collaboration to carry out non-lethal research
   on specific populations of South Pacific humpback whales; we are very
   grateful for this critical support of the work. This work was conducted
   under ethical guidelines and legal requirements specified in the
   research permit issued by the Government of the Cook Islands (Office of
   the Prime Minister, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands) to Cook Islands
   Whale Research. The manuscript was improved by comments from Dr. D.
   Boness, Dr. D. Nowacek, and three anonymous reviewers.
NR 19
TC 17
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 3
BP 679
EP 685
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00363.x
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 623OA
UT WOS:000279750500010
ER

PT J
AU Isono, T
   Burkanov, VN
   Ueda, N
   Hattori, K
   Yamamura, O
AF Isono, Takeomi
   Burkanov, Vladimir N.
   Ueda, Noritaka
   Hattori, Kaoru
   Yamamura, Orio
TI Resightings of branded Steller sea lions at wintering haul-out sites in
   Hokkaido, Japan 2003-2006
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; ALASKA; DISPERSAL; BEHAVIOR;
   FEMALE; YOUNG
C1 [Isono, Takeomi; Hattori, Kaoru; Yamamura, Orio] Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan.
   [Isono, Takeomi; Ueda, Noritaka] ECONIXE Co Ltd, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0450015, Japan.
   [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia.
RP Yamamura, O (reprint author), Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, 116 Katsurakoi, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan.
EM isonot@affrc.go.jp; orioy@affrc.go.jp
RI Yamamura, Orio/B-3152-2008
OI Yamamura, Orio/0000-0002-8887-2043
FU Japan Fishery Agency
FX This study was supported by the Japan Fishery Agency. We thank Y. Yoneda
   and H. Nakagawa for assistance in the field; T. Ishinazaka, H. Hoshino,
   and T. Takayama for checking branding data.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 3
BP 698
EP 706
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00367.x
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 623OA
UT WOS:000279750500012
ER

PT J
AU Morin, PA
   Pease, VL
   Hancock, BL
   Robertson, KM
   Antolik, CW
   Huebinger, RM
AF Morin, Phillip A.
   Pease, Victoria L.
   Hancock, Brittany L.
   Robertson, Kelly M.
   Antolik, Caroline W.
   Huebinger, Ryan M.
TI Characterization of 42 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for
   the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) for use in discriminating
   populations
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; CONSERVATION;
   MICROSATELLITES; PARAMETERS; DISCOVERY; LOCI
C1 [Morin, Phillip A.; Pease, Victoria L.; Hancock, Brittany L.; Robertson, Kelly M.; Antolik, Caroline W.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Huebinger, Ryan M.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Morin, PA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM phillip.morin@noaa.gov
FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center; North Pacific Research Board [233];
   North Slope Borough
FX The authors are grateful to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, the
   North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication # 233), and the North
   Slope Borough for support of this research. Bowhead whale DNA samples
   for genotyping were supplied by Lianne Postma and Melissa Lindsay
   (Fisheries and Oceans Canada) and Craig George (North Slope Borough),
   and the authors thank the whaling captains, their crew, and the Eskimo
   villages that provided invaluable samples for this study. Additional
   samples for SNP ascertainment were from the SWFSC tissue archive,
   donated by Bob Brownell. The authors especially thank Eric Archer for
   help with calculating sequence polymorphism, and John Bickham for
   sharing bowhead microsatellite library DNA sequences. Helpful comments
   on the paper were provided by Bill Perrin, Natalia Belfiore, Suzanne
   Roden, Patricia Rosel, and three anonymous reviewers.
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 20
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
EI 1748-7692
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 3
BP 716
EP 732
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00362.x
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 623OA
UT WOS:000279750500014
ER

PT J
AU Pitcher, TJ
   Ainsworth, CH
AF Pitcher, Tony J.
   Ainsworth, Cameron H.
TI Resilience to change in two coastal communities: Using the maximum
   dexterity fleet
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Dexterity; Maximum dexterity fleet; Resilience; Ecosystem simulation
   modeling; Ecosystem-based management; Poverty
ID NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOOD-WEB MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS;
   FISHERIES; FUTURE; BACK; MANAGEMENT; INDONESIA
AB Using whole-ecosystem dynamic simulation models fitted to local data, two coastal communities are described (temperate, northern British Columbia, Canada, tropical, Raja Ampat, Indonesia) where relatively poor fishers' livelihoods are threatened by climate change and overfishing. A novel theoretical minimum bycatch scenario, the 'maximum dexterity fleet', is combined with a search algorithm specifying optimal fisheries to achieve economic and biodiversity goals Potential gains made by approaching an optimal fleet configuration prove robust against increased risks from climate variability Although fish, gear and way of life differ greatly, in both communities it is suggested that dexterity (adroitness in adapting fishing gear) could lead to improved benefits from fishing (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
C1 [Pitcher, Tony J.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
   [Ainsworth, Cameron H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Pitcher, TJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RI Ainsworth, Cameron/E-8507-2011
NR 36
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 34
IS 4
SI SI
BP 810
EP 814
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.01.022
PG 5
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA 599IZ
UT WOS:000277906200009
ER

PT J
AU Elliott, M
   Ducrotoy, JP
   Fernandes, TF
   Kingston, PF
   McLusky, DS
   Pearce, JB
   Sheppard, C
AF Elliott, Michael
   Ducrotoy, Jean-Paul
   Fernandes, Teresa F.
   Kingston, Paul F.
   McLusky, Donald S.
   Pearce, Jack B.
   Sheppard, Charles
TI Obituary: Prof Alasdair McIntyre CBE, BSc DSc (Glasgow), DUniv
   (Stirling, Edinburgh Napier), FRSE 1926-2010
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 [Elliott, Michael; Ducrotoy, Jean-Paul] Univ Hull, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England.
   [Fernandes, Teresa F.] Edinburgh Napier Univ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Kingston, Paul F.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Pearce, Jack B.] NOAA, Washington, DC USA.
   [Sheppard, Charles] Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
RP Elliott, M (reprint author), Univ Hull, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England.
EM Mike.Elliott@hull.ac.uk; charles.sheppard@warwick.ac.uk
RI Elliott, Michael/B-4312-2013; 
OI Elliott, Michael/0000-0002-2519-4871; Fernandes,
   Teresa/0000-0002-8541-598X
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 7
BP 941
EP 942
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.019
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 624YG
UT WOS:000279857600001
ER

PT J
AU Madrzykowski, D
   Kerber, S
   Kumar, S
   Panindre, P
AF Madrzykowski, Daniel
   Kerber, Stephen
   Kumar, Sunil
   Panindre, Prabodh
TI WIND, FIRE & HIGH-RISES
SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Madrzykowski, Daniel] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
   [Kumar, Sunil] NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY USA.
RP Madrzykowski, D (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0025-6501
J9 MECH ENG
JI Mech. Eng.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 7
BP 22
EP 27
PG 6
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 620SA
UT WOS:000279518500021
ER

PT J
AU Waples, RS
AF Waples, Robin S.
TI High-grading bias: subtle problems with assessing power of selected
   subsets of loci for population assignment
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT News Item
DE assignment tests; cross-validation; discriminant function analysis;
   independence; jackknife; sample size; split-sample
ID CROSS-VALIDATION
AB Recognition of the importance of cross-validation ('any technique or instance of assessing how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent dataset'; Wiktionary, en.wiktionary.org) is one reason that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission requires all investment products to carry some variation of the disclaimer, 'Past performance is no guarantee of future results.' Even a cursory examination of financial behaviour, however, demonstrates that this warning is regularly ignored, even by those who understand what an independent dataset is. In the natural sciences, an analogue to predicting future returns for an investment strategy is predicting power of a particular algorithm to perform with new data. Once again, the key to developing an unbiased assessment of future performance is through testing with independent data-that is, data that were in no way involved in developing the method in the first place. A 'gold-standard' approach to cross-validation is to divide the data into two parts, one used to develop the algorithm, the other used to test its performance. Because this approach substantially reduces the sample size that can be used in constructing the algorithm, researchers often try other variations of cross-validation to accomplish the same ends. As illustrated by Anderson in this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, however, not all attempts at cross-validation produce the desired result. Anderson used simulated data to evaluate performance of several software programs designed to identify subsets of loci that can be effective for assigning individuals to population of origin based on multilocus genetic data. Such programs are likely to become increasingly popular as researchers seek ways to streamline routine analyses by focusing on small sets of loci that contain most of the desired signal. Anderson found that although some of the programs made an attempt at cross-validation, all failed to meet the 'gold standard' of using truly independent data and therefore produced overly optimistic assessments of power of the selected set of loci-a phenomenon known as 'high grading bias.'.
C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM robin.waples@noaa.gov
RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016
NR 5
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 13
BP 2599
EP 2601
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04675.x
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 619CV
UT WOS:000279407400001
PM 20636893
ER

PT J
AU Tallmon, DA
   Gregovich, D
   Waples, RS
   Baker, CS
   Jackson, J
   Taylor, BL
   Archer, E
   Martien, KK
   Allendorf, FW
   Schwartz, MK
AF Tallmon, David A.
   Gregovich, Dave
   Waples, Robin S.
   Baker, C. Scott
   Jackson, Jennifer
   Taylor, Barbara L.
   Archer, Eric
   Martien, Karen K.
   Allendorf, Fred W.
   Schwartz, Michael K.
TI When are genetic methods useful for estimating contemporary abundance
   and detecting population trends?
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE abundance; effective population size; genetic monitoring; population
   size; population trend
ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SIZE; DNA; PROGRAM; BEARS; DIVERSITY; HISTORY
AB The utility of microsatellite markers for inferring population size and trend has not been rigorously examined, even though these markers are commonly used to monitor the demography of natural populations. We assessed the ability of a linkage disequilibrium estimator of effective population size (N(e)) and a simple capture-recapture estimator of abundance (N) to quantify the size and trend of stable or declining populations (true N = 100-10,000), using simulated Wright-Fisher populations. Neither method accurately or precisely estimated abundance at sample sizes of S = 30 individuals, regardless of true N. However, if larger samples of S = 60 or 120 individuals were collected, these methods provided useful insights into abundance and trends for populations of N = 100-500. At small population sizes (N = 100 or 250), precision of the N(e) estimates was improved slightly more by a doubling of loci sampled than by a doubling of individuals sampled. In general, monitoring N(e) proved a more robust means of identifying stable and declining populations than monitoring N over most of the parameter space we explored, and performance of the N(e) estimator is further enhanced if the N(e)/N ratio is low. However, at the largest population size (N = 10,000), N estimation outperformed N(e). Both methods generally required >= 5 generations to pass between sampling events to correctly identify population trend.
C1 [Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
   [Gregovich, Dave; Taylor, Barbara L.; Archer, Eric; Martien, Karen K.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
   [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
   [Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
   [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
RP Tallmon, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM david.tallmon@uas.alaska.edu
RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; Jackson,
   Jennifer/E-7997-2013
OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; 
FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center [EF-0423641]; NSF [EF-0553768];
   University of California; Santa Barbara; State of California
FX This work was conducted as part of the Genetic Monitoring (GeM) Working
   Group jointly supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center
   (NSF #EF-0423641) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and
   Synthesis, a centre funded by NSF (NSF #EF-0553768), the University of
   California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We thank all
   members of the NCEAS/NESCent Genetic Monitoring Working Group who
   contributed useful input and ideas to this effort. We also thank Paul
   Lukacs and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft
   of this manuscript.
NR 31
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 4
U2 44
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1755-098X
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 684
EP 692
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02831.x
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 609SB
UT WOS:000278676300011
PM 21565073
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, EC
AF Anderson, E. C.
TI Assessing the power of informative subsets of loci for population
   assignment: standard methods are upwardly biased
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE assignment test; cross-validation; holdout data; training data
ID ACCURACY; SELECTION
AB It is well known that statistical classification procedures should be assessed using data that are separate from those used to train the classifier. This principle is commonly overlooked when the classification procedure in question is population assignment using a set of genetic markers that were chosen specifically on the basis of their allele frequencies from amongst a larger number of candidate markers. This oversight leads to a systematic upward bias in the predicted accuracy of the chosen set of markers for population assignment. Three widely used software programs for selecting markers informative for population assignment suffer from this bias. The extent of this bias is documented through a small set of simulations. The relative effect of the bias is largest when screening many candidate loci from poorly differentiated populations. Simple unbiased methods are presented and their use encouraged.
C1 [Anderson, E. C.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
   [Anderson, E. C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM eric.anderson@noaa.gov
NR 17
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 19
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1755-098X
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 701
EP 710
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02846.x
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 609SB
UT WOS:000278676300013
PM 21565075
ER

PT J
AU Bond, NA
   Cronin, MF
   Garvert, M
AF Bond, Nicholas A.
   Cronin, Meghan F.
   Garvert, Matthew
TI Atmospheric Sensitivity to SST near the Kuroshio Extension during the
   Extratropical Transition of Typhoon Tokage
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; AIR-SEA INTERACTION;
   LIFE-CYCLE; EVOLUTION; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; IMPACTS;
   MODEL
AB It is hypothesized that the tropical-to-extratropical transition of a cyclone in the western North Pacific can be sensitive to the underlying sea surface temperature (SST) distribution. This hypothesis was tested through a case study of Typhoon Tokage using a series of high-resolution simulations by the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) numerical weather prediction model. Simulations were carried out for a control SST distribution and for SST distributions with imposed warm and cold perturbations of 1.5 degrees C maximum amplitude in the vicinity of the Kuroshio Extension. The simulations with the warm SST perturbation yielded a cyclone slightly weaker than in the control SST case about 2 days after transition. In contrast, the cold SST perturbation case yielded a cyclone with a central pressure 10 hPa lower than in the control case at the same point in the storm's life cycle, apparently due to its more northward track and hence closer proximity to an approaching upper-level trough and perhaps in association with a stronger warm front. The effects of the regional SST on the simulated storms are manifested not just locally, but also cause substantial impacts on 500-hPa geopotential heights over much of the North Pacific basin. Retrospective analysis of meridional heat fluxes associated with these events using the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis was carried out for early fall (September-November) seasons with relatively warm and cool SST in the region of the imposed SST perturbations. Differences in the patterns of these fluxes between the warm and cool years are broadly consistent with the results from the warm versus cool SST simulations for Typhoon Tokage.
C1 [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Garvert, Matthew] 3Tier, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Bond, NA (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, Box 354925, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM nab3met@u.washington.edu
FU NOAA's Office of Global Programs CLIVAR Program; Joint Institute for the
   Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO); NOAA [NA17RJ1232]
FX We appreciate the thorough and insightful reviews provided by three
   anonymous reviewers. Support for this research was provided by NOAA's
   Office of Global Programs CLIVAR Program. This publication is partially
   funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
   (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232.
NR 27
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 7
BP 2644
EP 2663
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3198.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 637PI
UT WOS:000280830200009
ER

PT J
AU Villarini, G
   Vecchi, GA
   Smith, JA
AF Villarini, Gabriele
   Vecchi, Gabriel A.
   Smith, James A.
TI Modeling the Dependence of Tropical Storm Counts in the North Atlantic
   Basin on Climate Indices
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MAJOR HURRICANE ACTIVITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WEST-AFRICAN
   RAINFALL; UNITED-STATES; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; EL-NINO; STRONG ASSOCIATION;
   REGRESSION-MODEL; HIGH-RESOLUTION; RECENT INCREASE
AB The authors analyze and model time series of annual counts of tropical storms lasting more than 2 days in the North Atlantic basin and U. S. landfalling tropical storms over the period 1878-2008 in relation to different climate indices. The climate indices considered are the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), tropical mean SST, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). Given the uncertainties associated with a possible tropical storm undercount in the presatellite era, two different time series of counts for the North Atlantic basin are employed: one is the original (uncorrected) tropical storm record maintained by the National Hurricane Center and the other one is with a correction for the estimated undercount associated with a changing observation network. Two different SST time series are considered: the Met Office's HadISSTv1 and NOAA's Extended Reconstructed SST.
   Given the nature of the data (counts), a Poisson regression model is adopted. The selection of statistically significant covariates is performed by penalizing models for adding extra parameters and two penalty functions are used. Depending on the penalty function, slightly different models, both in terms of covariates and dependence of the model's parameter, are obtained, showing that there is not a "single best'' model. Moreover, results are sensitive to the undercount correction and the SST time series.
   Suggestions concerning the model to use are provided, driven by both the outcomes of the statistical analyses and the current understanding of the underlying physical processes responsible for the genesis, development, and tracks of tropical storms in the North Atlantic basin. Although no single model is unequivocally superior to the others, the authors suggest a very parsimonious family of models using as covariates tropical Atlantic and tropical mean SSTs.
C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Smith, James A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM gvillari@princeton.edu
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini,
   Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370
FU Willis Research Network; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0653772]
FX This research was funded by the Willis Research Network and the National
   Science Foundation (Grant CMMI-0653772). The authors thank Dr.
   Stasinopoulos, Dr. Rigby, and Dr. Akantziliotou for making the gamlss
   package (Stasinopoulos et al. 2007) freely available in R (R Development
   Core Team 2008) and Renato Vitolo (Exeter) for helpful discussions.
NR 118
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 7
BP 2681
EP 2705
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3315.1
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 637PI
UT WOS:000280830200011
ER

PT J
AU Carlis, DL
   Chen, YL
   Morris, VR
AF Carlis, DaNa L.
   Chen, Yi-Leng
   Morris, Vernon R.
TI Numerical Simulations of Island-Scale Airflow over Maui and the Maui
   Vortex under Summer Trade Wind Conditions
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE SPECTRAL MODEL; PAST 3-DIMENSIONAL OBSTACLES;
   SURFACE-HYDROLOGY MODEL; ISOLATED TOPOGRAPHY; PART II; CLOUD
   DISTRIBUTIONS; DIURNAL-VARIATION; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; STRATIFIED FLOWS;
   WAKE FORMATION
AB The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) coupled with the Noah land surface model (LSM) is employed to simulate island-scale airflow and circulations over Maui County, Hawaii, under summer trade wind conditions, during July-August 2005. The model forecasts are validated by surface observations with good agreement.
   In this study, it is shown that a previously known closed circulation over the Central Valley of Maui, or the Maui vortex, represents the northern cyclonic vortex of the dual-counter-rotating vortices in the lee of Haleakala, which extend up to the base of the trade wind inversion with a westerly reversed flow (> 2 m s(-1)). At low levels, the northern cyclonic vortex is more pronounced than the southern anticyclonic vortex. The asymmetric structure of the dual vortices is related to the shape of Haleakala and the flow deflection by the West Maui Mountains. The Maui vortex has a relatively narrow east-west extent in the lowest levels, especially at night, due to the deflected strong northerly/northeasterly winds from the windward foothills of the West Maui Mountains. Unlike the lee vortices off the leeside coast of the island of Hawaii, the Maui vortex and the westerly return flow in low levels are mainly over land and are strongly modulated by the diurnal heating cycle. In addition, the location and horizontal and vertical extent are affected by the trade wind speed and latent heat release.
   Over the West Maui Mountains, with their height below the trade wind inversion, dual-counter-rotating vortices are present below the 1-km level in the wake, with strong downslope flow on the leeside slopes followed by a hydraulic jump. In the afternoon, downslope winds are weak, with combined westerly return/sea-breeze flow along the leeside coast. Orographic blocking is also evident over eastern Molokai with strong downslope winds, especially at night.
C1 [Carlis, DaNa L.; Morris, Vernon R.] Howard Univ, Program Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA.
   [Carlis, DaNa L.] Natl Weather Serv, Honolulu Weather Forecast Off, Honolulu, HI USA.
   [Chen, Yi-Leng] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Carlis, DL (reprint author), NCEP EMC, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM dana.carlis@noaa.gov
FU NOAA; Graduate Scientists Program (GSP); National Weather Service
   Pacific Region; USDA Forest Service [05-JV-11272165-015]; COMET/UCAR
   [S0975789]
FX This work was funded by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program (EPP)
   Graduate Scientists Program (GSP), the National Weather Service Pacific
   Region, the USDA Forest Service under Agreement 05-JV-11272165-015, and
   COMET/UCAR under Grant S0975789. We thank Hiep Van Nguyen and David
   Hitzl for their assistance.
NR 46
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 7
BP 2706
EP 2736
DI 10.1175/2009MWR3236.1
PG 31
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 637PI
UT WOS:000280830200012
ER

PT J
AU Majumdar, SJ
   Sellwood, KJ
   Hodyss, D
   Toth, Z
   Song, YC
AF Majumdar, Sharanya J.
   Sellwood, Kathryn J.
   Hodyss, Daniel
   Toth, Zoltan
   Song, Yucheng
TI Characteristics of Target Areas Selected by the Ensemble Transform
   Kalman Filter for Medium-Range Forecasts of High-Impact Winter Weather
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID DOWNSTREAM BAROCLINIC DEVELOPMENT; ADAPTIVE OBSERVING GUIDANCE; ATLANTIC
   TROPICAL CYCLONES; DATA ASSIMILATION; SINGULAR VECTORS; MESOSCALE
   PREDICTABILITY; INITIAL PERTURBATIONS; UPSTREAM DEVELOPMENT;
   WAVE-PACKETS; STORM TRACK
AB The characteristics of "target'' locations of tropospheric wind and temperature identified by a modified version of the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF), in order to reduce 0-7-day forecast errors over North America, are explored from the perspective of a field program planner. Twenty cases of potential high-impact weather over the continent were investigated, using a 145-member ensemble comprising perturbations from NCEP, ECMWF, and the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC).
   Multiple targets were found to exist in the midlatitude storm track. In half of the cases, distinctive targets could be traced upstream near Japan at lead times of 4-7 days. In these cases, the flow was predominantly zonal and a coherent Rossby wave packet was present over the northern Pacific Ocean. The targets at the longest lead times were often located within propagating areas of baroclinic energy conversion far upstream. As the lead time was reduced, these targets were found to diminish in importance, with downstream targets corresponding to a separate synoptic system gaining in prominence. This shift in optimal targets is sometimes consistent with the radiation of ageostrophic geopotential fluxes and transfer of eddy kinetic energy downstream, associated with downstream baroclinic development. Concurrently, multiple targets arise due to spurious long-distance correlations in the ETKF. The targets were least coherent in blocked flows, in which the ETKF is known to be least reliable. The effectiveness of targeting in the medium range requires evaluation, using data such as those collected during the winter phase of The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Field Campaign (T-PARC) in 2009.
C1 [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Hodyss, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
   [Toth, Zoltan; Song, Yucheng] NOAA, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Majumdar, SJ (reprint author), Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM smajumdar@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Sellwood, Kathryn/H-6500-2014; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015
OI Sellwood, Kathryn/0000-0001-7978-9101; Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194
FU NOAA THORPEX; postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Miami's
   Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric Science; Naval Research
   Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [0601153N]
FX The authors are grateful to Greg Hakim and two anonymous reviewers for
   their comments, which helped improve the manuscript. Sharanya Majumdar
   and Kathryn Sellwood gratefully acknowledge funding by NOAA THORPEX.
   Daniel Hodyss was sponsored by a postdoctoral fellowship at the
   University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric
   Science, and the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval
   Research under Program Element 0601153N. The authors are also grateful
   to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction for provision of
   the ensemble data and supercomputer time, and to Craig Bishop and Istvan
   Szunyogh for helpful discussions. Carolyn Reynolds and Justin McLay of
   the Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, provided the NAVDAS
   estimates of analysis error variance.
NR 56
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U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 7
BP 2803
EP 2824
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3106.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 637PI
UT WOS:000280830200016
ER

PT J
AU Angevine, WM
   Jiang, HL
   Mauritsen, T
AF Angevine, Wayne M.
   Jiang, Hongli
   Mauritsen, Thorsten
TI Performance of an Eddy Diffusivity-Mass Flux Scheme for Shallow Cumulus
   Boundary Layers
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; SIMPLE PARAMETERIZATION; DIURNAL CYCLE;
   SHEAR-DRIVEN; SIMULATION; CONVECTION; TURBULENCE; MODEL; TRANSPORT; DRY
AB Comparisons between single-column (SCM) simulations with the total energy-mass flux boundary layer scheme (TEMF) and large-eddy simulations (LES) are shown for four cases from the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) 2006 field experiment in the vicinity of Houston, Texas. The SCM simulations were run with initial soundings and surface forcing identical to those in the LES, providing a clean comparison with the boundary layer scheme isolated from any other influences. Good agreement is found in the simulated vertical transport and resulting moisture profiles. Notable differences are seen in the cloud base and in the distribution of moisture between the lower and upper cloud layer. By the end of the simulations, TEMF has dried the subcloud layer and moistened the lower cloud layer more than LES. TEMF gives more realistic profiles for shallow cumulus conditions than traditional boundary layer schemes, which have no transport above the dry convective boundary layer. Changes to the formulation and its parameters from previous publications are discussed.
C1 [Angevine, Wayne M.] NOAA, ESRL, R CSD4, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Angevine, Wayne M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Jiang, Hongli] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Mauritsen, Thorsten] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R CSD4, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM wayne.m.angevine@noaa.gov
RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Jiang,
   Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Mauritsen,
   Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; 
FU NSF [ATM-0646892, ATM-0733539]
FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers who provided many constructive
   suggestions through the revision process. This paper is substantially
   improved because of their help. This work was primarily supported by NSF
   Grants ATM-0646892 and ATM-0733539.
NR 35
TC 35
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U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 7
BP 2895
EP 2912
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3142.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 637PI
UT WOS:000280830200021
ER

PT J
AU Wang, SJ
   Khafizov, M
   Tu, XM
   Zheng, M
   Krauss, TD
AF Wang, Shujing
   Khafizov, Marat
   Tu, Xiaomin
   Zheng, Ming
   Krauss, Todd D.
TI Multiple Exciton Generation in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Single-walled carbon nanotubes; ultrafast optical spectroscopy; multiple
   exciton generation; carrier multiplication; excited-state dynamics
ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; ULTRAFAST CARRIER DYNAMICS; IMPACT
   IONIZATION; SOLAR-CELLS; MULTIPLICATION; NANOCRYSTALS; PBSE;
   SPECTROSCOPY; EFFICIENCY
AB Upon absorption of single photons, multiple excitons were generated and detected in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using transient absorption spectroscopy For (6,5) SWNTs, absorption of single photons with energies corresponding to three times the SWNT energy gap results in an exciton generation efficiency of 130% per photon Our results suggest that the multiple exciton generation threshold in SWNTs can be close to the limit defined by energy conservation
C1 [Wang, Shujing; Khafizov, Marat; Krauss, Todd D.] Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
   [Wang, Shujing; Khafizov, Marat; Krauss, Todd D.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
   [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Krauss, TD (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
RI Khafizov, Marat/B-3744-2012; wang, shujing/K-3825-2015; 
OI Khafizov, Marat/0000-0001-8171-3528; Krauss, Todd/0000-0002-4860-874X
FU US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences
FX The work has been supported by the US Department of Energy Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences
NR 54
TC 82
Z9 82
U1 3
U2 55
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 7
BP 2381
EP 2386
DI 10.1021/nl100343j
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 632IP
UT WOS:000280416200015
PM 20507082
ER

PT J
AU Patridge, CJ
   Wu, TL
   Jaye, C
   Ravel, B
   Takeuchi, ES
   Fischer, DA
   Sambandamurthy, G
   Banerjee, S
AF Patridge, Christopher J.
   Wu, Tai-Lung
   Jaye, Cherno
   Ravel, Bruce
   Takeuchi, Esther S.
   Fischer, Daniel A.
   Sambandamurthy, G.
   Banerjee, Sarbajit
TI Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Observation of Massive
   Metal-Insulator Transitions in Nanowires of a Nonstoichiometric Vanadium
   Oxide Bronze
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanowires; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; solvothermal synthesis;
   vanadium oxides; metal-insulator transition
ID STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY; DIOXIDE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURE; PHASES
AB Metal-insulator transitions in strongly correlated materials, induced by varying either temperature or dopant concentration, remain a topic of enduring interest in solid-state chemistry and physics owing to their fundamental importance in answering longstanding questions regarding correlation effects We note here the unprecedented observation of a four-orders-of-magnitude metal-insulator transition in single nanowires of delta-KxV2O5, when temperature is varied, which thus represents a rare new addition to the pantheon of materials exhibiting pronounced metal insulator transitions in proximity to room temperature
C1 [Wu, Tai-Lung; Sambandamurthy, G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Patridge, Christopher J.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Jaye, Cherno; Ravel, Bruce; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
RP Sambandamurthy, G (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
RI Takeuchi, Esther/D-1825-2014
FU National Science Foundation [DMR0847169]
FX This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation
   under DMR0847169 We are grateful to Professor Hao Zeng for allowing us
   access to his PPMS system Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or
   materials are identified in this article in order to specify the
   experimental procedure adequately Such identification is not intended to
   imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials
   or equipment are necessarily the best available for this purpose
NR 32
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 4
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 7
BP 2448
EP 2453
DI 10.1021/nl100642b
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 632IP
UT WOS:000280416200026
PM 20509685
ER

PT J
AU Ropp, C
   Probst, R
   Cummins, Z
   Kumar, R
   Berglund, AJ
   Raghavan, SR
   Waks, E
   Shapiro, B
AF Ropp, Chad
   Probst, Roland
   Cummins, Zachary
   Kumar, Rakesh
   Berglund, Andrew J.
   Raghavan, Srinivasa R.
   Waks, Edo
   Shapiro, Benjamin
TI Manipulating Quantum Dots to Nanometer Precision by Control of Flow
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Quantum dots; control; electroosmotic flow; subpixel averaging; photon
   antibunching
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE TRACKING; MULTIPLE PARTICLES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE;
   BROWNIAN-MOTION; FLUORESCENCE; BIOMOLECULES; MOLECULES; BLINKING;
   SYSTEM; LIGHT
AB We present a method for manipulating preselected quantum dots (QDs) with nanometer precision by flow control The accuracy of this approach scales more favorably with particle size than optical trapping, enabling more precise positioning of nanoscopic particles We demonstrate the ability to position a single QD in a 100 mu m working region to 45 nm accuracy for holding times exceeding : one hour and the ability to take active quantum measurements on the dynamically manipulated QD
C1 [Ropp, Chad; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Probst, Roland; Cummins, Zachary] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Kumar, Rakesh; Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Shapiro, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Berglund, Andrew J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Probst, Roland/B-4892-2011; Shapiro, Benjamin/H-6176-2011
FU DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0810007]; National Science
   Foundation [ECS0348251]
FX We thank Sina Sahand for help with device design and Kunshan Sun for his
   help with viscosity and diffusion measurements This work was supported
   by a DARPA Defense Science Office seed grant (Grant Number
   W31P4Q0810007) Dr Shapiro also acknowledges funding support from the
   National Science Foundation CAREER award (Grant Number ECS0348251)
   Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified
   in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not
   imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or
   equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose
NR 40
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 7
BP 2525
EP 2530
DI 10.1021/nl101105j
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 632IP
UT WOS:000280416200039
PM 20509676
ER

PT J
AU Green, MA
AF Green, Mark A.
TI CRYSTAL ENGINEERING IN TWO DIMENSIONS Surface attraction
SO NATURE MATERIALS
LA English
DT News Item
C1 [Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mark.green@nist.gov
NR 4
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 8
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1476-1122
J9 NAT MATER
JI Nat. Mater.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 7
BP 539
EP 540
DI 10.1038/nmat2786
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
   Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 613WG
UT WOS:000279014300012
PM 20571482
ER

PT J
AU Matlock, GC
AF Matlock, Gary C.
TI Effect of Pond Size on Striped Bass Growth and Survival in Brackish
   Water
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
AB The effect of pond size on survival and growth of fingerling striped bass Morone saxatilis in brackish-water (5-10%) ponds may be important in designing striped bass production facilities. Seven-day-old fry were stocked at densities of 248,000-317,000 fish/ha into 13 ponds (0.2-1.6 ha), and surviving fish were harvested about 1 month later. Pond size did not affect striped bass survival, growth, or production. Mean (+/- SE) survival over the rearing period was 36.4 +/- 5.6%. Mean total length (TL) was 34.2 +/- 0.9 mm. Mean production was 1.40 +/- 0.17 kg.ha(-1).d(-1). Large ponds (at least 1.6 ha) are preferable over smaller ponds for producing 34-mm-TL striped bass fingerlings in brackish-water ponds because of the lower cost of construction and maintenance and the reduced land and water use.
C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Matlock, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM gary.c.matlock@noaa.gov
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 72
IS 3
BP 269
EP 271
DI 10.1577/A09-084.1
PG 3
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 603LW
UT WOS:000278211100011
ER

PT J
AU Chen, LM
   Wang, WM
   Kando, M
   Hudson, LT
   Liu, F
   Lin, XX
   Ma, JL
   Li, YT
   Bulanov, SV
   Tajima, T
   Kato, Y
   Sheng, ZM
   Zhang, J
AF Chen, L. M.
   Wang, W. M.
   Kando, M.
   Hudson, L. T.
   Liu, F.
   Lin, X. X.
   Ma, J. L.
   Li, Y. T.
   Bulanov, S. V.
   Tajima, T.
   Kato, Y.
   Sheng, Z. M.
   Zhang, J.
TI High contrast femtosecond laser-driven intense hard X-ray source for
   imaging application
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
   SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Symposium on Radiation Physics
CY SEP 20-25, 2009
CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
DE Laser-driven X-ray source
ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; PULSES; ELECTRON
AB In this report we address the current situation of laser-driven hard X-ray sources for imaging applications, especially the saturation of X-ray conversion efficiency and the serious impact upon imaging quality. By employing high contrast laser pulses, the conversion efficiency to X-rays from solid foil targets is improved and the structure of the spectrum can be optimized with respect to imaging applications. In addition, bright Ar K-shell X-rays with very little continuum background have been generated by irradiating, with an ultra-high contrast laser, a target of Ar gas clusters created by a gas jet. These improvements show great potential for single-shot ultrafast X-ray imaging. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, L. M.; Wang, W. M.; Liu, F.; Lin, X. X.; Ma, J. L.; Li, Y. T.; Sheng, Z. M.; Zhang, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
   [Kando, M.; Bulanov, S. V.; Tajima, T.; Kato, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215, Japan.
   [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Sheng, Z. M.; Zhang, J.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
RP Chen, LM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
EM lmchen@aphy.iphy.ac.cn
RI Sheng, Zheng-Ming/H-5371-2012; Bulanov, Sergei/A-1721-2013; Wang,
   Wei-Min/A-2569-2015; 刘, 峰/O-3925-2015; Zhang, Jie/O-8767-2014
OI Wang, Wei-Min/0000-0002-9852-1589; 
NR 24
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
EI 1872-9576
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
   Equip.
PD JUL 1
PY 2010
VL 619
IS 1-3
BP 128
EP 132
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2009.11.048
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 627GA
UT WOS:000280026300034
ER

PT J
AU Smale, LF
   Chantler, CT
   Hudson, LT
AF Smale, L. F.
   Chantler, C. T.
   Hudson, L. T.
TI The effects of cosmic ray filtering on low intensity X-ray CCD data
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
   SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Symposium on Radiation Physics
CY SEP 20-25, 2009
CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
DE X-ray detectors; Cosmic rays
ID LINES
AB Various methods exist to filter cosmic rays from X-ray CCD images with weak X-ray spectra. Distortions of the characteristics of a spectral profile such as peak centroid and relative integrated peak intensities must be kept to a minimum. Optimum methods are those minimising error bars and widths on the final centroid determination and on relative intensities which remain consistent with the widths for unfiltered data. A cluster method, a linear correlation method and a combination of both were examined using H-like Ti collected at the NIST EBIT. The cluster method is a strong filter but appears to distort centroids and relative intensities. The linear correlation method filters less and distorts less. The strongest filtering is to use both yielding the highest signal-to-noise while enhancing apparent distortions. All methods appear fairly robust. Strong cosmic-ray filters with minimal distortion of X-ray spectra can increase the precision of X-ray CCD measurements and enhance the resulting physical insight. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Smale, L. F.; Chantler, C. T.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
   [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Smale, LF (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
EM lucasfs@physics.unimelb.edu.au
RI Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013
OI Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
   Equip.
PD JUL 1
PY 2010
VL 619
IS 1-3
BP 150
EP 153
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.01.007
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 627GA
UT WOS:000280026300039
ER

PT J
AU Seely, JF
   Hudson, LT
AF Seely, J. F.
   Hudson, L. T.
TI Laser-produced MeV electrons and hard X-ray spectroscopic diagnostics
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
   SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Symposium on Radiation Physics
CY SEP 20-25, 2009
CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
DE X-ray source size; MeV electron propagation; K-shell transitions; X-ray
   spectroscopy
ID RESONANT-INTERACTION REGION; GENERATED MAGNETIC-FIELDS; 2-DIMENSIONAL
   DISTRIBUTION; CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; RETURN-CURRENT; PLASMA; ENERGY;
   SPECTROGRAPHY; TRANSMISSION; TRANSPORT
AB A new spectroscopic technique for the measurement of the sizes of hard X-ray sources produced by the irradiation of solid-density targets by intense laser radiation is discussed. The technique is based on the source broadening of K shell spectral lines from targets irradiated by intense picosecond laser pulses. The spectra are recorded by a modified Cauchois type spectrometer, where the detector is placed far behind the Rowland circle where source broadening dominates instrumental resolution. The laser irradiation with focused intensity greater than 10(18) W/cm(2) produces relativistic electrons that propagate from the focal spot into the surrounding target material with mm range. The energetic electrons produce 1 s electron ionization and K shell radiation with picosecond duration that can be utilized for transient radiography of dense objects including evolving dense plasmas. However, the hard X-ray source has mm lateral size when extended targets are utilized while a much smaller source size (of order 10 mu m) is necessary for high-resolution point projection radiography. The lateral source size can be greatly reduced by using targets with limited aspect to the radiography object such as thin foils and wires, but the brightness of these sources is greatly reduced compared to thick planar targets. Studies indicate that the electron range and source size can also be reduced by utilizing an electrically resistive target material such as teflon. In this case the electron propagation from the focal spot is inhibited by a weak return current and incomplete space-charge neutralization. These experimental results are important not only for producing a small hard X-ray source for picosecond radiography but also for reducing the lateral propagation of energetic electrons that can be detrimental to fast-ignition fusion. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
   [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil
NR 35
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
EI 1872-9576
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
   Equip.
PD JUL 1
PY 2010
VL 619
IS 1-3
BP 479
EP 486
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2009.12.004
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 627GA
UT WOS:000280026300113
ER

PT J
AU Muller, A
   Flagg, EB
   Lawall, JR
   Solomon, GS
AF Muller, Andreas
   Flagg, Edward B.
   Lawall, John R.
   Solomon, Glenn S.
TI Ultrahigh-finesse, low-mode-volume Fabry-Perot microcavity
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE QUANTUM-DOT; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; OPTICAL MICROCAVITY; PHOTONIC
   CRYSTAL; CAVITY; LASERS; SYSTEM; CHIP
AB Ultralow-loss concave micromirrors with radius of curvature below 60 mu m were fabricated by laser ablation and reflective coatings. A 10-mu m-long microcavity with a mode volume of 40 mu m(3) was set up with two such mirrors, and the cavity linewidth was measured both spectrally and temporally. The smallest linewidth obtained was 96 MHz, corresponding to a quality factor of 3.3 x 10(6) and a finesse in excess of 1.5 x 10(5). With these parameters, we estimate that a variety of solid-state quantum emitters coupled to the cavity may enter the strong coupling regime. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Muller, Andreas; Flagg, Edward B.; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Muller, Andreas; Flagg, Edward B.; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Lawall, John R.; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Muller, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andreas.muller@nist.gov
RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013
OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) support through the Physics Frontier
   Center at the Joint Quantum Institute
FX We thank J. Zeng for CO<INF>2</INF> laser use in early stages of this
   work and acknowledge National Science Foundation (NSF) support through
   the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute.
NR 25
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 19
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD JUL 1
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 13
BP 2293
EP 2295
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 619NC
UT WOS:000279435900059
PM 20596224
ER

PT J
AU Richardson, DE
   Llopiz, JK
   Guigand, CM
   Cowen, RK
AF Richardson, David E.
   Llopiz, Joel K.
   Guigand, Cedric M.
   Cowen, Robert K.
TI Larval assemblages of large and medium-sized pelagic species in the
   Straits of Florida
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Climate Impacts on Oceanic Top Predators
   (CLIOTOP)
CY DEC 03-07, 2007
CL La Paz, MEXICO
SP IMBER, SCOR, EUR OCEANS, IRD, CLS, PFRP, LPRC, NOAA, PICES
ID MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; SAILFISH
   ISTIOPHORUS-PLATYPTERUS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; MARINE FISH LARVAE;
   EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; UNITED-STATES;
   TETRAPTURUS-ALBIDUS
AB Critical gaps in our understanding of the distributions, interactions, life histories and preferred habitats of large and medium-size pelagic fishes severely constrain the implementation of ecosystem-based, spatially structured fisheries management approaches. In particular, spawning distributions and the environmental characteristics associated with the early life stages are poorly documented. In this study, we consider the diversity, assemblages, and associated habitat of the larvae of large and medium-sized pelagic species collected during 2 years of monthly surveys across the Straits of Florida. In total, 36 taxa and 14,295 individuals were collected, with the highest diversity occurring during the summer and in the western, frontal region of the Florida Current. Only a few species (e.g. Thunnus obesus, T. alalunga, Tetrapturus pfluegeri) considered for this study were absent. Small scombrids (e.g. T. atlanticus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Auxis spp.) and gempylids dominated the catch and were orders of magnitude more abundant than many of the rare species (e.g. Thunnus thynnus, Kajikia albida). Both constrained (CCA) and unconstrained (NMDS) multivariate analyses revealed a number of species groupings including: (1) a summer Florida edge assemblage (e.g. Auxis spp., Euthynnus alleterattus, Istiophorus platypterus); (2) a summer offshore assemblage (e.g. Makaira nigricans, T. atlanticus, Ruvettus pretiosus, Lampris guttatus); (3) an ubiquitous assemblage (e.g. K. pelamis, Coryphaena hippurus, Xiphias gladius); and (4) a spring/winter assemblage that was widely dispersed in space (e.g. trachipterids). The primary environmental factors associated with these assemblages were sea-surface temperature (highest in summer-early fall), day length (highest in early summer), thermocline depth (shallowest on the Florida side) and fluorescence (highest on the Florida side). Overall, the results of this study provide insights into how a remarkable diversity of pelagic species spatially and temporally partition spawning within a region that is characterized by dynamic oceanography and strong habitat gradients. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Richardson, David E.; Llopiz, Joel K.; Guigand, Cedric M.; Cowen, Robert K.] Univ Miami, Marine Biol & Fisheries Div, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Richardson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM David.Richardson@noaa.gov
OI Llopiz, Joel/0000-0002-7584-7471
NR 68
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 86
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 8
EP 20
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.005
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 626ZC
UT WOS:000280006100002
ER

PT J
AU Howell, EA
   Hawn, DR
   Polovina, JJ
AF Howell, Evan A.
   Hawn, Donald R.
   Polovina, Jeffrey J.
TI Spatiotemporal variability in bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) dive behavior
   in the central North Pacific Ocean
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Climate Impacts on Oceanic Top Predators
   (CLIOTOP)
CY DEC 03-07, 2007
CL La Paz, MEXICO
SP IMBER, SCOR, EUR OCEANS, IRD, CLS, PFRP, LPRC, NOAA, PICES
ID LONGLINE FISHING GROUNDS; VERTICAL MOVEMENTS; FRENCH-POLYNESIA;
   IMPROVING LIGHT; ARCHIVAL TAGS; PELAGIC FISH; HABITAT; DEPTH;
   THERMOREGULATION; GEOLOCATION
AB Data from 29 pop-up archival transmission (PAT) tags deployed on commercial-size bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the central North Pacific Ocean from 4 degrees N to 32 degrees N were analyzed to describe variability in their dive behavior across space and time. During the day, bigeye tuna generally spent time in the 0-50 m and 300-400 m depth ranges, with spatial and temporal variability in the deep mode. At night, bigeye tuna generally inhabited the 0-100 m depth range. Three daily dive types were defined based on the percentage of time tuna spent in specific depth layers during the day. These three types were defined as shallow, intermediate, and deep and represented 24.4%, 18.8%, and 56.8% of the total number of days in the study, respectively. More shallow and intermediate dive-type behavior was found in the first half of the year, and in latitudes from 14 degrees N to 16 degrees N and north of 28 degrees N. A greater amount of deep-dive behavior was found in the regions south of 10 degrees N and between 18 degrees N and 28 degrees N during the third and fourth quarters of the year. Dive-type behavior also varied with oceanographic conditions, with more shallow and intermediate behavior found in colder surface waters. Intermediate and deep-dive types were pooled to reflect the depths where bigeye tuna may have potential interactions with fishing gear. A Generalized Additive Model was used to quantify the effects of time, space, and sea surface temperature on this pooled dive type. Results from the model showed that while latitude and quarter of the year were important parameters, sea surface temperature had the most significant effect on the pooled intermediate and deep-dive behavior. Model predictions indicated that the largest percentage of potential interaction would occur in the fourth quarter in the region from 18 degrees N-20 degrees N, which corresponds to the time and place of the highest bigeye tuna catch rates by the Hawaii-based long-line fishery. These results suggest that a model framework using these three predictive variables may be useful in identifying areas of potentially high bigeye tuna catch rates. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Howell, Evan A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Hawn, Donald R.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Howell, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM Evan.Howell@noaa.gov
OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633
NR 34
TC 22
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 86
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 81
EP 93
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.013
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 626ZC
UT WOS:000280006100008
ER

PT J
AU Olson, RJ
   Popp, BN
   Graham, BS
   Lopez-Ibarra, GA
   Galvan-Magana, F
   Lennert-Cody, CE
   Bocanegra-Castillo, N
   Wallsgrove, NJ
   Gier, E
   Alatorre-Ramirez, V
   Ballance, LT
   Fry, B
AF Olson, Robert J.
   Popp, Brian N.
   Graham, Brittany S.
   Lopez-Ibarra, Gladis A.
   Galvan-Magana, Felipe
   Lennert-Cody, Cleridy E.
   Bocanegra-Castillo, Noemi
   Wallsgrove, Natalie J.
   Gier, Elizabeth
   Alatorre-Ramirez, Vanessa
   Ballance, Lisa T.
   Fry, Brian
TI Food-web inferences of stable isotope spatial patterns in copepods and
   yellowfin tuna in the pelagic eastern Pacific Ocean
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Climate Impacts on Oceanic Top Predators
   (CLIOTOP)
CY DEC 03-07, 2007
CL La Paz, MEXICO
SP IMBER, SCOR, EUR OCEANS, IRD, CLS, PFRP, LPRC, NOAA, PICES
ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; TROPICAL PACIFIC; TROPHIC POSITION; EQUATORIAL
   PACIFIC; FEEDING-HABITS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; THUNNUS-ALBACARES;
   NITROGEN ISOTOPES; STOMACH CONTENTS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN
AB Evaluating the impacts of climate and fishing on oceanic ecosystems requires an improved understanding of the trophodynamics of pelagic food webs. Our approach was to examine broad-scale spatial relationships among the stable N isotope values of copepods and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores), and to quantify yellowfin tuna trophic status in the food web based on stable-isotope and stomach-contents analyses. Using a generalized additive model fitted to abundance-weighted-average delta(15)N values of several omnivorous copepod species, we examined isotopic spatial relationships among yellowfin tuna and copepods. We found a broad-scale, uniform gradient in delta(15)N values of copepods increasing from south to north in a region encompassing the eastern Pacific warm pool and parts of several current systems. Over the same region, a similar trend was observed for the delta(15)N values in the white muscle of yellowfin tuna caught by the purse-seine fishery, implying limited movement behavior. Assuming the omnivorous copepods represent a proxy for the delta(15)N values at the base of the food web, the isotopic difference between these two taxa, "Avvr-cop," was interpreted as a trophic-position offset. Yellowfin tuna trophic-position estimates based on their bulk delta(15)N values were not significantly different than independent estimates based on stomach contents, but are sensitive to errors in the trophic enrichment factor and the trophic position of copepods. An apparent inshore-offshore, east to west gradient in yellowfin tuna trophic position was corroborated using compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids conducted on a subset of samples. The gradient was not explained by the distribution of yellowfin tuna of different sizes, by seasonal variability at the base of the food web, or by known ambit distances (i.e. movements). Yellowfin tuna stomach contents did not show a regular inshore-offshore gradient in trophic position during 20032005, but the trophic-position estimates based on both methods had similar scales of variability. We conclude that trophic status of yellowfin tuna increased significantly from east to west over the study area based on the spatial pattern of Delta(YFT-COP) values and the difference between the delta(15)N values of glutamic acid and glycine, "trophic" and "source" amino acids, respectively. These results provide improved depictions of trophic links and biomass flows for food-web models, effective tools to evaluate climate and fishing effects on exploited ecosystems. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Olson, Robert J.; Lennert-Cody, Cleridy E.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Popp, Brian N.; Wallsgrove, Natalie J.; Gier, Elizabeth] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Graham, Brittany S.; Wallsgrove, Natalie J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Lopez-Ibarra, Gladis A.; Galvan-Magana, Felipe; Bocanegra-Castillo, Noemi; Alatorre-Ramirez, Vanessa] Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Inst Politecn Nacl, La Paz 23000, Baja California, Mexico.
   [Ballance, Lisa T.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Fry, Brian] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Fry, Brian] Sch Coast & Environm, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Olson, RJ (reprint author), Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM rolson@iattc.org
OI Popp, Brian/0000-0001-7021-5478
NR 106
TC 62
Z9 64
U1 5
U2 64
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 86
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 124
EP 138
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.026
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 626ZC
UT WOS:000280006100012
ER

PT J
AU McCarthy, AL
   Heppell, S
   Royer, F
   Freitas, C
   Dellinger, T
AF McCarthy, Abigail L.
   Heppell, Selina
   Royer, Francois
   Freitas, Carla
   Dellinger, Thomas
TI Identification of likely foraging habitat of pelagic loggerhead sea
   turtles (Caretta caretta) in the North Atlantic through analysis of
   telemetry track sinuosity
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Climate Impacts on Oceanic Top Predators
   (CLIOTOP)
CY DEC 03-07, 2007
CL La Paz, MEXICO
SP IMBER, SCOR, EUR OCEANS, IRD, CLS, PFRP, LPRC, NOAA, PICES
ID SATELLITE TELEMETRY; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; LOCATION
   ACCURACY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; ANIMALS; CONSERVATION;
   INFORMATION
AB Changes in the behavior of individual animals in response to environmental characteristics can provide important information about habitat preference, as well as the relative risk that animals may face based on the amount of time spent in hazardous areas. We analyzed movement and habitat affinities of ten loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) tagged with satellite transmitters in the spring and fall of 1998 near Madeira, Portugal for periods of 2-10 months. We analyzed the behavior of these individuals in relation to the marine environment they occupied. As a measure of behavior we calculated the straightness index (SI), the ratio of the displacement of the animal to the total distance traveled, for individual weekly segments of the 10 tracks. We then extracted information about chlorophyll a concentration, sea-surface temperature (SST), bathymetry, and geostrophic current of the ocean in a 20-km buffer surrounding the tracks, and examined their relationship to the straightness index using generalized linear models. Chlorophyll a value, bathymetry and SST were significantly related to the straightness index of the tracks of all ten animals, as was the circular standard deviation of the geostrophic current (Wald's test: p = 0.001, p = 0.008, p = 0.025, and p = 0.049, respectively). We found a significant negative relationship between straightness index and chlorophyll, and positive relationships with ocean depth and SST indicating that animals are spending more time and searching more thoroughly in areas with high chlorophyll concentrations and in areas that are shallower, while moving in straight paths through very warm areas. We also found a positive relationship between straightness index and the circular standard deviation of surrounding geostrophic currents suggesting that these turtles are more likely to move in a straight line when in the presence of diffuse, less-powerful currents. Based on these relationships, we propose that conservation planning to reduce overlap of turtles with fishing operations should take into account the locations of bathymetric features such as seamounts and upwelling locations where chlorophyll concentrations are high. This analysis is an effective way to characterize areas of high-use habitat for satellite-tagged marine vertebrates, and allows for comparisons of these characteristics between species and among individuals. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [McCarthy, Abigail L.; Heppell, Selina] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Royer, Francois] Univ New Hampshire, Large Pelag Res Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Freitas, Carla; Dellinger, Thomas] Univ Madeira, Lab Biol Marinha & Oceanog, Estacao Biol Marinha Funchal, P-9000107 Funchal Madeira, Portugal.
   [Freitas, Carla] Polar Environm Ctr, Norweigan Polar Inst, N-9296 Tronso, Norway.
RP McCarthy, AL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Abigail.McCarthy@noaa.gov
RI Scientific output, CIIMAR/E-5122-2012; 
OI Scientific output, CIIMAR/0000-0001-6270-2153; Dellinger,
   Thomas/0000-0002-2424-8620
NR 44
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 25
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 86
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 224
EP 231
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.009
PG 8
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 626ZC
UT WOS:000280006100021
ER

PT J
AU Kappes, MA
   Shaffer, SA
   Tremblay, Y
   Foley, DG
   Palacios, DM
   Robinson, PW
   Bograd, SJ
   Costa, DP
AF Kappes, Michelle A.
   Shaffer, Scott A.
   Tremblay, Yann
   Foley, David G.
   Palacios, Daniel M.
   Robinson, Patrick W.
   Bograd, Steven J.
   Costa, Daniel P.
TI Hawaiian albatrosses track interannual variability of marine habitats in
   the North Pacific
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Climate Impacts on Oceanic Top Predators
   (CLIOTOP)
CY DEC 03-07, 2007
CL La Paz, MEXICO
SP IMBER, SCOR, EUR OCEANS, IRD, CLS, PFRP, LPRC, NOAA, PICES
ID AREA-RESTRICTED SEARCH; SQUID OMMASTREPHES-BARTRAMII; NINO
   SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; 1ST-PASSAGE TIME ANALYSIS; TURTLES
   CARETTA-CARETTA; BLACK-FOOTED ALBATROSS; ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT;
   GULF-OF-MEXICO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BERING-SEA
AB We studied the foraging behavior and marine habitats used by Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and Black-footed (Phoebastria nigripes) Albatrosses, during four consecutive breeding seasons to investigate whether these marine predators changed habitat preferences, foraging distributions, or both, in accordance with natural interannual variability in the marine environment. We used satellite telemetry to track a total of 37 Laysan and 36 Black-footed Albatrosses during the incubation periods of 2002-2006 at Tern Island, Northwest Hawaiian Islands. First passage time analysis was used to determine search effort of individual albatrosses along their respective tracks, and this metric was then related to oceanographic habitat variables using linear mixed-effects regression. The majority of individuals traveled to pelagic waters of the North Pacific, with Laysan Albatrosses demonstrating a more northwesterly distribution from the breeding colony. Laysan Albatrosses traveled farther, for longer periods, and demonstrated greater interannual variability in trip characteristics than Black-footed Albatrosses. For Laysan Albatrosses, maximum trip distance was negatively correlated with body mass change during foraging and overall breeding success. There was considerable interspecific segregation of foraging habitats, and low overlap of foraging distributions between years. For all years, and both species, sea surface temperature was consistently the most important environmental variable predicting search effort of albatrosses, suggesting that both species use similar environmental cues when searching for prey. In the context of climate variability, our results suggest that Hawaiian albatrosses demonstrate flexibility in foraging strategies and track preferred marine habitats. However, adjusting foraging behavior to climatic variability may have energetic, and subsequent reproductive consequences. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kappes, Michelle A.; Shaffer, Scott A.; Tremblay, Yann; Robinson, Patrick W.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
   [Foley, David G.; Palacios, Daniel M.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA Fisheries, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
   [Foley, David G.; Palacios, Daniel M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Kappes, MA (reprint author), Univ Reunion, Lab Ecol Marine, 15 Ave Rene Cassin,BP 7151, St Denis 97715, Reunion.
EM kappes@biology.ucsc.edu
RI Palacios, Daniel/B-9180-2008; Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009
OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913; Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059
NR 146
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 5
U2 29
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 86
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 246
EP 260
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.012
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 626ZC
UT WOS:000280006100023
ER

PT J
AU Liang, ZM
   Lu, CG
   Tollerud, EI
AF Liang, Zhaoming
   Lu, Chungu
   Tollerud, Edward I.
TI Diagnostic study of generalized moist potential vorticity in a
   non-uniformly saturated atmosphere with heavy precipitation
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE heavy precipitation; generalized moist potential vorticity; mesoscale
   dynamics
ID CONDITIONAL SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SURFACE
   FRONTOGENESIS; ANOMALIES; TEMPERATURE; GENERATION; MODEL; SYSTEMS;
   SUMMER; ICE
AB A Meiyu front accompanied by a band of heavy precipitation in East Asia is typically characterized by a much larger moisture gradient than temperature gradient. Many previous studies have suggested use of equivalent potential temperature as a thermodynamic variable under this circumstance. However, dynamic variables coupled with such a thermodynamic variable, e.g. a derived moist potential vorticity (MPV) based on equivalent potential temperature, does not provide useful dynamic insight into these systems. In this study, generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) is derived based on a generalized form of potential temperature. Diagnoses of numerical simulations for three typical Meiyu rainfall events show that GMPV provides remarkably accurate tracking of rainfall location, suggesting its potential use as a dynamic tracer for heavy rainfall events such as Meiyu rain bands. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Liang, Zhaoming] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Liang, Zhaoming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Chungu] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Lu, Chungu; Tollerud, Edward I.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Lu, CG (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Div Atmospher & Geospace Sci AGS, 4201 Wilson Blvd,Suite 675-25, Arlington, VA 22230 USA.
EM clu@nsf.gov
FU National Natural Sciences Foundation; State Key Laboratory Open Project
   of China [40775031, 2008LASW-A01]; Wang Kuangcheng
FX This research was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation
   and State Key Laboratory Open Project of China under grants No. 40775031
   and No. 2008LASW-A01, respectively. C. Lu was also supported by the Wang
   Kuangcheng fellowship for this work, and he is grateful to the Chinese
   Academy of Sciences (CAS) for the support of a short-term visit to the
   Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), CAS.
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0035-9009
EI 1477-870X
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 650
BP 1275
EP 1288
DI 10.1002/qj.636
PN A
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 644TD
UT WOS:000281403100014
ER

PT J
AU Shafer, D
   Bergstrom, P
AF Shafer, Deborah
   Bergstrom, Peter
TI An Introduction to a Special Issue on Large-Scale Submerged Aquatic
   Vegetation Restoration Research in the Chesapeake Bay: 2003-2008
SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE mechanized harvest and planting; seagrass; seeds
ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; OCEANICA L. DELILE; WATER-QUALITY; HABITAT
   REQUIREMENTS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SEAGRASS; SUCCESS; MACROPHYTES;
   ECOSYSTEMS; USA
AB The Chesapeake Bay is one of the world's largest estuaries. Dramatic declines in the abundance and distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Chesapeake Bay over the last few decades led to a series of management decisions aimed at protecting and restoring SAV populations throughout the bay. In 2003, the Chesapeake Bay Program established a goal of planting 405 ha of SAV by 2008. Realizing that such an ambitious goal would require the development of large-scale approaches to SAV restoration, a comprehensive research effort was organized, involving federal and state agencies, academia, and the private sector. This effort differs from most other SAV restoration programs due to a strong emphasis on the use of seeds rather than plants as planting stock, a decision based on the relatively low labor requirements of seeding. Much of the research has focused on the development of tools and techniques for using seeds in large-scale SAV restoration. Since this research initiative began, an average of 13.4 ha/year of SAV has been planted in the Chesapeake Bay, compared to an average rate of 3.6 ha/year during the previous 21 years (1983-2003). The costs of conducting these plantings are on a downward trend as the understanding of the limiting factors increases and as new advances are made in applied research and technology development. Although this effort was focused in the Chesapeake Bay region, the tools and techniques developed as part of this research should be widely applicable to SAV restoration efforts in other areas.
C1 [Shafer, Deborah] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
   [Bergstrom, Peter] NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA.
RP Shafer, D (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
EM Deborah.J.Shafer@us.army.mil
NR 89
TC 12
Z9 17
U1 5
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1061-2971
J9 RESTOR ECOL
JI Restor. Ecol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 4
BP 481
EP 489
DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00689.x
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 622NN
UT WOS:000279670600010
ER

PT J
AU Okal, EA
   Fritz, HM
   Synolakis, CE
   Borrero, JC
   Weiss, R
   Lynett, PJ
   Titov, VV
   Foteinis, S
   Jaffe, BE
   Liu, PLF
   Chan, IC
AF Okal, Emile A.
   Fritz, Hermann M.
   Synolakis, Costas E.
   Borrero, Jose C.
   Weiss, Robert
   Lynett, Patrick J.
   Titov, Vasily V.
   Foteinis, Spyros
   Jaffe, Bruce E.
   Liu, Philip L. -F.
   Chan, I-chi
TI Field Survey of the Samoa Tsunami of 29 September 2009
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MANTLE DYNAMICS; ISLAND; EARTHQUAKE; TONGA; FAULTS; RUNUP; BASIN
C1 [Okal, Emile A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA.
   [Synolakis, Costas E.; Borrero, Jose C.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Synolakis, Costas E.; Foteinis, Spyros] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Environm Engn, Khania 73100, Greece.
   [Borrero, Jose C.] ASR Ltd, Raglan 3225, New Zealand.
   [Weiss, Robert] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Lynett, Patrick J.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Labs, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Jaffe, Bruce E.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
   [Liu, Philip L. -F.; Chan, I-chi] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Okal, EA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM emile@earth.northwestern.edu
RI Lynett, Patrick/A-1458-2011; Weiss, Robert/B-8060-2012; Synolakis,
   Costas/B-3197-2008; Liu, Philip/E-3619-2013; Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013;
   Lynett, Patrick/B-5932-2014; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; 
OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Fritz,
   Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401; Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405; Jaffe,
   Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829; Foteinis,
   Spyros/0000-0003-1471-578X
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-10-00694]; Northwestern University;
   Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (PEER)
FX Field work was supported by the National Science Foundation under RAPID
   grant OCE-10-00694 to H.M.F. and C.E.S., and by a grant to E.A.O. from
   the Vice-President for Research, Northwestern University. Discussions
   with Steve Kirby on outer rise events are acknowledged. We are grateful
   to Catherine Chague-Goff for sharing with us the lone eyewitness report
   of the 1917 event in Upolu. E.A.O. thanks Bernard Dost for hospitality
   at the seismological archives of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological
   Institute in De Bilt. Maps were drawn using the GMT software (Wessel and
   Smith 1991). C.E.S. thanks the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research
   Institute (PEER) for partial support.
NR 32
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U1 0
U2 4
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0895-0695
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 4
BP 577
EP 591
DI 10.1785/gssrl.81.4.577
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 618NQ
UT WOS:000279363000002
ER

PT J
AU van der Laan, DC
   Ekin, JW
   Douglas, JF
   Clickner, CC
   Stauffer, TC
   Goodrich, LF
AF van der Laan, D. C.
   Ekin, J. W.
   Douglas, J. F.
   Clickner, C. C.
   Stauffer, T. C.
   Goodrich, L. F.
TI Effect of strain, magnetic field and field angle on the critical current
   density of YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors
SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILMS; AB-PLANE; DEPENDENCE
AB A large, magnetic-field-dependent, reversible reduction in critical current density with axial strain in YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors at 75.9 K has been measured. This effect may have important implications for the performance of YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors in applications where the conductor experiences large stresses in the presence of a magnetic field. Previous studies have been performed only under tensile strain and could provide only a limited understanding of the in-field strain effect. We now have constructed a device for measuring the critical current density as a function of axial compressive and tensile strain and applied magnetic field as well as magnetic field angle, in order to determine the magnitude of this effect and to create a better understanding of its origin. The reversible reduction in critical current density with strain becomes larger with increasing magnetic field at all field angles. At 76 K the critical current density is reduced by about 30% at -0.5% strain when a magnetic field of 5 T is applied parallel to the c-axis of the conductor or 8 T is applied in the ab-plane, compared to a reduction of only 13% in self-field. Differences in the strain response of the critical current density at various magnetic field angles indicate that the pinning mechanisms in YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors are uniquely affected by strain.
C1 [van der Laan, D. C.; Ekin, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [van der Laan, D. C.; Ekin, J. W.; Douglas, J. F.; Clickner, C. C.; Stauffer, T. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM danko@boulder.nist.gov
RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
   Reliability
FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office
   of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. Certain commercial
   materials are referred to in this paper to foster understanding. Such
   identification implies neither recommendation or endorsement by NIST,
   nor that the materials identified are necessarily the best available for
   the purpose.
NR 31
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U1 1
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-2048
J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH
JI Supercond. Sci. Technol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 7
AR 072001
DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/7/072001
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 625DG
UT WOS:000279873400001
ER

PT J
AU Garrett, TJ
   Zhao, CF
   Novelli, PC
AF Garrett, Timothy J.
   Zhao, Chuanfeng
   Novelli, Paul C.
TI Assessing the relative contributions of transport efficiency and
   scavenging to seasonal variability in Arctic aerosol
SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD; HAZE; POLLUTION; PARTICLES; GASES; SNOW; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIVITY;
   POLLUTANTS; ATMOSPHERE
AB Regional aerosol concentrations are governed by an evolving balance between aerosol sources and sinks. Here, a simple technique is described for making estimates of the extent to which seasonal aerosol variability is controlled by wet scavenging rather than the efficiency of transport from pollution source regions. Carbon monoxide (CO) is employed as an assumed passive tracer of pollution transport efficiency, to which the magnitude of aerosol light scattering is compared. Because aerosols. unlike CO. are affected by wet scavenging as well as transport efficiency, the ratio of short-term perturbations in these two quantities provides a measure of the relative roles of these two processes. This technique is applied to surface measurements in the Arctic at Barrow, Alaska (71 degrees N) for the decade between 2000 and 2009. What is found is that a well-known seasonal cycle in 'Arctic Haze' is dominated by variability in wet scavenging. Crossing the freezing threshold for warm rain production appears particularly critical for efficiently cleaning the air.
C1 [Garrett, Timothy J.; Zhao, Chuanfeng] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA.
   [Zhao, Chuanfeng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Novelli, Paul C.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Garrett, TJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA.
EM tim.garrett@utah.edu
RI Zhao, Chuanfeng/G-8546-2013
FU Clean Air Task Force; National Science Foundation [ATM0649570];
   NOAA/ESRL
FX This work was supported with a grant from the Clean Air Task Force and
   National Science Foundation award ATM0649570. We are grateful to John
   Ogren for supplying aerosol scattering data, Tom Mefford for providing
   weather data, and helpful guidance from manuscript reviewers as well as
   Andreas Stohl and Chuck Brock. CO measurements at Pt. Barrow are
   supported by the NOAA/ESRL, Radiatively Important Trace Species program.
NR 44
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U1 3
U2 15
PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING
PI JARFALLA
PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN
SN 0280-6509
J9 TELLUS B
JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 62
IS 3
BP 190
EP 196
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00453.x
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 621EK
UT WOS:000279557000006
ER

PT J
AU Ramsdell, JS
AF Ramsdell, John S.
TI Neurological Disease Rises from Ocean to Bring Model for Human Epilepsy
   to Life
SO TOXINS
LA English
DT Review
DE domoic acid; harmful algal bloom; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT);
   sea lion; epilepsy
AB Domoic acid of macroalgal origin was used for traditional and medicinal purposes in Japan and largely forgotten until its rediscovery in diatoms that poisoned 107 people after consumption of contaminated mussels. The more severely poisoned victims had seizures and/or amnesia and four died; however, one survivor unexpectedly developed temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) a year after the event. Nearly a decade later, several thousand sea lions have stranded on California beaches with neurological symptoms. Analysis of the animals stranded over an eight year period indicated five clusters of acute neurological poisoning; however, nearly a quarter have stranded individually outside these events with clinical signs of a chronic neurological syndrome similar to TLE. These poisonings are not limited to sea lions, which serve as readily observed sentinels for other marine animals that strand during domoic acid poisoning events, including several species of dolphin and whales. Acute domoic acid poisoning is five-times more prominent in adult female sea lions as a result of the proximity of their year-round breeding grounds to major domoic acid bloom events. The chronic neurological syndrome, on the other hand, is more prevalent in young animals, with many potentially poisoned in utero. The sea lion rookeries of the Channel Islands are at the crossroads of domoic acid producing harmful algal blooms and a huge industrial discharge site for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs). Studies in experimental animals suggest that chronic poisoning observed in immature sea lions may result from a spatial and temporal coincidence of DDTs and domoic acid during early life stages. Emergence of an epilepsy syndrome from the ocean brings a human epilepsy model to life and provides unexpected insights into interaction with legacy contaminants and expression of disease at different life stages.
C1 NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29414 USA.
RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29414 USA.
EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov
NR 117
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U1 9
U2 45
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-6651
J9 TOXINS
JI Toxins
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 2
IS 7
BP 1646
EP 1675
DI 10.3390/toxins2071646
PG 30
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA V24UK
UT WOS:000208435100003
PM 22069654
ER

PT J
AU Dittman, AH
   May, D
   Larsen, DA
   Moser, ML
   Johnston, M
   Fast, D
AF Dittman, Andrew H.
   May, Darran
   Larsen, Donald A.
   Moser, Mary L.
   Johnston, Mark
   Fast, David
TI Homing and Spawning Site Selection by Supplemented Hatchery- and
   Natural-Origin Yakima River Spring Chinook Salmon
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; 1ST-GENERATION
   HATCHERY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; WILD; POPULATIONS; WASHINGTON;
   SURVIVAL
AB It is well known that salmon home to their natal rivers for spawning, but the spatial scale of homing within a river basin is poorly understood and the interaction between natal site fidelity and habitat-based spawning site selection has not been elucidated. Understanding the complex trade-offs among homing to the natal site, spawning site selection, competition for sites, and mate choice is especially important in the context of hatchery supplementation efforts to reestablish self-sustaining natural spawning populations. To address these questions, we examined the homing patterns of supplemented Yakima River spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha released from satellite acclimation facilities after common initial rearing at a central facility. Final spawning location depended strongly on where fish were released as smolts within the upper Yakima River basin, but many fish also spawned in the vicinity of the central rearing hatchery, suggesting that some fish imprinted to this site. While homing was clearly evident, the majority (55.1%) of the hatchery fish were recovered more than 25 km from their release sites, often in spawning areas used by wild conspecifics. Hatchery and wild fish displayed remarkably similar spawning distributions despite very different imprinting histories, and the highest spawning densities of both hatchery and wild fish occurred in the same river sections. These results suggest that genetics, environmental and social factors, or requirements for specific spawning habitat may ultimately override the instinct to home to the site of rearing or release.
C1 [Dittman, Andrew H.; Larsen, Donald A.; Moser, Mary L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [May, Darran] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Yakama Nat, Toppenish, WA 98948 USA.
   Yakama Nation, Yakima, WA 98948 USA.
RP Dittman, AH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM andy.dittman@noaa.gov
FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration Fisheries
FX Numerous individuals assisted with carcass surveys, including Jamie
   Athos, Brian Burke, Jon Dickey, Walt Dickhoff, Larissa Felli, Kinsey
   Frick, Brad Gadberry, Michelle Havey, Mike Hayes, Sue Johnson, Rebecca
   Kihslinger, Eric Kummerow, Paul Parkins, Andy Pierce, Linda Rhodes,
   Julie Scheurer, and Munetaka Shimizu. Yakama Nation biologists,
   including Gerald Lewis, Joe Hoptowit, Leroy Senator, Wayne Smartlowit,
   and Morales Ganuelas, conducted weekly redd surveys. We especially thank
   Michelle Havey for recovering coded wire tags from tissue and Lynn
   Anderson (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) for decoding tags.
   The staff at the Cle Elum Supplementation and Research Facility,
   especially Charlie Strom, was helpful and accommodating by providing
   lodging and logistical support at the Cle Elum Hatchery. Bill Bosch
   (Yakama Nation) was extremely helpful and generous in sharing data
   collected as part of the YKFP. Loveday Conquest (School of Aquatic and
   Fishery Sciences, University of Washington) assisted with statistical
   analysis. Helpful comments on the manuscript were provided by Tom Quinn
   and Walt Dickhoff. Funding was provided by the Northwest Fisheries
   Science Center internal grants program and the National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration Fisheries.
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PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 4
BP 1014
EP 1028
DI 10.1577/T09-159.1
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 625FI
UT WOS:000279879700009
ER

PT J
AU Habicht, C
   Seeb, LW
   Myers, KW
   Farley, EV
   Seeb, JE
AF Habicht, C.
   Seeb, L. W.
   Myers, K. W.
   Farley, E. V.
   Seeb, J. E.
TI Summer-Fall Distribution of Stocks of Immature Sockeye Salmon in the
   Bering Sea as Revealed by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX VARIATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PACIFIC
   SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK
   SALMON; NORTH-AMERICA; CHUM SALMON; MICROSATELLITE
AB We report stock composition estimates for immature (ocean-age .1 and .2) sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka distributed across the Bering Sea in late summer and fall. We establish a baseline data set composed of single-nucleotide polymorphism markers that can achieve very high accuracies in identifying sockeye salmon stocks from throughout their range in Asia and North America. We demonstrate the capabilities of this data set to address high-seas salmon issues by analyzing samples collected by researchers from Russia, Japan, and the United States during late summer and fall 2002-2004 as part of the Bering Aleutian Salmon International Survey. According to our findings, (1) Gulf of Alaska (GOA) stocks formed a significant portion of the immature sockeye salmon migrating in the eastern and central Bering Sea in summer and fall, and western GOA stocks had a broader distribution in the Bering Sea than eastern GOA stocks; (2) Asian stocks migrated as far east as the western Aleutian Islands and the Donut Hole area (international waters in the center of the Bering Sea); and (3) Bristol Bay stocks were the most widely distributed, accounting for more than one-half of the mixtures in all areas except the central and southern areas of the Russian Exclusive Economic Zone (REEZ) in the western Bering Sea and north of the western Aleutian Islands. These results provide a significant increase in our knowledge of the distribution of sockeye salmon, firmly establishing that the REEZ is a summer-fall feeding area for immature North American sockeye salmon, particularly stocks of southeastern Bristol Bay origin. Bristol Bay sockeye salmon appear to enter and exit the REEZ primarily along a migration route that extends across the Aleutian Basin.
C1 [Habicht, C.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA.
   [Seeb, L. W.; Myers, K. W.; Seeb, J. E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Farley, E. V.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Habicht, C (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Gene Conservat Lab, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA.
EM chris.habicht@alaska.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board [0303]; Alaska Department of Fish and Game;
   Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; U.S. National Park Service;
   Pacific Salmon Commission; BASIS
FX The laboratory portion of this project, especially the mixture analyses,
   was funded by North Pacific Research Board project 0303 and the Alaska
   Department of Fish and Game. Substantial baseline data were acquired
   through funding from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, the
   U.S. National Park Service, and the Pacific Salmon Commission's Northern
   Boundary and Transboundary Rivers Restoration and Enhancement Fund. We
   thank the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Kamchatka Fishery
   and Oceanography Research Institute, the Russian Federal Research
   Institute of Fisheries, and the Washington Department of Fish and
   Wildlife for baseline samples from their archives. This study could not
   have been done without access to the research cruises of the RV Kaiyo
   Maru (Japan), the RV TINRO (Russia), and the FVs Great Pacific and Sea
   Storm (United States). BASIS collaborators offered substantial support
   with sample collections and in many other ways. From the USA we thank N.
   Davis, D. Wilmot, C. Guthrie, T. Walker, J. Murphy, C. Woody, C.
   Ramstad, and L. Low. From Russia we thank O. Temnykh, V. Sviridov, N.
   Varnaskaya, N. Klovatch, and I. Glebov. And from Japan we thank T.
   Azumaya, S. Abe, and S. Urawa. A large number of people from the Gene
   Conservation Laboratory (Alaska Department of Fish and Game) contributed
   to the baseline data set, and A. Barclay ran many of the statistical
   analyses; the study could not have been completed without their help. We
   thank R. Waples, J. Olsen, and one anonymous reviewer for valuable
   reviews. The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation supported J. E. S. and L.
   W. S. in the preparation of this manuscript.
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U2 9
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 4
BP 1171
EP 1191
DI 10.1577/T09-149.1
PG 21
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 625FI
UT WOS:000279879700020
ER

PT J
AU Frost, DA
   McComas, RL
   Sandford, BP
AF Frost, Deborah A.
   McComas, R. Lynn
   Sandford, Benjamin P.
TI The Effects of a Surgically Implanted Microacoustic Tag on Growth and
   Survival in Subyearling Fall Chinook Salmon
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID DUMMY TRANSMITTERS; CHANNEL CATFISH; TRANSINTESTINAL EXPULSION;
   ULTRASONIC TRANSMITTERS; ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS;
   RAINBOW-TROUT; BEHAVIOR
AB The objective of this study was to evaluate a newly miniaturized prototype of an implantable acoustic tag for use in subyearling hatchery Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In 2003, when the study was conducted, the relatively large size of most acoustic tags limited their use in juvenile fish. We evaluated this miniaturized prototype tag (213736 mm, 0.9 g in air) for effects on growth, survival, and tag retention. All fish were passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged in accordance with the proposed practical application in which PIT-tagged fish from known sources were separated from the general migrating population. The PIT tags also permitted tracking of individual fish growth in relation to treatment. We compared growth and acoustic tag retention over 30 d among tagged, sham-tagged, and control fish. Ratio of tag weight to body weight ranged from 2.6% to 5.9% at tagging. The acoustic tag significantly affected growth (P=0.001 for both length and weight differences), but no fish died as a result of the tagging. Partial to complete tag expulsion was noted in 37% of the tagged fish after 30 d. Our study showed that impeded growth and tag expulsion may affect the successful use of this tag size in juvenile Chinook salmon. This evaluation led to physical tag modifications that improved biological acceptance by the fish, thus facilitating the tag's use in applied studies. Implanted devices should be evaluated before use to ensure compatibility and to avoid data misinterpretations due to their effects on the fish.
C1 [Frost, Deborah A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
   [McComas, R. Lynn; Sandford, Benjamin P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Frost, DA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM debbie.frost@noaa.gov
NR 23
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U1 1
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 4
BP 1192
EP 1197
DI 10.1577/T09-118.1
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 625FI
UT WOS:000279879700021
ER

PT J
AU Roegner, GC
   Dawley, EW
   Russell, M
   Whiting, A
   Teel, DJ
AF Roegner, G. Curtis
   Dawley, Earl W.
   Russell, Micah
   Whiting, Allan
   Teel, David J.
TI Juvenile Salmonid Use of Reconnected Tidal Freshwater Wetlands in Grays
   River, Lower Columbia River Basin
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESTORED ESTUARINE WETLAND; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA;
   FRASER-RIVER; COHO SALMON; SEASONAL FLOODPLAIN; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST;
   BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTH SLOUGH; HABITAT
AB Degraded wetland systems with impaired hydraulic connections have resulted in diminished habitat opportunity for salmonid fishes and other native flora and fauna in the Pacific Northwest. Many of these lost habitats were once intertidal freshwater marshes and swamps. Restoration of these systems is effected in part by reestablishing tidal processes that promote connectivity, with a central goal of restoring rearing habitat for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. In the Grays River tidal freshwater system of Washington, we measured hydrologic changes that resulted from the removal of tide gates from diked pastureland and we determined the subsequent time series of salmonid abundance and size frequency in the restoring marshes. Dike breaching caused an immediate return of full semidiurnal tidal fluctuations to the pasturelands. Juvenile Pacific salmonids quickly expanded into this newly available habitat and used prey items that were presumably produced within the marshes. Habitat use varied by species and life history stage. Fry of chum salmon O. keta migrated rapidly through the system, whereas populations of Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch resided from March to at least July and were composed of fry, fingerlings, and (for coho salmon) yearlings. Based on salmon size at date and the timing of hatchery releases, we concluded that most salmon sampled in restored and reference sites were the progeny of natural spawners. However, the presence of adipose-fin-clipped Chinook salmon indicated that hatchery-raised fish originating outside the Grays River system also used the restoring wetland habitat. Because of extensive mixing of stocks through hatchery practices, genetic analyses did not provide additional insight into the origins of the Chinook salmon but did reveal that out-migrating juveniles were an admixed population composed of lower Columbia River ancestry and nonindigenous Rogue River stock. Restoration of tidal wetlands in the Columbia River estuary will improve overall ecosystem connectivity and reduce habitat fragmentation and may therefore increase survival of a variety of Pacific salmon stocks during migration.
C1 [Roegner, G. Curtis] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Biol Field Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
   [Russell, Micah; Whiting, Allan] Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce, Astoria, OR 97103 USA.
   [Teel, David J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
RP Roegner, GC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Biol Field Stn, Box 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
EM curtis.roegner@noaa.gov
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Bonneville Power Administration; National
   Fish and Wildlife Foundation
FX We thank our colleagues on the Cumulative Effects Team-Amy Borde, Heida
   Diefenderfer, Gary Johnson, and Ron Thom (Pacific Northwest National
   Laboratory) and Blaine Ebberts (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)-for
   logistical and conceptual support. The diligent efforts of Columbia
   River Estuary Study Taskforce technicians, notably April Silva and April
   Cameron, were greatly appreciated. Ian Sinks (Columbia River Land Trust)
   provided encouragement and access to field sites. Amy Borde gathered the
   kinematic GPS measurements and georeferenced hydrology data and supplied
   the base map. Bryce Glaser and Todd Hillson (WDFW) provided Grays River
   Hatchery data and maintained the smolt trap during 2008. David
   Kuligowski (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) processed
   the Chinook salmon genetic data, and Lia Stamatiou (University of
   Washington) identified salmon stomach contents. We appreciate the
   efforts of our peer reviewers toward strengthening the manuscript. This
   research was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bonneville
   Power Administration, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Reference
   to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine
   Fisheries Service.
NR 63
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 40
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 4
BP 1211
EP 1232
DI 10.1577/T09-082.1
PG 22
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 625FI
UT WOS:000279879700023
ER

PT J
AU Sinigalliano, CD
   Fleisher, JM
   Gidley, ML
   Solo-Gabriele, HM
   Shibata, T
   Plano, LRW
   Elmir, SM
   Wanless, D
   Bartkowiak, J
   Boiteau, R
   Withum, K
   Abdelzaher, AM
   He, GQ
   Ortega, C
   Zhu, XF
   Wright, ME
   Kish, J
   Hollenbeck, J
   Scott, T
   Backer, LC
   Fleming, LE
AF Sinigalliano, Christopher D.
   Fleisher, Jay M.
   Gidley, Maribeth L.
   Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.
   Shibata, Tomoyuki
   Plano, Lisa R. W.
   Elmir, Samir M.
   Wanless, David
   Bartkowiak, Jakub
   Boiteau, Rene
   Withum, Kelly
   Abdelzaher, Amir M.
   He, Guoqing
   Ortega, Cristina
   Zhu, Xiaofang
   Wright, Mary E.
   Kish, Jonathan
   Hollenbeck, Julie
   Scott, Troy
   Backer, Lorraine C.
   Fleming, Lora E.
TI Traditional and molecular analyses for fecal indicator bacteria in
   non-point source subtropical recreational marine waters
SO WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Recreational water quality; Indicator organisms; Enterococci;
   Bacteroidales; Quantitative PCR; Membrane filtration plate counts;
   Chromogenic substrate; Gastrointestinal illness; Respiratory illness;
   Skin illness
ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA;
   COASTAL WATERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; SOUTHERN
   CALIFORNIA; QUALITY CRITERIA; DOMESTIC SEWAGE; GENETIC-MARKERS
AB The use of enterococci as the primary fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) for the determination of recreational water safety has been questioned, particularly in sub/tropical marine waters without known point sources of sewage. Alternative FIB (such as the Bacteroidales group) and alternative measurement methods (such as rapid molecular testing) have been proposed to supplement or replace current marine water quality testing methods which require culturing enterococci. Moreover, environmental parameters have also been proposed to supplement current monitoring programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health risks to humans from exposure to subtropical recreational marine waters with no known point source. The study reported symptoms between one set of human subjects randomly assigned to marine water exposure with intensive environmental monitoring compared with other subjects who did not have exposure. In addition, illness outcomes among the exposed bathers were compared to levels of traditional and alternative FIB (as measured by culture-based and molecular-based methods), and compared to easily measured environmental parameters. Results demonstrated an increase in self-reported gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin illnesses among bathers vs. non-bathers. Among the bathers, a dose response relationship by logistic regression modeling was observed for skin illness, where illness was positively related to enterococci enumeration by membrane filtration (odds ratio = 1.46 [95% confidence interval = 0.97-2.21] per increasing log10 unit of enterococci exposure) and positively related to 24 h antecedent rain fall (1.04 [1.01-1.07] per increasing millimeters of rain). Acute febrile respiratory illness was inversely related to water temperature (0.74 [0.56-0.98] per increasing degree of water temperature). There were no significant dose response relationships between report of human illness and any of the other FIB or environmental measures. Therefore, for non-point source subtropical recreational marine waters, this study suggests that humans may be at increased risk of reported illness, and that the currently recommended and investigational FIB may not track gastrointestinal illness under these conditions; the relationship between other human illness and environmental measures is less clear. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Shibata, Tomoyuki; Wanless, David; Bartkowiak, Jakub; Boiteau, Rene] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Fleisher, Jay M.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Shibata, Tomoyuki; Plano, Lisa R. W.; Elmir, Samir M.; Wanless, David; Bartkowiak, Jakub; Withum, Kelly; Abdelzaher, Amir M.; He, Guoqing; Ortega, Cristina; Zhu, Xiaofang; Wright, Mary E.; Kish, Jonathan; Hollenbeck, Julie; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
   [Fleisher, Jay M.] Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
   [Gidley, Maribeth L.; Wanless, David; Bartkowiak, Jakub] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
   [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Abdelzaher, Amir M.; He, Guoqing; Ortega, Cristina; Wright, Mary E.] Univ Miami, Coll Engn, Coral Gables, FL USA.
   [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Kish, Jonathan; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA.
   [Elmir, Samir M.] Miami Dade Cty Publ Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA.
   [Scott, Troy] Source Mol Corp, Miami, FL USA.
   [Backer, Lorraine C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Sinigalliano, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM christopher.sinigalliano@noaa.gov
RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014; 
OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley,
   maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073; Fleisher, Jay/0000-0002-2553-2201
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES012736, P50 ES012736-05S2]
NR 62
TC 61
Z9 62
U1 4
U2 28
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0043-1354
J9 WATER RES
JI Water Res.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 13
BP 3763
EP 3772
DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.04.026
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 623TH
UT WOS:000279766700002
PM 20605185
ER

PT J
AU Poyar, KA
   Beller-Simms, N
AF Poyar, Kyle Andrew
   Beller-Simms, Nancy
TI Early Responses to Climate Change: An Analysis of Seven US State and
   Local Climate Adaptation Planning Initiatives
SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB State and local governments in the United States manage a wide array of natural and human resources that are particularly sensitive to climate variability and change. Recent revelations of the extent of the current and potential climate impact in this realm such as with the quality of water, the structure of the coasts, and the potential and witnessed impact on the built infrastructure give these political authorities impetus to minimize their vulnerability and plan for the future. In fact, a growing number of subnational government bodies in the United States have initiated climate adaptation planning efforts; these initiatives emphasize an array of climate impacts, but at different scales, scopes, and levels of sophistication. Meanwhile, the current body of climate adaptation literature has not taken a comprehensive look at these plans nor have they questioned what prompts local adaptation planning, at what scope and scale action is being taken, or what prioritizes certain policy responses over others. This paper presents a case-based analysis of seven urban climate adaptation planning initiatives, drawing from a review of publicly available planning documents and interviews with stakeholders directly involved in the planning process to provide a preliminary understanding of these issues. The paper also offers insight into the state of implementation of adaptation strategies, highlighting the role of low upfront costs and cobenefits with issues already on the local agenda in prompting anticipatory adaptation.
C1 [Poyar, Kyle Andrew; Beller-Simms, Nancy] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   [Poyar, Kyle Andrew] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Poyar, KA (reprint author), Brown Univ, 69 Brown St,Box 5254, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM poyar.kyle@gmail.com
RI Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014
NR 42
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1948-8327
J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC
JI Weather Clim. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 2
IS 3
BP 237
EP 248
DI 10.1175/2010WCAS1047.1
PG 12
WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA V22HS
UT WOS:000208266900007
ER

PT J
AU Schultz, DM
   Gruntfest, EC
   Hayden, MH
   Benight, CC
   Drobot, S
   Barnes, LR
AF Schultz, David M.
   Gruntfest, Eve C.
   Hayden, Mary H.
   Benight, Charles C.
   Drobot, Sheldon
   Barnes, Lindsey R.
TI Decision Making by Austin, Texas, Residents in Hypothetical Tornado
   Scenarios
SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB One of the goals of the Warning Project is to understand how people receive warnings of hazardous weather and subsequently use this information to make decisions. As part of the project, 519 surveys from Austin, Texas, floodplain residents were collected and analyzed. About 90% of respondents understood that a tornado warning represented a more serious and more likely threat than a tornado watch. Most respondents (86%) were not concerned about a limited number of false alarms or close calls reducing their confidence in future warnings, suggesting no cry-wolf effect. Most respondents reported safe decisions in two hypothetical scenarios: a tornado warning issued while the respondent was home and a tornado visible by the respondent while driving. However, nearly half the respondents indicated that they would seek shelter from a tornado under a highway overpass if they were driving. Despite the limitations of this study, these results suggest that more education is needed on the dangers of highway overpasses as shelter from severe weather.
C1 [Schultz, David M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
   [Schultz, David M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div Atmospher Sci, Helsinki, Finland.
   [Schultz, David M.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England.
   [Schultz, David M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   [Hayden, Mary H.; Drobot, Sheldon] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Benight, Charles C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Psychol, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA.
   [Barnes, Lindsey R.] enXco, Denver, CO USA.
   [Schultz, David M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1,POB 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
EM david.schultz@fmi.fi
RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010
OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975
FU National Science Foundation [CMS-0301392]; U.S. Department of Commerce;
   NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
   Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; Vaisala Oyj
FX The Warning Project was funded by National Science Foundation Grant
   CMS-0301392 to Gruntfest and Benight. Schultz was partially funded by
   the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under
   NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S.
   Department of Commerce, and by Vaisala Oyj. The National Center for
   Atmospheric Research is funded by the National Science Foundation. We
   thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which improved this
   manuscript.
NR 29
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1948-8327
J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC
JI Weather Clim. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2010
VL 2
IS 3
BP 249
EP 254
DI 10.1175/2010WCAS1067.1
PG 6
WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA V22HS
UT WOS:000208266900008
ER

PT J
AU Lonin, SA
   Hernandez, JL
   Palacios, DM
AF Lonin, Serguei A.
   Hernandez, Jose L.
   Palacios, Daniel M.
TI Atmospheric events disrupting coastal upwelling in the southwestern
   Caribbean
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH-AMERICA; MODEL; SEA; EDDIES; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; CLIMATE;
   SYSTEM
AB Year-round coastal upwelling is a prevalent phenomenon in the southwestern Caribbean region, driven by northeast trade winds. This pattern can be disrupted during the boreal winter-to-spring transition by event-scale departures in the pressure systems, characterized by a change in wind direction to northward, with the accompanying relaxation of coastal upwelling. To study these poorly understood events, regional atmospheric and data-assimilative ocean modeling experiments were carried out for the period 4 March to 9 April 2003 and compared to shipboard observations This combined ocean-atmosphere approach allowed us to study the evolution of a 3-day atmospheric disturbance affecting ocean currents and collapsing the upwelling pattern against the Colombian coast along the Guajira Peninsula near 12 degrees N. The southward extension of the coastal upwelling, which normally reaches 10.5 degrees N, was blocked by the warmer and slightly lower salinity waters of the cyclonic Panama-Colombia gyre. Under typical conditions, the ocean model and shipboard observations of temperature and salinity profiles were in good agreement with each other, both at coastal and oceanic stations. The presence of a low-level westward wind jet was manifested in the atmospheric model simulation, confirming that it promotes the Guajira upwelling system; however, the jet vanishes under disturbed atmospheric conditions.
C1 [Lonin, Serguei A.] Escuela Naval Cadetes Almirante Padilla, Fac Oceanog Fis, Cartagena, Colombia.
   [Hernandez, Jose L.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Palacios, Daniel M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Palacios, Daniel M.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA.
RP Lonin, SA (reprint author), Escuela Naval Cadetes Almirante Padilla, Fac Oceanog Fis, Cartagena, Colombia.
EM jose.l.hernandez@ufl.edu
RI Palacios, Daniel/B-9180-2008
OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913
FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NASA Applied Sciences Program, Earth
   Science Division [NNH07ZDA001N]; Research Opportunities in Space and
   Earth Sciences [ROSES-2007]
FX This research originally used computational resources, oceanographic
   instrumentation, and cruises supported by the Centro de Investigaciones
   Oceanograficas e Hidrograficas in Cartagena, Colombia. J. L. H.
   acknowledges support from Southeast Climate Consortium and Department of
   Agricultural and Biological Engineering at the University of Florida in
   the final data analysis and visualization presented in this
   investigation. D. M. P. was supported by funding from the Gordon and
   Betty Moore Foundation and NASA Applied Sciences Program, Earth Science
   Division, through a grant provided by Research Announcement
   NNH07ZDA001N, Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences
   (ROSES-2007), Program Element A. 20: Decision Support Through Earth
   Science Research Results. We thank Dr Arnold Gordon from Lamont-Doherty
   Earth Observatory and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an
   earlier draft of this paper.
NR 35
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD JUN 30
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C06030
DI 10.1029/2008JC005100
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 620UC
UT WOS:000279524900002
ER

PT J
AU Kilburn, D
   Roh, JH
   Guo, L
   Briber, RM
   Woodson, SA
AF Kilburn, Duncan
   Roh, Joon Ho
   Guo, Liang
   Briber, Robert M.
   Woodson, Sarah A.
TI Molecular Crowding Stabilizes Folded RNA Structure by the Excluded
   Volume Effect
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUP-I RIBOZYME; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES;
   NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CORE HELICES; PROTEIN; BINDING; IONS; PARAMETER;
   HYDRATION
AB Crowder molecules in solution alter the equilibrium between folded and unfolded states of biological macromolecules. It is therefore critical to account for the influence of these other molecules when describing the folding of RNA inside the cell. Small angle X-ray scattering experiments are reported on a 64 kDa bacterial group I ribozyme in the presence of polyethylene-glycol 1000 (PEG-1000), a molecular crowder with an average molecular weight of 1000 Da. In agreement with expected excluded volume effects, PEG favors more compact RNA structures. First, the transition from the unfolded to the folded (more compact) state occurs at lower MgCl(2) concentrations in PEG. Second, the radius of gyration of the unfolded RNA decreases from 76 to 64 angstrom as the PEG concentration increases from 0 to 20% wt/vol. Changes to water and ion activities were measured experimentally, and theoretical models were used to evaluate the excluded volume. We conclude that the dominant influence of the PEG crowder on the folding process is the excluded volume effect.
C1 [Roh, Joon Ho; Briber, Robert M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Kilburn, Duncan; Roh, Joon Ho; Woodson, Sarah A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Roh, Joon Ho] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Guo, Liang] IIT, Dept BCPS, BioCAT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
RP Briber, RM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM rbriber@jhu.edu; swoodson@jhu.edu
RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; 
OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942; Woodson, Sarah/0000-0003-0170-1987
FU NIH [GM60819]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office
   of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institutes of
   Health [RR-08630]
FX The authors thank Tom Irving (BioCAT), Lin Yang and Marc Allaire (NSLS
   X9) for assistance with SAXS experiments, D. Draper and D. Lambert for
   assistance with the Vapor pressure osmometry experiments, R. Behrouzi
   for help with sample preparation, and D Thirumalai for helpful
   discussions. This work was supported by MST and a grant from the NIH
   (GM60819). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under
   contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. BioCAT is a National Institutes of
   Health-supported Research Center RR-08630. Use of the National
   Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported
   by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 48
TC 73
Z9 75
U1 5
U2 42
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD JUN 30
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 25
BP 8690
EP 8696
DI 10.1021/ja101500g
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 616GH
UT WOS:000279196500034
PM 20521820
ER

PT J
AU Lau, JW
   Morrow, P
   Read, JC
   Hoink, V
   Egelhoff, WF
   Huang, L
   Zhu, Y
AF Lau, J. W.
   Morrow, P.
   Read, J. C.
   Hoink, V.
   Egelhoff, W. F.
   Huang, L.
   Zhu, Y.
TI In situ tunneling measurements in a transmission electron microscope on
   nanomagnetic tunnel junctions
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE crystal microstructure; nanostructured materials; transmission electron
   microscopy; tunnelling magnetoresistance
ID LOCAL TRANSPORT; BARRIERS; TEM
AB We showed that a chain of nanomagnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) devices can be electrically addressed individually, in situ, in a transmission electron microscope, such that transport properties can be in principle, quantitatively correlated with each device's defects and microstructure. A unique energy barrier was obtained for each device measured. Additionally, in situ tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) measurements were obtained for a subset of devices. We found that TMR values for our nano-MTJs were generally smaller than TMR in the unpatterned film. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3446841]
C1 [Lau, J. W.; Morrow, P.; Read, J. C.; Hoink, V.; Egelhoff, W. F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Huang, L.; Zhu, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Lau, JW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM june.lau@nist.gov
RI Lau, June/C-7509-2013
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 28
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 26
AR 262508
DI 10.1063/1.3446841
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 620QM
UT WOS:000279514400042
ER

PT J
AU Knappe, S
   Robinson, HG
AF Knappe, Svenja
   Robinson, Hugh G.
TI Double-resonance lineshapes in a cell with wall coating and buffer gas
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RELAXATION; ATOMS; FIELD; SPINS
AB Microwave double resonances were measured in a wall-coated Rb vapor cell as a function of additional buffer-gas pressure. These data were compared with similar measurements in an uncoated cell. It was found that the linewidth in the coated spherical cell of diameter 1.6 cm displays a distinct maximum around 0.2 kPa. This agrees well with theoretical solutions of the diffusion equation, assuming a complex reflection coefficient at the wall. It was also found that at intermediate pressures the lineshapes of the microwave resonances become asymmetric with a low-frequency tail. This agrees with the explanation that where the alkali mean free path is substantially smaller than the average distance between wall collisions at zero pressure, there exist two classes of atoms in the cell. The atoms that get trapped near the walls accumulate much larger phase shifts than those toward the center of the cell. This effect is not seen in the longitudinal relaxation rate, indicating that it is related to a phase-shift effect.
C1 [Knappe, Svenja; Robinson, Hugh G.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Knappe, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM knappe@boulder.nist.gov
NR 28
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD JUN 28
PY 2010
VL 12
AR 065021
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065021
PG 9
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 625ET
UT WOS:000279878000008
ER

PT J
AU Jia, SA
   Chi, SX
   Lynn, JW
   Cava, RJ
AF Jia, Shuang
   Chi, Songxue
   Lynn, J. W.
   Cava, R. J.
TI Magnetic and structural properties of Ca(Fe1-xCox)(2)P-2 and
   Ca(Ni1-xCox)(2)P-2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID THCR2SI2 STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOSPHIDES CACO2P2;
   SUPERCONDUCTOR; PRESSURE; CANI2P2
AB We report thermodynamic and crystallographic properties for Ca(Fe1-xCox)(2)P-2 and Ca(Ni1-xCox)(2)P-2 for 0 <= x <= 1 both ThCr2Si2-type solid solutions. Ca(Fe1-xCox)(2)P-2 display an anomalous, non-Vegard's law a-axis variation. A monotonically increasing interlayer P-P bond strength is found on progressing from Fe to Co to Ni in the 3d series. Both CaFe2P2 and CaNi2P2 evolve from Pauli paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic (CaCo2P2) with Co doping but the magnetic properties of the solid solutions are distinctly different. Ca(Ni1-xCox)(2)P-2 shows more localized-electron behavior, associated with more complicated magnetic phase transitions.
C1 [Jia, Shuang; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Chi, Songxue; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chi, Songxue] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Jia, SA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RI Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013
OI Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-FG02-98ER45706]
FX The work at Princeton was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Division of Basic Energy Sciences under Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER45706.
NR 29
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 12
U2 42
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 28
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 21
AR 214446
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.214446
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 617EU
UT WOS:000279264500003
ER

PT J
AU Maus, S
AF Maus, S.
TI An ellipsoidal harmonic representation of Earth's lithospheric magnetic
   field to degree and order 720
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetic anomaly; magnetic reference model; crustal magnetic field;
   ellipsoidal harmonic expansion; magnetic potential
ID SATELLITE; AIRBORNE
AB While high-degree models of the Earth's gravity potential have been inferred from measurements for more than a decade, corresponding geomagnetic models are difficult to produce. The primary challenge lies in the estimation of the magnetic potential, which is not completely determined by available field intensity measurements and cannot be computed by direct integration. Described here is the methodology behind the third generation of the National Geophysical Data Center's degree 720 magnetic model. Key issues are (1) the ellipsoidal harmonic representation of the magnetic potential, (2) the reduction of ambiguities by a suitable penalty function, and (3) the use of an iterative method to estimate the model coefficients. The NGDC-720 model provides the lithospheric magnetic field vector at any desired location and altitude close to and above the Earth's surface. Anticipated uses are in geological and tectonic studies of the lithosphere, as a local correction for magnetic navigation and heading systems, and the calibration of ground, marine, airborne, and spaceborne magnetometers. The NGDC-720 model is available at http://geomag.org/models/ngdc720.html and for long-term archive at http://earthref.org/cgi-bin/er.cgi?s=erda.cgi?n=989.
C1 [Maus, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Maus, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov
NR 34
TC 37
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD JUN 26
PY 2010
VL 11
AR Q06015
DI 10.1029/2010GC003026
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 617UJ
UT WOS:000279307100002
ER

PT J
AU Han, Y
   Tan, SL
   Oo, MKK
   Pristinski, D
   Sukhishvili, S
   Du, H
AF Han, Yun
   Tan, Siliu
   Oo, Maung Kyaw Khaing
   Pristinski, Denis
   Sukhishvili, Svetlana
   Du, Henry
TI Towards Full-Length Accumulative Surface-Enhanced Raman
   Scattering-Active Photonic Crystal Fibers
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROSTRUCTURED OPTICAL-FIBERS; SILVER ELECTRODE; HOT-SPOTS; CORE;
   SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA; SERS
AB A full-length accumulative photonic crystal fiber (PCF) that is surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active is achieved by immobilizing Ag nanoparticles inside the air channels of solid-core and hollow-core PCFs using a polyelectrolyte-mediated process. Raman gain in PCFs prevails with coverage density below 0.5 nanoparticle mu m(-2). Light attenuation dominates, however, at a higher density. Controlled coverage density and uniformity of nanoparticles is the key to the exploitation of the length benefit of the PCF platform.
C1 [Sukhishvili, Svetlana] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
   [Han, Yun; Tan, Siliu; Oo, Maung Kyaw Khaing; Du, Henry] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
   [Pristinski, Denis] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sukhishvili, S (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
EM ssukhish@stevens.edu; hdu@stevens.edu
RI han, yun/C-1470-2011; han, yun/F-1588-2011
FU NSF [ECS-0404002]; US Army ARDEC [W15QKN-05-D-0011]
FX We thank Dr. Dennis J. Trevor of OFS Laboratories for supplying
   solid-core PCF, Dr. Yinian Zhu and Dr. Rainer Martini of Stevens for
   their valuable discussions, and Mr. Vassili Belov for his help with the
   preparation of the manuscript. This work was supported by NSF under
   ECS-0404002 and by the US Army ARDEC under W15QKN-05-D-0011.
NR 33
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 10
U2 54
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0935-9648
J9 ADV MATER
JI Adv. Mater.
PD JUN 25
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 24
BP 2647
EP +
DI 10.1002/adma.200904192
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 626WC
UT WOS:000279997400006
PM 20440699
ER

PT J
AU Huang, CL
   Spence, HE
   Singer, HJ
   Hughes, WJ
AF Huang, Chia-Lin
   Spence, Harlan E.
   Singer, Howard J.
   Hughes, W. Jeffrey
TI Modeling radiation belt radial diffusion in ULF wave fields: 1.
   Quantifying ULF wave power at geosynchronous orbit in observations and
   in global MHD model
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; SOLAR-WIND; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION;
   PULSATIONS; OSCILLATIONS; SIMULATION; PLASMA; FLUX
AB To provide critical ULF wave field information for radial diffusion studies in the radiation belts, we quantify ULF wave power (f = 0.5-8.3 mHz) in GOES observations and magnetic field predictions from a global magnetospheric model. A statistical study of 9 years of GOES data reveals the wave local time distribution and power at geosynchronous orbit in field-aligned coordinates as functions of wave frequency, solar wind conditions (V(x), Delta P(d) and IMF B(z)) and geomagnetic activity levels (Kp, Dst and AE). ULF wave power grows monotonically with increasing solar wind V(x), dynamic pressure variations Delta Pd and geomagnetic indices in a highly correlated way. During intervals of northward and southward IMF B(z), wave activity concentrates on the dayside and nightside sectors, respectively, due to different wave generation mechanisms in primarily open and closed magnetospheric configurations. Since global magnetospheric models have recently been used to trace particles in radiation belt studies, it is important to quantify the wave predictions of these models at frequencies relevant to electron dynamics (mHz range). Using 27 days of real interplanetary conditions as model inputs, we examine the ULF wave predictions modeled by the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry magnetohydrodynamic code. The LFM code does well at reproducing, in a statistical sense, the ULF waves observed by GOES. This suggests that the LFM code is capable of modeling variability in the magnetosphere on ULF time scales during typical conditions. The code provides a long-missing wave field model needed to quantify the interaction of radiation belt electrons with realistic, global ULF waves throughout the inner magnetosphere.
C1 [Huang, Chia-Lin; Spence, Harlan E.; Hughes, W. Jeffrey] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Spence, Harlan E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
RP Huang, CL (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM hcl@bu.edu
RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; 
OI Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0120950]; NASA [923497, NAS5-01072]
FX We thank M. K. Hudson and J. G. Lyon for helpful discussions and
   suggestions. We acknowledge the WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto University,
   Japan for the geomagnetic indices, and CDAWeb for GOES and Wind data.
   This material is based upon work supported by Center for Integrated
   Space Weather Modeling (CISM) funded by the Science and Technology
   Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under agreement
   ATM-0120950 and by the NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission
   funded under JHU/APL subcontract 923497 of prime NASA contract
   NAS5-01072.
NR 33
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD JUN 25
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A06215
DI 10.1029/2009JA014917
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 617XF
UT WOS:000279314500001
ER

PT J
AU Temimi, M
   Leconte, R
   Chaouch, N
   Sukumal, P
   Khanbilvardi, R
   Brissette, F
AF Temimi, M.
   Leconte, R.
   Chaouch, N.
   Sukumal, P.
   Khanbilvardi, R.
   Brissette, F.
TI A combination of remote sensing data and topographic attributes for the
   spatial and temporal monitoring of soil wetness
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Soil moisture; Topography; Passive microwave; Vegetation; Downscaling
ID SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY; AMAZON RIVER FLOODPLAIN; PEACE-ATHABASCA
   DELTA; AMSR-E; SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; MOISTURE RETRIEVAL;
   INUNDATION AREA; WATER CONTENT; NEAR-SURFACE; MISSION SRTM
AB This work presents a methodology for soil wetness monitoring over the Peace Athabasca Delta, PAD, a northern watershed located in the Mackenzie River Basin in North-Western Canada The approach is based on the use of a combination of passive microwave data from AMSR-E instrument, data in the visible wavelengths from MODIS sensor and topographic attributes derived from the SRTM Digital Elevation Model. Classic topography-based wetness indices are static and unable to capture the temporal variability of soil moisture Also, they do not account for vegetation effect on the spatial organisation of soil wetness. We therefore suggest overcoming these limitations by assessing the temporal variability of soil wetness using passive microwave data and introducing vegetation parameters into a new topography-based wetness index (TWI) The proposed approach is an improvement in a dynamic sense over classic topographic indices. It also distinguishes between wetness and open waterbodies contributions to the passive microwave signal. AMSR-E 37 GHz data have been used to regularly assess total soil wetness in the PAD. MODIS images have been used to develop a rating curve relationship between discharge observations and the extent of flooded areas. A basin wetness index (BWI) has been calculated as the difference between total wetness fraction from AMSR-E and inundated surface fraction retrieved from MODIS images. The new topographic wetness index disaggregates BWI values and distinguishes between inundated areas and wet soils responses in the passive microwave signal. Results were compared to those derived from the classic and static index. The proposed index has provided a better estimation of the wetness over the basin with respect to the classic wetness index The correlation coefficients between the disaggregated wetness Index and observed precipitations at Fort Chipewayn A station were 0.7 and 0.69 for 2003 and 2002 respectively. The obtained map of waterbodies in the delta which is the result of the downscaling process agrees well with a Landsat image as the determined probability of detection was equal to 0.7. This implies that a combination of passive microwave data and topographic attributes has an interesting potential to improve the water balance closure over northern basins. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Temimi, M.; Chaouch, N.; Sukumal, P.; Khanbilvardi, R.] CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA.
   [Leconte, R.; Brissette, F.] Univ Quebec, Ecole Technol Super, ARDEM Res Grp, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
RP Temimi, M (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA.
NR 60
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 6
U2 33
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD JUN 25
PY 2010
VL 388
IS 1-2
BP 28
EP 40
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.04.021
PG 13
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 621HZ
UT WOS:000279568100003
ER

PT J
AU Wang, D
   Neyenhuis, B
   de Miranda, MHG
   Ni, KK
   Ospelkaus, S
   Jin, DS
   Ye, J
AF Wang, D.
   Neyenhuis, B.
   de Miranda, M. H. G.
   Ni, K-K.
   Ospelkaus, S.
   Jin, D. S.
   Ye, J.
TI Direct absorption imaging of ultracold polar molecules
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOASSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMS; STATE
AB We demonstrate a scheme for direct absorption imaging of an ultracold ground-state polar molecular gas near quantum degeneracy. Imaging molecules without closed optical cycling transitions is challenging. Our technique relies on photon-shot-noise-limited absorption imaging on a strong but open bound-bound molecular transition. We present a systematic characterization of this imaging technique. Using this technique combined with time-of-flight expansion, we demonstrate the capability to determine momentum and spatial distributions for the molecular gas. With its capability of imaging molecules in arbitrary external fields, we anticipate that this technique will find many applications in the study of molecular quantum gases.
C1 [Wang, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Wang, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Wang, Dajun/F-7026-2012
FU NIST; NSF; AFOSR-MURI; DARPA
FX We gratefully acknowledge that funding for this work was provided by
   NIST, NSF, AFOSR-MURI, and DARPA.
NR 25
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 25
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 6
AR 061404
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.061404
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 615NT
UT WOS:000279142700001
ER

PT J
AU Denton, GH
   Anderson, RF
   Toggweiler, JR
   Edwards, RL
   Schaefer, JM
   Putnam, AE
AF Denton, G. H.
   Anderson, R. F.
   Toggweiler, J. R.
   Edwards, R. L.
   Schaefer, J. M.
   Putnam, A. E.
TI The Last Glacial Termination
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET;
   ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; YOUNGER DRYAS; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL;
   BIPOLAR SEESAW; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC
AB A major puzzle of paleoclimatology is why, after a long interval of cooling climate, each late Quaternary ice age ended with a relatively short warming leg called a termination. We here offer a comprehensive hypothesis of how Earth emerged from the last global ice age. A prerequisite was the growth of very large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, whose subsequent collapse created stadial conditions that disrupted global patterns of ocean and atmospheric circulation. The Southern Hemisphere westerlies shifted poleward during each northern stadial, producing pulses of ocean upwelling and warming that together accounted for much of the termination in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. Rising atmospheric CO(2) during southern upwelling pulses augmented warming during the last termination in both polar hemispheres.
C1 [Anderson, R. F.; Schaefer, J. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
   [Denton, G. H.; Putnam, A. E.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
   [Denton, G. H.; Putnam, A. E.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Bryand Global Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
   [Anderson, R. F.; Schaefer, J. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA.
   [Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
   [Edwards, R. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Anderson, RF (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM boba@ldeo.columbia.edu
OI Putnam, Aaron/0000-0002-5358-1473; Anderson, Robert/0000-0002-8472-2494
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Gary C. Comer Science
   and Education Foundation
FX Comments from W. S. Broecker and three anonymous reviewers improved this
   manuscript. S. Birkel assisted in drafting the figures. Work described
   in this paper was funded by a grants/cooperative agreement from the
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and by the Gary C. Comer
   Science and Education Foundation. The views expressed herein are those
   of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any
   of its subagencies. This is Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
   contribution number 7368.
NR 73
TC 265
Z9 269
U1 16
U2 177
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 25
PY 2010
VL 328
IS 5986
BP 1652
EP 1656
DI 10.1126/science.1184119
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 615BY
UT WOS:000279107400032
PM 20576882
ER

PT J
AU Kahn, AS
   Matsumoto, GI
   Hirano, YM
   Collins, AG
AF Kahn, Amanda S.
   Matsumoto, George I.
   Hirano, Yayoi M.
   Collins, Allen G.
TI Haliclystus californiensis, a "new" species of stauromedusa (Cnidaria:
   Staurozoa) from the northeast Pacific, with a key to the species of
   Haliclystus
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE Haliclystus; Staurozoa; stauromedusa; Cnidaria; H. auricula; H.
   octoradiatus; H. californiensis; H. tenuis; H. stejnegeri; H. borealis
ID PHYLUM-CNIDARIA; RDNA DATA; PHYLOGENY; MEDUSOZOA; EVOLUTION
AB We describe Haliclystus californiensis, a new species of stauromedusa from the northeast Pacific. Haliclystus californiensis differs from other species within the genus primarily by its horseshoe-shaped anchors, but also by the presence of prominent glandular pads at the base of its outermost secondary tentacles and by geographic range. It has been found from southern to northern California in coastal waters, 10 to 30 m depth. A single specimen of the species was originally described in an unpublished dissertation; nine additional specimens have been found since that time. We provide an annotated key to the known species of Haliclystus.
C1 [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
   [Kahn, Amanda S.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
   [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
   [Hirano, Yayoi M.] Chiba Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Sch Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan.
RP Collins, AG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-153,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
EM akahn@mlml.calstate.edu; mage@mbari.org; yakko@earth.s.chiba-u.ac.jp;
   collinsa@si.edu
RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008
OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691
FU US National Science Foundation [0531779]
FX We are grateful to G.F. Gwilliam for the considerable amount of work
   done to describe this species in his dissertation. We also thank the
   staff of both the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
   Institution, and the California Academy of Sciences, for loaning
   specimens. We thank V. and J. Pearse for bringing the specimen that
   became the holotype to the attention of AGC and allowing him to observe
   and photograph the animal alive in their basement. Thanks are due to C.
   Widmer and J. Mariottini of the Monterey Bay Aquarium for collecting a
   specimen of H. californiensis and graciously allowing us to study it. L.
   Ivanov provided a crucial Russian translation, without which the
   dichotomous key would have been incomplete. N.T. Pierce, L. Scheimer,
   T.S. Burrow, F. Sommer, J. Watanabe, K.W. Demes, T. Suskiewicz, and A.
   Alifano provided scuba diving and collection assistance. We are grateful
   to L. Miranda for providing very helpful feedback on an earlier draft.
   L. Miranda and C. Mills provided valuable feedback that improved an
   earlier draft. Finally, we thank the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research
   Institute and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories for use of facilities and
   resources. AGC acknowledges support from the US National Science
   Foundation Assembling the Tree of Life grant 0531779 (to AGC, P.
   Cartwright, and D. Fautin).
NR 32
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD JUN 25
PY 2010
IS 2518
BP 49
EP 59
PG 11
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 615MZ
UT WOS:000279140700003
ER

PT J
AU Link, JS
AF Link, Jason S.
TI Adding rigor to ecological network models by evaluating a set of
   pre-balance diagnostics: A plea for PREBAL
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Food web models; Energy budgets; Ecopath; Econetwrk; Quality control;
   Quality assurance; Error traps; Rules of thumb
ID STRUCTURED FOOD WEBS; BODY-SIZE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ECOSYSTEM MODELS;
   ECOPATH; INDICATORS; FISHERIES
AB The widespread use of ecological network models (e.g., Ecopath, Econetwrk, and related energy budget models) has been laudable for several reasons, chief of which is providing an easy-to-use set of modeling tools that can present an ecosystem context for improved understanding and management of living marine resources (LMR). Yet the ease-of-use of these models has led to two challenges. First, the veritable explosion of the use and application of these network models has resulted in recognition that the content and use of such models has spanned a range of quality. Second, as these models and their application have become more widespread, they are increasingly being used in a LMR management context. Thus review panels and other evaluators of these models would benefit from a set of rigorous and standard criteria from which the basis for all network models and related applications for any given system (i.e., the initial, static energy budget) can be evaluated. To this end, as one suggestion for improving network models in general, here I propose a series of pre-balance (PREBAL) diagnostics. These PREBAL diagnostics can be done, now, in simple spreadsheets before any balancing or tuning is executed. Examples of these PREBAL diagnostics include biomasses, biomass ratios, vital rates, vital rate ratios, total production, and total removals (and slopes thereof) across the taxa and trophic levels in any given energy budget. I assert that there are some general ecological and fishery principles that can be used in conjunction with PREBAL diagnostics to identify issues of model structure and data quality before balancing and dynamic applications are executed. I humbly present this PREBAL information as a simple yet general approach that could be easily implemented, could be considered for further incorporation into these model packages, and as such would ultimately result in a straightforward way to evaluate (and perhaps identify areas for improving) initial conditions in food web modeling efforts. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM Jason.Link@noaa.gov
NR 51
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
EI 1872-7026
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD JUN 24
PY 2010
VL 221
IS 12
BP 1580
EP 1591
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.03.012
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 609GH
UT WOS:000278643500005
ER

PT J
AU Boggara, MB
   Faraone, A
   Krishnamoorti, R
AF Boggara, Mohan Babu
   Faraone, Antonio
   Krishnamoorti, Ramanan
TI Effect of pH and Ibuprofen on the Phospholipid Bilayer Bending Modulus
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NONSTEROIDAL
   ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; LIPID-BILAYERS; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES;
   INTERFACIAL-TENSION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; MEMBRANES; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE;
   UNDULATIONS
AB The lipid bilayer bending modulus, characterized by thermal undulations, is often affected by the presence of membrane active molecules. However, complex interplay between headgroup charges, hydration, and bilayer structural parameters such as bilayer thickness make it difficult to understand the changes in bending modulus. Using neutron spin-echo measurements, the effect of ibuprofen, a model nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the bending modulus of phospholipid membranes is studied as a function of pH and temperature. Ibuprofen was found to lower the bending modulus at all pH values. We present molecular insights into the observed effect on membrane dynamics based on molecular dynamics simulations and small-angle neutron scattering based structural perturbations as well as changes in zwitterionic headgroup electrostatics due to pH and addition of ibuprofen.
C1 [Boggara, Mohan Babu; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
   [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 4800 Calhoun Rd,S222 Engn Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
EM ramanan@uh.edu
RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011
OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X
FU Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board; National Science Foundation
   [CMMI-0708096, DMR-0454672]
FX We would like to acknowledge partial financial support of the Texas
   Higher Education Coordinating Board via the Advanced Technology Program
   and the National Science Foundation (CMMI-0708096). This work utilized
   facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
   Agreement No. DMR-0454672. We also acknowledge Texas Learning &
   Computation Center at the University of Houston for the computational
   resources.
NR 49
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD JUN 24
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 24
BP 8061
EP 8066
DI 10.1021/jp100494n
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 611TM
UT WOS:000278846100004
PM 20518571
ER

PT J
AU Humphries, NE
   Queiroz, N
   Dyer, JRM
   Pade, NG
   Musyl, MK
   Schaefer, KM
   Fuller, DW
   Brunnschweiler, JM
   Doyle, TK
   Houghton, JDR
   Hays, GC
   Jones, CS
   Noble, LR
   Wearmouth, VJ
   Southall, EJ
   Sims, DW
AF Humphries, Nicolas E.
   Queiroz, Nuno
   Dyer, Jennifer R. M.
   Pade, Nicolas G.
   Musyl, Michael K.
   Schaefer, Kurt M.
   Fuller, Daniel W.
   Brunnschweiler, Juerg M.
   Doyle, Thomas K.
   Houghton, Jonathan D. R.
   Hays, Graeme C.
   Jones, Catherine S.
   Noble, Leslie R.
   Wearmouth, Victoria J.
   Southall, Emily J.
   Sims, David W.
TI Environmental context explains Levy and Brownian movement patterns of
   marine predators
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID FLIGHT SEARCH PATTERNS; POWER-LAW DISTRIBUTIONS; WANDERING ALBATROSSES;
   STRATEGIES; BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC; SUCCESS; SPEED; OCEAN; PREY
AB An optimal search theory, the so-called Levy-flight foraging hypothesis(1), predicts that predators should adopt search strategies known as Levy flights where prey is sparse and distributed unpredictably, but that Brownian movement is sufficiently efficient for locating abundant prey(2-4). Empirical studies have generated controversy because the accuracy of statistical methods that have been used to identify Levy behaviour has recently been questioned(5,6). Consequently, whether foragers exhibit Levy flights in the wild remains unclear. Crucially, moreover, it has not been tested whether observed movement patterns across natural landscapes having different expected resource distributions conform to the theory's central predictions. Here we use maximum-likelihood methods to test for Levy patterns in relation to environmental gradients in the largest animal movement data set assembled for this purpose. Strong support was found for Levy search patterns across 14 species of open-ocean predatory fish (sharks, tuna, billfish and ocean sunfish), with some individuals switching between Levy and Brownian movement as they traversed different habitat types. We tested the spatial occurrence of these two principal patterns and found Levy behaviour to be associated with less productive waters (sparser prey) and Brownian movements to be associated with productive shelf or convergence-front habitats (abundant prey). These results are consistent with the Levy-flight foraging hypothesis(1,7), supporting the contention(8,9) that organism search strategies naturally evolved in such a way that they exploit optimal Levy patterns.
C1 [Humphries, Nicolas E.; Queiroz, Nuno; Dyer, Jennifer R. M.; Pade, Nicolas G.; Wearmouth, Victoria J.; Southall, Emily J.; Sims, David W.] Marine Biol Assoc UK, The Lab, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England.
   [Humphries, Nicolas E.; Sims, David W.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Inst Marine, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England.
   [Queiroz, Nuno] Univ Porto, CIBIO, P-4485668 Vairao, Portugal.
   [Queiroz, Nuno; Pade, Nicolas G.; Jones, Catherine S.; Noble, Leslie R.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
   [Musyl, Michael K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
   [Schaefer, Kurt M.; Fuller, Daniel W.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Brunnschweiler, Juerg M.] ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Doyle, Thomas K.] Univ Coll Cork, Glucksman Marine Facil, ERI, Coastal & Marine Resources Ctr, Cork, Ireland.
   [Houghton, Jonathan D. R.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Med Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland.
   [Hays, Graeme C.] Swansea Univ, Inst Environm Sustainabil, Dept Pure & Appl Ecol, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
RP Sims, DW (reprint author), Marine Biol Assoc UK, The Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England.
EM dws@mba.ac.uk
RI Brunnschweiler, Juerg/A-2110-2008; Queiroz, Nuno/G-3850-2010; 
OI Brunnschweiler, Juerg/0000-0002-9901-3279; Queiroz,
   Nuno/0000-0002-3860-7356; Humphries, Nicolas/0000-0003-3741-1594
FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Save Our Seas
   Foundation; Leverhulme Trust; UK Department for Environment Food and
   Rural Affairs, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
   [SFRH/BD/21354/2005]; UK Royal Society; Fisheries Society of the British
   Isles; Udaras na Gaeltachta; Taighde Mara Teo; Marine Institute
   (Ireland); Irish Research Council for Science Engineering and
   Technology; Shark Foundation Switzerland; University of Aberdeen; PADI
   Project; Japan Fisheries Agency; US Tuna Foundation; Tagging of Pacific
   Pelagics programme in the Census of Marine Life; National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration (US Department of Commerce) [NA37RJ0199,
   NA67RJ0154]; University of Hawaii [NA37RJ0199, NA67RJ0154]; Royal
   Society; Marine Biological Association of the UK; UK NERC
FX This research was facilitated through the European Tracking of Predators
   in the Atlantic programme in the European Census of Marine Life. Funding
   was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
   Oceans 2025 Strategic Research Programme (Theme 6 Science for
   Sustainable Marine Resources), the Save Our Seas Foundation, the
   Leverhulme Trust, the UK Department for Environment Food and Rural
   Affairs, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia grant
   SFRH/BD/21354/2005, the UK Royal Society, the Fisheries Society of the
   British Isles, the Udaras na Gaeltachta, the Taighde Mara Teo, the
   Marine Institute (Ireland), the Irish Research Council for Science
   Engineering and Technology, the Shark Foundation Switzerland, a
   University of Aberdeen Scholarship and PADI Project Aware. The tuna
   research of K. M. S. and D. W. F. was made possible through financial
   contributions by the Japan Fisheries Agency, the US Tuna Foundation and
   the Tagging of Pacific Pelagics programme in the Census of Marine Life.
   M. K. M. was funded by Cooperative Agreements NA37RJ0199 and NA67RJ0154
   between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US
   Department of Commerce) and the Pelagic Fisheries Research Program
   (University of Hawaii). The authors or their agencies do not necessarily
   approve, recommend or endorse any proprietary hardware or software
   mentioned in this publication. The views expressed herein are those of
   the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of their agencies.
   For field assistance, D. W. S. thanks P. Harris and D. Uren; T. K. D.
   thanks V. Roantree, M. Norman, M. Lilley and P. F. O'Suilleabhain; J. M.
   B. thanks G. Adkison, J.-P. Botha, H. Baensch and A. Cumming. D. W. S.
   and N. E. H. thank A. Clauset and J. Pitchford for help with
   maximum-likelihood estimation and log-likelihoods, and E. P. White for
   manuscript comments. This research complied with all animal welfare laws
   of the countries or sovereign territories in which it was conducted. C.
   S. J. was supported by a Royal Society of Edinburgh Sabbatical
   Fellowship, G. C. H. by a Ray Lankester Investigatorship from the Marine
   Biological Association of the UK (MBA) and D. W. S. by a UK NERC-funded
   MBA Senior Research Fellowship.
NR 29
TC 314
Z9 317
U1 9
U2 146
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUN 24
PY 2010
VL 465
IS 7301
BP 1066
EP 1069
DI 10.1038/nature09116
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 614KI
UT WOS:000279056900050
PM 20531470
ER

PT J
AU Moon, D
   Migler, KB
AF Moon, Doyoung
   Migler, Kalman B.
TI Forced assembly and mixing of melts via planar polymer micro-mixing
SO POLYMER
LA English
DT Article
DE Forced assembly; Mixer; Microfluidic
ID CHAOTIC ADVECTION; COEXTRUDED MULTILAYERS; BLENDS; MICROMIXERS; FLOW;
   MORPHOLOGY; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROCHANNELS; BREAKUP
AB The ability to force immiscible polymers into specific, targeted structures would enable the generation of blends with tailored performance by exploiting the intimate relationship between structure and blend properties. Here we present a strategy for the forced assembly of immiscible polymers into targeted structures via development of a planar polymer micro-mixer (PPMM). The PPMM drives streams of molten polymer through mixing chambers, which are fabricated from metal shims that contain flow channels. By stacking the shims, complex 3D mixing flows can be generated. The advantages of this mixing technology include sample sizes significantly less than traditional micro-mixers (<100 mg), simple reconfiguration of the flow geometry, and optical access to the flow. Most significantly, it offers a path towards targeted blend structures rather than the more typical domain/matrix or random co-continuous ones. We observe the creation of multi-layers and coaxial cylinders in the first five mixing units, beyond that that interfacial tension and non-ideal flow tends to force the creation of mixed domain/matrix structures. The PPMM, along with the recently developed multi-sample micro-slit rheometer, is expected to be a key component of the "polymer processing lab-on-a-chip". Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Moon, Doyoung; Migler, Kalman B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Migler, KB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kalman.migler@nist.gov
NR 35
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 5
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0032-3861
J9 POLYMER
JI Polymer
PD JUN 24
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 14
BP 3147
EP 3155
DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.070
PG 9
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 616AZ
UT WOS:000279181400028
ER

PT J
AU Greene, CM
   Hall, JE
   Guilbault, KR
   Quinn, TP
AF Greene, Correigh M.
   Hall, Jason E.
   Guilbault, Kimberly R.
   Quinn, Thomas P.
TI Improved viability of populations with diverse life-history portfolios
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE biocomplexity; life-history diversity; population dynamics
ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; FISHERIES SUSTAINABILITY; HABITAT RESTORATION;
   PACIFIC-SALMON; BIODIVERSITY; SELECTION; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; GROWTH;
   ALASKA
AB A principle shared by both economists and ecologists is that a diversified portfolio spreads risk, but this idea has little empirical support in the field of population biology. We found that population growth rates (recruits per spawner) and life-history diversity as measured by variation in freshwater and ocean residency were negatively correlated across short time periods (one to two generations), but positively correlated at longer time periods, in nine Bristol Bay sockeye salmon populations. Further, the relationship between variation in growth rate and life-history diversity was consistently negative. These findings strongly suggest that life-history diversity can both increase production and buffer population fluctuations, particularly over long time periods. Our findings provide new insights into the importance of biocomplexity beyond spatio-temporal aspects of populations, and suggest that maintaining diverse life-history portfolios of populations may be crucial for their resilience to unfavourable conditions like habitat loss and climate change.
C1 [Greene, Correigh M.; Hall, Jason E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Guilbault, Kimberly R.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Greene, CM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM correigh.greene@noaa.gov
NR 19
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 3
U2 27
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD JUN 23
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 3
BP 382
EP 386
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0780
PG 5
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
   Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 594SU
UT WOS:000277559000028
PM 20007162
ER

PT J
AU Hager, WW
   Aslan, BC
   Sonnenfeld, RG
   Crum, TD
   Battles, JD
   Holborn, MT
   Ron, R
AF Hager, William W.
   Aslan, Beyza Caliskan
   Sonnenfeld, Richard G.
   Crum, Timothy D.
   Battles, John D.
   Holborn, Michael T.
   Ron, Ruth
TI Three-dimensional charge structure of a mountain thunderstorm
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; REGIONS; STEPS;
   THUNDERCLOUDS; WSR-88D; STORM; FIELD; PRECIPITATION; SOUNDINGS
AB Lightning charge transport is analyzed for a thunderstorm which occurred on 18 August 2004 near Langmuir Laboratory in New Mexico. The analysis employs wide band measurements of the electric field by a balloon -borne electric field sonde or Esonde, simultaneous Lightning Mapping Array measurements of VHF pulses emitted during lightning breakdown, and Next Generation Weather Radar data. The thunderstorm was composed of two principal updrafts. In the stronger updraft the positively charged particles reached altitudes up to 14 km, and in the weaker updraft the positive particles reached 11 km altitude. The negatively charged particles generated in the updraft appeared to reach altitudes up to 10 km in the strong updraft and 8 km in the weaker updraft. Just outside the updrafts the positive and negative particles drop sharply; thereafter, they drop down at a nearly linear rate, between 1 and 2 km in altitude per 10 km in horizontal distance. Initially, as the updraft developed, most charge was transported by updraft flashes; later, after about 15 to 20 min, extensive flashes were predominant. Most cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes transported negative charge from outside the updraft at 6 km altitude down to ground; however, some strokes of a CG reached into a higher negative charge region closer to the updraft. Nearly 6 times as much charge was transported by intracloud (IC) flashes when compared to CG flashes. The ratio of the average charge transport for an IC flash to the average charge transport for a CG flash was 1.6, while the average generator current associated with the combined updrafts was 2.3 amperes for 40 min.
C1 [Hager, William W.] Univ Florida, Dept Math, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Aslan, Beyza Caliskan] Univ N Florida, Dept Math & Stat, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA.
   [Sonnenfeld, Richard G.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
   [Sonnenfeld, Richard G.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
   [Crum, Timothy D.] NOAA, Radar Operat Ctr WSR 88D, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
   [Battles, John D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Holborn, Michael T.; Ron, Ruth] Univ Florida, Sch Architecture, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Hager, WW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Math, POB 118105, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM hager@ufl.edu
FU National Science Foundation [0619080, 0724750, 0724771, 0331164]; New
   Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Irving and Marion Langmuir
   bequest to Langmuir Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration through the New Mexico Space Grant Consortium
FX This work was funded primarily by grants 0619080, 0724750, 0724771, and
   0331164 from the National Science Foundation. Additional funding was
   provided by the Office of the President of New Mexico Institute of
   Mining and Technology, by the Irving and Marion Langmuir bequest to
   Langmuir Laboratory, and by the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration through the New Mexico Space Grant Consortium. The field
   operations at Langmuir Laboratory were conducted on the Cibola National
   Forest under a special use permit from the U.S. Forest Service. Harald
   Edens preprocessed the LMA data. The NEXRAD PPI scans for National
   Weather Service station KABX, Albuquerque, were obtained from the
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and their
   National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The NEXRAD data were particularly
   useful for pinpointing the location of the thunderstorm updrafts and for
   determining the structure of the thunderstorm. The NEXRAD Level II data
   [Crum et al., 1993], when combined with the NCDC Weather and Climate
   Toolkit, were especially helpful for visualizing the updraft in three
   dimensions. The radar imagery in Figure 8 was provided by Steve Ansari
   and Steve DelGreco at NCDC. Input received from William P. Winn during
   the drafting of this paper is gratefully acknowledged. Data from the
   National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) were provided by Vaisala
   Inc.
NR 41
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 23
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D12119
DI 10.1029/2009JD013241
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 617VA
UT WOS:000279308800002
ER

PT J
AU Wang, CW
   Wu, CM
   Li, CY
   Karna, SK
   Hsu, CK
   Li, CHC
   Li, WH
   Yu, CC
   Wu, CP
   Chou, H
   Lynn, JW
AF Wang, Chin-Wei
   Wu, Chun-Ming
   Li, Chi-Yen
   Karna, Sunil K.
   Hsu, Chien-Kang
   Li, Carissa H. C.
   Li, Wen-Hsien
   Yu, Chun-Chen
   Wu, Chun-Pin
   Chou, Hsiung
   Lynn, Jeffrey W.
TI Short range magnetic correlations induced by La substitution in
   Ho1-xLaxMn2O5
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID RMN2O5 R; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FERROELECTRICITY;
   REFINEMENT; PR; EU; ND
AB Magnetic susceptibility, x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and Raman scattering measurements are employed to study the effects of La substitution on the magnetic properties of multiferroic HoMn2O5. 9% and 18% La-substituted compounds crystallize into the same orthorhombic Pbam symmetry as the parent compound. The magnetic responses to an ac driving magnetic field between 40 and 140 K are greatly enhanced by 18% La substitution. The neutron magnetic diffraction patterns reveal the development of short range magnetic correlations below 140 K. In addition, two Raman peaks and a series of new x-ray diffraction peaks suddenly develop below this temperature. Incommensurate long range antiferromagnetic order appears below 38 K. Magnetic frustration could be the main mechanism governing the present observations.
C1 [Wang, Chin-Wei; Wu, Chun-Ming; Li, Chi-Yen; Karna, Sunil K.; Hsu, Chien-Kang; Li, Carissa H. C.; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
   [Wang, Chin-Wei; Wu, Chun-Ming; Li, Chi-Yen; Karna, Sunil K.; Hsu, Chien-Kang; Li, Carissa H. C.; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Neutron Beam Applicat, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
   [Yu, Chun-Chen; Wu, Chun-Pin; Chou, Hsiung] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
   [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Li, WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
EM whli@phy.ncu.edu.tw
FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 98-2112-M-008-016-MY3]
FX Identification of commercial equipment in the text is not intended to
   imply recommendation or endorsement of said equipments by the National
   Institute of Standards and Technology. This work is supported by a grant
   from the National Science Council of Taiwan, under Grant No. NSC
   98-2112-M-008-016-MY3.
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 7
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD JUN 23
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 24
AR 246002
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/24/246002
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 726AI
UT WOS:000287687800012
PM 21393793
ER

PT J
AU Pack, S
   Kashiwagi, T
   Cao, CH
   Korach, CS
   Lewin, M
   Rafailovich, MH
AF Pack, Seongchan
   Kashiwagi, Takashi
   Cao, Changhong
   Korach, Chad S.
   Lewin, Menachem
   Rafailovich, Miriam H.
TI Role of Surface Interactions in the Synergizing Polymer/Clay Flame
   Retardant Properties
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; X-RAY; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE);
   INTERFACIAL-TENSIONS; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; MELT
   INTERCALATION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; BLENDS; MORPHOLOGIES
AB The absorption of resorcinol di(phenyl phosphate) (RDP) oligomers on clay surfaces has been studied in detail and is being proposed as an alternative method for producing functionalized clays for nanocomposite polymers. The ability of these clays to be exfoliated or intercalated in different homopolymers was investigated using both transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering results, compared with contact angle measurements on Lanumuir-Blodgett clay monolayers, where the interfacial energies were used as predictors of the polymer/clay interactions. We found that the contact angle between PS/RDP clay monolayer substrates was similar to 2.5 degrees, whereas the angle for polystyrene (PS)/Cloisite 20A clays substrates was similar to 32 degrees, consistent with the large degree of exfoliation observed in PS for the RDP-coated clays. The interfacial activity of these clays was also measured, and we found that the RDP-coated clays segregated to the interfaces of PC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends, while they segregated into the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) domain of PS/PMMA blends. This morphology was explained in terms of the relative energy advantage in placing the RDP versus the Cloisite clays at the interfaces. Finally, we demonstrated the effects of the relative surface energies of the clays in segregating to the blend air interface when heated to high temperatures. The segregation was shown to affect the composition and mechanical properties of the resulting chars, which in turn could determine their flame retardant response.
C1 [Pack, Seongchan; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Cao, Changhong; Korach, Chad S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Kashiwagi, Takashi] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Lewin, Menachem] Polytech Univ, Polymer Res Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Metrotech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA.
RP Pack, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM spack@ic.sunysb.edu; mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
RI Cao, Changhong/I-8590-2012
OI Cao, Changhong/0000-0002-9707-3518
FU NSF-MRSEC; AERTC through Brookhaven National Laboratory; ICL-Supresta;
   NSF [CMMI-0626025]
FX The authors thank Ms. Susan C. Van Horn from Central Microscopy Imaging
   Center (C-MIC) at Stony Brook University for taking TEM images. This
   work was supported by the NSF-MRSEC program, the AERTC through a grant
   from Brookhaven National Laboratory and a grant from ICL-Supresta. The
   authors also thank NSF award CMMI-0626025 for partial support of this
   work.
NR 47
TC 38
Z9 41
U1 5
U2 42
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JUN 22
PY 2010
VL 43
IS 12
BP 5338
EP 5351
DI 10.1021/ma100669g
PG 14
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 609CE
UT WOS:000278631900023
ER

PT J
AU Doe, C
   Jang, HS
   Kline, SR
   Choi, SM
AF Doe, Changwoo
   Jang, Hyung-Sik
   Kline, Steven R.
   Choi, Sung-Min
TI SANS Investigation of Selectively Distributed Single-Walled Carbon
   Nanotubes in a Polymeric Lamellar Phase
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS;
   COMPOSITES; WATER; FILM; NANOCOMPOSITES; ORGANIZATION; DEPOSITION;
   MIXTURES
AB Fabrication of highly ordered superstructures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is of great interest for a wide ranee of potential applications. Here, we investigate the selective distribution of individually isolated SWNTs (1D nanoparticles with very large aspect ratios) in Plutonic P84/water/p-xylene ternary systems in a lamellar phase by contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering measurements. Hydrophilically functionalized SWNTs (p-SWNTs) with an aspect ratio of ca. 100 are mixed with P84/water/p-xylene systems prepared with two opposite neutron contrasts, a positive contrast for which the neutron scattering length density of the apolar domain is higher than that of the polar domain and a negative contrast for which the relative scattering length density is opposite. The neutron scattering intensity of the first-order Bragg peak, after correcting for the effect of p-SWNT-induced diffuse interface, increases with addition of p-SWNTs in the positive contrast samples and decreases in the negative contrast samples. This shows that p-SWNTs, of which the length is ca. 70 times larger than the thickness of polar domain while its diameter is comparable to the polar domain thickness, are selectively distributed in the polar domains of the P84/water/p-xylene lamellar phase.
C1 [Doe, Changwoo; Jang, Hyung-Sik; Choi, Sung-Min] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
   [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Choi, SM (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
EM sungmin@kaist.ac.kr
RI Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011
OI Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417
FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean government
   [2010-0000859, 2010-0017424, 2010-0000133]; Ministry of Land,
   Transportation and Maritime Affairs of the Korean government; National
   Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX This work was supported by National Research Foundation grants funded by
   the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Korean
   government (No. 2010-0000859, No. 2010-0017424, and No. 2010-0000133)
   and a grant from the Construction Technology Innovation Program funded
   by the Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs of the
   Korean government. This work utilized facilities supported in part by
   the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. The mention
   of commercial products does not imply endorsement by NIST, nor does it
   imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the
   best available for the purpose.
NR 49
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JUN 22
PY 2010
VL 43
IS 12
BP 5411
EP 5416
DI 10.1021/ma1003419
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 609CE
UT WOS:000278631900032
ER

PT J
AU Sorensen, AS
   Altman, E
   Gullans, M
   Porto, JV
   Lukin, MD
   Demler, E
AF Sorensen, Anders S.
   Altman, Ehud
   Gullans, Michael
   Porto, J. V.
   Lukin, Mikhail D.
   Demler, Eugene
TI Adiabatic preparation of many-body states in optical lattices
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID PHYSICS; GASES
AB We analyze a technique for the preparation of low-entropy many-body states of atoms in optical lattices based on adiabatic passage. In particular, we show that this method allows preparation of strongly correlated states as stable highest energy states of Hamiltonians that have trivial ground states. As an example, we analyze the generation of antiferromagnetically ordered states by adiabatic change of a staggered field acting on the spins of bosonic atoms with ferromagnetic interactions.
C1 [Sorensen, Anders S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
   [Altman, Ehud] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
   [Gullans, Michael; Lukin, Mikhail D.; Demler, Eugene] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Porto, J. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Porto, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sorensen, AS (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
RI Altman, Ehud/C-1514-2010; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013; 
OI Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163; Gullans,
   Michael/0000-0003-3974-2987
FU Danish National Research Foundation; US-Israel BSF; IARPA; DARPA OLE;
   NSF; Harvard-MIT CUA; MURI
FX We thank I. Bloch and J.I. Cirac for stimulating discussions. Funding by
   the Danish National Research Foundation (AS), US-Israel BSF (EA, ED, and
   MDL), ISF (EA), IARPA and DARPA OLE (JVP), and NSF, Harvard-MIT CUA,
   DARPA OLE, and MURI (EA and MDL) is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 19
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U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 22
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 6
AR 061603
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.061603
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 614OW
UT WOS:000279070600001
ER

PT J
AU DeMott, PJ
   Prenni, AJ
   Liu, X
   Kreidenweis, SM
   Petters, MD
   Twohy, CH
   Richardson, MS
   Eidhammer, T
   Rogers, DC
AF DeMott, P. J.
   Prenni, A. J.
   Liu, X.
   Kreidenweis, S. M.
   Petters, M. D.
   Twohy, C. H.
   Richardson, M. S.
   Eidhammer, T.
   Rogers, D. C.
TI Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts
   on climate
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE aerosol indirect effects; climate forcing; ice nucleation
ID MICROWAVE IMAGER SSM/I; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS;
   NUCLEATING AEROSOLS; LIQUID WATER; MODEL; DUST; PARTICLES;
   PARAMETERIZATION; MICROPHYSICS
AB Knowledge of cloud and precipitation formation processes remains incomplete, yet global precipitation is predominantly produced by clouds containing the ice phase. Ice first forms in clouds warmer than -36 degrees C on particles termed ice nuclei. We combine observations from field studies over a 14-year period, from a variety of locations around the globe, to show that the concentrations of ice nuclei active in mixed-phase cloud conditions can be related to temperature and the number concentrations of particles larger than 0.5 mu m in diameter. This new relationship reduces unexplained variability in ice nuclei concentrations at a given temperature from similar to 10(3) to less than a factor of 10, with the remaining variability apparently due to variations in aerosol chemical composition or other factors. When implemented in a global climate model, the new parameterization strongly alters cloud liquid and ice water distributions compared to the simple, temperature-only parameterizations currently widely used. The revised treatment indicates a global net cloud radiative forcing increase of similar to 1 W m(-2) for each order of magnitude increase in ice nuclei concentrations, demonstrating the strong sensitivity of climate simulations to assumptions regarding the initiation of cloud glaciation.
C1 [DeMott, P. J.; Prenni, A. J.; Kreidenweis, S. M.; Petters, M. D.; Richardson, M. S.; Eidhammer, T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
   [Petters, M. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Twohy, C. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Richardson, M. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Richardson, M. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Eidhammer, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Rogers, D. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP DeMott, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM pdemott@lamar.colostate.edu
RI Prenni, Anthony/A-6820-2011; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Petters,
   Markus/D-2144-2009; Richardson, Mathews/H-4882-2013; Liu,
   Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Richardson, Matt/B-4271-2015; Kreidenweis,
   Sonia/E-5993-2011
OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Petters, Markus/0000-0002-4082-1693;
   Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Richardson, Matt/0000-0001-6841-9770;
   Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914
FU Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Battelle
   Memorial Institute [DE-FG02-09ER64772, DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; National
   Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GB60G]; National
   Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0611936]; Canadian Space Agency [C3VP]
FX We acknowledge David Hudak for providing aerosol data from the Canadian
   Cloud-Sat CALIPSO Validation Program (C3VP). We acknowledge Ulrich
   Poschl for aerosol data from the Amazonian Aerosol Characterization
   Experiment from January-March 2008 (AMAZE-08). We thank Jeffrey Stith,
   V. Ramanathan, Andrew Heymsfield, John Hallett, Daniel Cziczo, Randolph
   Borys, and Michael Poellot for their roles in facilitating the
   ground-and aircraft-based studies cited in this work, as well as the
   aircraft crews of the National Science Foundation/National Center for
   Atmospheric Research G-V and C-130, University of North Dakota Citation,
   and the National Research Council of Canada Convair 580. P.J.D., A.J.P.
   and S.M.K. acknowledge financial support for this work from the Office
   of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Atmospheric System
   Research Grant DE-FG02-09ER64772, the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration (NASA) Modeling and Analysis Program (Grant NNG06GB60G),
   and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant ATM-0611936. X. L.
   acknowledges the support for modeling simulations from DOE-BER and the
   DOE Climate Change Prediction Program (CCPP). The Pacific Northwest
   National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial
   Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Data used were collected
   under grants from the NSF, the Cooperative Institute for Research in the
   Atmosphere at Colorado State University, DOE, and NASA. The Canadian
   Space Agency provided funding of the C3VP.
NR 41
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U1 11
U2 131
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD JUN 22
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 25
BP 11217
EP 11222
DI 10.1073/pnas.0910818107
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 614KS
UT WOS:000279058000014
PM 20534566
ER

PT J
AU Kuepferling, M
   Serpico, C
   Pufall, M
   Rippard, W
   Wallis, TM
   Imtiaz, A
   Krivosik, P
   Pasquale, M
   Kabos, P
AF Kuepferling, Michaela
   Serpico, Claudio
   Pufall, Matthew
   Rippard, William
   Wallis, T. Mitchell
   Imtiaz, Atif
   Krivosik, Pavol
   Pasquale, Massimo
   Kabos, Pavel
TI Two modes behavior of vortex oscillations in spin-transfer nanocontacts
   subject to in-plane magnetic fields
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE ferromagnetic materials; giant magnetoresistance; nanocontacts;
   nanomagnetics; spin systems; spin valves
AB Vortex oscillations induced by dc currents (I(dc)) through a metallic nanocontact subject to in-plane magnetic fields (H(ext)) are studied by measuring voltage power spectra. Two oscillations modes exist: at large I(dc) the oscillation frequency (f(osc)) is substantially insensitive to H(ext), whereas at low I(dc), f(osc) decreases with H(ext) increasing. At intermediate I(dc) the two modes coexist. This behavior is ascribed to the magnetic states of the device ferromagnetic layers: in the first mode vortices are formed in both layers while in the second mode one layer is in a vortex state while the other is in a quasiuniform state. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3455883]
C1 [Kuepferling, Michaela; Pasquale, Massimo] Natl Inst Metrol Res INRiM, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
   [Serpico, Claudio] Univ Naples Federico 2, I-80125 Naples, Italy.
   [Pufall, Matthew; Rippard, William; Wallis, T. Mitchell; Imtiaz, Atif; Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Krivosik, Pavol] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys & Energy Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA.
RP Kuepferling, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol Res INRiM, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
EM m.kuepferling@inrim.it
RI Pasquale, Massimo/I-8390-2012; Serpico, Claudio/B-4666-2013
OI Pasquale, Massimo/0000-0002-8336-1391; 
NR 16
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 21
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 25
AR 252507
DI 10.1063/1.3455883
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 615WF
UT WOS:000279168100038
ER

PT J
AU Feng, MM
   Silverman, KL
   Mirin, RP
   Cundiff, ST
AF Feng, Mingming
   Silverman, Kevin L.
   Mirin, Richard P.
   Cundiff, Steven T.
TI Dark pulse quantum dot diode laser
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID MODE-LOCKING; SOLITON GENERATION; FIBER; DISPERSION; PHYSICS; TRAIN
AB We describe an operating regime for passively mode-locked quantum dot diode laser where the output consists of a train of dark pulses, i.e., intensity dips on a continuous background. We show that a dark pulse train is a solution to the master equation for mode-locked lasers. Using simulations, we study stability of the dark pulses and show they are consistent with the experimental results. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Feng, Mingming; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Feng, Mingming; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Silverman, Kevin L.; Mirin, Richard P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Feng, Mingming; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Feng, MM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; feng, mingming/F-3463-2011; 
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655
NR 27
TC 16
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD JUN 21
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 13
BP 13385
EP 13395
DI 10.1364/OE.18.013385
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 613VG
UT WOS:000279009900009
PM 20588468
ER

PT J
AU Gong, YY
   Makarova, M
   Yerci, S
   Li, R
   Stevens, MJ
   Baek, B
   Nam, SW
   Dal Negro, L
   Vuckovic, J
AF Gong, Yiyang
   Makarova, Maria
   Yerci, Selcuk
   Li, Rui
   Stevens, Martin J.
   Baek, Burm
   Nam, Sae Woo
   Dal Negro, Luca
   Vuckovic, Jelena
TI Observation of Transparency of Erbium-doped Silicon nitride in photonic
   crystal nanobeam cavities
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE-GUIDE; DESIGN; GAIN
AB One dimensional nanobeam photonic crystal cavities are fabricated in an Er-doped amorphous silicon nitride layer. Photoluminescence from the cavities around 1.54 mu m is studied at cryogenic and room temperatures at different optical pump powers. The resonators demonstrate Purcell enhanced absorption and emission rates, also confirmed by time resolved measurements. Resonances exhibit linewidth narrowing with pump power, signifying absorption bleaching and the onset of stimulated emission in the material at both 5.5 K and room temperature. We estimate from the cavity linewidths that Er has been pumped to transparency at the cavity resonance wavelength. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Gong, Yiyang; Makarova, Maria; Vuckovic, Jelena] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Yerci, Selcuk; Li, Rui; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Stevens, Martin J.; Baek, Burm; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Gong, YY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RI Yerci, Selcuk/C-7993-2014
OI Yerci, Selcuk/0000-0003-0599-588X
FU Interconnect Focus Center; Focus Center Research Program (FCRP);
   Semiconductor Research Corporation; AFOSR; U.S. Air Force
   [FA9550-06-1-0470]; National Science Foundation [ECS-9731293]; Intel
FX This work was supported in part by the grants from the Interconnect
   Focus Center, one of six research centers funded under the Focus Center
   Research Program (FCRP), a Semiconductor Research Corporation entity,
   the AFOSR and the U.S. Air Force MURI program under Award No.
   FA9550-06-1-0470, on "Electrically-Pumped Silicon-Based Lasers for
   Chip-Scale Nanophotonic Systems" supervised by Dr. Gernot Pomrenke. We
   also thank Sander Dorenbos, Robert Hadfield, and Val Zwiller for
   providing the superconducting nano-wire single photon detector. PC
   Devices were fabricated in part at the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility
   of NNIN supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant
   ECS-9731293. We also acknowledge support from the Intel (MM) and the NSF
   (YG) fellowships.
NR 23
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U1 0
U2 15
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD JUN 21
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 13
BP 13863
EP 13873
DI 10.1364/OE.18.013863
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 613VG
UT WOS:000279009900060
PM 20588519
ER

PT J
AU Buck, CS
   Landing, WM
   Resing, JA
AF Buck, Clifton S.
   Landing, William M.
   Resing, Joseph A.
TI Particle size and aerosol iron solubility: A high-resolution analysis of
   Atlantic aerosols
SO MARINE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic Ocean; Mineral dust; Aerosol iron solubility; Size-fractionated
   aerosols; Mineral dust
ID TRACE-METALS; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC
   IRON; ARABIAN SEA; OCEAN; LABILE-FE(II); DISSOLUTION; DEPOSITION;
   MONSOON
AB Aerosol samples were collected in the North Atlantic Ocean during June-August, 2003. Aerosols were divided into nine size fractions ranging from >18 mu m to <0.056 mu m. Total element concentrations were measured by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence to determine the size distribution of biogeochemically important elements. The solubility of Fe and other elements was measured in ultrapure deionized water to investigate the relationship between particle size and aerosol solubility. We found that the majority of soluble aerosol Fe was on particles of >= 1 mu m aerodynamic diameter. Aerosol Fe solubility was somewhat variable but in general, aerosol Fe solubility did not increase with decreasing particle size. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Buck, Clifton S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Buck, Clifton S.; Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, PMEL NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Buck, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM cbuck@ucsc.edu; wlanding@fsu.edu; joseph.resing@noaa.gov
RI Buck, Clifton/F-5820-2010
OI Buck, Clifton/0000-0002-5691-9636
FU United States National Science Foundation [OCE-0223378, OCE-0550317,
   OCE-223504, OCE-0649505]; JISAO [1587]; NOAA-PMEL [3218]
FX We thank John Bullister and Nicky Gruber, chief scientists during this
   cruise. We also thank Peter McMurry for the use of the MODI deployed for
   this work. Nathan Buck and Michael Bizimis contributed greatly to the
   analytical work presented here. We also thank the Captain and crew of
   the RV Brown for their assistance. We are very grateful to Henry
   Fuelberg for his assistance in the use of air mass back-trajectories.
   The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory
   (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model
   and/or READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) used in this
   publication. We thank the United States National Science Foundation for
   their financial support of this research through grants OCE-0223378
   (WML), OCE-0550317 (WML), OCE-223504 (JAR), and OCE-0649505(JAR). JAR
   was also partially funded by JISAO and NOAA-PMEL and this is JISAO
   Contribution #1587 and PMEL #3218. We would also like to kindly thank
   one anonymous reviewer and Charles Zender for their insightful comments.
NR 40
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U1 2
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-4203
EI 1872-7581
J9 MAR CHEM
JI Mar. Chem.
PD JUN 20
PY 2010
VL 120
IS 1-4
SI SI
BP 14
EP 24
DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.11.002
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Chemistry; Oceanography
GA 614NP
UT WOS:000279066700003
ER

PT J
AU Buck, CS
   Landing, WM
   Resing, JA
   Measures, CI
AF Buck, Clifton S.
   Landing, William M.
   Resing, Joseph A.
   Measures, Christopher I.
TI The solubility and deposition of aerosol Fe and other trace elements in
   the North Atlantic Ocean: Observations from the A16N CLIVAR/CO2 repeat
   hydrography section
SO MARINE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE North Atlantic Ocean; Aerosols; Saharan dust plume; Aerosol iron
   solubility; Mineral dust
ID MINERAL DUST; SARGASSO SEA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; WET DEPOSITION;
   TROPICAL NORTH; SURFACE WATERS; IRON; METALS; MODEL; PHOTOREDUCTION
AB Aerosol and precipitation sampling as part of the 2003 Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR)-CO2 Repeat Hydrography trace element sampling program has produced an aerosol chemistry dataset for a region of the central Atlantic Ocean between 65 degrees N and 5 degrees S. This dataset includes analyses of aerosol particle chemistry as well as Fe and Al solubility (measured using a rapid, flow-through leaching technique). Several factors thought to influence aerosol Fe solubility including chemical weathering and aerosol source are evaluated as well. Air mass back-trajectories were used to characterize the atmospheric regime of each aerosol sample. Aerosol concentrations varied greatly with the highest concentrations observed between 23 degrees N and 8.7 degrees N. Aerosol Fe solubility was 9% +/- 5% in seawater and 15% +/- 8% in ultrapure deionized water. The concentration of soluble aerosol Fe in seawater was estimated with reasonable accuracy from the concentration of soluble aerosol Fe in deionized water by the relationship logFe(SW) = (0.85 +/- 0.039) logFe(DI) + log (1 +/- 1.2), (r(2) = 0.93). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Buck, Clifton S.; Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, PMEL NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Measures, Christopher I.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Buck, CS (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, 117 N Woodward Ave,POB 3064320, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM cbuck@ocean.fsu.edu; wlanding@fsu.edu; joseph.resing@noaa.gov;
   measures@hawaii.edu
RI Buck, Clifton/F-5820-2010
OI Buck, Clifton/0000-0002-5691-9636
FU United States National Science Foundation [OCE-0223378, OCE-0550317,
   OCE-223504, OCE-0649505]; JISAO [1588]; NOAA-PMEL [3219]
FX We would like to thank the Captain and crew of the RV Brown as well as
   the chief scientists, John Bullister and Nicky Gruber. Special thanks go
   to Michael Bizimis and Angela Milne for their assistance with the
   HR-ICP-MS analyses. We are very grateful to Henry Fuelberg for his
   assistance in the use of air mass back-trajectories. The authors
   gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the
   provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY
   website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) used in this publication.
   We thank the United States National Science Foundation for their
   financial support of this research through grants OCE-0223378 (WML),
   OCE-0550317 (WML), OCE-223504 (JAR), and OCE-0649505 (JAR). JAR was also
   partially funded by JISAO and NOAA-PMEL and this is JISAO Contribution
   #1588 and PMEL #3219. We would also like to kindly thank the reviewers
   for their insightful comments.
NR 70
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U1 2
U2 39
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-4203
EI 1872-7581
J9 MAR CHEM
JI Mar. Chem.
PD JUN 20
PY 2010
VL 120
IS 1-4
SI SI
BP 57
EP 70
DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.08.003
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Chemistry; Oceanography
GA 614NP
UT WOS:000279066700007
ER

PT J
AU Chen, Y
   Han, Y
   Van Delst, P
   Weng, FZ
AF Chen, Yong
   Han, Yong
   Van Delst, Paul
   Weng, Fuzhong
TI On water vapor Jacobian in fast radiative transfer model
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMITTANCE; RADIANCE OBSERVATIONS; ABSORBING GAS;
   ASSIMILATION
AB The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) is a powerful numerical software used for satellite data assimilation and remote sensing applications. Its accuracies in simulating satellite radiances and their gradients relative to water vapor (or Jacobians) are improved through this study when the CRTM includes additional gaseous absorbers. Three water vapor transmittance regression methods (labeled with A-C, respectively) are discussed that differ primarily in vertical coordinates and the application of constraints to smooth vertical structures of the regression coefficients. Method A computes optical depth profiles at fixed pressure levels, whereas method B computes the profiles at fixed levels of the integrated absorber amount. Method C is a derived version of method B with an addition that a polynomial function is applied to the regression coefficients to improve the water vapor Jacobians. The intercomparison focuses on the modeling of 22 sounding channels routinely used at numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers: 9 Atmospheric Infrared Radiance Sounder channels, 4 High-Resolution Infrared Sounder channels, 4 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A channels, and 5 Microwave Humidity Sounder channels. An ensemble of 48 diverse atmosphere profiles at the University of Maryland at Baltimore County was used to test the results. The results were compiled for methods A and C for water vapor line absorption only while keeping the other components the same under the CRTM framework. The comparison quantities include the water vapor Jacobians, temperature Jacobians, and the forward top-of-the-atmosphere brightness temperature (BT). In the infrared, the forward models mean errors are very small (less than 0.03 K) compared to the line-by-line model. Temperature and water vapor Jacobian goodness-of-fit measure values are very small and sufficient for NWP application, except for some dry atmospheric profiles. For the cold and dry atmospheric profiles, method C can significantly improve the water vapor Jacobian profile and remove the unphysical kinks (oscillations) that appear in method A. The improved water vapor Jacobian profile results in the improved temperature Jacobian. For the microwave channels, the forward BTs show very small biases less than 0.1 K for all the channels, and the overall water vapor Jacobian using method A is better than those using method C, especially for warm and wet atmospheric profiles.
C1 [Chen, Yong; Han, Yong] NOAA, NESDIS, JCSDA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Chen, Yong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Van Delst, Paul] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Chen, Y (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, JCSDA, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 703, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM yong.chen@noaa.gov
RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010
OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Chen,
   Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405
FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
FX This research was supported by funding from the Joint Center for
   Satellite Data Assimilation program. The contents of this paper are
   solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of
   policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government.
NR 20
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 19
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D12303
DI 10.1029/2009JD013379
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 613OB
UT WOS:000278987500003
ER

PT J
AU Papa, F
   Prigent, C
   Aires, F
   Jimenez, C
   Rossow, WB
   Matthews, E
AF Papa, F.
   Prigent, C.
   Aires, F.
   Jimenez, C.
   Rossow, W. B.
   Matthews, E.
TI Interannual variability of surface water extent at the global scale,
   1993-2004
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SATELLITE RADAR ALTIMETRY; WETLAND DYNAMICS; INUNDATION AREA; AMAZON
   BASIN; RIVER; VEGETATION; DISCHARGE; CLIMATE; EMISSIVITIES; RESOURCES
AB Land surface waters play a primary role in the global water cycle and climate. As a consequence, there is a widespread demand for accurate and long-term quantitative observations of their distribution over the whole globe. This study presents the first global data set that quantifies the monthly distribution of surface water extent at similar to 25 km sampling intervals over 12 years (1993-2004). These estimates, generated from complementary multiple-satellite observations, including passive (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) and active (ERS scatterometer) microwaves along with visible and near-infrared imagery (advanced very high-resolution radiometer; AVHRR), were first developed over 1993-2000. The ERS encountered technical problems in 2001 and the processing scheme had to be adapted to extend the time series. Here we investigate and discuss the adjustments of the methodology, compare the various options, and show that the data set can be extended with good confidence beyond 2000, using ERS and AVHRR mean monthly climatologies. In addition to a large seasonal and interannual variability, the new results show a slight overall decrease in global inundated area between 1993 and 2004, representing an similar to 5.7% reduction of the mean annual maximum in 12 years. The decrease is mainly observed in the tropics during the 1990s. Over inland water bodies and large river basins, we assess the variability of the surface water extent against related variables such as in situ river discharges, altimeter-derived and in situ river/floodplain water level heights, and precipitation estimates. This new 12 year data set of global surface water extent represents an unprecedented source of information for future hydrological or methane modeling.
C1 [Papa, F.; Rossow, W. B.] CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
   [Prigent, C.; Jimenez, C.] Observ Paris, CNRS, Lab Etud Ryonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France.
   [Aires, F.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France.
   [Matthews, E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Papa, F (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, 160 Convent Av, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM papa@ee.ccny.cuny.edu
RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015
OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; 
FU NASA NEWS [NNDX7AO90E]; European Union [036946]; French Agence Nationale
   pour la Recherche
FX We thank Bertrand Decharme at Meteo-France for providing us the in situ
   discharge of the Congo River and Eric Leuliette (LSA-NOAA) for helping
   us with the Amazon River discharge measurements from the Brazilian Water
   National Agency (Agencia Nacional de Aguas). We thank Andreas Guntner at
   GFZ-Postdam, who suggested the use of the GPCC precipitation products.
   We also thank Bernhard Lehner, McGill University, for providing us with
   the GLWD data set. This research was supported by NASA NEWS grant
   NNDX7AO90E, managed by Dr. Jared K. Entin, by a European Union (FP6)
   Integrated Project called WATCH (contract no. 036946; project
   coordinated by Dr. Richard Harding), and by the program IMPACT-BOREAL of
   the French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche.
NR 75
TC 90
Z9 92
U1 4
U2 39
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 19
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D12111
DI 10.1029/2009JD012674
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 613OB
UT WOS:000278987500001
ER

PT J
AU Jaruga, P
   Dizdaroglu, M
AF Jaruga, Pawel
   Dizdaroglu, Miral
TI Identification and quantification of (5 ' R)- and (5 ' S)-8,5 '-cyclo-2
   '-deoxyadenosines in human urine as putative biomarkers of oxidatively
   induced damage to DNA
SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE 8,5 '-Cyclo-2 '-deoxyadenosines; Disease biomarkers; Hydroxyl radical;
   Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry; Oxidatively induced DNA
   damage
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXCISION-REPAIR PATHWAY; HUMAN-CELLS; IN-VIVO;
   LESIONS; 8-OXO-7,8-DIHYDRO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE; 8-OXO-7,8-DIHYDROGUANINE;
   8-OXOGUANINE; MECHANISMS; EXCRETION
AB Biomarkers of oxidatively induced DNA damage are of great interest and can potentially be used for the early detection of disease, monitoring the progression of disease and determining the efficacy of therapy. The present work deals with the measurement in human urine of (5'R)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (R-cdA) and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (S-cdA). These modified nucleosides had hitherto not been considered or investigated to be present in urine as possible biomarkers of oxidatively induced DNA damage. Urine samples were collected from volunteers, purified and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with isotope-dilution. R-cdA and S-cdA were detected in urine and quantified. Creatinine levels were also measured. In addition, we measured 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine that is commonly used as a biomarker. This study shows, for the first time, that R-cdA and S-cdA exist in human urine and can be identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS. We propose that R-cdA and S-cdA may be well-suited biomarkers for disease processes such as carcinogenesis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Jaruga, Pawel] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
RP Jaruga, P (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM pawel.jaruga@nist.gov
RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015
NR 29
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0006-291X
J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO
JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
PD JUN 18
PY 2010
VL 397
IS 1
BP 48
EP 52
DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.050
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 617PI
UT WOS:000279292800009
PM 20471371
ER

PT J
AU Lubchenco, J
   Sutley, N
AF Lubchenco, Jane
   Sutley, Nancy
TI Proposed US Policy for Ocean, Coast, and Great Lakes Stewardship
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID MANAGEMENT
C1 [Lubchenco, Jane] Under Secretary Commerce Oceans & Atmosphere, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
   [Lubchenco, Jane] NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
   [Sutley, Nancy] Council Environm Qual & Interagency Ocean Policy, Washington, DC 20050 USA.
RP Lubchenco, J (reprint author), Under Secretary Commerce Oceans & Atmosphere, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
EM jane.lubchenco@noaa.gov
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611
NR 15
TC 50
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 18
PY 2010
VL 328
IS 5985
BP 1485
EP 1486
DI 10.1126/science.1190041
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 611XW
UT WOS:000278859200019
PM 20558691
ER

PT J
AU Kumar, A
   Jha, B
   L'Heureux, M
AF Kumar, Arun
   Jha, Bhaskar
   L'Heureux, Michelle
TI Are tropical SST trends changing the global teleconnection during La
   Nina?
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-NINO; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE; OCEANS
AB From 1950 to 2008, the linear trend of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) indicates the largest warming across the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, while the eastern Pacific trend is slightly negative. The interannual SST variations due to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are superimposed onto these longer-term SST trends, which can potentially influence the structure and amplitude of the resulting atmospheric teleconnections. In this study, the cold phase of ENSO, or La Nina, is examined using composite differences based on the observations and the model-simulated response to SSTs. The analyses show that during the recent period (1980-2008), the global teleconnection pattern associated with La Nina has been associated with higher heights from the tropics to the mid-latitudes. The model simulations attribute these apparent changes in the teleconnections, across the tropics and the Northern Hemisphere, to warmer SSTs in the Indian Ocean and warm pool region. The implications of these results are discussed within the context of seasonal predictions in an evolving climate. Citation: Kumar, A., B. Jha, and M. L'Heureux (2010), Are tropical SST trends changing the global teleconnection during La Nina?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L12702, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043394.
C1 [Kumar, Arun; L'Heureux, Michelle] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Jha, Bhaskar] WYLE Informat Syst, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20476 USA.
RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov
RI L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013; Opfergelt, Sophie/L-2107-2015
OI L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706; Opfergelt,
   Sophie/0000-0002-1773-4823
NR 19
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 17
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L12702
DI 10.1029/2010GL043394
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 613NG
UT WOS:000278985400002
ER

PT J
AU Bao, HM
   Yu, SC
   Tong, DQ
AF Bao, Huiming
   Yu, Shaocai
   Tong, Daniel Q.
TI Massive volcanic SO2 oxidation and sulphate aerosol deposition in
   Cenozoic North America
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLCANOGENIC SULFATE; OXYGEN; SULFUR; ORIGIN; ATMOSPHERE; OLIGOCENE;
   ERUPTIONS; OZONE; EARTH; USA
AB Volcanic eruptions release a large amount of sulphur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere(1,2). SO2 is oxidized to sulphate and can subsequently form sulphate aerosol(3), which can affect the Earth's radiation balance, biologic productivity and high-altitude ozone concentrations, as is evident from recent volcanic eruptions(4). SO2 oxidation can occur via several different pathways that depend on its flux and the atmospheric conditions(3). An investigation into how SO2 is oxidized to sulphate-the oxidation product preserved in the rock record-can therefore shed light on past volcanic eruptions and atmospheric conditions. Here we use sulphur and triple oxygen isotope measurements of atmospheric sulphate extracted from tuffaceous deposits to investigate the specific oxidation pathways from which the sulphate was formed. We find that seven eruption-related sulphate aerosol deposition events have occurred during the mid-Cenozoic era (34 to 7 million years ago) in the northern High Plains, North America. Two extensively sampled ash beds display a similar sulphate mixing pattern that has two distinct atmospheric secondary sulphates. A three-dimensional atmospheric sulphur chemistry and transport model study reveals that the observed, isotopically discrete sulphates in sediments can be produced only in initially alkaline cloudwater that favours an ozone-dominated SO2 oxidation pathway in the troposphere. Our finding suggests that, in contrast to the weakly acidic conditions today(5), cloudwater in the northern High Plains may frequently have been alkaline during the mid-Cenozoic era. We propose that atmospheric secondary sulphate preserved in continental deposits represents an unexploited geological archive for atmospheric SO2 oxidation chemistry linked to volcanism and atmospheric conditions in the past.
C1 [Bao, Huiming] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Yu, Shaocai] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div E243 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   [Tong, Daniel Q.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Bao, HM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM bao@lsu.edu; yu.shaocai@epa.gov
RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Bao, Huiming/C-1069-2012; yu,
   shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014
OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; 
FU NSF [EAR-0408986]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through
   its Office of Research and Development
FX H. B. thanks D. Loope, H. LaGarry and J. Swinehart for guidance in the
   field, M. Khachaturyan, K. Jenkins, K. Howell, I. Kohl and A. J. Kaufman
   for technical assistance, B. Li for statistical treatment, and the
   National Park Service for sampling permission at Scotts Bluff National
   Monument (permit numbers SCBL-2000-SCI-000, BADL-2004-SCI-0012 and
   SCBL-2004-SCI-0005). Financial support was provided by the NSF
   (EAR-0408986 to H. B.). S.Y. thanks S. T. Rao, D. Mobley, K. Schere, R.
   Mathur, J. Pleim, J. Godowitch and S. Roselle for comments. The United
   States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research
   and Development funded and managed the part of the research that is
   related to sulphur chemistry modelling. It has been subjected to the
   Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. D. Q. T. is
   grateful to S. Fine, D. Byun and R. Artz for discussion and acknowledges
   constructive internal Air Resources Laboratory comments.
NR 30
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 42
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUN 17
PY 2010
VL 465
IS 7300
BP 909
EP 912
DI 10.1038/nature09100
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 611HN
UT WOS:000278804500034
PM 20559384
ER

PT J
AU Tavazza, F
   Levine, LE
   Chaka, AM
AF Tavazza, F.
   Levine, L. E.
   Chaka, A. M.
TI Structural changes during the formation of gold single-atom chains:
   Stability criteria and electronic structure
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AU NANOWIRES; CONDUCTANCE QUANTIZATION; GEOMETRY
   OPTIMIZATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; METALLIC
   NANOWIRES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STRAIN-RATE
AB Under tensile deformation, Au nanowires (NWs) elongate to form single atom chains via a series of intermediate structural transformations. These intermediate structures are investigated using static density-functional theory, with particular attention paid to their behavior under load. The accessibility of these structures and their stability under load are found to be key factors governing the morphological evolution of the NW, while the ground-state energy of the unstrained structures does not correlate well with the observed behavior. Reverse loading conditions are also studied, where a NW is first deformed in tension and then deformed in compression. Again, accessibility and stability under load are the key criteria for predicting the evolution of the NW. Finally, electronic structure studies show abrupt opening and closing of small band gaps during tensile deformation, possibly explaining conductance oscillations observed experimentally. An analysis of the orbital interactions responsible for this unusual band-gap behavior is presented.
C1 [Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.; Chaka, A. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 79
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 17
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 23
AR 235424
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.235424
PG 12
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 612EA
UT WOS:000278878400001
ER

PT J
AU Murray, LJ
   Dinca, M
   Yano, J
   Chavan, S
   Bordiga, S
   Brown, CM
   Long, JR
AF Murray, Leslie J.
   Dinca, Mircea
   Yano, Junko
   Chavan, Sachin
   Bordiga, Silvia
   Brown, Craig M.
   Long, Jeffrey R.
TI Highly-Selective and Reversible O-2 Binding in
   Cr-3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)(2)
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; CR-CR BOND; GAS-ADSORPTION; COMPLEX; STORAGE;
   FUNCTIONALITY; REACTIVITY; OXYGEN
AB Reaction of Cr(CO)(6) with trimesic acid in DMF affords the metal-organic framework Cr-3(BTC)(2)center dot nDMF (BTC3- = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), which is isostructural to Cu-3(BTC)(2)center dot 3H(2)O. Exchanging DMF for methanol and heating at 160 degrees C under dynamic vacuum for 48 h results in the desolvated framework Cr-3(BTC)(2). Nitrogen gas adsorption measurements performed at 77 K revealed a type I isotherm, indicating BET and Langmuir surface areas of 1810 and 2040 m(2)/g, respectively. At 298 K, the O-2 adsorption isotherm for Cr-3(BTC)(2) rises steeply to a capacity of 11 wt % at 2 mbar, while the corresponding N-2 adsorption isotherm displays very little uptake, gradually rising to a capacity of 0.58 wt % at 1 bar. Accordingly, the material displays an unprecedented O-2/N-2 selectivity factor of 22. Deoxygenation of the sample could be accomplished by heating at 50 degrees C under vacuum for 48 h, leading to a gradually diminishing uptake capacity over the course of 15 consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. Infrared and X-ray absorption spectra suggest formation of an O-2 adduct with partial charge transfer from the Cr-II centers exposed on the surface of the framework. Neutron powder diffraction data confirm this mechanism of O-2 binding and indicate a lengthening of the Cr-Cr distance within the paddle-wheel units of the framework from 2.06(2) to 2.8(1) angstrom.
C1 [Murray, Leslie J.; Dinca, Mircea; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Yano, Junko] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Chavan, Sachin; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, IFM & NIS Ctr Excellence, Dept Chem, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
   [Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jrlong@berkeley.edu
RI Dinca, Mircea/C-1345-2008; EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Bordiga,
   Silvia/M-3875-2014; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015; Brown,
   Craig/B-5430-2009; Chavan, Sachin/B-8025-2014; 
OI Bordiga, Silvia/0000-0003-2371-4156; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355;
   Dinca, Mircea/0000-0002-1262-1264; Murray, Leslie/0000-0002-1568-958X
FU Department of Energy [FG36-05GO15002, DE-SC0001015]
FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy under Awards
   FG36-05GO15002 (early stages) and DE-SC0001015 (later stages). We thank
   J.-H. Her and Dr. W. We are for experimental assistance.
NR 28
TC 144
Z9 146
U1 5
U2 89
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD JUN 16
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 23
BP 7856
EP +
DI 10.1021/ja1027925
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 610FS
UT WOS:000278717700017
PM 20481535
ER

PT J
AU Long, DA
   Havey, DK
   Okumura, M
   Miller, CE
   Hodges, JT
AF Long, D. A.
   Havey, D. K.
   Okumura, M.
   Miller, C. E.
   Hodges, J. T.
TI Cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of sub-Doppler hyperfine
   structure
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID O-2 A-BAND; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; TRANSITIONS; SPECTRUM
AB Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) was used to measure magnetic dipole transitions in the b(1)Sigma(+)(g) <-- X-3 Sigma(-)(g)(0,0) band of O-2. The O-17-containing isotopologues show unresolved hyperfine structure due to magnetic hyperfine splitting in the ground state. The sensitivity and stability of FS-CRDS allow for quantitative sub-Doppler measurements of the hyperfine constants, even when the hyperfine splittings are much smaller than the Doppler width. Unlike saturation spectroscopy, this linear absorption technique can be applied to weak transitions and employed to quantitatively measure intensities and line shapes. This method may be an attractive approach for measuring unresolved hyperfine structure in excited electronic states.
C1 [Long, D. A.; Okumura, M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Havey, D. K.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Long, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RI Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013
OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137
FU National Science Foundation; Department of Defense; National Research
   Council; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA
   Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; NASA [NNG06GD88G,
   NNX09AE21G]
FX D. A. Long was supported by the National Science Foundation and
   Department of Defense. D. K. Havey acknowledges the support of the
   National Research Council as a postdoctoral fellow at NIST,
   Gaithersburg, MD. Part of the research described in this report was
   performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
   Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration (NASA). Additional support was provided by the Orbiting
   Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder
   (ESSP) mission, and the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program Grants
   NNG06GD88G and NNX09AE21G.
NR 30
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 16
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 6
AR 064502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.064502
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 611TA
UT WOS:000278844400001
ER

PT J
AU Frandsen, C
   Burton, BP
   Rasmussen, HK
   McEnroe, SA
   Morup, S
AF Frandsen, C.
   Burton, B. P.
   Rasmussen, H. K.
   McEnroe, S. A.
   Morup, S.
TI Magnetic clusters in ilmenite-hematite solid solutions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SPIN-GLASS SYSTEM; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; NIO NANOPARTICLES;
   LOW-TEMPERATURE; MOSSBAUER; (1-X)FETIO3-XFE2O3; ALPHA-FE2O3; DYNAMICS;
   SERIES; FIELDS
AB We report the use of high-field (57)Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy to resolve the magnetic ordering of ilmenite-hematite [xFeTiO(3)-(1-x)Fe(2)O(3)] solid solutions with x > 0.5. We find that nanometer-sized hematite clusters exist within an ilmenite-like matrix. Although both phases are antiferromagnetically ordered, the hematite clusters show ferrimagnetic behavior due to superexchange coupling with Fe(2+) in ilmenite. For ilmenite-rich samples (x = 0.95), the clusters are isolated and superparamagnetic. For more hematite-rich samples with x = 0.80 and x = 0.70, the clusters interact to form a cluster glass.
C1 [Frandsen, C.; Rasmussen, H. K.; Morup, S.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
   [Burton, B. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
   [McEnroe, S. A.] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
RP Frandsen, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
EM fraca@fysik.dtu.dk
RI morup, steen/A-7944-2011; Frandsen, Cathrine/A-5729-2011; 
OI morup, steen/0000-0001-6074-1634; Frandsen,
   Cathrine/0000-0001-5006-924X; mcenroe, suzanne/0000-0002-0011-6156
FU Danish Council for Independent Research, Technology and Production
   Sciences (FTP) and Natural Sciences (FNU); National Research Council of
   Norway (NFR); Bayerisches Geoinstitut
FX We thank Tiziana Boffa Ballaran for x-ray diffraction measurements and
   analysis. C. F. and S. M. acknowledge funding from the Danish Council
   for Independent Research, Technology and Production Sciences (FTP) and
   Natural Sciences (FNU). S. A. M. acknowledges funding from the National
   Research Council of Norway (NFR) and Bayerisches Geoinstitut.
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 16
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 22
AR 224423
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.224423
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 611TT
UT WOS:000278846900001
ER

PT J
AU Ward, EJ
   Semmens, BX
   Schindler, DE
AF Ward, Eric J.
   Semmens, Brice X.
   Schindler, Daniel E.
TI Including Source Uncertainty and Prior Information in the Analysis of
   Stable Isotope Mixing Models
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPHIC POSITION; CARBON; RATIOS; LAKES; TOO
AB Stable isotope mixing models offer a statistical framework for estimating the contribution of multiple sources (such as prey) to a mixture distribution. Recent advances in these models have estimated the source proportions using Bayesian methods, but have not explicitly accounted for uncertainty in the mean and variance of sources. We demonstrate that treating these quantities as unknown parameters can reduce bias in the estimated source contributions, although model complexity is increased (thereby increasing the variance of estimates). The advantages of this fully Bayesian approach are particularly apparent when the source geometry is poor or sample sizes are small. A second benefit to treating source quantities as parameters is that prior source information can be included. We present findings from 9 lake food-webs, where the consumer of interest (fish) has a diet composed of 5 sources: aquatic insects, snails, zooplankton, amphipods, and terrestrial insects. We compared the traditional Bayesian stable isotope mixing model with fixed source parameters to our fully Bayesian model with and without an informative prior. The informative prior has much less impact than the choice of model the traditional mixing model with fixed source parameters estimates the diet to be dominated by aquatic insects, while the fully Bayesian model estimates the diet to be more balanced but with greater importance of zooplankton. The findings from this example demonstrate that there can be stark differences in inference between the two model approaches, particularly when the source geometry of the mixing model is poor. These analyses also emphasize the importance of investing substantial effort toward characterizing the variation in the isotopic characteristics of source pools to appropriately quantify uncertainties in their contributions to consumers in food webs.
C1 [Ward, Eric J.; Semmens, Brice X.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM eric.ward@noaa.gov
NR 23
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 4
U2 66
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 12
BP 4645
EP 4650
DI 10.1021/es100053v
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 608WP
UT WOS:000278617000044
PM 20496928
ER

PT J
AU Yordy, JE
   Wells, RS
   Balmer, BC
   Schwacke, LH
   Rowles, TK
   Kucklick, JR
AF Yordy, Jennifer E.
   Wells, Randall S.
   Balmer, Brian C.
   Schwacke, Lori H.
   Rowles, Teri K.
   Kucklick, John R.
TI Partitioning of Persistent Organic Pollutants between Blubber and Blood
   of Wild Bottlenose Dolphins: Implications for Biomonitoring and Health
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE
   CONTAMINANTS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; SARASOTA
   BAY; WEIGHT-LOSS; FAT; PCBS
AB Biomonitoring surveys of wild cetaceans commonly utilize blubber as a means to assess exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), but the relationship between concentrations in blubber and those in blood, a better indicator of target organ exposure, is poorly understood. To define this relationship, matched blubber and plasma samples (n = 56) were collected from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and analyzed for 61 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, 5 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, and 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). With the exception of PCB 209, lipid-normalized concentrations of the major POPs in blubber and plasma were positively and significantly correlated (R(2) = 0.828 to 0.976). Plasma concentrations, however, significantly increased with declining blubber lipid content, suggesting that as lipid is utilized, POPs are mobilized into blood. Compound- and homologue-specific blubber/blood partition coefficients also differed according to lipid content, suggesting POPs are selectively mobilized from blubber. Overall, these results suggest that with the regression parameters derived here, blubber may be used to estimate blood concentrations and vice versa. Additionally, the mobilization of lipid from blubber and concomitant increase in contaminants in blood suggests cetaceans with reduced blubber lipid may be at greater risk for contaminant-associated health effects.
C1 [Yordy, Jennifer E.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Yordy, Jennifer E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Wells, Randall S.; Balmer, Brian C.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
   [Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Rowles, Teri K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Yordy, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM jennifer.yordy@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); Disney Wildlife Conservation
   Fund; Dolphin Quest
FX The authors thank the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program staff members
   and volunteers, whose participation made sample collection possible.
   Rebecca Pugh, Michael Ellisor, Colleen Bryan, and Jennifer Keller from
   MST are also acknowledged for help with the development of collection
   protocols, sample collection and storage. A warm thanks to Heather
   Koopman and Andrew Westgate for their review of this manuscript. Funding
   was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Disney
   Wildlife Conservation Fund, and Dolphin Quest. Sampling and health
   assessment research were conducted under NMFS Scientific Research
   Permits no. 522-1569 and no. 522-1785, issued to R.S.W. Certain
   commercial equipment or instruments are identified in the paper to
   specify adequately the experimental procedures. Such identification does
   not imply recommendations or endorsement by the NIST or NOAA nor does it
   imply that the equipment or instruments are the best available for the
   purpose.
NR 36
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 30
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 12
BP 4789
EP 4795
DI 10.1021/es1004158
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 608WP
UT WOS:000278617000066
PM 20491435
ER

PT J
AU Chiang, CJ
   Wallis, TM
   Gu, D
   Imtiaz, A
   Kabos, P
   Blanchard, PT
   Bertness, KA
   Sanford, NA
   Kim, K
   Filipovic, D
AF Chiang, Chin-Jen
   Wallis, T. Mitch
   Gu, Dazhen
   Imtiaz, Atif
   Kabos, Pavel
   Blanchard, Paul T.
   Bertness, Kristine A.
   Sanford, Norman A.
   Kim, Kichul
   Filipovic, Dejan
TI High frequency characterization of a Schottky contact to a GaN nanowire
   bundle
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SILICON NANOWIRES; CARRIER MOBILITY; CAPACITANCE;
   TEMPERATURE; MESFETS; DIODES
AB A two-port GaN nanowire (NW) device with one Schottky contact and one Ohmic contact was characterized up to 10 GHz using on-wafer microwave measurements. In addition to the measurement of the broadband response, two additional applications of microwave measurements are introduced: (1) the capability to distinguish a Schottky-type contact from an Ohmic contact based on the reflected broadband signals (S(11) and S(22)) and (2) the measurement of a capacitance voltage (CV) curve for a Schottky contact to a bundle of a few NWs. The junction capacitance of the Schottky contact is determined at various bias voltages by fitting the broadband response with a microwave circuit model. The carrier concentration is estimated from the resulting CV curve to be 5.3 X 10(18)/cm(3) and the Schottky barrier height is estimated to be 0.89 eV. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3428391]
C1 [Chiang, Chin-Jen; Wallis, T. Mitch; Gu, Dazhen; Imtiaz, Atif; Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Blanchard, Paul T.; Bertness, Kristine A.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Kim, Kichul; Filipovic, Dejan] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Chiang, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM chinjen_chiang@yahoo.com.tw
RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012
FU DARPAN/MEMS [HR0011-06-1-0048]
FX We gratefully acknowledge that partial support for this work was
   provided by the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for
   Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) funded by
   DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (Grant No. HR0011-06-1-0048) (D. L.
   Polla, Program Manager). Work of the National Institute of Standards and
   Technology, not subject to U.S. copyright.
NR 32
TC 10
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U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 12
AR 124301
DI 10.1063/1.3428391
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 626UX
UT WOS:000279993900121
ER

PT J
AU Han, Y
   Reaney, IM
   Johnson-Wilke, RL
   Telli, MB
   Tinberg, DS
   Levin, I
   Fong, DD
   Fister, TT
   Streiffer, SK
   Trolier-McKinstry, S
AF Han, Y.
   Reaney, I. M.
   Johnson-Wilke, R. L.
   Telli, M. B.
   Tinberg, D. S.
   Levin, I.
   Fong, D. D.
   Fister, T. T.
   Streiffer, S. K.
   Trolier-McKinstry, S.
TI Structural phase transitions in AgTa0.5Nb0.5O3 thin films
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SILVER TANTALATE;
   SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CERAMICS; PEROVSKITES; NIOBATE; VOIGT
AB Octahedral tilt transitions in epitaxial AgTa0.5Nb0.5O3 (ATN) films grown on (001)(p) (where p =pseudocubic) oriented SrRuO3/LaAlO3 and LaAlO3 substrates were characterized by electron diffraction and high resolution x-ray diffraction. It was found that the ATN films exhibited octahedral rotations characteristic of the Pbcm space group, similar to those seen in bulk materials; however, the temperature of the M-3 <-> M-2 phase transition has been suppressed by similar to 250 K due to the fact that the correlation length for rotations about c(p) was significantly reduced. The average off-center B-cation displacements, which signify the degree of long-range order for these local cation positions, were negligibly small compared to bulk materials, as inferred from the near-zero intensity of the 1/4(00l)(p)-type reflections. On cooling, pronounced ordering of B-cation displacements occurred at approximate to 60 K which is significantly lower compared to bulk (approximate to 310 K). The onset of this ordering coincides with a broad maximum in relative permittivity as a function of temperature. It is believed that point and planar defects in thin ATN films disrupt the complex sequence of in-phase and antiphase rotations around c(p) thereby reducing the effective strength of interactions between the tilting and cation displacements. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3447753]
C1 [Han, Y.; Reaney, I. M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
   [Johnson-Wilke, R. L.; Tinberg, D. S.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Johnson-Wilke, R. L.; Tinberg, D. S.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Telli, M. B.] Kocaeli Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-41380 Izmit, Turkey.
   [Levin, I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Fong, D. D.; Fister, T. T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Streiffer, S. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Han, Y (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nanoscale Phys Res Lab, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
EM y.han.1@bham.ac.uk
RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; 
OI Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281
FU Engineering and Physical Science Research Council U.K. [EP/D067049/1G];
   National Science Foundation [DMR-0602770]; U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX Financial support for this work is provided by the Engineering and
   Physical Science Research Council U.K. (Grant No. EP/D067049/1G) and by
   the National Science Foundation (Materials World Network, Grant No.
   DMR-0602770). Y. Han would like to thank Professors Paula Vilarinho and
   Augusto Lopes at the University of Aveiro, Portugal, for providing the
   TEM facilities for performing the low temperature experiment. Work at
   Argonne and the use of the Advanced Photon Source and the Center for
   Nanoscale Materials were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract
   No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Jenia Karapetrova's help at beamline 33-BM of the
   Advanced Photon Source, along with Pete Baldo's technical assistance is
   gratefully acknowledged.
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 19
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 12
AR 123517
DI 10.1063/1.3447753
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 626UX
UT WOS:000279993900044
ER

PT J
AU Kwon, YO
   Alexander, MA
   Bond, NA
   Frankignoul, C
   Nakamura, H
   Qiu, B
   Thompson, L
AF Kwon, Young-Oh
   Alexander, Michael A.
   Bond, Nicholas A.
   Frankignoul, Claude
   Nakamura, Hisashi
   Qiu, Bo
   Thompson, Luanne
TI Role of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio-Oyashio Systems in Large-Scale
   Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction: A Review
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Review
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; DECADAL CLIMATE
   VARIABILITY; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; EXTRATROPICAL SST ANOMALIES;
   GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC-EUROPEAN
   REGION; STORM-TRACK ACTIVITY; EDDY-RESOLVING OGCM
AB Ocean atmosphere interaction over the Northern Hemisphere western boundary current (WBC) regions (i.e., the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, Oyashio, and their extensions) is reviewed with an emphasis on their role in basin-scale climate variability. SST anomalies exhibit considerable variance on interannual to decadal time scales in these regions. Low-frequency SST variability is primarily driven by basin-scale wind stress curl variability via the oceanic Rossby wave adjustment of the gyre-scale circulation that modulates the latitude and strength of the WBC-related oceanic fronts. Rectification of the variability by mesoscale eddies, re-emergence of the anomalies from the preceding winter, and tropical remote forcing also play important roles in driving and maintaining the low-frequency variability in these regions. In the Gulf Stream region, interaction with the deep western boundary current also likely influences the low-frequency variability. Surface heat fluxes damp the low-frequency SST anomalies over the WBC regions; thus, heat fluxes originate with heat anomalies in the ocean and have the potential to drive the overlying atmospheric circulation. While recent observational studies demonstrate a local atmospheric boundary layer response to WBC changes, the latter's influence on the large-scale atmospheric circulation is still unclear. Nevertheless, heat and moisture fluxes from the WBCs into the atmosphere influence the mean state of the atmospheric circulation, including anchoring the latitude of the storm tracks to the WBCs. Furthermore, many climate models suggest that the large-scale atmospheric response to SST anomalies driven by ocean dynamics in WBC regions can be important in generating decadal climate variability. As a step toward bridging climate model results and observations, the degree of realism of the WBC in current climate model simulations is assessed. Finally, outstanding issues concerning ocean atmosphere interaction in WBC regions and its impact on climate variability are discussed.
C1 [Kwon, Young-Oh] WHOI, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Frankignoul, Claude] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France.
   [Nakamura, Hisashi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan.
   [Nakamura, Hisashi] RIGC JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
   [Qiu, Bo] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Kwon, YO (reprint author), WHOI, Dept Phys Oceanog, MS 21, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM yokwon@whoi.edu
RI Kwon, Young-Oh/C-2190-2008; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Qiu,
   Bo/D-9569-2017
OI Kwon, Young-Oh/0000-0002-1241-2817; Alexander,
   Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; 
FU U.S. CLIVAR; U.S. CLIVAR office; NASA [1267196]; Japan Society for
   Promotion for Science (JSPS) [18204044]; Japanese Ministry of
   Environment [S-5]; Kerr Endowed Fund; Penzance Endowed Fund
FX The authors of this paper are members of the working group on Western
   Boundary Current Air Sea Interaction sponsored by U.S. CLIVAR
   (http://www.usclivar.org/Organization/wbc-wg.html). We appreciate the
   support from the U.S. CLIVAR office. We also thank Jamie Scott, Takafumi
   Miyasaka, and Barb DeLuisi for developing the WBC web page and for
   producing some of the figures and two anonymous reviewers for their
   constructive suggestions. Funding for LT was provided by the
   NASA-sponsored Ocean Surface Topography Science Team, under Contract
   1267196 with the University of Washington, administered by the Jet
   Propulsion Laboratory. HN was supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid
   18204044 by the Japan Society for Promotion for Science (JSPS) and the
   Global Environment Research Fund (S-5) of the Japanese Ministry of
   Environment. YK was supported by the Kerr Endowed Fund and Penzance
   Endowed Fund.
NR 228
TC 126
Z9 136
U1 7
U2 71
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 12
BP 3249
EP 3281
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3343.1
PG 33
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 623ZM
UT WOS:000279785900006
ER

PT J
AU Shaw, TA
   Perlwitz, J
AF Shaw, Tiffany A.
   Perlwitz, Judith
TI The Impact of Stratospheric Model Configuration on Planetary-Scale Waves
   in Northern Hemisphere Winter
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SUDDEN WARMINGS;
   TROPOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; PROPAGATION; DRAG
AB The impact of stratospheric model configuration on modeled planetary-scale waves in Northern Hemisphere winter is examined using the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CM AM). The CMAM configurations include a high-lid (0.001 hPa) and a low-lid (10 hPa) configuration, which were each run with and without conservation of parameterized gravity wave momentum flux. The planetary wave structure, vertical propagation, and the basic state are found to be in good agreement with reanalysis data for the high-lid conservative configuration with the exception of the downward-propagating wave I signal. When the lid is lowered and momentum is conserved, the wave characteristics and basic state are not significantly altered, with the exception of the downward-propagating wave 1 signal, which is damped by the act of conservation. When momentum is not conserved, however, the wave amplitude increases significantly near the lid, and there is a large increase in both the upward- and downward-propagating wave 1 signals and a significant increase in the strength of the basic state. The impact of conserving parameterized gravity wave momentum flux is found lobe much larger than that of the model lid height. The changes to the planetary waves and basic state significantly impact the stratosphere troposphere coupling in the different configurations. In the low-lid configuration, there is an increase in wave-reflection-type coupling over zonal-mean-type coupling, a reduction in stratospheric sudden warming events, and an increase in the northern annular mode time scale. Conserving gravity wave momentum flux in the low-lid configuration significantly reduces these biases.
C1 [Shaw, Tiffany A.] NYU, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA.
   [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Shaw, TA (reprint author), NYU, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA.
EM tshaw@cims.nyu.edu
RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008
OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NOAA
   Climate Program Office
FX This research has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering
   Research Council of Canada through a Post Doctoral Fellowship to the
   first author. JP's contribution was funded by the NOAA Climate Program
   Office. The first author is grateful to Drs. Michael Sigmond and John
   Scinocca for performing the model simulations, to Drs. Ted Shepherd and
   Charles McLandress for many helpful discussions, to Dr. Mark Baldwin for
   providing his EOF code, and to Dr. Ed Gerber for providing his code to
   calculate the NAM time scales. The authors are also grateful to three
   anonymous reviewers for helping to improve the manuscript.
NR 32
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U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 12
BP 3369
EP 3389
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3438.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 623ZM
UT WOS:000279785900012
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, L
   Kogan, FN
   Guo, W
   Tarpley, JD
   Mitchell, KE
   Ek, MB
   Tian, YH
   Zheng, WZ
   Zou, CZ
   Ramsay, BH
AF Jiang, Le
   Kogan, Felix N.
   Guo, Wei
   Tarpley, J. Dan
   Mitchell, Kenneth E.
   Ek, Michael B.
   Tian, Yuhong
   Zheng, Weizhong
   Zou, Cheng -Zhi
   Ramsay, Bruce H.
TI Real-time weekly global green vegetation fraction derived from advanced
   very high resolution radiometer-based NOAA operational global vegetation
   index (GVI) system
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ETA-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; COVER DATA; DERIVATION; SATELLITE; SPACE;
   MODIS; NDVI
AB To provide quality-improved and consistent real-time global green vegetation fraction (GVF) data products that are suitable for use in operational numerical weather, climate, and hydrological models, necessary processing steps are applied to the output data stream from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR)-based NOAA operational global vegetation index (GVI) system. This paper reviewed the NOAA GVI data and described the algorithm to derive weekly updated real-time GVF from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The methodology description focuses on algorithm justification in an operational production context. The described algorithm was implemented in the global vegetation processing system (GVPS). The new global GVF data sets include the multiyear GVF weekly climatology and the real-time weekly GVF. Compared to the old 5 year GVF monthly climatology currently used in the operational National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) weather and climate models, the new data sets provide an overall higher vegetation value, real-time surface vegetation information, and numerous other improvements. The new GVF data set quality was partially assured by validation against Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI at a few EOS land validation core sites and comparison with another independently processed NDVI data set. Impact of the new GVF data sets in numerical weather prediction (NWP) model was investigated using EMC mesoscale model simulations and concluded overall positive.
C1 [Jiang, Le; Guo, Wei; Tian, Yuhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Kogan, Felix N.; Tarpley, J. Dan; Zou, Cheng -Zhi; Ramsay, Bruce H.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Jiang, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, IM Syst Grp Inc, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 710, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM le.jiang@noaa.gov
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Zou,
   Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; 
FU I. M. Systems Group, Inc. [DG133E-06-CQ-0030/T004, T020]
FX This work was funded by I. M. Systems Group, Inc. contract at
   NOAA/NESDIS/STAR (contract/task DG133E-06-CQ-0030/T004 and T020). We
   appreciate the assistance of Ivan Csiszar (NESDIS/STAR) for information
   on 5 year climatological GVF data and for his constructive comments
   during the manuscript revision; Ingrid Guch (NESDIS/STAR) and Hanjun
   Ding (NESDIS/OSDPD) for operational implementation suggestions; and Xiwu
   Zhan (NESDIS/STAR), Yunyue Yu (NESDIS/STAR), and Istvan Laszlo
   (NESDIS/STAR) for their insightful comments on an earlier version of the
   manuscript. Thanks are extended to Brad Ferrier (Science Applications
   International Corporation (SAIC) at NCEP/EMC), George Gayno (SAIC at
   NCEP/EMC), and Vince Wong (SAIC at NCEP/EMC) for providing the NCEP
   WRF-NMMcode and incorporating the new GVF data into the model and to
   Hui-ya Zhuang and Binbin Zhou for providing helpful guidance in WRF-NMM
   postprocessing and forecast verification system, as well as to numerous
   peer reviewers during earlier submissions for their comments that helped
   improve the overall quality of this paper. The views, opinions, and
   findings contained in this work are of the author(s) and should not be
   interpreted as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or
   decision.
NR 35
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D11114
DI 10.1029/2009JD013204
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 613NT
UT WOS:000278986700004
ER

PT J
AU Herr, HD
   Krzysztofowicz, R
AF Herr, Henry D.
   Krzysztofowicz, Roman
TI Bayesian ensemble forecast of river stages and ensemble size
   requirements
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Forecasting; Bayesian analysis; Stochastic processes; Probability;
   Ensemble; Rivers
ID HYDROLOGIC UNCERTAINTY PROCESSOR; QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS;
   MODEL; SYSTEM
AB The problem is to provide a short-term, probabilistic forecast of a river stage time series {H(1),...,H(N)} based on a probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast. The Bayesian forecasting system (BFS) for this problem is implemented as a Monte-Carlo algorithm that generates an ensemble of realizations of the river stage time series. This article (i) shows how the analytic-numerical BFS can be used as a generator of the Bayesian ensemble forecast (BEF), (ii) demonstrates the properties of the BEF, and (iii) investigates the sample size requirements for ensemble forecasts (produced by the BFS or by any other system).
   The investigation of the ensemble size requirements exploits the unique advantage of the BFS, which outputs the exact, analytic, predictive distribution function of the stochastic process {H(1),...,H(N)}, as well as can generate an ensemble of realizations of this process from which a sample estimate of the predictive distribution function can be constructed. By comparing the analytic distribution with its sample estimates from ensembles of different sizes, the smallest ensemble size M* required to ensure a specified expected accuracy can be inferred. Numerical experiments in four river basins demonstrate that M* depends upon the kind of probabilistic forecast that is constructed from the ensemble. Three kinds of forecasts are constructed: (i) a probabilistic river stage forecast (PRSF), which for each time n (n = 1,...,N) specifies a predictive distribution function of H(n); (ii) a probabilistic stage transition forecast (PSTF), which for each time n specifies a family (for all h(n-1)) of predictive one-step transition distribution functions from H(n-1) = h(n-1) to H(n); and (iii) a probabilistic flood forecast (PFF), which for each time n specifies a predictive distribution function of max{H(1),...,H(n)}.
   Overall, the experimental results demonstrate that the smallest ensemble size M* required for accurate estimation (or numerical representation) of these predictive distribution functions is (i) insensitive to experimental factors and on the order of several hundreds for the PRSF and the PFF and (ii) sensitive to experimental factors and on the order of several thousands for the PSTF. The general conclusions for system developers are that the ensemble size is an important design variable, and that the optimal ensemble size M* depends upon the purpose of the forecast: for dynamic control problems (which require a PSTF), M* is likely to be larger by a factor of 3-20 than it is for static decision problems (which require a PRSF or a PFF). (C) 2010 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.
C1 [Krzysztofowicz, Roman] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
   [Herr, Henry D.] Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Krzysztofowicz, Roman] Univ Virginia, Dept Stat, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RP Krzysztofowicz, R (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Syst Engn, POB 400747, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM rk@virginia.edu
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0641572]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science
   Foundation under Grant No. ATM-0641572, "New Statistical Techniques for
   Probabilistic Weather Forecasting".
NR 16
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 387
IS 3-4
BP 151
EP 164
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.02.024
PG 14
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 617JO
UT WOS:000279277100001
ER

PT J
AU Park, D
   Weinman, CJ
   Finlay, JA
   Fletcher, BR
   Paik, MY
   Sundaram, HS
   Dimitriou, MD
   Sohn, KE
   Callow, ME
   Callow, JA
   Handlin, DL
   Willis, CL
   Fischer, DA
   Kramer, EJ
   Ober, CK
AF Park, Daewon
   Weinman, Craig J.
   Finlay, John A.
   Fletcher, Benjamin R.
   Paik, Marvin Y.
   Sundaram, Harihara S.
   Dimitriou, Michael D.
   Sohn, Karen E.
   Callow, Maureen E.
   Callow, James A.
   Handlin, Dale L.
   Willis, Carl L.
   Fischer, Daniel A.
   Kramer, Edward J.
   Ober, Christopher K.
TI Amphiphilic Surface Active Triblock Copolymers with Mixed Hydrophobic
   and Hydrophilic Side Chains for Tuned Marine Fouling-Release Properties
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GREEN-ALGA ULVA; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL);
   MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; ADHESION STRENGTH; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PROTEIN
   ADSORPTION; SILICONE COATINGS; SETTLED SPORES; ENTEROMORPHA
AB Two series of amphiphilic triblock surface active block copolymers (SABCs) were prepared through chemical modification of two polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polyisoprene ABC triblock copolymer precursors. The methyl ether of poly(ethylene glycol) [M(n) approximate to 550 g/mol (PEG550)] and a semifluorinated alcohol (CF(3)(CF(2))(9)(CH(2))(10)OH) [F10H10] were attached at different molar ratios to impart both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups to the isoprene segment. Coatings on glass slides consisting of a thin layer of the amphiphilic SABC deposited on a thicker layer of an ABA polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene thermoplastic elastomer were prepared for biofouling assays with algae. Dynamic water contact angle analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption One structure (NEXAFS) measurements were utilized to characterize the surfaces. Clear differences in surface structure were realized as the composition of attached side chains was varied. In biofouling assays, the settlement (attachment) of zoospores of the green alga Ulva was higher for surfaces incorporating a large proportion of the hydrophobic F10H10 side chains, while surfaces with a large proportion of the PEG550 side chains inhibited settlement. The trend in attachment strength of sporelings (young plants) of Ulva did not show such an obvious pattern. However, amphiphilic SABCs incorporating a mixture of PEG550 and F10H10 side chains performed the best. The number of cells of the diatom Navicula attached after exposure to flow decreased as the content of PEG550 to F10H10 side chains increased.
C1 [Park, Daewon; Weinman, Craig J.; Paik, Marvin Y.; Sundaram, Harihara S.; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Finlay, John A.; Fletcher, Benjamin R.; Callow, Maureen E.; Callow, James A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
   [Dimitriou, Michael D.; Sohn, Karen E.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Handlin, Dale L.; Willis, Carl L.] KRATON Polymers, Houston, TX 77082 USA.
   [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ober, CK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM cko3@cornell.edu
RI Sundaram, Harihara Subramanian/D-8266-2012
FU United States Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research
   and Development Program (SERDP) [1454]; Office of Naval Research (ONR)
   [N00014-08-1-0010, N00014-02-1-0170]; NSF Graduate Fellowship; NSF
   Polymers Program [DMR-0704539]; NSF-MRSEC program [DMR-0520415]
FX This work was supported by United States Department of Defense's
   Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), Grant
   WP #1454 with additional support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR)
   through Award Nos. N00014-08-1-0010 (J.A.C. and M.E.C.) and
   N00014-02-1-0170 (C.K.O. and E.J.K.). K.E.S. and E.J.K. acknowledge
   partial support from an NSF Graduate Fellowship and the NSF Polymers
   Program (DMR-0704539) as well as the use of facilities funded by the
   NSF-MRSEC program (UCSB MRL, DMR-0520415).
NR 76
TC 54
Z9 57
U1 8
U2 62
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 12
BP 9772
EP 9781
DI 10.1021/la100032n
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 606LX
UT WOS:000278427600084
PM 20359178
ER

PT J
AU Tsai, DH
   DelRio, FW
   MacCuspie, RI
   Cho, TJ
   Zachariah, MR
   Hackley, VA
AF Tsai, De-Hao
   DelRio, Frank W.
   MacCuspie, Robert I.
   Cho, Tae Joon
   Zachariah, Michael R.
   Hackley, Vincent A.
TI Competitive Adsorption of Thiolated Polyethylene Glycol and
   Mercaptopropionic Acid on Gold Nanoparticles Measured by Physical
   Characterization Methods
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; DIRECTED
   DRUG-DELIVERY; COLLOIDAL GOLD; HYDROXYAPATITE PARTICLES; SURFACE
   COVERAGE; THERMAL THERAPY; VECTOR; CANCER
AB Competitive adsorption kinetics between thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG) and mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) on gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were studied using a prototype physical characterization approach that combines dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA). The change in hydrodynamic particle size (intensity average) due to the formation of SH-PEG coatings on Au-NPs was measured by DLS in both two-component (Au-NP + MPA or Au-NP + SH-PEG) and three-component (Au-NP + MPA + SH-PEG) systems. ES-DMA was employed to quantify the surface coverage of SH-PEG and establish a correlation between surface coverage and the change in particle size measured by DLS. A change in the equilibrium binding constant for SH-PEG on Au-NPs at various concentrations of SH-PEG and MPA showed that the presence of MPA reduced the binding affinity of SH-PEG to the An-NP surface. Kinetic studies showed that SH-PEG was desorbed from the Au-NP surface following a second-order desorption model after subsequently introducing MPA. The desorption rate constant of SH-PEG from the Au-NP surface by MPA displacement was strongly affected by the concentration of MPA and the excess SH-PEG in solution.
C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; DelRio, Frank W.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Cho, Tae Joon; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
   [Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vince.hackley@nist.gov
RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; 
OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724;
   MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499
FU NCI; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-CO-4118-002-000]
FX We thank Dr. Anil Patri at the Nanotechnology Characterization
   Laboratory at the National Cancer Institute (NCL-NCI) for helpful
   discussions and research directions. This work was funded in part by NCI
   and the National Institutes of Health through an interagency agreement
   (Research to Support Characterization of Nanotechnologies for Cancer;
   NIH #Y1-CO-4118-002-000). We also thank Dr. Andrew Allen, Dr. Robert
   Cook, and Suvajyoti Guha at NIST for reviewing the article.
NR 35
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 5
U2 53
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 12
BP 10325
EP 10333
DI 10.1021/la100484a
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 606LX
UT WOS:000278427600157
PM 20465235
ER

PT J
AU Marbler, H
   Koschinsky, A
   Pape, T
   Seifert, R
   Weber, S
   Baker, ET
   de Carvalho, LM
   Schmidt, K
AF Marbler, H.
   Koschinsky, A.
   Pape, T.
   Seifert, R.
   Weber, S.
   Baker, E. T.
   de Carvalho, L. M.
   Schmidt, K.
TI Geochemical and physical structure of the hydrothermal plume at the
   ultramafic-hosted Logatchev hydrothermal field at 14 degrees 45 ' N on
   the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mid-Atlantic Ridge; ultramafic-hosted system; Logatchev hydrothermal
   plume; dissolvable iron; dissolvable manganese; methane
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; VENT FLUIDS; MANGANESE; METHANE; ROCKS; MAR; TAG;
   CH4; 11-DEGREES-50'N; 36-DEGREES-14'N
AB The hydrothermal plume generated in deep waters above the Logatchev hydrothermal field (LHF) about 15 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was investigated and mapped for its 3D distributions using a combination of in situ optical light scattering data, temperature and salinity data, as well as concentrations of hydrogen, methane, total dissolvable Fe, and total dissolvable Mn. Based on the results obtained for these meaningful parameters, we report the geochemical and physical characteristics of the fluids expelled from the ultramafic LHF and the chemical structure of its hydrothermal plume in the water column.
   The hydrothermal plume is sourced by at least seven distinct vent sites and possibly additional diffusive fluid and gas discharge. It comprises a water body characterized by strong nephelometric anomalies (expressed as Delta NTU, nephelometric turbidity units) and high concentrations of Fe and Mn (>5 times seawater concentration), and the gas plume with several times the H(2) and CH(4) concentrations of normal seawater. Up to three plume levels with a total vertical extension of about 350 m from the seafloor were classified in the hydrothermal plume. The Delta NTU plume could be followed to approximately 2.5 km to the north and to the south from the vent site while the gas plume spread several km farther from the hydrothermal source. High concentrations of H(2) (up to 1598 nmol l(-1)) and CH(4) (up to 323 nmol l(-1)) accompanied by relatively low dissolvable Fe concentrations (up to 270 nmol l(-1)) as well as low concentrations of dissolvable Mn (112 nmol l(-1)) compared to basaltic hydrothermal systems are the characteristics of the plume. The low metal/gas ratios showed a decrease with increasing distance from the vent site. Our data demonstrate that ultramafic systems such as the LHF serve both as sources and sinks for elements, with respect to metal and gas inputs into the oceanic water column. The relevance of such systems is underlined by the discovery (and postulated frequency) of further ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems on slow-spreading ridges. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Marbler, H.; Koschinsky, A.; Schmidt, K.] Jacobs Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, D-28759 Bremen, Germany.
   [Pape, T.; Seifert, R.; Weber, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Biogeochem & Marine Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
   [Baker, E. T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [de Carvalho, L. M.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, LACHEM Dept Chem, BR-97110970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
RP Marbler, H (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Von Seckendorff Pl 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
EM herwig.marbler@geo.uni-halle.de
RI liu, ze/A-2322-2010; Koschinsky, Andrea /R-2927-2016
OI Koschinsky, Andrea /0000-0002-9224-0663
FU German Research Foundation (DFG); R/V METEOR
FX The German Research Foundation (DFG) funded this work as well as the
   research cruises M60/3 and M64/2 which were carried out within the
   framework of the DFG Special Priority Program SPP 1144: "From Mantle to
   Ocean: Energy-, Material-, and Life-Cycles at Spreading Axes". We are
   grateful for the excellent cooperation and support of R/V METEOR
   personnel under Captain M. Kull. We also thank the lab technicians at
   the Jacobs University, Bremen, for analysis of Fe concentrations, the
   lab technicians at the Department for Chemistry at the Universidade
   Santa Maria, Brazil, for the measurements of Mn concentrations, Gunnar
   Schroll (IfBM, Hamburg) for onboard methane measurements during M64/2,
   and Nico Augustin (IFM-Geomar, Kiel), for providing the map of the
   working area. Three anonymous reviewers helped to greatly improve the
   quality of the manuscript. This is publication no. 46 of the priority
   program 1144 "From Mantle to Ocean: Energy-, Material- and Life-cycles
   at Spreading Axes" of DFG.
NR 57
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 271
IS 3-4
BP 187
EP 197
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.01.012
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 601FN
UT WOS:000278043800001
ER

PT J
AU Toggweiler, JR
   Lea, DW
AF Toggweiler, J. R.
   Lea, David W.
TI Temperature differences between the hemispheres and ice age climate
   variability
SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; MILLENNIAL TIME SCALES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
   SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA-LEVEL;
   ANTARCTIC TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; BIPOLAR SEESAW
AB Earth became warmer and cooler during the ice ages along with changes in the Earth's orbit, but the orbital changes themselves are not nearly large enough to explain the magnitude of the warming and cooling. Atmospheric CO(2) also rose and fell, but again, the CO(2) changes are rather small in relation to the warming and cooling. So, how did the Earth manage to warm and cool by so much? Here we argue that, for the big transitions at least, the Earth did not warm and cool as a single entity. Rather, the south warmed instead at the expense of a cooler north through massive redistributions of heat that were set off by the orbital forcing. Oceanic CO(2) was vented up to the atmosphere by the same redistributions. The north then warmed later in response to higher CO(2) and a reduced albedo from smaller ice sheets. This form of north-south displacement is actually very familiar, as it is readily observed during the Younger Dryas interval 13,000 years ago and in the various millennial-scale events over the last 90,000 years.
C1 [Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
   [Lea, David W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Lea, David W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Toggweiler, JR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM robbie.toggweiler@noaa.gov; lea@geol.ucsb.edu
NR 71
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 4
U2 33
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0883-8305
J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
JI Paleoceanography
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 25
AR PA2212
DI 10.1029/2009PA001758
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology
SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology
GA 613PX
UT WOS:000278992500001
ER

PT J
AU Adriano, C
   Giles, C
   Bittar, EM
   Coelho, LN
   de Bergevin, F
   Mazzoli, C
   Paolasini, L
   Ratcliff, W
   Bindel, R
   Lynn, JW
   Fisk, Z
   Pagliuso, PG
AF Adriano, C.
   Giles, C.
   Bittar, E. M.
   Coelho, L. N.
   de Bergevin, F.
   Mazzoli, C.
   Paolasini, L.
   Ratcliff, W.
   Bindel, R.
   Lynn, J. W.
   Fisk, Z.
   Pagliuso, P. G.
TI Cd doping effects in the heavy-fermion compounds Ce2MIn8 (M = Rh and Ir)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY SCATTERING; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; POLARIZATION
   DEPENDENCE; QUANTUM CRITICALITY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RARE-EARTH; CERHIN5;
   WAVE
AB Low-temperature magnetic properties of Cd-doped Ce2MIn8 (M = Rh and Ir) single crystals are investigated. Experiments of temperature-dependent magnetic-susceptibility, heat-capacity, and electrical-resistivity measurements revealed that Cd doping enhances the antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering temperature from T-N = 2.8 K (x=0) to T-N=4.8 K (x=0.21) for Ce2RhIn8-xCdx and induces long-range AFM ordering with T-N = 3.8 K (x=0.21) for Ce2IrIn8-xCdx. Additionally, x-ray and neutron magnetic scattering studies showed that Cd-doped samples present below T-N a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure with a propagation vector (epsilon) over right arrow=(1/2, 1/2, 0). The resolved magnetic structures for both compounds indicate that the Cd doping tends to rotate the direction of the ordered magnetic moments toward the ab plane. This result suggests that the Cd doping affects the Ce3+ ground-state single-ion anisotropy modifying the crystalline electrical field (CEF) parameters at the Ce3+ site. Indications of CEF evolution induced by Cd doping were also found in the electrical-resistivity measurements. Comparisons between our results and the general effects of Cd doping on the related compounds CeMIn5 (M=Co, Rh, and Ir) confirms the claims that the Cd doping induced electronic tuning is the main effect favoring AFM ordering in these compounds.
C1 [Adriano, C.; Giles, C.; Bittar, E. M.; Coelho, L. N.; Pagliuso, P. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
   [de Bergevin, F.; Mazzoli, C.; Paolasini, L.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
   [Ratcliff, W.; Bindel, R.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Fisk, Z.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Adriano, C (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
EM cadriano@ifi.unicamp.br
RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Mazzoli, Claudio/J-4360-2012; Giles,
   Carlos/E-2878-2012; Bittar, Eduardo/B-6266-2008; Inst. of Physics, Gleb
   Wataghin/A-9780-2017
OI Giles, Carlos/0000-0001-8373-7398; Bittar, Eduardo/0000-0002-2762-1312; 
FU FAPESP (SP-Brazil); CNPq (Brazil); CAPES (Brazil)
FX This work was supported by FAPESP (SP-Brazil), CNPq (Brazil), and CAPES
   (Brazil). The staff at the ID-20 beam line and BT-9 instrument is
   gratefully acknowledged for providing an outstanding scientific
   environment during these experiments.
NR 44
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 24
AR 245115
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.245115
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 610VR
UT WOS:000278767500003
ER

PT J
AU Smith, RP
   Wahlstrand, JK
   Funk, AC
   Mirin, RP
   Cundiff, ST
   Steiner, JT
   Schafer, M
   Kira, M
   Koch, SW
AF Smith, R. P.
   Wahlstrand, J. K.
   Funk, A. C.
   Mirin, R. P.
   Cundiff, S. T.
   Steiner, J. T.
   Schafer, M.
   Kira, M.
   Koch, S. W.
TI Extraction of Many-Body Configurations from Nonlinear Absorption in
   Semiconductor Quantum Wells
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NONPERTURBATIVE REGIME; MICROCAVITIES; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITONS; STATES;
   LIGHT
AB Detailed electronic many-body configurations are extracted from quantitatively measured time-resolved nonlinear absorption spectra of resonantly excited GaAs quantum wells. The microscopic theory assigns the observed spectral changes to a unique mixture of electron-hole plasma, exciton, and polarization effects. Strong transient gain is observed only under cocircular pump-probe conditions and is attributed to the transfer of pump-induced coherences to the probe.
C1 [Smith, R. P.; Wahlstrand, J. K.; Funk, A. C.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Smith, R. P.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Mirin, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Steiner, J. T.; Schafer, M.; Kira, M.; Koch, S. W.] Philipps Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
RP Smith, RP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Kira, Mackillo/G-5812-2015; 
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655
FU NIST; NSF; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
FX The work at JILA was supported by NIST and the NSF. The work in Marburg
   was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
NR 22
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U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 104
IS 24
AR 247401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.247401
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 610XS
UT WOS:000278774000001
PM 20867334
ER

PT J
AU Amornthammarong, N
   Ortner, PB
   Zhang, JZ
AF Amornthammarong, Natchanon
   Ortner, Peter B.
   Zhang, Jia-Zhong
TI A simple, effective mixing chamber used in conjunction with a syringe
   pump for flow analysis
SO TALANTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Mixing chamber; Mixing coil; Mixing efficiency; Syringe pump; Flow
   analysis
ID INJECTION-ANALYSIS; SEQUENTIAL INJECTION; BEAD INJECTION; OPEN TUBES;
   DISPERSION; SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION; ANALYZER; WATERS
AB A simple, effective mixing chamber used in conjunction with a syringe pump for flow analysis is described and evaluated A mixing chamber was constructed using a conventional 5 mL pipette tip and its performance compared with a widely used mixing coil. The results demonstrate that the mixing coil does not rapidly and completely mix solutions Utilizing a configuration that reversed solution positions in the chamber with each mixing cycle, the proposed mixing chamber achieved complete mixing in a significantly shorter time than the mixing coil The influence of injected sample volume on absorbance signals was evaluated by calculating an S(1/2) value for the system. As tested with a minimal rinse, the system has no discernable carryover Testing this new approach in our previously described silicate measurement system resulted in a mole than twofold improvement in sensitivity Published by Elsevier B V
C1 [Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Ortner, Peter B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008
OI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865; Zhang,
   Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556
FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP); NOAA
FX Financial support for this study was provided by National Oceanographic
   Partnership Program (NOPP) and NOAA's Climate Program. This research was
   carried out through the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric
   Studies (CIMAS) under Cooperative Agreement #NA67RJ0149 in the Ocean
   Chemistry Division of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
   Laboratory. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations
   are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
   UM. NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-9140
J9 TALANTA
JI Talanta
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 4-5
BP 1472
EP 1476
DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.02.054
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 610MN
UT WOS:000278737100049
PM 20441925
ER

PT J
AU Argyriou, DN
   Hiess, A
   Akbari, A
   Eremin, I
   Korshunov, MM
   Hu, J
   Qian, B
   Mao, ZQ
   Qiu, YM
   Broholm, C
   Bao, W
AF Argyriou, D. N.
   Hiess, A.
   Akbari, A.
   Eremin, I.
   Korshunov, M. M.
   Hu, Jin
   Qian, Bin
   Mao, Zhiqiang
   Qiu, Yiming
   Broholm, Collin
   Bao, W.
TI Incommensurate itinerant antiferromagnetic excitations and spin
   resonance in the FeTe0.6Se0.4 superconductor
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING
AB We report on inelastic neutron-scattering measurements that find itinerantlike incommensurate magnetic excitations in the normal state of superconducting FeTe0.6Se0.4 (T-c=14 K) at wave vector Q(inc) = (1/2 +/- epsilon, 1/2 -/+ epsilon) with epsilon = 0.09(1). In the superconducting state only the lower energy part of the spectrum shows significant changes by the formation of a gap and a magnetic resonance that follows the dispersion of the normal-state excitations. We use a four band model to describe the Fermi-surface topology of this iron-based superconductors with the extended s(+/-) symmetry and find that it qualitatively captures the salient features of these data.
C1 [Argyriou, D. N.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energy, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
   [Hiess, A.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
   [Akbari, A.; Eremin, I.; Korshunov, M. M.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
   [Eremin, I.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Math & Theoret Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
   [Korshunov, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, LV Kirensky Phys Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
   [Hu, Jin; Qian, Bin; Mao, Zhiqiang] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
   [Qiu, Yiming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Qiu, Yiming] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Bao, W.] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China.
RP Argyriou, DN (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energy, Hahn Meitner Pl 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
EM argyriou@helmholtz-berlin.de; ieremin@mpipks-dresden.mpg.de;
   wbao@ruc.edu.cn
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Akbari, Alireza/A-3738-2012; Bao,
   Wei/E-9988-2011; 石, 源/D-5929-2012; ruc, phy/E-4170-2012; Hu,
   Jin/C-4141-2014; Korshunov, Maxim/K-6660-2015; Eremin, Ilya /M-2079-2016
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Akbari,
   Alireza/0000-0002-6234-0575; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Hu,
   Jin/0000-0003-0080-4239; Korshunov, Maxim/0000-0001-9355-2872; Eremin,
   Ilya /0000-0003-0557-8015
FU NSF [DMR-0645305]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46358, DE-FG02-08ER46544]; DFG [SPP
   1458]; RFBR [09-02-00127]; OFN RAS; Russian FCP [NK-589P/46]
FX Work at Tulane was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0645305 (for
   materials) and the DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46358 (for graduate
   students). Work at JHU was funded by the DOE under Grant No.
   DE-FG02-08ER46544. D.N.A. benefited from helpful discussions with Jan
   Zaanen and Alan Goldman and thanks the DFG for support under SPP 1458.
   M.M.K. is grateful to P. J. Hirschfeld for useful discussions and
   acknowledges support from RFBR (Grant No. 09-02-00127 ), OFN RAS program
   on strong electronic correlations, and the Russian FCP (Grant No.
   NK-589P/46).
NR 34
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U1 1
U2 19
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 14
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 22
AR 220503
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.220503
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 610HY
UT WOS:000278723700002
ER

PT J
AU Lee, SH
   Xu, GY
   Ku, W
   Wen, JS
   Lee, CC
   Katayama, N
   Xu, ZJ
   Ji, S
   Lin, ZW
   Gu, GD
   Yang, HB
   Johnson, PD
   Pan, ZH
   Valla, T
   Fujita, M
   Sato, TJ
   Chang, S
   Yamada, K
   Tranquada, JM
AF Lee, S. -H.
   Xu, Guangyong
   Ku, W.
   Wen, J. S.
   Lee, C. C.
   Katayama, N.
   Xu, Z. J.
   Ji, S.
   Lin, Z. W.
   Gu, G. D.
   Yang, H. -B.
   Johnson, P. D.
   Pan, Z. -H.
   Valla, T.
   Fujita, M.
   Sato, T. J.
   Chang, S.
   Yamada, K.
   Tranquada, J. M.
TI Coupling of spin and orbital excitations in the iron-based
   superconductor FeSe0.5Te0.5
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID STATE
AB We present a combined analysis of neutron scattering and photoemission measurements on superconducting FeSe0.5Te0.5. The low-energy magnetic excitations disperse only in the direction transverse to the characteristic wave vector (1/2, 0,0) whereas the electronic Fermi surface near (1/2, 0,0) appears to consist of four incommensurate pockets. While the spin resonance occurs at an incommensurate wave vector compatible with nesting, neither spin-wave nor Fermi-surface-nesting models can describe the magnetic dispersion. We propose that a coupling of spin and orbital correlations is key to explaining this behavior. If correct, it follows that these nematic fluctuations are involved in the resonance and could be relevant to the pairing mechanism.
C1 [Lee, S. -H.; Katayama, N.; Ji, S.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
   [Xu, Guangyong; Ku, W.; Wen, J. S.; Lee, C. C.; Xu, Z. J.; Lin, Z. W.; Gu, G. D.; Yang, H. -B.; Johnson, P. D.; Pan, Z. -H.; Valla, T.; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Wen, J. S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Xu, Z. J.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA.
   [Fujita, M.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
   [Sato, T. J.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan.
   [Chang, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Yamada, K.] Tohoku Univ, Adv Inst Mat Res, WPI Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RI xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Wen,
   Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013; Sato,
   Taku/I-7664-2015; Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013;
   Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009
OI xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Wen,
   Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; Ji,
   Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103; Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; Tranquada,
   John/0000-0003-4984-8857; 
FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER46384];
   U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences;
   National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX We are grateful to S. A. Kivelson for helpful comments and to A. V.
   Fedorov for experimental assistance. Work at the University of Virginia
   was supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
   under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46384. Work at Brookhaven is supported by
   the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. P.D.J. and J.M.T. are
   supported in part by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an
   Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences. SPINS at NCNR is supported by the National Science
   Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. A.L.S. is operated by the
   U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.
NR 28
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Z9 58
U1 2
U2 15
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 14
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 22
AR 220502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.220502
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 610HY
UT WOS:000278723700001
ER

PT J
AU Hart, LB
   Wells, RS
   Adams, JD
   Rotstein, DS
   Schwacke, LH
AF Hart, Leslie Burdett
   Wells, Randall S.
   Adams, Jeffrey D.
   Rotstein, Dave S.
   Schwacke, Lori H.
TI Modeling lacaziosis lesion progression in common bottlenose dolphins
   Tursiops truncatus using long-term photographic records
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Lacaziosis; Lacazia loboi; Bottlenose dolphin; Monomolecular growth
   model; Skin disease; Sarasota Bay; Lobomycosis
ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; LOBOS-DISEASE; LOBOMYCOSIS; FLORIDA
AB Lacaziosis (lobomycosis) is a skin disease caused by Lacazia loboi, occurring naturally only in humans and dolphins. Attempts to culture the pathogen in vitro have been unsuccessful, and inoculation studies of lacaziosis development in mice have provided only limited, short-term data on the progression and propagation of L. loboi. The present study used photographic data from long-term photo-identification and health assessment projects to model and quantify the progression of lacaziosis lesions in 3 common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA. Dorsal fin images throughout each animal's sighting history were examined for lesion growth, and the proportion of lesion coverage in each photograph was estimated using image analysis tools in Adobe Photoshop (R). The progression of lacaziosis lesions and lesion growth rates were modeled using a non-linear monomolecular growth model. As data on lacaziosis development and advancement are limited in humans and laboratory animals, dolphins with a long-term case history of the disease may serve as a good animal model to better understand lacaziosis progression. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility of long-term population monitoring data for tracking the progression of a poorly understood disease that is relevant to both dolphin and human health.
C1 [Hart, Leslie Burdett; Schwacke, Lori H.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
   [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
   [Adams, Jeffrey D.] NOAA, NCCOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Rotstein, Dave S.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Smithsonian Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
   [Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, NCCOS Ctr Human Hlth Risk, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Hart, LB (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
EM leslie.burdett@noaa.gov
NR 38
TC 7
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U1 0
U2 11
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD JUN 11
PY 2010
VL 90
IS 2
BP 105
EP 112
DI 10.3354/dao02224
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 613KO
UT WOS:000278978300003
PM 20662366
ER

PT J
AU Mason, BS
   Dicker, SR
   Korngut, PM
   Devlin, MJ
   Cotton, WD
   Koch, PM
   Molnar, SM
   Sievers, J
   Aguirre, JE
   Benford, D
   Staguhn, JG
   Moseley, H
   Irwin, KD
   Ade, P
AF Mason, B. S.
   Dicker, S. R.
   Korngut, P. M.
   Devlin, M. J.
   Cotton, W. D.
   Koch, P. M.
   Molnar, S. M.
   Sievers, J.
   Aguirre, J. E.
   Benford, D.
   Staguhn, J. G.
   Moseley, H.
   Irwin, K. D.
   Ade, P.
TI IMPLICATIONS OF A HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION IMAGE OF THE
   SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT IN RXJ1347-1145
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies:
   clusters: individual (RXJ1347-1145)
ID X-RAY-CLUSTER; GREEN-BANK-TELESCOPE; RX J1347.5-1145; HOT GAS; GALAXIES;
   J1347-1145; MAP; RX-J1347.5-1145; RX-J1347-1145; DISCOVERY
AB The most X-ray luminous cluster known, RXJ1347-1145 (z = 0.45), has been the object of extensive study across the electromagnetic spectrum. We have imaged the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) at 90 GHz (lambda = 3.3 mm) in RXJ1347-1145 at 10 '' resolution with the 64 pixel MUSTANG bolometer array on the Green Bank Telescope, confirming a previously reported strong, localized enhancement of the SZE 20 '' to the southeast of the center of X-ray emission. This enhancement of the SZE has been interpreted as shock-heated (>20 keV) gas caused by an ongoing major (low mass ratio) merger event. Our data support this interpretation. We also detect a pronounced asymmetry in the projected cluster pressure profile, with the pressure just east of the cluster core similar to 1.6 x higher than just to the west. This is the highest resolution image of the SZE made to date.
C1 [Mason, B. S.; Cotton, W. D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
   [Dicker, S. R.; Korngut, P. M.; Devlin, M. J.; Aguirre, J. E.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Koch, P. M.; Molnar, S. M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
   [Sievers, J.] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada.
   [Benford, D.; Staguhn, J. G.; Moseley, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Staguhn, J. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Ade, P.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales.
RP Mason, BS (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
EM bmason@nrao.edu
RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012; 
OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Sievers,
   Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074
NR 33
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U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JUN 10
PY 2010
VL 716
IS 1
BP 739
EP 745
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/739
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 600CD
UT WOS:000277960000054
ER

PT J
AU Knyazev, VD
   Stein, SE
AF Knyazev, Vadim D.
   Stein, Stephen E.
TI Monte Carlo/RRKM/Classical Trajectories Modeling of Collisional
   Excitation and Dissociation of n-Butylbenzene Ion in Multipole Collision
   Cells of Tandem Mass Spectrometers
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID OFF-RESONANCE EXCITATION; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR ION; FORCE-FIELD;
   PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; TRIPLE QUADRUPOLES; RADICAL-CATION; KINETIC SHIFTS;
   FRAGMENTATION; ACTIVATION
AB The two-channel reaction of collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the n-butylbenzene cation under the conditions of multipole collision cells of tandem mass spectrometers was studied computationally. The results were compared with the experimental data from earlier CID studies. The Monte Carlo method used includes simulation of the trajectories of night of the parent (n-C(4)H(9)C(6)H(5)(+)) and the product (C(7)H(7)(+) and C(7)H(8)(+)) ions in the electromagnetic field of multipole ion guides and collision cells, classical trajectory modeling of collisional activation and scattering of ions, and RRKM modeling of the parent ion decomposition. Experimental information on the energy dependences of the rates of the n-butylbenzene cation dissociation via two channels was used to create an RRKM model of the reaction. Effects of uncertainties in the critical parameters of the model of the reaction and the collision cells on the results of calculations were evaluated and shown to be minor. The results of modelin demonstrate a good agreement with experiment, providing support for the applied computational method in. general and the use of classical trajectory modeling of collisional activation of ions in particular.
C1 [Knyazev, Vadim D.; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Knyazev, Vadim D.] Catholic Univ Amer, Res Ctr Chem Kinet, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
RP Knyazev, VD (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM knyazev@cua.edu
NR 51
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Z9 5
U1 3
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD JUN 10
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 22
BP 6384
EP 6393
DI 10.1021/jp101526m
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 604TE
UT WOS:000278300600006
PM 20481494
ER

PT J
AU Meehan, J
   Fisher, G
   Murtagh, W
AF Meehan, Jennifer
   Fisher, Genene
   Murtagh, William
TI Understanding Space Weather Customers in GPS-Reliant Industries
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Meehan, Jennifer] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
   [Fisher, Genene] Amer Meteorol Soc, Washington, DC USA.
   [Murtagh, William] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Meehan, J (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
FU U.S. National Science Foundation
FX This work and J. Meehan's American Meteorological Society summer student
   fellowship were supported by a U.S. National Science Foundation grant.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD JUN 10
PY 2010
VL 8
AR S06003
DI 10.1029/2009SW000556
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
GA 610NR
UT WOS:000278740400001
ER

PT J
AU Quemener, G
   Bohn, JL
AF Quemener, Goulven
   Bohn, John L.
TI Electric field suppression of ultracold confined chemical reactions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID POLAR-MOLECULES; 2 DIMENSIONS; SCATTERING
AB We consider ultracold collisions of polar molecules confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Using a quantum scattering formalism and a frame transformation method, we calculate elastic and chemical quenching rate constants for fermionic molecules. Taking (40)K(87)Rb molecules as a prototype, we find that the rate of quenching collisions is enhanced at zero electric field as the confinement is increased but that this rate is suppressed when the electric field is turned on. For molecules with 500 nK of collision energy, for realistic molecular densities, and for achievable experimental electric fields and trap confinements, we predict lifetimes for KRb molecules to be 1 s. We find a ratio of elastic to quenching collision rates of about 100, which may be sufficient to achieve efficient evaporative cooling of polar KRb molecules.
C1 [Quemener, Goulven] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Quemener, G (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Multidisciplinary
   University Research Initiative [FA9550-09-1-0588]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of
   Scientific Research under the Multidisciplinary University Research
   Initiative Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0588. We also acknowledge the financial
   support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the
   National Science Foundation. We thank the JILA experimentalists D. Wang,
   M. H. G. de Miranda, B. Neyenhuis, A. Chotia, K.-K. Ni, S. Ospelkaus, J.
   Ye, and D. S. Jin and the JILA theorists J. P. D'Incao, C. H. Greene,
   and A. M. Rey for stimulating discussions. We also thank P. S. Julienne,
   S. Ronen, G. Pupillo, A. Micheli, P. Zoller, and C. Ticknor.
NR 26
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U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 9
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 6
AR 060701
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.060701
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 608AZ
UT WOS:000278555100001
ER

PT J
AU Lumata, LL
   Besara, T
   Kuhns, PL
   Reyes, AP
   Zhou, HD
   Wiebe, CR
   Balicas, L
   Jo, YJ
   Brooks, JS
   Takano, Y
   Case, MJ
   Qiu, Y
   Copley, JRD
   Gardner, JS
   Choi, KY
   Dalal, NS
   Hoch, MJR
AF Lumata, L. L.
   Besara, T.
   Kuhns, P. L.
   Reyes, A. P.
   Zhou, H. D.
   Wiebe, C. R.
   Balicas, L.
   Jo, Y. J.
   Brooks, J. S.
   Takano, Y.
   Case, M. J.
   Qiu, Y.
   Copley, J. R. D.
   Gardner, J. S.
   Choi, K. Y.
   Dalal, N. S.
   Hoch, M. J. R.
TI Low-temperature spin dynamics in the kagome system Pr3Ga5SiO14
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID TRIANGULAR LATTICE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ORDER; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNET;
   FRUSTRATION; LIQUID; STATE; MU(+); HE-3
AB Neutron-scattering measurements on a single crystal of the distorted kagome system Pr3Ga5SiO14 show that in zero magnetic field the system does not order magnetically at temperatures as low as 35 mK. The specific heat is found to exhibit T-2 behavior below 4 K. These results are indicative of a low-temperature two-dimensional dynamically disordered state in this geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet. Complementary in-field NMR experiments reveal that the spins remain dynamic down to millikelvin temperatures exhibiting spin-correlation times that are field dependent. The results are consistent with a field-dependent gap in the low-energy excitation spectrum. Diffuse neutron-scattering observations suggest that the application of a magnetic field induces dynamical short-range ordering.
C1 [Lumata, L. L.; Zhou, H. D.; Hoch, M. J. R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Lumata, L. L.; Besara, T.; Kuhns, P. L.; Reyes, A. P.; Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.; Balicas, L.; Jo, Y. J.; Brooks, J. S.; Case, M. J.; Choi, K. Y.; Dalal, N. S.; Hoch, M. J. R.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Besara, T.; Dalal, N. S.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
   [Takano, Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Lumata, LL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM ch.wiebe@uwinnipeg.ca
RI Lumata, Lloyd/C-8813-2011; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Zhou,
   Haidong/O-4373-2016; 
OI Lumata, Lloyd/0000-0002-3647-3753; Besara, Tiglet/0000-0002-2143-2254
FU NSF [DMR-0084173, DMR-0454672]; NSERC of Canada; EIEG; state of Florida
FX This work was made possible by support through the NSF (Grants No.
   DMR-0084173 and No. DMR-0454672), the EIEG pro-gram (FSU), NSERC of
   Canada, and the state of Florida. The authors are grateful for the local
   support staff at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. Data analysis was
   completed with DAVE, which can be obtained at
   http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/dave/. We are grateful for useful discussions
   with P. Schlottmann and J.E. Greedan.
NR 34
TC 13
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U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 9
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 22
AR 224416
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.224416
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 608BC
UT WOS:000278555400005
ER

PT J
AU Singh, S
   Basu, S
   Gupta, M
   Majkrzak, CF
   Kienzle, PA
AF Singh, Surendra
   Basu, Saibal
   Gupta, M.
   Majkrzak, C. F.
   Kienzle, P. A.
TI Growth kinetics of intermetallic alloy phase at the interfaces of a
   Ni/Al multilayer using polarized neutron and x-ray reflectometry
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILMS; SCATTERING; SURFACES
AB Al-Ni-based binary alloys offer several intermetallic phases of immense technological importance. We have attempted to understand the growth of interface alloy in an Al-Ni multilayer sample as a function of annealing time using primarily x-ray reflectometry (XRR) and polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR). Powder x-ray diffraction was also used to determine various crystallographic phases in the sample. The multilayer showed remarkable stability with respect to annealing time, following an initial alloy formation at the interface. Stability of such multilayers is important for their applicability as corrosion resistant coatings as well as metallization layers in microelectronic devices. Using XRR and PNR data we have identified the interface layer as Al(3)Ni intermetallic phase. Magnetic depth profile obtained from PNR shows that the interface alloy layer is magnetically dead. From the Bragg peak intensities of polarized neutron reflectivity measurements, we have estimated the diffusion lengths after annealing at 160 degrees C for 1-8 h.
C1 [Singh, Surendra; Basu, Saibal] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India.
   [Gupta, M.] UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Indore 452017, Madhya Pradesh, India.
   [Majkrzak, C. F.; Kienzle, P. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Singh, S (reprint author), Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India.
RI Singh, Surendra/E-5351-2011; Gupta, Mukul/G-8434-2012
OI Singh, Surendra/0000-0001-5482-9744; 
NR 24
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 9
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 23
AR 235413
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.235413
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 608BD
UT WOS:000278555500013
ER

PT J
AU Barnes, EA
   Hartmann, DL
   Frierson, DMW
   Kidston, J
AF Barnes, Elizabeth A.
   Hartmann, Dennis L.
   Frierson, Dargan M. W.
   Kidston, Joseph
TI Effect of latitude on the persistence of eddy-driven jets
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ANNULAR MODES; ATMOSPHERE; HEMISPHERE
AB An asymmetry in the persistence of the eddy-driven jet is demonstrated, whereby the equatorward-shifted (low-phase) jet is more persistent than the poleward-shifted (high-phase) jet. The asymmetry is investigated by stirring the non divergent vorticity equation on the sphere and is shown to arise due to the sphericity of the earth, which inhibits poleward wave breaking when the jet is at high latitudes. This spherical effect becomes increasingly important as the mean jet is positioned at higher latitudes. The persistence of the annular mode decreases as the mean jet moves closer to the pole due to the decreased persistence of the high-phase state, while the low-phase state exhibits similar persistence regardless of the jet position. These results suggest that with the expected poleward shift of the jet due to increasing greenhouse gases, the annular mode's total persistence will decrease due to a decrease in the persistence of the high-phase. Citation: Barnes, E. A., D. L. Hartmann, D. M. W. Frierson, and J. Kidston (2010), Effect of latitude on the persistence of eddy-driven jets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L11804, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043199.
C1 [Barnes, Elizabeth A.; Hartmann, Dennis L.; Frierson, Dargan M. W.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Kidston, Joseph] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08541 USA.
RP Barnes, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM eabarnes@atmos.washington.edu; dennis@atmos.washington.edu;
   dargan@atmos.washington.edu; joseph.kidston@noaa.gov
RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010; Barnes, Elizabeth/O-1790-2014
OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644; Barnes,
   Elizabeth/0000-0003-4284-9320
FU National Science Foundation [ATM 0409075]
FX This work supported by the Climate Dynamics Program of the National
   Science Foundation under grant ATM 0409075.
NR 12
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 8
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L11804
DI 10.1029/2010GL043199
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 610KQ
UT WOS:000278732000002
ER

PT J
AU Menne, MJ
   Williams, CN
   Palecki, MA
AF Menne, Matthew J.
   Williams, Claude N., Jr.
   Palecki, Michael A.
TI On the reliability of the US surface temperature record
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID HISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY NETWORK; UNITED-STATES; TIME; BIAS; STATIONS
AB Recent photographic documentation of poor siting conditions at stations in the U. S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) has led to questions regarding the reliability of surface temperature trends over the conterminous United States (CONUS). To evaluate the potential impact of poor siting/instrument exposure on CONUS temperatures, trends derived from poor and well sited USHCN stations were compared. Results indicate that there is a mean bias associated with poor exposure sites relative to good exposure sites; however, this bias is consistent with previously documented changes associated with the widespread conversion to electronic sensors in the USHCN during the last 25 years. Moreover, the sign of the bias is counterintuitive to photographic documentation of poor exposure because associated instrument changes have led to an artificial negative ("cool") bias in maximum temperatures and only a slight positive ("warm") bias in minimum temperatures. These results underscore the need to consider all changes in observation practice when determining the impacts of siting irregularities. Further, the influence of nonstandard siting on temperature trends can only be quantified through an analysis of the data. Adjustments applied to USHCN Version 2 data largely account for the impact of instrument and siting changes, although a small overall residual negative ("cool") bias appears to remain in the adjusted maximum temperature series. Nevertheless, the adjusted USHCN temperatures are extremely well aligned with recent measurements from instruments whose exposure characteristics meet the highest standards for climate monitoring. In summary, we find no evidence that the CONUS average temperature trends are inflated due to poor station siting.
C1 [Menne, Matthew J.; Williams, Claude N., Jr.; Palecki, Michael A.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Menne, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM matthew.menne@noaa.gov
FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of
   Energy [DE-AI02-96ER62276]
FX The authors wish to thank Anthony Watts and the many volunteers at
   surfacestations.org for their considerable efforts in documenting the
   current site characteristics of USHCN stations. The authors also thank
   Anthony Arguez for helpful comments on this manuscript. Partial support
   for this work was provided by the Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research, U.S. Department of Energy (interagency agreement
   DE-AI02-96ER62276).
NR 24
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 8
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D11108
DI 10.1029/2009JD013094
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 610KX
UT WOS:000278732700002
ER

PT J
AU Rutter, GM
   Guisinger, NP
   Crain, JN
   First, PN
   Stroscio, JA
AF Rutter, Gregory M.
   Guisinger, Nathan P.
   Crain, Jason N.
   First, Phillip N.
   Stroscio, Joseph A.
TI Edge structure of epitaxial graphene islands
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAPHITE; 6H-SIC(0001)
AB Graphene islands grown epitaxially on 6H-SiC(0001) were studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Under specific growth conditions, approximate to 10 nm single-layer graphene islands are observed on top of the SiC buffer layer and align with the SiC(0001)-1 x 1 lattice directions. Atomic-resolution images show that the edges of the island closely follow an armchair-edge configuration.
C1 [Rutter, Gregory M.; First, Phillip N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Rutter, Gregory M.; Guisinger, Nathan P.; Crain, Jason N.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP First, PN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM first@physics.gatech.edu; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov
FU NSF [DMR-0804908, DMR-0820382 (MRSEC)]
FX We would like to acknowledge helpful discussions with A. Zangwill. We
   thank Steve Blankenship, Alan Band, Dave Rutter, and Frank Hess for
   technical assistance. This work was supported in part by NSF [Grants No.
   DMR-0804908 and No. DMR-0820382 (MRSEC)].
NR 24
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 7
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 24
AR 245408
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.245408
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 607FA
UT WOS:000278483200005
ER

PT J
AU Stewart, JT
   Gaebler, JP
   Drake, TE
   Jin, DS
AF Stewart, J. T.
   Gaebler, J. P.
   Drake, T. E.
   Jin, D. S.
TI Verification of Universal Relations in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMS
AB Many-body fermion systems are important in many branches of physics, including condensed matter, nuclear, and now cold atom physics. In many cases, the interactions between fermions can be approximated by a contact interaction. A recent theoretical advance in the study of these systems is the derivation of a number of exact universal relations that are predicted to be valid for all interaction strengths, temperatures, and spin compositions. These equations, referred to as the Tan relations, relate a microscopic quantity, namely, the amplitude of the high-momentum tail of the fermion momentum distribution, to the thermodynamics of the many-body system. In this work, we provide experimental verification of the Tan relations in a strongly interacting gas of fermionic atoms by measuring both the microscopic and macroscopic quantities in the same system.
C1 [Stewart, J. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Stewart, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM gaeblerj@jila.colorado.edu
FU NSF; NIST
FX We acknowledge funding from the NSF and NIST. We thank A. Perali and G.
   C. Strinati for discussions.
NR 29
TC 118
Z9 118
U1 4
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 7
PY 2010
VL 104
IS 23
AR 235301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.235301
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 607DB
UT WOS:000278477600010
PM 20867250
ER

PT J
AU Perriman, AW
   Williams, DS
   Jackson, AJ
   Grillo, I
   Koomullil, JM
   Ghasparian, A
   Robinson, JA
   Mann, S
AF Perriman, Adam W.
   Williams, David S.
   Jackson, Andrew J.
   Grillo, Isabelle
   Koomullil, Jimy M.
   Ghasparian, Arin
   Robinson, John A.
   Mann, Stephen
TI Synthetic Viruslike Particles and Hybrid Constructs Based on Lipopeptide
   Self-Assembly
SO SMALL
LA English
DT Article
DE biomineralization; scattering; self-assembly; peptides; viruses
ID DIFFERENTIATION; NANOPARTICLES; SCATTERING; MOLECULES; DELIVERY;
   VACCINES; CELLS
C1 [Perriman, Adam W.; Williams, David S.; Mann, Stephen] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Ctr Organized Matter Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England.
   [Jackson, Andrew J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Grillo, Isabelle] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
   [Koomullil, Jimy M.; Ghasparian, Arin; Robinson, John A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Organ Chem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Mann, S (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Ctr Organized Matter Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England.
EM s.mann@bristol.ac.uk
RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Mann, Stephen/D-1332-2012; Perriman,
   Adam/C-1741-2017
OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Mann, Stephen/0000-0003-3012-8964;
   Perriman, Adam/0000-0003-2205-9364
FU EPSRC [EP/C518748/1]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Science
   and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
FX We thank EPSRC (Platform grant EP/C518748/1), the National Science
   Foundation (Agreement No. DMR-0454672) and the Science and Technology
   Facilities Council (STFC) for financial support, and the Institute
   Laue-Langevin (ILL) for providing beam-time and consumables.
NR 19
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 21
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1613-6810
J9 SMALL
JI Small
PD JUN 6
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 11
BP 1191
EP 1196
DI 10.1002/smll.200901186
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 612YG
UT WOS:000278941300005
PM 20461723
ER

PT J
AU Espirito-Santo, FDB
   Keller, M
   Braswell, B
   Nelson, BW
   Frolking, S
   Vicente, G
AF Espirito-Santo, F. D. B.
   Keller, M.
   Braswell, B.
   Nelson, B. W.
   Frolking, S.
   Vicente, G.
TI Storm intensity and old-growth forest disturbances in the Amazon region
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; GAP DISTURBANCES; LARGE BLOWDOWNS; IMPACT
AB We analyzed the pattern of large forest disturbances or blow-downs apparently caused by severe storms in a mostly unmanaged portion of the Brazilian Amazon using 27 Landsat images and daily precipitation estimates from NOAA satellite data. For each Landsat a spectral mixture analysis (SMA) was applied. Based on SMA, we detected and mapped 279 patches (from 5 ha to 2,223 ha) characteristic of blow-downs. A total of 21,931 ha of forest were disturbed. We found a strong correlation between occurrence of blow-downs and frequency of heavy rainfall (Spearman's rank, r(2) = 0.84, p < 0.0003). The recurrence intervals of large disturbances were estimated to be 90,000 yr for the eastern Amazon and 27,000 yr for the western Amazon. This suggests that weather patterns affect the frequency of large forest disturbances that may produce different rates of forest turnover in the eastern and western Amazon basin. Citation: Esp rito-Santo, F. D. B., M. Keller, B. Braswell, B. W. Nelson, S. Frolking, and G. Vicente (2010), Storm intensity and old-growth forest disturbances in the Amazon region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L11403, doi:10.1029/2010GL043146.
C1 [Espirito-Santo, F. D. B.; Keller, M.; Braswell, B.; Frolking, S.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Keller, M.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA.
   [Keller, M.] NEON Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
   [Braswell, B.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA.
   [Nelson, B. W.] Natl Inst Res Amazon, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
   [Vicente, G.] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Espirito-Santo, FDB (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, 8 Coll Rd,Room 481, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM f.delbon@gmail.com
RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Espirito-Santo, Fernando/O-4371-2014;
   Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016
OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Espirito-Santo,
   Fernando/0000-0001-7497-3639; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516
FU NASA Earth System Science Fellowship (NESSF) [NNX07AN84N]; NASA
FX This research was supported by the NASA Earth System Science Fellowship
   (NESSF) (grant NNX07AN84N) and the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program
   contribution to the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the
   Amazon (LBA).
NR 19
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 4
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L11403
DI 10.1029/2010GL043146
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 606UF
UT WOS:000278453100002
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, MH
   Gu, XH
   Lowther, SE
   Park, C
   Jean, YC
   Nguyen, T
AF Zhao, Minhua
   Gu, Xiaohong
   Lowther, Sharon E.
   Park, Cheol
   Jean, Y. C.
   Nguyen, Tinh
TI Subsurface characterization of carbon nanotubes in polymer composites
   via quantitative electric force microscopy
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; CONDUCTANCE MICROSCOPY; FIELD-EMISSION;
   NETWORKS
AB Subsurface characterization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in free-standing polymer composite films was achieved via quantitative electric force microscopy (EFM). The effects of relative humidity, EFM probe geometry, tip-sample distance and bias voltage on the EFM contrast were studied. Non-parabolic voltage dependence of the EFM signal of subsurface CNTs in polymer composites was observed and a new mechanism was proposed taking consideration of capacitive coupling as well as coulombic coupling. We anticipate that this quantitative EFM technique will be a useful tool for non-destructive subsurface characterization of high dielectric constant nanostructures in low dielectric constant matrices.
C1 [Zhao, Minhua; Gu, Xiaohong; Nguyen, Tinh] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Lowther, Sharon E.] NASA, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   [Park, Cheol] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   [Park, Cheol] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
   [Jean, Y. C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
RP Zhao, MH (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM minhua.zhao@nist.gov; tinh.nguyen@nist.gov
RI Zhao, Minhua/A-6678-2009
OI Zhao, Minhua/0000-0003-4880-1010
FU NIST/NIH(NIBIB)
FX The first author (MZ) acknowledges the support of a National Research
   Council Fellowship sponsored by NIST/NIH(NIBIB).
NR 46
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 24
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
EI 1361-6528
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD JUN 4
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 22
AR 225702
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/22/225702
PG 9
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 592UL
UT WOS:000277405900012
PM 20453284
ER

PT J
AU Gullans, M
   Krich, JJ
   Taylor, JM
   Bluhm, H
   Halperin, BI
   Marcus, CM
   Stopa, M
   Yacoby, A
   Lukin, MD
AF Gullans, M.
   Krich, J. J.
   Taylor, J. M.
   Bluhm, H.
   Halperin, B. I.
   Marcus, C. M.
   Stopa, M.
   Yacoby, A.
   Lukin, M. D.
TI Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in Double Quantum Dots
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; SPIN
AB We theoretically investigate the controlled dynamic polarization of lattice nuclear spins in GaAs double quantum dots containing two electrons. Three regimes of long-term dynamics are identified, including the buildup of a large difference in the Overhauser fields across the dots, the saturation of the nuclear polarization process associated with formation of so-called "dark states'', and the elimination of the difference field. We show that in the case of unequal dots, buildup of difference fields generally accompanies the nuclear polarization process, whereas for nearly identical dots, buildup of difference fields competes with polarization saturation in dark states. The elimination of the difference field does not, in general, correspond to a stable steady state of the polarization process.
C1 [Gullans, M.; Krich, J. J.; Bluhm, H.; Halperin, B. I.; Marcus, C. M.; Yacoby, A.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Taylor, J. M.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Taylor, J. M.] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20472 USA.
   [Taylor, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20472 USA.
   [Stopa, M.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Syst, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Gullans, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Krich, Jacob/B-4987-2009; Bluhm,
   Hendrik/D-3422-2014; Marcus, Charles/M-4526-2014; 
OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Bluhm, Hendrik/0000-0002-5224-7254;
   Marcus, Charles/0000-0003-2420-4692; Gullans,
   Michael/0000-0003-3974-2987
FU Harvard-MIT CUA; NSF; Physics Frontier Center; ARO
FX We thank S. Foletti, C. Barthel, M. Rudner, and I. Neder for valuable
   conversations. This work was supported by the Harvard-MIT CUA, the
   Fannie and John Hertz Foundation, Pappalardo, NSF, the Physics Frontier
   Center, and the ARO.
NR 30
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 4
PY 2010
VL 104
IS 22
AR 226807
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.226807
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 607DA
UT WOS:000278477500007
PM 20867197
ER

PT J
AU Song, LY
   Feng, D
   Lee, HJ
   Wang, CQ
   Wu, QY
   Zhao, DY
   Vogt, BD
AF Song, Lingyan
   Feng, Dan
   Lee, Hae-Jeong
   Wang, Chengqing
   Wu, Quanyan
   Zhao, Dongyuan
   Vogt, Bryan D.
TI Stabilizing Surfactant Templated Cylindrical Mesopores in Polymer and
   Carbon Films through Composite Formation with Silica Reinforcement
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN; SOL-GEL REACTION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING;
   ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID; X-RAY-SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; ELLIPSOMETRIC
   POROSIMETRY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; PYROLYSIS
AB A facile approach to maintain the periodic mesostructure of cylindrical pores in polymer-resin and carbon films after thermal template removal is explored through the reactive coassembly of resol (carbon precursor) and tetraethylorthosilicate (silica precursor) with triblock copolymer Pluronic F127. Without silica, a low porosity, disordered film is formed after pyrolysis despite the presence of an ordered mesostructure prior to template removal. However for silica concentration greater than 25 wt %, pyrolysis at 350 degrees C yields a mesoporous silica-polymer film with well-defined pore mesostructure. These films remain well ordered upon carbonization at 800 degrees C. In addition to the mesostructural stability, the addition of silica to the matrix impacts other morphological characteristics. For example, the average pore size and porosity of the films increase from 3.2 to 7.5 nm and 12 to 45%, respectively, as the concentration of silica in the wall matrix increases from 0 to 32 wt %. The improved thermal stability of the ordered mesostructure with the addition of silica to the matrix is attributed to the reinforcement of the mechanical properties leading to resistance to stress induced collapse of the mesostructure during template removal.
C1 [Feng, Dan; Zhao, Dongyuan] Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Lingyan; Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   [Feng, Dan; Zhao, Dongyuan] Fudan Univ, Adv Mat Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
   [Lee, Hae-Jeong; Wang, Chengqing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Wu, Quanyan] On Semicond, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA.
RP Zhao, DY (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
EM dyzhao@fudan.edu.cn; bryan.vogt@asu.edu
RI Zhao, Dongyuan/E-5796-2010; Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012
OI Zhao, Dongyuan/0000-0002-1642-2510; Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145
FU Center for Solid State Science; National Science Foundation
   [CBET-0746664, 20821140450]; Donors of the American Chemical Society
   Petroleum Research Fund [49218-DNI7]
FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the State of Arizona.
   Facilities supported by the Center for Solid State Science were used for
   the characterization of materials described herein. The authors
   acknowledge Barry O'Brien in Flexible Display Center at Arizona State
   University for assistance with FUR analysis. This work is partially
   supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.
   CBET-0746664 and NSF of China (20821140450). Acknowledgment is made to
   the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for
   partial support of this research through Grant No. 49218-DNI7.
NR 37
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 32
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD JUN 3
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 21
BP 9618
EP 9626
DI 10.1021/jp1003825
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 600RC
UT WOS:000278003700012
ER

PT J
AU Verdal, N
   Hartman, MR
   Jenkins, T
   DeVries, DJ
   Rush, JJ
   Udovic, TJ
AF Verdal, Nina
   Hartman, Michael R.
   Jenkins, Timothy
   DeVries, Daniel J.
   Rush, John J.
   Udovic, Terrence J.
TI Reorientational Dynamics of NaBH4 and KBH4
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYDROGEN STORAGE; ALKALI BOROHYDRIDES;
   PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SODIUM; DESTABILIZATION; SPECTROMETER; DIFFRACTION;
   POTASSIUM; KINETICS
AB The details of the rotational dynamics of borohydride ions in both the ordered and disordered crystal phases of NaBH4 and in the disordered crystal phase of KBH4 were determined by quasielastic neutron scattering (QNS). Model fits of the QNS data indicate that the BH4- tetrahedron in the ordered phase of NaBH4 rotates with a combination of 2-site and 3-site reorientations that preserve its crystallographic orientation. The QNS results for the disordered phases are well described by a model assuming nearest-neighbor BH4- jumps from one corner to another of a cube formed by eight hydrogen positions of half occupancy. Distinguishing between likely mechanisms for reorientation was made possible by collecting data at sufficiently high momentum transfer. The activation energies derived for the low-temperature and high-temperature phases of NaBH4 are 13.4 +/- 0.8 and 11.9 +/- 0.5 kJ/mol, respectively. We find an activation energy for KBH4 of 14.6 +/- 0.5 kJ/mol in the high-temperature phase. The torsional vibration bands of both borohydrides were also measured by inelastic neutron scattering.
C1 [Verdal, Nina; Jenkins, Timothy; Rush, John J.; Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Hartman, Michael R.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [DeVries, Daniel J.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands.
   [Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Verdal, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nina.verdal@nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; DOE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104]
FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science
   Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. This work was partially
   supported by the DOE through Award No. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 within the
   EERE-supported Metal Hydride Center of Excellence. We thank Tuner
   Yildirim for helpful discussions.
NR 29
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD JUN 3
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 21
BP 10027
EP 10033
DI 10.1021/jp1006473
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 600RC
UT WOS:000278003700066
ER

PT J
AU Clarke, ML
   Chou, SG
   Hwang, J
AF Clarke, Matthew L.
   Chou, Shin Grace
   Hwang, Jeeseong
TI Monitoring Photothermally Excited Nanoparticles via Multimodal
   Microscopy
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; QUANTUM DOTS; FLUORESCENCE;
   PARTICLES; THERMOMETRY; NANOSHELLS; NANORODS; PROBES; TRAP
AB Generation of heat using optically excited nanoparticles can be beneficial or detrimental depending on the application. Therefore, clinically applicable studies are being pursued in an effort to identify safe practices of nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia for the treatment of cancerous tissues using optical radiation. The imaging and characterization of localized heat production resulting from optically excited nanoparticles on both cellular and tissue levels is important for determination of nanoparticle dosage and optimal conditions for the radiation. In this report, we present a multimodal imaging method to monitor the local temperature change induced by photothermally excited, biologically relevant gold nanoshell clusters on the micrometer scale using two types of temperature-sensitive fluorescent reporters: Indo-1 or semiconductor quantum dots. The photoinduced heat flux from gold nanoshells is observed to be dependent on the dynamic motion of nanoparticles in the induced thermal gradient, with phenomena such as nanoparticle focusing strongly influencing the local temperature elevation.
C1 [Clarke, Matthew L.; Chou, Shin Grace; Hwang, Jeeseong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hwang, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8443, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jch@nist.gov
FU National Research Council; NIST
FX The authors thank Naomi Halas at Rice University for the donation of the
   gold nanoshells. Additionally, we thank Rani Kishore, Brooke Hester,
   Kris Helmerson, and HyeongGon Kang at NIST and Zhuomin Zhang, David
   Citrin, and Nazli Donmezer of Georgia Institute of Technology for
   helpful discussions. S.G.C. was supported and M.L.C. was partially
   supported by a National Research Council Fellowship. J.H. was supported
   by the NIST Innovation in Measurement Science Program. Certain
   commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this
   paper to foster understanding and does not imply recommendation or
   endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment
   identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1948-7185
J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT
JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
PD JUN 3
PY 2010
VL 1
IS 11
BP 1743
EP 1748
DI 10.1021/jz100490e
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 606II
UT WOS:000278416700013
ER

PT J
AU Kim, K
   Chang, MS
   Korenblit, S
   Islam, R
   Edwards, EE
   Freericks, JK
   Lin, GD
   Duan, LM
   Monroe, C
AF Kim, K.
   Chang, M. -S.
   Korenblit, S.
   Islam, R.
   Edwards, E. E.
   Freericks, J. K.
   Lin, G. -D.
   Duan, L. -M.
   Monroe, C.
TI Quantum simulation of frustrated Ising spins with trapped ions
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION; SYSTEMS; GLASSES; ANYONS; STATE
AB A network is frustrated when competing interactions between nodes prevent each bond from being satisfied. This compromise is central to the behaviour of many complex systems, from social(1) and neural(2) networks to protein folding(3) and magnetism(4,5). Frustrated networks have highly degenerate ground states, with excess entropy and disorder even at zero temperature. In the case of quantum networks, frustration can lead to massively entangled ground states, underpinning exotic materials such as quantum spin liquids and spin glasses(6-9). Here we realize a quantum simulation of frustrated Ising spins in a system of three trapped atomic ions(10-12), whose interactions are precisely controlled using optical forces(13). We study the ground state of this system as it adiabatically evolves from a transverse polarized state, and observe that frustration induces extra degeneracy. We also measure the entanglement in the system, finding a link between frustration and ground-state entanglement. This experimental system can be scaled to simulate larger numbers of spins, the ground states of which (for frustrated interactions) cannot be simulated on a classical computer.
C1 [Kim, K.; Chang, M. -S.; Korenblit, S.; Islam, R.; Edwards, E. E.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Kim, K.; Chang, M. -S.; Korenblit, S.; Islam, R.; Edwards, E. E.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
   [Lin, G. -D.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Lin, G. -D.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Kim, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM khkim@umd.edu
RI Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Chang,
   Ming-Shien/F-7922-2012; 
OI Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165
FU US Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF0710576, W911NF0410234]; US
   National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF Physics Frontier Center at the
   Joint Quantum Institute
FX We acknowledge discussions with J. Moore, M. Newman, J. Wang and S. Das
   Sarma. This work is supported by US Army Research Office (ARO) award
   W911NF0710576 with funds from the Defense Advanced Research Projects
   Agency Optical Lattice Emulator programme, the Intelligence Advanced
   Research Projects Agency under ARO award W911NF0410234, the US National
   Science Foundation (NSF) Physics at the Information Frontier programme
   and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute.
NR 29
TC 329
Z9 330
U1 5
U2 67
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUN 3
PY 2010
VL 465
IS 7298
BP 590
EP U81
DI 10.1038/nature09071
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 604AF
UT WOS:000278249000035
PM 20520708
ER

PT J
AU Sisan, DR
   Yarar, D
   Waterman, CM
   Urbach, JS
AF Sisan, Daniel R.
   Yarar, Defne
   Waterman, Clare M.
   Urbach, Jeffrey S.
TI Event Ordering in Live-Cell Imaging Determined from Temporal
   Cross-Correlation Asymmetry
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SIGNALING NETWORKS; LIVING CELLS;
   ENDOCYTOSIS; NOISE
AB We use the temporal asymmetry of the cross-correlation function to determine the temporal ordering of spatially localized cellular events in live-cell multichannel fluorescence imaging. The analysis is well suited to noisy, stochastic systems where the temporal order may not be apparent in the raw data. The approach is applicable to any biochemical reaction not in chemical equilibrium, including protein complex assembly, sequential enzymatic processes, gene regulation, and other cellular signaling events. As an automated quantitative measure, this approach allows the data to be readily interpreted statistically with minimal subjective biases. We first test the technique using simulations of simple biophysical models with a definite temporal ordering. We then demonstrate the approach by extracting the temporal ordering of three proteins actin, sorting nexin 9, and clathrin-in the endocytic pathway.
C1 [Sisan, Daniel R.; Urbach, Jeffrey S.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
   [Yarar, Defne] Whitehead Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA.
   [Waterman, Clare M.] NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Sisan, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dan.sisan@gmail.com
OI Urbach, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1593-520X; Waterman, Clare/0000-0001-6142-6775
FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0353030]; Air Force Office of
   Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0130]
FX This project was supported by National Science Foundation grant
   DBI-0353030 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant
   FA9550-07-1-0130.
NR 24
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
EI 1542-0086
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD JUN 2
PY 2010
VL 98
IS 11
BP 2432
EP 2441
DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.02.041
PG 10
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 606LW
UT WOS:000278427500005
PM 20513386
ER

PT J
AU Lawrence, NT
   Kehoe, JM
   Hoffman, DB
   Marks, C
   Yarbrough, JM
   Atkinson, GM
   Register, RA
   Fasolka, MJ
   Trawick, ML
AF Lawrence, Nathaniel T.
   Kehoe, Jill M.
   Hoffman, David B.
   Marks, Carolyn
   Yarbrough, John M.
   Atkinson, Gary M.
   Register, Richard A.
   Fasolka, Michael J.
   Trawick, Matthew L.
TI Combinatorial Mapping of Substrate Step Edge Effects on Diblock
   Copolymer Thin Film Morphology and Orientation
SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE alignment; diblock copolymers; graphoepitaxy; phase behavior;
   self-assembly; thin films
ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ORDER
AB We have used a combinatorial gradient technique to map precisely how the terrace structure and microdomain lattice alignment in a thin film of a sphere-forming diblock copolymer are affected by both the thickness of the copolymer film and the height of a series of parallel step edges fabricated on the substrate. We find that for film thicknesses slightly incommensurate with integer numbers of sphere layers, the step edges act as nucleation sites for regions with one more or one fewer layers of spheres. We also find that for our system, the hexagonal lattice formed by a single layer of spheres on the low side of a step edge is aligned along the direction of the step edge only where the film on the high side is sufficiently thin to support only a wetting layer of copolymer material. This work will guide the tuning of film thickness and step height in future studies and applications of graphoepitaxy in block copolymer films.
C1 [Lawrence, Nathaniel T.; Kehoe, Jill M.; Hoffman, David B.; Trawick, Matthew L.] Univ Richmond, Dept Phys, Gottwald Sci Ctr, Richmond, VA 23173 USA.
   [Marks, Carolyn] Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Gottwald Sci Ctr, Richmond, VA 23173 USA.
   [Yarbrough, John M.; Atkinson, Gary M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA.
   [Register, Richard A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Fasolka, Michael J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Trawick, ML (reprint author), Univ Richmond, Dept Phys, Gottwald Sci Ctr, Richmond, VA 23173 USA.
EM mtrawick@richmond.edu
FU National Science Foundation through the Princeton Center for Complex
   Materials [DMR-0819860]; Research Corporation for Science Advancement;
   American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [46380-GB7]
FX We are grateful to John M. Sebastian for assistance in the synthesis and
   characterization of the PS-PEP diblock, which was supported by the
   National Science Foundation through the Princeton Center for Complex
   Materials (DMR-0819860). This research is supported by an award from
   Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and by the American
   Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund through grant number 46380-GB7.
   Certain commercial equipment are identified in this document. Such
   identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
   National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
   the products identified are necessarily the best available for the
   purpose.
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 9
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1022-1336
J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM
JI Macromol. Rapid Commun.
PD JUN 2
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 11
BP 1003
EP 1009
DI 10.1002/marc.200900912
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 614ZU
UT WOS:000279099300007
PM 21590850
ER

PT J
AU Hu, AZ
   Mathey, L
   Williams, CJ
   Clark, CW
AF Hu, Anzi
   Mathey, L.
   Williams, Carl J.
   Clark, Charles W.
TI Noise correlations of one-dimensional Bose mixtures in optical lattices
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; HARD-CORE BOSONS; ATOMS
AB We study the noise correlations of one-dimensional binary Bose mixtures, as a probe of their quantum phases. In previous work [Phys. Rev. A 80, 023619 (2009)], we found a rich structure of many-body phases in such mixtures, such as paired and counterflow superfluidity. Here we investigate the signature of these phases in the noise correlations of the atomic cloud after time-of-flight expansion, using both Luttinger liquid theory and the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) method. We find that paired and counterflow superfluidity exhibit distinctive features in the noise spectra. We treat both extended and inhomogeneous systems, and our numerical work shows that the essential physics of the extended systems is present in the trapped-atom systems of current experimental interest. For paired and counterflow superfluid phases, we suggest methods for extracting Luttinger parameters from noise correlation spectroscopy.
C1 [Hu, Anzi] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hu, AZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Mathey,
   Ludwig/A-9644-2009
OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; 
FU National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center
   [PHY-0822671]; NRC/NIST
FX We thank I. Danshita for useful discussions. This work was supported by
   the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No.
   PHY-0822671. L. M. acknowledges support from NRC/NIST.
NR 51
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 2
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 6
AR 063602
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.063602
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 604TC
UT WOS:000278300400003
ER

PT J
AU Ehlers, G
   Greedan, JE
   Stewart, JR
   Rule, KC
   Fouquet, P
   Cornelius, AL
   Adriano, C
   Pagliuso, PG
   Qiu, Y
   Gardner, JS
AF Ehlers, G.
   Greedan, J. E.
   Stewart, J. R.
   Rule, K. C.
   Fouquet, P.
   Cornelius, A. L.
   Adriano, C.
   Pagliuso, P. G.
   Qiu, Y.
   Gardner, J. S.
TI High-resolution neutron scattering study of Tb2Mo2O7: A geometrically
   frustrated spin glass
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID PYROCHLORE Y2MO2O7; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS; DISORDER; OXIDES; ECHO
AB The low-temperature magnetic properties of Tb2Mo2O7 have been studied with bulk susceptibility measurements and with elastic and high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering. This system is a spin glass with a freezing temperature T-g similar to 25 K. A reverse Monte Carlo simulation of the neutron diffraction data shows weak ferromagnetic near-neighbor spatial correlations that do not extend beyond <= 10 angstrom. Neutron measurements of the spin dynamics reveal a slowing down with decreasing temperature without an anomaly at the glass transition. A low-lying Q-independent mode is seen at h omega(0) similar to 0.28 meV. This dispersionless crystal electric field transition is measurable up to 60 K.
C1 [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Greedan, J. E.] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
   [Greedan, J. E.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
   [Stewart, J. R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
   [Rule, K. C.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
   [Fouquet, P.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
   [Cornelius, A. L.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
   [Adriano, C.; Pagliuso, P. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
   [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Qiu, Y.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Ehlers, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Bldg 8600, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM ehlersg@ornl.gov
RI Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017;
   Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Fouquet,
   Peter/B-5212-2008; Stewart, Ross/C-4194-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013
OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Fouquet, Peter/0000-0002-5542-0059;
   Stewart, Ross/0000-0003-0053-0178; 
FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR0454672]
FX This Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron
   Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office
   of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The NCNR is in part
   funded by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No.
   DMR0454672. We thank A. D. Lozano-Gorrin and S. Derahkshan for sample
   preparation. J.E.G. thanks NSERC. The authors are grateful for the local
   support staff at the ILL and at NIST.
NR 42
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U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 2
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 22
AR 224405
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.224405
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 604TH
UT WOS:000278300900006
ER

PT J
AU Li, YC
   Schulz, J
   Mannen, S
   Delhom, C
   Condon, B
   Chang, S
   Zammarano, M
   Grunlan, JC
AF Li, Yu-Chin
   Schulz, Jessica
   Mannen, Sarah
   Delhom, Chris
   Condon, Brian
   Chang, SeChin
   Zammarano, Mauro
   Grunlan, Jaime C.
TI Flame Retardant Behavior of Polyelectrolyte-Clay Thin Film Assemblies on
   Cotton Fabric
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE layer-by-layer assembly; clay; nanocomposites; vertical flame test;
   flame retardant; cotton fabric
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT;
   LAYER; MULTILAYERS; COMBUSTION; RESINS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; CONSTRUCTION;
   FLAMMABILITY
AB Cotton fabric was treated with flame-retardant coatings composed of branched polyethyenimine (BPEI) and sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay, prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Four coating recipes were created by exposing fabric to aqueous solutions of BPEI (pH 7 or 10) and MMT (0.2 or 1 wt %). BPEI pH 10 produces the thickest films, while 1 wt % MMT gives the highest clay loading. Each coating recipe was evaluated at Sand 20 bilayers. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that coated fabrics left as much as 13% char after heating to 500 degrees C, nearly 2 orders of magnitude more than uncoated fabric, with less than 4 wt % coming from the coating itself. These coatings also reduced afterglow time in vertical flame tests. Postburn residues of coated fabrics were examined with SEM and revealed that the weave structure and fiber shape in all coated fabrics were preserved. The BPEI pH 7/1 wt % MMT recipe was most effective. Microcombustion calorimeter testing showed that all coated fabrics reduced the total heat release and heat release capacity of the fabric. Fiber count and strength of uncoated and coated fabric are similar. These results demonstrate that LbL assembly is a relatively simple method for imparting flame-retardant behavior to cotton fabric. This work lays the foundation for using these types of thin film assemblies to make a variety of complex substrates (foam, fabrics, etc.) flame resistant.
C1 [Li, Yu-Chin; Schulz, Jessica; Mannen, Sarah; Grunlan, Jaime C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Delhom, Chris; Condon, Brian; Chang, SeChin] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA.
   [Zammarano, Mauro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Grunlan, JC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM jgrunlan@tamu.edu
RI Li, Yu-Chin/I-6876-2012; Grunlan, Jaime/K-3242-2016; 
OI Grunlan, Jaime/0000-0001-5241-9741; Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110
FU Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute
   of Standards and Technology (NIST)
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Building and Fire Research
   Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology
   (NIST) for financial support of this work. The authors also thank Dr. Y.
   S. Kim for assistance with SEM imaging.
NR 59
TC 151
Z9 155
U1 27
U2 180
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 4
IS 6
BP 3325
EP 3337
DI 10.1021/nn100467e
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 612HU
UT WOS:000278888600049
PM 20496883
ER

PT J
AU Dugan, PJ
   Barlow, C
   Agostinho, AA
   Baran, E
   Cada, GF
   Chen, DQ
   Cowx, IG
   Ferguson, JW
   Jutagate, T
   Mallen-Cooper, M
   Marmulla, G
   Nestler, J
   Petrere, M
   Welcomme, RL
   Winemiller, KO
AF Dugan, Patrick J.
   Barlow, Chris
   Agostinho, Angelo A.
   Baran, Eric
   Cada, Glenn F.
   Chen, Daqing
   Cowx, Ian G.
   Ferguson, John W.
   Jutagate, Tuantong
   Mallen-Cooper, Martin
   Marmulla, Gerd
   Nestler, John
   Petrere, Miguel
   Welcomme, Robin L.
   Winemiller, Kirk O.
TI Fish Migration, Dams, and Loss of Ecosystem Services in the Mekong Basin
SO AMBIO
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Mekong; Inland fisheries; Fish migration; Dams; Ecosystem services;
   River development
ID SUSTAINABILITY; RIVER
AB The past decade has seen increased international recognition of the importance of the services provided by natural ecosystems. It is unclear however whether such international awareness will lead to improved environmental management in many regions. We explore this issue by examining the specific case of fish migration and dams on the Mekong river. We determine that dams on the Mekong mainstem and major tributaries will have a major impact on the basin's fisheries and the people who depend upon them for food and income. We find no evidence that current moves towards dam construction will stop, and consider two scenarios for the future of the fisheries and other ecosystems of the basin. We conclude that major investment is required in innovative technology to reduce the loss of ecosystem services, and alternative livelihood strategies to cope with the losses that do occur.
C1 [Dugan, Patrick J.] WorldFish Ctr, George Town 10670, Malaysia.
   [Barlow, Chris] Australian Ctr Int Agr Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
   [Agostinho, Angelo A.] Fundacao Univ Estadual Maringa, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
   [Baran, Eric] WorldFish Ctr, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
   [Cada, Glenn F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Chen, Daqing] Yangtze River Fisheries Res Inst, Jingzhou City, Peoples R China.
   [Cowx, Ian G.] Hull Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England.
   [Ferguson, John W.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Jutagate, Tuantong] Ubon Ratchathani Univ, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
   [Mallen-Cooper, Martin] Fishway Consulting Serv, St Ives Chase, NSW 2075, Australia.
   [Marmulla, Gerd] Food & Agr Org United Nat, Rome, Italy.
   [Nestler, John] USA Corps Engn, Concord, MA USA.
   [Petrere, Miguel] Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, Brazil.
   [Winemiller, Kirk O.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Dugan, PJ (reprint author), WorldFish Ctr, George Town 10670, Malaysia.
EM p.dugan@cgiar.org
RI Agostinho, Angelo Antonio/D-5888-2013; Inau, Inct/J-9853-2013; 
OI Agostinho, Angelo Antonio/0000-0002-4707-9444; Winemiller,
   Kirk/0000-0003-0236-5129
NR 39
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U1 6
U2 82
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-7447
EI 1654-7209
J9 AMBIO
JI Ambio
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 4
BP 344
EP 348
DI 10.1007/s13280-010-0036-1
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 649GI
UT WOS:000281755800010
PM 20799685
ER

PT J
AU Rahman, A
   Krakauer, N
   Roytman, L
   Goldberg, M
   Kogan, F
AF Rahman, Atiqur
   Krakauer, Nir
   Roytman, Leonid
   Goldberg, Mitch
   Kogan, Felix
TI Application of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-based
   Vegetation Health Indices for Estimation of Malaria Cases
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BANGLADESH
AB Satellite data may be used to map climatic conditions conducive to malaria outbreaks, assisting in the targeting of public health interventions to mitigate the worldwide increase in incidence of the mosquito-transmitted disease. This work analyzes correlation between malaria cases and vegetation health (VH) indices derived from satellite remote sensing for each week over a period of 14 years for Bandarban, Bangladesh. Correlation analysis showed that years with a high summer temperature condition index (TCI) tended to be those with high malaria incidence. Principal components regression was performed on patterns of weekly TCI during each of the two annual malaria seasons to construct a model as a function of the TCI. These models reduced the malaria estimation error variance by 57% if first-peak (June July) TCI was used as the estimator and 74% if second-peak (August September) was used, compared with an estimation of average number of malaria cases for each year.
C1 [Rahman, Atiqur; Krakauer, Nir; Roytman, Leonid] CUNY City Coll, NOA CREST, New York, NY USA.
   [Goldberg, Mitch; Kogan, Felix] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv NOAA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Rahman, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOA CREST, New York, NY USA.
EM fmatiq@gmail.com; nkakauer@ccny.cuny.edu; lenroytman@verizon.net;
   Mitch.Goldberg@noaa.gov; Felix.Kogan@noaa.gov
RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X
FU National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS)
   [NA07NES4280009]
FX This study is supported by grants from National Environmental Satellite
   Data and Information Service (NESDIS), award NA07NES4280009.
NR 23
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U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 6
BP 1004
EP 1009
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0201
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 606XP
UT WOS:000278462600007
PM 20519592
ER

PT J
AU Sperling, BA
   Kimes, WA
   Maslar, JE
AF Sperling, Brent A.
   Kimes, William A.
   Maslar, James E.
TI Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy during atomic layer
   deposition of HfO2 films from tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium and
   water
SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Atomic layer deposition; Hafnium dioxide; In situ diagnostics; Infrared
   spectroscopy
ID THIN-FILMS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; VAPOR-PRESSURE; ADSORPTION; HAFNIUM;
   PRECURSORS; SILICA; SIO2; TETRAKIS(DIMETHYLAMIDO)TITANIUM; TEMPERATURE
AB Tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium and water are commonly used precursors for atomic layer deposition of HfO2. Using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy with a buried-metal-layer substrate, we probe surface species present during typical deposition conditions. We observe evidence for thermal decomposition of alkylamido ligands at 320 degrees C. Additionally, we find that complete saturation of the SiO2 substrate occurs in the first cycle at approximate to 100 degrees C whereas incomplete coverage is apparent even after many cycles at higher temperatures. The use of this technique as an in situ diagnostic useful for process optimization is demonstrated. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Sperling, Brent A.; Kimes, William A.; Maslar, James E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sperling, BA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM brent.sperling@nist.gov
NR 37
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U1 4
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-4332
J9 APPL SURF SCI
JI Appl. Surf. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 256
IS 16
BP 5035
EP 5041
DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.050
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics,
   Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 586RL
UT WOS:000276929600031
ER

PT J
AU Sales, G
   Giffoni, BB
   Fiedler, FN
   Azevedo, VG
   Kotas, JE
   Swimmer, Y
   Bugoni, L
AF Sales, Gilberto
   Giffoni, Bruno B.
   Fiedler, Fernando N.
   Azevedo, Venancio G.
   Kotas, Jorge E.
   Swimmer, Yonat
   Bugoni, Leandro
TI Circle hook effectiveness for the mitigation of sea turtle bycatch and
   capture of target species in a Brazilian pelagic longline fishery
SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE loggerhead sea turtle; leatherback sea turtle; incidental capture;
   mitigation measures; circle hook
ID LOGGERHEAD CARETTA-CARETTA; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA;
   BY-CATCH; RELEASE FISHERIES; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; SEABIRD BYCATCH;
   ATLANTIC-OCEAN; REDUCE; MARINE
AB 1. Incidental catches by the pelagic longline fishery is a major global threat for loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles.
   2. The reduction of incidental capture and post-release mortality of sea turtles in the Brazilian pelagic longline fishery, operating in the south-western Atlantic Ocean, was investigated by comparing the performance of 18/0 circle hooks with 9/0 J-type (control) hooks. Hook selectivity experiments were performed between 2004 and 2008, in a total of 26 trips, 229 sets and 145 828 hooks. The experimental design included alternating control and experimental hooks along sections of the mainline.
   3. An overall decrease in capture rates for loggerhead turtles of 55% and for leatherbacks of 65% were observed when using circle hooks. In addition, deep-hooking in loggerheads decreased significantly from 25% using J-hooks to 5.8% with circle hooks, potentially increasing post-release survival.
   4. Circle hooks increased catch rates of most of the main target species, including tunas (bigeye Thunnus obesus and albacore T. alalunga), and sharks (blue Prionace glauca and requiem sharks of the genus Carcharinus), with no difference in the capture rates of yellowfin tuna (T. albacares), shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini and S. zygaena), and dolphinfish or mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). On the other hand, a significant decrease in the capture rate of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) was detected when using circle hooks.
   5. Overall, results support the effectiveness of using circle hooks for the conservation of loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles, with positive effects on capture of most target species of the south-western Atlantic longline fishery. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Bugoni, Leandro] Univ Fed Pelotas, Inst Biol, BR-96010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
   [Sales, Gilberto; Fiedler, Fernando N.] Ctr TAMAR ICMBio, BR-88301700 Itajai, SC, Brazil.
   [Sales, Gilberto; Fiedler, Fernando N.] Fundacao Pro TAMAR, BR-88301700 Itajai, SC, Brazil.
   [Giffoni, Bruno B.] Projeto Tamar Fundacao Pro Tamar, BR-11680000 Ubatuba, SP, Brazil.
   [Azevedo, Venancio G.] Inst Pesca APTA SAA, BR-11680000 Ubatuba, SP, Brazil.
   [Kotas, Jorge E.] CEPSUL ICMBio, Ctr Pesquisa & Gestao Recursos Pesqueiros Litoral, BR-88301700 Itajai, SC, Brazil.
   [Swimmer, Yonat] US NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Bugoni, L (reprint author), Univ Fed Pelotas, Inst Biol, Campus Univ Capao Leao,CP 354, BR-96010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
EM lbugoni@yahoo.com.br
RI Bugoni, Leandro/F-9539-2012; Azevedo, Venancio/J-6108-2014; 
OI Bugoni, Leandro/0000-0003-0689-7026
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Marine
   Fisheries Service; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Joint
   Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research of the University of
   Hawaii; Petrobras
FX This study was partially sponsored and funded by the National Oceanic
   and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries
   Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and the Joint
   Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research of the University of
   Hawaii. The support of captains and crew, fishing companies Akira and
   Itafish, and onboard observers was essential throughout this study. Dr
   P.C.R. Barata provided important statistical support during this study
   and comments on an early draft. CEPSUL/ICMBio provided logistic support
   during this study, both on land and onboard the R/V Soloncy Moura.
   Projeto TAMAR is a conservation programme of the Brazilian Ministry of
   the Environment, affiliated with ICMBio (Brazilian Institute for
   Biodiversity Conservation - Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da
   Biodiversidade), co-managed by Fundacao Pro-Tamar and officially
   sponsored by Petrobras.
NR 54
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U1 3
U2 37
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1052-7613
J9 AQUAT CONSERV
JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 4
BP 428
EP 436
DI 10.1002/aqc.1106
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 624ME
UT WOS:000279822100008
ER

PT J
AU Swimmer, Y
   Arauz, R
   Wang, J
   Suter, J
   Musyl, M
   Bolanos, A
   Lopez, A
AF Swimmer, Yonat
   Arauz, Randall
   Wang, John
   Suter, Jenny
   Musyl, Michael
   Bolanos, Allan
   Lopez, Andres
TI Comparing the effects of offset and non-offset circle hooks on catch
   rates of fish and sea turtles in a shallow longline fishery
SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE sea turtles; longline fishing; bycatch mitigation; sea turtle fisheries
   bycatch; circle hook offsets
ID PELAGIC LONGLINES; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; BY-CATCH; LOGGERHEAD;
   MORTALITY; REDUCE; BEHAVIOR; RELEASE; MARINE; BAIT
AB 1. This study compared the catch rates of targeted dolphin fish or mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus), and sea turtles and other fish bycatch in a shallow-set Costa Rican longline fishery using 14/0 circle hooks with and without a 101 offset. The effect of hook offset on hooking location and injury in captured sea turtles, specifically if the hooking was external, in the mouth, or in the esophagus was also evaluated.
   2. Results were compared from six trips totalling 33 876 hooks with squid (Dosidicus gigas) used as bait. In total, mahimahi catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE, expressed as number caught per 1000 hooks) was similar between hook types (CPUE similar to 52).
   3. Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) were caught on all 42 sets. In total, 640 olive ridley turtles were caught and released alive. There were no significant differences in the number of sea turtles caught between hooks with and without an offset (CPUE similar to 19) nor between hook type and anatomical hooking location, suggesting similar levels of injury for turtles caught on each hook type.
   4. These data suggest that a 101 offset on 14/0 circle hooks does not confer any selective advantages over hooks with no offset with respect to capture rates of mahimahi, sea turtles, sharks, or pelagic stingrays in a shallow set pelagic longline fishery. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Swimmer, Yonat] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Arauz, Randall; Bolanos, Allan; Lopez, Andres] Programa Restaurac Tortugas Marinas PRETOMA, San Jose, Costa Rica.
   [Wang, John; Musyl, Michael] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Swimmer, Y (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM Yonat.Swimmer@noaa.gov
FU University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research
   (JIMAR) [658329]; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National
   Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration Research (PIFSC/NMFS/NOAA)
FX We are extremely grateful for the assistance of M. Brag, owner of
   Papagayo Seafood, Captain R. Fallas and the fishing crew of the F/V Don
   Christopher, as well as to L. McNaughton, R. Brill, C. Boggs and L.
   Nakamura. This project was partially funded by the University of Hawaii
   Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR; Grant
   658329) and by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National
   Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration Research (PIFSC/NMFS/NOAA). All research was conducted in
   accordance with the protocols and handling guidelines set forth by the
   University of Hawaii Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Protocol
   00-037-2). The authors wish to acknowledge use of the Maptool program
   for analysis and graphics in this paper. Maptool is a product of
   SEATURTLE. ORG (information is available at www.seaturtle.org). K.
   Bigelow and C. Empey Campora edited earlier drafts of this manuscript,
   but any errors of omission or commission are solely ours. The authors or
   their agencies do not necessarily approve, recommend, or endorse any
   proprietary hardware or software mentioned in this publication. The
   views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily
   reflect the views of their agencies.
NR 39
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U1 3
U2 14
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1052-7613
J9 AQUAT CONSERV
JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 4
BP 445
EP 451
DI 10.1002/aqc.1108
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 624ME
UT WOS:000279822100010
ER

PT J
AU Keul, N
   Morse, JW
   Wanninkhof, R
   Gledhill, DK
   Bianchi, TS
AF Keul, Nina
   Morse, John W.
   Wanninkhof, Rik
   Gledhill, Dwight K.
   Bianchi, Thomas S.
TI Carbonate Chemistry Dynamics of Surface Waters in the Northern Gulf of
   Mexico
SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Gulf of Mexico; Aragonite saturation state; Ocean acidification;
   Mississippi/Atchafalaya Rivers
ID CHANGJIANG YANGTZE-RIVER; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CO2; SEAWATER; DIOXIDE;
   OCEAN; PLUME; ACID; SEA; DISSOCIATION
AB This paper presents the results of two cruises in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in 2008 that investigated local and short-term factors influencing the carbonate chemistry dynamics and saturation state with respect to aragonite (Omega(aragonite)) of surface seawater in this region. One cruise covered much of the northern half of the Gulf, and the other focused on the coastal zone west of the Atchafalaya Bay outlet of the Mississippi River-the region where the hypoxic "dead zone" occurs on the Louisiana shelf. Offshore waters (> 100 m depth) exhibited only small variations in CO2 fugacity (fCO(2)), total alkalinity (TA) and Omega(aragonite). Values were close to those typically observed in subtropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea waters of similar salinity. However, inner shelf waters (< 50 m depth) exhibited large variations in fCO(2), TA, and Omega(aragonite) that were not directly related to salinity or distance from the Mississippi River plume. Changes in TA values were not the result of simple mixing of end-member freshwater and seawater TA concentrations but exhibited a minimum in values near salinity of 25. This minimum could be the result of microbial recycling across salinity gradients, biological removal of alkalinity by formation of calcium carbonate or mixing of a third end-member with a low alkalinity such as Terrebonne Bay. All waters were supersaturated with respect to aragonite. Offshore waters had an average Omega(aragonite) of 3.86 with a standard deviation of only +/- 0.06 and inner shelf waters had a range in Omega(aragonite) values from 3.9 to 9.7 with a median of 4.3. Shelf water Omega(aragonite) values were elevated relative to the offshore as a consequence of both high TA input from Mississippi River and biological drawdown of CO2. A dominant factor controlling Omega(aragonite) distribution in offshore waters with relatively constant temperatures was fCO(2), with higher supersaturation occurring in areas with low fCO(2).
C1 [Keul, Nina; Morse, John W.; Bianchi, Thomas S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Wanninkhof, Rik; Gledhill, Dwight K.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Gledhill, Dwight K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Keul, N (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
EM Nina.Keul@awi.de
FU NASA-ROSES effort, Ocean Acidification in the Greater Caribbean
   [NNX08AW98G]; Louis and Elizabeth Scherck Endowed Chair (JWM);
   Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS);
   Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National
   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226]
FX The data were obtained as part of the NASA-ROSES effort, Ocean
   Acidification in the Greater Caribbean (Grant Award Number NNX08AW98G).
   The program managers Paula Bontempi and Fred Lipschultz are acknowledged
   for their support. Support was also provided by the Louis and Elizabeth
   Scherck Endowed Chair (JWM). This research was carried out [ in part]
   under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and
   Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University
   of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
   cooperative agreement #NA17RJ1226. We wish to acknowledge Luz Romero for
   her support in analysis. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their
   constructive comments. Prof. John Morse who passed away prior to
   publication of this work was instrumental in coordinating and
   spearheading the project. His enthusiasm, insights, and dedication to
   the study of carbon dynamics of aquatic systems will be greatly missed.
NR 44
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U1 0
U2 27
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1380-6165
EI 1573-1421
J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM
JI Aquat. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 3
SI SI
BP 337
EP 351
DI 10.1007/s10498-010-9091-2
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 589GK
UT WOS:000277134700004
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JZ
   Guo, LD
   Fischer, CJ
AF Zhang, Jia-Zhong
   Guo, Laodong
   Fischer, Charles J.
TI Abundance and Chemical Speciation of Phosphorus in Sediments of the
   Mackenzie River Delta, the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea: Importance of
   Detrital Apatite
SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Phosphorus; Sediment; Apatite; Arctic Ocean; Mackenzie River Delta
ID LIQUID-WAVE-GUIDE; PARTICLE-BOUND PHOSPHORUS; SOLID-PHASE PHOSPHORUS;
   COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; NATURAL-WATERS; IRON(II) OXIDATION;
   MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; DISSOLVED SILICA; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEAGRASS BEDS
AB Utilizing a sequential extraction technique this study provides the first quantitative analysis on the abundance of sedimentary phosphorus and its partitioning between chemically distinguishable phases in sediments of the Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea and the Mackenzie River Delta in the western Arctic Ocean. Total sedimentary phosphorus (TSP) was fractionated into five operationally defined phases: (1) adsorbed inorganic and exchangeable organic phosphorus, (2) Fe-bound inorganic phosphorus, (3) authigenic carbonate fluorapatite, biogenic apatite and calcium carbonate-bound inorganic and organic phosphorus, (4) detrital apatite, and (5) refractory organic phosphorus. TSP concentrations in surface sediments increased from the Chukchi Sea (18 mu mol g(-1) of dried sediments) to the Bering Sea (22 mu mol g(-1)) and to the Mackenzie River Delta (29 mu mol g(-1)). Among the five pools, detrital apatite phosphorus of igneous or metamorphic origin represents the largest fraction (similar to 43%) of TSP. The second largest pool is the authigenic carbonate fluorapatite, biogenic apatite as well as CaCO(3) associated phosphorus (similar to 24% of TSP), followed by the Fe-bound inorganic phosphorus, representing similar to 20% of TSP. The refractory organic P accounts for similar to 10% of TSP and the readily exchangeable adsorbed P accounts for only 3.5% of TSP. Inorganic phosphorus dominates all of phosphorus pools, accounting for an average of 87% of the TSP. Relatively high sedimentary organic carbon and total nitrogen contents and low delta(13)C values in the Mackenzie River Delta together with the dominance of detrital apatite in the TSP demonstrate the importance of riverine inputs in governing the abundance and speciation of sedimentary phosphorus in the Arctic coastal sediments.
C1 [Zhang, Jia-Zhong; Fischer, Charles J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Guo, Laodong] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Jia-Zhong.Zhang@noaa.gov; laodong.guo@usm.edu
RI Guo, Laodong/F-6045-2010; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Fischer,
   Charles/A-3843-2017
OI Guo, Laodong/0000-0002-5010-1630; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; 
FU JAMSTEC/Japan; International Arctic Research Center; NSF [0436179];
   University of Southern Mississippi; NOAA's Climate Change Program and
   Coastal Ocean Program
FX The authors would like to thank Chief Scientists, crew members, Marine
   Works Japan, and the science party of the R/V Mirai for their assistance
   in sediment core collection during the MR01-K04 and MR02-K05 cruises to
   the Bering Sea and the western Arctic Ocean, and Tomoyuki Tanaka and
   Mindy Juliana for sample processing. This study was supported in part by
   the JAMSTEC/Japan, the International Arctic Research Center, NSF
   (#0436179), the University of Southern Mississippi, and NOAA's Climate
   Change Program and Coastal Ocean Program. The statements, findings,
   conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not
   necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA or the U.S. Department of
   Commerce.
NR 61
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1380-6165
J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM
JI Aquat. Geochem.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 3
SI SI
BP 353
EP 371
DI 10.1007/s10498-009-9081-4
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 589GK
UT WOS:000277134700005
ER

PT J
AU Arkoosh, MR
   Boylen, D
   Dietrich, J
   Anulacion, BF
   Ylitalo, G
   Bravo, CF
   Johnson, LL
   Loge, FJ
   Collier, TK
AF Arkoosh, Mary R.
   Boylen, Deborah
   Dietrich, Joseph
   Anulacion, Bernadita F.
   Ylitalo, Gina
   Bravo, Claudia F.
   Johnson, Lyndal L.
   Loge, Frank J.
   Collier, Tracy K.
TI Disease susceptibility of salmon exposed to polybrominated diphenyl
   ethers (PBDEs)
SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE PBDEs; Salmon; Disease susceptibility; Willamette River; Immune system;
   Columbia River Basin; Listonella anguillarum
ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; BROMINATED
   FLAME RETARDANTS; THYROID-HORMONES; COLUMBIA RIVER; IMMUNE-SYSTEM;
   VITAMIN-A; ESTUARY; FISH; ENVIRONMENT
AB The health effects of the flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish are not well understood. To determine the potential effects of this ubiquitous contaminant class on fish health, juvenile subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were fed a diet that reflected the PBDE congeners found in the stomach contents of subyearling Chinook salmon collected from the highly urbanized and industrialized lower Willamette River in the Columbia River Basin of North America. The diet, consisting of five PBDE congeners (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153 and BDE-154), was fed to the salmon at 2% of their body weight in food per day for 40 days. Two concentrations of the diet (1 x and 10x PBDE) were fed to the salmon. The 1x PBDE diet reflected the concentration of PBDEs (190 ng PBDEs/g food) found in the stomach contents of juvenile subyearling Chinook salmon; the 10x diet was prepared at 10 times that concentration. The fish were then exposed to the marine bacterial pathogen Listonella anguillarum to assess susceptibility to infectious disease. juvenile Chinook salmon fed the 1x PBDE diet were more susceptible to L. anguillarum than salmon fed the control diet. This suggests that juvenile salmonids in the lower Willamette River exposed to PBDEs may be at greater risk for disease than nonexposed juvenile salmonids. In contrast, salmon that consumed the 10x PBDE diet were not more susceptible to the pathogen than salmon fed the control diet. The mechanisms for the dichotomous results observed in disease susceptibility between salmon fed the 1x and 10x PBDE diets are currently not known but have also been observed in other species exposed to PBDEs with respect to immune function. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Arkoosh, Mary R.; Boylen, Deborah; Dietrich, Joseph] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
   [Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Ylitalo, Gina; Johnson, Lyndal L.; Collier, Tracy K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Bravo, Claudia F.; Loge, Frank J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov
NR 49
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U1 5
U2 36
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-445X
J9 AQUAT TOXICOL
JI Aquat. Toxicol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 98
IS 1
BP 51
EP 59
DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.013
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
GA 607LZ
UT WOS:000278506900007
PM 20207027
ER

PT J
AU Ashjian, CJ
   Braund, SR
   Campbell, RG
   George, JC
   Kruse, J
   Maslowski, W
   Moore, SE
   Nicolson, CR
   Okkonen, SR
   Sherr, BF
   Sherr, EB
   Spitz, YH
AF Ashjian, Carin J.
   Braund, Stephen R.
   Campbell, Robert G.
   George, J. C. Craig
   Kruse, Jack
   Maslowski, Wieslaw
   Moore, Sue E.
   Nicolson, Craig R.
   Okkonen, Stephen R.
   Sherr, Barry F.
   Sherr, Evelyn B.
   Spitz, Yvette H.
TI Climate Variability, Oceanography, Bowhead Whale Distribution, and
   Inupiat Subsistence Whaling near Barrow, Alaska
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Article
DE bowhead whale; plankton; oceanography; Beaufort Sea; subsistence whaling
ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CHUKCHI SEA; CIRCULATION; SHELF;
   ZOOPLANKTON; FLOW; ICE; REGIMES; OREGON
AB The annual migration of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) past Barrow, Alaska, has provided subsistence hunting to Inupiat for centuries. Bowheads recurrently feed on aggregations of zooplankton prey near Barrow in autumn. The mechanisms that form these aggregations, and the associations between whales and oceanography, were investigated using field sampling, retrospective analysis, and traditional knowledge interviews. Oceanographic and aerial surveys were conducted near Barrow during August and September in 2005 and 2006. Multiple water masses were observed, and close coupling between water mass type and biological characteristics was noted. Short-term variability in hydrography was associated with changes in wind speed and direction that profoundly affected plankton taxonomic composition. Aggregations of ca. 50-100 bowhead whales were observed in early September of both years at locations consistent with traditional knowledge. Retrospective analyses of records for 1984-2004 also showed that annual aggregations of whales near Barrow were associated with wind speed and direction. Euphausiids and copepods appear to be upwelled onto the Beaufort Sea shelf during E or SE winds. A favorable feeding environment is produced when these plankton are retained and concentrated on the shelf by the prevailing westward Beaufort Sea shelf currents that converge with the Alaska Coastal Current flowing to the northeast along the eastern edge of Barrow Canyon.
C1 [Ashjian, Carin J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Braund, Stephen R.] Stephen R Braund & Associates, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA.
   [Campbell, Robert G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   [George, J. C. Craig] N Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA.
   [Kruse, Jack] Univ Alaska, Inst Social & Econ Res, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Maslowski, Wieslaw] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
   [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Nicolson, Craig R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Okkonen, Stephen R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Sherr, Barry F.; Sherr, Evelyn B.; Spitz, Yvette H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Ashjian, CJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM cashjian@whoi.edu
FU NSF [OPP-0436131, OPP-0436110, OPP-0436009, OPP-043166, OPP-0435956]
FX Many people contributed to the success of this project. Captain Bill
   Kopplin and co-captains Ned Manning and Mike Johnson of the R/V Annika
   Marie were integral members of the project team. We particularly thank
   the local bowhead whale hunters who provided their time and knowledge
   during interviews. Philip Alatalo (Woods Hole Oceanographic
   Institution), Aaron Hartz (Oregon State University), and David Leach
   (University of Alaska Fair-banks) provided critical sampling, logistic,
   and analysis support for the oceanographic fieldwork. Daniel Torres
   (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) processed the 2006 ADCP data. Joe
   Jennings (Oregon. State University) analyzed the nutrient samples.
   Elizabeth Sears, Stephanie Schively, and Iris Prophet of Stephen R.
   Braund & Associates conducted interviews, prepared maps, and analyzed
   data from the interviews with the Barrow whalers. Ralph Aiken piloted
   the 2005 aerial surveys. Aerial surveys in 2006 were flown in
   collaboration with Charles Monnett of the Minerals Management Service.
   Logistic support at Barrow both before and during the project was
   provided by the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium (BASC); many thanks to
   Glenn Sheehan, Henry Gueco, Robert Bulger, Alice Drake, and all members
   of the BASC staff. Logistic support at Prudhoe Bay was provided through
   Veco Polar. Services and coordinated by Mann Kuezinga. Access to West
   Dock in Prudhoe Bay was facilitated by Bill Streever and Wilson Cullor
   of British Petroleum. Two high school teachers, Jeff Manker and Kirk
   Beckendorf, participated in the fieldwork with support of the
   NSF-sponsored ARMADA program at the University of Rhode Island. We thank
   the Barrow Whaling Captains Association, particularly Eugene Brower, the
   Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, the City of Barrow, and the North
   Slope Borough for their support of this project. Cyd Hanns, Robert
   Suydam, Harry Brower, and Taqlik Hepa of the North Slope Borough
   Department of Wildlife Management also contributed to the success of
   this project. We thank also Lloyd Lowry and an anonymous reviewer for
   their comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. This work
   was supported by NSF Grants OPP-0436131 to C. Ashjian (S. Braund
   Subcontract), OPP-0436110 to R. Campbell, OPP-0436127 to W. Maslowski,
   OPP-0436009 to C. Nicolson and J. Kruse, OPP-043166 to S. Okkonen, and
   OPP-0435956 to Y. Spitz, E. Sherr, and B. Sherr.
NR 46
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U1 1
U2 49
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
   CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 2
BP 179
EP 194
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 618TY
UT WOS:000279379800005
ER

PT J
AU Moore, SE
   George, JC
   Sheffield, G
   Bacon, J
   Ashjian, CJ
AF Moore, Sue E.
   George, J. C. Craig
   Sheffield, Gay
   Bacon, Joshua
   Ashjian, Carin J.
TI Bowhead Whale Distribution and Feeding near Barrow, Alaska, in Late
   Summer 2005-06
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Article
DE bowhead whale; feeding; functional anatomy; zooplankton; western Arctic;
   Beaufort Sea; aerial surveys
ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; SEA-ICE COVER; CONSERVATION
AB Aerial surveys for bowhead whales were conducted in conjunction with oceanographic sampling near Barrow, Alaska, in late summer of 2005 and 2006. In 2005, 145 whales were seen, mostly in two distinct aggregations: one (ca. 40 whales) in deep water in Barrow Canyon and the other (ca. 70 whales) in very shallow (< 10 m) water just seaward of the barrier islands. Feeding behaviours observed in the latter group included whales lying on their sides with mouths agape and groups of 5-10 whales swimming synchronously in turbid water. In 2006, 78 bowheads were seen, with ca. 40 whales feeding in dispersed groups of 3-11 whales: Feeding behaviours observed included surface skimming, echelon swimming, and synchronous diving and surfacing. Surfacing behaviour included head lunges by single animals and groups of 2-4 whales. Of 29 whales harvested at Barrow, 24 had been feeding. Euphausiids were the dominant prey in 2006 (10 of 13 stomachs), but not in 2005 (4 of 11 stomachs). Copepods were the dominant prey in the stomachs of three whales harvested near Barrow Canyon in 2005. Mysiids were the dominant prey in four stomachs, isopods in two, and amphipods in one although these taxa were not routinely captured during plankton sampling conducted in the weeks prior to the autumn harvest.
C1 [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [George, J. C. Craig; Bacon, Joshua] N Slope Borough, Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA.
   [Sheffield, Gay] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Nome, AK 99762 USA.
   [Ashjian, Carin J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Moore, SE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Sue.Moore@noaa.gov
FU Barrow Whaling Captain's Association (BWCA); North Slope Borough (NSB)
   Department of Wildlife Management (DWM)
FX We thank the SNACS (Study of Northern Alaska Coastal Systems)
   team-Stephen Braund, Robert Campbell, Jack Kruse, Wieslaw Maslowski,
   Craig Nicolson, Stephen Okkonen, Barry Sherr, Evelyn Sherr, and Yvette
   Spitz for their contribution to the overall study, of which this paper
   is but one part. Much of the field portion of this work was supported by
   the NSF/SNACS program. We appreciate the support and advice of the
   Barrow Whaling Captain's Association (BWCA) and the staff of the North
   Slope Borough (NSB) Department of Wildlife Management (DWM). Robert
   Suydam (NSB DWM) provided funding for additional aerial survey hours in
   2005, and Chuck Monnett (Minerals Management Service, Alaska Region)
   shared the MMS aircraft with the SNACS project in 2006, making aerial
   surveys possible. We thank Julie Mocklin, Kim Shelden, and Kim Goetz
   (NOAA/National Marine Mammal Laboratory) for participation in the 2006
   aerial surveys and for map preparation. Review comments from W. John
   Richardson (LGL Limited), Lloyd Lowry (ADF&G, retired), and an anonymous
   reviewer greatly improved the final manuscript.
NR 32
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U1 2
U2 18
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
   CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 2
BP 195
EP 205
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 618TY
UT WOS:000279379800006
ER

PT J
AU Soranno, PA
   Cheruvelil, KS
   Webster, KE
   Bremigan, MT
   Wagner, T
   Stow, CA
AF Soranno, Patricia A.
   Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence
   Webster, Katherine E.
   Bremigan, Mary T.
   Wagner, Tyler
   Stow, Craig A.
TI Using Landscape Limnology to Classify Freshwater Ecosystems for
   Multi-ecosystem Management and Conservation
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE predictive classification; landscape limnology; modeling; ecosystem
   management; conservation
ID NUTRIENT CRITERIA; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK;
   UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGY; LAKES; CLASSIFICATION; FISHERIES; STREAMS;
   MODELS
AB Governmental entities are responsible for managing and conserving large numbers of lake, river, and wetland ecosystems that can be addressed only rarely on a case-by-case basis. We present a system for predictive classification modeling, grounded in the theoretical foundation of landscape limnology, that creates a tractable number of ecosystem classes to which management actions may be tailored. We demonstrate our system by applying two types of predictive classification modeling approaches to develop nutrient criteria for eutrophication management in 1998 north temperate lakes. Our predictive classification system promotes the effective management of multiple ecosystems across broad geographic scales by explicitly connecting management and conservation goals to the classification modeling approach, considering multiple spatial scales as drivers of ecosystem dynamics, and acknowledging the hierarchical structure of freshwater ecosystems. Such a system is critical for adaptive management of complex mosaics of freshwater ecosystems and for balancing competing needs for ecosystem services in a changing world.
C1 [Soranno, Patricia A.; Bremigan, Mary T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Webster, Katherine E.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland.
   [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Soranno, PA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM soranno@msu.edu
OI Webster, Katherine/0000-0002-6009-0146; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855;
   Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271
FU US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Wetlands; Oceans; Watershed
   National Lakes Assessment Planning Project
FX A portion of this research was supported by a grant from the US
   Environmental Protection Agency Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and
   Watershed National Lakes Assessment Planning Project to P.A.S., K.E.W,
   K.S.C., and M.T.B. We thank the many agency professionals and university
   researchers who provided access to lake databases; in particular, John
   Downing (Iowa); Timothy Asplund (Wisconsin); Michael Vanni, William
   Renwick, and Jeff DeShon (Ohio); Jody Connor (New Hampshire); and Linda
   Bacon, Peter Vaux, and Kathleen Bell (Maine). We thank Michigan State
   University's Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Science Research
   and Outreach Services for quantification of the landscape data. Thanks
   to Emi Fergus, Eric Torng, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful
   comments on an earlier draft. This is contribution 1546 for the Great
   Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Finally, we thank Wayne
   Wurtsbaugh for coining the term "landscape limnology." Use of trade
   names does not imply endorsement by the federal government.
NR 60
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U1 5
U2 63
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 6
BP 440
EP 454
DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.6.8
PG 15
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 605OG
UT WOS:000278356300007
ER

PT J
AU Sorbjan, Z
   Grachev, AA
AF Sorbjan, Zbigniew
   Grachev, Andrey A.
TI An Evaluation of the Flux-Gradient Relationship in the Stable Boundary
   Layer
SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CASES-99 data; Flux-based scaling; Flux-gradient relationship;
   Gradient-based scaling; Monin-Obukhov similarity; SHEBA data; Stable
   boundary layer
ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; OBSERVED
   EVENING TRANSITION; INHOMOGENEOUS LAND-SURFACE; TURBULENT PRANDTL
   NUMBER; PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; SELF-CORRELATION; INTERMITTENT
   TURBULENCE; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ENERGY-BALANCE
AB Data collected during the SHEBA and CASES-99 field programs are employed to examine the flux-gradient relationship for wind speed and temperature in the stably stratified boundary layer. The gradient-based and flux-based similarity functions are assessed in terms of the Richardson number Ri and the stability parameter z/I >(*), z being height and I >(*) the local Obukhov length. The resulting functions are expressed in an analytical form, which is essentially unaffected by self-correlation, when thermal stratification is strong. Turbulence within the stably stratified boundary layer is classified into four regimes: "nearly-neutral" (0 < z/I >(*) < 0.02), "weakly-stable" (0.02 < z/I >(*) < 0.6), "very-stable" (0.6 < z/I >(*) < 50), and "extremely-stable" (z/I >(*) > 50). The flux-based similarity functions for gradients are constant in "nearly-neutral" conditions. In the "very-stable" regime, the dimensionless gradients are exponential, and proportional to (z/I >(*))(3/5). The existence of scaling laws in "extremely-stable" conditions is doubtful. The Prandtl number Pr decreases from 0.9 in nearly-neutral conditions and to about 0.7 in the very-stable regime. The necessary condition for the presence of steady-state turbulence is Ri < 0.7.
C1 [Sorbjan, Zbigniew] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
   [Sorbjan, Zbigniew] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Warsaw 42, Poland.
   [Grachev, Andrey A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Grachev, Andrey A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Sorbjan, Z (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
EM zbigniew.sorbjan@mu.edu
OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820
FU Central and Eastern Europe Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability
   Assessment Project (CECILIA); UE 6.FP [GOCE 037005]
FX The authors thank Drs. E. L Andreas, C. W. Fairall, P. S. Guest, and
   P.O.G. Persson, the members of the SHEBA Atmospheric Surface Flux Group,
   for providing observational data from the SHEBA program. The authors'
   appreciation is also directed to Drs. Larry Mahrt and Dean Vickers of
   Oregon State University for providing processed CASES-99 data. The work
   has been partly supported by the Central and Eastern Europe Climate
   Change Impact and Vulnerability Assessment Project (CECILIA), financed
   by UE 6.FP, Contract GOCE 037005 to Warsaw University of Technology,
   Warsaw, Poland.
NR 73
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U1 6
U2 26
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8314
EI 1573-1472
J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL
JI Bound.-Layer Meteor.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 135
IS 3
BP 385
EP 405
DI 10.1007/s10546-010-9482-3
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 595TK
UT WOS:000277635800003
ER

PT J
AU Averyt, K
AF Averyt, Kristen
TI Are We Successfully Adapting Science to Climate Change?
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Averyt, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 325 Broadway,DSRC-PSDI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM kristen.averyt@noaa.gov
NR 6
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U1 1
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 6
BP 723
EP 726
DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2906.1
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 628HT
UT WOS:000280107300001
ER

PT J
AU Lee, TF
   Nelson, CS
   Dills, P
   Riishojgaard, LP
   Jones, A
   Li, L
   Miller, S
   Flynn, LE
   Jedlovec, G
   McCarty, W
   Hoffman, C
   McWilliams, G
AF Lee, Thomas F.
   Nelson, Craig S.
   Dills, Patrick
   Riishojgaard, Lars Peter
   Jones, Andy
   Li, Li
   Miller, Steven
   Flynn, Lawrence E.
   Jedlovec, Gary
   McCarty, William
   Hoffman, Carl
   McWilliams, Gary
TI NPOESS Next-Generation Operational Global Earth Observations
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID IRRADIANCE MONITOR; INSTRUMENT DESIGN; OBSERVING SYSTEM; MODIS; AIRS;
   CAPABILITIES; IMAGERY; SENSOR
AB The United States is merging its two polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite programs operated by the Department of Commerce and the Department of Defense into a single system, which is called the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). During the next decade, NPOESS will provide global operational data to meet many of the needs of weather forecasters, climate researchers, and global decision makers for remotely sensed Earth science data and global environmental monitoring. The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) will be launched in 2011 as a precursor to NPOESS to reduce final development risks for NPOESS and to provide continuity of global imaging and atmospheric sounding data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) missions. Beginning in 2014, NPOESS spacecraft will be launched into an afternoon orbit and in 2016 into an early-morning orbit to provide significantly improved operational capabilities and benefits to satisfy critical civil and national security requirements for space-based, remotely sensed environmental data. The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Meteorological Operation (MetOp) spacecraft will complement NPOESS in a midmorning orbit. The joint constellation will provide global coverage with a data refresh rate of approximately four hours. NPOESS will observe more phenomena simultaneously from space and deliver a data volume significantly greater than its operational predecessors with substantially improved data delivery to users. Higher-resolution (spatial and spectral) and more accurate imaging and atmospheric sounding data will enable improvements in short-to medium-range weather forecasts. Multispectral and hyperspectral instruments on NPOESS will provide global imagery and sounding products useful to the forecaster that are complementary to those available from geostationary satellites. NPOESS will support the operational needs of meteorological, oceanographic, environmental, climatic, and space environmental remote sensing programs and provide continuity of data for climate researchers. This article that describes NPOESS was completed and accepted for publication prior to the White House decision in February 2010 ordering a major restructuring of the NPOESS program. The Department of Commerce will now assume primary responsibility for the afternoon polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite orbit and the Department of Defense will take primary responsibility for the early morning orbit. However, NPP, as described in this article, is still scheduled to be launched in 2011. Several of the instruments and program elements described in this article are also likely to be carried forward into future U. S. polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite missions.
C1 [Lee, Thomas F.; Li, Li] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
   [Nelson, Craig S.] Riverside Technol Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   [Dills, Patrick] Cooperat Program Operat Meteorol Educ & Training, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Riishojgaard, Lars Peter] NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Jones, Andy; Miller, Steven] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Flynn, Lawrence E.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Jedlovec, Gary] NASA, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
   [Jedlovec, Gary] NASA, Short Term Predict Res & Transit Ctr, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
   [McCarty, William] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [McCarty, William] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
   [Hoffman, Carl; McWilliams, Gary] NPOESS Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Lee, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
EM thomas.lee@nrlmry.navy.mil
RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Jones, Andrew/D-3291-2012; McCarty,
   Will/E-9359-2012
OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Jones, Andrew/0000-0002-0995-4957; 
FU National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System
   Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland; Office of Naval
   Research [PE-0602435N]; Navy at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
   [PEO C4I, PMW-120, PE-0603207N]
FX The support of the research sponsors 1) the National Polar-orbiting
   Operational Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office
   located in Silver Spring, Maryland; 2) the Office of Naval Research
   under Program Element PE-0602435N; and 3) the Oceanographer of the Navy
   through the program office at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems
   Command, PEO C4I and PMW-120 under Program Element PE-0603207N, is
   gratefully acknowledged. We thank Jeffrey Hawkins from NRL and John
   Furgerson from the IPO for several insightful suggestions.
NR 30
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 6
BP 727
EP +
DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2953.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 628HT
UT WOS:000280107300002
ER

PT J
AU Stickler, A
   Grant, AN
   Ewen, T
   Ross, TF
   Vose, RS
   Comeaux, J
   Bessemoulin, P
   Jylha, K
   Adam, WK
   Jeannet, P
   Nagumy, A
   Sterin, AM
   Allan, R
   Compo, GP
   Griesser, T
   Bronnimann, S
AF Stickler, A.
   Grant, A. N.
   Ewen, T.
   Ross, T. F.
   Vose, R. S.
   Comeaux, J.
   Bessemoulin, P.
   Jylhae, K.
   Adam, W. K.
   Jeannet, P.
   Nagumy, A.
   Sterin, A. M.
   Allan, R.
   Compo, G. P.
   Griesser, T.
   Broennimann, S.
TI THE COMPREHENSIVE HISTORICAL UPPER-AIR NETWORK
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID DUST BOWL DROUGHT; NORTH-AMERICA; DATA SET; TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS;
   VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE; PRESSURE; CLIMATE; PERIOD
AB To better understand variability in weather and climate, it is vital to address past atmospheric circulation. This need requires meteorological information not just from the surface but also at upper levels. Current global upper-level datasets only reach back to the 1940s or 1950s and do not cover some important periods in the first half of the twentieth century. Extending the observational record is therefore considered important in order to analyze climate variability in the past and verify global climate models used to predict future climate change. Although earlier upper-air data from platforms such as radio-sondes, aircraft, pilot balloons, registering balloons, and kites are available from various sources, no systematic compilation and quality assessment of upper-level data prior to the International Geophysical Year (1957/58) has ever been performed. Here we present the Comprehensive Historical Upper-Air Network (CHUAN). It is a consistent global historical upper-air dataset that has been derived from heterogeneous data available from various sources as well as from newly digitized data. This paper describes the CHUAN dataset, the metadata, the quality control procedures, and the relationship to existing datasets. Some examples are given of its usefulness for analyzing weather and climate during the first half of the twentieth century. The CHUAN dataset comprises 3987 station records worldwide or about 16.4 million profiles (of which 12.6 million are before 1958 and 5.3 million, primarily from pilot balloons, are before 1948). A monthly mean version can be downloaded from the World Wide Web (www.historicalupperair.org).
C1 [Stickler, A.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CHN, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Ross, T. F.; Vose, R. S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
   [Comeaux, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Bessemoulin, P.] Mateo France, Toulouse, France.
   [Jylhae, K.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
   [Adam, W. K.] Meteorol Observ, Deutsch Wetterdienst, Lindenberg, Germany.
   [Jeannet, P.] MeteoSwiss Aerol Stn, Payerne, Switzerland.
   [Nagumy, A.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia.
   [Sterin, A. M.] RIHMI WDC, Obninsk, Russia.
   [Allan, R.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
   [Compo, G. P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Compo, G. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Stickler, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CHN, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM alexander.stickler@env.ethz.ch
RI Grant, Andrea/A-1693-2008; 
OI Grant, Andrea/0000-0002-1553-596X; COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633;
   Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991
FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PP002-102731]; NOAA Climate Program
   Office; Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence (QCCCE),
   Australia; DECC; Defra; MoD Integrated Climate Programme (ICP)
   [UK-GA01101, CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5]
FX AS, ANG, TE, TG, and SB were funded by the Swiss National Science
   Foundation (PP002-102731). GPC was supported by the NOAA Climate Program
   Office. ERA-40 data were downloaded from the ECMWF server. NCEP-NCAR
   50-year reanalysis data were downloaded from the NCAR website. Thanks go
   to SMHI and NMI for providing large parts of the Scandinavian radiosonde
   data. We would like to acknowledge COST action ES0601. Rob Allan is
   supported with funds from the Queensland Climate Change Centre of
   Excellence (QCCCE) in Australia, together with the joint DECC, Defra,
   and MoD Integrated Climate Programme (ICP) in the UK-GA01101,
   CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5.
NR 31
TC 26
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U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 6
BP 741
EP 751
DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2852.1
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 628HT
UT WOS:000280107300003
ER

PT J
AU Heymsfield, AJ
   Kennedy, PC
   Massie, S
   Schmitt, C
   Wang, ZE
   Haimov, S
   Rangno, A
AF Heymsfield, Andrew J.
   Kennedy, Patrick C.
   Massie, Steve
   Schmitt, Carl
   Wang, Zhien
   Haimov, Samuel
   Rangno, Art
TI AIRCRAFT-INDUCED HOLE PUNCH AND CANAL CLOUDS Inadvertent Cloud Seeding
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE PARTICLES APIPS; PENETRATIONS; CONTRAILS
AB The production of holes and channels in altocumulus clouds by two commercial turboprop aircraft is documented for the first time. An unprecedented dataset combining in situ measurements from microphysical probes with remote sensing measurements from cloud radar and lidar operating from the National Science Foundation (NSF)/NCAR C-130 aircraft, as well as ground-based NOAA and Colorado State University (CSU) radars, is used to describe the radar/lidar properties of a hole punch cloud and channel and the ensuing ice microphysical properties and structure of the ice column that subsequently developed. Ice particle production by commercial turboprop aircraft climbing through clouds much warmer than the regions where contrails are produced has the potential to significantly modify the cloud microphysical properties and effectively seed them under some conditions. Jet aircraft may also be producing hole punch clouds when flying through altocumulus with supercooled droplets at heights lower than their normal cruise altitudes, where contrails can form. Commercial aircraft can therefore generate ice and affect the clouds at temperatures as much as 30 degrees C warmer than the -40 degrees C contrail formation threshold temperature.
C1 [Heymsfield, Andrew J.; Massie, Steve; Schmitt, Carl] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Kennedy, Patrick C.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Wang, Zhien; Haimov, Samuel] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Heymsfield, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM heyms1@ucar.edu
RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Schmitt,
   Carl/P-5490-2015; 
OI Schmitt, Carl/0000-0003-3829-6970
FU National Science Foundation [ATM 0735110]
FX We wish to thank Jafvis for his original photographs of hole punch
   clouds, Jeff Schmaltz for preparing MODIS images, and the NASA Earth
   Observatory (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov) for the use the original
   MODIS data. Insights into aerodynamic contrail production by Klaus
   Gierens and APIPs with William Woodley were invaluable. Data processing
   and figure preparation by Jason Craig, Nathan Downs, and Lara Ziady and
   original data provided by Cynthia Twohy and Paul DeMott are appreciated.
   Paul Field is acknowledged for his contributions to the ICE-L field
   program. The support of the NCAR Research Aviation Facility, especially
   Jorgen Jensen, Jeff Stith, Dave Rogers, Henry Boynton, Ed Ringleman, and
   Stuart Beaton, was indispensable. Meg Miller provided editorial
   assistance. Thanks are also given to Steve Rutledge and the CSU-CHILL
   team for their Pawnee radar support. CSU ground-based radar research
   activities are supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM 0735110. This
   research was supported by the National Science Foundation.
NR 26
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 6
BP 753
EP +
DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2905.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 628HT
UT WOS:000280107300004
ER

PT J
AU Mclain, JS
AF Mclain, Jeffrey S.
TI MANAGING THE TUOLUMNE RIVER FOR SALMONIDS: ASSESSMENT OF THE 1995
   SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME
LA English
DT Article
DE California; Chinook salmon; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus
   tshawytscha; San Joaquin River; steelhead; Tuolumne River; Yosemite
AB The Tuolumne River originates at elevations over 3,900 meters in Yosemite Valley, California along the Western Sierra and is the largest tributary to the San Joaquin River of the Central Valley, draining an area of approximately 2,500 km(2). The Tuolumne River was once home to a healthy population of spring and fall-run Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, the spring-run likely ascending upstream as high as the boundary of Yosemite National Park, at an elevation of nearly 760 meters. Although historical records of the presence of Central Valley steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss are poor, they were believed to be well distributed in the Tuolumne River and its smaller tributaries. A series of dams for water supply, hydroelectric generation, and flood control were constructed starting in the 1890s. These dams cut off access by native anadromous fish to as much as 90 h. of their spawning habitat. In 1996 the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued an order amending a 1964 license, which included a 1995 Settlement Agreement. The 1995 Settlement Agreement designated a Technical Advisory Committee to oversee implementation of the agreement and its requirements. A review of the hydrographs of the Tuolumne River during the first 8 years under the Settlement Agreement revealed they were significantly different in timing and magnitude than recommended by resource agencies. This paper discusses management implications of the Settlement Agreement, and also offers recommendations for improvement.
C1 [Mclain, Jeffrey S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA.
RP Mclain, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 650 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
EM Jeff.McLain@noaa.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 10
PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR
PI SACRAMENTO
PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA
SN 0008-1078
J9 CALIF FISH GAME
JI Calif. Fish Game
PD SUM
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 3
BP 173
EP 187
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Zoology
SC Fisheries; Zoology
GA 703OE
UT WOS:000285987300001
ER

PT J
AU Raring, NW
   Stevenson, DE
AF Raring, Nathan W.
   Stevenson, Duane E.
TI A BRIEF SURVEY OF THE MESOPELAGIC FISHES OF THE GULF OF ALASKA
SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Bathylagidae; fish; Gulf of Alaska; mesopelagic; Myctophidae; subarctic
ID BERING-SEA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; NORTH PACIFIC; MICRONEKTON;
   MIGRATION; ABUNDANCE; SUMMER
AB In April 2007 and March 2008 a midwater-trawl survey of the mesopelagic zone was conducted over the continental slope of the Gulf of Alaska between Kodiak Island and Prince William Sound. A total of 59 hauls were made at 6 sample stations during both day and night at target depths of 250, 500, and 1000 m using an open-mouth net. Fifty-two species of fishes representing 29 families were identified during the course of this survey. The Myctophidae was the most diverse as well as the most abundant family encountered, followed by the Bathylagidae, Melamphaidae, and Stomiidae. The most common species caught was Stenobrachius leucopsarus, which accounted for nearly half of the fish, and the 10 most abundant species accounted for over 90% of all specimens. Myctophids were found in every haul and the families Bathylagidae, Microstomatidae, Melamphaidae, Macrouridae, Stomiidae, and Scopelarchidae were present in more than half of the hauls.
C1 [Raring, Nathan W.; Stevenson, Duane E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Raring, NW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM nate.raring@noaa.gov
FU AFSC
FX We thank the crew of the NOAA ship MILLER FREEMAN, as well as Bill
   Floering (PMEL), and our fellow colleagues from the AFSC: Elaina
   Jorgensen, Nancy Roberson, and Mei-Sun Yang for assistance collecting
   specimens; Christopher Kenaley and Doug Markle for assistance with
   specimen identification; and Katherine Pearson Maslenikov for specimen
   curation. We also thank Beth Sinclair and Jim Thomason for access to
   unpublished data and Dave Somerton, Michael Martin, James Orr, and Mark
   Wilkins for reviews of an early draft of the manuscript. This project
   was funded by the AFSC.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR
PI SACRAMENTO
PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA
SN 0008-1078
J9 CALIF FISH GAME
JI Calif. Fish Game
PD SUM
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 3
BP 188
EP 200
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Zoology
SC Fisheries; Zoology
GA 703OE
UT WOS:000285987300002
ER

PT J
AU Kamikawa, DJ
   Stevenson, DE
AF Kamikawa, Daniel J.
   Stevenson, Duane E.
TI NEW RECORDS OF ALDROVANDIA OLEOSA (NOTACANTHIFORMES: HALOSAURIDAE) FROM
   THE EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Kamikawa, Daniel J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
   [Stevenson, Duane E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Kamikawa, DJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2032 SE Oregon State Univ Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM Dan.Kamikawa@noaa.gov
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR
PI SACRAMENTO
PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA
SN 0008-1078
J9 CALIF FISH GAME
JI Calif. Fish Game
PD SUM
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 3
BP 216
EP 220
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Zoology
SC Fisheries; Zoology
GA 703OE
UT WOS:000285987300005
ER

PT J
AU Thorson, JT
   Berkson, J
AF Thorson, James T.
   Berkson, Jim
TI Multispecies estimation of Bayesian priors for catchability trends and
   density dependence in the US Gulf of Mexico
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TIME-VARYING CATCHABILITY; COD GADUS-MORHUA; AT-AGE ANALYSIS;
   MEASUREMENT ERRORS; MODEL SELECTION; ATLANTIC COD; FISH; ABUNDANCE;
   FISHERIES; CATCH
AB Fishery-dependent catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) derived indices of stock abundance are commonly used in fishery stock assessment models and may be significantly biased due to changes in catchability over time. Factors causing time-varying catchability include density-dependent habitat selection and technology improvements such as global positioning systems. In this study, we develop a novel multispecies method to estimate Bayesian priors for catchability functional parameters. This method uses the deviance information criterion to select a parsimonious functional model for catchability among 10 hierarchical and measurement error models. The parsimonious model is then applied to multispecies data, while excluding one species at a time, to develop Bayesian priors that can be used for each excluded species. We use this method to estimate catchability trends and density dependence for seven stocks and four gears in the Gulf of Mexico by comparing CPUE-derived index data with abundance estimates from virtual population analysis calibrated with fishery-independent indices. Catchability density dependence estimates mean that CPUE indices are hyperstable, implying that stock rebuilding in the Gulf may be progressing faster than previously estimated. This method for estimating Bayesian priors can provide a parsimonious method to compensate for time-varying catchability and uses multispecies fishery data in a novel manner.
C1 [Thorson, James T.] Virginia Tech, NMFS RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   [Berkson, Jim] Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Virginia Tech, NMFS RTR Unit, 101 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM thorson@vt.edu
RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014
OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010
FU National Marine Fisheries Service
FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Clay Porch and Dr. Mike Prager for
   providing early research guidance, Dr. Shannon Cass-Calay, Dr. Todd
   Gedamke, Joe O'Hop, Dr. Kevin McCarthy, Dr. Mauricio Ortiz, and Dr. Clay
   Porch for providing data and guidance, and Dr. Liz Brooks, Alex Chester,
   Dr. Alec MacCall, Dr. Brian Murphy, Dr. Don Orth, Dr. Clay Porch, Dr.
   Mike Prager, Dr. Andre Punt, Dr. Mike Wilberg, and two anonymous
   reviewers for providing manuscript reviews. Funding was provided by a
   grant from the National Marine Fisheries Service to Virginia Tech.
NR 73
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U1 0
U2 14
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 6
BP 936
EP 954
DI 10.1139/F10-040
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 616QW
UT WOS:000279224900003
ER

PT J
AU Reichert, JM
   Fryer, BJ
   Pangle, KL
   Johnson, TB
   Tyson, JT
   Drelich, AB
   Ludsin, SA
AF Reichert, Julie M.
   Fryer, Brian J.
   Pangle, Kevin L.
   Johnson, Timothy B.
   Tyson, Jeff T.
   Drelich, Alison B.
   Ludsin, Stuart A.
TI River-plume use during the pelagic larval stage benefits recruitment of
   a lentic fish
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-JAPONICUS; WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION;
   SPECIES COMPOSITION; JUVENILE FISH; YELLOW PERCH; SAGAMI BAY; SURVIVAL;
   GROWTH; LIFE
AB Similar to coastal marine systems, Lake Erie exhibits open-water river plumes that differ physicochemically and biologically from surrounding waters. To explore their importance to yellow perch (Perca flavescens) recruitment in western Lake Erie, we tested two related hypotheses: (i) contributions of larvae to the juvenile stage (when recruitment is set) would be greater from nutrient-rich Maumee River plume (MRP) waters than from less-productive non-MRP waters; and (ii) warmer temperatures and higher zooplankton (prey) production in the MRP (versus non-MRP waters) would underlie this expected recruitment difference through "bottom-up'' effects on larval growth. Peak larval yellow perch density was 10-fold and 5-fold less in the MRP than in non-MRP waters during 2006 and 2007, respectively. However, otolith microchemical analyses demonstrated that disproportionately more juvenile recruits emanated from the MRP than from non-MRP waters during both years. Although temperature and zooplankton production were higher in the MRP than in non-MRP waters during both years, observed recruitment differences were not definitively linked to bottom-up effects. Top-down effects also appeared important, as high turbidity in the MRP may offer a survival advantage by reducing predation mortality on larvae. Our research highlights the need to better understand biophysical coupling in freshwater systems and demonstrates how stochastic tributary inputs can influence fish recruitment.
C1 [Reichert, Julie M.; Fryer, Brian J.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
   [Pangle, Kevin L.; Drelich, Alison B.; Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.
   [Ludsin, Stuart A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
   [Tyson, Jeff T.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources Div Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
   [Johnson, Timothy B.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada.
RP Ludsin, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.
EM ludsin.1@osu.edu
RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010
OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216
FU NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA-GLERL)
FX We thank T. Bambakidis, J. Foster, A. Giuliano, H. Gunder, J. Kim, K.
   Mabrey, G. Milanowski, C. Rae, K. Soloway, K. Wang, and S. Upton for
   assistance in the collection and processing of samples; Z. Yang and J.C.
   Barrette for their help with ICP-MS analyses of otoliths and water; N.
   Hawley and S. Constant for their help in collecting and processing CTD
   and transmissometry data; G. Leshkevich for his help in using
   remote-sensing data to track plumes; T. Johengen for his assistance with
   limnological data collection and processing; D. Donahue, T. Joyce, M.
   Taetsch, J. Workman, and A. Yagiela for their help with sampling from
   the R/V Laurentian and R/V Cyclops; A. Adamack, M. Clouse, and H. Zhang
   for their assistance with the graphical representation of the data; D.
   Heath and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on
   previous manuscript drafts; and D. Mason for helping ensure continued
   support for this project at NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research
   Laboratory (NOAA-GLERL). The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
   (Wheatley, Ontario) and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources -
   Division of Wildlife (Sandusky, Ohio) kindly provided August age-0
   yellow perch juveniles, as well as assistance in collecting larvae and
   physical data. Monetary support for this research was provided by the
   Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Fisheries Research Program (S. Ludsin,
   lead PI), NOAA-GLERL (to S. Ludsin), and a 2007 Norman S. Baldwin
   Fishery Scholarship (to J. Reichert) from the International Association
   for Great Lakes Research. This is GLERL contribution No. 1548.
NR 76
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 32
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 6
BP 987
EP 1004
DI 10.1139/F10-036
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 616QW
UT WOS:000279224900007
ER

PT J
AU Ralston, S
   MacFarlane, BR
AF Ralston, Stephen
   MacFarlane, Bruce R.
TI Population estimation of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) based on larval
   production
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC HAKE; ROCKFISH; COAST; ABUNDANCE;
   REPRODUCTION; SCHLEGELI; PATTERNS; MATURITY; JORDANI
AB We estimate the stock size of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) in the Southern California Bight based on the production of larvae. Area-weighted total length compositions of preflexion larvae in 2002 and 2003 were determined from ichthyoplankton survey data. Larval length-to-age transition matrices were estimated from data derived from the enumeration of daily otolith increments. In combination, these results were used to estimate daily rates of larval production and mortality during surveys conducted in those years. Daily rates of larval production were expanded to annual production rates using information developed from the long-term seasonal distribution of larvae in CalCOFI surveys. Total annual larval production was translated to total spawning biomass by calculation of the female population weight-specific fecundity derived from a length-based life table analysis of adult reproductive parameters. Our results indicate that there were 6953 - 10 656 metric tons of bocaccio biomass (males and females >16 cm fork length) in the Southern California Bight during the survey years, which agrees with biomass estimates from a traditional stock assessment. Unique and problematic aspects of the reproductive biology of Sebastes are discussed, including multiple spawning, weight-specific fecundity that depends on size, and bias in fecundity data gathered from vitellogenic ovaries.
C1 [Ralston, Stephen; MacFarlane, Bruce R.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Ralston, S (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM Steve.Ralston@noaa.gov
NR 54
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 8
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 6
BP 1005
EP 1020
DI 10.1139/F10-039
PG 16
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 616QW
UT WOS:000279224900008
ER

PT J
AU Wang, CZ
   Dong, SF
   Munoz, E
AF Wang, Chunzai
   Dong, Shenfu
   Munoz, Ernesto
TI Seawater density variations in the North Atlantic and the Atlantic
   meridional overturning circulation
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PAST 4 DECADES; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION;
   HURRICANE ACTIVITY; OCEAN; MODEL; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; PACIFIC
AB Seawater property changes in the North Atlantic Ocean affect the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), which transports warm water northward from the upper ocean and contributes to the temperate climate of Europe, as well as influences climate globally. Previous observational studies have focused on salinity and freshwater variability in the sinking region of the North Atlantic, since it is believed that a freshening North Atlantic basin can slow down or halt the flow of the AMOC. Here we use available data to show the importance of how density patterns over the upper ocean of the North Atlantic affect the strength of the AMOC. For the long-term trend, the upper ocean of the subpolar North Atlantic is becoming cooler and fresher, whereas the subtropical North Atlantic is becoming warmer and saltier. On a multidecadal timescale, the upper ocean of the North Atlantic has generally been warmer and saltier since 1995. The heat and salt content in the subpolar North Atlantic lags that in the subtropical North Atlantic by about 8-9 years, suggesting a lower latitude origin for the temperature and salinity anomalies. Because of the opposite effects of temperature and salinity on density for both long-term trend and multidecadal timescales, these variations do not result in a density reduction in the subpolar North Atlantic for slowing down the AMOC. Indeed, the variations in the meridional density gradient between the subpolar and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean suggest that the AMOC has become stronger over the past five decades. These observed results are supported by and consistent with some oceanic reanalysis products.
C1 [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Dong, Shenfu; Munoz, Ernesto] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Chunzai.Wang@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013
OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program
   Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
FX We thank reviewers' suggestions and comments on this manuscript. We also
   thank Tim Boyer who provided us the updated salinity data before its
   public release. Gail Derr gave some editorial comments on an early
   version of the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program
   Office and by the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and
   Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this
   report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the
   views of the funding agency.
NR 46
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 34
IS 7-8
BP 953
EP 968
DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0560-5
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 601TU
UT WOS:000278088400003
ER

PT J
AU Mell, P
   Grance, T
AF Mell, Peter
   Grance, Tim
TI The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing
SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Mell, Peter; Grance, Tim] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mell, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI zong, fico/H-4677-2011
NR 0
TC 47
Z9 54
U1 10
U2 99
PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
PI NEW YORK
PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA
SN 0001-0782
J9 COMMUN ACM
JI Commun. ACM
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 53
IS 6
BP 50
EP 50
PG 1
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA 609DR
UT WOS:000278635800025
ER

PT J
AU Kuhn, DR
   Coyne, EJ
   Weil, TR
AF Kuhn, D. Richard
   Coyne, Edward J.
   Weil, Timothy R.
TI Adding Attributes to Role-Based Access Control
SO COMPUTER
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Kuhn, D. Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Coyne, Edward J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA.
RP Kuhn, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kuhn@nist.gov; ed.coyne@va.gov; timothy.weil.contractor@usap.gov
NR 0
TC 60
Z9 63
U1 1
U2 6
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 0018-9162
J9 COMPUTER
JI Computer
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 43
IS 6
BP 79
EP 81
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA 608YD
UT WOS:000278621000014
ER

PT J
AU Rouil, R
   Golmie, N
   Montavont, N
AF Rouil, Richard
   Golmie, Nada
   Montavont, Nicolas
TI Media independent handover transport using cross-layer optimized stream
   control transmission protocol
SO COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Media independent handover; Cross-layer; SCTP; Multihoming
AB The Media Independent Handover (MIH) architecture finalized by the IEEE 802.21 working group facilitates handovers between heterogeneous networks. The signaling messages exchanged between the network entities, namely Mobile Nodes (MNs) and Points of Service (PoSs) must be delivered in a timely and reliable manner. In this document, we analyze the current proposed solutions to transport MIH messages and review their limitations. We also propose an efficient solution using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). The solution uses SCTP's multihoming and multistreaming capabilities and is optimized by using the MIH services. We analyze the performance of the proposed solution for various packet loss conditions and loads. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Rouil, Richard; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Montavont, Nicolas] TELECOM Bretagne, F-35576 Cesson Sevigne, France.
RP Rouil, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM richard.rouil@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov;
   nicolas.montavont@telecom-bretagne.eu
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0140-3664
J9 COMPUT COMMUN
JI Comput. Commun.
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 9
BP 1075
EP 1085
DI 10.1016/j.comcom.2010.02.004
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical &
   Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 599CM
UT WOS:000277887800005
ER

PT J
AU Morris, KC
AF Morris, K. C.
TI A framework for XML schema naming and design rules development tools
SO COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE XML schema; Naming and design rules; NDR; Systems integration standards;
   QOD; Data exchange testing
AB Many organizations are facing enormous challenges today in trying to integrate a wide range of software systems. These systems span the functional areas within an organization, as well as, the multitude of organizations and countries involved in a business process. To address the needs of information integration a number of organizations are developing standards to define the information units that will be shared. Many of these standards are an application of the XML family of software standards, hence the proliferation of content standards or xML standards. To ensure quality in the emerging content standards, the organizations producing them also define guidelines for how the XML standards, especially XML Schema, will be used in a given context. These guidelines are published as sets of Naming and Design Rules (NDR). Unfortunately, a single set of these rules do not meet the needs of the wide range of standards being developed. Moreover, the guidelines are being published as prose (e.g., English text) rather than in a computational form.
   To address these shortcomings and allow for the more rapid creation of high quality NDR, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a set of tools to facilitate NOR development. The tools support the development of executable tests to support NDR, collaboration on the use of those tests, the grouping of tests into testing profiles, as well as, the association of NDR documentation with executable tests. The grouping mechanism allows rules to be selected from a larger set for use in a particular context. By also providing for the association of guidelines with executable tests, a testing suite can be quickly assembled. Furthermore, the pool of guidelines and their tests can be collaboratively developed, thereby leveraging resources and creating higher quality test sets in the end.
   The report describes a framework for tools to support the development of NOR for XML Schema. The tools aid in producing high quality XML schemas using a standards-based approach to information integration. The tools are based on open standards, making them highly configurable and reusable. The three primary functional areas of the tools described are authoring, testing, and sharing. Published by Elsevier By.
C1 NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Morris, KC (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kcm@nist.gov
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-5489
J9 COMPUT STAND INTER
JI Comput. Stand. Interfaces
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 32
IS 4
BP 179
EP 184
DI 10.1016/j.csi.2010.01.005
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA 599ZW
UT WOS:000277954100003
ER

PT J
AU Gelatt, TS
   Davis, CS
   Stirling, I
   Siniff, DB
   Strobeck, C
   Delisle, I
AF Gelatt, Thomas S.
   Davis, Corey S.
   Stirling, Ian
   Siniff, Donald B.
   Strobeck, Curtis
   Delisle, Isabelle
TI History and fate of a small isolated population of Weddell seals at
   White Island, Antarctica
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Founder effect; Genetic drift; Inbreeding depression; Survival;
   Parentage analysis; Pedigree analysis; Leptonychotes weddellii
ID LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLII; MCMURDO-SOUND; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM;
   MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; GENETIC-VARIATION; SIZE;
   LOCI; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL
AB Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii Lesson) at White Island, Antarctica form a small, completely enclosed, natural population hypothesized to be of recent origin, likely founded by individuals from nearby Erebus Bay. This population constitutes an ideal model to document a founder event and ensuing genetic drift, with implications for conservation. Here we combined historical accounts, census and tagging data since the late 1960s, and genetic data (41 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA sequences) from 84 individuals representing nearly all individuals present between 1990 and 2000 to investigate the history of the founding of the White Island population, document its population dynamics and evaluate possible future threats. We fully resolved parental relationships over three overlapping generations. Cytonuclear disequilibrium among the first generation suggested that it comprised the direct descendants of a founding group. We estimated that the White Island population was founded by a small group of individuals that accessed the island during a brief break in the surrounding sea ice in the mid-1950s, consistent with historical accounts. Direct and indirect methods of calculating effective population size were highly congruent and suggested a minimum founding group consisting of three females and two males. The White Island population showed altered reproductive dynamics compared to Erebus Bay, including highly skewed sex ratio, documented inbred mating events, and the oldest known reproducing Weddell seals. A comparison with the putative source population showed that the White Island population has an effective inbreeding coefficient (F (e)) of 0.29. Based on a pedigree analysis including the hypothesized founding group, 86% of the individuals for whom parents were known had inbreeding coefficients ranging 0.09-0.31. This high level of inbreeding was correlated with reduced pup survival. Seals at White Island therefore face the combined effects of low genetic variability, lack of immigration, and inbreeding depression. Ultimately, this study provides evidence of the effects of natural isolation on a large, long-lived vertebrate and can provide clues to the potential effects of anthropogenic-caused isolation of similar taxa.
C1 [Gelatt, Thomas S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN USA.
   [Davis, Corey S.; Stirling, Ian; Strobeck, Curtis] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
   [Stirling, Ian] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
   [Siniff, Donald B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Gelatt, TS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Tom.Gelatt@noaa.gov; idelisle@ualberta.ca
RI Strobeck, Curtis/E-9998-2011; Davis, Corey/I-4058-2014
FU National Science Foundation [OPP-9420818, OPP-9725820]
FX Many persons graciously supplied samples, contacts, personal accounts,
   letters, field notes or pertinent reports, including J. Basset, M.
   Castellini, M. Crawley, A. DeVries, R. Eisert, L. Fuiman, R. Gee, B.
   Karl, H. Keys, G. Knox, G. Kooyman, L. Rea, C. Swithinbank, J. W. Testa
   and P. Wilson. Samples AF31, AF32, AF37 and AF0875 were provided by the
   University of Alaska museum, frozen tissue collection (J. A. Cook and G.
   H. Jarrell). We especially thank G. Knox for donating his field
   journals. M. Castellini, W. Testa and students, University of Alaska,
   Fairbanks, tagged seals and collected data at White Island, 1990-1994.
   K. Abernathy, A. Brunet, M. Cameron, C. Counard, S. Dahl, J. Degroot, R.
   Jensen, R. Johnson, D. McNulty, S. Melin, D. Monson, R. Reichle, B.
   Stewart and P. Yochem assisted with fieldwork during 1995-1999. R.
   Garrott, K. Proffitt and students at Montana State University provided
   recent population data collected since 2000. We thank D. Ainley, B.
   Dickerson, G. Duke, H. Huber, W. Testa, and two anonymous reviewers for
   manuscript reviews. Laboratory analyses were performed at the University
   of Alberta. Logistical support was provided by USAP. All sampling was
   carried out under US Marine Mammal Permit No. 976 and University of
   Minnesota Animal Care guidelines. This research was funded by National
   Science Foundation grants OPP-9420818 and OPP-9725820.
NR 81
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U1 1
U2 26
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 3
BP 721
EP 735
DI 10.1007/s10592-009-9856-6
PG 15
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 600AM
UT WOS:000277955700005
ER

PT J
AU Pastene, LA
   Acevedo, J
   Goto, M
   Zerbini, AN
   Acuna, P
   Aguayo-Lobo, A
AF Pastene, Luis A.
   Acevedo, Jorge
   Goto, Mutsuo
   Zerbini, Alexandre N.
   Acuna, Paola
   Aguayo-Lobo, Anelio
TI Population structure and possible migratory links of common minke
   whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, in the Southern Hemisphere
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Balaenoptera acutorostrata; Southern Hemisphere; mtDNA; Genetic
   diversity; Phylogeny
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL;
   SEQUENCES
AB Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences were analyzed to investigate population structure and possible migratory links of common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in two ocean basins: western South Atlantic (WSA) and western South Pacific (WSP). The results of several different phylogenetic estimations consistently grouped all haplotypes but one (n = 1) from these two ocean basins into two separate clades. South and North Atlantic haplotypes were more closely related to each other than either was to haplotypes from the WSP. The interpopulation genetic distance between WSA and WSP whales was similar to that reported between North Pacific and North Atlantic common minke whales (0.0234). The migration rate between the two ocean basins was estimated at near-zero using MDIV. The genetic evidence presented here was consistent with the hypothesis of migratory links among Brazil, Chilean Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula, and between low-latitude and Antarctic waters of the WSP. The results suggest multiple populations of common minke whales in the Southern Hemisphere, which may have conservation as well as taxonomic implications. Our single locus results should be corroborated by additional analyses in a larger number of samples and at more genetic markers.
C1 [Pastene, Luis A.; Goto, Mutsuo] Inst Cetacean Res, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 1040055, Japan.
   [Acevedo, Jorge; Acuna, Paola; Aguayo-Lobo, Anelio] Ctr Estudios Cuaternario Fuego Patagonia & Antarc, Punta Arenas, Chile.
   [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Inst Aqualie, Projeto Monitoramento Baleias Satelite, BR-22763010 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
   [Aguayo-Lobo, Anelio] Inst Antartico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile.
RP Pastene, LA (reprint author), Inst Cetacean Res, Chuo Ku, Toyomi Cho 4-5, Tokyo 1040055, Japan.
EM pastene@cetacean.jp
RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012
FU Fundacion Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario (CEQUA); Instituto
   Antartico Chileno (INACH); JARPA (Japanese Whale Research Program under
   Special Permit in the Antarctic) [1987/1988, 1992/1993]; Microsoft
   Corporation
FX We thank H. Oikawa (Institute of Cetacean Research, ICR) for laboratory
   assistance. We also thank N. Kanda (ICR), Bill Perrin (Southwest
   Fisheries Science Center), journal subject editor and two anonymous
   reviewers for useful comments and suggestions on this manuscript. The
   CEQUA researchers thank the Directors of the Fundacion Centro de
   Estudios del Cuaternario (CEQUA) and Instituto Antartico Chileno (INACH)
   for providing funding and support for the Antarctic Peninsula survey.
   Samples from Brazil were provided by Luciano Dalla-Rosa, Tony Greig,
   Everaldo Lima de Queiroz, Daniel Danilewicz, Ignacio Moreno, Marcos
   Cesar de Oliveira Santos, Alexandre Azevedo, Jose Lailson Brito Jr. and
   Paulo Simoes-Lopes. Samples from Areas IV and V in the Antarctic were
   collected by JARPA (Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit
   in the Antarctic) researchers between the austral summer seasons
   1987/1988 and 1992/1993. Part of this work was carried out by using the
   resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell
   University which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation.
NR 31
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U1 3
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1553
EP 1558
DI 10.1007/s10592-009-9944-7
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 612LI
UT WOS:000278899500027
ER

PT J
AU Hinderstein, LM
   Marr, JCA
   Martinez, FA
   Dowgiallo, MJ
   Puglise, KA
   Pyle, RL
   Zawada, DG
   Appeldoorn, R
AF Hinderstein, L. M.
   Marr, J. C. A.
   Martinez, F. A.
   Dowgiallo, M. J.
   Puglise, K. A.
   Pyle, R. L.
   Zawada, D. G.
   Appeldoorn, R.
TI Theme section on "Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems: Characterization,
   Ecology, and Management"
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Mesophotic coral ecosystem; Biodiversity; Geomorphology; Connectivity;
   Community structure; Resource management
ID LEE-STOCKING-ISLAND; BAHAMAS WESTERN ATLANTIC; BENTHIC MARINE-ALGAE;
   TWILIGHT-ZONE; DEEP-REEF; ANNOTATED CHECKLIST; UNCHARTED SEAMOUNT;
   FORE-REEF; FISH; COMMUNITIES
AB Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are characterized by the presence of light-dependent corals and associated communities that are typically found at depths ranging from 30 to 40 m and extending to over 150 m in tropical and subtropical regions. The dominant communities providing structural habitat in the mesophotic zone can be comprised of coral, sponge, and algal species. Because working in this depth range is constrained by traditional SCUBA limits, less is known about corals and associated organisms there compared to shallower coral communities. Following the first-ever gathering of international scientists to review and discuss existing knowledge of MCEs, this issue focuses on the ecological characterization, geomorphology, and concept of MCEs as refugia for shallow-water populations. The review and research papers comprising this special issue reflect the current scientific understanding of these ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms that regulate them, as well as potential resource management implications. It is important to understand the value and role of mesophotic coral ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions as these areas face increasing environmental change and human impacts.
C1 [Hinderstein, L. M.; Martinez, F. A.; Dowgiallo, M. J.; Puglise, K. A.] NOAA, Ctr Sponsored Coastal Ocean Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Marr, J. C. A.] Perry Inst Marine Sci, Jupiter, FL 33477 USA.
   [Puglise, K. A.] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, NOAAs Undersea Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Pyle, R. L.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Dept Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA.
   [Zawada, D. G.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
   [Appeldoorn, R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
RP Hinderstein, LM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sponsored Coastal Ocean Res, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM lara.hinderstein@noaa.gov
RI Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Zawada, David/C-5209-2008
NR 42
TC 61
Z9 62
U1 4
U2 26
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
EI 1432-0975
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 2
BP 247
EP 251
DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0614-5
PG 5
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 592WJ
UT WOS:000277412000001
ER

PT J
AU Kahng, SE
   Garcia-Sais, JR
   Spalding, HL
   Brokovich, E
   Wagner, D
   Weil, E
   Hinderstein, L
   Toonen, RJ
AF Kahng, S. E.
   Garcia-Sais, J. R.
   Spalding, H. L.
   Brokovich, E.
   Wagner, D.
   Weil, E.
   Hinderstein, L.
   Toonen, R. J.
TI Community ecology of mesophotic coral reef ecosystems
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Review
DE Mesophotic; Deep coral reef; Scleractinian; Community structure; Ecology
ID DEEP FORE-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN MYCETOPHYLLIA-REESI; SAN-SALVADOR ISLAND;
   GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SEA TWILIGHT ZONE; LEPTOSERIS-FRAGILIS; RED-SEA;
   MARSHALL-ISLANDS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BUILDING CORAL
AB Given the global degradation of shallow-water coral reef ecosystems resulting from anthropogenic activities, mesophotic coral reef ecosystems (MCEs) are gaining attention because they are generally considered a de facto refuge for shallow-water species. Despite their inferred importance, MCEs remain one of the most understudied reef habitats, and basic information on the taxonomic composition, depth range, habitat preferences, and abundance and distribution of MCE taxa is scarce. The processes that structure these communities are virtually unknown. Here, we provide a review of what is known about MCEs community ecology and outline essential gaps in our knowledge of these deeper water coral reef ecosystems. The primary findings of this review are as follows: (1) many dominant shallow-water species are absent from MCEs; (2) compared to shallow reefs, herbivores are relatively scarce, perhaps due to limited habitat complexity at depth; (3) changes in the dominant photosynthetic taxa with depth suggest adaptation and specialization to depth; (4) evidence regarding the importance of heterotrophy for zooxanthellate corals at depth is conflicting and inconclusive; and (5) decreased light with depth, but not temperature, appears to be the primary factor limiting the depth of MCEs. The majority of research done to date has been performed in the Caribbean, where some generalization can be made about the community structure and distribution of MCEs. The larger and more diverse Indo-Pacific remains largely unexplored with no apparent generalizations from the few sites that have been comparatively well studied. For MCEs, large gaps in knowledge remain on fundamental aspects of ecology. Advanced technologies must be harnessed and logistical challenges overcome to close this knowledge gap and empower resource managers to make informed decisions on conserving shallow-water and mesophotic coral reef ecosystems.
C1 [Kahng, S. E.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA.
   [Garcia-Sais, J. R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Lajas, PR 00667 USA.
   [Spalding, H. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Brokovich, E.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
   [Wagner, D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Weil, E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
   [Hinderstein, L.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Sponsored Coastal Ocean Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Toonen, R. J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
RP Kahng, SE (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, 41-202 Kalanianaole Highway, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA.
EM skahng@hpu.edu; renigar@caribe.net; hspaldin@hawaii.edu;
   eran.brokovich@mail.huji.ac.il; wagnerda@hawaii.edu; eweil@caribe.net;
   lara.hinderstein@noaa.gov; toonen@hawaii.edu
RI Brokovich, Eran/A-4911-2009; Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Toonen,
   Rob/K-2891-2012
OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340
FU United States Geological Survey; Perry Institute for Marine Science
FX This publication is supported in part by NOAA's Center for Sponsored
   Coastal Ocean Research, NOAA's National Undersea Research Program, the
   United States Geological Survey, and the Perry Institute for Marine
   Science. Views of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily
   reflect the views of supporting agencies.
NR 155
TC 107
Z9 111
U1 21
U2 87
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
EI 1432-0975
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 2
BP 255
EP 275
DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0593-6
PG 21
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 592WJ
UT WOS:000277412000003
ER

PT J
AU Smith, TB
   Blondeau, J
   Nemeth, RS
   Pittman, SJ
   Calnan, JM
   Kadison, E
   Gass, J
AF Smith, T. B.
   Blondeau, J.
   Nemeth, R. S.
   Pittman, S. J.
   Calnan, J. M.
   Kadison, E.
   Gass, J.
TI Benthic structure and cryptic mortality in a Caribbean mesophotic coral
   reef bank system, the Hind Bank Marine Conservation District, US Virgin
   Islands
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mesophotic coral ecosystem; US Virgin Islands; Benthic composition;
   Coral disease; Bank reef; Refugia
ID BLEACHING EVENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLORIDA-KEYS; DEEP REEFS; RED HIND;
   PLATFORM; ECOLOGY; WATER; RESILIENCE; HURRICANES
AB Coral reef banks may form an important component of mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) in the Caribbean, but remain poorly explored relative to shallower reefs and mesophotic habitats on slopes and walls. Consequently, the processes structuring mesophotic coral reef communities are not well understood, particularly the role of disturbance. A large and regionally important mesophotic system, the Hind Bank Marine Conservation District (MCD), St. Thomas, USVI, was systematically surveyed. Data were used to construct a comprehensive benthic habitat map for the MCD, describe the abiotic and biotic components of the benthos among habitats, and investigate patterns of coral health among habitats. Two-thirds of the MCD (23.6 km(2)) was found to be dense coral reef (Coral Cover = 24.1%) dominated by the Montastraea annularis species complex. Coral reef ecosystems were topographically complex, but could be classified into distinct habitat types, including high coral banks (35.8% of the MCD) and two large novel coral reef habitat types corresponding to an extremely flat basin (18%) and a highly rugose hillock basin (6.5%), containing thousands of coral knolls (2-10 m high). An extreme disease event with undescribed signs of mortality occurred on 47% of coral reefs and reached a high prevalence in affected areas (42.4% +/- A 6.3 SE, N = 26). The disease was significantly clustered in the basin habitats of the western MCD (global Moran's I = 0.32, P < 0.01). Observations of the spatial pattern suggested that the driver was specific to the basin habitats and may have been caused by a coherent abiotic event.
C1 [Smith, T. B.; Blondeau, J.; Nemeth, R. S.; Pittman, S. J.; Calnan, J. M.; Kadison, E.; Gass, J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA.
   [Pittman, S. J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Smith, TB (reprint author), Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, 2 John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA.
EM tsmith@uvi.edu
FU Caribbean Fisheries Management Council; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration, through the USVI Division of Coastal Zone Management
   (Department of Planning and Natural Resources); Lana Vento Charitable
   Trust; US National Science Foundation
FX We would like to thank the following people and organizations. The
   Caribbean Fisheries Management Council and the National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration, through the USVI Division of Coastal Zone
   Management (Department of Planning and Natural Resources), provided
   funding to support fieldwork. The Lana Vento Charitable Trust and the US
   National Science Foundation, through the VI Experimental Program to
   Stimulate Competitive Research (VI- EPSCoR), contributed valuable
   infrastructure support and research equipment. C. Joseph gave excellent
   administrative support. We are also indebted to the field assistance and
   wisdom of K. Turbe, R. Garcia, M. Carlos, J. Sabater, and K. Brown. We
   also kindly thank three anonymous reviewers who provided helpful
   comments that improved the manuscript. All views expressed are those of
   the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the granting
   agencies and support personnel. This is contribution #54 from the Center
   for Marine and Environmental Studies at the University of the Virgin
   Islands.
NR 62
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 2
BP 289
EP 308
DI 10.1007/s00338-009-0575-8
PG 20
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 592WJ
UT WOS:000277412000005
ER

PT J
AU Locker, SD
   Armstrong, RA
   Battista, TA
   Rooney, JJ
   Sherman, C
   Zawada, DG
AF Locker, S. D.
   Armstrong, R. A.
   Battista, T. A.
   Rooney, J. J.
   Sherman, C.
   Zawada, D. G.
TI Geomorphology of mesophotic coral ecosystems: current perspectives on
   morphology, distribution, and mapping strategies
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Review
DE Mesophotic; Coral; Geomorphology; US Waters
ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE; FLORIDA PLATFORM MARGIN; DROWNED
   BARRIER-ISLAND; STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS; SEA-LEVEL; UNITED-STATES;
   SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; AUAU CHANNEL; REEF SYSTEMS; ST-CROIX
AB This paper presents a general review of the distribution of mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) in relationship to geomorphology in US waters. It was specifically concerned with the depth range of 30-100 m, where more than 186,000 km(2) of potential seafloor area was identified within the US Gulf of Mexico/Florida, Caribbean, and main Hawaiian Islands. The geomorphology of MCEs was largely inherited from a variety of pre-existing structures of highly diverse origins, which, in combination with environmental stress and physical controls, restrict the distribution of MCEs. Sea-level history, along with depositional and erosional processes, played an integral role in formation of MCE settings. However, mapping the distribution of both potential MCE topography/substrate and existing MCE habitat is only beginning. Mapping techniques pertinent to understanding morphology and MCE distributions are discussed throughout this paper. Future investigations need to consider more cost-effective and remote methods (such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and acoustics) in order to assess the distribution and extent of MCE habitat. Some understanding of the history of known MCEs through coring studies would help understand their initiation and response to environmental change over time, essential for assessing how they may be impacted by future environmental change.
C1 [Locker, S. D.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
   [Armstrong, R. A.; Sherman, C.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
   [Battista, T. A.] NOAA, NOS, CCMA Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Rooney, J. J.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
   [Zawada, D. G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
   [Rooney, J. J.] NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
RP Locker, SD (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM stan@marine.usf.edu
RI Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Zawada, David/C-5209-2008
FU United States Geological Survey; Perry Institute for Marine Science;
   National Science Foundation [EEC-9986821]; USGS
FX This publication is supported in part by NOAA's Center for Sponsored
   Coastal Ocean Research, NOAA's National Undersea Research Program, the
   United States Geological Survey, and the Perry Institute for Marine
   Science. Views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not
   necessarily reflect the views of the supporting agencies. SDL thanks Al
   Hine for his leadership and collaboration on Florida platform studies
   over the years. RAA thanks Hanumant Singh and the Seabed AUV operations
   team from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and funding by the
   CenSSIS ERC of the National Science Foundation under Grant EEC-9986821.
   TAB thanks Bryan Costa who helped in running the spatial predictions for
   MCE areas. JJR thanks Tony Montgomery and Heather Spalding for
   collaborating on the Pacific Islands review section. DGZ thanks the USGS
   Coastal Marine and Geology Program for funding his involvement in this
   project. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for
   information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty,
   expressed or implied, by the US Government, as to their suitability,
   content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. This
   manuscript benefited from thoughtful reviews by Robert N. Ginsburg and
   other anonymous reviewers, their effort is greatly appreciated.
NR 81
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 6
U2 35
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 2
BP 329
EP 345
DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0613-6
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 592WJ
UT WOS:000277412000007
ER

PT J
AU Rooney, J
   Donham, E
   Montgomery, A
   Spalding, H
   Parrish, F
   Boland, R
   Fenner, D
   Gove, J
   Vetter, O
AF Rooney, J.
   Donham, E.
   Montgomery, A.
   Spalding, H.
   Parrish, F.
   Boland, R.
   Fenner, D.
   Gove, J.
   Vetter, O.
TI Mesophotic coral ecosystems in the Hawaiian Archipelago
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mesophotic coral ecosystem; Hawai'i; Main Hawaiian Islands; Northwestern
   Hawaiian Islands; Coral morphology; Coral distribution
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEEP-REEF; ZONATION; RESILIENCE; ECOLOGY; WORLD
AB Efforts to map coral reef ecosystems in the Hawaiian Archipelago using optical imagery have revealed the presence of numerous scleractinian, zoothanthellate coral reefs at depths of 30-130+ m, most of which were previously undiscovered. Such coral reefs and their associated communities have been recently defined as mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs). Several types of MCEs are found in Hawai'i, each of which dominates a different depth range and is characterized by a unique pattern of coral community structure and colony morphology. Although MCEs are documented near both ends of the archipelago and on many of the islands in between, the maximum depth and prevalence of MCEs in Hawai'i were found to decline with increasing latitude. The Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) had significantly deeper and greater percentages of scleractinian coral, and peaks in cover of both scleractinian corals and macroalgae occurred within depth bins 20 m deeper than in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Across the archipelago, as depth increased the combined percentage of living cover of mega benthic taxa declined sharply with increasing depth below 70 m, despite the widespread availability of hard substrate.
C1 [Rooney, J.; Donham, E.; Gove, J.; Vetter, O.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
   [Rooney, J.; Donham, E.; Gove, J.; Vetter, O.] NOAA, NMFS, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
   [Spalding, H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Parrish, F.; Boland, R.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Fenner, D.] Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA.
   [Montgomery, A.] Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Aquat Resources, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
RP Rooney, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125-B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
EM john.rooney@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA05OAR4301108]
FX This research was made possible by grants from the National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program to the
   Coral Reef Ecosystem Division of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries
   Science Center. Additional support was provided by the NOAA Coastal
   Ocean Program to the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center.
   Submersible support was provided by NOAA Undersea Research Program's
   Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory under award NA05OAR4301108. The
   assistance of Scott Ferguson, Rusty Brainard and the staff of the Coral
   Reef Ecosystem Division and the officers and crew of the NOAA ships O.E.
   Sette and Hi'ialakai are gratefully acknowledged. Steve Coles of Bishop
   Museum provided taxonomic identification of coral samples. Frances
   Lichowski assisted with the preparation of Figures. Several anonymous
   reviewers made numerous suggestions to improve this manuscript.
NR 29
TC 33
Z9 35
U1 2
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 2
BP 361
EP 367
DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0596-3
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 592WJ
UT WOS:000277412000009
ER

PT J
AU Bare, AY
   Grimshaw, KL
   Rooney, JJ
   Sabater, MG
   Fenner, D
   Carroll, B
AF Bare, A. Y.
   Grimshaw, K. L.
   Rooney, J. J.
   Sabater, M. G.
   Fenner, D.
   Carroll, B.
TI Mesophotic communities of the insular shelf at Tutuila, American Samoa
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mesophotic coral ecosystem; Insular shelf; Submerged banks; Coral reefs;
   Tutuila; American Samoa
ID SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; REEF; DEEP; ZONATION
AB An investigation into the insular shelf and submerged banks surrounding Tutuila, American Samoa, was conducted using a towed camera system. Surveys confirmed the presence of zooxanthellate scleractinian coral communities at mesophotic depths (30-110 m). Quantification of video data, separated into 10-m-depth intervals, yielded a vertical, landward-to-seaward and horizontal distribution of benthic assemblages. Hard substrata composed a majority of bottom cover in shallow water, whereas unconsolidated sediments dominated the deep insular shelf and outer reef slopes. Scleractinian coral cover was highest atop mid-shelf patch reefs and on the submerged bank tops in depths of 30-50 m. Macroalgal cover was highest near shore and on reef slopes approaching the bank tops at 50-60 m. Percent cover of scleractinian coral colony morphology revealed a number of trends. Encrusting corals belonging to the genus Montipora were most abundant at shallow depths with cover gradually decreasing as depth increased. Massive corals, such as Porites spp., displayed a similar trend. Percent cover values of plate-like corals formed a normal distribution, with the highest cover observed in the 60-70 m depth range. Shallow plate-like corals belonged mostly to the genus Acropora and appeared to be significantly prevalent on the northeastern and eastern banks. Deeper plate-like corals on the reef slopes were dominated by Leptoseris, Pachyseris, or Montipora genera. Branching coral cover was high in the 80-110 m depth range. Columnar and free-living corals were also occasionally observed from 40-70 m.
C1 [Bare, A. Y.; Grimshaw, K. L.; Rooney, J. J.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Kewalo Res Facil, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
   [Sabater, M. G.; Fenner, D.; Carroll, B.] Amer Samoa Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA.
RP Bare, AY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Kewalo Res Facil, 1125-B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
EM abare@hawaii.edu; John.Rooney@noaa.gov
FU NOAA
FX Funding to the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral
   Reef Ecosystem Division for scientific expeditions to American Samoa was
   provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. We greatly
   appreciate the field assistance of Emily Hirsch, Frances Lichowski, and
   Gillian Clague. We also express our gratitude to Kurt Hagedorn and Andy
   Wearing of the M/V Bonavista II.
NR 21
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 2
BP 369
EP 377
DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0600-y
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 592WJ
UT WOS:000277412000010
ER

PT J
AU Gopalakrishna, VV
   Durand, F
   Nisha, K
   Lengaigne, M
   Boyer, TP
   Costa, J
   Rao, RR
   Ravichandran, M
   Amrithash, S
   John, L
   Girish, K
   Ravichandran, C
   Suneel, V
AF Gopalakrishna, V. V.
   Durand, F.
   Nisha, K.
   Lengaigne, M.
   Boyer, T. P.
   Costa, J.
   Rao, R. R.
   Ravichandran, M.
   Amrithash, S.
   John, L.
   Girish, K.
   Ravichandran, C.
   Suneel, V.
TI Observed intra-seasonal to interannual variability of the upper ocean
   thermal structure in the southeastern Arabian Sea during 2002-2008
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
DE XBT data; Arabian Sea; Lakshadweep Sea; Interannual variability;
   Intra-seasonal variability; WICC
ID NORTH INDIAN-OCEAN; MINI-WARM POOL; MIXED-LAYER; SURFACE TEMPERATURE;
   HEAT-BUDGET; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; TROPICAL OCEANS; LAKSHADWEEP SEA; ONSET
   VORTEX; WEST-COAST
AB The southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS), located in the Indian Ocean warm pool, is a key-region of the regional climate system. It is suspected to play an important role in the dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon system. The present study reports the salient features derived from a newly harvested observational dataset consisting of repeated fortnightly XBT transects in the SEAS over the period 2002-2008. The fortnightly resolution of such a multi-year record duration is unprecedented in this part of the world ocean and provides a unique opportunity to examine the observed variability of the near-surface thermal structure over a wide spectrum, from intra-seasonal to interannual timescales. We find that most of the variability is trapped in the thermocline, taking the form of upwelling and downwelling motions of the thermal stratification. The seasonal variations are consistent with past studies and confirm the role of the monsoonal wind forcing through linear baroclinic waves (coastally-trapped Kelvin and planetary Rossby waves). Sub-seasonal variability takes the form of anomalous events lasting a few weeks to a few months and occurs at two preferred timescales: in the 30-110 day band, within the frequency domain of the Madden-Julian oscillation and in the 120-180 day band. While this sub-seasonal variability appears fairly barotropic in the offshore region, the sign of the anomaly in the upper thermocline is opposite to that in its lower part on many occasions along the coast. Our dataset also reveals relatively large interannual temperature variations of about 1 degrees C from 50 to 200 m depth that reflect a considerable year-to-year variability of the magnitude of both upwelling and downwelling events. This study clearly demonstrates the necessity for sustained long-term temperature measurements in the SEAS. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gopalakrishna, V. V.; Durand, F.; Nisha, K.; Lengaigne, M.; Costa, J.; Suneel, V.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji, Goa, India.
   [Durand, F.] UPS, CNRS CNES IRD, LEGOS, UMR5566, Toulouse, France.
   [Rao, R. R.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
   [Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Amrithash, S.; John, L.; Girish, K.; Ravichandran, C.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, Panaji 403004, Goa, India.
   [Lengaigne, M.] CNRS, Lab Oceanog & Climatol Experimentat & Anal, Paris, France.
   [Boyer, T. P.] NOAA Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Gopalakrishna, VV (reprint author), Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji, Goa, India.
EM gopal@nio.org
RI Lengaigne, Matthieu/K-4345-2013; Lengaigne, Matthieu/M-8321-2014;
   DURAND, Fabien/G-4229-2016; 
OI Lengaigne, Matthieu/0000-0002-0044-036X; DURAND,
   Fabien/0000-0001-9660-1422; Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731
FU Ministry of Earth Sciences in India through the Indian National Centre
   for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS); Council of Scientific and
   Industrial Research, India; NIO [4700]
FX The repeated XBT measurement program in the Lakshadweep Sea is a major
   long-term ongoing observational initiative supported by the Ministry of
   Earth Sciences in India through the Indian National Centre for Ocean
   Information Services (INCOIS). We thank the Lakshadweep Administrator
   for permitting XBT measurements onboard their passenger ships. Mr.
   Shamkant Akerkar helped in the preparation of figures. K. Nisha
   acknowledges the financial support from the Council of Scientific and
   Industrial Research, India. We thank Jerome Vialard for useful
   discussions. Constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers are
   gratefully acknowledged. This is NIO contribution 4700.
NR 47
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0637
EI 1879-0119
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 6
BP 739
EP 754
DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.010
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 616SN
UT WOS:000279229200001
ER

PT J
AU Peng, TH
   Wanninkhof, R
AF Peng, Tsung-Hung
   Wanninkhof, Rik
TI Increase in anthropogenic CO2 in the Atlantic Ocean in the last two
   decades
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Global carbon cycle; Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2; Decadal
   increase in DIC in the Atlantic Ocean
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INVENTORY
AB Data from the first systematic survey of inorganic carbon parameters on a global scale, the GEOSECS program, are compared with those collected during WOCE/JGOFS to study the changes in carbon and other geochemical properties, and anthropogenic CO2 increase in the Atlantic Ocean from the 1970s to the early 1990s. This first data-based estimate of CO2 increase over this period was accomplished by adjusting the GEOSECS data set to be consistent with recent high-quality carbon data. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and extended Multiple Linear Regression (eMLR) analyses to these carbon data are applied by regressing DIC with potential temperature, salinity, AOU, silica, and PO4 in three latitudinal regions for the western and eastern basins in the Atlantic Ocean. The results from MLR (and eMLR provided in parentheses) indicate that the mean anthropogenic CO2 uptake rate in the western basin is 0.70 (0.53) mol m(-2) yr(-1) for the region north of 15 degrees N; 0.53 (0.36) mol m(-2) yr(-1) for the equatorial region between 15 degrees N and 15 degrees S; and 0.83 (0.35) mol m(-2) yr(-1) in the South Atlantic south of 15 degrees S. For the eastern basin an estimate of 0.57 (0.45) mol m(-2) yr(-1) is obtained for the equatorial region, and 0.28 (0.34) mol m(-2) yr(-1) for the South Atlantic south of 15 degrees S. The results of using eMLR are systematically lower than those from MLR method in the western basin. The anthropogenic CO2 increase is also estimated in the upper thermocline from salinity normalized DIC after correction for AOU along the isopycnal surfaces. For these depths the results are consistent with the CO2 uptake rates derived from both MLR and eMLR methods. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Peng, Tsung-Hung; Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Peng, TH (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Tsung-Hung.Peng@noaa.gov
NR 36
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 16
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0637
EI 1879-0119
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 6
BP 755
EP 770
DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.008
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 616SN
UT WOS:000279229200002
ER

PT J
AU Quinn, JB
   Quinn, GD
AF Quinn, Janet B.
   Quinn, George D.
TI Material properties and fractography of an indirect dental resin
   composite
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Composite; Resin; Material properties; Strength; Hardness; Indentation
   size effect; Fractography; Fracture mirror; Fracture origin; Failure
   analysis; R-Curve
ID EDGE-STRENGTH; TOUGHNESS; BRITTLENESS; CERAMICS
AB Objectives. Determination of material and fractographic properties of a dental indirect resin composite material.
   Methods. A resin composite (Paradigm, 3M-ESPE, MN) was characterized by strength, static elastic modulus, Knoop hardness, fracture toughness and edge toughness. Fractographic analyses of the broken bar surfaces was accomplished with a combination of optical and SEM techniques, and included determination of the type and size of the failure origins, and fracture mirror and branching constants.
   Results. The flexure test mean strength +/- standard deviation was 145 +/- 17MPa, and edge toughness, T(e), was 172 +/- 12 N/mm. Knoop hardness was load dependent, with a plateau at 0.99 +/- 0.02 GPa. Mirrors in the bar specimens were measured with difficulty, resulting in a mirror constant of approximately 2.6 MPa m(1/2). Fracture in the bar specimens initiated at equiaxed material flaws that had different filler concentrations that sometimes were accompanied by partial microcracks. Using the measured flaw sizes, which ranged from 35 to 100 mu m in size, and using estimates of the stress intensity shape factors, fracture toughness was estimated to be 1.1 +/- 0.2 MPa m(1/2).
   Significance. Coupling the flexure tests with fractographic examination enabled identification of the intrinsic strength limiting flaws. The same techniques could be useful in determining if clinical restorations of similar materials fail from the same causes. The existence of a strong load-dependence of the Knoop hardness of the resin composite is not generally mentioned in the literature, and is important for material comparisons and wear evaluation studies. Finally, the edge toughness test was found promising as a quantitative measure of resistance to edge chipping, an important failure mode in this class of materials. (C) 2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Quinn, Janet B.; Quinn, George D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Mailstop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
EM george.quinn@nist.gov
FU American Dental Association Foundation; NIST; NIH [R01-DE17983]
FX The authors appreciate the support of the American Dental Association
   Foundation, NIST, and NIH Grant R01-DE17983, which made this work
   possible. We thank 3M-ESPE for furnishing the materials evaluated in
   this study and appreciate technical discussions with Dr. Richard Rusin.
NR 39
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U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 6
BP 589
EP 599
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2010.02.008
PG 11
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 588PS
UT WOS:000277085500012
PM 20304478
ER

PT J
AU Tolkova, E
AF Tolkova, Elena
TI EOF analysis of a time series with application to tsunami detection
SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE Time series analysis; Empirical Orthogonal Functions; Filtering;
   Detiding; Tide prediction; Tsunami
ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; LINEAR PREDICTION ALGORITHM;
   SINGULAR-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; 26 DECEMBER 2004; SUMATRA TSUNAMI; OCEAN;
   EXAMPLES; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC; MODEL
AB Fragments of deep-ocean tidal records up to 3 days long belong to the same functional sub-space, regardless of the record's origin. The tidal sub-space basis can be derived via Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of a tidal record of a single buoy. Decomposition of a tsunami buoy record in a functional space of tidal EOFs presents an efficient tool for a short-term tidal forecast, as well as for an accurate tidal removal needed for early tsunami detection and quantification [Tolkova, E., 2009. Principal component analysis of tsunami buoy record: tide prediction and removal. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 46 (1-4), 62-82] EOF analysis of a time series, however, assumes that the time series represents a stationary (in the weak sense) process. In the present work, a modification of one-dimensional EOF formalism not restricted to stationary processes is introduced. With this modification, the EOF-based de-tiding/forecasting technique can be interpreted in terms of a signal passage through a filter bank, which is unique for the sub-space spanned by the EOFs. This interpretation helps to identify a harmonic content of a continuous process whose fragments are decomposed by given EOFs. In particular, seven EOFs and a constant function are proved to decompose 1-day-long tidal fragments at any location. Filtering by projection into a reduced sub-space of the above EOFs is capable of isolating a tsunami wave within a few millimeter accuracy from the first minutes of the tsunami appearance on a tsunami buoy record, and is reliable in the presence of data gaps. EOFs with similar to 3-day duration (a reciprocal of either tidal band width) allow short-term (24.75 h in advance) tidal predictions using the inherent structure of a tidal signal. The predictions do not require any a priori knowledge of tidal processes at a particular location, except for recent 49.5 h long recordings at the location. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Washington, JISAO, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Tolkova, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, PMEL, Box 354925, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM etolkova@u.washington.edu
FU NOAA; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
   under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, 1606, 3267]
FX This study and publication are funded by NOAA and by the Joint Institute
   for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative
   Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution 1606 (JISAO) and 3267 (PMEL). All
   the DART records used in this work have been obtained from NOAA's
   National Data Buoy Center public website
   (http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/dart.shtml). I thank my colleagues in the NOAA
   Center for Tsunami Research for implementing an EOF filter as one of the
   de-tiding methods in the Short-term Inundation Forecasting for Tsunamis
   (SIFT) system. Sincere thanks are due to Ryan L. Whitney for
   proofreading the manuscript. I also thank the reviewers for their
   comments and suggestions.
NR 29
TC 6
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U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0265
J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS
JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 1
BP 35
EP 54
DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2009.09.001
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Oceanography
GA 614GH
UT WOS:000279042900003
ER

PT J
AU Weigel, RS
   Zhizhin, M
   Mishin, D
   Kokovin, D
   Kihn, E
   Faden, J
AF Weigel, Robert S.
   Zhizhin, Mikhail
   Mishin, Dmitry
   Kokovin, Dmitry
   Kihn, Eric
   Faden, Jeremy
TI VxOware: software for managing virtual observatory metadata
SO EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Metadata; XML; XQuery; Virtual observatory
AB The recent Heliophysics Virtual Observatory (VxO) effort involves the development of separate observatories with a low overlap in physical domain or area of scientific specialization and a high degree of overlap in metadata management needs. VxOware is a content and metadata management system. While it is intended for use by a VxO specifically, it can also be used by any entity that manages structured metadata. VxOware has many features of a content management system and extensively uses the W3C recommendations for XML (Extensible Markup Language), XQuery (XML Query), and XSLT (Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformations). VxOware has features such as system and user administration, search, user-editable content, version tracking, and a wiki. Besides virtual observatories, the intended user-base of VxOware includes a group or an instrument team that has developed a directory structure of data files and would like to make this data, and its associated metadata, available in the virtual observatory network. One of the most powerful features of VxOware is the ability to link any type of object in the observatory to other objects and the ability for every object to be tagged.
C1 [Weigel, Robert S.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
   [Zhizhin, Mikhail; Mishin, Dmitry; Kokovin, Dmitry] Russian Acad Sci, Geophys Ctr, Moscow 119296, Russia.
   [Kihn, Eric] Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Faden, Jeremy] Cottage Syst, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA.
RP Weigel, RS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM rweigel@gmu.edu
RI ZHIZHIN, Mikhail/B-9795-2014
FU NASA [NNX07AB70G]; NSF [0457577]
FX Development was supported in part by NASA grant NNX07AB70G (VxO for S3C
   Data: The Virtual Radiation Belt Observatory) and NSF grant 0457577
   (FDSS: Faculty Development in Space Weather Research: A Systems
   Perspective).
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1865-0473
J9 EARTH SCI INFORM
JI Earth Sci. Inform.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 1-2
BP 19
EP 28
DI 10.1007/s12145-010-0048-1
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA 703XH
UT WOS:000286014100003
ER

PT J
AU Nassar, AA
   Childs, RD
   Boyle, ME
   Jameson, KA
   Fowke, M
   Hovan, MJ
   Cook, CB
AF Nassar, A. A.
   Childs, R. D.
   Boyle, M. E.
   Jameson, K. A.
   Fowke, M.
   Hovan, M. J.
   Cook, C. B.
TI Diabetes in the Desert: What Do Patients Know about the Heat?.
SO ENDOCRINE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 92nd Meeting and Expo of the Endocrine Society (ENDO 2010)
CY JUN 19-22, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP Endocrine Society
C1 [Nassar, A. A.; Childs, R. D.; Boyle, M. E.; Jameson, K. A.; Hovan, M. J.; Cook, C. B.] Mayo Clin Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA.
   [Fowke, M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ENDOCRINE SOC
PI CHEVY CHASE
PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA
SN 0163-769X
J9 ENDOCR REV
JI Endocr. Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 3
SU 1
PG 1
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 652FV
UT WOS:000281989403719
ER

PT J
AU Molloy, JL
   MacDonald, BS
   Kelly, WR
AF Molloy, John L.
   MacDonald, Bruce S.
   Kelly, W. Robert
TI Software Package To Facilitate the Preparation of Intermediate-Range
   Fossil Fuel Standards from Certified Reference Materials
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
AB A PC software package has been developed in Visual Basic for Applications to assist analysts in mixing fossil fuel reference materials to produce standards of intermediate concentrations. Mixing appropriate reference materials of similar matrices permits the analyst to produce needed standards over a continuous concentration range for analytes of interest. The program automates selection of optimum mixtures and calculates the concentrations and associated uncertainties of analytes in the blends. A graphical interface depicting all possible blends and an automated quality control test to monitor the process for potential problems are included.
C1 [Molloy, John L.; Kelly, W. Robert] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [MacDonald, Bruce S.] NIST, Measurement Serv Div, Technol Serv, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Molloy, JL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.molloy@nist.gov
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 24
BP 3560
EP 3564
DI 10.1021/ef100206e
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 611VG
UT WOS:000278851200037
ER

PT J
AU Huber, ML
   Lemmon, EW
   Bruno, TJ
AF Huber, M. L.
   Lemmon, E. W.
   Bruno, T. J.
TI Surrogate Mixture Models for the Thermophysical Properties of Aviation
   Fuel Jet-A
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1;
   THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; REFRIGERANT MIXTURES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;
   DIESEL FUELS; N-DODECANE; IMPROVEMENTS; S-8; PREDICTION
AB We developed surrogate mixture models to represent the thermophysical properties of two samples of aviation turbine fuel Jet-A. One sample is a composite of numerous batches from multiple manufacturers and is considered to be a representative fuel. A second sample, while still meeting the fuel specifications, contained a lower than normal aromatic content and was selected to demonstrate some of the compositional variability seen among different batches of Jet-A fuel. A surrogate for each fuel was developed with a procedure that incorporated experimental data for the density, sound speed, viscosity, thermal conductivity, cetane number, and the volatility (as indicated by advanced distillation curves) for samples of the two fuels. The surrogates are simple mixtures containing eight or fewer components, yet they can represent with low uncertainty the thermophysical properties of actual real fluids that are very complex mixtures of hundreds of components.
C1 [Huber, M. L.; Lemmon, E. W.; Bruno, T. J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR-F1ATA091146004-000-000]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Office
   of Scientific Research (Grant MIPR-F1ATA091146004-000-000). We also
   thank Johannes Gernert and Monika Thol from the Lehrstuhl fur
   Thermodynamik, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum for their contributions to the
   equations of state used in this work. Finally, we also thank our NIST
   colleagues T. Fortin, A. Laesecke, R. Perkins, S. Outcalt, and M.
   McLinden for sharing their data prior to publication, helpful
   discussions, and assistance.
NR 57
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 31
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 24
BP 3565
EP 3571
DI 10.1021/ef100208c
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 611VG
UT WOS:000278851200038
ER

PT J
AU Lovestead, TM
   Windom, BC
   Bruno, TJ
AF Lovestead, Tara M.
   Windom, Bret C.
   Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Investigating the Unique Properties of Cuphea-Derived Biodiesel Fuel
   with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET
   PROPELLANTS RP-1; DIESEL FUEL; FATTY-ACIDS; AVIATION FUEL;
   THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; CORN-BELT; OIL
AB Currently, there is a desire to extend or enhance petroleum-derived diesel fuel with biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel fuel is a renewable, biomass-derived fluid that is biodegradable and nontoxic and can impart increased lubricity to petroleum-derived diesel fuels. In this paper, we analyze the properties of two biodiesel fuels produced from different feedstocks by use of the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method. The biodiesel fuels include a soybean-derived biodiesel fuel. SME, and a cuphea-derived biodiesel fuel, CME. Specifically, we present the thermodynamically consistent distillation curves and use the composition channel to characterize the curves in terms of composition and available energy content. This work provides a basis of comparison among these fuels in terms of the fundamental thermophysical properties. This comparison will be critical in determining the applicability and suitability of feedstocks designed for the production and manufacturing of biodiesel fuel to enhance or extend current petroleum-derived diesel fuels.
C1 [Lovestead, Tara M.; Windom, Bret C.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council at the National
   Institute of Standards and Technology
FX T.M.L. and B.C.W. both acknowledge National Academy of Sciences/National
   Research Council postdoctoral fellowships at the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology.
NR 86
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 24
BP 3665
EP 3675
DI 10.1021/ef100319h
PG 11
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 611VG
UT WOS:000278851200053
ER

PT J
AU Nakayama, SF
   Strynar, MJ
   Reiner, JL
   Delinsky, AD
   Lindstrom, AB
AF Nakayama, Shoji F.
   Strynar, Mark J.
   Reiner, Jessica L.
   Delinsky, Amy D.
   Lindstrom, Andrew B.
TI Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in the Upper Mississippi River
   Basin
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DRINKING-WATER; PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE; SURFACTANTS; JAPAN
AB Despite ongoing efforts to develop robust analytical methods for the determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in surface water, comparatively little has been published on method performance, and the environmental distribution of these materials remains poorly described worldwide. In this study, an existing method was improved and applied in a large-scale evaluation of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, one of the largest watersheds in the world. Samples were collected in 2008 in an effort that involved multiple sample sites and collection teams, long-range transport, and storage of up to 4 weeks before analysis. Ninety-four percent of the resulting 177 samples had quantifiable PFC concentrations, with 80% of the individual target compounds below 10 ng/L. The most abundant PFCs were perfluorobutanoic acid (C4; 77% above the limit of quantitation, LOQ), perfluorooctanoic acid (C8; 73%), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; 71%), perfluorohexanoic acid (C6; 70%), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (C7; 69%), with the remaining target compounds occurring above the LOQ in less than 50% of the samples. The highest concentrations recorded include C4 at 458 ng/L, PFOS at 245 ng/L, and C8 at 125 ng/L, suggesting various point source inputs within the Basin.
C1 [Strynar, Mark J.; Delinsky, Amy D.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   [Nakayama, Shoji F.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
   [Reiner, Jessica L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Lindstrom, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Mail Drop E205-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM lindstrom.andrew@epa.gov
RI Reiner, Jessica /B-3167-2011; Reiner, Jessica/B-9169-2008; Nakayama,
   Shoji/B-9027-2008
FU National Exposure Research Laboratory; United States Environmental
   Protect ion Agency through its Office of Research and Development
FX We express great appreciation for Dave Hokanson of Upper Mississippi
   River Basin Association, who coordinated the field sampling. We also
   appreciate the field personnel, especially Laura Solem and Mark Ferry of
   Minnesota Pollution Agency; John Sullivan of Wisconsin Department of
   Natural Resources; Bill Ettinger, Joe Marenick, and Scott Shasteen of
   Illinois Environmental Protection Agency; and Larry Shepard and Gary
   Welker of U.S. EPA Region 7 Water Quality Monitoring Team. This study
   was conducted with assistance from Cooperative Research and Development
   Agreements (CRADAs) with Waters Corporation (392-06), Wako Pure Chemical
   Industries, Ltd. (399-06), and GL Sciences, Inc. (407-07). This research
   was also supported in part by an appointment to the Research
   Participation Program at the National Exposure Research Laboratory
   administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education.
   Disclaimer: The United States Environmental Protect ion Agency through
   its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research
   described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for
   publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
   constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
NR 22
TC 43
Z9 46
U1 6
U2 35
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 11
BP 4103
EP 4109
DI 10.1021/es100382z
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 600RA
UT WOS:000278003500014
PM 20441143
ER

PT J
AU Yan, WL
   Herzing, AA
   Li, XQ
   Kiely, CJ
   Zhang, WX
AF Yan, Weile
   Herzing, Andrew A.
   Li, Xiao-Qin
   Kiely, Christopher J.
   Zhang, Wei-Xian
TI Structural Evolution of Pd-Doped Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) in
   Aqueous Media and Implications for Particle Aging and Reactivity
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLE CATALYSTS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE;
   DECHLORINATION; HYDRODECHLORINATION; TRICHLOROETHENE; TRANSFORMATION;
   SPECTROSCOPY; CONTAMINANTS; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION
AB Palladized zero-valent iron nanoparticles have been frequently employed to achieve enhanced treatment of halogenated organic compounds; however, no detailed study has been published on their structures, especially the location and distribution of palladium within the nanoparticles. In this work, the structural evolution of palladized nanoscale iron particles (Pd-nZVI, with 1.5 wt % Pd) was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) techniques. The STEM-XEDS technique enables direct visualization of the nanoscale structural and compositional changes of the bimetallic particles. For a freshly made Pd-nZVI sample, the particles consist of a metallic iron core and a thin amorphous oxide shell, and Pd is observed to form 2-5 nm islands decorating the outer surface of the nanoparticles. Upon exposure to water, Pd-nZVI undergoes substantial morphological and structural changes. STEM-XEDS elemental maps show that Pd infiltrates through the oxide layer to the metallic iron interface, which is accompanied by oxidation and outward diffusion of the iron species. Within a 24 h period, Pd is completely buried underneath an extensive iron oxide matrix, and a fraction of the nanoparticles exhibits a hollowed-out morphology with no metallic iron remaining. The microstructural variations observed concur with the reactivity data, which shows that the aged bimetallic particles display an 80% decrease in dechlorination rate of trichloroethene (TCE) compared to that of the fresh particles. These findings shed new light on the function of palladium in hydrodechlorination reactions, nZVI aging and deactivation, and the longevity of Pd-nZVI nanoparticles for in situ remediation.
C1 [Yan, Weile; Li, Xiao-Qin; Zhang, Wei-Xian] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
   [Herzing, Andrew A.; Kiely, Christopher J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
   [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Zhang, Wei-Xian] Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resources Reuse, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
RP Zhang, WX (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
EM wez3@lehigh.edu
RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012
FU NASA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA STAR) [R829625,
   GR832225]; National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [50928802];
   Pennsylvania Infrastructure Technology Alliance (PITA)
FX A.A.H. and C.J.K. gratefully acknowledge funding from the NASA-Lehigh
   Nanotechnology Partnership. A.A.H. would also like to acknowledge the
   NRC postdoctoral associateship program. This work was partially
   supported by grants awarded to W.-X. Zhang by the U.S. Environmental
   Protection Agency (EPA STAR Grants R829625 and GR832225) and National
   Science Foundation of China (NSFC 50928802). The authors also
   acknowledge support of this work by the Pennsylvania Infrastructure
   Technology Alliance (PITA).
NR 29
TC 64
Z9 68
U1 17
U2 117
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 11
BP 4288
EP 4294
DI 10.1021/es100051q
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 600RA
UT WOS:000278003500042
PM 20446741
ER

PT J
AU Baird, TD
   DeLorenzo, ME
AF Baird, Thomas D.
   DeLorenzo, Marie E.
TI Descriptive and Mechanistic Toxicity of Conazole Fungicides Using the
   Model Test Alga Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyceae)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE conazole; Dunaliella; fungicides; hexaconazole; nontarget effects;
   phytoplankton; propiconazole; triadimefon; triadimenol
ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE; HALOTOLERANT ALGA; GREEN-ALGA; STEROLS; SALINA;
   PHYTOPLANKTON; ERGOSTEROL; GLYCEROL; MARINE; PARVA
AB Conazole fungicides are commonly used to prevent fungal growth on turf grass and agricultural crops. As many of these sites are adjacent to coastal waterways and estuaries, there exists the potential for nontarge effects of runoff on marine organisms. This study reports 96 h EC(50) values for four selected conazole fungicides (triadimefon = 5.98 mg/L; triadimenol = 5.51 mg/L; propiconazole = 2.33 mg/L; hexaconazole = 0.91 mg/L) to the model test alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. We further investigated possible mechanisms of toxicity by examining sublethal effects of exposure on cell morphology, osmoregulatory function, and lipid composition. These mechanistic studies revealed that conazole exposure does not inhibit synthesis of the cell's glycerol osmolyte, but does result in an overall increase in cellular volume and total lipid content. Both fungi and chlorophytes rely on ergosterol to maintain membrane structure and fluidity, and we provide evidence that the sterol-inhibiting conazoles may interfere with ergosterol biosynthesis in the cell membrane of Dunaliella. These findings suggest that green algae may be especially susceptible to nontarget effects of sterol-inhibiting fungicides in marine systems. Published 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Environ Toxicol 25: 213-220, 2010.
C1 [DeLorenzo, Marie E.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Baird, Thomas D.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Biol Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov
NR 41
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 12
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1520-4081
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL
JI Environ. Toxicol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 3
BP 213
EP 220
DI 10.1002/tox.20493
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources
GA 596MK
UT WOS:000277689000001
PM 19382186
ER

PT J
AU Yordy, JE
   Pabst, DA
   McLellan, WA
   Wells, RS
   Rowles, TK
   Kucklick, JR
AF Yordy, Jennifer E.
   Pabst, D. Ann
   McLellan, William A.
   Wells, Randall S.
   Rowles, Teri K.
   Kucklick, John R.
TI TISSUE-SPECIFIC DISTRIBUTION AND WHOLE-BODY BURDEN ESTIMATES OF
   PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS
   TRUNCATUS)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Persistent organic pollutants; Tissue distribution; Body burden;
   Bottlenose dolphin
ID PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ORGANOCHLORINE
   COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTIVE STATE; MARINE
   MAMMALS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; WAX ESTERS; SEAL PUPS
AB Most exposure assessments for free-ranging cetaceans focus on contaminant concentrations measured in blubber, and few data are available for other tissues or the factors governing contaminant distribution among tissues. The goal of this study was to provide a detailed description of the distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) within the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) body and assess the role of lipid dynamics in mediating contaminant distribution. Thirteen tissues (brain, blubber, heart, liver. lung, kidney, mammary gland, melon, skeletal muscle, spleen, thyroid, thymus, and testis/uterus) were sampled during necropsy from bottlenose dolphins (n = 4) and analyzed for lipid and 85 POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides. and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Significant correlations between tissue POP concentrations and lipid suggest that distribution of POPs is generally related to tissue lipid content. However, blubber:tissue partition coefficients ranged widely from 0.753 to 6.25, suggesting that contaminant distribution is not entirely lipid-dependent. Tissue-specific and whole-body contaminant burdens confirmed that blubber, the primary site of metabolic lipid storage, is also the primary site for POP accumulation, contributing >90% to the whole-body burdens. Observations also suggest that as lipid mobilizes from blubber, contaminants may redistribute, leading to elevated tissue concentrations. These results suggest that individuals with reduced blubber lipid may be at increased risk for exposure-related health effects. However, this study also provides evidence that the melon, a metabolically inert lipid-rich structure, may serve as an alternate depot for POPs, thus preventing the bulk of blubber contaminants from being directly available to other tissues. This unique physiological adaptation should be taken into consideration when assessing contaminant-related health effects in wild cetacean populations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1263-1273. (C) 2010 SETAC
C1 [Yordy, Jennifer E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Yordy, Jennifer E.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Pabst, D. Ann; McLellan, William A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
   [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
   [Rowles, Teri K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Yordy, JE (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, 221 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM jennifer.yordy@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service; NOAA Prescott Stranding; NIST
FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Marine Fisheries
   Service, NOAA Prescott Stranding grants and NIST. We thank Sue Barco,
   Mark Swingle and the Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center and
   Stranding Program, Nelio Barros and the Mote Marine Laboratory Stranding
   Investigations Program, members of the VABLAB, especially DJ. Struntz,
   and the NIST Charleston laboratory for support and assistance. Certain
   commercial equipment or instruments are identified in the article to
   adequately specify the experimental procedures. Such identification does
   not imply recommendations or endorsement by the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment or
   instruments are the best available for the purpose.
NR 50
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 3
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 6
BP 1263
EP 1273
DI 10.1002/etc.152
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 629VA
UT WOS:000280226800009
PM 20821568
ER

PT J
AU Shinder, II
   Moldover, MR
AF Shinder, I. I.
   Moldover, M. R.
TI Feasibility of an accurate dynamic standard for water flow
SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Dynamic gravitational standard; Liquid flow calibration; Water flow
   standard
AB We used NIST's primary water flow standard to study the feasibility of accurately determining mass flow rates (m) over dot of water "dynamically", that is from the time derivative of the weight W of the collection tank: (m) over dot(D) = (dW/dt)/g. When data for a constant flow in the range 10 kg/s < (m) over dot(S) < 60 kg/s was averaged over 40 s, the average dynamic flow rate <(m) over dot(D)>, agreed with the static standard (m) over dot(S) within the noise, (<(m) over dot(D)>/(m) over dot(S) - 1) = 0.00015 +/- 0.00033. (The uncertainty is the standard deviation of one measurement.) These results are consistent with arguments that dW/dt is only weakly sensitive to jet entering the collection tank and to the turbulence inside the tank. We conclude that further study of a dynamic flow standard for larger flows is justified. A dynamic standard can use a conventional diverter that is much simpler than the uni-directional diverter with collector/bypass unit that was designed and built for NIST's primary, static standard. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shinder, I. I.; Moldover, M. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shinder, II (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Iosif.Shinder@NIST.gov
RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0955-5986
J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM
JI Flow Meas. Instrum.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 2
BP 128
EP 133
DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2010.01.008
PG 6
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 606LM
UT WOS:000278426500008
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, XX
   Cao, CY
   Chander, G
AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)
   Cao, Changyong
   Chander, Gyanesh
TI An overview of sensor calibration inter-comparison and applications
SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE radiometer; MODIS; AVHRR; ETM; calibration; inter-comparison
AB Long-term climate data records (CDR) are often constructed using observations made by multiple Earth observing sensors over a broad range of spectra and a large scale in both time and space. These sensors can be of the same or different types operated on the same or different platforms. They can be developed and built with different technologies and are likely operated over different time spans. It has been known that the uncertainty of climate models and data records depends not only on the calibration quality (accuracy and stability) of individual sensors, but also on their calibration consistency across instruments and platforms. Therefore, sensor calibration inter-comparison and validation have become increasingly demanding and will continue to play an important role for a better understanding of the science product quality. This paper provides an overview of different methodologies, which have been successfully applied for sensor calibration inter-comparison. Specific examples using different sensors, including MODIS, AVHRR, and ETM+, are presented to illustrate the implementation of these methodologies.
C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, GSFC, Sci Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Sci Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov
RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010
NR 55
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 2095-0195
J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC
JI Front. Earth Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 4
IS 2
BP 237
EP 252
DI 10.1007/s11707-010-0002-z
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA V29CD
UT WOS:000208725600011
ER

PT J
AU Li, SL
   Yao, DX
   Qiu, YM
   Kang, HJ
   Carlson, EW
   Hu, JP
   Chen, GF
   Wang, NL
   Dai, PC
AF Li, Shi-liang
   Yao, Dao-xin
   Qiu, Yi-ming
   Kang, Hye Jung
   Carlson, E. W.
   Hu, Jiang-ping
   Chen, Gen-fu
   Wang, Nan-lin
   Dai, Peng-cheng
TI Low-energy Ce spin excitations in CeFeAsO and CeFeAsO0.84F0.16
SO FRONTIERS OF PHYSICS IN CHINA
LA English
DT Article
DE iron pnictides; rare earth spin waves; crystal field
ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTOR; WAVES; PR; SM
AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to study the low-energy spin excitations of polycrystalline samples of nonsuperconducting CeFeAsO and superconducting CeFeAsO0.84F0.16. Two sharp dispersionless modes are found at 0.85 and 1.16 meV in CeFeAsO below the Ce antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering temperature of T-N(Ce) similar to 4 K. On warming to above T-N(Ce) similar to 4 K, these two modes become one broad dispersionless mode that disappears just above the Fe ordering temperature T-N(Fe) similar to 140 K. For superconducting CeFeAsO0.84F0.16, where Fe static AF order is suppressed, we find a weakly dispersive mode center at 0.4 meV that may arise from short-range Ce-Ce exchange interactions. Using a Heisenberg model, we simulate powder-averaged Ce spin wave excitations. Our results show that we need both Ce spin wave and crystal electric field excitations to account for the whole spectra of low-energy spin excitations.
C1 [Li, Shi-liang; Wang, Nan-lin; Dai, Peng-cheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Shi-liang; Dai, Peng-cheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Yao, Dao-xin; Carlson, E. W.; Hu, Jiang-ping] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Qiu, Yi-ming] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Qiu, Yi-ming] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Kang, Hye Jung] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
   [Chen, Gen-fu] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Peng-cheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Li, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM laoliang@gmail.com; daip@ornl.gov
RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; 石, 源/D-5929-2012;
   ruc, phy/E-4170-2012; Hu, Jiangping/A-9154-2010; hu, jiangping
   /C-3320-2014
OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Hu, Jiangping/0000-0003-4480-1734; 
FU US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy
   Sciences [DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National
   Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Division of
   Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences, through DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202.
   The work at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was
   supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Work at NCNR was in part
   supported by the National Science Foundation under agreement
   DMR-0454672.
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 15
PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1673-3487
EI 1673-3606
J9 FRONT PHYS CHINA
JI Front. Phys. China
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 2
BP 161
EP 165
DI 10.1007/s11467-009-0077-8
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 632HX
UT WOS:000280414400005
ER

PT J
AU Anovitz, LM
   Cole, DR
   Rother, G
   Valley, JW
   Jackson, A
AF Anovitz, L. M.
   Cole, D. R.
   Rother, G.
   Valley, J. W.
   Jackson, A.
TI Analysis of nano-porosity in the St. Peter Sandstone Using (Ultra) Small
   Angle Neutron Scattering
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Anovitz, L. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Anovitz, L. M.; Cole, D. R.; Rother, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Valley, J. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Jackson, A.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011; Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Rother,
   Gernot/B-7281-2008; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016
OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722; Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336;
   Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294; Anovitz,
   Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A26
EP A26
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941400052
ER

PT J
AU Bowers, GM
   Kalinichev, AG
   Faraone, A
   Bish, DL
   Kirkpatrick, RJ
AF Bowers, G. M.
   Kalinichev, A. G.
   Faraone, A.
   Bish, D. L.
   Kirkpatrick, R. J.
TI Dynamics and structure of interlayer H2O in K-saturated hectorite probed
   by H-2 and K-39 NMR and neutron spin-echo (NSE) spectroscopy
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Bowers, G. M.] Alfred Univ, Dept Chem, Alfred, NY 14802 USA.
   [Kalinichev, A. G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Faraone, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Faraone, A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Bish, D. L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   [Kirkpatrick, R. J.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Nat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM bowers@alfred.edu; kalinich@chemisry.msu.edu
RI Kalinichev, Andrey/B-4519-2008
OI Kalinichev, Andrey/0000-0003-0743-4242
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A113
EP A113
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941401407
ER

PT J
AU Fahey, AJ
   Newbury, DE
AF Fahey, A. J.
   Newbury, D. E.
TI The microstructure of Trinitite, the glassed sand from the first nuclear
   explosion
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Fahey, A. J.; Newbury, D. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM albert.fahey@nist.gov; dale.newbury@nist.gov
RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A277
EP A277
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941400803
ER

PT J
AU Hamasaki, H
   Ishibashi, J
   Ueno, Y
   Lupton, JEL
   Ohmoto, H
AF Hamasaki, H.
   Ishibashi, J.
   Ueno, Y.
   Lupton, J. E. L.
   Ohmoto, H.
TI Helium and carbon geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids on the Southern
   East Pacific Rise at 11-32 degrees S
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Hamasaki, H.; Ohmoto, H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Ishibashi, J.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8140063, Japan.
   [Ueno, Y.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Global Edge Inst, Tokyo 1528551, Japan.
   [Ueno, Y.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Res Ctr Evolving Earth & Planet, Tokyo 1528551, Japan.
   [Lupton, J. E. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM hzh114@psu.edu; ishi@geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp; ueno.y.ac@m.titech.ac.jp;
   John.E.Lupton@noaa.gov
RI Yamaichi, Takeshi/A-5595-2010
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A372
EP A372
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941401120
ER

PT J
AU Holbrook, RD
   Motabar, D
   Quinones, O
   Stanford, BD
   Snyder, S
AF Holbrook, R. David
   Motabar, Donna
   Quinones, Oscar
   Stanford, Benjamin D.
   Snyder, Shane
TI Titanium distribution in a swimming pool - The case for dissolution
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Holbrook, R. David; Motabar, Donna] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Quinones, Oscar; Stanford, Benjamin D.; Snyder, Shane] So Nevada Water Author, Henderson, NV USA.
EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov; dmotabar@gmail.com; oscar.quinones@lvvwd.com;
   bstanford@hazenandsawyer.com; shane.snyder@lvvwd.com
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A410
EP A410
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941401195
ER

PT J
AU Iceman, C
   Mason, S
   Chaka, A
   Trainor, T
AF Iceman, Christopher
   Mason, Sara
   Chaka, Anne
   Trainor, Thomas
TI Interfacial morphology of iron oxide alpha-Fe2O3 in aqueous equilibrium
   studied with ab initio thermodynamics
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Iceman, Christopher; Trainor, Thomas] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Mason, Sara; Chaka, Anne] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM christopher.iceman@alaska.edu; sara.mason@nist.gov; anne.chaka@nist.gov;
   trainor@alaska.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A441
EP A441
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941401452
ER

PT J
AU Kalinichev, AG
   Iskrenova-Tchoukova, E
   Faraone, A
   Kirkpatrick, RJ
AF Kalinichev, A. G.
   Iskrenova-Tchoukova, E.
   Faraone, A.
   Kirkpatrick, R. J.
TI Molecular mechanisms of the librational motions of water in the
   interlayers of hydrocalumite
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Kalinichev, A. G.; Iskrenova-Tchoukova, E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Kalinichev, A. G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Faraone, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Faraone, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Kirkpatrick, R. J.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Nat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM kalinich@chemisry.msu.edu
RI Kalinichev, Andrey/B-4519-2008
OI Kalinichev, Andrey/0000-0003-0743-4242
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A489
EP A489
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941401548
ER

PT J
AU Leybourne, MI
   De Ronde, CEJ
   Baker, ET
   Faure, K
   Walker, SL
   Resing, J
   Massoth, GJ
AF Leybourne, M. I.
   De Ronde, C. E. J.
   Baker, E. T.
   Faure, Kevin
   Walker, S. L.
   Resing, J.
   Massoth, G. J.
TI Submarine magmatic-hydrothermal systems at the Monowai Volcanic Centre,
   Kermadec Arc
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Leybourne, M. I.; De Ronde, C. E. J.; Faure, Kevin; Massoth, G. J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
   [Baker, E. T.; Walker, S. L.; Resing, J.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM m.leybourne@gns.cri.nz
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A587
EP A587
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941401742
ER

PT J
AU Mason, SE
   Iceman, CR
   Trainor, TP
   Chaka, AM
AF Mason, Sara E.
   Iceman, Christopher R.
   Trainor, Thomas P.
   Chaka, Anne M.
TI First principles modeling studies of cation adsorption at oxide-water
   interfaces
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Mason, Sara E.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Iceman, Christopher R.; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM semason@nist.gov; fncri@uaf.edu; fftpt@uaf.edu; anne.chaka@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A675
EP A675
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941402054
ER

PT J
AU Myles, L
   Robinson, L
AF Myles, Latoya
   Robinson, Larry
TI Dry and wet deposition of reduced nitrogen to the Tampa Bay Watershed
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Myles, Latoya] NOAA ARL ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA.
   [Robinson, Larry] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA.
EM latoya.myles@noaa.gov; larry.robinson@famu.edu
RI Myles, LaToya/Q-2470-2015
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A742
EP A742
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941402187
ER

PT J
AU Pallem, VL
   Stretz, HA
   Wells, MJM
   Kline, S
AF Pallem, V. L.
   Stretz, H. A.
   Wells, M. J. M.
   Kline, S.
TI Study of gold nanoparticle interactions with humic acid using small
   angle neutron scattering
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Pallem, V. L.; Stretz, H. A.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
   [Pallem, V. L.; Wells, M. J. M.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Management Utilizat & Protect Water Resources, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
   [Wells, M. J. M.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
   [Kline, S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA.
EM HStretz@tntech.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A786
EP A786
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941402276
ER

PT J
AU Pedrero, Z
   Mounicou, S
   Davis, WC
   Monperrus, M
   Amouroux, D
AF Pedrero, Zoyne
   Mounicou, Sandra
   Davis, W. Clay
   Monperrus, Mathilde
   Amouroux, David
TI Investigation of Hg species binding biomolecules in dolphin liver: Use
   of isotopic tracers for sample treatment optimization
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 UPPA, CNRS, LCABIE, IPREM,UMR 5254, F-64053 Pau, France.
   NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RI monperrus, mathilde/B-7946-2009
OI monperrus, mathilde/0000-0002-6337-1672
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A801
EP A801
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941402305
ER

PT J
AU Point, D
   Sonke, JE
   Day, RD
   Moors, AJ
   Pugh, RS
   Becker, PR
AF Point, D.
   Sonke, J. E.
   Day, R. D.
   Moors, A. J.
   Pugh, R. S.
   Becker, P. R.
TI Mercury stable isotopes fractionation in cryogenically archived
   specimens from the Arctic marine environment
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Point, D.; Sonke, J. E.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRD UPS, Observ Midi Pyrenees,Lab Mecanismes & Transferts, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
   [Point, D.; Day, R. D.; Moors, A. J.; Pugh, R. S.; Becker, P. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA.
EM point@lmtg.obs-mip.fr
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A821
EP A821
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941402346
ER

PT J
AU Swindle, AL
   Madden, AS
   Beazley, MJ
   Moon, JW
   Ravel, B
   Phelps, TJ
AF Swindle, A. L.
   Madden, A. S.
   Beazley, M. J.
   Moon, J. -W.
   Ravel, B.
   Phelps, T. J.
TI Fate of ferric-hydroxide associated U(VI) during biological magnetite
   formation
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Swindle, A. L.; Madden, A. S.; Beazley, M. J.] Univ Okla, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   [Moon, J. -W.; Phelps, T. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
   [Ravel, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM aswindle@ou.edu; amadden@ou.edu; mbeazley@ou.edu; moonj@ornl.gov;
   bravel@bnl.gov; phelpstj@ornl.gov
RI Moon, Ji-Won/A-9186-2011
OI Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A1015
EP A1015
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941402733
ER

PT J
AU Tong, D
   Byun, D
   Saylor, R
   Mathur, R
   Young, J
AF Tong, Daniel
   Byun, Daewon
   Saylor, Rick
   Mathur, Rohit
   Young, Jeff
TI Alternation of cloud chemistry by dust particles
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Tong, Daniel; Byun, Daewon; Saylor, Rick] US NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Mathur, Rohit; Young, Jeff] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A1049
EP A1049
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941400139
ER

PT J
AU Vocke, RD
   Mann, JL
AF Vocke, R. D., Jr.
   Mann, J. L.
TI Isotopic Reference Materials: New frontiers leading to new opportunities
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Vocke, R. D., Jr.; Mann, J. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vocke@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A1084
EP A1084
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941400209
ER

PT J
AU Voorhies, AA
   Biddanda, B
   Horne, N
   Kendall, ST
   Nold, SC
   Ruberg, SA
   Dick, GJ
AF Voorhies, A. A.
   Biddanda, B.
   Horne, N.
   Kendall, S. T.
   Nold, S. C.
   Ruberg, S. A.
   Dick, G. J.
TI Metabolically versatile cyanobacterial mats in Great Lakes sinkholes:
   Analogs of the Proterozoic
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment
CY JUN 13-18, 2010
CL Knoxville, TN
C1 [Voorhies, A. A.; Dick, G. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Biddanda, B.; Horne, N.; Kendall, S. T.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI USA.
   [Nold, S. C.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Biol, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA.
   [Ruberg, S. A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM gdick@umich.edu
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 12
SU 1
BP A1089
EP A1089
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 676TL
UT WOS:000283941400218
ER

PT J
AU Carvalho, GA
   Minnett, PJ
   Fleming, LE
   Banzon, VF
   Baringer, W
AF Carvalho, Gustavo A.
   Minnett, Peter J.
   Fleming, Lora E.
   Banzon, Viva F.
   Baringer, Warner
TI Satellite remote sensing of harmful algal blooms: A new multi-algorithm
   method for detecting the Florida Red Tide (Karenia brevis)
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Algorithm development; Central West Florida Shelf (Gulf of Mexico);
   Detection; Florida Red Tide (Karenia brevis); Harmful algal bloom (HAB);
   Hybrid Scheme; Ocean color (MODIS-Aqua); Satellite remote sensing
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; OCEAN; COLOR; COAST; WATER;
   OCEANOGRAPHY; ABSORPTION; SCIENCE; IMAGERY
AB In a continuing effort to develop suitable methods for the surveillance of harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Karenia brevis using satellite radiometers, a new multi-algorithm method was developed to explore whether improvements in the remote-sensing detection of the Florida Red Tide was possible. A Hybrid Scheme was introduced that sequentially applies the optimized versions of two pre-existing satellite-based algorithms: an Empirical Approach (using water-leaving radiance as a function of chlorophyll concentration) and a Bio-optical Technique (using particulate backscatter along with chlorophyll concentration). The long-term evaluation of the new multi-algorithm method was performed using a multi-year MODIS dataset (2002-2006; during the boreal Summer-Fall periods - July-December) along the Central West Florida Shelf between 25.75 degrees N and 28.25 degrees N. Algorithm validation was done with in situ measurements of the abundances of K. brevis: cell counts >= 1.5 x 10(4) cells I-1 defined a detectable HAB. Encouraging statistical results were derived when either or both algorithms correctly flagged known samples. The majority of the valid match-ups were correctly identified (similar to 80% of both HABs and non-blooming conditions) and few false negatives or false positives were produced (similar to 20% of each). Additionally, most of the HAB-positive identifications in the satellite data were indeed HAB samples (positive predictive value: similar to 70%) and those classified as HAB-negative were almost all non-bloom cases (negative predictive value: similar to 86%). These results demonstrate an excellent detection capability, on average similar to 10% more accurate than the individual algorithms used separately. Thus, the new Hybrid Scheme could become a powerful tool for environmental monitoring of K. brevis blooms, with valuable consequences including leading to the more rapid and efficient use of ships to make in situ measurements of HABs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Carvalho, Gustavo A.; Minnett, Peter J.; Banzon, Viva F.; Baringer, Warner] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Carvalho, Gustavo A.; Minnett, Peter J.; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Banzon, Viva F.] NOAA NESDIS, Remote Sensing & Applicat Div, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Carvalho, GA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM gcarvalho@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014
FU NSF [OCE0432368/0911373]; NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center
   [P50-ES12736]
FX We would like to acknowledge the contributions to this study by Edward
   Kearns, Robert Evans, Jennifer Cannizzaro, Kendall Carder, Sharon Smith,
   Julie Hollenbeck, Maria Villanueva, Gan Changlin and Christina Plattner.
   The historical in situ database maintained by the Florida Fish and
   Wildlife Conservation Commission's Fish and Wildlife Research Institute,
   and provided by Cynthia A. Heil, made this work possible. Financial
   support was provided by NSF and NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center
   grants: NSF#OCE0432368/0911373 and NIEHS#P50-ES12736.[SS]
NR 58
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 4
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
EI 1878-1470
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 5
BP 440
EP 448
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2010.02.002
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 617TX
UT WOS:000279305900002
PM 21037979
ER

PT J
AU Hall, AJ
   Frame, E
AF Hall, Ailsa J.
   Frame, Elizabeth
TI Evidence of domoic acid exposure in harbour seals from Scotland: A
   potential factor in the decline in abundance?
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE ASP; HABs; Marine mammal; Phoca vitulina; Pseudo-nitzschia
ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; MARINE MAMMAL
   HEALTH; SCOTTISH WATERS; SHELLFISH; MORTALITY; FLORIDA; TOXINS; DIET
AB The exposure of marine mammals to the toxins associated with harmful algae can be lethal. Domoic acid (DA) is a biotoxin produced by the Pseudo-nitzschia group of diatoms many of which are now a common component of the Scottish phytoplankton community (Stobo et al., 2008). DA is a potent excitatory neurotoxin that has caused large-scale mortality of marine mammals. We found harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in Scotland are exposed to DA. Low levels, likely from recent exposure, were measured in the faeces and urine of live captured adult animals (using a direct competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and exposure was highest during August-September 2008 (7/32 of the faecal (22%) and 11/29(38%) of the urine samples were positive). Median concentrations in positive faeces and urine were 25 ng/g and 6 ng/ml respectively. One positive pregnant female was subsequently found dead with 10 ng/ml DA in her amniotic fluid but the contribution of DA exposure to the cause of death could not be established. However, the highest levels in the study were found in anonymous faecal samples collected in September 2009 on the east coast of Scotland (up to 397 ng/g). Further studies are urgently needed to determine the importance of DA exposure to the population dynamics of Scottish harbour seals in light of the recently reported major population declines. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hall, Ailsa J.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.
   [Frame, Elizabeth] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Hall, AJ (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.
EM ajh7@st-andrews.ac.uk
RI Hall, Ailsa/E-1596-2011
FU Scottish Natural Heritage; NERC
FX We thank all those who helped in sample collection, to NERC and Scottish
   Natural Heritage for funding and to Dr. Kathi Lefebvre and the Marine
   Biotoxins Program at NWFSC.[SES]
NR 24
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 6
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 5
BP 489
EP 493
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2010.03.004
PG 5
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 617TX
UT WOS:000279305900006
ER

PT J
AU Smith, CL
   Clay, PM
AF Smith, Courtland L.
   Clay, Patricia M.
TI Measuring Subjective and Objective Well-being: Analyses from Five Marine
   Commercial Fisheries
SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION
LA English
DT Article
DE well-being; subjective-objective measures; commercial fishing; North
   American
ID JOB-SATISFACTION; MANAGEMENT; HAPPINESS; POLICY
AB Well-being is an important indicator of how participants in an industry are doing. Since the 1970s, anthropologists have been developing and utilizing "well-being" as an indicator, along with identifying the advantages and disadvantages of such a metric. Building on this experience, a "well-being" index is useful if it (1) is easily developed from available data; (2) enables temporal and spatial comparisons; (3) can be applied at multiple scales; and (4) possesses subjective and objective elements. The subjective element reflects how individuals and members of occupational communities perceive their situation. Using five case studies of North American marine commercial fisheries, an approach to representing subjective and objective measures of well-being is illustrated and evaluated. These studies show that commercial fishing has historically been a highly valued occupation from both subjective and objective perspectives. However, the status of commercial fishing has been in a state of decline over the past several decades with corresponding impacts on well-being. Suggestions for expanding the measurement of well-being and making it applicable to a broader set of activities and to time-series analysis are included.
C1 [Smith, Courtland L.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Clay, Patricia M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Clay, Patricia M.] NOAA NMFS ST5, SSMC3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Smith, CL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 238 Waldo Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
NR 68
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 19
PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY
PI OKLAHOMA CITY
PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA
SN 0018-7259
J9 HUM ORGAN
JI Hum. Organ.
PD SUM
PY 2010
VL 69
IS 2
BP 158
EP 168
PG 11
WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 606IK
UT WOS:000278417200006
ER

PT J
AU Muth, LA
AF Muth, Lorant A.
TI Nonlinear Calibration of Polarimetric Radar Cross Section Measurement
   Systems
SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Radar cross sections; electromagnetic measurements; drift; nonlinear
   polarimetric calibration; polarimetric system parameters;
   reproducibility
AB Polarimetric radar cross section measurement systems are characterized by polarimetric system parameters epsilon(h) and epsilon(v). These parameters can be measured by use of rotating dihedrals. The full polarimetric dataset as a function of the angle of rotation can be analyzed with a nonlinear set of calibration equations to yield the system-parameter complex constants and the four polarimetric-calibration amplitudes. These amplitudes appropriately reproduce the system's drift, and very accurately satisfy a drift-free system-configuration criterion. The results indicate that the nonlinear approach is better than the previously studied linear approach, which yielded system parameters that were seriously distorted by system drift.
C1 NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Muth, LA (reprint author), NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM lorant.muth@nist.gov
NR 7
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1045-9243
EI 1558-4143
J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M
JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 52
IS 3
BP 187
EP 192
DI 10.1109/MAP.2010.5586625
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 683JP
UT WOS:000284472400016
ER

PT J
AU Benz, S
AF Benz, Sam
TI Synthesizing Accurate Voltages with Superconducting Quantum-Based
   Standards
SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Voltage Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Benz, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Voltage Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM benz@boulder.nist.gov
NR 9
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1094-6969
EI 1941-0123
J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG
JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 13
IS 3
BP 8
EP 13
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 607WR
UT WOS:000278538500003
ER

PT J
AU Feng, MM
   Cundiff, ST
   Mirin, RP
   Silverman, KL
AF Feng, Mingming
   Cundiff, Steven T.
   Mirin, Richard P.
   Silverman, Kevin L.
TI Wavelength Bistability and Switching in Two-Section Quantum-Dot Diode
   Lasers
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Diode laser; mode-locked; quantum dot; wavelength bistability
ID AMPLIFIERS
AB We report lasing wavelength bistability with respect to applied bias on the saturable absorbers in two-section mode-locked quantum dot lasers. We show data from three different devices exhibiting wavelength bistability. All lasers display wavelength bistability. Only one lasing wavelength is present at a time, with all other wavelengths totally quenched. The switchable ranges (the wavelength difference between two bistable lasing branches) are different for all three lasers and in one device can be manipulated by changing the current injection. All lasers show the remarkable property of switching only in integer multiples of about 8 nm. The bistable operation can be explained by the interplay of the cross-saturation and self-saturation properties in gain and absorber, and the quantum-confined Stark effect in absorber. The measured switching time between bistable wavelengths is 150 ps.
C1 [Feng, Mingming; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Feng, Mingming] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Mirin, Richard P.; Silverman, Kevin L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Feng, MM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM mingming.feng@colorado.edu; cun-diffs@jila.colorado.edu;
   mirin@boulder.nist.gov; sil-verma@boulder.nist.gov
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; feng, mingming/F-3463-2011; 
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9197
J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT
JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 6
BP 951
EP 958
DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2041432
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA 566KA
UT WOS:000275367900008
ER

PT J
AU Baek, B
   Mckay, KS
   Stevens, MJ
   Kim, J
   Hogue, HH
   Nam, SW
AF Baek, Burm
   Mckay, Kyle S.
   Stevens, Martin J.
   Kim, Jungsang
   Hogue, Henry H.
   Nam, Sae Woo
TI Single-Photon Detection Timing Jitter in a Visible Light Photon Counter
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Single photon detector; timing jitter; visible light photon counters
   (VLPC)
ID QUANTUM-EFFICIENCY
AB Visible light photon counters (VLPCs) offer many attractive features as photon detectors, such as high quantum efficiency and photon number resolution. We report measurements of the single-photon timing jitter in a VLPC, a critical performance factor in a time-correlated single-photon counting measurement, in a fiber-coupled closed-cycle cryocooler. The measured timing jitter is 240 ps full-width-at-half-maximum at a wavelength of 550 nm, with a dark count rate of 25 x 10(3) counts per second. The timing jitter increases modestly at longer wavelengths to 300 ps at 1000 nm, and increases substantially at lower bias voltages as the quantum efficiency is reduced.
C1 [Baek, Burm; Stevens, Martin J.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Mckay, Kyle S.; Kim, Jungsang] Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
   [Hogue, Henry H.] DRS Sensors & Targeting Syst Inc, Cypress, CA 90630 USA.
RP Baek, B (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM burm.baek@nist.gov; ksm@ee.duke.edu; marty@boulder.nist.gov;
   jungsang@ee.duke.edu; Henry.Hogue@drs-sts.com; nams@boulder.nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-546068]; Air Force Office of
   Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-08-1-0098]
FX Manuscript received November 05, 2009; revised December 29, 2009.
   Current version published March 24, 2010. The work of K. S. McKay was
   supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant
   CCF-546068 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under
   Grant FA9550-08-1-0098.
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9197
J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT
JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 6
BP 991
EP 995
DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2042141
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA 572SP
UT WOS:000275853600001
ER

PT J
AU Remley, KA
AF Remley, Kate A.
TI Uniquely Identifying the Magazine
SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
EM microwave.editor@ieee.org
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1527-3342
J9 IEEE MICROW MAG
JI IEEE Microw. Mag.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 4
BP 6
EP 8
DI 10.1109/MMM.2010.936697
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 653PI
UT WOS:000282108600001
ER

PT J
AU Cruz, P
   Carvalho, NB
   Remley, KA
AF Cruz, Pedro
   Carvalho, Nuno Borges
   Remley, Kate A.
TI Designing and Testing Software-Defined Radios
SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
ID DIRECT-CONVERSION RECEIVERS; COGNITIVE RADIO; POWER-AMPLIFIER;
   HIGH-EFFICIENCY; DOHERTY AMPLIFIER; CMOS; TRANSMITTERS; ARCHITECTURE;
   MODULATOR
C1 [Cruz, Pedro; Carvalho, Nuno Borges] Univ Aveiro, Inst Telecomunicacoes, Aveiro, Portugal.
   [Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Cruz, P (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Inst Telecomunicacoes, Aveiro, Portugal.
EM pcruz@av.it.pt; nbcarvalho@ua.pt; kate.remley@nist.gov
RI Carvalho, Nuno/A-8645-2008; Cruz, Pedro/B-5892-2011
OI Carvalho, Nuno/0000-0002-7402-2099; Cruz, Pedro/0000-0002-2282-2940
NR 51
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 3
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1527-3342
J9 IEEE MICROW MAG
JI IEEE Microw. Mag.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 4
BP 83
EP 94
DI 10.1109/MMM.2010.936493
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 653PI
UT WOS:000282108600008
ER

PT J
AU Kim, OS
   Breinbjerg, O
   Yaghjian, AD
AF Kim, Oleksiy S.
   Breinbjerg, Olav
   Yaghjian, Arthur D.
TI Electrically Small Magnetic Dipole Antennas With Quality Factors
   Approaching the Chu Lower Bound
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Chu limit; electrically small antennas; magnetic dipole; quality factor;
   spherical modes; surface integral equation
ID RADIATION Q; BANDWIDTH; LIMITS
AB We investigate the quality factor Q for electrically small current distributions and practical antenna designs radiating the TE(10) magnetic dipole field. The current distributions and the antenna designs employ electric currents on a spherical surface enclosing a magneto-dielectric material that serves to reduce the internal stored energy. Closed-form expressions for the internal and external stored energies as well as for the quality factor Q are derived. The influence of the sphere radius and the material permeability and permittivity on the quality factor Q is determined and verified numerically. It is found that for a given antenna size and permittivity there is an optimum permeability that ensures the lowest possible Q, and this optimum permeability is inversely proportional to the square of the antenna electrical radius. When the relative permittivity is equal to 1, the optimum permeability yields the quality factor Q that constitutes the lower bound for a magnetic dipole antenna with a magneto-dielectric core. Furthermore, the smaller the antenna the closer its quality factor Q can approach the Chu lower bound. Simulated results for the TE(10)-mode multiarm spherical helix antenna with a magnetic core reach a that is 1.24 times the Chu lower bound for an electrical radius of 0.192.
C1 [Kim, Oleksiy S.; Breinbjerg, Olav] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Elect Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
   [Yaghjian, Arthur D.] Tougaloo Coll, Tougaloo, MS USA.
   [Yaghjian, Arthur D.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
   [Yaghjian, Arthur D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Yaghjian, Arthur D.] USAF, Electromagnet Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA.
RP Kim, OS (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Elect Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
EM osk@elektro.dtu.dk; ob@elektro.dtu.dk
RI Kim, Oleksiy/Q-7570-2016
OI Kim, Oleksiy/0000-0002-7560-0401
FU Danish Research Council for Technology and Production Sciences
FX Manuscript received July 16, 2009; revised October 14, 2009; accepted
   January 11, 2010. Date of publication March 29, 2010; date of current
   version June 03, 2010. This work was supported by the Danish Research
   Council for Technology and Production Sciences within the TopAnt project
   (http://www.topant.dtu.dk).
NR 22
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-926X
J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG
JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 6
BP 1898
EP 1906
DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2046864
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 607UF
UT WOS:000278531600009
ER

PT J
AU Gentile, C
   Lopez, SM
   Kik, A
AF Gentile, Camillo
   Lopez, Sofia Martinez
   Kik, Alfred
TI A Comprehensive Spatial-Temporal Channel Propagation Model for the
   Ultrawideband Spectrum 2-8 GHz
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); uniform circular array
AB Despite the potential for high-speed communications, stringent regulatory mandates on ultrawideband (UWB) emission have hindered its commercial success. By combining resolvable UWB multipath from different directions, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can drastically improve link robustness or range. In fact, a plethora of algorithms and coding schemes already exist for UWB-MIMO systems, however these papers use simplistic channel models in simulation and testing. While the temporal characteristics of the UWB propagation channel have been well documented, surprisingly there currently exists but a handful of spatial-temporal models to our knowledge, and only two for bandwidths in excess of 500 MHz. This paper proposes a comprehensive spatial-temporal channel propagation model for the frequency spectrum 2-8 GHz, featuring a host of novel parameters. In order to extract the parameters, we conduct an extensive measurement campaign using a vector network analyzer coupled to a virtual circular antenna array. The campaign includes 160 experiments up to a non line-of-sight range of 35 meters in four buildings with construction material varying from sheetrock to steel.
C1 [Gentile, Camillo] NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Emerging & Wireless Networking Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Kik, Alfred] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528550, Japan.
RP Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Emerging & Wireless Networking Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM camillo.gentile@nist.gov
NR 35
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-926X
J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG
JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 6
BP 2069
EP 2077
DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2046834
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 607UF
UT WOS:000278531600027
ER

PT J
AU Akturk, A
   Holloway, M
   Potbhare, S
   Gundlach, D
   Li, B
   Goldsman, N
   Peckerar, M
   Cheung, KP
AF Akturk, A.
   Holloway, M.
   Potbhare, S.
   Gundlach, D.
   Li, B.
   Goldsman, N.
   Peckerar, M.
   Cheung, K. P.
TI Compact and Distributed Modeling of Cryogenic Bulk MOSFET Operation
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
LA English
DT Article
DE Cryogenic BSIM; cryogenic compact modeling; cryogenic device modeling;
   cryogenic MOSFET; Verilog-A
ID OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; BURIED
   CHANNEL; TEMPERATURE; DEVICE; CIRCUIT; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION
AB We have developed compact and physics-based distributed numerical models for cryogenic bulk MOSFET operation down to 20 K to advance simulation and first-pass design of device and circuit operation at low temperatures. To achieve this, we measured and simulated temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics of 0.16- and 0.18-mu m bulk MOSFETs. Our measurements indicate that these MOSFETs supply approximately 40% more current in the saturation and linear regions of operation when they are cooled from room temperature to 20 K. The threshold voltage monotonically increases as the temperature is lowered, but it saturates below 40 K. The subthreshold slope decreases with the temperature lowering but at a rate that is less than theoretically predicted. The extrapolation of the subthreshold slope indicates a finite value at near absolute zero. We show that the measured behavior can be well corroborated with distributed numerical simulations using the drift-diffusion transport model. In addition, to obtain a compact model for use in low-temperature circuit design, SPICE-type compact models need to be modified to incorporate the subtle temperature effects that are not part of the standard models. To this end, we use the analog behavioral language Verilog-A and the BSIM3 model equation set to include additional temperature dependences into the standard compact models to accurately reproduce measured characteristics.
C1 [Akturk, A.; Holloway, M.; Potbhare, S.; Goldsman, N.] CoolCAD Elect LLC, Takoma Pk, MD 20912 USA.
   [Akturk, A.; Holloway, M.; Potbhare, S.; Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Gundlach, D.; Cheung, K. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Li, B.; Peckerar, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Akturk, A (reprint author), CoolCAD Elect LLC, Takoma Pk, MD 20912 USA.
EM akturka@umd.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09CD74P]
FX Manuscript received October 20, 2009; revised March 5, 2010; accepted
   March 9, 2010. Date of publication April 29, 2010; date of current
   version May 19, 2010. This work was supported by the National
   Aeronautics and Space Administration under Small Business Innovation
   Research Award NNX09CD74P. The review of this paper was arranged by
   Editor C. Jungemann.
NR 34
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9383
EI 1557-9646
J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV
JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 6
BP 1334
EP 1342
DI 10.1109/TED.2010.2046458
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 599BD
UT WOS:000277884100019
ER

PT J
AU Khalil, AH
   Stiles, MD
   Heiliger, C
AF Khalil, Asma H.
   Stiles, Mark D.
   Heiliger, Christian
TI Influence of Band Parameters on Spin-Transfer Torque in Tunnel
   Junctions: Model Calculations
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetic device; magnetic memories; magnetoresistance; tunneling
ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; EXCHANGE
AB We study the in-plane spin-transfer torque in magnetic tunnel junctions for different band fillings and exchange splittings. The bias range over which the in-plane torque is linear depends strongly on these parameters. If the ferromagnetic layer is half-metallic with respect to the tunneling states, the linear bias range for the in-plane torque is significantly larger than if the behavior is metallic. For parameters that reproduce the important features of the Fe band structure, the results are in agreement with experimental data as well as with ab initio calculations.
C1 [Khalil, Asma H.; Heiliger, Christian] Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 1, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
   [Stiles, Mark D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Heiliger, C (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 1, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
EM christian.heiliger@physik.uni-giessen.de
RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 6
BP 1745
EP 1747
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2040142
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 601DH
UT WOS:000278037800121
ER

PT J
AU Kabanov, YP
   Iunin, YL
   Nikitenko, VI
   Shapiro, AJ
   Shull, RD
   Zhu, LY
   Chien, CL
AF Kabanov, Y. P.
   Iunin, Y. L.
   Nikitenko, V. I.
   Shapiro, A. J.
   Shull, R. D.
   Zhu, L. Y.
   Chien, C. L.
TI In-Plane Field Effects on the Dynamics of Domain Walls in Ultrathin Co
   Films With Perpendicular Anisotropy
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cobalt; domain wall; in-plane magnetic field; perpendicular anisotropy;
   ultrathin film
ID MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; MULTILAYERS; ASYMMETRY; BUBBLES
AB We studied how the application of an in-plane field affects the asymmetries of the domain nucleation activity and domain wall velocity revealed previously in ultrathin Co films with perpendicular anisotropy. It is established that the asymmetries survive and new effects arise under application of an additional field parallel to the film surface. It is found that the mobility of different parts of a circular domain wall vary drastically under application of additional planar field. The domain wall velocity in ultrathin Co films, unlike that in low-damping garnet films, slows down dramatically upon application of a planar field. The domain wall part that is moving perpendicular to the in-plane field direction decelerates most relative to the other parts of the domain wall. Moreover, domain wall parts moving in the same direction as the in-plane field and in the opposite direction have considerably different velocities. This anisotropy of domain wall velocity rotates with the field as the in-plane field direction is varied. A new asymmetry in the domain wall velocity in the presence of both in-plane and perpendicular fields is observed when the perpendicular field is reversed.
C1 [Kabanov, Y. P.; Iunin, Y. L.; Nikitenko, V. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow, Russia.
   [Nikitenko, V. I.; Shapiro, A. J.; Shull, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Nikitenko, V. I.; Zhu, L. Y.; Chien, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Iunin, YL (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow, Russia.
EM iunin@issp.ac.ru
RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; 
OI Iunin, Yury/0000-0003-2864-9867
FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research
FX This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic
   Research.
NR 19
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 13
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 6
BP 2220
EP 2223
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2045740
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 601DH
UT WOS:000278037800245
ER

PT J
AU Calik, C
   Turan, MS
   Ozbudak, F
AF Calik, Cagdas
   Turan, Meltem Soenmez
   Ozbudak, Ferruh
TI On Feedback Functions of Maximum Length Nonlinear Feedback Shift
   Registers
SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND
   COMPUTER SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE de Bruijn sequences; maximal length sequences; nonlinear feedback shift
   registers
AB Feedback shift registers are basic building blocks for many cryptographic primitives. Due to the insecurities of Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) based systems, the use of Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers (NFSRs) became more popular. In this work, we study the feedback functions of NFSRs with period 2(n). First, we provide two new necessary conditions for feedback functions to be maximum length. Then, we consider NFSRs with k-monomial feedback functions and focus on two extreme cases where k = 4 and k =2(n-1). We study construction methods for these special cases.
C1 [Calik, Cagdas; Ozbudak, Ferruh] Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Appl Math, Ankara, Turkey.
   [Ozbudak, Ferruh] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Math, Ankara, Turkey.
   [Turan, Meltem Soenmez] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RP Calik, C (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Appl Math, Ankara, Turkey.
EM ccalik@metu.edu.tr; meltem.turan@nist.gov; ozbudak@metu.edu.tr
RI Calik, Cagdas/D-1384-2010
FU TUBITAK [TBAG-107T826]
FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The third
   author is partially supported by TUBITAK under Grant No. TBAG-107T826.
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG
PI TOKYO
PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011,
   JAPAN
SN 0916-8508
EI 1745-1337
J9 IEICE T FUND ELECTR
JI IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL E93A
IS 6
BP 1226
EP 1231
DI 10.1587/transfun.E93.A.1226
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information
   Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 616ZI
UT WOS:000279250100027
ER

PT J
AU Skripnyuk, VM
   Rabkin, E
   Bendersky, LA
   Magrez, A
   Carreno-Morelli, E
   Estrin, Y
AF Skripnyuk, V. M.
   Rabkin, E.
   Bendersky, L. A.
   Magrez, A.
   Carreno-Morelli, E.
   Estrin, Y.
TI Hydrogen storage properties of as-synthesized and severely deformed
   magnesium - multiwall carbon nanotubes composite
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP); Magnesium alloy; Carbon
   nanotubes; Hydrogen storage properties
ID MODERATE TEMPERATURES; ADSORPTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION;
   GRAPHITE; HYDRIDE; ALLOY; MGH2
AB We prepared a Mg-2 mass % multiwall carbon nanotubes composite employing a powder metallurgy technique. The kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption of the as-synthesized composite was much faster than that of reference samples of pure Mg. The pressure-composition isotherm (measured at 300 degrees C) of the as-synthesized composite exhibited no measurable pressure hysteresis, with the equilibrium hydrogen pressures in the plateau region being higher than those of pure Mg by a factor of up to 1.8. Equal channel angular pressing of the as-synthesized composite led to a slow down of the absorption/desorption processes at the initial stages of the processes, and to their acceleration at the later stages. We suggested that the mechanism responsible for the good kinetic performance of the as-synthesized composite was fast diffusion of hydrogen through the cores of carbon nanotubes. We put forward a hypothesis relating the increase in equilibrium hydrogen pressure in the as-synthesized composite to the elastic constraints imposed by carbon nanotubes on the Mg matrix. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Skripnyuk, V. M.; Rabkin, E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
   [Bendersky, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Magrez, A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Phys Complex Matter, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   [Carreno-Morelli, E.] Univ Appl Sci Western Switzerland, Design & Mat Unit, Sion, Switzerland.
   [Estrin, Y.] Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, ARC Ctr Excellence Design Light Met, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
   [Estrin, Y.] CSIRO, Div Proc Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia.
RP Rabkin, E (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
EM erabkin@tx.technion.ac.il
RI Rabkin, Eugen/A-2033-2012
NR 32
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 11
SI SI
BP 5471
EP 5478
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.03.047
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 613GR
UT WOS:000278967900035
ER

PT J
AU Hattrick-Simpers, JR
   Maslar, JE
   Niemann, MU
   Chiu, C
   Srinivasan, SS
   Stefanakos, EK
   Bendersky, LA
AF Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.
   Maslar, James E.
   Niemann, Michael U.
   Chiu, Chun
   Srinivasan, Sesha S.
   Stefanakos, Elias K.
   Bendersky, Leonid A.
TI Raman spectroscopic observation of dehydrogenation in ball-milled
   LiNH2-LiBH4-MgH2 nanoparticles
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Thermodynamical destabilzation; Hydrogen storage; In situ spectroscopy
ID HYDROGEN STORAGE PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX HYDRIDES;
   LITHIUM AMIDE; LIBH4; DESTABILIZATION; SPECTRA; SYSTEM; LINH2; MODES
AB In situ Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the dehydrogenation of ball-milled mixtures of LiNH2-LiBH4-MgH2 nanoparticles. The as-milled powders were found to contain a mixture of Li4BN3H10 and Mg(NH2)(2), with no evidence of residual LiNH2 or LiBH4. It was observed that the dehydrogenation of both of Li4BN3H10 and Mg(NH2)(2) begins at 353 K. The Mg(NH2)(2) was completely consumed by 415 K, while Li4BN3H10 persisted and continued to release hydrogen up to 453 K. At higher temperatures Li4BN3H10 melts and reacts with MgH2 to form Li2Mg(NH)(2) and hydrogen gas. Cycling studies of the ball-milled mixture at 423 K and 8 MPa (80 bar) found that during rehydrogenation of Li4BN3H10 Raman spectral modes reappear, indicating partial reversal of the Li4BN3H10 to Li2Mg(NH)(2) transformation. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu.
C1 [Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.; Maslar, James E.; Chiu, Chun; Bendersky, Leonid A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Niemann, Michael U.; Stefanakos, Elias K.] Univ S Florida, Coll Engn, Clean Energy Res Ctr, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
   [Srinivasan, Sesha S.] Tuskegee Univ, Coll Engn Architecture & Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA.
RP Hattrick-Simpers, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jhsimper@nist.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG36-04GO14224]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Wilbur S. Hurst for
   assistance in the design of the high-pressure high-temperature optical
   cell, and Hui Wu and Ursual Kattner for their careful reading of the
   manuscript. USF researchers acknowledge the financial support of the
   U.S. Department of Energy under the contract #DE-FG36-04GO14224.
NR 34
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 34
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 12
BP 6323
EP 6331
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.02.101
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 619FP
UT WOS:000279414900026
ER

PT J
AU Ashkar, R
   Stonaha, P
   Washington, AL
   Shah, VR
   Fitzsimmons, MR
   Maranville, B
   Majkrzak, CF
   Lee, WT
   Schaich, WL
   Pynn, R
AF Ashkar, Rana
   Stonaha, P.
   Washington, A. L.
   Shah, V. R.
   Fitzsimmons, M. R.
   Maranville, B.
   Majkrzak, C. F.
   Lee, W. T.
   Schaich, W. L.
   Pynn, Roger
TI Dynamical theory calculations of spin-echo resolved grazing-incidence
   scattering from a diffraction grating
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY; ROUGH SURFACES; ELECTRONS;
   REFLECTIVITY; CRYSTALS; ATOMS; FILMS
AB Neutrons scattered or reflected from a diffraction grating are subject to a periodic potential analogous to the potential experienced by electrons within a crystal. Hence, the wavefunction of the neutrons can be expanded in terms of Bloch waves and a dynamical theory can be applied to interpret the scattering phenomenon. In this paper, a dynamical theory is used to calculate the results of neutron spin-echo resolved grazing-incidence scattering (SERGIS) from a silicon diffraction grating with a rectangular profile. The calculations are compared with SERGIS measurements made on the same grating at two neutron sources: a pulsed source and a continuous wave source. In both cases, the spin-echo polarization, studied as a function of the spin-echo length, peaks at integer multiples of the grating period but there are some differences between the two sets of data. The dynamical theory explains the differences and gives a good account of both sets of results. (C) 2010 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved
C1 [Ashkar, Rana; Stonaha, P.; Washington, A. L.; Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
   [Ashkar, Rana; Stonaha, P.; Washington, A. L.; Schaich, W. L.; Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   [Shah, V. R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
   [Pynn, Roger] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Lee, W. T.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia.
   [Maranville, B.; Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ashkar, R (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
EM rashkar@indiana.edu; rpynn@indiana.edu
RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; 
OI Stonaha, Paul/0000-0002-6846-2442; Ashkar, Rana/0000-0003-4075-2330;
   Washington, Adam/0000-0002-3243-1556
FU US Department of Energy through its Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   Division of Material Science and Engineering [DE-FG0209ER46279]; US
   Department of Commerce
FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy through its
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Science and
   Engineering (grant No. DE-FG0209ER46279). The NIST Center for Neutron
   Research, where one of the experiments described here was performed, is
   funded by the US Department of Commerce. The Los Alamos Neutron Science
   Center, where the other experiment was carried out, is operated by the
   US Department of Energy. The authors thank the staff of both facilities
   for their assistance.
NR 32
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 43
BP 455
EP 465
DI 10.1107/S0021889810010642
PN 3
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 592PW
UT WOS:000277392600009
ER

PT J
AU Mullen, K
   Krayzman, V
   Levin, I
AF Mullen, Katharine
   Krayzman, Victor
   Levin, Igor
TI Atomic structure analysis at the nanoscale using the pair distribution
   function: simulation studies of simple elemental nanoparticles
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING
AB The pair distribution function (PDF), as determined from total X-ray or neutron scattering, is a valuable probe of atomic arrangements in nanoparticles. Structural information in the experimental PDF is modified by the effects of particle shape, particle size, extended defects and internal substructure. This study uses synthetic PDF data, generated for simple elemental nanoparticles having different degrees of displacive atomic disorder in the particle surface compared with the interior, to explore the feasibility of reliably extracting key features (i.e. a lattice constant, particle diameter, atomic displacement parameters for the interior and the surface, and thickness of the surface layer) from experimental data in the absence of systematic errors using a statistical modeling approach. This approach determines a model PDF via simulation of an ensemble of nanoparticles. Several methods for model optimization were tested and a differential evolution algorithm was selected as the most reliable and accurate. Fitting synthetic PDF data using this algorithm was demonstrated to estimate all features well with small standard uncertainties. Identification of larger displacive atomic disorder in the particle surface compared with the interior was shown to be possible via model selection. Software for nanoparticle simulation and model optimization is provided in open-source form, to allow reproduction and extension of the results presented here. (C) 2010 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved
C1 [Mullen, Katharine; Krayzman, Victor; Levin, Igor] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mullen, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM katharine.mullen@nist.gov
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 43
BP 483
EP 490
DI 10.1107/S0021889810008460
PN 3
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 592PW
UT WOS:000277392600012
ER

PT J
AU Han, M
   Braun, SA
   Olson, WS
   Persson, POG
   Bao, JW
AF Han, Mei
   Braun, Scott A.
   Olson, William S.
   Persson, P. Ola G.
   Bao, Jian-Wen
TI Application of TRMM PR and TMI Measurements to Assess Cloud
   Microphysical Schemes in the MM5 for a Winter Storm
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS; MELTING-LAYER MODEL; PART II;
   PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; CONVECTION;
   MESOSCALE; EVOLUTION
AB This paper uses observations from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and microwave imager (TMI) to evaluate the cloud microphysical schemes in the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5; version 3.7.4) for a wintertime frontal precipitation system over the eastern Pacific Ocean. By incorporating a forward radiative transfer model, the radar reflectivity and brightness temperatures are simulated and compared with the observations at PR and TMI frequencies. The main purpose of this study is to identify key differences among the five schemes [including Simple ice, Reisner1, Reisner2, Schultz, and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) microphysics scheme] in the MM5 that may lead to significant departures of simulated precipitation properties from both active (PR) and passive (TMI) microwave observations. Radiative properties, including radar reflectivity, attenuation, and scattering in precipitation liquid and ice layers are investigated. In the rain layer, most schemes are capable of reproducing the observed radiative properties to a reasonable degree; the Reisner2 simulation, however, produces weaker reflectivity and stronger attenuation than the observations, which is possibly attributable to the larger intercept parameter (N(0r)) applied in this run. In the precipitation ice layer, strong evidence regarding the differences in the microphysical and radiative properties between a narrow cold-frontal rainband (NCFR) and a wide cold-frontal rainband (WCFR) within this frontal precipitation system is found. The performances of these schemes vary significantly on simulating the microphysical and radiative properties of the frontal rainband. The GSFC scheme shows the least bias, while the Reisner1 scheme has the largest bias in the reflectivity comparison. It appears more challenging for the model to replicate the scattering signatures obtained by the passive sensor (TMI). Despite the common problem of excessive scattering in the WCFR (stratiform precipitation) region in every simulation, the magnitude of the scattering maximum seems better represented in the Reisner2 scheme. The different types of precipitation ice, snow, and graupel are found to behave differently in the relationship of scattering versus reflectivity. The determinative role of the precipitation ice particle size distribution (intercept parameters) is extensively discussed through sensitivity tests and a single-layer radiative transfer model.
C1 [Han, Mei] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   [Han, Mei; Braun, Scott A.; Olson, William S.] NASA, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Atmospheres Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Olson, William S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   [Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Persson, P. Ola G.; Bao, Jian-Wen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Han, M (reprint author), NASA, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Atmospheres Lab, GSFC, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM mei.han@nasa.gov
RI Han, Mei/H-2344-2012
FU NASA
FX The authors thank Dr. Paul Schultz at the NOAA/ESRL for his great help
   on understanding the Schultz scheme in the MM5. The author is very
   grateful for many beneficial discussions related to cloud modeling and
   radar with Drs. Xiaowen Li, Lin Tian, Mircea Grecu, Steve Lang, and
   Lihua Li at NASA/GSFC. Suggestions from Dr. Grant W. Petty at University
   of Wisconsin-Madison in the early stage of this study are greatly
   appreciated. The authors also gratefully acknowledge two anonymous
   reviewers and Dr. Benjamin Johnson at NASA/GSFC for their very valuable
   comments. This work was supported by Dr. Ramesh Kakar at NASA
   Headquarters with funds from the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission
   science program.
NR 33
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 6
BP 1129
EP 1148
DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2327.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 634SC
UT WOS:000280604200005
ER

PT J
AU Kumjian, MR
   Ryzhkov, AV
AF Kumjian, Matthew R.
   Ryzhkov, Alexander V.
TI The Impact of Evaporation on Polarimetric Characteristics of Rain:
   Theoretical Model and Practical Implications
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FRAGMENT SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; RADAR MEASUREMENTS;
   HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; DROP-SPECTRUM; BREAKUP; COALESCENCE;
   PARAMETERIZATION; EVOLUTION; RAINDROPS
AB Soon, the National Weather Service's Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network will be upgraded to allow dual-polarization capabilities. Therefore, it is imperative to understand and identify microphysical processes using the polarimetric variables. Though melting and size sorting of hydrometeors have been investigated, there has been relatively little focus devoted to the impacts of evaporation on the polarimetric characteristics of rainfall. In this study, a simple explicit bin microphysics one-dimensional rainshaft model is constructed to quantify the impacts of evaporation (neglecting the collisional processes) on vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables in rain. The results of this model are applicable for light to moderate rain (<10 mm h (1)). The modeling results indicate that the amount of evaporation that occurs in the subcloud layer is strongly dependent on the initial shape of the drop size distribution aloft, which can be assessed with polarimetric measurements. Understanding how radar-estimated rainfall rates may change in height due to evaporation is important for quantitative precipitation estimates, especially in regions far from the radar or in regions of complex terrain where low levels may not be adequately sampled. In addition to quantifying the effects of evaporation, a simple method of estimating the amount of evaporation that occurs in a given environment based on polarimetric radar measurements of the reflectivity factor Z(H) and differential reflectivity Z(DR) aloft is offered. Such a technique may be useful to operational meteorologists and hydrologists in estimating the amount of precipitation reaching the surface, especially in regions of poor low-level radar coverage such as mountainous regions or locations at large distances from the radar.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 4900, Norman, OK 73071 USA.
EM matthew.kumjian@noaa.gov
FU NSF [ATM-0532107]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under
   NOAA/University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce
FX This work is partially funded under NSF Grant ATM-0532107. Additional
   funding comes from the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
   under NOAA/University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S.
   Department of Commerce. We thank Dr. Scott Giangrande for useful
   comments on the topic. Drs. Heather Reeves and J.J. Gourley provided
   useful reviews of the manuscript that helped the clarity and focus of
   the paper. Additionally, three anonymous reviewers provided numerous
   comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript.
NR 65
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 6
BP 1247
EP 1267
DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2243.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 634SC
UT WOS:000280604200012
ER

PT J
AU Faleev, N
   Levin, I
AF Faleev, N.
   Levin, I.
TI Strain and crystal defects in thin AlN/GaN structures on (0001) SiC
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminium compounds; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; MOCVD;
   semiconductor growth; semiconductor thin films; silicon compounds;
   stacking faults; transmission electron microscopy; vapour phase
   epitaxial growth; wide band gap semiconductors; X-ray diffraction
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LATTICE-MISMATCH; III-NITRIDES; GAN; GROWTH;
   FILMS; MISFIT; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; DISLOCATIONS
AB High-resolution x-ray diffraction was used to compare strain relaxation and defect populations in thin GaN/AlN heterostructures (total thickness approximate to 480 nm) grown on (0001) SiC using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and hydride vapor epitaxy (HVPE) techniques. The results of high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements (rocking curves and reciprocal space mapping) were corroborated using transmission electron microscopy. Differently grown films exhibited dissimilar strain relaxation and defect populations that were related to specific growth conditions. In the MOCVD films, grown under lower deposition rates, the elastic strain in the AlN and GaN layers was fully relaxed at the initial stages of the epitaxial growth yielding nearly similar densities of threading dislocation segments (TDS) in layer volumes. Additional, "secondary" elastic stresses in these layers were attributed to the excess of point defects. In the HVPE films, grown under higher (five to ten times) deposition rates, these layers were over relaxed and the density of TDS in the GaN layer was an order of magnitude larger than that in AlN. The MOCVD-grown sample was devoid of planar defects whereas the HVPE film contains significant densities of stacking faults in both GaN and AlN layers. Formation of "secondary" extended defects was interpreted in terms of creation and structural transformation of point defects during epitaxial growth. Differences in strain levels, types, and defect populations/distributions for the two heterostructures were attributed to the different growth rates for MOCVD and HVPE. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3437632]
C1 [Faleev, N.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   [Levin, I.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Faleev, N.] Univ Delaware, ECE Dept, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Faleev, N (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM nikolai.faleev@asu.edu
RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010
NR 33
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 39
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 11
AR 113529
DI 10.1063/1.3437632
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 612NU
UT WOS:000278907100052
ER

PT J
AU Usselman, RJ
   Klem, MT
   Russek, SE
   Young, M
   Douglas, T
   Goldfarb, RB
AF Usselman, Robert J.
   Klem, Michael T.
   Russek, Stephen E.
   Young, Mark
   Douglas, Trevor
   Goldfarb, Ron B.
TI Two-component magnetic structure of iron oxide nanoparticles mineralized
   in Listeria innocua protein cages
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ferromagnetic materials; ferromagnetic resonance; iron compounds;
   magnetic moments; magnetic particles; magnetic structure; magnetisation;
   nanomagnetics; nanoparticles
ID FERRITIN; RESONANCE
AB Magnetometry was used to determine the magnetic properties of maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) nanoparticles formed within Listeria innocua protein cage. The electron magnetic resonance spectrum shows the presence of at least two magnetization components. The magnetization curves are explained by a sum of two Langevin functions in which each filled protein cage contains both a large magnetic iron oxide core plus an amorphous surface consisting of small noncoupled iron oxide spin clusters. This model qualitatively explains the observed decrease in the temperature dependent saturation moment and removes an unrealistic temperature dependent increase in the particle moment often observed in nanoparticle magnetization measurements. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3400033]
C1 [Usselman, Robert J.; Russek, Stephen E.; Goldfarb, Ron B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Klem, Michael T.; Douglas, Trevor] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Klem, Michael T.; Douglas, Trevor] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Young, Mark] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Klem, Michael T.; Young, Mark; Douglas, Trevor] Montana State Univ, Ctr Bioinspired Nanomat, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Klem, Michael T.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA.
   [Klem, Michael T.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Ctr Adv Supramol & Nano Syst, Butte, MT 59701 USA.
RP Usselman, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM usselman@boulder.nist.gov
RI Douglas, Trevor/F-2748-2011; Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011
OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974
FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0709358]; Office of Naval Research
   [N00014-03-1-0692]; U.S. government
FX This research was supported in part by grants from the National Science
   Foundation (Grant No. CBET-0709358) and Office of Naval Research (Grant
   No. N00014-03-1-0692). R.J.U. is a National Research Council
   postdoctoral associate. Work partially supported by U.S. government, not
   subject to U.S. copyright.
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 11
AR 114703
DI 10.1063/1.3400033
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 612NU
UT WOS:000278907100164
ER

PT J
AU Mo, T
AF Mo, Tsan
TI A Study of the NOAA Near-Nadir AMSU-A Brightness Temperatures over
   Antarctica
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION; LAND
AB Daily mean brightness temperatures over Antarctica derived from measurements by three Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) radiometers on board NOAA-18, NOAA-19, and MetOp-A satellites are studied. To demonstrate the characteristics of the data over this test site, time series of daily averages of the brightness temperatures are constructed. These time series provide a useful pattern of annual variation of the AMSU-A measurements for intercalibration of microwave radiometers on board multiple satellites. To investigate the diurnal effect on the measurements, the time series of daily averaged brightness temperatures are constructed separately for the ascending and descending passes. Results show that there are little diurnal differences in measurements during the Antarctic winter months from each satellite. Therefore these measurements provide a practical approach to obtain relative channel biases of intersatellite data. The monthly averages of the measurements over July 2009 are employed to obtain the relative channel biases because it is the coldest month in Antarctica. The resultant channel biases for the three satellites are within the range of +/- 0.1 K for channels 1-5 and +/- 0.3 K for channels 6-15. This is strong evidence that Antarctica is a potentially good test site for intercalibration of microwave radiometers on board multiple satellites. The small relative biases at channels 1-5 indicate that Antarctica is a very stable test site that is particularly useful for intercalibration of measurements from the window channels. The establishment of a natural test site for calibration references is important for calibration and validation of spaceborne microwave instruments.
C1 NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Mo, T (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM tsan.mo@noaa.gov
RI Mo, Tsan/F-5614-2010
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 27
IS 6
BP 995
EP 1004
DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1417.1
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 615AR
UT WOS:000279103600004
ER

PT J
AU Outcalt, S
   Laesecke, A
   Fortin, TJ
AF Outcalt, Stephanie
   Laesecke, Arno
   Fortin, Tara J.
TI Density and speed of sound measurements of hexadecane
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Adiabatic compressibility; Compressed liquid; Density; Hexadecane; Speed
   of sound
ID LIQUID N-ALKANES; BINARY-MIXTURES; ISENTROPIC COMPRESSIBILITIES;
   REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; PLUS HEXADECANE; EXCESS VOLUMES;
   HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEMS
AB The density and speed of sound of hexadecane have been measured with two instruments. Both instruments use the vibrating-tube method for measuring density. Ambient pressure (83 kPa) density and speed of sound were measured with a commercial instrument from T = (290.65 to 343.15) K. Adiabatic compressibilities are derived from the density and speed of sound data at ambient pressure. Compressed liquid density was measured in a second instrument and ranged from T = (310 to 470) K with pressures from (1 to 50) MPa. The overall relative expanded uncertainty of the compressed liquid density measurements is 0.10-0.13% (k = 2). The overall relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2.3) of the speed of sound measurements is 0.2% and that of the ambient pressure density measurements is approximately 0.04% (k = 2.3). The ambient pressure and compressed liquid density measurements are correlated within 0.1% with a modified Tait equation. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie; Laesecke, Arno; Fortin, Tara J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Outcalt, S (reprint author), NIST, Mail Stop 838-07,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Outcalt@nist.gov
NR 57
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 42
IS 6
BP 700
EP 706
DI 10.1016/j.jct.2010.01.003
PG 7
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA 595XK
UT WOS:000277647000002
ER

PT J
AU Carson, M
   Harrison, DE
AF Carson, Mark
   Harrison, D. E.
TI Regional Interdecadal Variability in Bias-Corrected Ocean Temperature
   Data
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WORLD OCEAN; TRENDS; XBT
AB Regional interdecadal variability, on subbasin to basin scales, is shown to be a robust feature of the post-World War II (WWII) historical temperature record, even after a recently proposed bias correction to XBT fall rates is applied. This study shows that the previously reported strong regional variability is generally unaffected by this correction, even though the interdecadal variability in the most recently published estimates of global ocean heat content is much reduced after a correction is applied. Following methods used in previous trend analysis work, estimates of interdecadal trends are calculated for individual regions of the global ocean where there are sufficient data. Spatial maps of temperature trends for the surface and three subsurface depths (50, 100, and 300 m) are presented, with both bias-corrected and uncorrected data trends at 100 and 300 m shown for comparison. In the upper two depths and at the surface, interdecadal variability is shown to be present and strong in most of the analysis regions. At 100 m, the differences between trends based on bias-corrected versus uncorrected data are small, and barely distinguishable for much of the ocean analyzed. There are more differences at 300 m between the two data treatments, but large-scale patterns are still present in the bias-corrected trends, especially where the trends are stronger.
   Given the sampling issues discussed in previous works, the presence of strong interdecadal variability on smaller scales raises concerns that global interdecadal variability in the historical record still may not be properly resolved.
C1 [Carson, Mark; Harrison, D. E.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Carson, Mark; Harrison, D. E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Harrison, D. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Carson, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM carson2@uw.edu
RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013
FU NOAA/Office of Climate Observations; Pacific Marine Environmental
   Laboratory; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
   (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232]
FX This work was supported by the NOAA/Office of Climate Observations and
   the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (Eddie Bernard, Director).
   This publication is (partially) funded by the Joint Institute for the
   Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative
   Agreement NA17RJ1232. Much of the work presented here was obtained with
   the Ferret freeware analysis package, which is available online
   (http://www.ferret.noaa.gov).
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 11
BP 2847
EP 2855
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3121.1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AR
UT WOS:000278783300002
ER

PT J
AU Alexander, MA
   Vimont, DJ
   Chang, P
   Scott, JD
AF Alexander, Michael A.
   Vimont, Daniel J.
   Chang, Ping
   Scott, James D.
TI The Impact of Extratropical Atmospheric Variability on ENSO: Testing the
   Seasonal Footprinting Mechanism Using Coupled Model Experiments
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL
   PACIFIC-OCEAN; STOCHASTIC DYNAMICAL MODEL; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC;
   NORTH PACIFIC; DECADAL VARIABILITY; MERIDIONAL MODE; OPTIMAL-GROWTH
AB Previous studies suggest that extratropical atmospheric variability influences the tropics via the seasonal footprinting mechanism (SFM), in which fluctuations in the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) impact the ocean via surface heat fluxes during winter and the resulting springtime subtropical SST anomalies alter the atmosphere-ocean system over the tropics in the following summer, fall, and winter. Here, the authors test the SFM hypothesis by imposing NPO-related surface heat flux forcing in an atmospheric GCM coupled to a reduced gravity ocean model in the tropics and a slab ocean in the extratropics. The forcing is only imposed through the first winter, and then the model is free to evolve through the following winter.
   The evolution of the coupled model response to the forcing is consistent with the SFM hypothesis: the NPO-driven surface fluxes cause positive SST anomalies to form in the central and eastern subtropics during winter; these anomalies propagate toward the equator along with westerly wind anomalies during spring, reach the equator in summer, and then amplify, which leads to an ENSO event in the following winter. The anomalies reach the equator through a combination of thermodynamically coupled air-sea interactions, namely, the wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback and equatorial ocean dynamics. The initial off-equatorial anomaly propagates toward the equator through a relaxation of the climatological easterly winds south of the dominant SST anomalies, which leads to a reduction in upward latent heat flux. These westerly anomalies reach the equator during boreal summer, where they can excite downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves. The connection between off-equatorial variations and tropical ENSO-like conditions may also occur via the excitation of westward-propagating equatorial Rossby waves during spring, which reflect off of the western boundary as Kelvin waves, depressing the thermocline in the eastern Pacific during the following summer. NPO-related anomalies that form during the first winter in the tropical Pacific may also contribute to the development of an El Nino event in the following winter.
   The imposition of the NPO-related forcing caused warming in the ENSO region in; similar to 70% of the ensemble of 60 simulations; therefore, the response depends on the state of the tropical atmosphere-ocean system. For years where the control simulation was poised to develop into a neutral or negative ENSO event, the addition of the NPO heat fluxes tended to cause anomalous warming in the tropical Pacific in the following fall/winter; if the control was heading toward a warm ENSO event, the imposition of NPO forcing tends to reduce the amplitude of that event.
C1 [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Vimont, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.
   [Vimont, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA.
   [Chang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Scott, James D.] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Alexander, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM michael.alexander@noaa.gov
RI Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013
OI Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427
FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NSF
FX We thank Bruce Anderson for his insightful comments on a previous
   version of the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from
   the NOAA Climate Program Office's Climate Variability and Predictability
   Program and the NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program.
NR 72
TC 57
Z9 59
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 11
BP 2885
EP 2901
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3205.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AR
UT WOS:000278783300005
ER

PT J
AU Capotondi, A
   Alexander, MA
AF Capotondi, Antonietta
   Alexander, Michael A.
TI Relationship between Precipitation in the Great Plains of the United
   States and Global SSTs: Insights from the IPCC AR4 Models
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; DUST-BOWL; VARIABILITY;
   DROUGHT; OCEAN; MODULATION; IMPACTS
AB Multicentury preindustrial control simulations from six of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) models are used to examine the relationship between low-frequency precipitation variations in the Great Plains (GP) region of the United States and global sea surface temperatures (SSTs). This study builds on previous work performed with atmospheric models forced by observed SSTs during the twentieth century and extends it to a coupled model context and longer time series. The climate models used in this study reproduce the precipitation climatology over the United States reasonably well, with maximum precipitation occurring in early summer, as observed. The modeled precipitation time series exhibit negative "decadal'' anomalies, identified using a 5-yr running mean, of amplitude comparable to that of the twentieth-century droughts. It is found that low-frequency anomalies over the GP are part of a large-scale pattern of precipitation variations, characterized by anomalies of the same sign as in the GP region over Europe and southern South America and anomalies of opposite sign over northern South America, India, and Australia. The large-scale pattern of the precipitation anomalies is associated with global-scale atmospheric circulation changes; during wet periods in the GP, geopotential heights are raised in the tropics and high latitudes and lowered in the midlatitudes in most models, with the midlatitude jets displaced toward the equator in both hemispheres. Statistically significant correlations are found between the decadal precipitation anomalies in the GP region and tropical Pacific SSTs in all the models. The influence of other oceans (Indian and tropical and North Atlantic), which previous studies have identified as potentially important, appears to be model dependent.
C1 [Capotondi, Antonietta] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Capotondi, Antonietta] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Capotondi, A (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM antonietta.capotondi@noaa.gov
RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013
OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427
FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy; NOAA; CDEP
FX We acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing their
   data for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and
   Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the
   JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) and their Coupled
   Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for
   organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for
   technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, US Department of
   Energy. Funding for AC was provided by NOAA through the U.S. CLIVAR
   Droughts in Coupled Models Project (DRICOMP) and through CDEP funding to
   ESRL. Insightful conversations with Clara Deser, as well as constructive
   criticism and suggestions from the NOAA/ESRL/PSD Attribution Group, in
   particular Martin Hoerling, Judith Perlwitz, Klaus Wolter, and Dezheng
   Sun, are gratefully acknowledged.
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 11
BP 2941
EP 2958
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3291.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AR
UT WOS:000278783300009
ER

PT J
AU Straub, KH
   Haertel, PT
   Kiladis, GN
AF Straub, Katherine H.
   Haertel, Patrick T.
   Kiladis, George N.
TI An Analysis of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves in 20 WCRP CMIP3 Global
   Coupled Climate Models
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION;
   GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS;
   CUMULUS CONVECTION; EQUATORIAL WAVES; AGCM SIMULATIONS;
   ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; MOIST CONVECTION
AB Output from 20 coupled global climate models is analyzed to determine whether convectively coupled Kelvin waves exist in the models, and, if so, how their horizontal and vertical structures compare to observations. Model data are obtained from the World Climate Research Program's (WCRP's) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel dataset.
   Ten of the 20 models contain spectral peaks in precipitation in the Kelvin wave band, and, of these 10, only 5 contain wave activity distributions and three-dimensional wave structures that resemble the observations. Thus, the majority (75%) of the global climate models surveyed do not accurately represent convectively coupled Kelvin waves, one of the primary sources of submonthly zonally propagating variability in the tropics.
   The primary feature common to the five successful models is the convective parameterization. Three of the five models use the Tiedtke-Nordeng convective scheme, while the other two utilize the Pan and Randall scheme. The 15 models with less success at generating Kelvin waves predominantly contain convective schemes that are based on the concept of convective adjustment, although it appears that those schemes can be improved by the addition of convective "trigger'' functions.
   Three-dimensional Kelvin wave structures in the five successful models resemble observations to a large degree, with vertically tilted temperature, specific humidity, and zonal wind anomalies. However, no model completely captures the observed signal, with most of the models being deficient in lower-tropospheric temperature and humidity signals near the location of maximum precipitation. These results suggest the need for improvements in the representations of shallow convection and convective downdrafts in global models.
C1 [Straub, Katherine H.] Susquehanna Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA.
   [Haertel, Patrick T.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
   [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Straub, KH (reprint author), Susquehanna Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 514 Univ Ave, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA.
EM straubk@susqu.edu
FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science
   Foundation [ATM-0527412, ATM-0849323, ATM-0754088]
FX The authors thank Paul Roundy and three anonymous reviewers for their
   comments on earlier drafts of this paper, Ken Bowman and Aditya Murthi
   for creating and sharing the 2.5 degrees resolution TRMM precipitation
   dataset, and Tsuneaki Suzuki for discussions of MIROC3.2(medres). We
   also acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model
   Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on
   Coupled Modelling (WGCM), for their roles in making available the WCRP
   CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the
   Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. KHS was partially
   supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0527412. PTH was
   partially supported by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0849323
   and ATM-0754088.
NR 87
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 11
BP 3031
EP 3056
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3422.1
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AR
UT WOS:000278783300015
ER

PT J
AU Kossin, JP
   Camargo, SJ
   Sitkowski, M
AF Kossin, James P.
   Camargo, Suzana J.
   Sitkowski, Matthew
TI Climate Modulation of North Atlantic Hurricane Tracks
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; LARGE-SCALE
   CIRCULATION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; EL-NINO; OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS;
   POTENTIAL INTENSITY; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; STORM FORMATION; TYPHOON TRACKS
AB The variability of North Atlantic tropical storm and hurricane tracks, and its relationship to climate variability, is explored. Tracks from the North Atlantic hurricane database for the period 1950-2007 are objectively separated into four groups using a cluster technique that has been previously applied to tropical cyclones in other ocean basins. The four clusters form zonal and meridional separations of the tracks. The meridional separation largely captures the separation between tropical and more baroclinic systems, while the zonal separation segregates Gulf of Mexico and Cape Verde storms. General climatologies of the seasonality, intensity, landfall probability, and historical destructiveness of each cluster are documented, and relationships between cluster membership and climate variability across a broad spectrum of time scales are identified.
   Composites, with respect to cluster membership, of sea surface temperature and other environmental fields show that regional and remote modes of climate variability modulate the cluster members in substantially differing ways and further demonstrate that factors such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Atlantic meridional mode (AMM), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) have varying intrabasin influences on North Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes. Relationships with African easterly waves are also considered. The AMM and ENSO are found to most strongly modulate the deep tropical systems, while the MJO most strongly modulates Gulf of Mexico storms and the NAO most strongly modulates storms that form to the north and west of their Cape Verde counterparts and closer to the NAO centers of action.
   Different clusters also contribute differently to the observed trends in North Atlantic storm frequency and may be related to intrabasin differences in sea surface temperature trends. Frequency trends are dominated by the deep tropical systems, which account for most of the major hurricanes and overall power dissipation. Contrarily, there are no discernable trends in the frequency of Gulf of Mexico storms, which account for the majority of landfalling storms. When the proportion that each cluster contributes to overall frequency is considered, there are clear shifts between the deep tropical systems and the more baroclinic systems. A shift toward proportionally more deep tropical systems began in the early to mid-1980s more than 10 years before the 1995 North Atlantic hurricane season, which is generally used to mark the beginning of the present period of heightened activity.
C1 [Kossin, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, NCDC, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Camargo, Suzana J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
   [Sitkowski, Matthew] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Sitkowski, Matthew] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Kossin, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, NCDC, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM james.kossin@noaa.gov
RI Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Kossin, James/D-3929-2011; Kossin,
   James/C-2022-2016
OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794
FU Risk Prediction Initiative of the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences;
   NOAA's National Climatic Data Center; NOAA [NA08OAR4320912]
FX We are grateful to Matt Wheeler, Eric DeWeaver, John Molinari, Dave
   Lorenz, and Dan Vimont for their helpful input, and Kerry Emanuel and
   two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews of the original
   manuscript. This work was funded by the Risk Prediction Initiative of
   the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences and by NOAA's National Climatic
   Data Center. SJC acknowledges support from NOAA Grant NA08OAR4320912.
   The NOAA ERSST V3 data and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, and the AMM, Nino
   1 + 2, and NAO indices were provided by the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences
   Division, Boulder, Colorado, from their Web site at
   http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The MJO index was obtained from the
   Center for Australian Weather and Climate Research.
NR 77
TC 101
Z9 101
U1 2
U2 31
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 11
BP 3057
EP 3076
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3497.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AR
UT WOS:000278783300016
ER

PT J
AU Lin, JL
   Shinoda, T
   Qian, TT
   Han, WQ
   Roundy, P
   Zheng, YX
AF Lin, Jia-Lin
   Shinoda, Toshiaki
   Qian, Taotao
   Han, Weiqing
   Roundy, Paul
   Zheng, Yangxing
TI Intraseasonal Variation of Winter Precipitation over the Western United
   States Simulated by 14 IPCC AR4 Coupled GCMs
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EXTRATROPICAL 40-DAY OSCILLATION; LARGE-SCALE
   MODELS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; WAVELET ANALYSIS; BOREAL
   SUMMER; LIFE-CYCLES; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY
AB This study evaluates the intraseasonal variation of winter precipitation over the western United States in 14 coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Eight years of each model's twentieth-century climate simulation are analyzed. The focus is on the two dominant intraseasonal modes for the western U. S. precipitation: the 40-day mode and the 22-day mode.
   The results show that the models tend to overestimate the northern winter (November-April) seasonal mean precipitation over the western United States and Canada. The models also tend to produce overly strong intraseasonal variability in western U. S. wintertime precipitation, in spite of the overly weak tropical intraseasonal variability in most of the models. All models capture both the 40-day mode and the 22-day mode, usually with overly large variances. For the 40-day mode, models tend to reproduce its deep barotropic vertical structure and three-cell horizontal structure, but only 5 of the 14 models capture its northward propagation, and only 2 models simulate its teleconnection with the Madden-Julian oscillation in the tropical Pacific. For the 22-day mode, 8 of the 14 models reproduce its coherent northward propagation, and 9 models capture its teleconnection with precipitation in the tropical Pacific.
C1 [Lin, Jia-Lin; Qian, Taotao] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Shinoda, Toshiaki] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
   [Qian, Taotao] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Roundy, Paul] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
   [Zheng, Yangxing] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Lin, JL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, 1105 Derby Hall,154 N Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM lin.789@osu.edu
RI Zheng, Yangxing/B-7965-2013; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016
OI Zheng, Yangxing/0000-0003-2039-1494; Shinoda,
   Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206
FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NASA; NSF [ATM-0745872,
   OCE-0453046, ATM-0745897]; NOAA; Office of Naval Research (ONR)
   [601153N]
FX Gary Russell kindly provided a detailed description of the GISS-AOM
   model. We acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing
   their data for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and
   Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the
   JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) and their Coupled
   Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for
   organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for
   technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of
   Energy. J. L. Lin was supported by the NASA MAP Program and NSF Grant
   ATM-0745872. T. Shinoda was supported by NSF Grants OCE-0453046 and
   ATM-0745897, the NOAA CPO/CVP program, and the 6.1 project Global Remote
   Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways sponsored by the Office of
   Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element 601153N.
NR 50
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 11
BP 3094
EP 3119
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2991.1
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AR
UT WOS:000278783300018
ER

PT J
AU Joyce, TM
   Zhang, R
AF Joyce, Terrence M.
   Zhang, Rong
TI On the Path of the Gulf Stream and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
   Circulation
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION;
   VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; MODEL; RECIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; FUTURE; SOUTH
AB The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) simulated in various ocean-only and coupled atmosphere-ocean numerical models often varies in time because of either forced or internal variability. The path of the Gulf Stream (GS) is one diagnostic variable that seems to be sensitive to the amplitude of the AMOC, yet previous modeling studies show a diametrically opposed relationship between the two variables. In this note this issue is revisited, bringing together ocean observations and comparisons with the GFDL Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1), both of which suggest a more southerly (northerly) GS path when the AMOC is relatively strong (weak). Also shown are some examples of possible diagnostics to compare various models and observations on the relationship between shifts in GS path and changes in AMOC strength in future studies.
C1 [Joyce, Terrence M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02556 USA.
   [Zhang, Rong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Joyce, TM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Mail Stop 21,360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02556 USA.
EM tjoyce@whoi.edu
RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014
OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556
FU WHOI; NASA [NNXZX09AF35G]; NOAA/OAR
FX We wish to acknowledge support (TJ) from WHOI's Paul Fye Chair and NASA
   (NNXZX09AF35G) and to NOAA/OAR (RZ) for this work.
NR 33
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 11
BP 3146
EP 3154
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3310.1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AR
UT WOS:000278783300021
ER

PT J
AU Fiorentini, X
   Rachuri, S
   Suh, H
   Lee, J
   Sriram, RD
AF Fiorentini, Xenia
   Rachuri, Sudarsan
   Suh, Hyowon
   Lee, Jaehyun
   Sriram, Ram D.
TI An Analysis of Description Logic Augmented with Domain Rules for the
   Development of Product Models
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT; DESIGN; ONTOLOGY; FRAMEWORK; EXCHANGE
AB The languages and logical formalisms developed by information scientists and logicians concentrate on the theory of languages and logical theorem proving. These languages, when used by domain experts to represent their domain of discourse, most often have issues related to the level of expressiveness and need specific extensions. In this paper, we first analyze the requirements for the development of structured knowledge representation models for manufacturing products. We then explore how these requirements can be satisfied through the levels of logical formalisms and expressivity of a structured knowledge representation model. We report our analysis of description logic (DL) and domain-specific rules with respect to the requirements by giving an example of a product ontology developed with ontology web language-description logic (OWL) and augmented with semantic web rule language (SWRL) rules. Clearly, increasing the expressivity of a product ontology also improves that of domain-specific rules, but there exits the usual tradeoff between the expressivity of languages and the complexity of their reasoning tasks. We present a case study of an electromechanical product to validate the analysis and further show how the OWL-DL reasoner together with the rule engine can enable reasoning about the product ontology. We finally discuss the open issues such as capabilities and limitations related to the usage of DL, OWL, and SWRL for product modeling. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3385794]
C1 [Fiorentini, Xenia; Rachuri, Sudarsan; Suh, Hyowon; Lee, Jaehyun; Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Design Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fiorentini, X (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Design Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM xenia.fiorentini@nist.gov; rachuri.sudarsan@nist.gov;
   hyowon.suh@nist.gov; lee.jaehyun@nist.gov; ram.sriram@nist.gov
RI Suh, Hyo-Won/C-1543-2011
NR 35
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U1 0
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PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 1530-9827
J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG
JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 2
AR 021008
DI 10.1115/1.3385794
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
   Manufacturing
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 608HU
UT WOS:000278575300008
ER

PT J
AU Hogan, F
   Friedland, KD
AF Hogan, F.
   Friedland, K. D.
TI Retrospective growth analysis of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and
   implications for abundance trends
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE circuli; compensatory; marine growth; post-smolt growth; recruitment;
   survival
ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; LONG-TERM CHANGES; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; PACIFIC
   SALMON; NORTH-AMERICAN; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; LIFE-CYCLE; O-NERKA;
   SURVIVAL; RIVER
AB Scale archives of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from Maine, U.S.A., were examined to determine whether ocean conditions affected the long-term trends in S. salar populations in the southern tier of the species' range in North America. To date, scale analyses of southern tier populations have been limited to hatchery fish; previous studies suggest that post-smolt growth does not influence recruitment, with the exception that winter growth may play a role in stock maturation rate. A time series of scales from the Machias and Narraguagus Rivers spanning the years 1946 to 1999 was analysed. Image analysis was used to measure intercirculi spacing, which provided proxy variables of growth rate. Post-smolt growth increment has increased since the early 1990s, as returns have decreased, suggesting that survival factors act on post-smolts independent of growth. The data support the hypothesis of a decoupling between freshwater size and early marine growth. Growth during the second sea winter was independent of post-smolt growth, suggesting that individuals are capable of significant compensatory growth. Southern tier North American stocks exhibit a similar pattern of independence between growth and survival as observed for northern tier North American stocks. These data support the inference that the recruitment of the North American and European subspecies is governed by fundamentally different mechanisms.
C1 [Hogan, F.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Friedland, K. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Hogan, F (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci, 200 Mill Rd Suite 325, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA.
EM fhogan@umassd.edu
FU Massachusetts Fisheries Institute
FX The authors would like to thank the Maine Atlantic Salmon Commission for
   providing the scales used in this study and the Massachusetts Fisheries
   Institute for additional support during this project.
NR 52
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-1112
EI 1095-8649
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 10
BP 2502
EP 2520
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02650.x
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 611HD
UT WOS:000278802500014
PM 20557605
ER

PT J
AU Ivan, LN
   Rutherford, ES
   Riseng, C
   Tyler, JA
AF Ivan, Lori N.
   Rutherford, Edward S.
   Riseng, Catherine
   Tyler, Jeffrey A.
TI Density, production, and survival of walleye (Sander vitreus) eggs in
   the Muskegon River, Michigan
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Spawning; Walleye; Egg survival; Muskegon River; Great Lakes
ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; LIFE-HISTORY STAGES; SPAWNING HABITAT; DAM REMOVAL;
   FISH; DEPOSITION; REEFS
AB Walleye (Sander vitreus) is an important sport fish in the Great Lakes that is experiencing low reproductive success after severe population declines starting in the late 1940s. In the Muskegon River, Michigan, natural reproduction of walleyes remains low and is largely supplemented by stocking. To determine factors influencing walleye reproductive success in the Muskegon River, we estimated walleye egg survival using in situ egg incubators covered with nitex screening (2003-2004) and estimated density and survival of fertilized eggs caught on furnace filter traps across different substrate types (2005-2006). We compared physical habitat suitability for walleye eggs under high and low flow scenarios. Density of walleye eggs was highest in regions of gravel/cobble substrates. Egg survival was higher in egg incubators (24-49.5%) than on furnace filter traps (2.0%), suggesting predation is an important source of walleye egg mortality in the Muskegon River. Cold water temperatures that extended developmental stage durations may also be an important source of egg mortality. The dynamic habitat suitability model predicted low suitability for eggs due to poor temperature and velocity conditions. Despite low egg survival rates, 40 million to 1 billion eggs were estimated to hatch. The low natural reproduction of walleyes in the Muskegon River is likely due to a combination of low walleye egg survival and failure of walleye larvae to reach their nursery grounds in Muskegon Lake. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ivan, Lori N.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Ivan, Lori N.; Rutherford, Edward S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
   [Riseng, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Tyler, Jeffrey A.] Fisheries Project, Farmington, CT 06032 USA.
RP Ivan, LN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM livan@purdue.edu; ed.rutherford@noaa.gov
OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667
FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust; Saginaw Bay Walleye Club; Dr. David Jude,
   University of Michigan
FX We would like to thank Dr. Bruce Manny of USGS for his assistance in
   sampling design, loan of egg incubators, and egg mat design. Assistance
   in egg staging techniques and larvae identification from Dr. Edward
   Roseman was vital to the completion of the study. Field assistance was
   provided by D. Krueger, J. Roberts, D. Swank, K. Marko, and D. Ruberg.
   Walleye egg collections, laboratory tanks, vehicles, and boat support
   were provided by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries
   Division. Funding for this project was provided by the Great Lakes
   Fisheries Trust, the Saginaw Bay Walleye Club, and Dr. David Jude,
   University of Michigan. Dr. Jude reviewed several previous drafts of the
   manuscript. This is a GLERL contribution No. 1549.
NR 31
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 2
BP 328
EP 337
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.02.010
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 605ZR
UT WOS:000278389700014
ER

PT J
AU Pangle, KL
   Peacor, SD
AF Pangle, Kevin L.
   Peacor, Scott D.
TI Temperature gradients, not food resource gradients, affect growth rate
   of migrating Daphnia mendotae in Lake Michigan
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Laurentian Great Lakes; Vertical migration; Zooplankton production; Deep
   chlorophyll maxima; Non-consumptive effects
ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; WATER SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; LIFE-HISTORY
   PARAMETERS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ZOOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; NUTRIENT
   LIMITATION; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; QUALITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; REPRODUCTION
AB Zooplankton production plays a critical role in the Great Lakes ecosystem, and vertical migration, which is exhibited by many zooplankton species, could affect production. We examined the effects of water temperature and food resource gradients on the growth rate of zooplankton undergoing vertical migration in Lake Michigan. In three laboratory experiments, juvenile Daphnia mendotae, native herbivorous cladocerans, were incubated for 5 days at water temperatures associated with the epilimnion and deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) of Lake Michigan and were fed food resources collected directly from these regions. Growth rate strongly depended on water temperature, as Daphnia incubated at the epilimnetic temperature (21 degrees C) grew 42% faster than those at the DCM temperature (8 degrees C). Growth rate of Daphnia that alternated between the two temperatures every 12 h (0.108 day(-1)) was similar to the arithmetic average growth rate of the two water temperature treatment extremes (0.110 day(-1)), suggesting fluctuating temperatures alone do not substantially influence Daphnia growth. In contrast, food resources derived from different depths did not affect growth rate, nor was there a significant interaction between food resource origin and water temperature effects. Our results indicate that vertical migration will reduce growth rate, and hence zooplankton production, through reduced temperature, not from changes in resources. Consideration of the effects of vertical migration, especially given the known variability in this behavior, may substantially improve zooplankton production estimates in the Great Lakes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pangle, Kevin L.; Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Peacor, Scott D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Pangle, KL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.
EM pangle.3@osu.edu
FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration; Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station; NSF
   [DEB-0089809]
FX We thank C. Bergeon and K. Krieger for their assistance with setting up
   and performing the experiments, and W. Burns, D. Donahue, and J. Workman
   for their help on the ship. We thank G. Fahnenstiel and H. Vanderploeg
   for lending their valuable advice and equipment to the study. Comments
   by J. Bence, J. Conroy, A. McAdam, W. Pangle, O. Sarnelle, J.
   Makarewicz, and two anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript.
   Funding for this study was provided by the Fishery Research Program of
   the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission, the National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration, the Michigan Agricultural Experiment
   Station, and the NSF grant DEB-0089809 to E. Werner and S. Peacor. This
   is GLERL contribution 1545.
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 2
BP 345
EP 350
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.01.005
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 605ZR
UT WOS:000278389700016
ER

PT J
AU Borgmeyer, B
   Wilson, C
   Winholtz, RA
   Ma, HB
   Jacobson, D
   Hussey, D
AF Borgmeyer, B.
   Wilson, C.
   Winholtz, R. A.
   Ma, H. B.
   Jacobson, D.
   Hussey, D.
TI Heat Transport Capability and Fluid Flow Neutron Radiography of
   Three-Dimensional Oscillating Heat Pipes
SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
DE flow visualisation; fluid oscillations; heat pipes; heat transfer;
   neutron radiography; pipe flow; thermal resistance
AB An experimental investigation into the parameters affecting heat transport in two three-dimensional oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) was implemented. A three-dimensional OHP is one in which the center axis of the circular channels containing the internal working fluid do not lie in the same plane. This novel design allows for more turns in a more compact size. The OHPs in the current investigation is made of copper tubings (3.175 mm outside diameter, 1.65 mm inside diameter) wrapped in a three-dimensional fashion around two copper spreaders that act as the evaporator and condenser. The two OHPs have 10 and 20 turns in both the evaporator and condenser. The 20-turn OHP was filled to 50% of the total volume with a high performance liquid chromatography grade water. Transient and steady state temperature data were recorded at different locations for various parameters. Parameters such as heat input, operating temperature, and filling ratio were varied to determine its effect on the overall heat transport. Neutron radiography was simultaneously implemented to create images of the internal working fluid flow at a rate of 30 frames per second. Results show the average temperature drop from the evaporator to condenser decreases at higher heat inputs due to an increase in temperature throughout the condenser region due to greater oscillations. These large oscillations were visually observed using neutron radiography. As the operating temperature is increased, the thermal resistance is reduced. A decrease in filling ratio tends to create more steady fluid motion; however, the heat transfer performance is reduced.
C1 [Borgmeyer, B.; Wilson, C.; Winholtz, R. A.; Ma, H. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
   [Jacobson, D.; Hussey, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ma, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM mah@missouri.edu
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-1119]
FX The work presented in this article was funded by the Office of Naval
   Research under Grant No. N00014-06-1-1119, which was directed by Dr.
   Mark Spector. The authors would also like to acknowledge the National
   Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, for
   providing the neutron research facilities used in this work.
NR 7
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PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0022-1481
J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME
JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 6
AR 061502
DI 10.1115/1.4000750
PG 7
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA 578DO
UT WOS:000276273900006
ER

PT J
AU Brown, JD
   Seo, DJ
AF Brown, James D.
   Seo, Dong-Jun
TI A Nonparametric Postprocessor for Bias Correction of Hydrometeorological
   and Hydrologic Ensemble Forecasts
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EVALUATING PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; STREAMFLOW
   PREDICTIONS; VERIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; CALIBRATION; FRAMEWORK;
   RAINFALL; MODELS; ROC
AB This paper describes a technique for quantifying and removing biases from ensemble forecasts of hydro-meteorological and hydrologic variables. The technique makes no a priori assumptions about the distributional form of the variables, which is often unknown or difficult to model parametrically. The aim is to estimate the conditional cumulative distribution function (ccdf) of the observed variable given a (possibly biased) real-time ensemble forecast. This ccdf represents the "true'' probability distribution of the forecast variable, subject to sampling uncertainties. In the absence of a known distributional form, the ccdf should be estimated nonparametrically. It is noted that the probability of exceeding a threshold of the observed variable, such as flood stage, is equivalent to the expectation of an indicator variable defined for that threshold. The ccdf is then modeled through a linear combination of the indicator variables of the forecast ensemble members. The technique is based on Bayesian optimal linear estimation of indicator variables and is analogous to indicator cokriging (ICK) in geostatistics. By developing linear estimators for the conditional expectation of the observed variable at many thresholds, ICK provides a discrete approximation of the full ccdf. Since ICK minimizes the conditional error variance of the indicator variable at each threshold, it effectively minimizes the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) when infinitely many thresholds are employed. The technique is used to bias-correct precipitation ensemble forecasts from the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) and streamflow ensemble forecasts from the National Weather Service (NWS) River Forecast Centers (RFCs). Split-sample validation results are presented for several attributes of ensemble forecast quality, including reliability and discrimination. In general, the forecast biases were substantially reduced following ICK. Overall, the technique shows significant potential for bias-correcting ensemble forecasts whose distributional form is unknown or nonparametric.
C1 [Brown, James D.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, OHD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Brown, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, OHD, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM james.d.brown@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the
   Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS); Climate Prediction
   Program for the Americas (CPPA)
FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service
   (AHPS) and the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA). We
   thank Yuejian Zhu of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction
   (NCEP) for providing the GEFS precipitation forecasts and Dingchen Hou,
   also of NCEP, for providing comments on an earlier draft of this
   manuscript.
NR 68
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 3
BP 642
EP 665
DI 10.1175/2009JHM1188.1
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PI
UT WOS:000279367700005
ER

PT J
AU Nelson, BR
   Seo, DJ
   Kim, D
AF Nelson, Brian R.
   Seo, D. -J.
   Kim, Dongsoo
TI Multisensor Precipitation Reanalysis
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RADAR RAINFALL DATA; MEAN-FIELD BIAS; WSR-88D;
   REFLECTIVITY; SYSTEM
AB Temporally consistent high-quality, high-resolution multisensor precipitation reanalysis (MPR) products are needed for a wide range of quantitative climatological and hydroclimatological applications. Therefore, the authors have reengineered the multisensor precipitation estimator (MPE) algorithms of the NWS into the MPR package. Owing to the retrospective nature of the analysis, MPR allows for the utilization of additional rain gauge data, more rigorous automatic quality control, and post factum correction of radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and optimization of key parameters in multisensor estimation. To evaluate and demonstrate the value of MPR, the authors designed and carried out a set of cross-validation experiments in the pilot domain of North Carolina and South Carolina. The rain gauge data are from the reprocessed Hydrometeorological Automated Data System ( HADS) and the daily Cooperative Observer Program (COOP). The radar QPE data are the operationally produced Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler digital precipitation array (DPA) products. To screen out bad rain gauge data, quality control steps were taken that use rain gauge and radar data. The resulting MPR products are compared with the stage IV product on a daily scale at the withheld COOP gauge locations. This paper describes the data, the MPR procedure, and the validation experiments, and it summarizes the findings.
C1 [Nelson, Brian R.; Kim, Dongsoo] NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
   [Seo, D. -J.] NOAA, NWS, OHD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Seo, D. -J.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Nelson, BR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM brian.nelson@noaa.gov
RI Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014
FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Climate Prediction Program for the
   Americas Core Project
FX The authors thank the NWS/OHD HADS Program for making available the
   historical HADS rain gauge data used in this work, the NWS/SERFC for
   very helpful discussions and clarification throughout the course of this
   work, and the MPR Working Group for critical input at early stages of
   this work. The second author was supported in part by the NOAA Climate
   Program Office's Climate Prediction Program for the Americas Core
   Project. This support is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 35
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PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 3
BP 666
EP 682
DI 10.1175/2010JHM1210.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PI
UT WOS:000279367700006
ER

PT J
AU Livneh, B
   Xia, YL
   Mitchell, KE
   Ek, MB
   Lettenmaier, DP
AF Livneh, Ben
   Xia, Youlong
   Mitchell, Kenneth E.
   Ek, Michael B.
   Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
TI Noah LSM Snow Model Diagnostics and Enhancements
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS;
   NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ANISOTROPIC REFLECTANCE; SOLAR-RADIATION; SPECTRAL
   ALBEDO; ANTARCTIC SNOW; CLIMATE MODELS; UNITED-STATES; ALPINE SNOW
AB A negative snow water equivalent (SWE) bias in the snow model of the Noah land surface scheme used in the NCEP suite of numerical weather and climate prediction models has been noted by several investigators. This bias motivated a series of offline tests of model extensions and improvements intended to reduce or eliminate the bias. These improvements consist of changes to the model's albedo formulation that include a parameterization for snowpack aging, changes to how pack temperature is computed, and inclusion of a provision for refreeze of liquid water in the pack. Less extensive testing was done on the performance of model extensions with alternate areal depletion parameterizations. Model improvements were evaluated through comparisons of point simulations with National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) SWE data for deep-mountain snowpacks at selected stations in the western United States, as well as simulations of snow areal extent over the conterminous United States (CONUS) domain, compared with observational data from the NOAA Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS). The combination of snow-albedo decay and liquid-water refreeze results in substantial improvements in the magnitude and timing of peak SWE, as well as increased snow-covered extent at large scales. Modifications to areal snow depletion thresholds yielded more realistic snow-covered albedos at large scales.
C1 [Livneh, Ben] Univ Washington, Wilson Ceram Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Xia, Youlong; Mitchell, Kenneth E.; Ek, Michael B.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Livneh, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Wilson Ceram Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM blivneh@hydro.washington.edu
RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Livneh, Ben/I-2939-2015; 
OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473
NR 65
TC 74
Z9 75
U1 2
U2 23
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 3
BP 721
EP 738
DI 10.1175/2009JHM1174.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PI
UT WOS:000279367700009
ER

PT J
AU White, AB
   Gottas, DJ
   Henkel, AF
   Neiman, PJ
   Ralph, FM
   Gutman, SI
AF White, Allen B.
   Gottas, Daniel J.
   Henkel, Arthur F.
   Neiman, Paul J.
   Ralph, F. Martin
   Gutman, Seth I.
TI Developing a Performance Measure for Snow-Level Forecasts
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; MELTING LAYER; SIERRA-NEVADA; PRECIPITATION; RADAR;
   CALIFORNIA; CALJET; WINTER; RAIN
AB The snow level, or altitude in the atmosphere where snow melts to rain, is an important variable for hydrometeorological prediction in mountainous watersheds; yet, there is no operational performance measure associated with snow-level forecasts in the United States. To establish a performance measure, it is first necessary to establish the baseline performance associated with snow-level forecasts. Using data collected by vertically pointing Doppler radars, an automated algorithm has been developed to detect the altitude of maximum radar reflectivity in the radar bright band that results from the precipitation melting process. This altitude can be used as a proxy for the snow level, partly because it always exists below the freezing level, which is defined as the altitude of the 0 degrees C isotherm. The skill of freezing-level forecasts produced by the California-Nevada River Forecast Center (CNRFC) is evaluated by comparing spatially interpolated and forecaster-adjusted numerical model freezing-level forecasts with observed freezing levels estimated by radars operating at 2875 MHz (S band). The freezing level was chosen instead of the snow level as the comparison parameter because the radar algorithm and the CNRFC have different interpretations of the snow level. The evaluation occurred at two sites: one in the coastal mountains north of San Francisco and the other in the Sierra Nevada. The evaluation was conducted for forecasts made during the winter wet season of 2005/06. Although the overall mean freezing-level forecast bias is small enough not to be hydrologically significant, about 15% of the forecasts had biases greater than 300 m (forecast too low). The largest forecast biases were associated with freezing levels above 2.3 km that were underforecasted by as much as 900 m. These high freezing-level events were accompanied by the heaviest precipitation intensities, exacerbating the flood threat and making the forecast even more challenging.
C1 [White, Allen B.; Gottas, Daniel J.; Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin; Gutman, Seth I.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Henkel, Arthur F.] NOAA, NWS, Calif Nevada River Forecast Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA.
RP White, AB (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM allen.b.white@noaa.gov
FU NOAA
FX This study would not have been possible without the dedicated support of
   the talented engineering and technical team located in the Physical
   Sciences Division of NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, which
   built, deployed, and maintained the radars used in this study. In
   particular, we acknowledge Mr. James R. Jordan and Dr. Clark W. King for
   managing the staff and field deployments. We thank Mr. Robert Mann for
   his ongoing generosity in providing a site for the S-PROF radar near
   Cazadero, California, and the California Department of Forestry and Fire
   Protection for their cooperation in providing a site for the S-PROF at
   Alta, California. This research was supported by NOAA's
   Hydrometeorological Testbed program and NOAA's Weather-Climate
   Connection project.
NR 20
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
EI 1525-7541
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 3
BP 739
EP 753
DI 10.1175/2009JHM1181.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PI
UT WOS:000279367700010
ER

PT J
AU Gourley, JJ
   Giangrande, SE
   Hong, Y
   Flamig, ZL
   Schuur, T
   Vrugt, JA
AF Gourley, Jonathan J.
   Giangrande, Scott E.
   Hong, Yang
   Flamig, Zachary L.
   Schuur, Terry
   Vrugt, Jasper A.
TI Impacts of Polarimetric Radar Observations on Hydrologic Simulation
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; FLASH-FLOOD; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION;
   RAINFALL ESTIMATION; UNITED-STATES; FORT-COLLINS; CALIBRATION;
   PRECIPITATION; WSR-88D; PREDICTION
AB Rainfall estimated from the polarimetric prototype of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler [WSR-88D (KOUN)] was evaluated using a dense Micronet rain gauge network for nine events on the Ft. Cobb research watershed in Oklahoma. The operation of KOUN and its upgrade to dual polarization was completed by the National Severe Storms Laboratory. Storm events included an extreme rainfall case from Tropical Storm Erin that had a 100-yr return interval. Comparisons with collocated Micronet rain gauge measurements indicated all six rainfall algorithms that used polarimetric observations had lower root-mean-squared errors and higher Pearson correlation coefficients than the conventional algorithm that used reflectivity factor alone when considering all events combined. The reflectivity based relation R(Z) was the least biased with an event-combined normalized bias of -9%. The bias for R(Z), however, was found to vary significantly from case to case and as a function of rainfall intensity. This variability was attributed to different drop size distributions (DSDs) and the presence of hail. The synthetic polarimetric algorithm R(syn) had a large normalized bias of -31%, but this bias was found to be stationary.
   To evaluate whether polarimetric radar observations improve discharge simulation, recent advances in Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation using the Hydrology Laboratory Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) were used. This Bayesian approach infers the posterior probability density function of model parameters and output predictions, which allows us to quantify HL-RDHM uncertainty. Hydrologic simulations were compared to observed streamflow and also to simulations forced by rain gauge inputs. The hydrologic evaluation indicated that all polarimetric rainfall estimators outperformed the conventional R(Z) algorithm, but only after their long-term biases were identified and corrected.
C1 [Giangrande, Scott E.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Schuur, Terry] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   [Flamig, Zachary L.; Schuur, Terry] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008; Gourley,
   Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755;
   Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
   Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NSSL; University of
   Oklahoma; McGill University; Los Alamos National Laboratory postdoctoral
   program
FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
   under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S.
   Department of Commerce. Support from NSSL and University of Oklahoma
   Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies personnel who
   maintain and operate the KOUN WSR-88D polarimetric radar is gratefully
   acknowledged. The second author would like to acknowledge the support of
   Isztar Zawadzki and Pavlos Kollias at McGill University. The last author
   is supported by a J. Robert Oppenheimer Fellowship from the Los Alamos
   National Laboratory postdoctoral program. Computer resources for the
   calibration of the model were made available from the University of
   Oklahoma's Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER).
NR 48
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 3
BP 781
EP 796
DI 10.1175/2010JHM1218.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PI
UT WOS:000279367700013
ER

PT J
AU Fox, GR
   Han, X
   Maitland, TM
   Vaudin, MD
AF Fox, G. R.
   Han, X.
   Maitland, T. M.
   Vaudin, M. D.
TI Nanometer scale crystallographic texture mapping of platinum and lead
   zirconate titanate thin films by electron backscatter diffraction
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HILLOCK FORMATION; ORIENTATION; MICROSCOPY; CERAMICS
AB Automated high resolution electron backscatter diffraction was used to map the local crystallographic texture of Pt and PbZr(1-x) Ti (x) O(3) (PZT) thin films with a resolution as high as 5 nm. The Pt and PZT films consisted of 99.9% and 94.3% {111} textured grains (i.e., with (111) planes parallel to the substrate surface), respectively. The average Pt and PZT grain sizes were 46 +/- A 30 nm and 65 +/- A 30 nm, respectively. Quantification of misorientation distributions and the fraction of non-{111}-textured grains demonstrates the potential of this local texture measurement method for quantifying the ferroelectric variability limits of PZT-based capacitors.
C1 [Fox, G. R.] Fox Mat Consulting LLC, Colorado Springs, CO 80908 USA.
   [Han, X.; Maitland, T. M.] HKL Technol Inc, Danbury, CT 06810 USA.
   [Vaudin, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Maitland, T. M.] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA.
RP Fox, GR (reprint author), Fox Mat Consulting LLC, Colorado Springs, CO 80908 USA.
EM glen_fox_pa@msn.com; xdhan@bjut.edu.cn; tim.maitland@fei.com
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2461
J9 J MATER SCI
JI J. Mater. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 11
BP 2991
EP 2994
DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4299-5
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 576GE
UT WOS:000276131600022
ER

PT J
AU Mizobata, K
   Shimada, K
   Woodgate, R
   Saitoh, SI
   Wang, J
AF Mizobata, Kohei
   Shimada, Koji
   Woodgate, Rebecca
   Saitoh, Sci-Ichi
   Wang, Jia
TI Estimation of Heat Flux through the Eastern Bering Strait
SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Heat flux; Bering Strait; Arctic Ocean; satellite remote sensing
ID SEA-ICE; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORTS; OCEAN; FLOW
AB We estimated the northward heat flux through the eastern channel of the Bering Strait during the ice-free seasons between 1999 and 2008. This is likely about half of the total heat flux through the strait. The net volume transport and heat flux through the eastern channel of the strait were estimated from multiple linear regression models with in-situ/satellite remotely sensed datasets and NCEP reanalysis 10 m wind. The net volume transport was well explained by the west-east slope of sea level anomaly and NNW wind component at the strait. On the heat flux, the contributions of both barotropic and baroclinic components were taken into account. Estimated volume transport and vertical profile of temperature were used to calculate northward heat flux through the eastern channel of the strait. The magnitude of the estimated heat flux is comparable to estimates from in-situ measurements. Averaged heat flux in the eastern Bering Strait between 2004 and 2007 was about 1.9 times larger than that between 2000 and 2003. Maximum heat flux occurred in 2004, and same magnitude of heat flux was estimated from 2005 to 2007. This resulted not only from the increase in northward volume transport but also anomalous warm water intrusion from the Bering Sea. Our results suggest a candidate among the important parameters controlling heat budget, which contributes to the Arctic sea ice reduction, whereas more studies are required to confirm that this mechanism is actually responsible for the interannual and longer timescale variability.
C1 [Mizobata, Kohei; Shimada, Koji] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan.
   [Woodgate, Rebecca] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   [Saitoh, Sci-Ichi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan.
   [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP Mizobata, K (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan.
EM mizobata@kaiyodai.ac.jp
RI Mizobata, Kohei/D-6369-2012; SHIMADA, Koji/O-1913-2014
OI Mizobata, Kohei/0000-0001-7531-2349; 
FU Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); Ministry of Education,
   Science, Sports and Culture; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science;
   International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks;
   NSF [ARC-0528632, ARC-0632154]; NOAA Office of Arctic Research
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of two anonymous
   reviewers, whose insight and suggestions have greatly improved this
   work. Part of this study was supported by the Japan Aerospace
   Exploration Agency (JAXA) through the program of Arctic Research
   projects using the IARC (International Arctic Research Center)-JAXA
   Information System (MS). This research was also partially supported by
   the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for
   Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
   We appreciate all the help and support of the research institutes
   concerned, including the International Arctic Research Center,
   University of Alaska Fairbanks. Bering Strait mooring observations are
   supported by NSF grants ARC-0528632, and ARC-0632154. Wang and Mizobata
   also acknowledge support from the RUSALCA Modeling Project of the NOAA
   Office of Arctic Research. This is NOAA GLERL contribution 1558.
NR 25
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0916-8370
J9 J OCEANOGR
JI J. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 66
IS 3
BP 405
EP 424
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 587WH
UT WOS:000277025300009
ER

PT J
AU McDermott, MK
   Saylor, DM
   Casas, R
   Dair, BJ
   Guo, J
   Kim, CS
   Mahoney, CM
   Ng, K
   Pollack, SK
   Patwardhan, DV
   Sweigart, DA
   Thomas, T
   Toy, J
   Williams, CM
   Witkowski, CN
AF McDermott, Martin K.
   Saylor, David M.
   Casas, Rachel
   Dair, Benita J.
   Guo, Ji
   Kim, Chang-Soo
   Mahoney, Christine M.
   Ng, Kokyee
   Pollack, Steven K.
   Patwardhan, Dinesh V.
   Sweigart, David A.
   Thomas, Tina
   Toy, Jeffrey
   Williams, Christina M.
   Witkowski, Carolyn N.
TI Microstructure and Elution of Tetracycline from Block Copolymer Coatings
SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE polymer processing; polymeric structure; tetracycline; drug release;
   surface analysis
ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE; DRUG-RELEASE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CORONARY STENTS;
   EVA COPOLYMER; DELIVERY; FILMS; MATRIX; AGENTS
AB A critical metrology issue for pharmaceutical industries is the application of analytical techniques for the characterization of drug delivery systems to address interrelationships between processing, structure, and drug release. In this study, cast coatings were formed from solutions of poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) (SIBS) and tetracycline in tetrahydrofuran (THF). These coatings were characterized by several imaging modalities, including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) for chemical imaging and analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) for determination of surface structure and morphology, and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), which was used to characterize the three-dimensional structure beneath the surface. The results showed phase separation between the drug and copolymer regions. The size of the tetracycline phase in the polymer matrix ranged from hundreds of nanometers to tens of microns, depending on coating composition. The mass of drug released was not found to be proportional to drug loading, because the size and spatial distribution of the drug phase varied with drug loading and solvent evaporation rate, which in turn affected the amount of drug released. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:2777-2785,2010
C1 [McDermott, Martin K.; Saylor, David M.; Casas, Rachel; Dair, Benita J.; Guo, Ji; Kim, Chang-Soo; Ng, Kokyee; Pollack, Steven K.; Patwardhan, Dinesh V.; Sweigart, David A.; Thomas, Tina; Toy, Jeffrey; Williams, Christina M.; Witkowski, Carolyn N.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
   [Mahoney, Christine M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Analyt Microscopy Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McDermott, MK (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Div Chem & Mat Sci, 10903 New Hampshire Ave,Bldg 64, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
EM martin.mcdermott@fda.hhs.gov
OI Casas, Rachel/0000-0003-2848-3107
FU Division of Chemistry and Materials Sciences
FX We wish to thank our coworkers in the Division of Chemistry and
   Materials Sciences for their help and support, the machine shop for
   manufacturing fixtures and the library staff for their assistance.
NR 28
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3549
J9 J PHARM SCI-US
JI J. Pharm. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 99
IS 6
BP 2777
EP 2785
DI 10.1002/jps.22050
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology &
   Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry
GA 603XQ
UT WOS:000278241800025
PM 20091828
ER

PT J
AU Monroe, EA
   Johnson, JG
   Wang, ZH
   Pierce, RK
   Van Dolah, FM
AF Monroe, Emily A.
   Johnson, Jillian G.
   Wang, Zhihong
   Pierce, Richard K.
   Van Dolah, Frances M.
TI CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF NUCLEAR-ENCODED POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES
   IN THE BREVETOXIN-PRODUCING DINOFLAGELLATE KARENIA BREVIS
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE brevetoxin; harmful algal bloom; polyketide synthase
ID FLORIDA RED-TIDE; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM;
   PROROCENTRUM-LIMA; OKADAIC ACID; LOCALIZATION; GENES; BIOSYNTHESIS;
   DINOPHYCEAE; EVOLUTION
AB The dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) Gert Hansen et Moestrup produces a suite of brevetoxins, potent neurotoxins that have adverse effects on marine animal and human health. Brevetoxins are polyketides proposed to be synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKSs), and genes for type I PKSs have been predicted by PCR and transcript analysis. However, the full-length transcripts in K. brevis predict an unusual protein structure for type I PKS in that individual transcripts encode for single catalytic domains. In this study, we developed peptide antibodies to in silico translated transcripts for two PKS proteins to characterize their expression and localization. Immunoreactive proteins identified by Western blotting at 40 kDa (KR domain) and 100 kDa (KS domain) are consistent with the sizes predicted by the full-length transcripts. Immunolocalization and Western blot analysis indicate that these PKSs are associated with the chloroplasts. In order to establish evidence for a role in brevetoxin biosynthesis, PKS transcript and protein levels were examined in a "nontoxic'' K. brevis substrain and its parental toxic isolate, K. brevis Wilson. DNA micro-array analysis of the global transcript profiles in the "nontoxic'' isolate showed that similar to 7% of transcripts were differentially expressed, including photosystem genes; however, no difference was observed in PKS transcript abundance. By contrast, KS domain proteins were 55%-70% less abundant in "nontoxic'' K. brevis cultures compared to toxic cultures. This finding suggests that K. brevis PKS expression is regulated posttranscriptionally, like many other processes in dinoflagellates. Further, the decrease in PKS protein abundance in the "nontoxic'' cultures provides correlative evidence for their involvement in brevetoxin biosynthesis.
C1 [Monroe, Emily A.; Johnson, Jillian G.; Wang, Zhihong; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA Ctr Coastal & Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Monroe, Emily A.; Johnson, Jillian G.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Pierce, Richard K.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA Ctr Coastal & Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov
NR 42
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 3
BP 541
EP 552
DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00837.x
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 611MR
UT WOS:000278820000014
ER

PT J
AU Harvey, AH
   Salomon, M
AF Harvey, Allan H.
   Salomon, Mark
TI IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Harvey, Allan H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Salomon, Mark] IUPAC NIST Solubil Data Series, Little Silver, NJ 07739 USA.
RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM aharvey@boulder.nist.gov; marksalomon@comcast.net
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 2
AR 020401
DI 10.1063/1.3442667
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 676UE
UT WOS:000283943300001
ER

PT J
AU Melet, A
   Gourdeau, L
   Kessler, WS
   Verron, J
   Molines, JM
AF Melet, Angelique
   Gourdeau, Lionel
   Kessler, William S.
   Verron, Jacques
   Molines, Jean-Marc
TI Thermocline Circulation in the Solomon Sea: A Modeling Study
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SOUTH-PACIFIC; TROPICAL
   PACIFIC; ZONAL JETS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN CIRCULATION; CORAL SEA;
   WATER; ORIGIN
AB In the southwest Pacific, thermocline waters connecting the tropics to the equator via western boundary currents (WBCs) transit through the Solomon Sea. Despite its importance in feeding the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and its related potential influence on the low-frequency modulation of ENSO, the circulation inside the Solomon Sea is poorly documented. A 1/12 degrees model has been implemented to analyze the mean and the seasonal variability of the Solomon Sea thermocline circulation. The circulation involves an inflow from the open southern Solomon Sea, which is distributed via WBCs between the three north exiting straits of the semiclosed Solomon Sea. The system of WBCs is found to be complex. Its main feature, the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent, splits in two branches: one flowing through Vitiaz Strait and the other one, the New Britain Coastal Undercurrent (NBCU), exiting at Solomon Strait. East of the Solomon Sea, the encounter of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) with the Solomon Islands forms a previously unknown current, which the authors call the Solomon Islands Coastal Undercurrent (SICU). The NBCU, SEC, and SICU participate in the feeding of the New Ireland Coastal Undercurrent (NICU), which retroflects to the Equatorial Undercurrent, providing the most direct western boundary EUC connection, which is particularly active in June August. The Solomon Sea WBC seasonal variability results from the combination of equatorial dynamics, remotely forced Rossby waves north of 10 degrees S, and the spinup and spindown of the subtropical gyre as a response of Rossby waves forced south of 10 degrees S.
C1 [Melet, Angelique] Univ Grenoble, Lab Ecoulements Geophys & Ind, UMR5519, CNRS,MEOM, Grenoble, France.
   [Gourdeau, Lionel] CNRS, LEGOS, UMR5566, IRD,UPS, Toulouse, France.
   [Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Melet, A (reprint author), Univ Grenoble, Lab Ecoulements Geophys & Ind, UMR5519, CNRS,MEOM, BP 53 10, Grenoble, France.
EM melet@hmg.inpg.fr
RI Melet, Angelique/H-2197-2011
FU Centre National d'Etude Spatiales (CNES); Centre National de Recherche
   Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD);
   GENCI-IDRIS [2009-011279]
FX This work was supported by the Centre National d'Etude Spatiales (CNES),
   the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and the Institut
   de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). Calculations were performed
   using HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (Grant 2009-011279). The authors
   are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on
   this manuscript. We also thank the NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental
   Laboratory for hosting an extended visit by A. Me let and for their work
   on TAO data (available online at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov). XBT data
   used in this study were collected and made freely available by the
   Coriolis project and programs that contribute to it (available online at
   http://www.coriolis.eu.org).
NR 51
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U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 40
IS 6
BP 1302
EP 1319
DI 10.1175/2009JPO4264.1
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 611BD
UT WOS:000278784600009
ER

PT J
AU Chang, YL
   Oey, LY
   Wu, CR
   Lu, HF
AF Chang, Yu-Lin
   Oey, Lie-Yauw
   Wu, Chau-Ron
   Lu, Hung-Fu
TI Why Are There Upwellings on the Northern Shelf of Taiwan under
   Northeasterly Winds?
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST CHINA SEA; KUROSHIO; STRAIT; FRONT; WATER
AB Upwellings are observed on the northern shelf of Taiwan during northeasterly winds. Analytical and realistic numerical models are used to explain how vertical motions are created by divergence and convergence produced by wind acting on the vorticity field of two strong jets: the Kuroshio and the Taiwan Warm Current. The seaward increase in cyclonic vorticity near the Kuroshio's western edge favors a stronger Ekman transport away from the jet, producing upwelling at the shelfbreak under a northeasterly wind. A similar mechanism for generating vertical motions is found across the Taiwan Warm Current. The numerical model results indicate that the vorticity effects can account for up to 30%-50% of the total variation in the surface Ekman transport. Except during summer's weak southwesterlies, northeasterly wind is dominant over the East China Sea, suggesting that the vorticity effects may be prominent in the observed shelfbreak upwelling in nonsummer months.
C1 [Chang, Yu-Lin; Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Chang, Yu-Lin; Wu, Chau-Ron; Lu, Hung-Fu] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan.
RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM lyo@princeton.edu
FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC97-2917-I-003-103]; National
   Science Council, Taiwan, ROC [NSC 98-2111-M-003-002-MY2]
FX We benefitted from comments from the two anonymous reviewers and the
   editor, Dr. Barth. YLC received a fellowship from the Graduate Student
   Study Abroad Program (NSC97-2917-I-003-103) of the National Science
   Council of Taiwan. CRW was supported by the National Science Council,
   Taiwan, ROC, under Grant NSC 98-2111-M-003-002-MY2.
NR 20
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 40
IS 6
BP 1405
EP 1417
DI 10.1175/2010JPO4348.1
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 611BD
UT WOS:000278784600015
ER

PT J
AU Gomez-Gutierrez, J
   Peterson, WT
   Miller, CB
AF Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime
   Peterson, William T.
   Miller, Charles B.
TI Embryo biometry of three broadcast spawning euphausiid species applied
   to identify cross-shelf and seasonal spawning patterns along the Oregon
   coast
SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE euphausiid; eggs; biometry; krill; embryos; chorion; perivitelline space
ID WARM OCEAN YEARS; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; ANTARCTIC KRILL; HATCHING
   MECHANISM; POPULATION BIOLOGY; SUPERBA DANA; BROOD SIZE;
   NEMATOSCELIS-DIFFICILIS; LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS
AB Morphology and biometry of eggs spawned by females of Euphausia pacifica, Thysanoessa spinifera and Thysanoessa inspinata were compared with eggs collected along the Oregon coast to identify the eggs in preserved samples to species level and to infer species spawning areas and intensity of spawning events in the field. The average chorion diameter (CD) and embryo diameter (ED) were significantly larger for E. pacifica than for T. spinifera. Euphausia pacifica eggs usually have a significantly greater perivitelline space, and the chorion is firm, transparent, smooth, elastic and completely spherical, while T. spinifera embryos are not completely spherical and typically are soft and sticky with particles attached. Eggs of the twitching stage embryo of T. spinifera have an elliptical shape, while those of E. pacifica are spherical to very slightly elliptical even after hatching as nauplii. The CD and ED of T. inspinata eggs were smaller than those of the other two species and they were transparent and spherical with a non-sticky chorion. Biweekly time series of eggs (identified to species), of nauplii + metanauplii and of ripe females collected along the Newport hydrographic line (44 degrees 40'N) during 1970-1972 show that E. pacifica and T. spinifera spawn mainly < 40 km from the coast from March to October, but E. pacifica also spawns regularly at oceanic locations. A meta-analysis of the egg CD and ED values of 38 euphausiid species around the world indicates that these variables alone cannot be used to identify eggs to species, excepting specific regions where one or two broadcast spawners dominate the euphausiid assemblage.
C1 [Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime; Miller, Charles B.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, NMFS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Gomez-Gutierrez, J (reprint author), Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina, Ave Inst Politecn Nacl,Ap 592, La Paz 23096, Baja California, Mexico.
EM jagomezg@ipn.mx
FU Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center (HMSC); National
   Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
   EDI; COFAA-IPN; CONACyT [122676, 2004-01-144, S007-2005-1-11717, 79528];
   Instituto Politecnico Nacional
FX This research was supported by funds provided by a Mamie Markham
   Research Award from Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science
   Center (HMSC) during 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. Samples from 1970-1972
   were collected with Sea Grant support. The Office of Naval Research
   (National Ocean Partnership Program) in 1999-2000 and U.S. GLOBEC
   program in 2001-2002 (jointly funded by the National Science Foundation
   and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) provided ship time
   and staff assistance. J.G.-G. was supported by an SNI II fellowship from
   EDI, COFAA-IPN and a CONACyT PhD grant (122676) to study at Oregon State
   University. Part of the data published here was supported by two CONACyT
   research grants 2004-01-144 and S007-2005-1-11717. This is publication
   657 of the NEP GLOBEC Program. The manuscript was partially written
   during a sabbatical stay at the Australian Antarctic Division at
   Kingston, Tasmania co-funded by Instituto Politecnico Nacional and
   CONACyT (79528).
NR 99
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Z9 6
U1 1
U2 4
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0142-7873
J9 J PLANKTON RES
JI J. Plankton Res.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 32
IS 6
BP 739
EP 760
DI 10.1093/plankt/fbq028
PG 22
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 593JA
UT WOS:000277448800001
ER

PT J
AU Tchana, FK
   Flaud, JM
   Lafferty, WJ
   Manceron, L
   Roy, P
AF Tchana, F. Kwabia
   Flaud, J. -M.
   Lafferty, W. J.
   Manceron, L.
   Roy, P.
TI The first high-resolution analysis of the low-lying nu(9) band of
   propane
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
DE Propane; Nu9 band; Synchrotron source; Ro-vibrational analysis
ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; ACROLEIN; CH2CHCHO; REGION; CM(-1)
AB The nu 9 fundamental band (C-C-C deformation) of propane (C3H8) at 369 cm(-1) has been studied at high-resolution (0.0011 cm(-1)) with spectra recorded using the synchrotron radiation from the French light source facility at SOLEIL coupled to a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer. A 2.526 m base multipass cell with optical paths from 10.296 to 151.78m was used. In addition, a spectrum was also recorded using a conventional globar source. Comparison of these experimental spectra shows clearly the gain obtained on the signal-to-noise ratios with the synchrotron radiation. The spectra have been thoroughly analyzed and transitions up to J=65 and K-a= 33 have been assigned. The upper-state rotational levels were fitted using an A-type Watson Hamiltonian written in the I-r representation. An accurate band center v0 (nu(9))=369.228080(25)cm(-1) as well as accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been obtained and used to simulate a synthetic spectrum. These parameters should be useful to simulate hot bands of propane involving the 91 vibrational level as their lower state. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France.
   [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, F-94010 Creteil, France.
   [Manceron, L.; Roy, P.] Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
   [Manceron, L.] UPMC, CNRS, Case 49, Lab Dynam Interact & React,UMR 7075, F-75252 Paris, France.
RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Walter.Lafferty@NIST.gov
FU NASA; Optical Technology Division
FX The authors wish to thank O. Pirali and J.-B. Brubach for technical
   support and helpful discussions. The part of this study carried out at
   NIST was supported by the Upper Atmospheric Program of NASA. JMF thanks
   the Optical Technology Division for support during his stay at NIST.
NR 14
TC 13
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U1 2
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 111
IS 9
SI SI
BP 1277
EP 1281
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.12.009
PG 5
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 593OY
UT WOS:000277469800020
ER

PT J
AU Fahey, AJ
   Ritchie, NWM
   Newbury, DE
   Small, JA
AF Fahey, A. J.
   Ritchie, N. W. M.
   Newbury, D. E.
   Small, J. A.
TI The use of lead isotopic abundances in trace uranium samples for nuclear
   forensics analysis
SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Uranium; Nuclear forensics; Uranium isotopes
ID ELEMENTS
AB Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), secondary electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray analysis have been applied to the measurement of U-bearing particles with the intent of gleaning information concerning their history and/or origin. The lead isotopic abundances are definitive indicators that U-bearing particles have come from an ore-body, even if they have undergone chemical processing. SEM images and X-ray analysis can add further information to the study that may allude to the extent of chemical processing. The presence of "common" lead that does not exhibit a radiogenic signature is clear evidence of anthropogenic origin.
C1 [Fahey, A. J.; Ritchie, N. W. M.; Newbury, D. E.; Small, J. A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20871 USA.
RP Fahey, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20871 USA.
EM albert.fahey@nist.gov
RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015
NR 9
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 26
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0236-5731
J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH
JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 284
IS 3
BP 575
EP 581
DI 10.1007/s10967-010-0509-5
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science &
   Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 586LK
UT WOS:000276910200014
ER

PT J
AU Young, CD
   Heh, DW
   Choi, R
   Lee, BH
   Bersuker, G
AF Young, Chadwin D.
   Heh, Dawei
   Choi, Rino
   Lee, Byoung Hun
   Bersuker, Gennadi
TI The Pulsed I-d-V-g methodology and Its Application to the Electron
   Trapping Characterization of High-kappa gate Dielectrics
SO JOURNAL OF SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE High-kappa; pulse I-V; threshold voltage instability; fast transient
   charge trapping; mobility; bias temperature instability; hafnium; MOSFET
ID HIGH-K DIELECTRICS; THRESHOLD-VOLTAGE INSTABILITY; BIAS TEMPERATURE
   INSTABILITY; OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ULTRA-SHORT PULSE; MOBILITY
   EVALUATION; DETRAPPING CHARACTERISTICS; RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT; HAFNIUM
   OXIDE; CHARGE
AB Pulsed current-voltage (I-V) methods are introduced to evaluate the impact of fast transient charge trapping on the performance of high-kappa dielectric transistors. Several pulsed I-V measurement configurations and measurement requirements are critically reviewed. Properly configured pulsed I-V measurements are shown to be capable of extracting such device characteristics as trap-free mobility, trap-induced threshold voltage shift (Delta V-t), as well as effective fast transient trap density. The results demonstrate that the pulsed I-V measurements are an essential technique for evaluating high-kappa gate dielectric devices.
C1 [Young, Chadwin D.; Heh, Dawei] SEMATECH, Elect Characterizat & Reliabil Grp, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
   [Heh, Dawei] NIST, CMOS, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
   [Heh, Dawei] NIST, Novel Devices Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
   [Choi, Rino] Daewoo Motors Co, Inchon, South Korea.
   [Choi, Rino] Inha Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Inchon, South Korea.
   [Lee, Byoung Hun] Samsung Semicond, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
   [Lee, Byoung Hun] IBM Corp, Markham, ON, Canada.
   Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nanobio Mat & Elect, Kwangju, South Korea.
RP Young, CD (reprint author), SEMATECH, Elect Characterizat & Reliabil Grp, 257 Fuller Rd,Suite 2200, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
EM chadwin.young@sematech.org
RI Young, Chadwin/K-7326-2012
OI Young, Chadwin/0000-0003-0690-7423
NR 104
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 8
PU IEEK PUBLICATION CENTER
PI SEOUL
PA RM #907 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY NEW BLDG, 635-4 YUCKSAM-DONG, SEOUL,
   KANGNAM-KU 135-703, SOUTH KOREA
SN 1598-1657
EI 2233-4866
J9 J SEMICOND TECH SCI
JI J. Semicond. Technol. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 2
BP 79
EP 99
PG 21
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 749EE
UT WOS:000289445200001
ER

PT J
AU Beekman, M
   Stefanoski, S
   Wong-Ng, W
   Kaduk, JA
   Huang, Q
   Reeg, C
   Bowers, CR
   Nolas, GS
AF Beekman, M.
   Stefanoski, S.
   Wong-Ng, W.
   Kaduk, J. A.
   Huang, Q.
   Reeg, C.
   Bowers, C. R.
   Nolas, G. S.
TI Structure and thermal conductivity of Na1-xGe3+z
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Crystal structure; Intermetallic compounds; Thermoelectrics; Thermal
   conductivity
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ZINTL ANIONS; CLATHRATE; GE; ZEOLITES; SYSTEM; PHASE
AB Structural analyses as well as low temperature thermal conductivity is reported for the binary phase Na1-xGe3+z. Specimens were characterized by thermal analysis, conventional and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, Na-23 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrical and thermal transport measurements With structural characteristics qualitatively analogous to some aluminum-silicate zeolites. the crystal structure of this phase exhibits an unconventional covalently bonded tunnel-like Ge framework, accommodating Na in channels of two different sizes Observed to be non-stochiometric, Na1-xGe3+z concurrently exhibits substantial structural disorder in the large channels and a low lattice thermal conductivity, of interest in the context of identifying novel low thermal conductivity intermetallics for thermoelectric applications (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved
C1 [Beekman, M.; Stefanoski, S.; Nolas, G. S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
   [Wong-Ng, W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Kaduk, J. A.] Poly Crystallog Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA.
   [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Reeg, C.; Bowers, C. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
RI Beekman, Matt/I-4470-2014
OI Beekman, Matt/0000-0001-9694-2286
FU US DOE [DE-FG02-04ER46145]; USF
FX M.B., S.S. and G.S.N acknowledge support from US DOE Grant no
   DE-FG02-04ER46145. M.B. acknowledges support from the USF Presidential
   Doctoral Fellowship. Figs. 2 and 3 were created with the aid of the
   software PowderCell [32] and Balls & Sticks [33], respectively. GSAS
   [34] and EXPGUI [35] software were used for Rietveld structure
   refinements.
NR 35
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 19
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 183
IS 6
BP 1272
EP 1277
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.03.035
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 610QU
UT WOS:000278750100011
ER

PT J
AU Coffman, BF
   Main, JA
   Duthinh, D
   Simiu, E
AF Coffman, Bradley F.
   Main, Joseph A.
   Duthinh, Dat
   Simiu, Emil
TI Wind Effects on Low-Rise Metal Buildings: Database-Assisted Design
   versus ASCE 7-05 Standard Estimates
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerodynamics; Buildings, low-rise; Databases; Structural design; Wind
   forces; Wind tunnel tests
ID NIST AERODYNAMIC DATABASE; UWO CONTRIBUTION; LOADS
AB Peak bending moments are compared for a set of steel portal frames of industrial buildings in an open terrain calculated using database-assisted design (DAD) techniques and ASCE 7-05 Standard plots. The comparisons indicate that, depending on the building dimensions, the peak bending moments at the knee based on DAD techniques are generally larger by 10-30% than their counterparts based on the ASCE 7-05 plots. (In one case with a relatively steep roof slope of 26.6 degrees the discrepancies exceed 70%.) For the buildings considered, the discrepancies increase with increasing roof slope and with increasing eave height.
C1 [Main, Joseph A.; Duthinh, Dat; Simiu, Emil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Coffman, Bradley F.] Struct Consultants & Associates, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA.
RP Main, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM coffmanb@scahouston.com; joseph.main@nist.gov; dat.duthinh@nist.gov;
   emil.simiu@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE
JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 6
BP 744
EP 748
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000140
PG 5
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 597FV
UT WOS:000277742800013
ER

PT J
AU Tassey, G
AF Tassey, Gregory
TI Rationales and mechanisms for revitalizing US manufacturing R&D
   strategies
SO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
DE Innovation economics; Economic growth policy; Manufacturing; Innovation
   policy models; Policy mechanisms
ID GLOBALIZATION; INNOVATION; GROWTH
AB The race to economic superiority is increasingly occurring on a global scale. Competitors from different countries are employing new types of growth strategies in attempts to win that race. The United States cannot, therefore, continue to rely on outdated economic growth strategies, which include an inability to understand the complexity of the typical industrial technology and the synergies among tiers in high-tech supply chains. In this context, a detailed rationale is provided for maintaining a viable domestic technology-based manufacturing capability. In the United States, the still dominant neoclassical economic philosophy is at best ambivalent on the issue of whether a technology-based economy should attempt to remain competitive in manufacturing or let this sector continue to offshore in response to trends in comparative advantage, as revealed through shifts in relative prices. The paper argues that the neoclassical view is inaccurate and that a new innovation model is required to guide economic growth policy. Specifically, the paper provides (1) a rationale for why an advanced economy such as the United States needs a manufacturing sector; (2) examples of the process of deterioration of competitive positions for individual industries and, more important, entire high-tech supply chains; (3) an explanation of the inadequacy of current economic models for rationalizing needed new policy strategies; and (4) a new economic framework for determining both policy mechanisms and targets for those mechanisms, with emphasis on the systems nature of modern technologies and the consequent requirement for public-private innovation ecosystems to develop and deliver these technologies. Several targets are suggested for major policy mechanisms.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tassey, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM tassey@nist.gov
RI Gomes, Leonardo/E-9980-2015
NR 50
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 6
U2 39
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0892-9912
J9 J TECHNOL TRANSFER
JI J. Technol. Transf.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 3
BP 283
EP 333
DI 10.1007/s10961-009-9150-2
PG 51
WC Engineering, Industrial; Management
SC Engineering; Business & Economics
GA 604PN
UT WOS:000278291100001
ER

PT J
AU Holzer, L
   Flatt, RJ
   Erdogan, ST
   Bullard, JW
   Garboczi, EJ
AF Holzer, Lorenz
   Flatt, Robert J.
   Erdogan, Sinan T.
   Bullard, Jeffrey W.
   Garboczi, Edward J.
TI Shape Comparison between 0.4-2.0 and 20-60 mu m Cement Particles
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER DIFFRACTION; FIB-NANOTOMOGRAPHY; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; HYDRATION;
   MODEL; SIZE; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERCOLATION; TOMOGRAPHY; ELLIPSOIDS
AB Portland cement powder, ground from much larger clinker particles, has a particle size distribution from about 0.1 to 100 mu m. An important question is then: does particle shape depend on particle size? For the same cement, X-ray computed tomography has been used to examine the 3-D shape of particles in the 20-60 mu m sieve range, and focused ion beam nanotomography has been used to examine the 3-D shape of cement particles found in the 0.4-2.0 mu m sieve range. By comparing various kinds of computed particle shape data for each size class, the conclusion is made that, within experimental uncertainty, both size classes are prolate, but the smaller size class particles, 0.4-2.0 mu m, tend to be somewhat more prolate than the 20-60 mu m size class. The practical effect of this shape difference on the set-point was assessed using the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory to simulate the hydration of five cement powders. Results indicate that nonspherical aspect ratio is more important in determining the set-point than are the actual shape details.
C1 [Bullard, Jeffrey W.; Garboczi, Edward J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inorgan Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Holzer, Lorenz] Empa Mat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
   [Flatt, Robert J.] Sika Technol AG, Corp Res & Analyt, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Erdogan, Sinan T.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey.
RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inorgan Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov
RI Erdogan, Sinan/I-4880-2012; Flatt, Robert/D-3295-2013; 
OI Flatt, Robert/0000-0002-5609-8487; Holzer, Lorenz/0000-0002-3532-5994
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division
   of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX We would like to thank the National Synchrotron Light Source at
   Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of
   Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, for hosting us
   to do the X-ray CT measurements. We would also like to thank Dr. K. A.
   Snyder for useful conversations about the statistical analysis of the
   two sets of particles, and Dr. Stephen Farrington of BASF Construction
   Chemicals, LLC for critically reading the manuscript.
NR 40
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 93
IS 6
BP 1626
EP 1633
DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03654.x
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 604WL
UT WOS:000278309100028
ER

PT J
AU Wang, Z
   Montgomery, MT
   Dunkerton, TJ
AF Wang, Zhuo
   Montgomery, M. T.
   Dunkerton, T. J.
TI Genesis of Pre-Hurricane Felix (2007). Part I: The Role of the Easterly
   Wave Critical Layer
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION; HOT TOWERS; CYCLOGENESIS; MODEL; CONVECTION;
   VORTICITY; ATLANTIC; SYSTEMS; ITCZ
AB The formation of pre-Hurricane Felix (2007) in a tropical easterly wave is examined in a two-part study using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a high-resolution nested grid configuration that permits the representation of cloud system processes. The simulation commences during the wave stage of the precursor African easterly-wave disturbance. Here the simulated and observed developments are compared, while in Part II of the study various large-scale analyses, physical parameterizations, and initialization times are explored to document model sensitivities.
   In this first part the authors focus on the wave/vortex morphology, its interaction with the adjacent intertropical convergence zone complex, and the vorticity balance in the neighborhood of the developing storm. Analysis of the model simulation points to a bottom-up development process within the wave critical layer and supports the three new hypotheses of tropical cyclone formation proposed recently by Dunkerton, Montgomery, and Wang. It is shown also that low-level convergence associated with the ITCZ helps to enhance the wave signal and extend the "wave pouch" from the jet level to the top of the atmospheric boundary layer. The region of a quasi-closed Lagrangian circulation within the wave pouch provides a focal point for diabatic merger of convective vortices and their vortical remnants. The wave pouch serves also to protect the moist air inside from dry air intrusion, providing a favorable environment for sustained deep convection. Consistent with the authors' earlier findings, the tropical storm forms near the center of the wave pouch via system-scale convergence in the lower troposphere and vorticity aggregation. Components of the vorticity balance are shown to be scale dependent, with the immediate effects of cloud processes confined more closely to the storm center than the overturning Eliassen circulation induced by diabatic heating, the influence of which extends to larger radii.
C1 [Wang, Zhuo] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Montgomery, M. T.; Dunkerton, T. J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
   [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA.
   [Dunkerton, T. J.] NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA.
RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM zhuowang@illinois.edu
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0851554];
   Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; National Aeronautics and
   Space Administration [MIPR NNG07HU171, NNH04CC63C]; Naval Postgraduate
   School in Monterey, California
FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants
   ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, and ATM-0851554), the Office of Naval Research
   (Grant N001408WR20129), the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration (MIPR NNG07HU171 and Contract NNH04CC63C) and the Naval
   Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. We thank Dr. Kevin Tory for
   his constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, Dr.
   Michael Riemer for providing a trajectory sketch in Fig. 3, and
   NCAR/CISL for providing computing resources.
NR 40
TC 49
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 6
BP 1711
EP 1729
DI 10.1175/2009JAS3420.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PN
UT WOS:000279368200002
ER

PT J
AU Wang, Z
   Montgomery, MT
   Dunkerton, TJ
AF Wang, Zhuo
   Montgomery, M. T.
   Dunkerton, T. J.
TI Genesis of Pre-Hurricane Felix (2007). Part II: Warm Core Formation,
   Precipitation Evolution, and Predictability
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; CYCLONES; MODEL
AB This is the second of a two-part study examining the simulated formation of Atlantic Hurricane Felix (2007) in a cloud-representing framework. Here several open issues are addressed concerning the formation of the storm's warm core, the evolution and respective contribution of stratiform versus convective precipitation within the parent wave's pouch, and the sensitivity of the development pathway reported in Part I to different model physics options and initial conditions. All but one of the experiments include ice microphysics as represented by one of several parameterizations, and the partition of convective versus stratiform precipitation is accomplished using a standard numerical technique based on the high-resolution control experiment.
   The transition to a warm-core tropical cyclone from an initially cold-core, lower tropospheric wave disturbance is analyzed first. As part of this transformation process, it is shown that deep moist convection is sustained near the pouch center. Both convective and stratiform precipitation rates increase with time. While stratiform precipitation occupies a larger area even at the tropical storm stage, deep moist convection makes a comparable contribution to the total rain rate at the pregenesis stage, and a larger contribution than stratiform processes at the storm stage. The convergence profile averaged near the pouch center is found to become dominantly convective with increasing deep moist convective activity there. Low-level convergence forced by interior diabatic heating plays a key role in forming and intensifying the near-surface closed circulation, while the midlevel convergence associated with stratiform precipitation helps to increase the midlevel circulation and thereby contributes to the formation and upward extension of a tropospheric-deep cyclonic vortex.
   Sensitivity tests with different model physics options and initial conditions demonstrate a similar pregenesis evolution. These tests suggest that the genesis location of a tropical storm is largely controlled by the parent wave's critical layer, whereas the genesis time and intensity of the protovortex depend on the details of the mesoscale organization, which is less predictable. Some implications of the findings are discussed.
C1 [Wang, Zhuo] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Montgomery, M. T.; Dunkerton, T. J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
   [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA.
   [Dunkerton, T. J.] NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA.
RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM zhuowang@illinois.edu
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0851554];
   Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; National Aeronautics and
   Space Administration [MIPR NNG07HU171, NNH04CC63C]; Naval Postgraduate
   School in Monterey, California
FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants
   ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, and ATM-0851554), the Office of Naval Research
   (Grant N001408WR20129), the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration (MIPR NNG07HU171 and Contract NNH04CC63C), and the Naval
   Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. We thank Dr. Kevin Tory for
   his constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and
   NCAR/CISL for computing resources.
NR 21
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 6
BP 1730
EP 1744
DI 10.1175/2010JAS3435.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PN
UT WOS:000279368200003
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JA
AF Zhang, Jun A.
TI Estimation of Dissipative Heating Using Low-Level In Situ Aircraft
   Observations in the Hurricane Boundary Layer
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; PART I; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; WIND
   MEASUREMENTS; KINETIC-ENERGY; DYNAMICS; RAINBANDS; FLUX; TEMPERATURE;
   SPRAY
AB Data collected in the low-level atmospheric boundary layer in five hurricanes by NOAA research aircraft are analyzed to measure turbulence with scales small enough to retrieve the rate of dissipation. A total of 49 flux runs suitable for analysis are identified in the atmospheric boundary layer within 200 m above the sea surface. Momentum fluxes are directly determined using the eddy correlation method, and drag coefficients are also calculated. The dissipative heating is estimated using two different methods: 1) integrating the rate of dissipation in the surface layer and 2) multiplying the drag coefficient by the cube of surface wind speed. While the latter method has been widely used in theoretical models as well as several numerical models simulating hurricanes, these analyses show that using this method would significantly overestimate the magnitude of dissipative heating. Although the dataset used in this study is limited by the surface wind speed range <30 m s(-1), this work highlights that it is crucial to understand the physical processes related to dissipative heating in the hurricane boundary layer for implementing it into hurricane models.
C1 [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA.
RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov
RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012
FU NOAA; National Research Council; CBLAST [N00014-01-F-0090]; NOAA/OAR
   laboratories
FX This work is supported by NOAA HFIP program and by the National Research
   Council Research Associateship program. The CBLAST experiment was
   supported through Grant N00014-01-F-0090 and the NOAA OAR/USWRP program
   as well as through the NOAA/OAR laboratories AOML and ARL. We want to
   acknowledge the CBLAST PIs and the flight and support
NR 32
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 6
BP 1853
EP 1862
DI 10.1175/2010JAS3397.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PN
UT WOS:000279368200010
ER

PT J
AU Xu, Q
AF Xu, Qin
TI Modal and Nonmodal Growths of Symmetric Perturbations in Unbounded
   Domain
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GEOSTROPHIC BAROCLINIC STABILITY; INERTIAL INSTABILITY; WAVES; MODES
AB Modal and nonmodal growths of nonhydrostatic symmetric perturbations in an unbounded domain are examined in comparison with their hydrostatic counterparts. It is shown that the modal growth rate is a function of a single internal parameters, the slope of the cross-band wave pattern. The maximum nonmodal growth of total perturbation energy norm is produced, also as a function of s, by an optimal combination of one geostrophic neutral mode and two paired nongeostrophic growing and decaying (or propagating) modes in the unstable (or stable) region. The hydrostatic approximation inflates the maximum modal growth rate significantly (or boundlessly) as the basic-state Richardson number Ri is small (or -> 0) and inflates the maximum nonmodal growth rate significantly (or boundlessly) as vertical bar s vertical bar is large (or -> infinity).
   Inside the unstable region, the maximum nonmodal growth scaled by the modal growth is a bounded increasing function of growth time tau but reduces to 1 at (Ri, s) = (1/4 -2) where the three modes become orthogonal to each other. Outside the unstable region, the maximum nonmodal growth is a periodic function of 7 and the maximum growth time tau(m) is bounded between 1/4 and 1/2 of the period of the paired propagating modes. The scaled maximum nonmodal growth reaches the global maximum at s = -Ri(-1) +/- Ri(-1)(1-Ri)(1/2) (the marginal-stability boundary) for any tau if Ri <= 1, or at s = -1 +/- (1 - Ri(-1))(1/2) for tau = tau(m) if Ri > 1. When the neutral mode is filtered, the nonmodal growth becomes nongeostrophic and smaller than its counterpart growth constructed by the three modes but still significantly larger than the modal growth in general. The scaled maximum nongeostrophic nonmodal growth reaches the global maximum at s = -Ri(-1) +/- Ri(-1)(1 - Ri)(1/2) for any tau if Ri <= 1, or at s = -Ri(-1/2) for tau = tau(m) if Ri > 1. Normalized inner products between the modes are introduced to measure their nonorthogonality and interpret their constructed nonmodal growths physically.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM qin.xu@noaa.gov
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 6
BP 1996
EP 2017
DI 10.1175/2010JAS3360.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PN
UT WOS:000279368200019
ER

PT J
AU Orlanski, I
   Solman, S
AF Orlanski, Isidoro
   Solman, Silvina
TI The Mutual Interaction between External Rossby Waves and Thermal
   Forcing: The Subpolar Regions
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH AMERICAN MODES; ANTARCTIC SEA-ICE; STATIONARY WAVES;
   GENERAL-CIRCULATION; HEMISPHERE WINTER; LINEAR RESPONSE; MEAN-FLOW;
   ATMOSPHERE; ANOMALIES; OSCILLATION
AB The authors hypothesize a simple feedback mechanism between external Rossby waves and diabatic heating from convection. This mechanism could explain the large amplitude that external Rossby waves attain as they propagate tumid-and high latitudes. A series of experiments has been carried out with a core dynamic global spectral model. These simulations with the idealized atmospheric GCM and a simple parameterization of thermal forcing proportional to the low-level wave meridional velocity suggest that external Rossby waves can be enhanced by convection, which they themselves induce. It is shown that in the tropospheric upper levels the amplitude of the external waves can be twice as large with feedback as for a control simulation that does not allow feedback.
C1 [Orlanski, Isidoro] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Solman, Silvina] CONICET UBA, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Orlanski, I (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM isidoro.orlanski@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of
   Commerce [NA17RJ2612, NA080AR4320752]; ANPCyT [PICT2005 32194]; UBACyT
   [X160]
FX One of the authors, Isidoro Orlanski, was supported under Awards
   NA17RJ2612 and NA080AR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings,
   conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not
   necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce.; Silvina Solman's
   research has been supported by ANPCyT Grant PICT2005 32194 and UBACyT
   Grant X160.
NR 46
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 6
BP 2018
EP 2038
DI 10.1175/2010JAS3267.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PN
UT WOS:000279368200020
ER

PT J
AU Baeza, JA
   Bolanos, JA
   Fuentes, S
   Hernandez, JE
   Lira, C
   Lopez, R
AF Antonio Baeza, J.
   Bolanos, Juan A.
   Fuentes, Soledad
   Hernandez, Jesus E.
   Lira, Carlos
   Lopez, Regulo
TI Molecular phylogeny of enigmatic Caribbean spider crabs from the
   Mithrax-Mithraculus species complex (Brachyura: Majidae: Mithracinae):
   ecological diversity and a formal test of genera monophyly
SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
LA English
DT Article
DE Mithrax; Mithraculus; Mithracinae; emerald crab; spiny ciab; spider
   crab; Venezuela
ID LARVAL STAGES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DECAPODA; EVOLUTION; CRUSTACEA; MAJOIDEA;
   REAPPRAISAL; CHARACTERS; MORPHOLOGY; MUTUALISM
AB Crabs from the Mithrax - Mithraculus species complex are known for their diversity of lifestyles, habitats, and coloration Tins group Includes small, colourful, symbiotic species and much larger, reef-dwelling crabs targeted by fishermen The evolutionary relationships between the species within this complex are not well-defined Previous studies based upon morphological characters have proposed the separation of tins complex into two genera (Mithrax and Mithraculus), but cladistic analyses based upon larval characters do not support this division A molecular phylogeny of the group may help to resolve this long-standing taxonomic question and shed light on the ecological conditions driving the diversity of these crabs Using a 550-bp alignment of the 16S rRNA mitochondria! DNA segment we examined the phylogenetic relationships between 8 species within the Mithrax - Mithraculus complex native to the Caribbean The resulting phylogeny indicates that this complex is paraphykite, as it includes the genus Microphrys The analyses revealed a well-supported, monophyletic group containing four species of Mithraculus (M cinctimanus, M coryphe, M sculptus and M forceps) and supported one pair of sister species from the genus Mithrax (M caribbaeus and M spinosissimus) No complete segregation of species, according to genera, was evident, however, from tree topologies Bayesian-factor analyses revealed strong support for the unconstrained tree instead of alternative trees in winch monophyly of the two genera was forced Thus, the present molecular phylogeny does not support the separation of the species within tins complex Into the genera Mithrax and Mithraculus A review of the literature demonstrated considerable phenotypic variation within monophyletic clades in this group
C1 [Antonio Baeza, J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.
   [Antonio Baeza, J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA.
   [Bolanos, Juan A.; Hernandez, Jesus E.; Lira, Carlos; Lopez, Regulo] Univ Oriente, Grp Invest Carcinol, Escuela Ciencias Aplicadas Mar, Isla Margarita, Venezuela.
   [Fuentes, Soledad] NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.
OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773
NR 50
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0025-3154
EI 1469-7769
J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK
JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 90
IS 4
BP 851
EP 858
DI 10.1017/S0025315409991044
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 620PE
UT WOS:000279511000024
ER

PT J
AU Grzelak, EM
   Shen, VK
   Errington, JR
AF Grzelak, Eric M.
   Shen, Vincent K.
   Errington, Jeffrey R.
TI Molecular Simulation Study of Anisotropic Wetting
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERFACIAL ENERGY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; LINE TENSION;
   WETTABILITY; SYSTEMS; ORIENTATION; ADHESION; CRYSTALS; MODEL
AB We study anisotropic wetting in systems governed by Lennard-Jones interactions. Molecular simulation is used to obtain the macroscopic contact angle a fluid adopts on face-centered-, body-centered-, and simple-cubic lattices with the (100), (110), or (111) face in contact with the fluid. Several amorphous substrates are also examined. Substrates are modeled as a static collection of particles. For a given set of calculations, the atomistic density of the substrate and the particle-particle interactions (surface-fluid and fluid-fluid) remain fixed. These constraints enable us to focus on the extent to which substrate structure influences the contact angle. Three substrate-fluid interaction strengths are considered, which provide wetting conditions that span from near-dry to near-wet. Our results indicate that the manner in which particles are organized within the substrate significantly influences the contact angle. For strong substrates (near-wet case), a change in the substrate structure can change the cosine of the contact angle by as much as 0.5. We also examine how well certain structural and energetic features of the substrate-fluid system serve as suitable metrics for predicting the variation of the contact angle with substrate topography. Three parameters are considered: the density of atoms within the crystalline plane closest to the fluid, a measure of the effective strength of the substrate-fluid interaction, and the roughness of the solid-liquid interface. The effective strength of the substrate potential shows the strongest correlation with the contact angle. This energy-based parameter is defined in a general manner and therefore could serve as a useful tool for describing the anisotropic wetting of solids. In contrast, the metrics based on planar density and interface roughness are found to correlate with contact angle data relatively weakly.
C1 [Grzelak, Eric M.; Errington, Jeffrey R.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Shen, Vincent K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Errington, JR (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
EM jerring@buffalo.edu
RI Errington, Jeffrey/E-8644-2011
OI Errington, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0365-0271
FU American Chemical Society [43452-AC5]; National Science Foundation
   [CBET-0828979]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Donors of the
   American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (Grant No. 43452-AC5)
   and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. CBET-0828979).
   Computational resources were provided by the University at Buffalo
   Center for Computational Research and the Rensselaer Polytechnic
   Institute Computational Center for Nanotechnology innovations.
NR 34
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 11
BP 8274
EP 8281
DI 10.1021/la9046897
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 599QL
UT WOS:000277928100084
PM 20218687
ER

PT J
AU Lo, CT
   Jahn, A
   Locascio, LE
   Vreeland, WN
AF Lo, Catherine T.
   Jahn, Andreas
   Locascio, Laurie E.
   Vreeland, Wyatt N.
TI Controlled Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Niosomes by Microfluidic
   Hydrodynamic Focusing
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; VESICLES NIOSOMES; DRUG-DELIVERY; CHAIN-LENGTH;
   MICE; FLOW; CELL; MICROCHANNELS; DEFORMATION; DISPERSIONS
AB Niosomes are synthetic membrane vesicles formed by sell-assembly of nonionic surfactant. often in a mixture with cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate. Because of their inner aqueous core and hi layer membrane shell, niosomes are commonly used as carriers of treatment agents for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications or contrast agents for clinical imaging applications. In those applications, niosomes are considered as a more economical and stable alternative to their biological counterpart (i.e., liposomes). However, conventional bulk method of niosome preparation requires bulk mixing of two liquid phases, which is time-consuming and not well-controlled. Such mixing conditions often lead to large niosomes with high polydispersity in size and thus affect the consistency of niosome dosage or imaging quality. In this study, we present a new method of niosome self-assembly by microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing to improve on the size and size distributions of niosomes. By taking advantage of the rapid and controlled mixing of two miscible fluids (i.e., alcohol and water) in microchannels, we were able to obtain in seconds nanoscaled niosomes with approximate to 40% narrower size distributions compared to the bulk method. We further investigated different parameters that might affect on-chip assembly of niosomes, such as (1) conditions for the microfluidic mixing. (2) chemical structures of the surfactant used (i.e., sorbitan esters Span 20, Span 60, and Span 80), and (3) device materials for the microchannel fabrication. This work suggests that microfluidics may facilitate the development and optimization of biomimetic colloidal systems for nanomedicine applications.
C1 [Lo, Catherine T.; Locascio, Laurie E.; Vreeland, Wyatt N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Jahn, Andreas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Vreeland, WN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM wyatt.vreeland@nist.gov
FU NIST/NRC
FX C.T.L. acknowledges the financial support from the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral
   Research Program, the helpful discussions with Dr. Jason Kralj, and the
   microscopy assistance provided by Dr. Jennifer Hong. The authors also
   thank Dr. Laura Hermida for the introduction to niosomes.
NR 41
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 2
U2 39
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 11
BP 8559
EP 8566
DI 10.1021/la904616s
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 599QL
UT WOS:000277928100121
PM 20146467
ER

PT J
AU Diaz, MR
   Jacobson, JW
   Goodwin, KD
   Dunbar, SA
   Fell, JW
AF Diaz, Mara R.
   Jacobson, James W.
   Goodwin, Kelly D.
   Dunbar, Sherry A.
   Fell, Jack W.
TI Molecular detection of harmful algal blooms (HABs) using locked nucleic
   acids and bead array technology
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
LA English
DT Article
ID REAL-TIME PCR; RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER;
   MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME-B; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA;
   KARENIA-BREVIS; HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; ALEXANDRIUM-MINUTUM; RAPID
   DETECTION
AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious public health risk in coastal waters. As the intensity and frequency of HABs continue to rise, new methods of detection are needed for reliable identification. Herein, we developed a high-throughput, multiplex, bead array technique for the detection of the dinoflagellates Karenia brevis and Karenia mikimotoi. The method combined the Luminex detection system with two novel technologies: locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotides (LNA) and Mirus Label IT (R) nucleic acid technology. To study the feasibility of the method, we evaluated the performance of modified and unmodified LNA probes with amplicon targets that were biotin labeled with two different strategies: direct chemical labeling (Mirus Label IT) versus enzymatic end-labeling (single biotinylated primer). The results illustrated that LNA probes hybridized to complementary single-stranded DNA with better affinity and displayed higher fluorescence intensities than unmodified oligonucleotide DNA probes. The latter effect was more pronounced when the assay was carried out at temperatures above 53 degrees C degree. As opposed to the enzymatic 5' terminal labeling technique, the chemical-labeling method enhanced the level of fluorescence by as much as similar to 83%. The detection limits of the assay, which were established with LNA probes and Mirus Label IT system, ranged from 0.05 to 46 copies of rRNA. This high-throughput method, which represents the first molecular detection strategy to integrate Luminex technology with LNA probes and Mirus Label IT, can be adapted for the detection of other HABs and is well suited for the monitoring of red tides at pre-blooming and blooming conditions.
C1 [Diaz, Mara R.; Fell, Jack W.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Jacobson, James W.] LabNow Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
   [Goodwin, Kelly D.] NOAA, AOML, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Goodwin, Kelly D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Dunbar, Sherry A.] Luminex Corp, Austin, TX 78727 USA.
RP Diaz, MR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM mdiaz@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014
OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073
FU Cooperative Institute of Estuarine and Environmental Technology (CICEET)
   through NOAA [NA06N0S4190167]; Rookery Bay NERR; National Science
   Foundation [OCE 0432368/0911373]; National Institute of Environmental
   and Health Science [P50 ES12736]
FX We are indebted to Dr. Robert Brazas for providing technical expertise
   on Mirus labeling methods. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged
   from the Cooperative Institute of Estuarine and Environmental Technology
   (CICEET) through a NOAA grant (NA06N0S4190167). Field samples and
   financial assistance for publication costs were provided by the Rookery
   Bay NERR and through grants from the National Science Foundation (OCE
   0432368/0911373) and the National Institute of Environmental and Health
   Science (P50 ES12736). The authors thank the ARCH core facility at
   Florida International University for providing various DNA samples from
   their culture collection (NIEHS -S11ES11181).
NR 75
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 1541-5856
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH
JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 8
BP 269
EP 284
DI 10.4319/lom.2010.8.269
PG 16
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 678TY
UT WOS:000284105000002
PM 21165155
ER

PT J
AU Fiedler, PC
AF Fiedler, Paul C.
TI Comparison of objective descriptions of the thermocline
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
LA English
DT Article
ID MIXED-LAYER DEPTH; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN;
   VARIABILITY; ISOTHERM; PROFILE; WAVES
AB Temperature-depth profiles, including the thermocline, are typically described or characterized by mixed layer depth, thermocline depth, and thermocline strength. Objective methods of estimating these parameters are compared with empirical determinations for 200 CTD profiles collected in the eastern and central tropical Pacific, the subtropical North Pacific, and the California Current. The objective methods are (1) maximum slope by difference, (2) maximum slope by regression, (3) four-segment profile model, (4) inflection point, and (5) variable representative isotherm. Mixed layer depth is well estimated by the temperature criterion of (SST-0.8 degrees C) independent of the estimation of thermocline parameters. Thermocline depth and strength are well estimated by the variable representative isotherm method. However, thermocline strength measured as the slope of the temperature-depth profile does not provide a good measure of stratification of the water column. Therefore, it is recommended that the thermocline strength estimate for a profile be supplemented by an estimate of the standard deviation of temperature in the near-surface layer including the thermocline.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Fiedler, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM Paul.Fiedler@noaa.gov
NR 29
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1541-5856
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH
JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 8
BP 313
EP 325
DI 10.4319/lom.2010.8.313
PG 13
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 678TY
UT WOS:000284105000006
ER

PT J
AU Chen, T
   Hung, SK
   Qiu, YS
   Jia, XP
   Jefferson, TA
AF Chen, Tao
   Hung, Samuel K.
   Qiu, Yongsong
   Jia, Xiaoping
   Jefferson, Thomas A.
TI Distribution, abundance, and individual movements of Indo-Pacific
   humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River Estuary, China
SO MAMMALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE abundance; distribution; individual movement; Indo-Pacific humpback
   dolphin; line-transect survey; Pearl River Estuary; photo-identification
ID HONG-KONG WATERS; CONSERVATION STATUS; POPULATION-SIZE; BAY
AB To obtain critical information on distribution and abundance of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) residing in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), systematic line-transect surveys and photo-identification studies were conducted in the eastern and western sections of the estuary in 2005-2006 and 2007-2008, respectively. Dolphins in the eastern section occurred throughout Lingding Bay, whereas their distribution in the western section extended from the mouth of Modaomen to the channel between Shangchuan and Xiachuan islands. Variations in dolphin distribution during the wet and dry seasons were evident and probably associated with movements of their prey species. Photo-identification of individuals confirmed exchange of at least some individuals between the western and eastern sections of PRE, and thus dolphins from both areas almost certainly comprise a single population. Using line-transect analysis, the total population size of the PRE humpback dolphins was estimated to be 2555 during the wet season and 2517 during the dry season. However, these should be considered preliminary as the coefficients of variation in some survey areas were high. Further studies should focus on refining these estimates and working towards understanding the western boundary of the PRE population.
C1 [Hung, Samuel K.] Hong Kong Dolphin Conservat Soc, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Hung, Samuel K.] Hong Kong Cetacean Res Project, Lam Tin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Jefferson, Thomas A.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Chen, Tao; Qiu, Yongsong; Jia, Xiaoping] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, S China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
RP Hung, SK (reprint author), Hong Kong Dolphin Conservat Soc, POB 65457,Tseung Kwan O Post Off, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM samuel@hkdcs.org
FU Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge; South China Sea Fisheries Research
   Institute
FX The authors would like to thank the staff of South China Sea Fisheries
   Research Institute, Zhong Zhihui, Li Xiaoguo, Liang Xiaoyun, and Huang
   Zirong, for their diligent work in conducting the line-transect vessel
   surveys. We also want to express our gratitude to Professor He Guomin of
   SCSFRI for his integral role in the HZMB EIA study. We appreciate the
   comments and suggestions of D. Choi, J.Y. Wang, and an anonymous
   reviewer, who reviewed drafts of this paper. The 2005-2006 surveys were
   funded by the Environmental Impact Assessment study for the construction
   of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, and the 2007-2008 surveys were funded
   by the basic research fund of the South China Sea Fisheries Research
   Institute.
NR 49
TC 34
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 23
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0025-1461
J9 MAMMALIA
JI Mammalia
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 2
BP 117
EP 125
DI 10.1515/MAMM.2010.024
PG 9
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 622CI
UT WOS:000279636100001
ER

PT J
AU Zerbini, AN
   Clapham, PJ
   Wade, PR
AF Zerbini, Alexandre N.
   Clapham, Phillip J.
   Wade, Paul R.
TI Assessing plausible rates of population growth in humpback whales from
   life-history data
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; BALEEN WHALES; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; SURVIVAL
   RATES; ABUNDANCE; AGE; MORTALITY; TRENDS; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS
AB The rate of growth of any population is a quantity of interest in conservation and management and is constrained by biological factors. In this study, recent data on life-history parameters influencing rates of population growth in humpback whales, including survival, age at first parturition and calving rate are reviewed. Monte Carlo simulations are used to compute a distribution of rates of increase (ROIs) taking into account uncertainty in biological parameter estimates. Two approaches for computing juvenile survival are proposed, which taken into account along with other life-history data, resulted in the following estimates of the rate of population growth: Approach A: mean of 7.3%/year (95% CI = 3.5-10.5%/year) and Approach B: mean of 8.6%/year (95% CI = 5.0-11.4%/year). It is proposed that the upper 99% quantile of the resulting distribution of the ROI for Approach B (11.8%/year) be established as the maximum plausible ROI for humpback whales and be used in population assessment of the species. Possible sources of positive and negative biases in the present estimates are presented and include measurement error in estimation of life-history parameters, changes in the environment within the period these quantities are measured, density dependence or other natural factors. However, it is difficult to evaluate potential biases without additional data. The methods presented in this study can be applied to other species for which life-history parameters are available and are useful in assessing plausibility in the estimation of population growth rates from time series of abundance estimates.
C1 [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Clapham, Phillip J.; Wade, Paul R.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Inst Aqualie, Projeto Monitoramento Baleias Satelite, BR-22763010 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
RP Zerbini, AN (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM alex.zerbini@noaa.gov
RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012
FU National Research Council (NRC), National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
FX We thank Jooke Robbins and Jan Straley for information on life-history
   parameters from humpback whale populations in the Gulf of Maine and
   Southeast Alaska, respectively. Early drafts of this manuscript were
   reviewed by Amanda Bradford, Trevor Branch, Nancy Friday, Jeff Laake,
   and Jooke Robbins. Funding for this study was provided to ANZ by the
   National Research Council (NRC), National Academy of Sciences (NAS). The
   comments and suggestions provided by two anonymous reviewers greatly
   improved the contents of the manuscript.
NR 72
TC 32
Z9 44
U1 4
U2 26
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0025-3162
EI 1432-1793
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 157
IS 6
BP 1225
EP 1236
DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1403-y
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 595WB
UT WOS:000277643100006
ER

PT J
AU Hammerschlag, N
   Serafy, JE
AF Hammerschlag, Neil
   Serafy, Joseph E.
TI Nocturnal fish utilization of a subtropical mangrove-seagrass ecotone
SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
LA English
DT Article
DE Barracuda; fish community; grunt; habitat use; juvenile fishes;
   nocturnal; porgy; proximity gradient; seagrass mangrove; snapper
ID JUVENILE REEF FISH; TETHERING EXPERIMENTS; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; MARINE
   NURSERIES; CARIBBEAN ISLAND; GREAT BARRACUDA; HABITAT; ASSEMBLAGES;
   FLORIDA; GRUNTS
AB Whereas diel fish migration between mangrove and seagrass habitats has been recognized for decades, quantitative studies have focused mainly on diurnal patterns of fish distribution and abundance. In general, previous studies have shown that fish abundances decline with increasing distance from mangroves; however, evidence for such a pattern at night, when many fishes are actively feeding, is scarce. The present study is the first to report nocturnal fish abundances along a continuous distance gradient from mangroves across adjacent seagrass habitat (0-120 m). Here, we used nocturnal seine sampling to test the null hypothesis (based on diurnal studies and limited nocturnal work) that fish abundance would decrease with increasing distance from shoreline. We focused on species and life-stage-specific abundance patterns of Lutjanus griseus, Sphyraena barracuda, Archosargus rhomboidalis, and Haemulon sciurus. Results indicated that assemblage composition and structure differed significantly by season, likely influenced by temperature. However, within each season, the fish habitat use pattern at both the assemblage and species-specific level generally failed to support our working null hypothesis. Species-specific analyses revealed that, for most species and life-stages examined, nocturnal abundance either did not change with distance or increased with distance from the mangrove-seagrass ecotone. Our results suggest that analyses where taxa are grouped to report overall patterns may have the potential to overlook significant species- and stage-specific variation. For fishes known to make nocturnal migrations, we recommend nocturnal sampling to determine habitat utilization patterns, especially when inferring nursery value of multiple habitats or when estimating fish production.
C1 [Hammerschlag, Neil; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Serafy, Joseph E.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Miami, FL USA.
RP Hammerschlag, N (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM nhammerschlag@rsmas.miami.edu
FU Herbert W. Hoover Foundation; Batchelor Foundation Inc.; NOAA Living
   Marine Resource Cooperative Science Center, National Park Service;
   SeaStar Foundation, Save The Blue, YSI Inc.; University of Miami's South
   Florida Student Shark Program (SFSSP); Rosenstiel School of Marine and
   Atmospheric Science
FX Funding support for this work was primarily provided by the Herbert W.
   Hoover Foundation, the Batchelor Foundation Inc., NOAA Living Marine
   Resource Cooperative Science Center, National Park Service (Biscayne
   National Park - BNP), the SeaStar Foundation, Save The Blue, YSI Inc.,
   the University of Miami's South Florida Student Shark Program (SFSSP)
   and Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. We are indebted
   to the technical support of all SFSSP volunteers, primarily D. Ovando,
   A. Disilvestro, A. Morgan, L. Winn, E. Overstreet, J. Ross, C. Antal, A.
   Matulik, X. Serrano, K. Titley, D. Washington and the students of Palmer
   Trinity High School, South Broward High School, MAST Academy and the
   University of Miami. Special thanks to M. Heithaus, D. Lirman, L. Brand,
   T. Kellison, G. Thomas, D. Die, P.B. Teare, C. Peyer, T. Jackson, L.
   Hoover and R. Mann. For logistical support, thanks to M. Lewis, E.
   Alvear, R. Curry and H. M. Tritt of BNP. This work was conducted under
   BNP Permit # BISC-2008-SCI-0003.
NR 62
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0173-9565
J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP
JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 2
BP 364
EP 374
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00337.x
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 583ES
UT WOS:000276656700011
ER

PT J
AU da Silva, DAM
   Bicego, MC
AF da Silva, Denis A. M.
   Bicego, Marcia C.
TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum biomarkers in Sao
   Sebastiao Channel, Brazil: Assessment of petroleum contamination
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Geochemistry; Sediments; Petroleum hydrocarbons; PAH; Petroleum
   biomarkers; Brazil; Sao Paulo
ID FRASER-RIVER BASIN; LA-PLATA ESTUARY; OIL-SPILL; GEOCHEMICAL MARKERS;
   PARTICULATE MATTER; CRUDE OILS; SEDIMENTS; IDENTIFICATION; INPUTS; PAHS
AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (NAHs), including n-alkanes, isoprenoids and petroleum biomarkers (terpanes, hopanes, steranes and diasteranes), were quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometer detectors in sediment samples collected from the Sao Sebastiao Channel (SSC), Brazil, where the largest Brazilian maritime petroleum terminal is located The concentrations of total PAHs. total n-alkanes and petroleum biomarkers ranged from below the detection limits to 370 ng g(-1,) 28 mu g g(-1), 2200 ng g(-1) (dry weight), respectively. The analysis of PAN distribution suggested combustion sources of PAHs as the main input for these compounds with smaller amount from petroleum contamination The distribution of petroleum biomarkers undoubtedly demonstrated petroleum as a source of anthropogenic contamination throughout the region. The assessment of petrogenic sources of contamination in marine sediment is more challenging if only PAH analysis were carried out, which demonstrates that more stable hydrocarbons such as petroleum biomarkers are useful for investigating potential presence of petroleum (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [da Silva, Denis A. M.; Bicego, Marcia C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Quim Organ Marinha, Inst Oceanog, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
RP da Silva, DAM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RI Bicego, Marcia/D-1996-2013
FU "Fundacao de Amparo a Pequisa do Estado de So Paulo" - FAPESP
   [02/00022-0]; "Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel
   Superior" (CAPES)
FX The authors thank Dr. Roberto L. Barcellos for the granulometric
   analysis of sediment samples, Dr Satie Tanigushi for great help with the
   analysis and the assistance of Gina Ylitalo for the helpful comments on
   this manuscript We also thank the anonymous reviewers for great
   improvements on the original manuscript. This study was supported by
   "Fundacao de Amparo a Pequisa do Estado de So Paulo" - FAPESP (Project
   02/00022-0) and "Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel
   Superior" (CAPES) for the PhD scholarship
NR 46
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 36
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 69
IS 5
BP 277
EP 286
DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.11.007
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA 609FQ
UT WOS:000278641600001
PM 20005568
ER

PT J
AU Carls, MG
   Thedinga, JF
AF Carls, Mark G.
   Thedinga, John F.
TI Exposure of pink salmon embryos to dissolved polynuclear aromatic
   hydrocarbons delays development, prolonging vulnerability to mechanical
   damage
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Crude oil; Prince William Sound; Pink salmon; PAH; Shock; Embryo
   development
ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; HERRING
   CLUPEA-PALLASI; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; FISH EMBRYOS; CYTOCHROME-P4501A
   INDUCTION; JAPANESE MEDAKA; TOXICITY; SENSITIVITY
AB Exposure to dissolved polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from crude oil delays pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) embryo development, thus prolonging their susceptibility to mechanical damage (shock) Exposure also caused mortality, edema, and anemia consistent with previous studies Hatching and yolk consumption were delayed, indicating the rate of embryonic development was slowed by PAH exposure. The net result was that exposed embryos were more susceptible to shock than normal, unexposed embryos Susceptibility to shock was protracted by 4-6 d for more than a month in embryos exposed to exponentially declining, dissolved PAH concentrations in water passed through oiled rock, the initial total PAH concentration was 22.4 mu g L(-1) and the geometric mean concentration was 4 5 mu g L(-1) over the first 20 d Protracted susceptibility to shock caused by exposure to PAHs dissolved from oil could potentially increase the reported incidence of mortality in oiled stream systems, such as those in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, if observers fail to discriminate between direct mortality and shock-induced mortality Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Carls, Mark G.; Thedinga, John F.] NOAA, NMFS, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Carls, MG (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
NR 54
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 69
IS 5
BP 318
EP 325
DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.12.006
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA 609FQ
UT WOS:000278641600005
PM 20089299
ER

PT J
AU Hegaret, H
   Smolowitz, RM
   Sunila, I
   Shumway, SE
   Alix, J
   Dixon, M
   Wikfors, GH
AF Hegaret, Helene
   Smolowitz, Roxanna M.
   Sunila, Inke
   Shumway, Sandra E.
   Alix, Jennifer
   Dixon, Mark
   Wikfors, Gary H.
TI Combined effects of a parasite, QPX, and the harmful-alga, Prorocentrum
   minimum on northern quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Bivalve mollusc; Shellfish; Dinoflagellate; Harmful-algal bloom;
   Hemocyte; Quahog; Mercenaria mercenaria; Parasite; Prorocentrum minimum;
   QPX
ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; HARD CLAMS; EASTERN
   OYSTERS; RUDITAPES-PHILIPPINARUM; PERKINSUS-MARINUS;
   ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE; DIFFERENT POPULATIONS; HEMOCYTE PARAMETERS;
   DEFENSE RESPONSES
AB Northern quahogs. Mercenaria mercenaria (L), frequently are infected with the parasite Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX. Labyrintohomorpha, Thraustochytriales), which can cause morbidity and mortality of the quahogs Possible interactions between this parasitic disease and exposure to the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum in M mercenaria were studied experimentally. Quahogs from Massachusetts with variable intensity of QPX infection were exposed, under controlled laboratory conditions, to cultured P minimum added to the natural plankton at a cell density equivalent to a natural bloom After 5 days of exposure, individual clams were diagnosed histologically to assess prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection, as well as other pathological conditions Further, cellular defense status of clams was evaluated by analyzing hemocyte parameters (morphological and functional) using flow-cytometry Exposure of quahogs to P minimum resulted in a lower percentage of phagocytic hemocytes, higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), larger hemocyte size, more-numerous hemocytic aggregates. and increased numbers of hemocytes in gills accompanied by vacuolation and hyperplasia of the water-tubular epithelial cells of the gills Quahogs had a low prevalence of QPX, by chance, the parasite was present only in quahogs exposed to P minimum. Thus, the effect of QPX alone on the hemocyte parameters of quahogs could not be assessed in this experiment, but it was possible to assess different responses of infected versus non-infected quahogs to P minimum QPX-infected quahogs exposed to P minimum had repressed percentage of phagocytic hemocytes, consistent with immuno-modulating effect of P. minimum upon several molluscan species, as well as smaller hemocytes and increased hemocyte infiltration throughout the soft tissues This experiment demonstrates the importance of considering interactive effects of different factors on the immunology and histopathology of bivalve shellfish, and highlights the importance of considering the presence of parasites when bivalves are subjected to harmful-algal blooms. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
C1 [Hegaret, Helene; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
   [Smolowitz, Roxanna M.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Sunila, Inke] State Connecticut, Dept Agr, Bur Aquaculture, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
   [Alix, Jennifer; Dixon, Mark; Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
RP Hegaret, H (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM, LEMAR, CNRS,UMR 6539, Pl Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008
OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013
FU American Museum of Natural History; National Shellfisheries Association;
   Sigma Xi; Connecticut Sea Grant; EPA/ECOHAB [523792]; United States
   Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education and
   Extension Service [2003-38500-13505]
FX We thank Anna Le Borgne, Lucile Chemin, Jacquelin de Faveri and Barry C.
   Smith for their help. This work was supported by the Lerner Gray Fund
   for Marine Research from the American Museum of Natural History, the
   National Shellfisheries Association, Sigma Xi, Connecticut Sea Grant,
   EPA/ECOHAB Grant No 523792, and by the United States Department of
   Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service
   through Grant No. 2003-38500-13505 administered by the Northeastern
   Regional Aquaculture Center. Findings, opinions, and recommendations
   expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of
   NRAC or USDA
NR 56
TC 23
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U1 2
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
EI 1879-0291
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 69
IS 5
BP 337
EP 344
DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.12.008
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA 609FQ
UT WOS:000278641600007
PM 20110123
ER

PT J
AU Turley, C
   Eby, M
   Ridgwell, AJ
   Schmidt, DN
   Findlay, HS
   Brownlee, C
   Riebesell, U
   Fabry, VJ
   Feely, RA
   Gattuso, JP
AF Turley, C.
   Eby, M.
   Ridgwell, A. J.
   Schmidt, D. N.
   Findlay, H. S.
   Brownlee, C.
   Riebesell, U.
   Fabry, V. J.
   Feely, R. A.
   Gattuso, J. -P.
TI The societal challenge of ocean acidification
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
   ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CORAL-REEFS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; HIGH-CO2 WORLD;
   DEEP-SEA; PH; CALCIFICATION
C1 [Turley, C.; Findlay, H. S.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.
   [Eby, M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
   [Ridgwell, A. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, BRIDGE, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
   [Schmidt, D. N.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England.
   [Brownlee, C.] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England.
   [Riebesell, U.] IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
   [Fabry, V. J.] Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA.
   [Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Gattuso, J. -P.] UPMC, CNRS, Oceanog Lab, Observ Oceanol, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France.
RP Turley, C (reprint author), Plymouth Marine Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.
EM CT@pml.ac.uk
RI Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/E-6631-2010; Eby, Michael/H-5278-2013; 
OI Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/0000-0002-4533-4114; Schmidt,
   Daniela/0000-0001-8419-2721
NR 73
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 3
U2 69
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 6
BP 787
EP 792
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.006
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 624EJ
UT WOS:000279798800001
PM 20538146
ER

PT J
AU Bailey, H
   Senior, B
   Simmons, D
   Rusin, J
   Picken, G
   Thompson, PM
AF Bailey, Helen
   Senior, Bridget
   Simmons, Dave
   Rusin, Jan
   Picken, Gordon
   Thompson, Paul M.
TI Assessing underwater noise levels during pile-driving at an offshore
   windfarm and its potential effects on marine mammals
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Ambient noise; Bottlenose dolphins; Marine Protected Area; Noise
   impacts; Renewable energy
ID HARBOR PORPOISE; SEISMIC SURVEYS; CETACEANS; FISH; SENSITIVITY;
   RESPONSES; SIGNALS; DOLPHIN; WATERS; SOUNDS
AB Marine renewable developments have raised concerns over impacts of underwater noise on marine species, particularly from pile-driving for wind turbines. Environmental assessments typically use generic sound propagation models, but empirical tests of these models are lacking. In 2006, two 5 MW wind turbines were installed off NE Scotland. The turbines were in deep (>40 m) water, 25 km from the Moray Firth Special Area of Conservation (SAC), potentially affecting a protected population of bottlenose dolphins. We measured pile-driving noise at distances of 0.1 (maximum broadband peak to peak sound level 205 dB re 1 mu Pa) to 80 km (no longer distinguishable above background noise). These sound levels were related to noise exposure criteria for marine mammals to assess possible effects. For bottlenose dolphins, auditory injury would only have occurred within 100 m of the pile-driving and behavioural disturbance, defined as modifications in behaviour, could have occurred up to 50 km away. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bailey, Helen; Senior, Bridget; Thompson, Paul M.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland.
   [Simmons, Dave; Rusin, Jan] Talisman Energy UK Ltd, Aberdeen AB10 6BZ, Scotland.
   [Picken, Gordon] BMT Cordah Ltd, Bridge Don, Aberdeen AB23 8HG, Scotland.
RP Bailey, H (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
EM Helen.bailey@noaa.gov
RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Thompson, Paul /B-6742-2009
OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Thompson, Paul /0000-0001-6195-3284
FU EU; Talisman Energy (UK) Ltd.; Scottish & Southern Energy
FX Financial support for this study was provided by the EU DOWNVInD
   project, with additional logistic and financial support provided by
   Talisman Energy (UK) Ltd. and Scottish & Southern Energy. We are
   particularly grateful to the National Physical Laboratory for providing
   a Bruel and Kjaer 8104 hydrophone, and to J. Ablitt, R. Corkrey, S.
   Robinson and B. Southall for their valuable advice. We thank
   Subacoustech Ltd. for their support with the sound recordings and
   measurements. We also thank T. Barton, K. Brookes, B. Cheney, C. Fryatt
   and all the marine mammal observers and boat crew for their assistance
   during fieldwork.
NR 40
TC 72
Z9 73
U1 10
U2 170
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 6
BP 888
EP 897
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.01.003
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 624EJ
UT WOS:000279798800020
PM 20152995
ER

PT J
AU Hendricks, JH
   Olson, DA
AF Hendricks, Jay H.
   Olson, Douglas A.
TI 1-15,000 Pa Absolute mode comparisons between the NIST ultrasonic
   interferometer manometers and non-rotating force-balanced piston gauges
SO MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 19th IMEKO World Congress
CY SEP 06-11, 2009
CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL
DE Force-balanced piston gauge; FPG; Metrology; Pressure; Standards;
   Vacuum; UIM; Ultrasonic interferometer manometer
ID MERCURY; STANDARDS; DENSITY
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Low Pressure Manometry Project maintains and operates primary standard ultrasonic interferometer manometers (UIMs) over the pressure range of 1 mPa to 360 kPa. Over the past decade a new type of customer gauge, the non-rotating force-balanced piston gauge or FPG (model 8601, DH Instruments, a Fluke Company(1)) has been introduced to the standards community that covers the range of,approximate to 1-15,000 Pa and is capable of both absolute and differential measurement modes. Since 2002, NIST customers(2) have requested that four different FPG units be compared to the NIST primary pressure ultrasonic interferometer manometer standards (UlMs). The results of the comparisons were that all four FPG units were within manufacturers stated uncertainty (0.008 Pa + 30 x 10(-6) x P for absolute mode) when compared against the NIST UlMs at pressures between 10 Pa and 15,000 Pa (absolute mode). At pressures between 5 Pa and 10 Pa, the results were generally within manufacturer's specifications. Below 5 Pa some of the FPG units were outside of manufacturer's uncertainty specifications. The use of an isolating capacitance diaphragm gauge (COG) was necessary during the comparisons to prevent humidified gas from the FPG from entering the NIST 160 kPa mercury UIM primary pressure standard. The results of these four different comparison tests will be discussed in detail, along with test conditions, equipment set-up, and test uncertainty analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Hendricks, Jay H.; Olson, Douglas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hendricks, JH (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jay.hendricks@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0263-2241
J9 MEASUREMENT
JI Measurement
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 43
IS 5
SI SI
BP 664
EP 674
DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2009.12.031
PG 11
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 599ZP
UT WOS:000277953400008
ER

PT J
AU Schock, TB
   Stancyk, DA
   Thibodeaux, L
   Burnett, KG
   Burnett, LE
   Boroujerdi, AFB
   Bearden, DW
AF Schock, Tracey B.
   Stancyk, David A.
   Thibodeaux, Lindy
   Burnett, Karen G.
   Burnett, Louis E.
   Boroujerdi, Arezue F. B.
   Bearden, Daniel W.
TI Metabolomic analysis of Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus,
   hemolymph following oxidative stress
SO METABOLOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Metabolomics; Metabonomics; NMR; Environmental; Blue crab; Oxidative
   stress; Callinectes sapidus; Hemolymph
ID LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; HYPERCAPNIC HYPOXIA; IDENTIFICATION; SHRIMP;
   PENTACHLOROPHENOL; SPECTROSCOPY; CRUSTACEANS; CLEARANCE; TRANSPORT;
   RESPONSES
AB The Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, is an economically, ecologically, and recreationally valuable decapod crustacean that inhabits estuaries along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. In their natural environment, blue crabs are exposed to many stressors including anthropogenic contaminants, viruses and bacteria. Bacterial infection results in the depression of oxygen uptake, and impairs normal metabolic function in a manner that has not yet been fully elucidated. Our laboratory is developing NMR-based metabolomic tools for environmental research to discover metabolomic biomarkers of stress in marine organisms. We have used NMR spectroscopy to compare the response of the crab metabolome to depression of aerobic metabolism by injection of the bacterium Vibrio campbellii, versus elevation of aerobic metabolism by treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a known uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. The corresponding NMR spectral variations between treatments were evaluated using chemometric tools for pattern recognition and biomarker identification, including principal components analysis and partial least-squares analysis. Metabolic changes were identified in crab hemolymph 30 min after injection with V. campbellii and DNP. Glucose, considered a reliable indicator for biological stress in crustaceans, and lactate, a metabolite indicating anaerobic respiration, provided the largest variations in the metabolomes, respectively. While biological variability and/or tight regulation of the hemolymph masked subtle metabolic changes at individual time-points, metabolic trajectory analysis revealed clear differences between the two modes of oxidative stress, providing insight into the biochemical pathways involved.
C1 [Schock, Tracey B.; Boroujerdi, Arezue F. B.; Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Stancyk, David A.; Thibodeaux, Lindy; Burnett, Karen G.; Burnett, Louis E.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Bearden, DW (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM dan.bearden@nist.gov
FU Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility; National Science Foundation
   [IOS-0725245, DBI-0244007]
FX We acknowledge the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR
   Facility. The report is based in part upon research supported by the
   National Science Foundation under grants IOS-0725245 and DBI-0244007.
NR 37
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 6
U2 47
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1573-3882
J9 METABOLOMICS
JI Metabolomics
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 2
BP 250
EP 262
DI 10.1007/s11306-009-0194-y
PG 13
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 591KG
UT WOS:000277298700009
ER

PT J
AU Elster, C
   Toman, B
AF Elster, Clemens
   Toman, Blaza
TI Analysis of key comparisons: estimating laboratories' biases by a fixed
   effects model using Bayesian model averaging
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
AB We propose a novel procedure for the analysis of key comparison data. The goal of the procedure is to detect biases in the reported measurement results which are not accounted for by quoted uncertainties. A fixed effects bias model is employed which constrains the biases of some of the laboratories to zero. Only the number of these laboratories needs to be specified, not the laboratories themselves. The analysis then runs through all possible different models, each assuming zero biases for a different subset of laboratories. The results from these models are finally merged by employing a Bayesian model averaging technique. Explicit formulae are derived which allow for an easy application of the proposed approach. The procedure is illustrated by its application to data from the CCL-K1 key comparison.
C1 [Elster, Clemens] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
   [Toman, Blaza] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Elster, C (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
NR 11
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 3
BP 113
EP 119
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/001
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 596OZ
UT WOS:000277695900003
ER

PT J
AU Kacker, RN
   Lawrence, JF
AF Kacker, Raghu N.
   Lawrence, James F.
TI Rectangular distribution whose end points are not exactly known:
   curvilinear trapezoidal distribution
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID UNCERTAINTY; MOMENTS; WIDTH
AB Metrologists often represent the state of knowledge concerning a quantity about which scant specific information is available by a rectangular probability distribution. The end points are frequently specified by subjective judgment; therefore, they are inexactly known. If the states of knowledge about the end points may be represented by other (narrower) rectangular distributions, then the resulting probability distribution looks like a trapezoid whose sloping sides are curved. We refer to such a probability distribution as curvilinear trapezoid. Depending on the limits of rectangular distributions for the end points, the curvilinear trapezoidal distribution may be asymmetric. In a previous paper we had shown that if the mid-point of a rectangular distribution is known and the state of knowledge about the half-width may be represented by a rectangular distribution then the resulting distribution is symmetric curvilinear trapezoid. In this paper, we describe the probability density function of a curvilinear trapezoidal distribution which arises from inexactly known end points. Then we give compact analytic expressions for all moments including the expected value and the variance. Next we discuss how random numbers from such a distribution may be generated. We compare the curvilinear trapezoid which arises from inexactly known end points with the corresponding trapezoid whose sloping sides are straight. We also compare the curvilinear trapezoid which arises from inexactly known end points with the curvilinear trapezoid which arises when the mid-point is known and the state of knowledge about the half-width may be represented by a rectangular distribution. The results presented in this paper are useful in evaluating uncertainty according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) as well as Supplement 1 to the GUM (GUM-S1).
C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Lawrence, James F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Lawrence, James F.] George Mason Univ, Dept Math, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov; james.lawrence@nist.gov
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 3
BP 120
EP 126
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/002
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 596OZ
UT WOS:000277695900004
ER

PT J
AU Meyer, CW
   Hodges, JT
   Hyland, RW
   Scace, GE
   Valencia-Rodriguez, J
   Whetstone, JR
AF Meyer, C. W.
   Hodges, J. T.
   Hyland, R. W.
   Scace, G. E.
   Valencia-Rodriguez, J.
   Whetstone, J. R.
TI The second-generation NIST standard hygrometer
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR
AB A second-generation standard hygrometer has been completed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This hygrometer measures humidity using a gravimetric method: it separates the water from the carrier gas and afterwards measures the water mass and carrier gas mass. These two measurements determine the mass ratio r (the ratio of the measured water mass to the measured dry-gas mass). The new design allows automated continuous gas collection at up to 3 L min(-1). This enables the hygrometer to collect larger amounts of gas and thereby measure humidity values lower than that measured by the previous NIST standard hygrometer. When operated in an optimal thermal environment (minimal thermal loads in the laboratory), the total expanded relative uncertainty (k = 2) of the gravimetric hygrometer is approximately 0.1% for atmospheric-pressure frost points higher than -35 degrees C (r = 250 mu g g(-1)). Below this frost point the total expanded relative uncertainty gradually increases to approximately 1% at -55 degrees C (r = 13 mu g g(-1)). The hygrometer has measured the humidity of gas samples produced by the NIST Hybrid Generator and the NIST Low Frost-Point Generator with dew/frost points from -35 degrees C to 71 degrees C. For both generators the differences between the humidity generated and the humidity measured by the gravimetric hygrometer are less than the combined uncertainties of the generator and the hygrometer.
C1 [Meyer, C. W.; Hodges, J. T.; Hyland, R. W.; Scace, G. E.; Whetstone, J. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Valencia-Rodriguez, J.] Adv Sci Applicat Mexico, Puebla, Pue, Mexico.
RP Meyer, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM christopher.meyer@nist.gov
NR 16
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 3
BP 192
EP 207
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/010
PG 16
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 596OZ
UT WOS:000277695900012
ER

PT J
AU Malyarenko, EV
   Heyman, JS
   Chen-Mayer, HH
   Tosh, RE
AF Malyarenko, Eugene V.
   Heyman, Joseph S.
   Chen-Mayer, H. Heather
   Tosh, Ronald E.
TI Time-resolved radiation beam profiles in water obtained by ultrasonic
   tomography
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMER GEL DOSIMETERS; THERMOMETRY
AB This paper presents a practical ultrasonic system for near real-time imaging of spatial temperature distributions in water caused by absorption of radiation. Initial testing with radiation from a highly attenuated infrared lamp demonstrates that the system is able to map sub-millikelvin temperature changes, thus making it suitable for characterizing dose profiles of therapy-level ionizing radiation beams. The system uses a fan-beam tomographic reconstruction algorithm to invert time-of-flight data derived from ultrasonic pulses produced and detected by a circular array of transducers immersed in water. Temperature dependence of the speed of sound in water permits the conversion of these measured two-dimensional velocity distributions into temperature distributions that indicate the absorbed radiation dose. The laboratory prototype, based on a 128-element transducer array, is used to acquire temperature maps of a 230 mm x 230 mm area every 4 s with sub-millikelvin resolution in temperature and about 5 mm resolution in space. Earlier measurements with a single-channel version of this prototype suggest refinements in signal-conditioning electronics and signal-processing algorithms that would allow the present instrument to resolve temperature changes as low as a few microkelvin. Possible applications include real-time intensity profiling of radiation beams and three-dimensional characterization of the absorbed dose.
C1 [Malyarenko, Eugene V.; Heyman, Joseph S.] Luna Innovat Inc, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA.
   [Chen-Mayer, H. Heather; Tosh, Ronald E.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Malyarenko, EV (reprint author), Tessonics Corp, 2019 Hazel St, Birmingham, MI 48009 USA.
EM evmaly@yahoo.com
FU NIST [SB1341-04-W-1127, SB1341-05-C-0025]
FX The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Bryan
   Hefner for electronics design and fabrication; to Dr Mark McKenna for
   acoustic lens suggestion; to David Coombs, Albert Sanford and Anjani
   Achanta for ultrasonic array fabrication.; This research has been
   supported by NIST contracts SB1341-04-W-1127 and SB1341-05-C-0025.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 3
BP 208
EP 218
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/011
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 596OZ
UT WOS:000277695900013
ER

PT J
AU Possolo, A
AF Possolo, Antonio
TI Copulas for uncertainty analysis
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID NEAREST CORRELATION MATRIX
AB Applying the Monte Carlo method for propagation of measurement uncertainty described in the Supplement 1 to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), when the input quantities are correlated, involves the specification of a joint probability distribution for these quantities. This applies equally whether the output quantity is a scalar or a vector. In practice, however, all that typically is available are probability distributions for the individual input quantities (their marginal distributions) and estimates of the correlations between them. Even though there are infinitely many joint distributions that are consistent with given marginal distributions and correlations, a method is needed to manufacture a particular one that may reasonably be used in practice. This paper explains how copulas may be used to this effect, illustrates their use in examples, including example H. 2 from the GUM, discusses the choice of copula and provides an algorithm to delineate minimum volume coverage regions for vectorial measurands.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Possolo, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 38
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 3
BP 262
EP 271
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/017
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 596OZ
UT WOS:000277695900019
ER

PT J
AU Cho, W
   Kim, T
   Char, K
   Soles, CL
AF Cho, Whirang
   Kim, Taehee
   Char, Kookheon
   Soles, Christopher L.
TI A facile method for the preferential alignment of mesochannels in silica
   films by solution flow
SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mesoporous thin film(s); Silica mesopore(s); Block copolymer
   template(s); Aligned mesochannel(s); Directional flow coating
ID MESOPOROUS SILICA; THIN-FILMS; ALIGNED MESOCHANNELS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS;
   GLASS SUBSTRATE; PORE STRUCTURES; SENSORS; PHOTOORIENTATION; HUMIDITY;
   GROWTH
AB We report a simple and one-step processing method to prepare mesoporous silica films with preferential alignment of cylindrical mesochannels during the condensation of TEOS in the presence of Pluronic P123 (EO(20)PO(70)EO(20), M(w) = 5800) triblock copolymer, employed as a structure-directing agent. The alignment of mesochannels in a mesoporous silica film is achieved by the directional solution flow without additional complex treatments on the substrate. It is shown that the hexagonal arrays of cylindrical mesopores are oriented parallel to the direction of solution flow when the film is thin enough (similar to 200 nm). Above the critical film thickness, the effect of the directional solution flow is not significant enough such that the orientation near the substrate does not propagate across the entire film, yielding the mixed orientation of mesochannels. In-plane and out-of-plane XRD measurements along with FE-SEM measurements were used to characterize the degree of alignment of mesochannels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cho, Whirang; Kim, Taehee; Char, Kookheon] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Funct Polymer Thin Films, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
   [Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Char, K (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Funct Polymer Thin Films, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, 599 Kwanakro, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
EM khchar@plaza.snu.ac.kr; csoles@nist.gov
FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) [R17-2007-059-01000-0];
   NANO Systems Institute - National Core Research Center
   [R15-2003-032-02002-0]; World Class University (WCU) [400-2008-0230];
   Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST); Korea Research
   Foundation (KRF) [BK21]
FX This work was financially supported by the Korea Science and Engineering
   Foundation (KOSEF) Grants through the Acceleration Research Program
   (R17-2007-059-01000-0), the NANO Systems Institute - National Core
   Research Center (R15-2003-032-02002-0), the World Class University (WCU)
   Program (400-2008-0230), the Brain Korea 21 Program funded by the
   Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST). W. Cho
   acknowledges the travel support from the Korea Research Foundation (KRF)
   Grant through the BK21 Global Internship Program. Authors also greatly
   acknowledge the kind assistance by Dr. J. Choi and Dr. H. Lee for
   scattering measurements at the 10C1 SAXS beamline (Pohang Light Source
   (PLS)) and useful discussions with Dr. S. Kwon at KRISS.
NR 39
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-1811
J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT
JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 131
IS 1-3
BP 136
EP 140
DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2009.12.013
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 582VI
UT WOS:000276627600018
ER

PT J
AU Ritchie, NWM
AF Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.
TI Using DTSA-II to Simulate and Interpret Energy Dispersive Spectra from
   Particles
SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE microanalysis; particle; Monte Carlo; simulation; spectrum imaging;
   X-ray
AB A high quality X-ray spectrum image of a 3.3 mu m diameter sphere of K411 glass resting on a copper substrate was collected at 25 keV. The same sample configuration was modeled using the NISTMonte Monte Carlo simulation of electron and X-ray transport as is integrated into the quantitative X-ray microanalysis software package DTSA-II. The distribution of measured and simulated X-ray intensity compare favorably for all the major lines present in the spectra. The simulation is further examined to investigate the influence of angle-of-incidence, sample thickness, and sample diameter on the generated and measured X-ray intensity. The distribution of generated X-rays is seen to deviate significantly from a naive model which assumes that the distribution of generated X-rays is similar to bulk within the volume they share in common. It is demonstrated that the angle at which the electron beam strikes the sample has nonnegligible consequences. It is also demonstrated that within the volume that the bulk and particle share in common that electrons, which have exited and later reentered the particle volume, generate a significant fraction of the X-rays. Any general model of X-ray generation in particles must take into account the lateral spread of the scattered electron beam.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ritchie, NWM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nicholas.ritchie@nist.gov
NR 6
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 6
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1431-9276
J9 MICROSC MICROANAL
JI Microsc. microanal.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 3
BP 248
EP 258
DI 10.1017/S1431927610000243
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy
SC Materials Science; Microscopy
GA 599HS
UT WOS:000277902600003
PM 20403232
ER

PT J
AU Pinsky, ML
   Newsome, SD
   Dickerson, BR
   Fang, Y
   Van Tuinen, M
   Kennett, DJ
   Ream, RR
   Hadly, EA
AF Pinsky, M. L.
   Newsome, S. D.
   Dickerson, B. R.
   Fang, Y.
   Van Tuinen, M.
   Kennett, D. J.
   Ream, R. R.
   Hadly, E. A.
TI Dispersal provided resilience to range collapse in a marine mammal:
   insights from the past to inform conservation biology
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ancient DNA; Approximate Bayesian Computation; Callorhinus ursinus;
   northern fur seal
ID STELLER SEA LIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE;
   NORTHERN FUR SEALS; POPULATION-GENETICS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS;
   EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; STOCK STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ANCIENT DNA
AB Population loss is often a harbinger of species extinction, but few opportunities exist to follow a species' demography and genetics through both time and space while this occurs. Previous research has shown that the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) was extirpated from most of its range over the past 200-800 years and that some of the extirpated populations had unique life history strategies. In this study, widespread availability of subfossils in the eastern Pacific allowed us to examine temporal changes in spatial genetic structure during massive population range contraction and partial recovery. We sequenced the mitochondrial control region from 40 ancient and 365 modern samples and analyzed them through extensive simulations within a serial Approximate Bayesian Computation framework. These analyses suggest that the species maintained a high abundance, probably in subarctic refugia, that dispersal rates are likely 85% per generation into new breeding colonies, and that population structure was not higher in the past. Despite substantial loss of breeding range, this species' high dispersal rates and refugia appear to have prevented a loss of genetic diversity. High dispersal rates also suggest that previous evidence for divergent life history strategies in ancient populations likely resulted from behavioral plasticity. Our results support the proposal that panmictic, or nearly panmictic, species with large ranges will be more resilient to future disturbance and environmental change. When appropriately verified, evidence of low population structure can be powerful information for conservation decision-making.
C1 [Pinsky, M. L.; Hadly, E. A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Newsome, S. D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
   [Dickerson, B. R.; Ream, R. R.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Fang, Y.; Van Tuinen, M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
   [Kennett, D. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
RP Pinsky, ML (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM mpinsky@stanford.edu
RI Kennett, Douglas/I-7613-2015; Pinsky, Malin/K-2884-2015
OI Kennett, Douglas/0000-0001-5133-9010; Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0550827]; NDSEG
FX We thank the following individuals and institutions for access to
   samples: R. Knecht (Museum of the Aleutians); E. Pillaert (University of
   Wisconsin Zoological Museum, Madison, WI); J. Bowchop (Makah Cultural
   and Research Center, Neah Bay, WA); D. Brauner (Oregon State University,
   Corvallis, OR); and T. Wake (University of California, Los Angeles, CA).
   C. Anderson provided insightful advice regarding ABC analyses. This work
   was funded in part by National Science Foundation grant OCE-0550827.
   Support for MLP came from a NDSEG Fellowship and a NSF Graduate Research
   Fellowship.
NR 67
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 23
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 12
BP 2418
EP 2429
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04671.x
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 608ZH
UT WOS:000278624000006
PM 20497323
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, JH
   Faulds, PL
   Atlas, WI
   Pess, GR
   Quinn, TP
AF Anderson, J. H.
   Faulds, P. L.
   Atlas, W. I.
   Pess, G. R.
   Quinn, T. P.
TI Selection on breeding date and body size in colonizing coho salmon,
   Oncorhynchus kisutch
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE behaviour; conservation; dams; natural selection; reintroduction; sexual
   selection
ID NEWLY ACCESSIBLE HABITAT; NATURAL-SELECTION; SEXUAL SELECTION; ATLANTIC
   SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION;
   SOCKEYE-SALMON; MATING SYSTEMS; MARINE GROWTH
AB Selection during the colonization of new habitat is critical to the process of local adaptation, but has rarely been studied. We measured the form, direction, and strength of selection on body size and date of arrival to the breeding grounds over the first three cohorts (2003-2005) of a coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) population colonizing 33 km of habitat made accessible by modification of Landsburg Diversion Dam, on the Cedar River, Washington, USA. Salmon were sampled as they bypassed the dam, parentage was assigned based on genotypes from 10 microsatellite loci, and standardized selection gradients were calculated using the number of returning adult offspring as the fitness metric. Larger fish in both sexes produced more adult offspring, and the magnitude of the effect increased in subsequent years for males, suggesting that low densities attenuated traditional size-biased intrasexual competition. For both sexes, directional selection favoured early breeders in 2003, but stabilizing selection on breeding date was observed in 2004 and 2005. Adults that arrived, and presumably bred, early produced stream-rearing juvenile offspring that were larger at a common date than offspring from later parents, providing a possible mechanism linking breeding date to offspring viability. Comparison to studies employing similar methodology indicated selection during colonization was strong, particularly with respect to reproductive timing. Finally, female mean reproductive success exceeded that needed for replacement in all years so the population expanded in the first generation, demonstrating that salmon can proficiently exploit vacant habitat.
C1 [Anderson, J. H.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Faulds, P. L.] Seattle Publ Util, Seattle, WA 98124 USA.
   [Atlas, W. I.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
   [Pess, G. R.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Anderson, JH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM joeander@u.washington.edu
FU Seattle Public Utilities; H. Mason Keeler Endowment; Washington Sea
   Grant
FX We thank David Chapin, Dwayne Paige, Heidy Barnett, Karl Burton, Bruce
   Bachen and Rand Little from Seattle Public Utilities for their ongoing
   support of salmon recolonization research on the Cedar River. John
   McDowell, Todd Bennett, Andrew Kingham, Dylan Galloway, Ranae Holland,
   Kris Kloehn, and Jeremy Cram helped collect samples. Todd Sea-mons and
   Stephanie Carlson provided thoughtful discussion and useful suggestions
   for analysis. Kerry Naish, Peter Kiffney, Martin Liermann, Phil Roni,
   and three anonymous reviewers gave helpful comments on earlier drafts of
   the manuscript. The H. Mason Keeler Endowment, Seattle Public Utilities
   and Washington Sea Grant funded significant portions of the research.
NR 62
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 12
BP 2562
EP 2573
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04652.x
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 608ZH
UT WOS:000278624000016
PM 20492523
ER

PT J
AU Bleck, R
   Benjamin, S
   Lee, J
   MacDonald, AE
AF Bleck, Rainer
   Benjamin, Stan
   Lee, Jin
   MacDonald, Alexander E.
TI On the Use of an Adaptive, Hybrid-Isentropic Vertical Coordinate in
   Global Atmospheric Modeling
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; WEATHER PREDICTION; SIGMA MODEL; NUMERICAL
   INVESTIGATIONS; DIFFERENCE SCHEME; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS
AB This article is one in a series describing the functionality of the Flow-Following, Finite-Volume Icosahedral Model (FIM) developed at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory. Emphasis in this article is on the design of the vertical coordinate-the "flow following" aspect of FIM. The coordinate is terrain-following near the ground and isentropic in the free atmosphere. The spatial transition between the two coordinates is adaptive and is based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) paradigm. The impact of vertical resolution trade-offs between the present hybrid approach and traditional terrain-following coordinates is demonstrated in a three-part case study.
C1 [Bleck, Rainer] NOAA, ESRL, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Bleck, Rainer] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
RP Bleck, R (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM rainer.bleck@noaa.gov
RI Bleck, Rainer/C-6417-2015; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Lee,
   JIN-LUEN/G-5364-2015
OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; 
NR 47
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 6
BP 2188
EP 2210
DI 10.1175/2009MWR3103.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 622QE
UT WOS:000279677500011
ER

PT J
AU Novak, DR
   Colle, BA
   Aiyyer, AR
AF Novak, David R.
   Colle, Brian A.
   Aiyyer, Anantha R.
TI Evolution of Mesoscale Precipitation Band Environments within the Comma
   Head of Northeast US Cyclones
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MOIST SYMMETRIC STABILITY; POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALIES; CONTINENTAL
   WINTER CYCLONE; UNITED-STATES; FRONTAL CIRCULATIONS; LIFE-CYCLE;
   POSITIVE CAPE; DECEMBER 1999; FRONTOGENESIS; INSTABILITY
AB This paper explores the mesoscale forcing and stability evolution of intense precipitation bands in the comma head sector of extratropical cyclones using the 32-km North American Regional Reanalysis, hourly 20-km Rapid Update Cycle analyses, and 2-km composite radar reflectivity data. A statistical and composite analysis of 36 banded events occurring during the 2002-08 cool seasons reveals a common cyclone evolution and associated band life cycle. A majority (61%) of banded events develop along the northern portion of a hook-shaped upper-level potential vorticity (PV) anomaly. During the 6 h leading up to band formation, lower-tropospheric frontogenesis nearly doubles and the conditional stability above the frontal zone is reduced. The frontogenesis increase is primarily due to changes in the kinematic flow associated with the development of a mesoscale geopotential height trough. This trough extends poleward of the 700-hPa low, and is the vertical extension of the surface warm front (and surface warm occlusion when present). The conditional stability near 500 hPa is reduced by differential horizontal potential temperature advection. During band formation, layers of conditional instability above the frontal zone are present nearly 3 times as often as layers of conditional symmetric instability. The frontogenetical forcing peaks during band maturity and is offset by an increase in conditional stability. Band dissipation occurs as the conditional stability continues to increase, and the frontogenesis weakens in response to changes in the kinematic flow.
   A set of 22 null events, in which band formation was absent in the comma head, were also examined. Although exhibiting similar synoptic patterns as the banded events, the null events were characterized by weaker frontogenesis. However, statistically significant differences between the midlevel frontogenesis maximum of the banded and null events only appear 2 h prior to band formation, illustrating the challenge of predicting band formation.
C1 [Novak, David R.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Aiyyer, Anantha R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Novak, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM david.novak@noaa.gov
RI Aiyyer, Anantha/A-4295-2012; 
OI Aiyyer, Anantha/0000-0002-9706-956X
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0705036]
FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers and David Schultz for
   insightful comments regarding this work. This study was supported in
   part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0705036 (Colic).
NR 51
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 6
BP 2354
EP 2374
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3219.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 622QE
UT WOS:000279677500019
ER

PT J
AU Colle, BA
   Novak, DR
AF Colle, Brian A.
   Novak, David R.
TI The New York Bight Jet: Climatology and Dynamical Evolution
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL JET; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-BREEZE; UPWELLING REGION;
   UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; NEW-ENGLAND; PART I; CITY; IMPACT
AB This paper describes the southerly New York Bight (NYB) jet (11-17 m s(-1)) that develops primarily during the warm season just above the surface offshore (cast) of the northern New Jersey coast and south of Long Island (the NYB). Observations from two offshore buoys are used to develop a 9-yr climatology of 134 jet events from 1997 to 2006. There is a seasonal maximum (2.5 events per month) during June and July, with a skew toward the spring months. The wind directions for the jet trace out a nearly elliptical orbit for the 24-h period around the time of jet maximum at similar to 2300 UTC [1900 eastern daylight time (EDT)] on average. Composites reveal that the NYB jet occurs on days with southwesterly synoptic How, and the jet is part of a larger-scale (200-300 km) wind enhancement offshore of the mid-Atlantic and northeast U.S. coasts during the early evening hours.
   High-resolution observations (surface mesonet, aircraft soundings, and a terminal Doppler weather radar) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations down to 1.33-km grid spacing are used to diagnose the evolution of the NYB jet on 2 June 2007. The NYB jet at similar to 150 m MSL occurs within the sloping marine inversion near the coast. Low-level trajectories illustrate low-level diffluence and weak subsidence within the jet. A WRF momentum budget highlights the evolving pressure gradient and accelerations during jet formation. The maximum jet winds occur 1-2 h after the peak meridional pressure gradient is established through a geostrophic adjustment process. Sensitivity experiments show that jet occurrence is dependent on diurnal heating and that the concave bend in the southern New Jersey coast limits the southern extent of the jet.
C1 [Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Novak, David R.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Colle, BA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM brian.colle@stonybrook.edu
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0705036]
FX We thank the forecast staff of the New York City Weather Forecast Office
   for initially raising our awareness of this phenomenon. Use of the WRF
   was made possible by the Microscale and Mesoscale Meteorological (MMM)
   Division of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which
   is supported by the National Science Foundation. This study was
   supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant
   ATM-0705036 (Colle).
NR 44
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 6
BP 2385
EP 2404
DI 10.1175/2009MWR3231.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 622QE
UT WOS:000279677500021
ER

PT J
AU Payne, CD
   Schuur, TJ
   MacGorman, DR
   Biggerstaff, MI
   Kuhlman, KM
   Rust, WD
AF Payne, Clark D.
   Schuur, Terry J.
   MacGorman, Donald R.
   Biggerstaff, Michael I.
   Kuhlman, Kristin M.
   Rust, W. David
TI Polarimetric and Electrical Characteristics of a Lightning Ring in a
   Supercell Storm
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID RIMING ELECTRIFICATION; RADAR SIGNATURES; THUNDERSTORMS; WSR-88D;
   EVOLUTION; DOPPLER; WEATHER; SYSTEM; STEPS
AB On 30 May 2004, a supercell storm was sampled Ova suite of instrumentation that had been deployed as part of the Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment (TELEX). The instrumentation included the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array (OK-LMA), the National Severe Storms Laboratory S-hand Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) polarimetric radar at Norman. Oklahoma. and two mobile C-band, Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radars (SMART-R). Combined, datasets collected by these instruments provided a unique opportunity to investigate the possible relationships among the supercell's kinematic, microphysical, and electrical characteristics. This study focuses on the evolution of a ring of lightning activity that formed near the main updraft at approximately 0012 UTC, matured near 0039 UTC, and collapsed near 0050 ETC. During this time period, an F2-intensity tornado occurred near the lightning-ring region. Lightning density contours computed over 1-km layers are overlaid on polarimetric and dual-Doppler data to assess the low- and midlevel kinematic and microphysical characteristics within the lightning-ring region. Results indicate that the lightning ring begins in the middle and upper levels of the precipitation-cascade region, which is characterized by inferred graupel. The second time period shows that the lightning source densities take on a horizontal u-shaped pattern that is collocated with midlevel differential reflectivity and correlation coefficient rings and with the strong cyclonic vertical vorticity noted in the dual-Doppler data. The final time period shows dissipation of the u-shaped pattern and the polarimetric signatures as well as an increase in the lightning activity at the lower levels associated with the development of the rear-flank downdraft (RFD) and the envelopment of the vertical vorticity maximum by the RFD.
C1 [Payne, Clark D.; Schuur, Terry J.; MacGorman, Donald R.; Kuhlman, Kristin M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Payne, Clark D.; Biggerstaff, Michael I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Payne, Clark D.; Schuur, Terry J.; MacGorman, Donald R.; Kuhlman, Kristin M.; Rust, W. David] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
   [Payne, Clark D.] Natl Weather Serv, Warning Decis Training Branch, Norman, OK USA.
RP Payne, CD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2640, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM clark.payne@noaa.gov
OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Biggerstaff,
   Michael/0000-0002-6690-784X
NR 46
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 6
BP 2405
EP 2425
DI 10.1175/2009MWR3210.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 622QE
UT WOS:000279677500022
ER

PT J
AU Stan, G
   Krylyuk, S
   Davydov, AV
   Cook, RF
AF Stan, G.
   Krylyuk, S.
   Davydov, A. V.
   Cook, R. F.
TI Compressive Stress Effect on the Radial Elastic Modulus of Oxidized Si
   Nanowires
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanowires; nanoscale elastic modulus; interface stress; contact
   resonance atomic force microscopy
ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; SELF-LIMITING
   OXIDATION; SILICON NANOWIRES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; SIO2/SI
   INTERFACE; STRAIN; FILMS; PERFORMANCE; LAYER
AB Detailed understanding and optimal control of the properties of Si nanowires are essential steps in developing Si nanoscale circuitry. In this work, we have investigated mechanical properties of as-grown and oxidized Si nanowires as a function of their diameter. From contact-resonance atomic force microscopy measurements, the effect of the compressive stress at the Si-SiO(2) interface was revealed in the diameter dependence of the elastic modulus of Si nanowires oxidized at 900 and 1000 degrees C. A modified core shell model that includes the interface stress developed during oxidation captures the diameter dependence observed in the measured elastic moduli of these oxidized Si nanowires. The values of strain and stress as well as the width of the stressed transition region at the Si-SiO(2) interface agree with those reported in simulations and experiments.
C1 [Stan, G.; Cook, R. F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Krylyuk, S.; Davydov, A. V.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311
NR 48
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 22
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 6
BP 2031
EP 2037
DI 10.1021/nl100062n
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 606TB
UT WOS:000278449200010
PM 20433162
ER

PT J
AU Osborn, MF
   Matlock, GC
AF Osborn, Maury F.
   Matlock, Gary C.
TI Recall Bias in a Sportfishing Mail Survey
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB Information on sportfishing activity is often collected through mail and telephone surveys. These surveys may rely on a respondent's memories of a previous year's activity, which are subject to recall errors. Limited research has been conducted to quantify the possible bias caused by recall periods less than 1 year. Data from a 1982 mail survey of registered Texas boat owners were used to determine whether estimated saltwater sport boat fishing effort differed based on recall periods of 1 month and 1 year. The mean annual number of days of saltwater fishing per registered boat owner was statistically similar for the two recall periods although variances were statistically different. However, the number of days of saltwater fishing was about 7.5 times higher for coastal county residents than for inland county residents. The pattern of use among boat access types and fishing areas was generally similar between coastal and inland county residents within each recall period. However, the estimated number of days each access type was used and the reported number of days each area was fished were significantly different between the two recall periods. Saltwater fishing participation estimates based on a 1-year recall could be adjusted using the relationship between the two recall periods to improve accuracy and precision of estimates and to reduce sampling costs. Fisheries managers could more effectively monitor changes in fishing activity for possible development of forecasting models.
C1 [Matlock, Gary C.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Osborn, Maury F.] Atlantic Coastal Cooperat Stat Program, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
RP Matlock, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Gary.C.Matlock@noaa.gov
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 3
BP 665
EP 670
DI 10.1577/M09-196.1
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 625HB
UT WOS:000279885000005
ER

PT J
AU Music, PA
   Hawkes, JP
   Cooperman, MS
AF Music, Paul A.
   Hawkes, James P.
   Cooperman, Michael S.
TI Magnitude and Causes of Smolt Mortality in Rotary Screw Traps: an
   Atlantic Salmon Case Study
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID BROWN TROUT; SALAR; MIGRATION; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; TELEMETRY;
   ESTUARY; STREAMS; RIVER; WILD
AB Rotary screw traps (RSTs) are commonly used for collecting and holding fish swimming downstream. We used these traps to collect Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts from multiple rivers draining to the Gulf of Maine from 1996 to 2008. Limited prior evaluations suggest that RSTs cause only minimal mortality, but detailed evaluation of the potential for negative impacts specific to Atlantic salmon and other smolts has not occurred. There are concerns that RSTs contribute to smolt mortality via physical injury during collection or via exposure to stressful holding conditions within RST live-cars. We evaluated the magnitude and causes of mortality associated with our use of RSTs and recorded the water temperatures and velocities present within the live-cars at the times smolts were moving downstream. Of the 24,675 Atlantic salmon smolts collected, 48 (0.2%) were classified as trap-caused mortalities. The most frequent causes of death were physical injuries associated with the clogging of traps with debris and overcrowding of the live-cars. Water velocities within the live-cars ranged from 0.09 to 0.57 m/s, and mean velocities never exceeded the published tolerance limits for Atlantic salmon smolts. The seasonal water temperatures within the live-cars (range, 4.2-20.88 degrees C) were not significantly different from those of the water columns (4.3-21.08 degrees C) adjacent to the traps. Our analysis suggests that, under typical operations, RSTs represent a minimal threat to Atlantic salmon smolts, and we present methods to further reduce the risk.
C1 [Music, Paul A.; Hawkes, James P.; Cooperman, Michael S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA.
RP Music, PA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA.
EM paul.music@noaa.gov
NR 45
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 9
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
EI 1548-8675
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 3
BP 713
EP 722
DI 10.1577/M09-181.1
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 625HB
UT WOS:000279885000010
ER

PT J
AU Winans, GA
   Baird, MC
   Baker, J
AF Winans, Gary A.
   Baird, Melissa C.
   Baker, Jon
TI A Genetic and Phenetic Baseline before the Recolonization of Steelhead
   above Howard Hanson Dam, Green River, Washington
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; RESIDENT
   RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY FORMS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE;
   BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MICROSATELLITE
   LOCI; HATCHERY PROGRAMS
AB In 2011, steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout) will be systematically transported above Howard Hanson Dam, Green River, Washington. We are interested in providing data to help manage the stock of fish that are selected to recolonize the upper river and to track how resident rainbow trout above the dam respond genetically after 80 years of isolation. We characterized relevant gene pools in the upper Green River before fish transportation with 11 microsatellite loci to evaluate the genetic variability within and among collections. We also examined morphometric and coloration patterns as potential indicators of adaptive variation. Hatchery steelhead are clearly different from wild steelhead (F(ST) = 0.037); genetic assignment tests correctly distinguished 91% of the steelhead. While there was no reduction in the amount of genetic variability in the resident rainbow trout above Howard Hanson Dam compared with that of wild steelhead collections below the dam, the two groups had low but statistically significant differences (F ST 0.03). The transport of juvenile and adult steelhead above the dam in the last 20 years may have affected these genetic results. Two collections of hatchery rainbow trout were highly differentiated from all other collections, and a STRUCTURE analysis indicated that there was no introgression of their genes into Green River fish. Morphologically, significant differences were seen between juvenile resident rainbow trout and steelhead. Resident trout had a stout caudal peduncle and more parr marks, whereas juvenile steelhead had a more elongate tail and fewer parr marks. Given these genetic and phenetic measures of differentiation, managers can monitor and screen the upstream passage of steelhead, and will be able evaluate the level of participation of resident rainbow trout gene pools in the recolonization event.
C1 [Winans, Gary A.; Baird, Melissa C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Baker, Jon] Frank Orth & Associates, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA.
RP Winans, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM gary.winans@noaa.gov
NR 61
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 3
BP 742
EP 756
DI 10.1577/M09-119.1
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 625HB
UT WOS:000279885000013
ER

PT J
AU Matlock, GC
AF Matlock, Gary C.
TI Did the Texas Closure Increase Brown Shrimp Catches off Texas?
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID GALVESTON BAY; FISHERY; GULF
AB The annual catch of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus off Texas is forecasted by the National Marine Fisheries Service using a model that relates spring (April-June) juvenile abundance in Galveston Bay to subsequent offshore catch (July to the following June). The model is not well documented, nor has it been used rigorously to examine the success of management actions in enhancing the fishery. State and federal agencies use an areal closure of Gulf of Mexico waters deeper than 4 fathoms from late May to early July to increase shrimp abundance, catch, and value by delaying the harvest of emigrating juvenile shrimp. This study reports a preclosure (1960-1980) regression that explained over 70% of the variation in offshore Texas catches as a function of the juvenile abundance index from Galveston Bay. Positive effects of the closure-in terms of increasing the catch for a given level of juvenile abundance in 1981-2007 were not found in this study. However, the utility of the relationship between the juvenile abundance index and catch as a forecasting tool continued through 2007, but with less precision than in the preclosure regression.
C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Matlock, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM gary.c.matlock@noaa.gov
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 3
BP 799
EP 804
DI 10.1577/M09-177.1
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 625HB
UT WOS:000279885000018
ER

PT J
AU Chittaro, PM
   Klinger, T
   Telmer, K
   Sanborn, M
   Morgan, L
AF Chittaro, Paul M.
   Klinger, Terrie
   Telmer, Kevin
   Sanborn, Michael
   Morgan, Lance
TI Using Otolith Chemistry to Investigate Population Structure of Quillback
   Rockfish in Puget Sound
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FISH OTOLITHS; SEBASTES-AURICULATUS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CONNECTIVITY;
   VARIABILITY; ISOTOPES; PATTERNS; MALIGER; CORES; REEF
AB We assess the potential of using otolith chemistry to differentiate quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger) within Puget Sound, Washington, where two distinct population segments (DPS) have been identified. Using opportunistic collections (1993-2003) of quillback rockfish (n=77: age range of 2-65 yrs.) we first sought to determine whether fish from different sites and regions could be differentiated based on the trace elemental concentrations at the edge of their otoliths (i.e., the chemical record of the fish's recent history). Results of our quadratic discriminant function analysis (QDFA) indicated significant spatial variability for fish collected at relatively large (regions) and small (sites) spatial scales. Specifically, fish collected from regions in 2002 (San Juan Islands and southern Puget Sound) and 2003 (eastern and western Strait of Juan de Fuca) were correctly classified with 100% and 65% accuracy (based on jack-knife classification), respectively, while fish collected from sites in 1998 (Mukilteo and Foulweather) were classified with 100% accuracy. We also investigated whether we could differentiate fish that were collected from different DPS and regions by using elemental concentrations from their whole otolith (which represents environmental information over the lifetime of a fish). Results from the QDFAs indicated relatively high classification success (80%) when comparing fish collected from either different DPS (i.e., Northern Puget Sound and Puget Sound Proper DPS) or regions (i.e., western and eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca). Findings from this study highlight the value of otolith chemistry in the study of population structure of quillback rockfish in Puget Sound.
C1 [Chittaro, Paul M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Klinger, Terrie] Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Telmer, Kevin] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
   [Sanborn, Michael] AECOM, Victoria, BC V8T 2W1, Canada.
   [Morgan, Lance] Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA.
RP Chittaro, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Paul.Chittaro@noaa.gov
FU SeaDoc Society; Russell Family Foundation
FX We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their help
   improving this manuscript and the following people for their assistance
   in the development of this manuscript; K. Andrews, G. Williams, I.
   Kaplan, P. Levin, C. Harvey, N. Tolimieri, J. Samhouri, R. Zabel, and K.
   Hogan. Collections used in this study were generously provided by W.
   Palsson, J. West, and L. Yamanaka. Funding was provided by SeaDoc
   Society and The Russell Family Foundation. Use of trade names does not
   imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
NR 36
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 21
U2 46
PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC
PI SEATTLE
PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE,
   WA 98115 USA
SN 0029-344X
EI 2161-9859
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SUM
PY 2010
VL 84
IS 3
BP 243
EP 254
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 652VU
UT WOS:000282039700004
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, SW
   Thedinga, JF
   Neff, AD
   Harris, PM
   Lindeberg, MR
   Maselko, JM
   Rice, SD
AF Johnson, Scott W.
   Thedinga, John F.
   Neff, A. Darcie
   Harris, Patricia M.
   Lindeberg, Mandy R.
   Maselko, Jacek M.
   Rice, Stanley D.
TI Fish Assemblages in Nearshore Habitats of Prince William Sound, Alaska
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; SHALLOW-WATER HABITATS; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE
   SUCCESS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; CLUPEA-PALLASI; NORTHERN GULF; PACIFIC;
   COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE
AB We sampled fish at eight locations in western Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, in April, July, and September 2006, and July 2007, to identify species assemblages and habitat use. At each location, fish were sampled with a 37-m long variable mesh beach seine in three nearshore habitats: bedrock outcrops, eelgrass meadows, and cobble beaches with kelp. A total of 49,060 fish representing 45 species were captured in 95 beach seine hauls. Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE, all species) did not differ by season but did differ by habitat type CPUE was greater in eelgrass and kelp than in bedrock. Seasonal pulses in catch were evident for some species; pink salmon were captured only in spring and summer, Pacific herring only in summer and fall, and capelin only in fall. Species richness was greater in summer (34) than in spring (23) or fall (28), and greater in eelgrass (34) than in bedrock (22) or kelp (33). Species that were good discriminators among seasonal collections were pink salmon, saffron cod, crescent gunnel, and Pacific herring, whereas species that were good discriminators among habitat collections were crescent gunnel, tubesnout, bay pipefish, saffron cod, and Arctic shanny. Of the most abundant species captured, most were juveniles based on estimated size at maturity. The summer fish assemblage in western PWS has changed over the last 20 years, especially with the appearance in large numbers of saffron cod. Sites in this study can be monitored periodically to track future changes in fish assemblages and habitat that may result from local and regional human disturbance.
C1 [Johnson, Scott W.; Thedinga, John F.; Neff, A. Darcie; Harris, Patricia M.; Lindeberg, Mandy R.; Maselko, Jacek M.; Rice, Stanley D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Johnson, SW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM scott.johnson@noaa.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board [249]; NOAA
FX We thank the crews of the RV Solstice and RV Pandalus for their
   invaluable support at sea. We would especially like to thank Matthew
   Eagleton of the NMFS regional office in Anchorage for providing
   logistical support. We also thank Dugan Greenwell. Kris Holderied, John
   Hudson, Sarah Lyn McConahay, John Moran, Sue Saupe, Fletcher Sewall, and
   Ash win Sreenivasan for help with field and laboratory work. Funding for
   this research was provided by the North Pacific Research Board
   (Publication 249) and the NOAA Fisheries Essential Fish Habitat Program.
   Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National
   Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
NR 44
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 5
U2 21
PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV
PI PULLMAN
PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SUM
PY 2010
VL 84
IS 3
BP 266
EP 280
PG 15
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 652VU
UT WOS:000282039700006
ER

PT J
AU Reid, DP
   Stennett, MC
   Ravel, B
   Woicik, JC
   Peng, N
   Maddrell, ER
   Hyatt, NC
AF Reid, D. P.
   Stennett, M. C.
   Ravel, B.
   Woicik, J. C.
   Peng, N.
   Maddrell, E. R.
   Hyatt, N. C.
TI The structure of ion beam amorphised zirconolite studied by grazing
   angle X-ray absorption spectroscopy
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 19th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis
CY SEP 07-11, 2009
CL Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND
HO Univ Cambridge
DE Grazing angle; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Ion beam irradiation;
   Zirconolite; Radioactive waste
ID PU-SUBSTITUTED ZIRCONOLITE; K-EDGE XANES; TI; COORDINATION; PLUTONIUM;
   EXAFS
AB Ti K edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was applied to determine the Ti co-ordination environment in the surface amorphised layer formed on zirconolite ceramics by 2 MeV Kr(+) irradiation, to a fluence of 5 x 10(15) ions cm(-2). The application of XAS in a grazing angle geometry was demonstrated to be essential in order to probe only the surface damaged layer (<1000 nm thick), in isolation of the undamaged interior of the specimen. 2 MeV Kr(+) irradiation induced a change in the Ti co-ordination environment from majority six fold to majority five fold in the amorphised surface layer. This finding is consistent with the formation of five fold Ti in metamict natural zirconolite, as reported previously and confirmed in this study, despite the difference in dose rate of at least 10(12) between ion beam irradiated and naturally metamict materials. This study therefore opens the door to systematic investigation of composition - structure - property relations in materials designed for radioactive waste immobilisation, through the combined application of ion beam irradiation and grazing angle XAS. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Reid, D. P.; Stennett, M. C.; Hyatt, N. C.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Immobilisat Sci Lab, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
   [Ravel, B.; Woicik, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Peng, N.] Univ Surrey, Nodus Lab, Surrey Ion Beam Ctr, Surrey GU2 7XH, England.
   [Maddrell, E. R.] Natl Nucl Lab, Seascale CA20 1PG, Cumbria, England.
RP Hyatt, NC (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Immobilisat Sci Lab, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
EM n.c.hyatt@shef.ac.uk
RI Peng, Nianhua/B-2981-2010; 
OI Hyatt, Neil/0000-0002-2491-3897
NR 23
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 268
IS 11-12
BP 1847
EP 1852
DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.026
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 610AW
UT WOS:000278702300034
ER

PT J
AU Iskandar, I
   Sasaki, H
   Sasai, Y
   Masumoto, Y
   Mizuno, K
AF Iskandar, Iskhaq
   Sasaki, Hideharu
   Sasai, Yoshikazu
   Masumoto, Yukio
   Mizuno, Keisuke
TI A numerical investigation of eddy-induced chlorophyll bloom in the
   southeastern tropical Indian Ocean during Indian Ocean Dipole-2006
SO OCEAN DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Chlorophyll-a; Upwelling; Coupled physical-biological model; Indian
   Ocean Dipole; Southeastern tropical Indian Ocean
ID VARIABILITY; MODEL; JAVA
AB An eddy-resolving coupled physical-biological model is used to study the effect of cyclonic eddy in enhancing offshore chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) bloom in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean during boreal summer-fall 2006. The results demonstrate that the offshore Chl-a blooms are markedly coincident with the high eddy kinetic energy. Moreover, the vertical variations in Chl-a, nitrate, temperature, and mixed-layer depth (MLD) strongly imply that the cyclonic eddies induce surface Chl-a bloom through the injection of nutrient-rich water into the upper layer. Interestingly, we found that the surface bloom only occurs when the deep Chl-a maximum is located within the MLD. On the other hand, the response of subsurface Chl-a to the eddy pumping is remarkable, although it is hardly observable at the surface.
C1 [Iskandar, Iskhaq] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Iskandar, Iskhaq; Sasai, Yoshikazu; Masumoto, Yukio; Mizuno, Keisuke] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
   [Sasaki, Hideharu] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Earth Simulator Ctr, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
   [Masumoto, Yukio] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan.
RP Iskandar, I (reprint author), NOAA PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Iskhaq.Iskandar@noaa.gov
RI Iskandar, Iskhaq/A-2813-2011; MASUMOTO, YUKIO/G-5021-2014; 英治,
   佐々木/G-2247-2016; 
OI Iskandar, Iskhaq/0000-0002-9253-4821; Sasaki,
   Hideharu/0000-0003-0657-7532
FU JAMSTEC; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
FX SeaWiFS chlorophyll data are courtesy of the NOAA CoastWatch Program,
   NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Iskhaq Iskandar would like to thank
   Prof. Toshio Yamagata for his encouragements and invaluable guidance
   during the author's early career and for his continued interest in the
   author's personal and professional growth. The authors would like to
   thank Dr. A. Ishida for his help in preparing the OFES output. The OFES
   simulations were conducted on the Earth Simulator under the support of
   JAMSTEC. Iskhaq Iskandar carried out part of the work while on the Japan
   Society for the Promotion of Science postdoctoral fellowship.
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1616-7341
J9 OCEAN DYNAM
JI Ocean Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 3
SI SI
BP 731
EP 742
DI 10.1007/s10236-010-0290-6
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 616NX
UT WOS:000279217200020
ER

PT J
AU Eder, B
AF Eder, Bob
TI Navigating the Public Process: Engaging Stakeholders in Wave Energy
   Development
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Eder, Bob] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Eder, Bob] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Eder, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM 1roberteder@gmail.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 2
SI SI
BP 106
EP 107
PG 2
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 598YT
UT WOS:000277876800019
ER

PT J
AU Charette, MA
   Smith, WHF
AF Charette, Matthew A.
   Smith, Walter H. F.
TI The Volume of Earth's Ocean
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
AB Despite playing a significant role in the global water cycle, ocean volume has not been re-examined in over 25 years. The main uncertainty associated with ocean volume is the mean ocean depth. The earliest studies tended to overestimate ocean depth due to undersampling of seamounts and ocean ridges. The advent of the echosounder in the 1920s and subsequent ship-borne technologies rapidly increased aerial coverage of the ocean; hence, over time there has been a gradual decrease in calculated mean ocean depth. Today, however, in situ measurements span only similar to 10% of the ocean's surface area. Here, we use satellite altimetry data to estimate the ocean's volume, which is lower by a volume equivalent to 500 times the Great Lakes or five times the Gulf of Mexico when compared to the most recent published estimates.
C1 [Charette, Matthew A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Smith, Walter H. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Charette, MA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM mcharette@whoi.edu
RI Charette, Matthew/I-9495-2012; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010
OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X
FU Earth Water Institute
FX This work was funded in part by the Earth Water Institute
   (http://www.earthwaterinstitute.org) in concert with the institute's
   ongoing Global Water Audit. Dave Sandwell and General Bathymetric Chart
   of the Oceans (GEBCO) are kindly acknowledged for making the bathymetry
   grid available for free download. The contents are solely the opinions
   of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or
   position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government.
NR 9
TC 30
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 14
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 2
SI SI
BP 112
EP 114
PG 3
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 598YT
UT WOS:000277876800023
ER

PT J
AU Lubchenco, J
   Petes, LE
AF Lubchenco, Jane
   Petes, Laura E.
TI The Interconnected Biosphere: Science at the Ocean's Tipping Points
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FRAMEWORK; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; MARINE
   RESERVES; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; RESILIENCE;
   SUSTAINABILITY; POLICY; FUTURE
AB Advances in social and natural sciences provide hope for new approaches to restore the bounty and resilience of ocean ecosystems. From new interdisciplinary approaches and conceptual frameworks, to new tools such as catch shares, ecosystem-based management, marine spatial planning, and marine reserves-to new insights into strategies for adapting to the impacts of climate change and designing resilient and effective institutions, new knowledge is beginning to inform policies and practices. This decade is a pivotal one for the future of the ocean. The confluence of local, regional, and global changes in the ocean driven by stressors, including nutrient pollution, habitat loss, overfishing, and climate change and ocean acidification is rapidly transforming many once bountiful and resilient ocean ecosystems into depleted or disrupted systems. Degraded ecosystems cannot provide key ecosystem services, such as production of seafood, protection of coastlines from severe storms and tsunamis, capture of carbon, and provision of places for recreation. The accelerating pace of change presents daunting challenges for communities, businesses, nations, and the global community to make a transition toward more sustainable practices and policies. In this paper, we highlight new interdisciplinary approaches, tools, and insights that offer hope for recovering the bounty and beauty of the ocean and the ongoing benefits that they provide to people.
C1 [Lubchenco, Jane; Petes, Laura E.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Washington, DC USA.
RP Lubchenco, J (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Program Off, Washington, DC USA.
EM jane.lubchenco@noaa.gov; laura.petes@noaa.gov
NR 77
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U1 1
U2 33
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 2
SI SI
BP 115
EP 129
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 598YT
UT WOS:000277876800024
ER

PT J
AU Berglund, AJ
   McMahon, MD
   McClelland, JJ
   Liddle, JA
AF Berglund, Andrew J.
   McMahon, Matthew D.
   McClelland, Jabez J.
   Liddle, J. Alexander
TI Theoretical model of errors in micromirror-based three-dimensional
   particle tracking
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID VIDEO MICROSCOPY; SYSTEM
AB Several recently developed particle-tracking and imaging methods have achieved three-dimensional sensitivity through the introduction of angled micromirrors into the observation volume of an optical microscope. We model the imaging response of such devices and show how the direct and reflected images of a fluorescent particle are affected. In particle-tracking applications, asymmetric image degradation manifests itself as systematic tracking errors. Based on our results, we identify strategies for reducing systematic errors to the 10 nm level in practical applications.
C1 [Berglund, Andrew J.; McMahon, Matthew D.; McClelland, Jabez J.; Liddle, J. Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Berglund, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andrew.berglund@nist.gov
RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; McMahon, Matthew/F-2986-2013; McClelland,
   Jabez/A-2358-2015
OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965
NR 21
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 11
BP 1905
EP 1907
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 603TG
UT WOS:000278230400061
PM 20517457
ER

PT J
AU Kramer, RH
   Zammarano, M
   Linteris, GT
   Gedde, UW
   Gilman, JW
AF Kramer, R. H.
   Zammarano, M.
   Linteris, G. T.
   Gedde, U. W.
   Gilman, J. W.
TI Heat release and structural collapse of flexible polyurethane foam
SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Polyurethane; Flexible; Foam; Heat release; Melt dripping; Combustion
ID MOLAR GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; COMBUSTION;
   FLAMMABILITY; CALORIMETER; DEGRADATION; PLASTICS; POLYMER
AB Flexible polyurethane foam used in upholstered furniture remains one of the major fire hazards to date. The heat release rate of burning items made of foam depends strongly on the foam's physical behavior, notably its collapse to a burning liquid that can result in a pool fire. In this contribution, the cone calorimeter was used to study the physical processes and to determine their influence on foam combustion over a range of external heat fluxes. The initial stage of foam collapse can be described as the propagation of a liquid pyrolysis layer through the foam sample. The rate of propagation of the liquid layer was found to depend strongly on the convective heat transfer from the flame, which simultaneously defined and depended on the sample shape. The effective heat of combustion during foam collapse and pool fire was matched to the heat release potential of the components of the foam formulation to deduce which are consumed. The proposed analysis can serve to clarify the mechanism of flame retardant action, as demonstrated for a commercial brominated-phosphorous compound. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kramer, R. H.; Gedde, U. W.] Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
   [Zammarano, M.; Linteris, G. T.; Gilman, J. W.] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kramer, RH (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
EM rkramer@kth.se
FU ELFORSK [35001]; FORMAS [243-2004-1748]
FX Financial support by ELFORSK (contract number 35001) and FORMAS
   (contract number 243-2004-1748) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors
   would like to express special thanks to Dr. Tom Ohlemiller, Mr. John
   Randy Shields and Mr. Dick Harris for their advice and support.
NR 30
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U1 3
U2 40
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-3910
J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL
JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 95
IS 6
BP 1115
EP 1122
DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.02.019
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 610RA
UT WOS:000278750800027
ER

PT J
AU Westbrook, KK
   Castro, F
   Long, KN
   Slifka, AJ
   Qi, HJ
AF Westbrook, Kristofer K.
   Castro, Francisco
   Long, Kevin N.
   Slifka, Andrew J.
   Qi, H. Jerry
TI Improved testing system for thermomechanical experiments on polymers
   using uniaxial compression equipment
SO POLYMER TESTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Thermomechanical behaviors; Finite deformation; Uniaxial compression
   tests; Polymer testing
ID SHAPE-MEMORY POLYMERS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE; NETWORKS;
   NANOCOMPOSITES
AB This paper presents an improved testing system for isothermal and thermal-cycling experiments of polymers in compression. Due to the low thermal conductivity of polymers and the high thermal mass of commercially available compression platens, significant problems arise: large differences between the prescribed and polymer temperature, temperature variation through the sample and a slow temperature response are observed. Here, in experiments performed on an acrylic network polymer, the largest temperature difference between the core of the cylindrical compression samples (10 mm diameter/height) and the prescribed air temperature reaches 20.7 degrees C and 64.8 degrees C when respective cooling/heating rates of 1 degrees C/min and 10 degrees C/min are used. Based on the analysis of the existing system, an improved compression platen design for thermal management that provides a faster temperature response and a more uniform sample temperature distribution is proposed. The peak temperature difference was reduced to 4.5 degrees C at a cooling/heating rate of 10 degrees C/min using the improved testing system. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Westbrook, Kristofer K.; Castro, Francisco; Long, Kevin N.; Qi, H. Jerry] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Slifka, Andrew J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Qi, HJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM qih@colorado.edu
RI Qi, H. Jerry/C-1588-2009
FU NSF [CMMI-0645219]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
   Phase II STTR [W31PQ-08-C-0011]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0195]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from a NSF career award
   (CMMI-0645219), a grant from Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
   (DARPA) Phase II STTR (W31PQ-08-C-0011), and an AFOSR grant
   (FA9550-09-1-0195). Discussions with Professor Ronggui Yang are
   gratefully appreciated.
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9418
J9 POLYM TEST
JI Polym. Test
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 503
EP 512
DI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.02.011
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science
SC Materials Science; Polymer Science
GA 604NS
UT WOS:000278286300013
ER

PT J
AU Black, DR
   Windover, D
   Henins, A
   Gil, D
   Filliben, J
   Cline, JP
AF Black, David R.
   Windover, Donald
   Henins, Albert
   Gil, David
   Filliben, James
   Cline, James P.
TI Certification of NIST Standard Reference Material 640d
SO POWDER DIFFRACTION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 58th Annual Denver X-ray Conference
CY JUL 27-31, 2009
CL Colorado Springs, CO
DE standard reference material; X-ray diffraction; certification; lattice
   parameter; silicon
ID RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTOMETER; AXIAL DIVERGENCE; REFINEMENT; PARAMETERS;
   SILICON
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certifies a variety of standard reference materials (SRM) to address specific aspects of instrument performance for divergent beam diffractometers. This paper describes SRM 640d, the fifth generation of this powder diffraction SRM, which is certified with respect to the lattice parameter. It consists of approximately 7.5 g silicon powder specially prepared to produce strain-free particles in a size range between 1 and 10 mu m to eliminate size-broadening effects. It is typically used for calibrating powder diffractometers for the line position and line shape. A NIST built diffractometer, incorporating many advanced design features, was used to certify the lattice parameter of the silicon powder measured at 22.5 degrees C. Both type A, statistical, and type B. systematic, errors have been assigned to yield a certified value for the lattice parameter of a = 0.543 159 +/- 0.000 020 nm. (C) 2010 Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. [DOI: 10.1154/1.3409482]
C1 [Black, David R.; Windover, Donald; Henins, Albert; Gil, David; Filliben, James; Cline, James P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Black, DR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.black@nist.gov
NR 18
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U1 1
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PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA
PI NEWTOWN SQ
PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA
SN 0885-7156
J9 POWDER DIFFR
JI Powder Diffr.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 2
BP 187
EP 190
DI 10.1154/1.3409482
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 610FZ
UT WOS:000278718400021
ER

PT J
AU Stabeno, P
   Napp, J
   Mordy, C
   Whitledge, T
AF Stabeno, Phyllis
   Napp, Jeffrey
   Mordy, Calvin
   Whitledge, Terry
TI Factors influencing physical structure and lower trophic levels of the
   eastern Bering Sea shelf in 2005: Sea ice, tides and winds
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
DE Bering Sea; Ocean temperature; Zooplankton; Nutrients; Advection;
   Stratification
ID INNER FRONT; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
   CALANUS-MARSHALLAE; SOUTHEASTERN; ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE; POPULATIONS;
   NUTRIENTS; ABUNDANCE
AB In spring and fall 2005, cross- and along-shelf transects were sampled to evaluate the influence of physical forcing, including sea ice, tides, and winds, on the lower trophic levels of the Bering Sea ecosystem. The hydrography, nutrients, chlorophyll, and zooplankton abundance and species composition were all affected by the presence or absence of sea ice on a north-south transect along the 70-m isobath. In May, shelf waters between similar to 59 degrees N and 62 degrees N were cold and relatively fresh, and benthic invertebrate larvae and chaetognaths were a significant fraction of the zooplankton community, while to the south the water was warmer, saltier, and the zooplankton community was dominated by copepods. The position of the transition between ice-affected and ice-free portions of the shelf was consistent among temperature, salinity, nutrients, and oxygen. This transition in the hydrographic variables persisted through the summer, but it shifted similar to 150 km northward as the season progressed. While a transition also occurred in zooplankton species composition, it was farther north than the physical/chemical transition and did not persist through the summer. Mooring data demonstrated that the change in the position of the transition in physical and chemical properties was due to northward or eastward advection of water onto and across the shelf. From south to north along the 70-m isobath, tidal energy decreased, resulting in a less sharply stratified water column on the northern portion of the middle shelf, as opposed to a well-defined, two-layered system in the southern portion. This more gradual stratification in the north permitted a greater response to mixing from winds, which were homogeneous from north to south. Thus the physical and biological structure at any one location over the middle shelf is dynamic over the course of a year, and results from a combination of in situ processes and climate-mediated regional forcing which is dominated in most years by sea ice. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Stabeno, Phyllis] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Napp, Jeffrey] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Mordy, Calvin] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Whitledge, Terry] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Stabeno, P (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Program;
   North Pacific Research Board [517, 602, 701]
FX We thank D. Rachel and N. Kachel for data analysis and S. Salo for
   providing satellite images. S. Salo, D. Kachel, P. Proctor, A. Jenkins,
   J. Clark, K. Mier, R. Cartwright, W. Floering, C. DeWitt, D. Righi, M.
   Dunlap, S. Smith, S. Thornton, and B. Munger provided assistance at sea
   and were responsible for collecting the majority of our data. C. Harpold
   provided assistance with chlorophyll sample analyses, and chlorophyll
   and zooplankton data management. We thank K. Coyle and G.L. Hunt Jr. for
   their comments on an early draft of this paper. K. Birchfield and K.
   McKinney provided graphics work and R.L. Whitney did the technical
   editing. We thank the officers and crews of the NOAA ship Miller Freeman
   and R/V Thomas G. Thompson for invaluable assistance in making these
   oceanographic measurements. This research was funded by NOAA's North
   Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Program and the North
   Pacific Research Board (Grants: #517, 602, 701). This is contribution
   FOCI-N688 to the Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated
   Investigations; 181.3 to Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere
   and Ocean, University of Washington, and 3197 to PMEL.
NR 58
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 85
IS 3-4
BP 180
EP 196
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.02.010
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 614UQ
UT WOS:000279085700003
ER

PT J
AU Gillis, KA
   Havey, DK
   Hodges, JT
AF Gillis, K. A.
   Havey, D. K.
   Hodges, J. T.
TI Standard photoacoustic spectrometer: Model and validation using O-2
   A-band spectra
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID VIBRATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; SPECTROSCOPIC
   DATABASE; WAVELENGTH MODULATION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LINE
   SHAPES; CAVITY RING; FREQUENCY; CALIBRATION
AB We model and measure the absolute response of an intensity-modulated photoacoustic spectrometer comprising a 10 cm long resonator and having a Q-factor of approximately 30. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the system and predict its response as a function of gas properties, resonance frequency, and sample energy transfer relaxation rates. We use a low-power continuous wave laser to probe O-2 A-band absorption transitions using atmospheric, humidified air as the sample gas to calibrate the system. This approach provides a convenient and well-characterized method for calibrating the absolute response of the system provided that water-vapor-mediated relaxation effects are properly taken into account. We show that for photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) of the O-2 A-band, the maximum conversion efficiency of absorbed photon energy to acoustic energy is approximately 40% and is limited by finite collision-induced relaxation rates between the two lowest-lying excited electronic states of O-2. PAS also shows great potential for high-resolution line shape measurements: calculated and experimental values for the PAS system response differ by about 1%. [doi:10.1063/1.3436660]
C1 [Gillis, K. A.; Havey, D. K.; Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Havey, D. K.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA.
RP Gillis, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM keith.gillis@nist.gov
RI Havey, Daniel/C-1997-2009
FU National Research Council
FX One of us (D.K.H.) would like to thank the National Research Council,
   Research Associateship Program for support.
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U2 15
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 6
AR 064902
DI 10.1063/1.3436660
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 628GG
UT WOS:000280102200044
PM 20590262
ER

PT J
AU Quinlan, F
   Ycas, G
   Osterman, S
   Diddams, SA
AF Quinlan, F.
   Ycas, G.
   Osterman, S.
   Diddams, S. A.
TI A 12.5 GHz-spaced optical frequency comb spanning > 400 nm for
   near-infrared astronomical spectrograph calibration
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID REPETITION-RATE MULTIPLICATION; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; WAVELENGTH
   CALIBRATION; LASER; FIBER; PRECISION; LINEWIDTHS; SELECTION
AB A 12.5 GHz-spaced optical frequency comb locked to a global positioning system disciplined oscillator for near-infrared (IR) spectrograph calibration is presented. The comb is generated via filtering a 250 MHz-spaced comb. Subsequent nonlinear broadening of the 12.5 GHz comb extends the wavelength range to cover 1380-1820 nm, providing complete coverage over the H-band transmission window of earth's atmosphere. Finite suppression of spurious sidemodes, optical linewidth, and instability of the comb has been examined to estimate potential wavelength biases in spectrograph calibration. Sidemode suppression varies between 20 and 45 dB, and the optical linewidth is similar to 350 kHz at 1550 nm. The comb frequency uncertainty is bounded by +/- 30 kHz (corresponding to a radial velocity of +/- 5 cm/s), limited by the global positioning system disciplined oscillator reference. These results indicate that this comb can readily support radial velocity measurements below 1 m/s in the near IR. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3436638]
C1 [Quinlan, F.; Ycas, G.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Ycas, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Osterman, S.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
FU NSF [0906034]; NIST
FX We thank T. Fortier for the use of the Ti:sapphire reference comb, Y.
   Jiang for supplying the subhertz optical reference, Y. Jiang and D.
   Braje for contributions in building the 250 MHz comb source, M. Lombardi
   and A. Novick for assistance with the GPSDO, and M. Hirano of Sumitomo
   Electric Industries for use of the HNLF. Financial support is provided
   by NSF under Grant No. 0906034 and NIST. F. Quinlan is supported as an
   NRC/NAS postdoctoral fellow.
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 6
AR 063105
DI 10.1063/1.3436638
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 628GG
UT WOS:000280102200005
PM 20590223
ER

PT J
AU Govoni, JJ
AF Govoni, John Jeffrey
TI Feeding on protists and particulates by the leptocephali of the worm
   eels Myrophis spp. (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), and the
   potential energy contribution of large aloricate protozoa
SO SCIENTIA MARINA
LA English
DT Article
DE Myrophis; leptocephali; feeding; protozoa; ciliates
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LARVAL LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; ANGUILLA-JAPONICA; NORTHERN
   GULF; SARGASSO SEA; MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTIONS;
   BREVOORTIA-PATRONUS; MESODINIUM-RUBRUM; FECAL PELLETS
AB The food sources of the leptocephali of the teleostean superorder Elopomorpha have been controversial, yet observations on the leptocephali of the worm eels, Myrophis spp. (family Ophichthidae) collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico indicate active, not passive, feeding. Leptocephali had protists in their alimentary canals. Estimates of the physiological energetics of worm eels indicate that large aloricate protozoa including ciliates could provide substantial energy to these leptocephali toward the end of the premetamorphic and metamorphic stages, given the low energy requirements of metamorphosing leptocephali. Global ocean warming will likely force a shift in oceanic food webs; a shift away from large protozoa toward smaller protists is possible. Such a disruption of the oceanic food webs could further compromise the survival of leptocephali.
C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Govoni, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM Jeff.Govoni@noaa.gov
FU United States government
FX I thank R. L. Ferguson for guiding interference contrast microscopy and
   J. T. Turner for the scanning electron microscopy. I thank M. J.
   Wuenschel for valuable comments on the energetics of fish larvae and
   D.W. Evans for energetic conversions. M. J. Wuenschel, J. S. Burke, P.
   M. Marraro, and B. Knights provided valued reviews of the manuscript.
   The United States government has the right to retain a nonexclusive,
   royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering this paper.
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PU INST CIENCIAS MAR BARCELONA
PI BARCELONA
PA PG MARITIM DE LA BARCELONETA, 37-49, 08003 BARCELONA, SPAIN
SN 0214-8358
J9 SCI MAR
JI Sci. Mar.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 2
BP 339
EP 344
DI 10.3989/scimar.2010.74n2339
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 609PG
UT WOS:000278668500012
ER

PT J
AU Morris, DJ
   Need, RF
   Anderson, MJ
   Bahr, DF
AF Morris, Dylan J.
   Need, Ryan F.
   Anderson, Michael J.
   Bahr, David F.
TI Enhanced actuation and acoustic transduction by pressurization of
   micromachined piezoelectric diaphragms
SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Acoustics; Diaphragms; Micromachining
ID ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS; THIN-FILMS; STRESS INFLUENCES; RESIDUAL-STRESS;
   SENSORS; DESIGN; MEMBRANES; SENSITIVITY; FABRICATION; SILICON
AB A strategy to increase the performance of diaphragm-type transducers is to provide an initial curvature to the diaphragm, which converts in-plane strains to motion normal to the diaphragm surface. In this paper, we analyze and measure the actuation characteristics of composite piezoelectric diaphragms that are biased by a static pressure that induces diaphragm curvature. To analyze the actuation characteristics of the curved-diaphragm transducer, a mathematical model for thin diaphragms relating the applied static pressure to the actuation characteristics is developed. In this model, the elastic response to applied pressure is caused by contributions of plate and membrane components. A linear relationship between applied voltage and boundary strain fluctuations was assumed, which leads to an analytic expression for the quasi-static diaphragm displacement amplitude in terms of diaphragm properties and biasing pressure. This expression shows that there is an upper limit to the displacement amplitude enhancement under piezoelectric actuation when diaphragms are curved by a biasing pressure. Measurements of displacement amplitude and acoustic pressure as a function of static bias pressure on micromachined piezoelectric diaphragms showed the expected behavior, which is typically displacement amplification, and a null when bending and stretching effects cancel. The model predicts that a decrease in residual stresses will increase performance at all biasing pressure levels. Residual stresses can be beneficial in a way, in that the pressure for peak performance may be varied to suit a design constraint. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Morris, Dylan J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Need, Ryan F.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA.
   [Anderson, Michael J.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
   [Bahr, David F.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Morris, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dylan.morris@us.michelin.com
RI Anderson, Michael/G-9584-2011; Bahr, David/A-6521-2012; Need,
   Ryan/J-7132-2013
OI Bahr, David/0000-0003-2893-967X; Need, Ryan/0000-0002-7595-3338
FU National Science Foundation [DMR0755055]
FX RF Need was supported through the National Science Foundation's REU
   program under grant number DMR0755055.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0924-4247
J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS
JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 161
IS 1-2
BP 164
EP 172
DI 10.1016/j.sna.2010.05.028
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 631BN
UT WOS:000280321600024
ER

PT J
AU Grace, MA
   Watson, J
   Foster, D
AF Grace, Mark A.
   Watson, John
   Foster, Dan
TI Time, Temperature, and Depth Profiles for a Loggerhead Sea Turtle
   (Caretta caretta) Captured With a Pelagic Longline
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID DIVING BEHAVIOR; BUOYANCY
AB During a pelagic longline pilot study conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories along the US Atlantic Ocean coast (NOAA Ship OREGON II OT-06-02-269), a Caretta caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle) was captured with longline gear equipped with time-temperature-depth recorders attached in proximity to hooks. Time-temperature-depth data documented changes in hook depth and water temperature, and reflected behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (rates of descent and ascent, time at depth, time near surface). Sea turtle mortality mitigation recommendations for pelagic longline gear proved effective for this Loggerhead Sea Turtle capture since there were successive ascents to surface, and the viability status was good after landing.
C1 [Grace, Mark A.; Watson, John; Foster, Dan] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NMFS, SEFSC,Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA.
RP Grace, MA (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NMFS, SEFSC,Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA.
EM Mark.A.Grace@noaa.gov
FU IAP/NMFS MSL
FX Chuck Schroeder, a contract employee with IAP/NMFS MSL, was the primary
   software designer responsible for the SCS/FSCS (SELLIT) program for
   documenting longline events. Survey planning and participation by MSL
   Shark Unit members William Driggers and Lisa Jones was critical to the
   project's success. Patrick Rice of the University of Miami provided
   guidance for TDR operations and for interpreting and displaying
   TDR-derived data. Sheryan Epperly of NMFS, Miami provided advice for
   literature searches, and LaGena Fontroy (MSL) assisted with literature
   searches. Survey logistics and catch-handling assistance of crew and
   command of the NOAA Ship RV OREGON II was greatly appreciated.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 213
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 2
BP 191
EP 200
DI 10.1656/058.009.0201
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V24FW
UT WOS:000208397300001
ER

PT J
AU Tasneem, G
   Werner, WSM
   Smekal, W
   Powell, CJ
AF Tasneem, G.
   Werner, W. S. M.
   Smekal, W.
   Powell, C. J.
TI Simulation of parallel angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
   data
SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 13th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface
   Analysis
CY OCT 18-23, 2009
CL Antalya, TURKEY
DE angle-resolved XPS; Theta Probe; anisotropy; elastic scattering;
   asymmetry parameter
ID SPECTRA
AB The effects of elastic scattering and photoionization anisotropy have been studied for angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS) instruments in which the angular distribution is measured for a fixed sample geometry, in contrast to conventional ARXPS in which the sample is tilted for angular variation. The analyzed data were generated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis, which provides a simple way to study the influence of the aforementioned effects on compositional depth profile reconstruction. The above mentioned effects have been studied for a 15-angstrom film of SiO(2) on Si covered by a 5-angstrom carbon contamination layer. For this sample, the effects of anisotropy were stronger than the effects of elastic scattering. Larger effects of elastic scattering have been observed for HfO(2) sample. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Tasneem, G.; Werner, W. S. M.; Smekal, W.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Allgemeine Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
   [Powell, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tasneem, G (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Allgemeine Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
EM ghazaltasneem@yahoo.com
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0142-2421
J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL
JI Surf. Interface Anal.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 2010
VL 42
IS 6-7
SI SI
BP 1072
EP 1075
DI 10.1002/sia.3321
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 641SJ
UT WOS:000281149700133
ER

PT J
AU Castell, N
   Mantilla, E
   Stein, AF
   Salvador, R
   Millan, M
AF Castell, Nuria
   Mantilla, Enrique
   Stein, Ariel F.
   Salvador, Rosa
   Millan, Millan
TI A Modeling Study of the Impact of a Power Plant on Ground-Level Ozone in
   Relation to its Location: Southwestern Spain as a Case Study
SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Ground-level ozone; Impact assessment; Power plant location;
   Photochemical modeling
ID NOX-VOC INDICATORS; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; POLLUTION; CHEMISTRY;
   SCHEME
AB The impact of atmospheric industrial emissions on secondary pollutant formation depends on many factors; one of the most important being the environmental setting in which the industry is located. The environmental setting affects an industry's impact on ozone levels through both the air mass dispersion (a function of topography and wind patterns) and the emissions of organic volatile compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO (x) ) in the area. This model-based study shows how the sensitivity of surface ozone changes with the choice of source location. For the analysis, seven points distributed along the Tinto-Guadalquivir Basin (in the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula) were selected. This area is characterized by the close proximity of natural environments and crop fields to cities, roads, and industrial areas with high NO (x) emissions. Natural VOC emissions represent more than 60% of the total non-methane volatile organic compounds emitted in the study area. The results reveal that the largest increases in ozone levels are produced when the industry is located both far away from NO (x) emission sources and near to biogenic VOC emissions. Furthermore, the highest increases over the hourly and 8-hourly maximums, as well as the highest accumulated daily values, are found in areas characterized by high VOC/NO (x) emission ratios and NO (x) sensitivity. The study of the recurrent meteorological patterns along with the distribution of chemical indicators of the O(3)-NO (x) -VOC sensitivity allows the determination of the industry's geographical impact on ozone levels. This information enables air quality managers to decide the future location of an industry minimizing its impact on smog levels.
C1 [Castell, Nuria; Mantilla, Enrique; Salvador, Rosa; Millan, Millan] Fdn CEAM, Valencia 46980, Spain.
   [Stein, Ariel F.] Earth Resources & Technol NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Castell, N (reprint author), Fdn CEAM, Parque Technol C Charles R Darwin 14, Valencia 46980, Spain.
EM nuria@ceam.es; ariel.stein@noaa.gov
RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014
OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198
FU Generalitat Valenciana and Bancaixa
FX The CEAM Foundation is co-financed by the Generalitat Valenciana and
   Bancaixa. This work is a contribution to the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010
   program (GRACCIE research project) and to ACCENT. Thanks also to CESCA
   for their computer support. In addition, the authors would like to thank
   the reviewers' comments and suggestions on this work.
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0049-6979
J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL
JI Water Air Soil Pollut.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 209
IS 1-4
BP 61
EP 79
DI 10.1007/s11270-009-0181-y
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water
   Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Water Resources
GA 593JP
UT WOS:000277450300006
ER

PT J
AU Lazarus, SM
   Splitt, ME
   Lueken, MD
   Ramachandran, R
   Li, XA
   Movva, S
   Graves, SJ
   Zavodsky, BT
AF Lazarus, Steven M.
   Splitt, Michael E.
   Lueken, Michael D.
   Ramachandran, Rahul
   Li, Xiang
   Movva, Sunil
   Graves, Sara J.
   Zavodsky, Bradley T.
TI Evaluation of Data Reduction Algorithms for Real-Time Analysis
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID MEASURING INFORMATION-CONTENT; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA
   ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; REMOTE MEASUREMENTS; OBJECTIVE
   ANALYSIS; RECURSIVE FILTER; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SATELLITE; DENSITY
AB Data reduction tools are developed and evaluated using a data analysis framework. Simple (nonadaptive) and intelligent (adaptive) thinning algorithms are applied to both synthetic and real data and the thinned datasets are ingested into an analysis system. The approach is motivated by the desire to better represent high-impact weather features (e. g., fronts, jets, cyclones, etc.) that are often poorly resolved in coarse-resolution forecast models and to efficiently generate a set of initial conditions that best describes the current state of the atmosphere. As a precursor to real-data applications, the algorithms are applied to one- and two-dimensional synthetic datasets. Information gleaned from the synthetic experiments is used to create a thinning algorithm that combines the best aspects of the intelligent methods (i.e., their ability to detect regions of interest) while reducing the impacts of spatial irregularities in the data. Both simple and intelligent thinning algorithms are then applied to Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) temperature and moisture profiles. For a given retention rate, background, and observation error, the optimal 1D analyses (i.e., lowest MSE) tend to have observations that are near regions of large curvature and gradients. Observation error leads to the selection of spurious data in homogeneous regions of the intelligent algorithms. In the 2D experiments, simple thinning tends to perform better within the homogeneous data regions. Analyses produced using AIRS data demonstrate that observations selected via a combination of the simple and intelligent approaches reduce clustering, provide a more even distribution along the satellite swath edges, and, in general, have lower error and comparable computational requirements compared to standard operational thinning methodologies.
C1 [Lazarus, Steven M.; Splitt, Michael E.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
   [Lueken, Michael D.] NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Ramachandran, Rahul; Li, Xiang; Movva, Sunil; Graves, Sara J.] Univ Alabama, Informat Technol & Syst Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
   [Zavodsky, Bradley T.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Lazarus, SM (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
EM slazarus@fit.edu
OI Splitt, Michael/0000-0002-7690-5100; Lazarus, Steven/0000-0002-5918-1059
FU NASA [NNG06GG18A]
FX This research was supported by funding under NASA Grant NNG06GG18A.
NR 36
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 3
BP 837
EP 851
DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222296.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PM
UT WOS:000279368100002
ER

PT J
AU Tyndall, DP
   Horel, JD
   de Pondeca, MSFV
AF Tyndall, Daniel P.
   Horel, John D.
   de Pondeca, Manuel S. F. V.
TI Sensitivity of Surface Air Temperature Analyses to Background and
   Observation Errors
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DATA ASSIMILATION; HEIGHT
AB A two-dimensional variational method is used to analyze 2-m air temperatures over a limited domain (4 degrees latitude x 4 degrees longitude) in order to evaluate approaches to examining the sensitivity of the temperature analysis to the specification of observation and background errors. This local surface analysis (LSA) utilizes the 1-h forecast from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) downscaled to a 5-km resolution terrain level for its background fields and observations obtained from the Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System.
   The observation error variance as a function of broad network categories and the error variance and covariance of the downscaled 1-h RUC background fields are estimated using a sample of over 7 million 2-m air temperature observations in the continental United States collected during the period 8 May-7 June 2008. The ratio of observation to background error variance is found to be between 2 and 3. This ratio is likely even higher in mountainous regions where representativeness errors attributed to the observations are large.
   The technique used to evaluate the sensitivity of the 2-m air temperature to the ratio of the observation and background error variance and background error length scales is illustrated over the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia for a particularly challenging case (0900 UTC 22 October 2007) when large horizontal temperature gradients were present in the mountainous regions as well as over two entire days (20 and 27 May 2009). Sets of data denial experiments in which observations are randomly and uniquely removed from each analysis are generated and evaluated. This method demonstrates the effects of overfitting the analysis to the observations.
C1 [Tyndall, Daniel P.; Horel, John D.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [de Pondeca, Manuel S. F. V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA.
RP Tyndall, DP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Rm 819,135 South,1460 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM d.tyndall@utah.edu
FU NOAA/NWS [NA07NWS4680003]
FX Support for this project was provided by the NOAA/NWS CSTAR program
   (Grant NA07NWS4680003). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their
   thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 3
BP 852
EP 865
DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222304.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PM
UT WOS:000279368100003
ER

PT J
AU Lakshmanan, V
   Kain, JS
AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa
   Kain, John S.
TI A Gaussian Mixture Model Approach to Forecast Verification
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SYSTEM; NWP
AB Verification methods for high-resolution forecasts have been based either on filtering or on objects created by thresholding the images. The filtering methods do not easily permit the use of deformation while identifying objects based on thresholds can be problematic. In this paper, a new approach is introduced in which the observed and forecast fields are broken down into a mixture of Gaussians, and the parameters of the Gaussian mixture model fit are examined to identify translation, rotation, and scaling errors. The advantages of this method are discussed in terms of the traditional filtering or object-based methods and the resulting scores are interpreted on a standard verification dataset.
C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Kain, John S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM lakshman@ou.edu
FU NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227]
FX Funding for this research was provided under NOAA-OU Cooperative
   Agreement NA17RJ1227. We thank the anonymous reviewers for considerably
   strengthening this paper: in particular, Figs. 1f, 2, and 6 came about
   as responses to the reviewers' questions and suggestions.
NR 13
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 3
BP 908
EP 920
DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222355.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PM
UT WOS:000279368100007
ER

PT J
AU Potvin, CK
   Elmore, KL
   Weiss, SJ
AF Potvin, Corey K.
   Elmore, Kimberly L.
   Weiss, Steven J.
TI Assessing the Impacts of Proximity Sounding Criteria on the Climatology
   of Significant Tornado Environments
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID STORM-RELATIVE HELICITY; SUPERCELL; SHEAR; WIND
AB Proximity sounding studies typically seek to optimize several trade-offs that involve somewhat arbitrary definitions of how to define a "proximity sounding.'' More restrictive proximity criteria, which presumably produce results that are more characteristic of the near-storm environment, typically result in smaller sample sizes that can reduce the statistical significance of the results. Conversely, the use of broad proximity criteria will typically increase the sample size and the apparent robustness of the statistical analysis, but the sounding data may not necessarily be representative of near-storm environments, given the presence of mesoscale variability in the atmosphere. Previous investigations have used a wide range of spatial and temporal proximity criteria to analyze severe storm environments. However, the sensitivity of storm environment climatologies to the proximity definition has not yet been rigorously examined.
   In this study, a very large set (similar to 1200) of proximity soundings associated with significant tornado reports is used to generate distributions of several parameters typically used to characterize severe weather environments. Statistical tests are used to assess the sensitivity of the parameter distributions to the proximity criteria. The results indicate that while soundings collected too far in space and time from significant tornadoes tend to be more representative of the larger-scale environment than of the storm environment, soundings collected too close to the tornado also tend to be less representative due to the convective feedback process. The storm environment itself is thus optimally sampled at an intermediate spatiotemporal range referred to here as the Goldilocks zone. Implications of these results for future proximity sounding studies are discussed.
C1 [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Elmore, Kimberly L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Elmore, Kimberly L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
   [Weiss, Steven J.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM corey.potvin@ou.edu
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0097651.NSSL/NOAA]
FX The authors thank Jeff Craven for providing the sounding dataset used
   for this study and John Hart for calculating the sounding analysis
   parameters. We also thank Jonathan Davies and two anonymous reviewers
   for their helpful comments and suggestions. This material is based upon
   work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant
   ATM-0097651.NSSL/NOAA also provided partial support for this work.
NR 25
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 3
BP 921
EP 930
DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222368.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PM
UT WOS:000279368100008
ER

PT J
AU Bi, L
   Jung, JA
   Morgan, MC
   Le Marshall, JF
AF Bi, Li
   Jung, James A.
   Morgan, Michael C.
   Le Marshall, John F.
TI A Two-Season Impact Study of the WindSat Surface Wind Retrievals in the
   NCEP Global Data Assimilation System
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; FORECAST
   SYSTEM; SATELLITE DATA; STRATOSPHERE; RAWINSONDE; MODEL; WATER
AB A two-season observing system experiment (OSE) was used to quantify the impacts of assimilating the WindSat surface winds product developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The impacts of assimilating these surface winds were assessed by comparing the forecast results through 168 h for the months of October 2006 and March 2007. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation/Global Forecast System (GDAS/GFS) was used, at a resolution of T382-64 layers, as the assimilation system and forecast model for these experiments.
   A control simulation utilizing all the data types assimilated in the operational GDAS was compared to an experimental simulation that added the WindSat surface winds. Quality control procedures required to assimilate the surface winds are discussed. Anomaly correlations (ACs) of geopotential heights at 1000 and 500 hPa were evaluated for the control and experiment during both seasons. The geographical distribution of the forecast impacts (FIs) on the wind field and temperature fields at 10-m height and 500 hPa is also discussed.
   The results of this study show that assimilating the surface wind retrievals from the WindSat satellite improve the NCEP GFS wind and temperature forecasts. A positive FI, which suggests that the error growth of the experiment is slower than the control, has been realized in the NCEP GDAS/GFS wind and temperature forecasts through 24 h. The WindSat experiment AC scores are similar to the control simulation AC scores until the day 6 forecasts, when the improvements in the WindSat experiment become greater for both seasons and in most of the cases.
C1 [Bi, Li; Morgan, Michael C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Bi, Li; Jung, James A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Jung, James A.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Le Marshall, John F.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Bi, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM li.bi@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Bi, Li/E-7931-2011
NR 30
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 3
BP 931
EP 949
DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222377.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PM
UT WOS:000279368100009
ER

PT J
AU Wang, WQ
   Chen, MY
   Kumar, A
AF Wang, Wanqiu
   Chen, Mingyue
   Kumar, Arun
TI An Assessment of the CFS Real-Time Seasonal Forecasts
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE ACTIVITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SOUTHERN
   OSCILLATION; RECENT INCREASE; SOIL-MOISTURE; CLIMATE; PREDICTION;
   PREDICTABILITY; ENSO; ENSEMBLE
AB This study assesses the real-time seasonal forecasts for 2005-08 with the current National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS). The forecasts are compared with retrospective forecasts (or hindcasts) for 1981-2004 to examine the consistency of the forecast system, and with the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to contrast the realized skill against the potential predictability due to the specification of the observed sea surface temperatures. The analysis focuses on the forecasts of SSTs, 2-m surface air temperature (T2M), and precipitation.
   The CFS forecasts maintained a good level of prediction skill for SSTs in the tropical Pacific, the western Indian Ocean, and the northern Atlantic. The SST forecast skill is within the range of hindcast skill levels calculated with 4-yr windows, which can vary greatly associated with the interannual El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. Overall, the SST forecast skill over the globe is comparable to the average of the hindcast skill. For the tropical eastern Pacific, however, the forecast skill at lead times longer than 2months is less than the average hindcast skill due to the relativelyweaker ENSOvariability during the forecast period (2005-08). The forecasts and hindcasts show a similar level of precipitation skill over most of the globe. For T2M, the spatial distribution of skill differs substantially between the forecasts and hindcasts. In particular, the T2M skill of the forecasts for the Northern Hemisphere during its warm seasons is lower than that of the hindcasts.
   Comparison with the AMIP simulations shows similar levels of precipitation skill over the tropical Pacific. Over the tropical Indian Ocean, the CFS forecasts show a substantially higher level of skill than the AMIP simulations for a large part of the period. This conforms with the results from previous studies that while interannual variability in the tropical Pacific atmosphere is slaved to the underlying SST anomalies, specification of SSTs (as for the AMIP simulations) in the Indian Ocean may lead to incorrect simulation of the atmospheric variability. Over the tropical Atlantic, the precipitation skill of both the CFS forecasts and AMIP simulations is low, suggesting that SSTs have less control over the atmospheric anomalies and the predictability is low.
   The analysis reveals several deficiencies in the current CFS that need to be corrected for improved seasonal forecasting. For example, the CFS tends to consistently forecast larger ENSO amplitude and delayed transition between the ENSO phases. Forecasts of T2M also have a strong cold bias in Northern Hemisphere mid-to high latitudes during warm seasons. This error is due to initial soil moisture anomalies, which appear to be too wet compared with two other observational analyses. The strong impacts of soil moisture on the seasonal forecasts, and large discrepancies among the soil moisture analyses, call for more accurate specification of soil moisture. Furthermore, average forecast SST and T2M anomalies for 2005-08 show a cold bias over the entire globe, indicating that the model is unable to maintain the observed long-term warming trend.
C1 [Wang, Wanqiu; Chen, Mingyue; Kumar, Arun] NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Wang, WQ (reprint author), NCEP, CPC, Rm 605,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM wanqiu.wang@noaa.gov
NR 49
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 3
BP 950
EP 969
DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222345.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PM
UT WOS:000279368100010
ER

PT J
AU Jehl, JR
   Henry, AE
AF Jehl, Joseph R., Jr.
   Henry, Annette E.
TI THE POSTBREEDING MIGRATION OF EARED GREBES
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PODICEPS-NIGRICOLLIS; FALL MIGRATION; POPULATION; UTAH
AB Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) in autumn make a postbrealing/molt migration from breeding areas in western North America to hypersaline lakes in the Great Basin We studied their biology in 2001-2006 during this phase of the annual migration near Green River. Wyoming. USA where migrants en route to Great Salt Lake. Utah land on industrial ponds Most evidently originate in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota The main movement extends from late July to mid-October Migrants an lye almost daily with the cumulative percentage of transiting buds increasing by about 1% per day Adult males and females migrate on the same schedule and precede juveniles by 2-3 weeks Annual differences in phenoloey. abundance, age ratio. and wine molt vary with availability, of wetland habitats in the main source area Data on mass. body composition. (mantles. and stomach contents indicate a typical flight involves a direct 2-3 day non-feeding migration, which is accomplished at night Grebes are quiescent during the day and do not resume their migration until 45 min after sunset We documented two undescribed vocalizations, a short-range contact note and one associated with departure The possibility that Eared Grebe productivity. as inferred from studies of migrants through Wyoming. can provide insight into the status of waterbirds in the SOUR:e area is worth fun her investigation Received 16 March 2009 Accepted 6 December 2009
C1 [Jehl, Joseph R., Jr.] US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
   [Henry, Annette E.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Jehl, JR (reprint author), US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
FU U S Fish and Wildlife Service; Los Angeles Department of Water and
   Power; Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute; National Geographic Society
   [7408-03, 7609-04]
FX The following plants and personnel associated with the trona industry
   made this study possible. FMC WestVaco (Julie Lutz. Ron McNalley. Simon
   Lee). FMC Granger (Brad Kroll). OCI of Wyoming (Larry Cherny). and
   Solvay Minerals (Tun Brown, Dolly Potter) We especially acknowledge
   Julie Lutz for organizing and coordinating industry efforts Shannon
   Rankin analyzed vocalizations Field work in 2003 was supported in part
   by the U S Fish and Wildlife Service Our tong-term studies on the
   avitatina 01 saline lakes have been supported by the Los Angeles
   Department of Water and Power. Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute, and
   the National Geographic Society (Grants 7408-03, 7609-04) We thank Bruce
   Erchhorst. H I Ellis. S I Bond. D H Johnson Mark Otto. John Solberg.
   Nancy Drilling. I. D Igl. and Brian Schmidt for additional help in lick!
   work, manuscript preparation. manuscript review. and access to
   unpublished information.
NR 28
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Z9 13
U1 1
U2 12
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 2
BP 217
EP 227
DI 10.1676/09-047.1
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 609SV
UT WOS:000278678300002
ER

PT J
AU Tanner, MG
   Natarajan, CM
   Pottapenjara, VK
   O'Connor, JA
   Warburton, RJ
   Hadfield, RH
   Baek, B
   Nam, S
   Dorenbos, SN
   Urena, EB
   Zijlstra, T
   Klapwijk, TM
   Zwiller, V
AF Tanner, M. G.
   Natarajan, C. M.
   Pottapenjara, V. K.
   O'Connor, J. A.
   Warburton, R. J.
   Hadfield, R. H.
   Baek, B.
   Nam, S.
   Dorenbos, S. N.
   Urena, E. Bermudez
   Zijlstra, T.
   Klapwijk, T. M.
   Zwiller, V.
TI Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN
   superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE infrared detectors; nanowires; niobium compounds; superconducting
   photodetectors; timing jitter; titanium compounds
ID DETECTION EFFICIENCY; OPTICAL CAVITY; 1550 NM; SYSTEM; FIBER; NBN
AB Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have emerged as a highly promising infrared single-photon detector technology. Next-generation devices are being developed with enhanced detection efficiency (DE) at key technological wavelengths via the use of optical cavities. Furthermore, new materials and substrates are being explored for improved fabrication versatility, higher DE, and lower dark counts. We report on the practical performance of packaged NbTiN SNSPDs fabricated on oxidized silicon substrates in the wavelength range from 830 to 1700 nm. We exploit constructive interference from the SiO2/Si interface in order to achieve enhanced front-side fiber-coupled DE of 23.2 % at 1310 nm, at 1 kHz dark count rate, with 60 ps full width half maximum timing jitter. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3428960]
C1 [Tanner, M. G.; Natarajan, C. M.; Pottapenjara, V. K.; O'Connor, J. A.; Warburton, R. J.; Hadfield, R. H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Tanner, M. G.; Natarajan, C. M.; Pottapenjara, V. K.; O'Connor, J. A.; Warburton, R. J.; Hadfield, R. H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Baek, B.; Nam, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Dorenbos, S. N.; Urena, E. Bermudez; Zijlstra, T.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Zwiller, V.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.
RP Tanner, MG (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM m.tanner@hw.ac.uk
RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Natarajan, Chandra/C-3230-2014; Tanner,
   Michael/A-4440-2012; Natarajan, Chandra/O-5521-2015
OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; 
FU UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council; Royal Society of
   London (UK)
FX This work is supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Science
   Research Council. R.H.H. is supported by the Royal Society of London
   (UK) via a University Research Fellowship. We thank Ryan Warburton and
   Gerald Buller for assistance with the timing jitter measurements.
NR 23
TC 62
Z9 63
U1 2
U2 30
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 31
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 22
AR 221109
DI 10.1063/1.3428960
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 606EL
UT WOS:000278404800009
ER

PT J
AU Iskandar, I
AF Iskandar, Iskhaq
TI Seasonal and interannual patterns of sea surface temperature in Banda
   Sea as revealed by self-organizing map
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Banda Sea; Self-Organizing Map; Sea Surface Temperature; ENSO; Indian
   Ocean Dipole
ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; EL-NINO; CLIMATE SYSTEM;
   PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; THERMOCLINE; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; PACIFIC
AB Seasonal and interannual variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Banda Sea are studied for the period of January 1985 through December 2007. A neural network pattern recognition approach based on self-organizing map (SOM) has been applied to monthly SST from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Oceans Pathfinder. The principal conclusions of this paper are outlined as follows. There are three different patterns associated with the variations in the monsoonal winds: the southeast and northwest monsoon patterns, and the monsoon-break patterns. The southeast monsoon pattern is characterized by low SST due to the prevailing southeasterly winds that drive Ekman upwelling. The northwest monsoon pattern, on the other hand, is one of high SST distributed uniformly in space. The monsoon-break pattern is a transitional pattern between the northwest and southeast monsoon patterns, which is characterized by moderate SST patterns. On interannual time-scale, the SST variations are significantly influenced by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomena. Low SST is observed during El Nino and/or positive IOD events, while high SST appears during La Nina event. Low SST in the Banda Sea during positive IOD event is induced by upwelling Kelvin waves generated in the equatorial Indian Ocean which propagate along the southern coast of Sumatra and Java before entering the Banda Sea through the Lombok and Ombai Straits as well as through the Timor Passage. On the other hand, during El Nino (La Nina) events, upwelling (downwelling) Rossby waves associated with off-equatorial divergence (convergence) in response to the equatorial westerly (easterly) winds in the Pacific, partly scattered into the Indonesian archipelago which in turn induce cool (warm) SST in the Banda Sea. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Iskandar, Iskhaq] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
RP Iskandar, I (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Iskhaq.lskandar@noaa.gov
RI Iskandar, Iskhaq/A-2813-2011
OI Iskandar, Iskhaq/0000-0002-9253-4821
FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
FX The author would like to thank Dr. Tomoki Tozuka of the University of
   Tokyo for helpful discussion on the SOM analysis. The SOM_PAK was
   prepared by the SUM Programming Team of the Helsinki University of
   Technology, Finland. The author is grateful to the Japan Society for the
   Promotion of Science (JSPS) for the financial support through a
   postdoctoral fellowship for foreign researcher. Detailed constructive
   criticisms and comments from two anonymous reviewers improved the
   manuscript.
NR 37
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U1 0
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
EI 1873-6955
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD MAY 31
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 9
BP 1136
EP 1148
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2010.03.003
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 609OC
UT WOS:000278665300010
ER

PT J
AU Coddington, OM
   Pilewskie, P
   Redemann, J
   Platnick, S
   Russell, PB
   Schmidt, KS
   Gore, WJ
   Livingston, J
   Wind, G
   Vukicevic, T
AF Coddington, O. M.
   Pilewskie, P.
   Redemann, J.
   Platnick, S.
   Russell, P. B.
   Schmidt, K. S.
   Gore, W. J.
   Livingston, J.
   Wind, G.
   Vukicevic, T.
TI Examining the impact of overlying aerosols on the retrieval of cloud
   optical properties from passive remote sensing
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; SHIP
   TRACKS; ALBEDO; STRATOCUMULUS; SENSITIVITY; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT;
   ATLANTIC
AB Haywood et al. (2004) show that an aerosol layer above a cloud can cause a bias in the retrieved cloud optical thickness and effective radius. Monitoring for this potential bias is difficult because space-based passive remote sensing cannot unambiguously detect or characterize aerosol above cloud. We show that cloud retrievals from aircraft measurements above cloud and below an overlying aerosol layer are a means to test this bias. The data were collected during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-A) study based out of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States, above extensive, marine stratus cloud banks affected by industrial outflow. Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) irradiance measurements taken along a lower level flight leg above cloud and below aerosol were unaffected by the overlying aerosol. Along upper level flight legs, the irradiance reflected from cloud top was transmitted through an aerosol layer. We compare SSFR cloud retrievals from below-aerosol legs to satellite retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in order to detect an aerosol-induced bias. In regions of small variation in cloud properties, we find that SSFR and MODIS-retrieved cloud optical thickness compares within the uncertainty range for each instrument while SSFR effective radius tend to be smaller than MODIS values (by 1-2 mu m) and at the low end of MODIS uncertainty estimates. In regions of large variation in cloud properties, differences in SSFR and MODIS-retrieved cloud optical thickness and effective radius can reach values of 10 and 10 mu m, respectively. We include aerosols in forward modeling to test the sensitivity of SSFR cloud retrievals to overlying aerosol layers. We find an overlying absorbing aerosol layer biases SSFR cloud retrievals to smaller effective radii and optical thickness while nonabsorbing aerosols had no impact.
C1 [Coddington, O. M.; Pilewskie, P.; Schmidt, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Redemann, J.; Russell, P. B.; Gore, W. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
   [Livingston, J.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Platnick, S.; Wind, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Vukicevic, T.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
RP Coddington, OM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM odele.coddington@lasp.colorado.edu
RI Coddington, Odele/F-6342-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013;
   Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014
OI Coddington, Odele/0000-0002-4338-7028; SCHMIDT, KONRAD
   SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567
FU NASA [NNX08AI83G]; NOAA [NA06OAR4310085]
FX Numerous people contributed to the ICARTT and INTEX-A field programs. In
   addition to the work provided by the people referenced in this
   manuscript, we would like to thank Dan Wolfe for leading the radiosonde
   effort aboard the Ronald H. Brown. We would also like to thank two
   anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions to improve the
   manuscript. This study was supported by NASA grant NNX08AI83G and NOAA
   grant NA06OAR4310085.
NR 37
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U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 28
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D10211
DI 10.1029/2009JD012829
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 603VS
UT WOS:000278236800001
ER

PT J
AU von Stecher, J
AF von Stecher, Javier
TI Weakly bound cluster states of Efimov character
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; INTERACTING PARTICLES; SYSTEM; UNIVERSALITY;
   ATOMS
AB We study the behaviour of weakly bound clusters and their relation to the well-known three-body Efimov states. We adopt a model to describe the universal behaviour of strongly interacting bosonic systems, and we test its validity by reproducing predictions of three-and four-body universal states. Then, we extend our study to larger systems and identify a series of universal cluster states that can be qualitatively interpreted as adding one particle at a time to an Efimov trimer. The properties of these cluster states and their experimental signatures are discussed.
C1 [von Stecher, Javier] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [von Stecher, Javier] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP von Stecher, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM javier.vonstecher@colorado.edu
FU NSF
FX Enlightening discussions with C H Greene, D Blume and J P D'Incao are
   acknowledged. This work was supported by NSF.
NR 28
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 2
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD MAY 28
PY 2010
VL 43
IS 10
AR 101002
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/10/101002
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 598GN
UT WOS:000277823200002
ER

PT J
AU von Stecher, J
   Demler, E
   Lukin, MD
   Rey, AM
AF von Stecher, J.
   Demler, E.
   Lukin, M. D.
   Rey, A. M.
TI Probing interaction-induced ferromagnetism in optical superlattices
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID KONDO-LATTICE MODEL; STATE PHASE-DIAGRAM; HUBBARD-MODEL; ITINERANT
   FERROMAGNETISM; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; NAGAOKA STATE; INSTABILITY; BAND
AB We propose a method for controllable preparation and detection of interaction-induced ferromagnetism in ultracold fermionic atoms loaded in optical superlattices. First, we discuss how to probe and control Nagaoka ferromagnetism in an array of isolated plaquettes (four lattice sites arranged in a square). Then, we allow for weak interplaquette tunneling. Since ferromagnetism is unstable in the presence of weak interplaquette couplings, we propose to mediate long-range ferromagnetic correlations via double-exchange processes by exciting atoms to the first vibrational band. We calculate the phase diagram of the two-band plaquette array and discuss conditions for the stability and robustness of the ferromagnetic phases in this system. Experimental implementation of the proposed schemes is discussed.
C1 [von Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [von Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Demler, E.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Demler, E.; Lukin, M. D.] Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP von Stecher, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM javier.vonstecher@colorado.edu
FU NSF; ITAMP; CUA; DARPA
FX This work was supported by NSF, ITAMP, CUA and DARPA.
NR 31
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD MAY 28
PY 2010
VL 12
AR 055009
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/5/055009
PG 11
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 609DA
UT WOS:000278634100004
ER

PT J
AU Huang, SX
   Chien, CL
   Thampy, V
   Broholm, C
AF Huang, S. X.
   Chien, C. L.
   Thampy, V.
   Broholm, C.
TI Control of Tetrahedral Coordination and Superconductivity in
   FeSe0.5Te0.5 Thin Films
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We demonstrate a close relationship between superconductivity and the dimensions of the Fe-Se(Te) tetrahedron in FeSe0.5Te0.5. This is done by exploiting thin film epitaxy, which provides controlled biaxial stress, both compressive and tensile, to distort the tetrahedron. The Se/Te height within the tetrahedron is found to be of crucial importance to superconductivity, in agreement with the scenario that (pi, pi) spin fluctuations promote superconductivity in Fe superconductors.
C1 [Huang, S. X.; Chien, C. L.; Thampy, V.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Thampy, V.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Broholm, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Huang, SX (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Huang, Sunxiang/J-8568-2012
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; 
FU NSF [DMR-0520491]; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46544]
FX The assistance of William Ratcliff at the NCNR is gratefully
   acknowledged. Work by S.X.H. and C.L.C. is supported by the NSF under
   DMR-0520491 and work by V.T. and C.B. is supported by the DOE under
   DE-FG02-08ER46544.
NR 31
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 4
U2 32
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 28
PY 2010
VL 104
IS 21
AR 217002
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.217002
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 602PA
UT WOS:000278150100052
PM 20867128
ER

PT J
AU Min, HK
   McMichael, RD
   Donahue, MJ
   Miltat, J
   Stiles, MD
AF Min, Hongki
   McMichael, Robert D.
   Donahue, Michael J.
   Miltat, Jacques
   Stiles, M. D.
TI Effects of Disorder and Internal Dynamics on Vortex Wall Propagation
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC DOMAIN-WALL; SHIFT REGISTER; NANOWIRES; MOTION; STRIPS
AB Experimental measurements of domain wall propagation are typically interpreted by comparison to reduced models that ignore both the effects of disorder and the internal dynamics of the domain wall structure. Using micromagnetic simulations, we study vortex wall propagation in magnetic nanowires induced by fields or currents in the presence of disorder. We show that the disorder leads to increases and decreases in the domain wall velocity depending on the conditions. These results can be understood in terms of an effective damping that increases as disorder increases. As a domain wall moves through disorder, internal degrees of freedom get excited, increasing the energy dissipation rate.
C1 [Min, Hongki; McMichael, Robert D.; Miltat, Jacques; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Min, Hongki; Miltat, Jacques] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Donahue, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Miltat, Jacques] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8502, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France.
RP Min, HK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; 
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X;
   Min, Hongki/0000-0001-5043-2432
FU NIST-CNST/UMD
FX The work has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter
   Cooperative Agreement. The authors thank J.J. McClelland, K. Gilmore,
   and June W. Lau for their valuable comments.
NR 35
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Z9 41
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 28
PY 2010
VL 104
IS 21
AR 217201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.217201
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 602PA
UT WOS:000278150100054
PM 20867130
ER

PT J
AU Precht, WF
   Aronson, RB
   Moody, RM
   Kaufman, L
AF Precht, William F.
   Aronson, Richard B.
   Moody, Ryan M.
   Kaufman, Les
TI Changing Patterns of Microhabitat Utilization by the Threespot
   Damselfish, Stegastes planifrons, on Caribbean Reefs
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID JAMAICAN CORAL REEFS; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; FLORIDA-KEYS; FISH
   COMMUNITIES; PROTECTED AREAS; AGE-STRUCTURE; POPULATION; ECOLOGY; SCALE;
   ZONATION
AB Background: The threespot damselfish, Stegastes planifrons (Cuvier), is important in mediating interactions among corals, algae, and herbivores on Caribbean coral reefs. The preferred microhabitat of S. planifrons is thickets of the branching staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis. Within the past few decades, mass mortality of A. cervicornis from white-band disease and other factors has rendered this coral a minor ecological component throughout most of its range.
   Methodology/Principal Findings: Survey data from Jamaica (heavily fished), Florida and the Bahamas (moderately fished), the Cayman Islands (lightly to moderately fished), and Belize (lightly fished) indicate that distributional patterns of S. planifrons are positively correlated with live coral cover and topographic complexity. Our results suggest that species-specific microhabitat preferences and the availability of topographically complex microhabitats are more important than the abundance of predatory fish as proximal controls on S. planifrons distribution and abundance.
   Conclusions/Significance: The loss of the primary microhabitat of S. planifrons-A. cervicornis-has forced a shift in the distribution and recruitment of these damselfish onto remaining high-structured corals, especially the Montastraea annularis species complex, affecting coral mortality and algal dynamics throughout the Caribbean.
C1 [Precht, William F.] NOAA, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL USA.
   [Aronson, Richard B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
   [Moody, Ryan M.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA.
   [Kaufman, Les] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Precht, WF (reprint author), NOAA, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL USA.
EM raronson@fit.edu
FU Northeastern University, Jamaica; Smithsonian Institution; National
   Geographic Society, Belize; National Geographic Society; Gordon and
   Betty Moore Foundation
FX WFP and RBA thank Northeastern University's Three Seas Program for
   support in Jamaica, and the Smithsonian Institution's Caribbean Coral
   Reef Ecosystems (CCRE) Program and the National Geographic Society for
   support in Belize. LK received support from the National Geographic
   Society and the Marine Management Area Science Program of Conservation
   International (funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation). The
   funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
   decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 78
TC 22
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U1 1
U2 20
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 26
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 5
AR e10835
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010835
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 603PW
UT WOS:000278221500021
PM 20520809
ER

PT J
AU Sim, JH
   Lee, SI
   Lee, HJ
   Kasica, R
   Kim, HM
   Soles, CL
   Kim, KB
   Yoon, DY
AF Sim, Jae Hwan
   Lee, Sung-Ii
   Lee, Hae-Jeong
   Kasica, Richard
   Kim, Hyum-Mi
   Soles, Christopher L.
   Kim, Ki-Bum
   Yoon, Do Y.
TI Novel Organosilicate Polymer Resists for High Resolution E-Beam
   Lithography
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-BEAM; HYDROGEN SILSESQUIOXANE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY;
   PHOTORESISTS; TEMPERATURE; CALIXARENE
C1 [Sim, Jae Hwan; Lee, Sung-Ii; Yoon, Do Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea.
   [Lee, Hae-Jeong; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Kim, Hyum-Mi; Kim, Ki-Bum] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
RP Yoon, DY (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea.
EM dyyoon@snu.ac.kr
RI Kim, Hyun Mi/D-6907-2013; Park, Kyeong Beom/F-6954-2013
FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea; Chemistry
   and Molecular Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project
FX This work was supported by the National Program for Tera-level Nano
   Devices (TND) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and
   Technology (MEST) of Korea, and by the Chemistry and Molecular
   Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project.
NR 29
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD MAY 25
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 10
BP 3021
EP 3023
DI 10.1021/cm9035456
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 595TC
UT WOS:000277635000001
ER

PT J
AU Sha, J
   Lee, JK
   Kang, SH
   Prabhu, VM
   Soles, CL
   Bonnesen, PV
   Ober, CK
AF Sha, Jing
   Lee, Jin-Kyun
   Kang, Shuhui
   Prabhu, Vivek M.
   Soles, Christopher L.
   Bonnesen, Peter V.
   Ober, Christopher K.
TI Architectural Effects on Acid Reaction-Diffusion Kinetics in Molecular
   Glass Photoresists
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESISTS; RESIST COMPONENTS; REACTION FRONT;
   RESOLUTION
AB Understanding acid reaction-diffusion kinetics is crucial for controlling the lithographic performance of chemically amplified photoresists. In this work, we study how the molecular architectures of positive-tone chemically amplified molecular glass resists affect the acid reaction-diffusion kinetics during the post-expose bake (PEB) or annealing step. We compare the acid reaction-diffusion kinetics of a common photoacid generator in molecular glass resists with chemical similarity to poly(4-hydroxystyrene), and that are designed with branched and ring architectures. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods are used to measure reaction rate, acid trapping behavior, and acid diffusivity as a function of PE B temperature. We find that the acid reaction-diffusion kinetics in molecular glass resists is correlated to the film molar density that in turn depends on the architecture of the molecular glass molecules. These results allow modeling of the latent image formation in molecular glass resists that is critical for pattern feature resolution and line ethic roughness. A comparison between experimentally measured and theoretically predicted diffusion lengths in one molecular glass resist system was made. Because little is understood of the fundamentals of acid diffusion in this class of molecular glass resists, this paper provides critical insight into the molecular design of next-generation photoresists for high-resolution lithography.
C1 [Kang, Shuhui; Prabhu, Vivek M.; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Sha, Jing; Lee, Jin-Kyun; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Bonnesen, Peter V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vprabhu@nist.gov; cko3@cornell.edu
RI Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016
OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0518785]; Scientific User Facilities
   Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
FX The authors acknowledge Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology
   Facility (CNF) and Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR) for use
   of facilitites. The National Science Foundation (Grant DMR-0518785) is
   acknowledged for partial support of this work. The portion of this
   research carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for
   Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Scientific User
   Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
   Energy.
NR 38
TC 9
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD MAY 25
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 10
BP 3093
EP 3098
DI 10.1021/cm9038939
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 595TC
UT WOS:000277635000011
ER

PT J
AU Polikhronidi, NG
   Batyrova, RG
   Abdulagatov, IM
   Stepanov, GV
AF Polikhronidi, Nikolai G.
   Batyrova, Rabiyat G.
   Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.
   Stepanov, Genadii V.
TI Internal pressure measurements of the binary 0.7393H(2)O+0.2607NH(3)
   mixture near the critical and maxcondetherm points
SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Critical point; Internal pressure; Isochoric heat capacity;
   Maxcondetherm point; Thermal-pressure coefficient
ID ISOCHORIC HEAT-CAPACITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION;
   CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROGEN TETROXIDE; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; THERMAL PRESSURE;
   LIQUID-MIXTURES; ENERGY DENSITY; WATER
AB The pressure, P, and their temperature derivative (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V), of binary mixture 0.7393H(2)O + 0.2607NH(3) has been measured in the near- and supercritical regions. Measurements were made in the immediate vicinity of the liquid-gas coexistence curve (one- and two-phase regions) using a high-temperature, high-pressure, nearly constant-volume adiabatic piezo-calorimeter. Measurements were made along 40 liquid and vapor isochores in the range from 120.03 kg m(-3) to 671.23 kg m(-3) and at temperatures from 403 K to 633 K and at pressures up to 28 MPa. Temperatures at the liquid-gas phase transition curve, Ts(p), for each measured density (isochore) were obtained using the quasi-static thermograms technique. The expanded uncertainty of the pressure, P. and temperature derivative, (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V), measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.05% and 0.12-1.5% (depending on temperature and pressure), respectively. The direct measured pressures. P, and temperature derivatives, (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V), has been used to calculate the internal pressure (or energy-volume coefficient) as (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(T) = T(partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V) - P. We also measured the temperature derivatives of the internal energy (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V) = C-V (isochoric heat capacity) using the same apparatus. The measurements were made at isochoric heating of the system at quasie-quilibrium conditions. The effect of pressure, temperature, and concentration on the internal pressure was studied. The measured values of pressure (P-S), temperature derivative, (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(VS), temperature (T-S) and density (rho(S)) at the saturation curve together with isochoric heat capacity measurements were used to calculate other thermodynamic properties of the mixture at the bubble- and dew-pressure points curves. Some unusual "appendix type shape" behavior of the (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V) and internal pressure, P,, near the critical and maxcondetherm points (in the retrograde region) was found. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Polikhronidi, Nikolai G.; Batyrova, Rabiyat G.; Stepanov, Genadii V.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Phys, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov
FU Russian Foundation of Basic Research [RFBR 08-08-12258]
FX I.M.Abdulagatov thanks the Thermophysical Properties Division at the
   National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to
   work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research.
   This work was also supported by the Grant of Russian Foundation of Basic
   Research RFBR 08-08-12258.
NR 49
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3812
J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR
JI Fluid Phase Equilib.
PD MAY 25
PY 2010
VL 292
IS 1-2
BP 48
EP 57
DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2010.01.023
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 590MV
UT WOS:000277231500008
ER

PT J
AU Shaw, PM
   Russell, LM
   Jefferson, A
   Quinn, PK
AF Shaw, P. M.
   Russell, L. M.
   Jefferson, A.
   Quinn, P. K.
TI Arctic organic aerosol measurements show particles from mixed combustion
   in spring haze and from frost flowers in winter
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE; COMPONENTS; EMISSIONS; ALASKA; MATTER; SNOW; SEA
AB Submicron atmospheric aerosol particles were collected between 1 March 2008 and 1 March 2009 at Barrow, Alaska, to characterize the organic mass (OM) in the Arctic aerosol. Organic functional group concentrations and trace metals were measured with FTIR on submicron particles collected on Teflon filters. The OM varied from 0.07 mu g m(-3) in summer to 0.43 mu g m(-3) in winter, and 0.35 mu g m(-3) in spring, showing a transition in OM composition between spring and winter. Most of the OM in spring could be attributed to anthropogenic sources, consisting primarily of alkane and carboxylic acid functional groups and correlated to elemental tracers of industrial pollution, biomass burning, and shipping emissions. PMF analysis associated OM with two factors, a Mixed Combustion factor (MCF) and an Ocean-derived factor (ODF). Back trajectory analysis revealed that the highest fractions of the MCF were associated with air masses that had originated from northeastern Asia and the shipping lanes south of the Bering Straits. The ODF consisted of organic hydroxyl groups and correlated with organic and inorganic seawater components. The ODF accounted for more than 55% of OM in winter when the sampled air masses originated along the coastal and lake regions of the Northwest Territories of Canada. Frost flowers with organic-salt coatings that arise by brine rejection during sea ice formation may account for this large source of carbohydrate-like OM during the ice-covered winter season. While the anthropogenic sources contributed more than 0.3 mu g m(-3) of the springtime haze OM, ocean-derived particles provided comparable OM sources in winter. Citation: Shaw, P. M., L. M. Russell, A. Jefferson, and P. K. Quinn (2010), Arctic organic aerosol measurements show particles from mixed combustion in spring haze and from frost flowers in winter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L10803, doi:10.1029/2010GL042831.
C1 [Shaw, P. M.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Russell, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Mail Code 0221,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM lmrussell@ucsd.edu
RI Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC-0714052]
FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF
   ARC-0714052) for the International Polar Year. NCEP Daily Global
   Analyses data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD from
   http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Fire images were obtained from the NASA
   NEESPI Data and Services Center (http://gdata1.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/). We
   thank Kristen Schulz, Lelia Hawkins, John Ogren, Pat Sheridan, Russ
   Schnell, Dan Endres, Teresa Winter, Betsy Andrews, Jason Johns and the
   many others who assisted in collecting measurements at the NOAA ESRL
   Barrow station.
NR 30
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 32
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 25
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L10803
DI 10.1029/2010GL042831
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 603UO
UT WOS:000278233800001
ER

PT J
AU Krishnan, S
   Paik, MY
   Ober, CK
   Martinelli, E
   Galli, G
   Sohn, KE
   Kramer, EJ
   Fischer, DA
AF Krishnan, Sitaraman
   Paik, Marvin Y.
   Ober, Christopher K.
   Martinelli, Elisa
   Galli, Giancarlo
   Sohn, Karen E.
   Kramer, Edward J.
   Fischer, Daniel A.
TI NEXAFS Depth Profiling of Surface Segregation in Block Copolymer Thin
   Films
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; AMPHIPHILIC SIDE-CHAINS; GREEN-ALGA ULVA;
   CONTACT-ANGLE; HYPERBRANCHED FLUOROPOLYMER; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; XPS
   DATA; RECONSTRUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSTYRENE
AB NEXAFS spectroscopy was used to probe the surface composition and under-water surface reconstruction of thin films of comb-like diblock copolymers with cylindrical and spherical microphases. The polymers consisted of a polystyrene block, and a second block prepared from a styrenic monomer grafted with fluoroalkyl-tagged poly(ethylene glycol) side chains. Compositional depth profiling of the microphase separated block copolymer films, in the top 1-3 nm of the film, was performed to understand the role of block copolymer microstructure and self-assembly on surface composition. Using experimentally determined concentration profiles, the surface concentration of phenyl ring carbon atoms was quantified and compared with those of homopolymer and random copolymer controls. The carbon atoms from the relatively high surface energy phenyl groups were depleted or excluded from the surface, in favor of the low surface-energy fluoroalkyl groups. While it is expected that block copolymer surfaces will be completely covered by a wetting lamellar layer oft he lower surface energy block, a significant amount of the higher surface energy polystyrene block was found to be present in the surface region of the cylinder-forming block copolymer. Evidently, the spontaneous formation of the cylindrical polystyrene micro-domains in the near-surface region compensated for the lowering of the free energy that could have been achieved by completely covering the surfaces with a lamellar layer of the lower surface energy fluorinated block. All surfaces underwent molecular reconstruction after immersion in water. The experimental concentration depth profiles indicated an increased surface depletion of phenyl ring carbon atoms in the water-immersed thin films, due to the tendency of hydrophilic PEG side groups to be present at the polymer water interface. Such a detailed characterization of the outermost layers of the block copolymer surfaces was possible because of the exceptional depth resolution of the NEXAFS depth profiling technique.
C1 [Krishnan, Sitaraman] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.
   [Paik, Marvin Y.; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
   [Martinelli, Elisa; Galli, Giancarlo] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
   [Martinelli, Elisa; Galli, Giancarlo] Univ Pisa, UdR Pisa INSTM, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
   [Sohn, Karen E.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Krishnan, S (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.
EM skrishna@clarkson.edu
RI Krishnan, Sitaraman/C-5559-2011
OI Krishnan, Sitaraman/0000-0002-1228-8393
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences; National Science Foundation; Army Research Office
   [W911NF-05-1-0339]; The Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0170];
   Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development
   Program (SERDP) [WP-1454]; EU; NSF [DMR-0704539]
FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National
   Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. S.K. would like to thank Dr.
   Jonathan Shu for help with XPS data acquisition using facilities at the
   Cornell Center for Materials Research, a Materials Research Science and
   Engineering Center funded by the National Science Foundation. S.K.
   gratefully acknowledges partial support from the Army Research Office
   grant W911NF-05-1-0339. The Office of Naval Research grant
   N00014-02-1-0170 to C.K.O. and E.J.K., and the Department of Defense's
   Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) grant
   WP-1454 to C.K.O. are also acknowledged. E.M. and G.G. thank the EU for
   financial support through Framework 6 Integrated Project AMBIO (Advanced
   Nanostructured Surfaces for the Control of Biofouling). K.E.S. and
   E.J.K. acknowledge partial support from an NSF Graduate Fellowship and
   the NSF Polymers Program (DMR-0704539).
NR 53
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 40
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD MAY 25
PY 2010
VL 43
IS 10
BP 4733
EP 4743
DI 10.1021/ma902866x
PG 11
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 595YG
UT WOS:000277649500041
ER

PT J
AU Natarajan, CM
   Peruzzo, A
   Miki, S
   Sasaki, M
   Wang, Z
   Baek, B
   Nam, S
   Hadfield, RH
   O'Brien, JL
AF Natarajan, C. M.
   Peruzzo, A.
   Miki, S.
   Sasaki, M.
   Wang, Z.
   Baek, B.
   Nam, S.
   Hadfield, R. H.
   O'Brien, J. L.
TI Operating quantum waveguide circuits with superconducting single-photon
   detectors
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE directional couplers; elemental semiconductors; quantum computing;
   silicon radiation detectors; SQUIDs; superconducting photodetectors
ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL CAVITY; INTERFERENCE; ENTANGLEMENT; LIMIT
AB Advanced quantum information science and technology (QIST) applications place exacting demands on optical components. Quantum waveguide circuits offer a route to scalable QIST on a chip. Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) provide infrared single-photon sensitivity combined with low dark counts and picosecond timing resolution. In this study, we bring these two technologies together. Using SSPDs we observe a two-photon interference visibility of 92.3 +/- 1.0% in a silica-on-silicon waveguide directional coupler at lambda=804 nm-higher than that measured with silicon detectors (89.9 +/- 0.3%). We further operated controlled-NOT gate and quantum metrology circuits with SSPDs. These demonstrations present a clear path to telecom-wavelength quantum waveguide circuits. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3413948]
C1 [Natarajan, C. M.; Hadfield, R. H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Peruzzo, A.; O'Brien, J. L.] Univ Bristol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ctr Quantum Photon, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1UB, Avon, England.
   [Miki, S.; Sasaki, M.; Wang, Z.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol NICT, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan.
   [Baek, B.; Nam, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Natarajan, CM (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM jeremy.obrien@bristol.ac.uk
RI Peruzzo, Alberto/E-2113-2011; O'Brien, Jeremy/A-6290-2008; Hadfield,
   Robert/L-8081-2013; Natarajan, Chandra/C-3230-2014; Natarajan,
   Chandra/O-5521-2015; 
OI Peruzzo, Alberto/0000-0002-7953-3875; Hadfield,
   Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; O'Brien, Jeremy/0000-0002-3576-8285
FU EPSRC; QIP IRC; IARPA; ERC; Leverhulme Trust; NSQI; Royal Society
FX We thank Jonathan Matthews for useful discussions. This work was
   supported by EPSRC, QIP IRC, IARPA, ERC, the Leverhulme Trust, and NSQI.
   RHH is supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship.
   J.L.O'B. acknowledges a Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award.
NR 29
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 24
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 21
AR 211101
DI 10.1063/1.3413948
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 603BP
UT WOS:000278183200001
ER

PT J
AU Neubrech, F
   Garcia-Etxarri, A
   Weber, D
   Bochterle, J
   Shen, H
   de la Chapelle, ML
   Bryant, GW
   Aizpurua, J
   Pucci, A
AF Neubrech, F.
   Garcia-Etxarri, A.
   Weber, D.
   Bochterle, J.
   Shen, H.
   de la Chapelle, M. Lamy
   Bryant, G. W.
   Aizpurua, J.
   Pucci, A.
TI Defect-induced activation of symmetry forbidden infrared resonances in
   individual metallic nanorods
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; PLASMONIC NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES;
   MOLECULES; ARRAYS
AB We report on the observation of second-order infrared (IR) plasmon resonances in lithographically prepared gold nanorods investigated by means of far-field microscopic IR spectroscopy. In addition to the fundamental antennalike mode, even and odd higher order resonances are observed under normal incidence of light. The activation of even-order modes under normal incidence is surprising since even orders are dipole-forbidden because of their centrosymmetric charge density oscillation. Performing atomic force microscopy and calculations with the boundary element method, we determine that excitation of even modes is enabled by symmetry breaking by structural deviations of the rods from an ideal, straight shape. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3437093]
C1 [Neubrech, F.; Weber, D.; Bochterle, J.; Pucci, A.] Univ Heidelberg, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
   [Garcia-Etxarri, A.; Aizpurua, J.] CSIC UPV EHU, Ctr Fis Mat, DIPC, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain.
   [Shen, H.] Univ Technol Troyes, Inst Charles Delaunay, CNRS, FRE 2848, F-10010 Troyes, France.
   [de la Chapelle, M. Lamy] Univ Paris 13, Lab CSPBAT, FRE 3043, UFR SMBH, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
   [Bryant, G. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Neubrech, F (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
EM neubrech@kip.uni-heidelberg.de; aitzol_garcia@ehu.es
RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol/B-7311-2008;
   Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR.,
   DIPC/C-3171-2014
OI Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol/0000-0002-5867-2390; Aizpurua,
   Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; 
FU "Nanoantenna" collaborative European project [HEALTH-F5-2009-241818];
   DAAD; Partenariat Hubert Curien Procope Program; Egide Organisation;
   Conseil Regional de Champagne Ardenne; Heidelberg Graduate School of
   Fundamental Physics; FRONTIER; Spanish Ministry of Innovation and
   Science [FIS2007-66711-C02-01]
FX We gratefully thank P. Nordlander and acknowledge funding within the
   "Nanoantenna" collaborative European project (No.
   HEALTH-F5-2009-241818). We gratefully thank M. Supfle, B. Gasharova, and
   Y.-L. Mathis for their support at ANKA. The authors from the University
   of Heidelberg, University of Troyes, and University of Paris 13
   acknowledge financial support by the DAAD and Partenariat Hubert Curien
   Procope Program, the Egide Organisation, and the Conseil Regional de
   Champagne Ardenne. D. W. acknowledges financial support by the
   Heidelberg Graduate School of Fundamental Physics, F.N. acknowledges
   financial support by the FRONTIER project. J.A. and A. G. E. acknowledge
   financial support from National Project No. FIS2007-66711-C02-01 from
   the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science.
NR 25
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 24
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 21
AR 213111
DI 10.1063/1.3437093
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 603BP
UT WOS:000278183200064
ER

PT J
AU Olaya, D
   Dresselhaus, PD
   Benz, SP
   Herr, A
   Herr, QP
   Ioannidis, AG
   Miller, DL
   Kleinsasser, AW
AF Olaya, David
   Dresselhaus, Paul D.
   Benz, Samuel P.
   Herr, Anna
   Herr, Quentin P.
   Ioannidis, Alexander G.
   Miller, Donald L.
   Kleinsasser, A. W.
TI Digital circuits using self-shunted Nb/NbxSi1-x/Nb Josephson junctions
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE critical current density (superconductivity); digital circuits;
   Josephson effect; niobium compounds; shift registers
ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; FREQUENCY; TECHNOLOGY
AB Superconducting digital circuits based on Josephson junctions with amorphous niobium-silicon (a-NbSi) barriers have been designed, fabricated, and tested. Single-flux-quantum (SFQ) shift registers operated with +/- 30% bias margins, confirming junction reproducibility and uniformity. Static digital dividers operated up to 165 GHz for a single value of bias current, which was only marginally slower than circuits fabricated with externally shunted AlOx-barrier junctions having a comparable critical current density of 4.5 kA/cm(2). In comparison, self-shunted a-NbSi junctions enabled a doubling in circuit density. This and their relatively thick 10 nm barriers could increase the yield of complex SFQ circuits. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3432065]
C1 [Olaya, David; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Herr, Anna; Herr, Quentin P.; Ioannidis, Alexander G.; Miller, Donald L.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Linthicum, MD 21203 USA.
   [Kleinsasser, A. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Olaya, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM david.olaya@nist.gov
FU Defense Microelectronics Activity [H94003-04-D-0004-0091]
FX The authors acknowledge useful conversations with H. Rogalla and J.
   Niemeyer, and the valuable help of G. L. Kerber at JPL. This work was
   supported in part by the Defense Microelectronics Activity under
   Contract No. H94003-04-D-0004-0091. U.S. government work, not subjected
   to U.S. copyright.
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 24
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 21
AR 213510
DI 10.1063/1.3432065
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 603BP
UT WOS:000278183200086
ER

PT J
AU Davanco, M
   Srinivasan, K
AF Davanco, Marcelo
   Srinivasan, Kartik
TI Hybrid gap modes induced by fiber taper waveguides: Application in
   spectroscopy of single solid-state emitters deposited on thin films
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUORESCENCE; MOLECULES; EMISSION; TERPHENYL; TERRYLENE; CRYSTAL;
   POLYMER; LIGHT; SCALE
AB We show, via simulations, that an optical fiber taper waveguide can be an efficient tool for photoluminescence and resonant, extinction spectroscopy of single emitters, such as molecules or colloidal quantum dots, deposited on the surface of a thin dielectric membrane. Placed over a high refractive index membrane, a tapered fiber waveguide induces the formation of hybrid mode waves, akin to dielectric slotted waveguide modes, that provide strong field confinement in the low index gap region. The availability of such gap-confined waves yields potentially high spontaneous emission enhancement factors (approximate to 20), fluorescence collection efficiencies (approximate to 23%), and transmission extinction (approximate to 20%) levels. A factor of two improvement in fluorescence and extinction levels is predicted if the membrane is instead replaced with a suspended channel waveguide. Two configurations, for operation in the visible (approximate to 600 nm) and near-infrared (approximate to 1300 nm) spectral ranges are evaluated, presenting similar performances. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mdavanco@nist.gov
RI Srinivasan, Kartik/D-6369-2010
FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter
FX This work has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter
   Cooperative Agreement.
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD MAY 24
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 11
BP 10995
EP 11007
DI 10.1364/OE.18.010995
PG 13
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 607OB
UT WOS:000278512300009
PM 20588955
ER

PT J
AU Teerasong, S
   Chan-Eam, S
   Sereenonchai, K
   Amornthammarong, N
   Ratanawimarnwong, N
   Nacapricha, D
AF Teerasong, S.
   Chan-Eam, S.
   Sereenonchai, K.
   Amornthammarong, N.
   Ratanawimarnwong, N.
   Nacapricha, D.
TI A reagent-free SIA module for monitoring of sugar, color and dissolved
   CO2 content in soft drinks
SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Flow Analysis Conference
CY SEP 14-18, 2009
CL Univ Balear Isl, Mallorca, SPAIN
SP Japanese Assoc Flow Inject Anal, Spanish Minist Educ, Govt Balear Isl, Sa Nostra, CRISON Instruments, TIRME, SCIWARE
HO Univ Balear Isl
DE Sucrose content; Dissolved CO2; Schlieren effect; Membraneless; Soft
   drink; Sequential injection analysis
ID FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SCHLIEREN
   EFFECT MEASUREMENTS; SEQUENTIAL INJECTION; FRUIT JUICES; ESTUARINE
   WATERS; DETECTION CELL; BEVERAGES; DETECTOR; SUCROSE
AB This work presents a new sequential injection analysis (SIA) method and a module for simultaneous and real-time monitoring of three key parameters for the beverage industry, i.e., the sugar content (measured in Brix), color and dissolved CO2. Detection of the light reflection at the liquid interface (the schlieren effect) of sucrose and water was utilized for sucrose content measurement. A near infrared LED (890 +/- 40 nm) was chosen as the light source to ensure that all the ingredients and dyes in soft drinks will not interfere by contributing light absorption. A linear calibration was obtained for sucrose over a wide concentration range (3.1-46.5 Brix). The same module can be used to monitor the color of the soft drink as well as the dissolved CO2 during production. For measuring the color, the sample is segmented between air plugs to avoid dispersion. An RGB-LED was chosen as the light source in order to make this module applicable to a wide range of colored samples. The module also has a section where dissolved CO2 is measured via vaporization of the gas from the liquid phase. Dissolved CO2, in a flowing acceptor stream of water resulting in the change of the acceptor conductivity, is detected using an in-house capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector ((CD)-D-4). The module includes a vaporization unit that is also used to degas the carbonated drink, prior the measurements of sucrose and color within the same system. The method requires no chemicals and is therefore completely friendly to the environment. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ratanawimarnwong, N.] Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
   [Teerasong, S.] Mahidol Univ, Inst Innovat Learning, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
   [Chan-Eam, S.; Sereenonchai, K.; Nacapricha, D.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
   [Chan-Eam, S.; Sereenonchai, K.; Nacapricha, D.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Ctr Excellence Innovat Chem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
   [Amornthammarong, N.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Ratanawimarnwong, N (reprint author), Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
EM nuanlaorr@swu.ac.th; scdnc@mahidol.ac.th
RI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011
OI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865
NR 40
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0003-2670
J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA
JI Anal. Chim. Acta
PD MAY 23
PY 2010
VL 668
IS 1
SI SI
BP 47
EP 53
DI 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.021
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 604VO
UT WOS:000278306800009
PM 20457301
ER

PT J
AU L'Heureux, M
   Butler, A
   Jha, B
   Kumar, A
   Wang, WQ
AF L'Heureux, Michelle
   Butler, Amy
   Jha, Bhaskar
   Kumar, Arun
   Wang, Wanqiu
TI Unusual extremes in the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation during
   2009
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION;
   SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TRENDS;
   WINTER; PRECIPITATION; PATTERNS; FEEDBACK
AB During 2009, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index was exceptionally negative during four months, which was unprecedented in a 60-year record extending back to 1950. The negative phase of the AO corresponded to a nearly zonally symmetric anomaly of temperature and pressure over the middle-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Consistent with the strong negative phase of the AO, below-average temperatures were also observed over North America and parts of Eurasia during June, July, October, and December 2009. Although the impact of the AO on 2-meter temperatures was near zero when averaged over the entire hemisphere (20 degrees-90 degrees N), positive anomalies were evident in the residual pattern of observed temperature. The residual, along with observed below-average stratospheric temperatures, are consistent with anthropogenic climate projections. The possible implication of the recent negative values on the long-term AO trend is also discussed. Citation: L'Heureux, M., A. Butler, B. Jha, A. Kumar, and W. Wang (2010), Unusual extremes in the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation during 2009, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L10704, doi:10.1029/2010GL043338.
C1 [L'Heureux, Michelle; Butler, Amy; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Jha, Bhaskar] WYLE Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP L'Heureux, M (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM michelle.lheureux@noaa.gov
RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013
OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706
NR 25
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 21
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L10704
DI 10.1029/2010GL043338
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 600DE
UT WOS:000277963700005
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, RJ
   Pristinski, D
   Migler, K
   Douglas, JF
   Prabhu, VM
AF Murphy, Ryan J.
   Pristinski, Denis
   Migler, Kalman
   Douglas, Jack F.
   Prabhu, Vivek M.
TI Dynamic light scattering investigations of nanoparticle aggregation
   following a light-induced pH jump
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIMITED COLLOID AGGREGATION; IMMERSION LITHOGRAPHY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES;
   KINETICS; PROBES; CELLS; TUMOR
AB There are many important processes where the stability of nanoparticles can change due to changes in solution environment. These processes are often difficult to study under controlled changes to the solution conditions. Dynamic light scattering was used to measure the initial kinetics of aggregation of carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles after well-defined pH jumps using aqueous solutions of photoacid generator (PAG). With this approach, the pH of the solution was controlled by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light without the delays from mixing or stirring. The aggregation kinetics of the nanoparticles was extremely sensitive to the solution pH. The UV exposure dose is inversely correlated with the resulting surface charge of the nanoparticles. Decreasing pH decreases the electrostatic repulsion force between particles and leads to aggregation. The reaction-limited or diffusion-limited aggregation kinetics was sensitive to the pH quench depth, relative to the acid-equilibrium constant (pK(a)) of the surface carboxylic acid groups on the nanoparticles. Since numerous PAGs are commercially available, this approach provides a flexible method to study the aggregation of a variety of solvent-dispersed nanoparticle systems. [doi: 10.1063/1.3425883]
C1 [Murphy, Ryan J.; Pristinski, Denis; Migler, Kalman; Douglas, Jack F.; Prabhu, Vivek M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), CNRS Rhodia UPenn, Complex Assemblies Soft Matter UMI 3254, Bristol, PA 19007 USA.
EM ryan.murphy@us.rhodia.com; vprabhu@nist.gov
FU National Research Council-National Institute of Standards and Technology
   (NIST)
FX R.J.M. acknowledges support through the National Research
   Council-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
   Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. We thank Dr. Nadia Edwin (NIST) for the
   technical assistance in nanoparticle handling and use of DLS during the
   initial stages of this work. This is an official contribution of the
   National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright
   in the United States.
NR 26
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 36
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 21
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 19
AR 194903
DI 10.1063/1.3425883
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 600FN
UT WOS:000277970100045
PM 20499988
ER

PT J
AU Tucker, SC
   Banta, RM
   Langford, AO
   Senff, CJ
   Brewer, WA
   Williams, EJ
   Lerner, BM
   Osthoff, HD
   Hardesty, RM
AF Tucker, Sara C.
   Banta, Robert M.
   Langford, Andrew O.
   Senff, Christoph J.
   Brewer, W. Alan
   Williams, Eric J.
   Lerner, Brian M.
   Osthoff, Hans D.
   Hardesty, R. Michael
TI Relationships of coastal nocturnal boundary layer winds and turbulence
   to Houston ozone concentrations during TexAQS 2006
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL JET; DOPPLER LIDAR; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS;
   SLOPING TERRAIN; VELOCITY; OSCILLATIONS; DISPERSION; IMPACT
AB Measurements made with a ship-based Doppler wind lidar during the summertime 2006 Texas Air Quality Study are used to study the relationship between lower-tropospheric vertical structure and winds and ozone (O-3) concentrations in Houston, Texas, under two different flow regimes. We observed that strong southerly flow regimes, dominated by the subtropical anticyclone (Bermuda high) off the Atlantic coast of the United States, resulted in strong (i.e., high wind speed) onshore nocturnal low-level jets (LLJ) and low O-3 and oxidant O-x (where O-x = O-3 + NO2) concentrations at night and the following afternoon. In contrast, periods dominated by northerly or easterly flow resulted in relatively weak (low wind speed), but still onshore, nocturnal LLJs associated with higher concurrent and next-day concentrations of O-3 and O-x. We present lidar data from 24 h example periods for each of these conditions and demonstrate how each type of flow regime is related to in situ ship-based ozone measurements. We expanded the study to include all days during the study when the ship was near Houston, to demonstrate how the strength of the meridional winds aloft show a better relationship to concurrent ship-measured O-x concentrations than the winds near the surface do. We found a strong relationship between a parameterization of the observed nocturnal jets, which reflect the synoptic conditions, to peak hourly O-3 measured the next day at the ship and averaged throughout the Houston/Galveston/Brazoria continuous ambient monitoring stations monitoring network, indicating potential applications for planning air quality.
C1 [Tucker, Sara C.; Senff, Christoph J.; Williams, Eric J.; Lerner, Brian M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Tucker, Sara C.; Banta, Robert M.; Langford, Andrew O.; Senff, Christoph J.; Brewer, W. Alan; Williams, Eric J.; Lerner, Brian M.; Osthoff, Hans D.; Hardesty, R. Michael] NOAA, ESRL, CSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Tucker, SC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM sara.tucker@noaa.gov
RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Hardesty,
   Robert/H-9844-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Brewer, Wm
   Alan/I-3920-2013; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008;
   Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; 
OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165;
   Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493
FU Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ); NOAA
FX Funding for this research was provided by the Texas Commission on
   Environmental Quality (TCEQ) and by NOAA's Health of Atmosphere program.
   The authors would like to thank Scott Sandberg for his help in preparing
   the HRDL instrument for the TexAQS 2006 experiment, Tim Bates for
   serving as the experiment's chief scientist, and the crew of the Ronald
   H. Brown for making the experiment possible. We are also grateful to Dan
   Wolfe and Ludovic Bariteau for the ship- based air-temperature data and
   to John Nielsen-Gammon for his valuable feedback and suggestions for
   this paper.
NR 49
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 21
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D10304
DI 10.1029/2009JD013169
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 600DW
UT WOS:000277965800002
ER

PT J
AU Krycka, KL
   Booth, RA
   Hogg, CR
   Ijiri, Y
   Borchers, JA
   Chen, WC
   Watson, SM
   Laver, M
   Gentile, TR
   Dedon, LR
   Harris, S
   Rhyne, JJ
   Majetich, SA
AF Krycka, K. L.
   Booth, R. A.
   Hogg, C. R.
   Ijiri, Y.
   Borchers, J. A.
   Chen, W. C.
   Watson, S. M.
   Laver, M.
   Gentile, T. R.
   Dedon, L. R.
   Harris, S.
   Rhyne, J. J.
   Majetich, S. A.
TI Core-Shell Magnetic Morphology of Structurally Uniform Magnetite
   Nanoparticles
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SANS; HE-3
AB A new development in small-angle neutron scattering with polarization analysis allows us to directly extract the average spatial distributions of magnetic moments and their correlations with three-dimensional directional sensitivity in any magnetic field. Applied to a collection of spherical magnetite nanoparticles 9.0 nm in diameter, this enhanced method reveals uniformly canted, magnetically active shells in a nominally saturating field of 1.2 T. The shell thickness depends on temperature, and it disappears altogether when the external field is removed, confirming that these canted nanoparticle shells are magnetic, rather than structural, in origin.
C1 [Krycka, K. L.; Borchers, J. A.; Chen, W. C.; Watson, S. M.; Gentile, T. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Booth, R. A.; Hogg, C. R.; Majetich, S. A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   [Ijiri, Y.; Dedon, L. R.; Harris, S.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA.
   [Chen, W. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Laver, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland.
   [Rhyne, J. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Krycka, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015
OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672, DMR-0704178, DMR-0804779];
   Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER40481]
FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by National Science
   Foundation grants DMR-0454672, DMR-0704178, and DMR-0804779 and
   Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-08ER40481. Development of the
   <SUP>3</SUP>He spin filters was supported in part by the Department of
   Energy. We would like to thank Cedric Gagnon of the NIST Center for
   Neutron Research for his efforts in making this experiment successful.
NR 23
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 5
U2 55
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 21
PY 2010
VL 104
IS 20
AR 207203
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.207203
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 599WX
UT WOS:000277945900045
PM 20867056
ER

PT J
AU McKenna, SA
   Etnoyer, P
AF McKenna, Sheila A.
   Etnoyer, Peter
TI Rapid Assessment of Stony Coral Richness and Condition on Saba Bank,
   Netherlands Antilles
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; REEFS; COMMUNITY; IMPACTS; FLORIDA
AB The benthic habitats of Saba Bank (17 degrees 25'N, 63 degrees 30'W) are at risk from maritime traffic, especially oil tankers (e.g., anchoring). To mitigate this risk, information is needed on the biodiversity and location of habitats to develop a zone use plan. A rapid survey to document the biodiversity of macro-algae, sponges, corals and fishes was conducted. Here we report on the richness and condition of stony coral species at 18 select sites, and we test for the effects of bottom type, depth, and distance from platform edge. Species richness was visually assessed by roving scuba diver with voucher specimens of each species collected. Coral tissue was examined for bleaching and diseases. Thirty-three coral species were documented. There were no significant differences in coral composition among bottom types or depth classes (ANOSIM, P>0.05). There was a significant difference between sites (ANOSIM, P<0.05) near and far from the platform edge. The number of coral species observed ranged from zero and one in algal dominated habitats to 23 at a reef habitat on the southern edge of the Bank. Five reef sites had stands of Acropora cervicornis, a critically endangered species on the IUCN redlist. Bleaching was evident at 82% of the sites assessed with 43 colonies bleached. Only three coral colonies were observed to have disease. Combining our findings with that of other studies, a total of 43 species have been documented from Saba Bank. The coral assemblage on the bank is representative and typical of those found elsewhere in the Caribbean. Although our findings will help develop effective protection, more information is needed on Saba Bank to create a comprehensive zone use plan. Nevertheless, immediate action is warranted to protect the diverse coral reef habitats documented here, especially those containing A. cervicornis.
C1 [McKenna, Sheila A.] Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA.
   [McKenna, Sheila A.] Mission Blue, Alameda, CA USA.
   [McKenna, Sheila A.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Ecol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
   [McKenna, Sheila A.] Univ Queensland, Commonwealth Facil Appl Environm Decis Anal AEDA, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
   [Etnoyer, Peter] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA.
RP McKenna, SA (reprint author), Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA.
EM sheilamckenna@yahoo.com
FU Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International;
   Netherlands Antilles Department of Environment and Nature (MINA); Saba
   Bank Conservation Foundation; Saba National Marine Park; Nature
   Foundation St. Maarten; Conservation International
FX The Saba Bank rapid assessment was funded by the Center for Applied
   Biodiversity Science at Conservation International, Netherlands Antilles
   Department of Environment and Nature (MINA) and Saba Bank Conservation
   Foundation. In kind support was provided by Saba National Marine Park
   and Nature Foundation St. Maarten. The publication fees for this
   contribution on the stony corals of Saba Bank are funded by Conservation
   International. The funders had no role in study design, data collection
   and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 18
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 21
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 5
AR e10749
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010749
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 600VQ
UT WOS:000278017400010
PM 20505771
ER

PT J
AU France, K
   Linsky, JL
   Brown, A
   Froning, CS
   Beland, S
AF France, Kevin
   Linsky, Jeffrey L.
   Brown, Alexander
   Froning, Cynthia S.
   Beland, Stephane
TI METAL DEPLETION AND WARM H-2 IN THE BROWN DWARF 2M1207 ACCRETION DISK
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion disks; brown dwarfs; stars: individual (2MASS
   J12073346-3932539); ultraviolet: stars
ID SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; 2-DIMENSIONAL
   RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; HOPKINS ULTRAVIOLET TELESCOPE; PLANETARY-MASS
   COMPANION; TW-HYDRAE ASSOCIATION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS;
   MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; X-RAY; PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; 2MASSW
   J1207334-393254
AB We present new far-ultraviolet observations of the young M8 brown dwarf 2MASS J12073346-3932539, which is surrounded by an accretion disk. The data were obtained using the Hubble Space Telescope-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. Moderate-resolution spectra (R approximate to 17,000-18,000) obtained in the 1150-1750 angstrom and 2770-2830 angstrom bandpasses reveal H-2 emission excited by H I Ly alpha photons, several ionization states of carbon (C I-C IV), and hot gas emission lines of He II and N V (T approximate to 10(4)-10(5) K). Emission from some species that would be found in a typical thermal plasma at this temperature (Si II, Si III, Si IV, and Mg II) is not detected. The non-detections indicate that these refractory elements are depleted into grains, and that accretion shocks dominate the production of the hot gas observed on 2MASS J12073346-3932539. We use the observed C IV luminosity to constrain the mass accretion rate in this system. We use the kinematically broadened H-2 profile to confirm that the majority of the molecular emission arises in the disk, measure the radius of the inner hole of the disk (R-hole approximate to 3R(*)), and constrain the physical conditions of the warm molecular phase of the disk (T(H-2) approximate to 2500-4000 K). A second, most likely unresolved H-2 component is identified. This feature is either near the stellar surface in the region of the accretion shock or in a molecular outflow, although the possibility that this Jovian-like emission arises on the dayside disk of a 6 M-J companion (2M1207b) cannot be conclusively ruled out. In general, we find that this young brown dwarf disk system is a low-mass analog to classical T Tauri stars that are observed to produce H-2 emission from a warm layer in their disks, such as the well-studied TW Hya and DF Tau systems.
C1 [France, Kevin; Froning, Cynthia S.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM kevin.france@colorado.edu
FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043]
FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,
   obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute.
   STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in
   Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.; It is a pleasure to
   acknowledge Greg Herczeg for valuable discussions at several phases of
   this project. K. F. thanks Josh Destree and Charles Danforth for
   technical assistance with the COS LSF and Brian Keeney for reprocessing
   the FUV observations. This work made use of the CHIANTI atomic database,
   CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving the NRL (USA), the
   Universities of Florence (Italy) and Cambridge (UK), and George Mason
   University (USA). This work was support by NASA grants NNX08AC146 and
   NAS5-98043 to the University of Colorado at Boulder.
NR 55
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD MAY 20
PY 2010
VL 715
IS 1
BP 596
EP 605
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/596
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 590HM
UT WOS:000277216100050
ER

PT J
AU Orkin, VL
   Martynova, LE
   Ilichev, AN
AF Orkin, Vladimir L.
   Martynova, Larissa E.
   Ilichev, Alexander N.
TI High-Accuracy Measurements of OH Reaction Rate Constants and IR
   Absorption Spectra: CH2=CF-CF3 and trans-CHF=CH-CF3
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; N-PROPYL BROMIDE;
   ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CL ATOMS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE;
   INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; KINETICS
AB Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with two isomers of tetrafluoropropene, CH2=CF-CF3 (k(1)) and trans-CHF=CH-CF3 (k(2)); were measured using a flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the temperature range 220 to 370 K. The Arrhenius plots were found to exhibit a noticeable curvature. The temperature dependences of the rate constants are very weak and can be represented by the following expressions over the indicated temperature intervals:
   k(1)(220-298 K) = 1.45 x 10(-12) x exp{13/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)
   k(1)(298-370 K) = 4.06 x 10(-13) x (T/298)(1.17) x exp{+296/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)
   k(2)(220-370 K) = 1.115 x 10(-13) x (T/298)(2.03) x exp{+552/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)
   The overall accuracy of the rate constant measurements is estimated to be ca. 2% to 2.5% at the 95% confidence level. The uncertainty of the measured reaction rate constants is discussed in detail. The atmospheric lifetimes due to reactions with tropospheric OH were estimated to be 12 and 19 days respectively under the assumption of a well mixed atmosphere. IR absorption cross-sections were measured for both compounds and their global warming potentials were estimated.
C1 [Orkin, Vladimir L.; Martynova, Larissa E.; Ilichev, Alexander N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Orkin, VL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NIST Measurement Services
   Advisory Group; NATO CLG [ES-P.EAP.CLG.983035]
FX Authors thank Dr. Jay H. Hendricks for the timely manometer calibration
   to the NIST pressure standard and Dr. Anatoly Tereza for the help with
   other calibrations. We thank Dr. Rajiv R. Singh of Honeywell
   International Inc. for providing analyzed samples and useful
   discussions. This work was supported by the Upper Atmosphere Research
   Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and NIST
   Measurement Services Advisory Group. VLO acknowledges the support of
   NATO CLG Program, Grant ES-P.EAP.CLG.983035.
NR 45
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD MAY 20
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 19
BP 5967
EP 5979
DI 10.1021/jp9092817
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 593YU
UT WOS:000277500100003
PM 20429526
ER

PT J
AU Tsao, CS
   Liu, Y
   Li, MD
   Zhang, Y
   Leao, JB
   Chang, HW
   Yu, MS
   Chen, SH
AF Tsao, Cheng-Si
   Liu, Yun
   Li, Mingda
   Zhang, Yang
   Leao, Juscelino B.
   Chang, Hua-Wen
   Yu, Ming-Sheng
   Chen, Sow-Hsin
TI Neutron Scattering Methodology for Absolute Measurement of
   Room-Temperature Hydrogen Storage Capacity and Evidence for Spillover
   Effect in a Pt-Doped Activated Carbon
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; PALLADIUM;
   ENHANCEMENT
AB A neutron scattering methodology is proposed to simultaneously determine the total hydrogen adsorption, the excess hydrogen adsorption, and hydrogen gas confined in the porous sample. This method is capable of an absolute measurement of the hydrogen content without need for any calibration. It involves the least amount of corrections and is not likely to be affected by the instrumental factors compared to the traditional gravimetric and volumetric methods. We used this method to study the physisorption behavior at room temperature (RT) of a Pt-doped activated carbon sample as a function of hydrogen pressure. This method will become a simple and important tool for solving various problems arising from the traditional measurements of RT hydrogen storage capacities. It can be combined with an in situ small-angle neutron scattering to study the hydrogen spillover effect in the kinetic adsorption process. Storage capacity and spatial distribution of the hydrogen adsorbed due to spillover are concurrently revealed.
C1 [Tsao, Cheng-Si; Li, Mingda; Zhang, Yang; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Tsao, Cheng-Si; Chang, Hua-Wen; Yu, Ming-Sheng] Inst Nucl Energy Res, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan.
   [Liu, Yun; Leao, Juscelino B.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM sowhsin@mit.edu
RI Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012
OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153
FU DOE [DE-FG02-90ER45429]
FX The research at MIT is supported by DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-90ER45429. We
   thank the NIST Center for Neutron Research for allocation of beamtime in
   NG-7 SANS. C.-S.T. acknowledges the hospitality of the Department of
   Nuclear Science and Engineering of MIT during his stay as a Visiting
   Scientist.
NR 20
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1948-7185
J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT
JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
PD MAY 20
PY 2010
VL 1
IS 10
BP 1569
EP 1573
DI 10.1021/jz1004472
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 600HP
UT WOS:000277976400011
ER

PT J
AU Lyman, JM
   Good, SA
   Gouretski, VV
   Ishii, M
   Johnson, GC
   Palmer, MD
   Smith, DM
   Willis, JK
AF Lyman, John M.
   Good, Simon A.
   Gouretski, Viktor V.
   Ishii, Masayoshi
   Johnson, Gregory C.
   Palmer, Matthew D.
   Smith, Doug M.
   Willis, Josh K.
TI Robust warming of the global upper ocean
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; HEAT-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; REEVALUATION; VARIABILITY;
   PROFILES; QUALITY; ARGO; XBT
AB A large (similar to 10(23) J) multi-decadal globally averaged warming signal in the upper 300 m of the world's oceans was reported roughly a decade ago(1) and is attributed to warming associated with anthropogenic greenhouse gases(2,3). The majority of the Earth's total energy uptake during recent decades has occurred in the upper ocean(3), but the underlying uncertainties in ocean warming are unclear, limiting our ability to assess closure of sea-level budgets(4-7), the global radiation imbalance(8) and climate models(5). For example, several teams have recently produced different multi-year estimates of the annually averaged global integral of upper-ocean heat content anomalies (hereafter OHCA curves) or, equivalently, the thermosteric sea-level rise(5,9-16). Patterns of inter-annual variability, in particular, differ among methods. Here we examine several sources of uncertainty that contribute to differences among OHCA curves from 1993 to 2008, focusing on the difficulties of correcting biases in expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data. XBT data constitute the majority of the in situ measurements of upper-ocean heat content from 1967 to 2002, and we find that the uncertainty due to choice of XBT bias correction dominates among-method variability in OHCA curves during our 1993-2008 study period. Accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty, a composite of several OHCA curves using different XBT bias corrections still yields a statistically significant linear warming trend for 1993-2008 of 0.64 W m(-2) (calculated for the Earth's entire surface area), with a 90-per-cent confidence interval of 0.53-0.75 W m(-2).
C1 [Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Lyman, John M.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Good, Simon A.; Palmer, Matthew D.; Smith, Doug M.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
   [Gouretski, Viktor V.] Univ Hamburg, D-20144 Hamburg, Germany.
   [Ishii, Masayoshi] Meteorol Res Inst, Climate Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
   [Ishii, Masayoshi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
   [Willis, Josh K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Lyman, JM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM john.lyman@noaa.gov
RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012
OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020
FU US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate
   Program Office; NOAA; DECC/Defra [GA01101]
FX J.M.L. and G.C.J. were funded by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office and NOAA Research. S. A.
   G., M. D. P. and D. M. S. were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra
   Integrated Climate Programme DECC/Defra (GA01101). C. Domingues, S.
   Levitus, T. Boyer, M. Ferrante and D. Trossman provided comments. C.
   Domingues, S. Levitus, and T. Boyer also provided corrected XBT
   profiles. This is Pacific Marine Environment Laboratory contribution
   number 3476 and Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research
   contribution number 09-372.
NR 30
TC 178
Z9 189
U1 6
U2 98
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAY 20
PY 2010
VL 465
IS 7296
BP 334
EP 337
DI 10.1038/nature09043
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 598IO
UT WOS:000277829200037
PM 20485432
ER

PT J
AU Russo, D
   Copley, JRD
   Ollivier, J
   Teixeira, J
AF Russo, Daniela
   Copley, John R. D.
   Ollivier, Jacques
   Teixeira, Jose
TI On the behaviour of water hydrogen bonds at biomolecular sites:
   Dependences on temperature and on network dimensionality
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on Horizons in Hydrogen Bond Research
CY SEP 14-18, 2009
CL Lab Leon-Brillouin CEA-CNRS, Paris, FRANCE
SP CEA Saclay, Univ Gottingen
HO Lab Leon-Brillouin CEA-CNRS
DE Hydration water dynamics; Hydrophobic interaction; Hydrophilic
   interaction; Protein dynamics; Neutron scattering; Hydrogen bond network
ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYDRATION DYNAMICS; PROTEIN SURFACE; MODEL
   PEPTIDES; MOTIONS; REORIENTATION; MOLECULES; MECHANISM; POWDER
AB Neutron scattering experiments have been used to investigate the effects of temperature and network dimensionality (from hydrated powders to highly concentrated solutions) on the hydrogen bond dynamics of hydration water molecules at specific sites in selected biomolecules. With this aim in view, the evolution of hydration water dynamics of a prototypical hydrophobic amino acid with polar backbone, N-acetyl-leucine-methylamide (NALMA), and a hydrophilic amino acid, N-acetyl-glycine-methylamide (NAGMA), has been investigated as a function of temperature.
   We show that the temperature dependence of the diffusive dynamics of water molecules is the same for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides. A comparison between hydrated powders and high concentrated solutions reveals a similar behaviour, particularly for the hydrophobic peptide. On the other hand we find a distinct difference in the behaviour with temperature of the hydrogen bond lifetime in solutions and hydrated powders. Whereas at room temperature the hydrogen bond lifetime is longer in solution than in the hydrated powder, the reverse situation obtains at low temperatures. This result suggests a change in the plasticity of the hydrogen bond network depending on its extension. Differences in the densities of states lend support to this concept. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Russo, Daniela] CNR INFM, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
   [Russo, Daniela] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, CRS Soft, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
   [Copley, John R. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Teixeira, Jose] CEA Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
RP Russo, D (reprint author), CNR INFM, 6 Rue J Horowitz,BP156, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
EM russo@ill.fr
RI Teixeira, Jose/E-6084-2010
NR 27
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-2860
J9 J MOL STRUCT
JI J. Mol. Struct.
PD MAY 19
PY 2010
VL 972
IS 1-3
SI SI
BP 81
EP 86
DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.12.020
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 604VS
UT WOS:000278307200013
ER

PT J
AU Metzger, DC
   Elliott, DG
   Wargo, A
   Park, LK
   Purcell, MK
AF Metzger, David C.
   Elliott, Diane G.
   Wargo, Andrew
   Park, Linda K.
   Purcell, Maureen K.
TI Pathological and immunological responses associated with differential
   survival of Chinook salmon following Renibacterium salmoninarum
   challenge
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bacterial kidney disease; BKD; Histopathology; Reverse-transcriptase
   quantitative PCR; Interferon; Immune-mediated pathology; Resistance;
   Tolerance
ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS;
   LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RAINBOW-TROUT; TRANSFERRIN GENOTYPES;
   GENETIC-VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; LAKE-MICHIGAN; COHO SALMON;
   TSHAWYTSCHA
AB Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are highly susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Previously we demonstrated that introduced Chinook salmon from Lake Michigan, Wisconsin (WI), USA, have higher survival following R. salmoninarum challenge relative to the progenitor stock from Green River, Washington, USA. In the present study, we investigated the pathological and immunological responses that are associated with differential survival in the 2 Chinook salmon stocks following intra-peritoneal R. salmoninarum challenge of 2 different cohort years (2003 and 2005). Histological evaluation revealed delayed appearance of severe granulomatous lesions in the kidney and lower overall prevalence of membranous glomerulopathy in the higher surviving WI stock. The higher survival WI stock had a lower bacterial load at 28 d post-infection, as measured by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). However, at all other time points, bacterial load levels were similar despite higher mortality in the more susceptible Green River stock, suggesting the possibility that the stocks may differ in their tolerance to infection by the bacterium. Interferon-gamma, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Mx-1, and transferrin gene expression were up-regulated in both stocks following challenge. A trend of higher iNOS gene expression at later time points (>= 28 d post-infection) was observed in the lower surviving Green River stock, suggesting the possibility that higher iNOS expression may contribute to greater pathology in that stock.
C1 [Metzger, David C.; Elliott, Diane G.; Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Metzger, David C.; Park, Linda K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Wargo, Andrew] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM mpurcell@usgs.gov
RI PONNERASSERY, Sudheesh/C-4589-2014; 
OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433
FU US Geological Survey, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA); Great
   Lake Fisheries Trust [2008.966]
FX The authors are grateful for the support provided by S. Marcquenski
   (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources) and M. Wilson (Washington
   Department of Fish and Wildlife). The authors acknowledge the technical
   assistance of S. Alcorn, A. L. Murray, L. M. Applegate, C. McKibben, and
   C. Conway at the Western Fisheries Research Center. Funding for this
   project was provided by the US Geological Survey, National Marine
   Fisheries Service (NOAA), and the Great Lake Fisheries Trust (Project
   No. 2008.966). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this
   publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such
   use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US
   Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or
   service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable,
NR 37
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 16
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD MAY 18
PY 2010
VL 90
IS 1
BP 31
EP 41
DI 10.3354/dao02214
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 611ZA
UT WOS:000278862800004
PM 20597428
ER

PT J
AU Deser, C
   Phillips, AS
   Alexander, MA
AF Deser, Clara
   Phillips, Adam S.
   Alexander, Michael A.
TI Twentieth century tropical sea surface temperature trends revisited
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH PACIFIC; CLIMATE; DATASET; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY;
   ICOADS; WINTER
AB This study compares the global distribution of 20th century SST and marine air temperature trends from a wide variety of data sets including un-interpolated archives as well as globally-complete reconstructions. Apart from the eastern equatorial Pacific, all datasets show consistency in their statistically significant trends, with warming everywhere except the far northwestern Atlantic; the largest warming trends are found in the middle latitudes of both hemispheres. Two of the SST reconstructions exhibit statistically significant cooling trends over the eastern equatorial Pacific, in disagreement with the un-interpolated SST and marine air temperature datasets which show statistically significant warming in this region. Twentieth century trends in tropical marine cloudiness, precipitation and SLP from independent data sets provide physically consistent evidence for a reduction in the strength of the atmospheric Walker Circulation accompanied by an eastward shift of deep convection from the western to the central equatorial Pacific. Citation: Deser, C., A. S. Phillips, and M. A. Alexander (2010), Twentieth century tropical sea surface temperature trends revisited, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L10701, doi:10.1029/2010GL043321.
C1 [Deser, Clara; Phillips, Adam S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Deser, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM cdeser@ucar.edu
RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011
OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; 
NR 20
TC 162
Z9 166
U1 7
U2 36
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 18
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L10701
DI 10.1029/2010GL043321
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 600CZ
UT WOS:000277963100005
ER

PT J
AU Sha, XW
   Cohen, RE
AF Sha, Xianwei
   Cohen, R. E.
TI Elastic isotropy of epsilon-Fe under Earth's core conditions
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-PRESSURE ELASTICITY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; INNERMOST INNER-CORE;
   X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; IN-SITU; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FREE OSCILLATIONS; WAVE
   PROPAGATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; IRON
AB Our first-principles calculations show that both the compressional and shear waves of epsilon-Fe become elastically isotropic under the Earth's inner core conditions, with the variation in sound velocities along different angles from the c axis within 1%. We computed the thermoelasticity at high pressures and temperatures from quasiharmonic linear response linear-muffin-tin-orbital calculations in the generalized-gradient approximation. The calculated anisotropic shape and magnitude at ambient temperature agree well with previous first-principles predictions, and the anisotropic effects show strong temperature dependences. This implies that other mechanisms, rather than the preferential alignment of the epsilon-Fe crystal along the Earth's rotation axis, account for the seismic P-wave travel time anomalies. Either the inner core is not epsilon-Fe, and/or the seismologically observed anisotropy is caused by inhomogeneity, i.e., multiple phases. Citation: Sha, X., and R. E. Cohen (2010), Elastic isotropy of epsilon-Fe under Earth's core conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L10302, doi:10.1029/2009GL042224.
C1 [Sha, Xianwei; Cohen, R. E.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
RP Sha, XW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM xianweisha@gmail.com; cohen@ciw.edu
RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010
OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359
FU DOE ASCI/ASAP [B341492]; DOE [w-7405-ENG-48]; NSF [EAR-0738061];
   Carnegie Institution of Washington
FX We thank S. Y. Savrasov for agreement to use his codes and many helpful
   discussions. This work was supported by DOE ASCI/ASAP subcontract
   B341492 to Caltech DOE w-7405-ENG-48 and NSF grant EAR-0738061.
   Computations were performed on the Opteron Cluster at the Geophysical
   Laboratory and ALC cluster at Lawrence Liver-more National Lab,
   supported by DOE and the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
NR 57
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 18
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L10302
DI 10.1029/2009GL042224
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 600CZ
UT WOS:000277963100001
ER

PT J
AU Fuhrmanek, A
   Lance, AM
   Tuchendler, C
   Grangier, P
   Sortais, YRP
   Browaeys, A
AF Fuhrmanek, A.
   Lance, A. M.
   Tuchendler, C.
   Grangier, P.
   Sortais, Y. R. P.
   Browaeys, A.
TI Imaging a single atom in a time-of-flight experiment
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB We perform fluorescence imaging of a single (87)Rb atom after its release from an optical dipole trap. The time-of-flight expansion of the atomic spatial density distribution is observed by accumulating many single atom images. The position of the atom is revealed with a spatial resolution close to 1 mu m by a single-photon event, induced by a short resonant probe. The expansion yields a measure of the temperature of a single atom, which is in very good agreement with the value obtained by an independent measurement based on a release-and-recapture method. The analysis presented in this paper provides a way of calibrating an imaging system useful for experimental studies involving a few atoms confined in a dipole trap.
C1 [Fuhrmanek, A.; Tuchendler, C.; Grangier, P.; Sortais, Y. R. P.; Browaeys, A.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Opt, Lab Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France.
   [Lance, A. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Lance, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sortais, YRP (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Opt, Lab Charles Fabry, Campus Polytech,2 Ave Augustin Fresnel,RD 128, F-91127 Palaiseau, France.
EM yvan.sortais@institutoptique.fr
RI Browaeys, Antoine/E-1547-2017
FU IARPA; IFRAF (Institut Francilien de Recherche sur les Atomes Froids);
   PPF; European Union
FX We acknowledge support from IARPA, IFRAF (Institut Francilien de
   Recherche sur les Atomes Froids), PPF 'Manipulation d'atomes froids par
   des lasers de puissance' and PPF 'Information quantique', and from the
   European Union through the Integrated Projects AQUTE and ERC ARENA.
NR 15
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD MAY 18
PY 2010
VL 12
AR 053028
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/5/053028
PG 13
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 609CP
UT WOS:000278633000001
ER

PT J
AU Teague, LC
   Jurchescu, OD
   Richter, CA
   Subramanian, S
   Anthony, JE
   Jackson, TN
   Gundlach, DJ
   Kushmerick, JG
AF Teague, Lucile C.
   Jurchescu, Oana D.
   Richter, Curt A.
   Subramanian, Sankar
   Anthony, John E.
   Jackson, Thomas N.
   Gundlach, David J.
   Kushmerick, James G.
TI Probing stress effects in single crystal organic transistors by scanning
   Kelvin probe microscopy
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE organic compounds; scanning probe microscopy; thin film transistors
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SOLUBLE
   ANTHRADITHIOPHENE; INTERFACE
AB We report scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) of single crystal difluoro bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF-TESADT) organic transistors. SKPM provides a direct measurement of the intrinsic charge transport in the crystals independent of contact effects and reveals that degradation of device performance occurs over a time period of minutes as the diF-TESADT crystal becomes charged. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3389493]
C1 [Teague, Lucile C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
   [Jurchescu, Oana D.; Richter, Curt A.; Gundlach, David J.; Kushmerick, James G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Jurchescu, Oana D.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA 16802 USA.
   [Subramanian, Sankar; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
RP Teague, LC (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
EM lucile.teague@srnl.doe.gov
RI Jackson, Thomas/A-4224-2012; 
OI Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888
FU SRNL LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC09-08SR22470]; U.S.
   Government
FX T. gratefully acknowledges financial support under the SRNL LDRD
   program. This document was prepared in conjunction with work
   accomplished under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 with the U.S.
   Department of Energy.; This work was prepared under an agreement with
   and funded by the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government or its
   employees, nor any of its contractors, subcontractors or their
   employees, makes any express or implied: 1. warranty or assumes any
   legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or for the use or
   results of such use of any information, product, or process disclosed;
   or 2. representation that such use or results of such use would not
   infringe privately owned rights; or 3. endorsement or recommendation of
   any specifically identified commercial product, process, or service. Any
   views and opinions of authors expressed in this work do not necessarily
   state or reflect those of the United States Government, or its
   contractors, or subcontractors. The United States Government retains,
   and by accepting the article for publication, the publisher acknowledges
   that the United States Government retains, a nonexclusive, paid up,
   irrevocable worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form
   of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government
   purposes.
NR 13
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U1 2
U2 23
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 17
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 20
AR 203305
DI 10.1063/1.3389493
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 600FJ
UT WOS:000277969700065
ER

PT J
AU Dickerson, BR
   Ream, RR
   Vignieri, SN
   Bentzen, P
AF Dickerson, Bobette R.
   Ream, Rolf R.
   Vignieri, Sacha N.
   Bentzen, Paul
TI Population Structure as Revealed by mtDNA and Microsatellites in
   Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus, throughout Their Range
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PUP
   PRODUCTION; CONTROL-REGION; SITE FIDELITY; DIFFERENTIATION;
   MITOCHONDRIAL; SEQUENCES; GENETICS
AB Background: The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus; NFS) is a widely distributed pinniped that has been shown to exhibit a high degree of philopatry to islands, breeding areas on an island, and even to specific segments of breeding areas. This level of philopatry could conceivably lead to highly genetically divergent populations. However, northern fur seals have the potential for dispersal across large distances and have experienced repeated rapid population expansions following glacial retreat and the more recent cessation of intensive harvest pressure.
   Methodology/Principal Findings: Using microsatellite and mitochondrial loci, we examined population structure in NFS throughout their range. We found only weak population genetic structure among breeding islands including significant F(ST) and Phi(ST) values between eastern and western Pacific islands.
   Conclusions: We conclude that insufficient time since rapid population expansion events (both post glacial and following the cessation of intense harvest pressure) mixed with low levels of contemporary migration have resulted in an absence of genetic structure across the entire northern fur seal range.
C1 [Dickerson, Bobette R.; Ream, Rolf R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mol Ecol Res Lab, Natl Marine Mammal Lab,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Vignieri, Sacha N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Bentzen, Paul] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada.
RP Dickerson, BR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mol Ecol Res Lab, Natl Marine Mammal Lab,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Bobette.Dickerson@noaa.gov
FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center
FX Funding came from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The funders had
   no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
   publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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U1 2
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PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 17
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 5
AR e10671
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010671
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 597QK
UT WOS:000277773700014
PM 20498854
ER

PT J
AU Tolimieri, N
   Anderson, MJ
AF Tolimieri, Nick
   Anderson, Marti J.
TI Taxonomic Distinctness of Demersal Fishes of the California Current:
   Moving Beyond Simple Measures of Diversity for Marine Ecosystem-Based
   Management
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-SCALE PATTERNS; SPECIES RICHNESS; GROUNDFISH ASSEMBLAGES;
   BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; COMMUNITY DIVERSITY;
   MEDITERRANEAN SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MACROBEN DATABASE; ATLANTIC
AB Background: Large-scale patterns or trends in species diversity have long interested ecologists. The classic pattern is for diversity (e. g., species richness) to decrease with increasing latitude. Taxonomic distinctness is a diversity measure based on the relatedness of the species within a sample. Here we examined patterns of taxonomic distinctness in relation to latitude (ca. 32-48 degrees N) and depth (ca. 50-1220 m) for demersal fishes on the continental shelf and slope of the US Pacific coast.
   Methodology/Principal Findings: Both average taxonomic distinctness (AvTD) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (VarTD) changed with latitude and depth. AvTD was highest at approximately 500 m and lowest at around 200 m bottom depth. Latitudinal trends in AvTD were somewhat weaker and were depth-specific. AvTD increased with latitude on the shelf (50-150 m) but tended to decrease with latitude at deeper depths. Variation in taxonomic distinctness (VarTD) was highest around 300 m. As with AvTD, latitudinal trends in VarTD were depth-specific. On the shelf (50-150 m), VarTD increased with latitude, while in deeper areas the patterns were more complex. Closer inspection of the data showed that the number and distribution of species within the class Chondrichthyes were the primary drivers of the overall patterns seen in AvTD and VarTD, while the relatedness and distribution of species in the order Scorpaeniformes appeared to cause the relatively low observed values of AvTD at around 200 m.
   Conclusions/Significance: These trends contrast to some extent the patterns seen in earlier studies for species richness and evenness in demersal fishes along this coast and add to our understanding of diversity of the demersal fishes of the California Current.
C1 [Tolimieri, Nick] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Anderson, Marti J.] Massey Univ, Inst Informat & Math Sci, Auckland, New Zealand.
RP Tolimieri, N (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
EM nick.tolimieri@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Fisheries (Northwest Fisheries Science Center); Royal Society of
   New Zealand Marsden [MAU0713]
FX This research was supported in part by NOAA Fisheries (Northwest
   Fisheries Science Center). The funders had no role in study design, data
   collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
   manuscript. M.J. Anderson was partially supported by a Royal Society of
   New Zealand Marsden Grant, no. MAU0713 and also by a Research
   Associateship from the US National Research Council, through C. Jordan
   at NOAA.
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PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 17
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 5
AR e10653
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010653
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 597QK
UT WOS:000277773700006
PM 20498727
ER

PT J
AU Kidston, J
   Gerber, EP
AF Kidston, J.
   Gerber, E. P.
TI Intermodel variability of the poleward shift of the austral jet stream
   in the CMIP3 integrations linked to biases in 20th century climatology
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUCTUATION-DISSIPATION THEOREM; TIME-SCALE; CIRCULATION
AB Future climate predictions by global circulation models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) archive indicate that the recent poleward shift of the eddy-driven jet streams will continue throughout the 21st century. Here it is shown that differences in the projected magnitude of the trend in the Southern Hemisphere are well correlated with biases in the latitude of the jet in the simulation of 20th century climate. Furthermore, the latitude of the jet in the models' 20th century climatology is correlated with biases in the internal variability of the jet stream, as quantified by the time scale of the annular mode. Thus an equatorward bias in the position of the jet is associated with both enhanced persistence of the annular mode, and an increased poleward shift of the jet. These relationships appear to be robust throughout the year except in the austral summer, when differences in forcing, particularly stratospheric ozone, make it impossible to compare the response of one model with another. These results suggest that the fidelity of a model's simulation of the 20th century climate may be related to its fitness for climate prediction. The cause of this relationship is discussed, as well as the implications for climate change projections. Citation: Kidston, J., and E. P. Gerber (2010), Inter-model variability of the poleward shift of the austral jet stream in the CMIP3 integrations linked to biases in 20th century climatology, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09708, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042873.
C1 [Kidston, J.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
   [Gerber, E. P.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA.
RP Kidston, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM joseph.kidston@noaa.gov; gerber@cims.nyu.edu
FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA [NA07OAR4310320]; NSF
   [AGS-0938325]
FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an
   earlier draft of the manuscript, and acknowledge the modeling groups,
   the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and
   the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in
   making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this
   dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy.
   J. Kidston and E. Gerber gratefully acknowledge partial support from
   NOAA grant NA07OAR4310320 and NSF grant AGS-0938325, respectively.
NR 21
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L09708
DI 10.1029/2010GL042873
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 596SH
UT WOS:000277705200006
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, M
   McMichael, RD
AF Zhu, M.
   McMichael, R. D.
TI Modification of edge mode dynamics by oxidation in Ni80Fe20 thin film
   edges
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PERMALLOY-FILMS; TECHNOLOGY; ROUGHNESS; REVERSAL; SURFACE; PLASMA
AB We use "edge mode" ferromagnetic resonance to probe the magnetic properties of oxidized Ni80Fe20 (Py) nanostripe edges. The oxidation is carried out using either oxygen plasma or thermal annealing in an oxygen ambient. We find that for both treatments the edge saturation field decreases systematically with increasing oxidation due to reduced magnetization near the edges. However, the change of effective out-of-plane anisotropy field shows opposite trends for these two oxidation methods. Micromagnetic simulations suggest that thermally annealed samples may have an additional reduction in the bulk magnetization, possibly due to a compositional change in Py stripes. The two distinct oxidation profiles also result in different changes in resonance linewidth; we find little damping change for plasma treatment but an enhanced effective damping for thermal annealing. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3393966]
C1 [Zhu, M.; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Zhu, M.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Zhu, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM meng.zhu@nist.gov; robert.mcmichael@nist.gov
RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; 
OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
FU NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter
FX We thank Gerard Henein, Lei Chen, Michael Hernandez, and Marc Cangemi
   for help with fabrication. And we thank Paul Morrow for oxidation
   recipes and John Read for allocating FMR instrument time. This work has
   been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative
   Agreement.
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U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 10
AR 103908
DI 10.1063/1.3393966
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 603BH
UT WOS:000278182400097
ER

PT J
AU Horodysky, AZ
   Brill, RW
   Warrant, EJ
   Musick, JA
   Latour, RJ
AF Horodysky, Andrij Z.
   Brill, Richard W.
   Warrant, Eric J.
   Musick, John A.
   Latour, Robert J.
TI Comparative visual function in four piscivorous fishes inhabiting
   Chesapeake Bay
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE electroretinography; fish; flicker fusion frequency; spectral
   sensitivity; piscivore; visual ecology
ID SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; SEA FISHES; DEEP-SEA; CRITICAL ILLUMINATION;
   JUVENILE WEAKFISH; UNDERWATER LIGHT; PIGMENTS; PREY; TURBIDITY; BEHAVIOR
AB Maintaining optimal visual performance is a difficult task in photodynamic coastal and estuarine waters because of the unavoidable tradeoffs between luminous sensitivity and spatial and temporal resolution, yet the visual systems of coastal piscivores remain understudied despite differences in their ecomorphology and microhabitat use. We therefore used electroretinographic techniques to describe the light sensitivities, temporal properties and spectral sensitivities of the visual systems of four piscivorous fishes common to coastal and estuarine waters of the western North Atlantic: striped bass (Morone saxatilis), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Benthic summer flounder exhibited higher luminous sensitivity and broader dynamic range than the three pelagic foragers. The former were at the more sensitive end of an emerging continuum for coastal fishes. By contrast, pelagic species were comparatively less sensitive, but showed larger day-night differences, consistent with their use of diel light-variant photic habitats. Flicker fusion frequency experiments revealed significant interspecific differences at maximum intensities that correlated with lifestyle and habitat. Spectral responses of most species spanned 400-610nm, with significant day-night differences in striped bass and bluefish. Anadromous striped bass additionally responded to longer wavelengths, similar to many freshwater fishes. Collectively, these results suggest that pelagic piscivores are well adapted to bright photoclimates, which may be at odds with the modern state of eutrified coastal and estuarine waters that they utilize. Recent anthropogenic degradation of water quality in coastal environments, at a pace faster than the evolution of visual systems, may impede visually foraging piscivores, change selected prey, and eventually restructure ecosystems.
C1 [Horodysky, Andrij Z.; Musick, John A.; Latour, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
   [Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Warrant, Eric J.] Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, Vis Grp, Lund, Sweden.
RP Horodysky, AZ (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
EM andrij.horodysky@hamptonu.edu
FU Virginia Sportfish Development Fund; Virginia Marine Resources
   Commission; National Marine Fisheries Service; International Women's
   Fishing Association; Swedish Research Council (VR)
FX We thank Captain S. Wray, J. Lucy, J. Smith and P. Lynch, and the
   vessels Bada Bing and Sea Beaver, for their assistance collecting study
   animals. M. Patterson, S. Johnsen and L. Litherland kindly provided
   comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. K. Fritsches and L.
   Litherland patiently provided assistance with lamp calibrations and
   electroretinographic experiments, and M. Luckenbach, R. Bonniwell and S.
   Fate provided logistical assistance and extreme flexibility in support
   of these experiments. Assistance with animal husbandry was graciously
   provided by A. Buchheister, P. Lynch, C. Magel, S. Musick, T. Nania, L.
   Rose and J. Woodward. This research was funded by the Virginia Sportfish
   Development Fund, Virginia Marine Resources Commission. Partial support
   was also provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and by an
   award to A.Z.H. from the International Women's Fishing Association. E.
   J. W. is grateful for the ongoing support of the Swedish Research
   Council (VR). This is VIMS contribution number 3064.
NR 86
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PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL,
   CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 0022-0949
J9 J EXP BIOL
JI J. Exp. Biol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 213
IS 10
BP 1751
EP 1761
DI 10.1242/jeb.038117
PG 11
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 590GJ
UT WOS:000277212900022
PM 20435826
ER

PT J
AU McClellan, CM
   Braun-McNeill, J
   Avens, L
   Wallace, BP
   Read, AJ
AF McClellan, Catherine M.
   Braun-McNeill, Joanne
   Avens, Larisa
   Wallace, Bryan P.
   Read, Andrew J.
TI Stable isotopes confirm a foraging dichotomy in juvenile loggerhead sea
   turtles
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Life history variation; Loggerhead turtle; Migration; Neritic; Oceanic;
   Stable isotopes
ID FEEDING HABITAT USE; CARETTA-CARETTA; LIFE-HISTORY; CHELONIA-MYDAS;
   TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; SOMATIC GROWTH; SHELF
   WATERS; DIET; JELLYFISH
AB Differential habitat use and foraging behaviors at various life-stages within a population can have profound consequences for survivorship, stage duration, and time to maturity. While evidence for plasticity within a given life-stage in marine species is mounting, factors that contribute to this diversity remain poorly understood. We used stable isotope analysis of consumer and prey tissues to describe the trophic niche width of juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) that have been tracked and previously shown to have significant variation in movement behaviors (oceanic versus neritic). Results of a Bayesian mixing model indicated that whereas benthic invertebrates dominated the recent diet of neritic turtles (determined through blood plasma), pelagic prey items contributed substantially to the diets of oceanic turtles. Analysis of temporally protracted diet composition (determined through red blood cells) reflected contributions from pelagic prey for all turtle groups, indicating that all turtles fed in the pelagic zone during overwintering periods. These results imply that the previous satellite tracking results reflect the turtles' prior foraging habits. Our study highlights the need for an integrative management approach of North Atlantic juvenile loggerheads and validates the use of stable isotopes for determining their differential habitat use. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [McClellan, Catherine M.; Wallace, Bryan P.; Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   [Wallace, Bryan P.] Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
   [Braun-McNeill, Joanne; Avens, Larisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP McClellan, CM (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England.
EM C.McClellan@exeter.ac.uk
FU NC Sea Grant Fisheries Resource Grant; New England Aquarium Consortium
   for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction; Oak Foundation; NMFS SEFSC
FX Research on sea turtles was authorized by NMFS Scientific Research
   Permit no. 1260 and the Duke University Institutional Animal Care and
   Use Committee (A146-02-05). Research was conducted through Duke
   University Marine Laboratory and supported by NC Sea Grant Fisheries
   Resource Grant, the New England Aquarium Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch
   Reduction, the Oak Foundation, and the NMFS SEFSC. [SS]
NR 91
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U1 4
U2 51
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 387
IS 1-2
BP 44
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.02.020
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 609GE
UT WOS:000278643200006
ER

PT J
AU Fraser, BJ
   Grew, RS
   Morley, SK
   Green, JC
   Singer, HJ
   Loto'aniu, TM
   Thomsen, MF
AF Fraser, B. J.
   Grew, R. S.
   Morley, S. K.
   Green, J. C.
   Singer, H. J.
   Loto'aniu, T. M.
   Thomsen, M. F.
TI Storm time observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves at
   geosynchronous orbit: GOES results
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IONOSPHERIC ALFVEN RESONATOR; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; PC 1
   MICROPULSATIONS; RING CURRENT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; HYDROMAGNETIC
   EMISSIONS; PROTON PRECIPITATION; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT;
   SOURCE REGION
AB Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves may contribute to ring current ion and radiation belt electron losses, and theoretical studies suggest these processes may be most effective during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. However, ground-based signatures of EMIC waves, Pc1-Pc2 geomagnetic pulsations, are observed more frequently during the recovery phase. We investigate the association of EMIC waves with various storm phases in case and statistical studies of 22 geomagnetic storms over 1996-2003, with an associated Dst < -30 nT. High-resolution data from the GOES 8, 9, and 10 geosynchronous satellite magnetometers provide information on EMIC wave activity in the 0-1 Hz band over +/-3 days with respect to storm onset, defined as commencement of the negative excursion of Dst. Thirteen of 22 storms showed EMIC waves occurring during the main phase. In case studies of two storms, waves were seen with higher intensity in the main phase in one and the recovery phase in the other. Power spectral densities up to 500 nT(2) Hz(-1) were similar in prestorm, storm, and early recovery phases. Superposed epoch analysis of the 22 storms shows 78% of wave events during the main phase occurred in the He+ band. After storm onset the main phase contributed only 29% of events overall compared to 71% during recovery phase, up to 3 days. Some differences between storms were found to be dependent on the solar wind driver. Plasma plumes or an inflated plasmasphere may contribute to enhancing EMIC wave activity at geosynchronous orbit.
C1 [Fraser, B. J.; Grew, R. S.; Morley, S. K.] Univ Newcastle, Ctr Space Phys, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
   [Morley, S. K.; Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Green, J. C.; Singer, H. J.; Loto'aniu, T. M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Fraser, BJ (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Ctr Space Phys, Univ Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
RI Morley, Steven/A-8321-2008
OI Morley, Steven/0000-0001-8520-0199
FU Australian Research Council [DP0772504, DP0663643]; Linkage
   International grant [LX0882515]
FX This research was supported by Australian Research Council Discovery
   Project grants DP0772504 and DP0663643 and Linkage International grant
   LX0882515. Infrastructure support has been provided by the University of
   Newcastle and the Space Weather Prediction Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO.
   Richard Thorne (UCLA) is thanked for useful discussions.
NR 69
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A05208
DI 10.1029/2009JA014516
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 596TO
UT WOS:000277708600002
ER

PT J
AU Cusco, R
   Alarcon-Llado, E
   Artus, L
   Hurst, WS
   Maslar, JE
AF Cusco, Ramon
   Alarcon-Llado, Esther
   Artus, Luis
   Hurst, Wilbur S.
   Maslar, James E.
TI Raman scattering by LO-phonon-plasmon coupled modes in Ga1-xInxAsySb1-y:
   Role of Landau damping
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVELENGTH LATTICE-DYNAMICS; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; P-TYPE GAAS; MU-M;
   GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE; TEMPERATURE; GAINASSB; ALLOYS; IN1-XGAXASYP1-Y;
   PARAMETERS
AB We present a detailed investigation of the phonons and longitudinal-optical-phonon-plasmon coupled modes in the Ga1-xInxAsySb1-y alloy by means of Raman scattering. A generalization of the dielectric Raman line-shape model to quaternary alloys is described and used to analyze the Raman spectra of a set of n-type Ga1-xInxAsySb1-y layers with x = 0.15, y = 0.13, and electron densities ranging from 2.8 x 10(17) to 3.7 x 10(18) cm(-3). Landau-damping effects are found to be essential to correctly describe the coupled modes that occur in the phonon-frequency range. Differences in the electron-density dependence of these modes between 80 K and room temperature are observed and attributed to different Landau-damping regimes. The plasmonlike L+ mode is observed to shift to lower frequencies when the temperature is increased from 80 K to room temperature. This frequency shift is explained in terms of thermal population of the L valleys.
C1 [Cusco, Ramon; Alarcon-Llado, Esther; Artus, Luis] CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
   [Hurst, Wilbur S.; Maslar, James E.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cusco, R (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, Lluis Sole & Sabaris S-N, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
RI Alarcon Llado, Esther/I-5583-2015; 
OI Alarcon Llado, Esther/0000-0001-7317-9863; Cusco,
   Ramon/0000-0001-9490-4884
FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [MAT2007-63617]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge C. Wang (MIT, Lincoln Laboratory) for
   supplying the
   Ga<INF>0.85</INF>In<INF>0</INF>.<INF>15</INF>As<INF>0.13</INF>Sb<INF>0.8
   7</INF> epilayers studied in this work and D. A. Shiau for assistance in
   the growth of the epilayers and in the performance of the single
   magnetic field Hall-effect measurements. This work has been supported by
   the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Contract No.
   MAT2007-63617.
NR 46
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 19
AR 195212
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.195212
PG 11
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 602LZ
UT WOS:000278142000064
ER

PT J
AU Sereenonchai, K
   Teerasong, S
   Chan-Eam, S
   Saetear, P
   Choengchan, N
   Uraisin, K
   Amornthammarong, N
   Motomizu, S
   Nacapricha, D
AF Sereenonchai, Kamonthip
   Teerasong, Saowapak
   Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn
   Saetear, Phoonthawee
   Choengchan, Nathawut
   Uraisin, Kanchana
   Amornthammarong, Natchanon
   Motomizu, Shoji
   Nacapricha, Duangjai
TI A low-cost method for determination of calcium carbonate in cement by
   membraneless vaporization with capacitively coupled contactless
   conductivity detection
SO TALANTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbonate analysis; Contactless conductivity; Membraneless vaporization;
   Carbon dioxide; Cement
ID FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON; GAS-DIFFUSION UNIT;
   FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULTANEOUS TG; SEPARATION; SOILS; WATER; DIOXIDE;
   SYSTEM
AB This work presents a flow analysis method for direct quantitation of calcium carbonate in cement without pretreatment of the sample. The method is based on online vaporization of CO(2) gas following acidification of the sample inside a small chamber that has a flow of acceptor solution passing around it. Solubilization of the CO(2) gas into the acceptor stream changes the conductivity of the acceptor solution causing an increase of signal at the capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D) placed at the outlet of the vaporization chamber. This chamber is an adaption from previous work reported on 'membraneless vaporization' (MBL-VP).
   The method can be used in the quality control of production of mixed cement. These cement materials usually have calcium carbonate contents at high concentration range (e.g., 33-99% (w/w)CaCO(3)). Analysis of samples by this method is direct and convenient as it requires no sample pretreatment. The method is low-cost with satisfactory accuracy and acceptable precision. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sereenonchai, Kamonthip; Teerasong, Saowapak; Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn; Saetear, Phoonthawee; Choengchan, Nathawut; Uraisin, Kanchana; Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Nacapricha, Duangjai] Mahidol Univ, FIRST Labs, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
   [Sereenonchai, Kamonthip; Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn; Saetear, Phoonthawee; Uraisin, Kanchana; Nacapricha, Duangjai] Mahidol Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
   [Sereenonchai, Kamonthip; Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn; Saetear, Phoonthawee; Uraisin, Kanchana; Nacapricha, Duangjai] Mahidol Univ, Ctr Excellence Innovat Chem, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
   [Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn] Mahidol Univ, Inst Innovat Learning, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
   [Choengchan, Nathawut] King Mongkuts Inst Technol Ladkrabang, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
   [Amornthammarong, Natchanon] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Motomizu, Shoji] Okayama Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Okayama 8008530, Japan.
RP Nacapricha, D (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, FIRST Labs, Fac Sci, Rama 6 Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
EM scdnc@mahidol.ac.th
RI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011
OI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865
FU Thailand Research Fund (TRF); Center of Excellence for Innovation in
   Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of
   Education)
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports of the
   project from the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) (DN) and the Center of
   Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Commission on Higher
   Education, Ministry of Education). The TRF student scholarship through
   the Royal Golden Jubilee-Ph.D. program (KS) was gratefully acknowledged.
   The authors would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Prapin Wilairat for the
   editing.
NR 22
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-9140
J9 TALANTA
JI Talanta
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 3
BP 1040
EP 1044
DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.01.057
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 586CA
UT WOS:000276877500044
PM 20298891
ER

PT J
AU Feng, M
   McPhaden, MJ
   Lee, T
AF Feng, Ming
   McPhaden, Michael J.
   Lee, Tong
TI Decadal variability of the Pacific subtropical cells and their influence
   on the southeast Indian Ocean
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; LEEUWIN
   CURRENT
AB Historical sea level records reveal that a strengthening of the Pacific subtropical cells (STCs) since the early-1990's has reversed a multi-decadal weakening tendency. Stronger STCs correspond to a stronger Leeuwin Current in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) and a stronger Indonesian Throughflow, due to dynamic connections of the Pacific and SEIO through equatorial and coastal waveguides. Multi-decadal trends of the STCs and their influence on the SEIO have confounded the detection of human induced global change signals in the short instrumental records of the two circulation systems. Citation: Feng, M., M. J. McPhaden, and T. Lee (2010), Decadal variability of the Pacific subtropical cells and their influence on the southeast Indian Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09606, doi:10.1029/2010GL042796.
C1 [Feng, Ming] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
   [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Feng, M (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Underwood Ave, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
EM ming.feng@csiro.au
RI Feng, Ming/F-5411-2010; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
OI Feng, Ming/0000-0002-2855-7092; 
FU CSIRO; WAMSI; NOAA; NASA
FX We thank Gary Meyers and Lidia Pigot for providing the IX1 XBT data.
   Tidal gauge sea level data are obtained from National Tidal Facility of
   Australia and University of Hawaii Sea Level Center. This research is
   sponsored by CSIRO and WAMSI, and partially supported by NOAA's Climate
   Program Office and NASA Physical Oceanography Program. We would thank
   two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments.
NR 21
TC 55
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 13
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L09606
DI 10.1029/2010GL042796
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 596SC
UT WOS:000277704600003
ER

PT J
AU Seitzinger, SP
   Mayorga, E
   Bouwman, AF
   Kroeze, C
   Beusen, AHW
   Billen, G
   Van Drecht, G
   Dumont, E
   Fekete, BM
   Garnier, J
   Harrison, JA
AF Seitzinger, S. P.
   Mayorga, E.
   Bouwman, A. F.
   Kroeze, C.
   Beusen, A. H. W.
   Billen, G.
   Van Drecht, G.
   Dumont, E.
   Fekete, B. M.
   Garnier, J.
   Harrison, J. A.
TI Global river nutrient export: A scenario analysis of past and future
   trends
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; WORLD; EUTROPHICATION;
   TERRESTRIAL; PHOSPHORUS; INPUTS; OCEAN; WATER
AB An integrated modeling approach was used to connect socioeconomic factors and nutrient management to river export of nitrogen, phosphorus, silica and carbon based on an updated Global NEWS model. Past trends (1970-2000) and four future scenarios were analyzed. Differences among the scenarios for nutrient management in agriculture were a key factor affecting the magnitude and direction of change of future DIN river export. In contrast, connectivity and level of sewage treatment and P detergent use were more important for differences in DIP river export. Global particulate nutrient export was calculated to decrease for all scenarios, in part due to increases in dams for hydropower. Small changes in dissolved silica and dissolved organics were calculated for all scenarios at the global scale. Population changes were an important underlying factor for river export of all nutrients in all scenarios. Substantial regional differences were calculated for all nutrient elements and forms. South Asia alone accounted for over half of the global increase in DIN and DIP river export between 1970 and 2000 and in the subsequent 30 years under the Global Orchestration scenario (globally connected with reactive approach to environmental problems); DIN river export decreased in the Adapting Mosaic (globally connected with proactive approach) scenario by 2030, although DIP continued to increase. Risks for coastal eutrophication will likely continue to increase in many world regions for the foreseeable future due to both increases in magnitude and changes in nutrient ratios in river export.
C1 [Seitzinger, S. P.; Mayorga, E.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers & NOAA CMER Program, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
   [Bouwman, A. F.; Beusen, A. H. W.; Van Drecht, G.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3730 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands.
   [Bouwman, A. F.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci Geochem, Fac Geosci, Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Kroeze, C.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Environm Syst Anal Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands.
   [Kroeze, C.] Open Univ Netherlands, Sch Sci, NL-6401 DL Heerlen, Netherlands.
   [Billen, G.; Garnier, J.] Univ Paris 06, UMR Sisyphe, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
   [Dumont, E.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England.
   [Fekete, B. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Harrison, J. A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA.
RP Seitzinger, SP (reprint author), Int Geosphere Biosphere Programme, Lilla Frescativagen 4A, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden.
EM sybil.seitzinger@igbp.kva.se
RI Harrison, John/F-2280-2011; Bouwman, Lex/B-7053-2012; Dumont,
   Egon/G-9585-2013; Bouwman, Lex/F-1444-2015
OI Dumont, Egon/0000-0002-7605-9434; Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859
FU Intergovernmental Oceanographic Committee-UNESCO; NASA
FX This study was performed as part of the Global NEWS project and cofunded
   by Intergovernmental Oceanographic Committee-UNESCO and a NASA IDS
   grant. Global NEWS is a workgroup of Intergovernmental Oceanographic
   Commission of UNESCO and an affiliated research activity of IGBP-LOICZ.
NR 48
TC 164
Z9 166
U1 15
U2 143
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD MAY 13
PY 2010
VL 24
AR GB0A08
DI 10.1029/2009GB003587
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA 596SL
UT WOS:000277705600002
ER

PT J
AU Lucas, LE
   Waliser, DE
   Murtugudde, R
AF Lucas, Lisanne E.
   Waliser, Duane E.
   Murtugudde, Raghu
TI Mechanisms governing sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern
   tropical Pacific Ocean associated with the boreal winter Madden-Julian
   Oscillation
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID MIXED-LAYER MODEL; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC;
   NORTHERN SUMMER; KELVIN WAVES; EL-NINO; SIMULATION; RADIATION; WIND;
   PRECIPITATION
AB The study objective is to explore the relationship between the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and intraseasonal sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Previous studies have illustrated the connection between MJO and the production of zonally large (> 2000 km), persistent (similar to weeks) SST anomalies. Those studies suggested that vertical processes, such as advection and entrainment, forced remotely by winds in the western Pacific (via Kelvin waves) may be the mechanism controlling SST changes. To overcome limitations in situ observations (e. g., sparse and missing data/quantities) and to develop a more comprehensive physical understanding, this study examines the relationship using an ocean general circulation model. A simulation was conducted in which the model was forced by idealized MJO conditions constructed from observed forcing fields. Analysis of the model simulation shows an equatorial Kelvin wave initiated in the western Pacific Ocean. However, analysis of the model's mixed layer temperature heat budget shows that in the eastern Pacific meridional advection plays the major role in the sea surface temperature change, 61.8% of the warming phase and 70.7% of the cooling phase percent heat budget. Zonal advection is the second most important term to the warming phase (20.5%) with the vertical advection and mixing term being second for the cooling phase (37.6%). In addition, the results indicate that the primary component of the meridional advection is the advection of the mean meridional temperature gradient by MJO-forced meridional current anomalies. The implications and caveats of these results are discussed in relationship to results in prior studies.
C1 [Lucas, Lisanne E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Water & Carbon Cycles Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Lucas, LE (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Program Off, 1315 East West Hwy,Room 12712, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM sandy.lucas@noaa.gov
FU  [NAG5-11033]
FX This work was prepared in conjunction with the first author's
   dissertation research at State University of New York at Stony Brook. In
   this regard, the authors would like to thank Dong-Ping Wang, Robert
   Wilson, and Minghua Zhang for their comments and suggestions on this
   work. Support for this study was provided under grants NAG5-11033 (D. E.
   W., L. E. L.) and Salinity, QUICKSCAT, TRMM, and Indian Ocean
   Biogeochemistry grants (R. M.) as well as the National Science
   Foundation under grant ATM-0094416 (D. E. W.). This study's analysis and
   presentation benefited from the use of the NCAR Graphics Package and
   Seaspace Corporation's TeraScan software system.
NR 47
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY 13
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C05012
DI 10.1029/2009JC005450
PG 21
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 596SZ
UT WOS:000277707100001
ER

PT J
AU Rosado-Reyes, CM
   Manion, JA
   Tsang, W
AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.
   Manion, Jeffrey A.
   Tsang, Wing
TI Kinetics of the Thermal Reaction of H Atoms with Propyne
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID SHOCK-WAVES; AB-INITIO; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES;
   PRODUCT CHANNELS; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; DECOMPOSITION; RADICALS; ALLENE;
   ISOMERIZATION
AB The reaction of hydrogen atoms with propyne (CH  CCH(3)) was investigated in a heated single pulse-shock tube at temperatures of 874-1196 K and pressures of 1.6-7.6 bar. Stable products from various reaction channels (terminal and nonterminal H addition, and by inference H abstraction) were identified and quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The rate constant for the channel involving the displacement of methyl radical from propyne (nonterminal H addition) was determined relative to the methyl displacement from 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (135-TMB), with k (H + 135-TMB -> m-xylene + CH(3)) = 6.70 x 10(13) exp(-3255/T[K]) cm(3)/mol.s,
   k (H + propyne -> CH  CH + CH(3)) = 6.26 x 10(13) exp(-2267/T[K]) cm(3)/mole.s,
   Our results show that the acetylene to allelic yield is approximately 2 at 900 K, and decreases with increasing temperature. The rate expression is:
   k(H + propyne -> CH(2)=C=CH(2) + H) = 2.07 x 10(14) exp(-3759/T[K]) cm(3)/mole.s
   This is a lower limit for terminal addition. Kinetic information for abstraction of the propargylic hydrogen by H was determined via mass balance. The rate expression is approximately
   k(H + CH(3)C  CH -> CH  C-CH(2) + H(2)) = 1.20 x 10(14) exp(-4940/T[K])cm(3)/mole.s
   and is only 10% of the rate constant for acetylene formation. All channels from H atom attack on propyne at combustion temperatures have now been determined. Comparisons are made with results of recent ab initio calculations and conclusions are drawn on the quantitative accuracy of such estimates.
C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Manion, Jeffrey A.; Tsang, Wing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rosado-Reyes, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 34
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD MAY 13
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 18
BP 5710
EP 5717
DI 10.1021/jp9122858
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 591DX
UT WOS:000277280400012
PM 20394350
ER

PT J
AU Marmorino, GO
   Holt, B
   Molemaker, MJ
   DiGiacomo, PM
   Sletten, MA
AF Marmorino, George O.
   Holt, Benjamin
   Molemaker, M. Jeroen
   DiGiacomo, Paul M.
   Sletten, Mark A.
TI Airborne synthetic aperture radar observations of "spiral eddy" slick
   patterns in the Southern California Bight
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN SURFACE; EDDIES; FRONTS; IMAGES; SEA; BAY
AB Repeat sampling on hourly time scales using an airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is used to investigate the occurrence and evolving characteristics of spiral-shaped slick patterns, commonly presumed to be indicators of submesoscale ocean eddies, in the area around Santa Catalina Island, California (similar to 33.4 degrees N, 118.4 degrees W). Simultaneous SAR imagery and boat survey data are examined over two similar to 5 h long periods spaced 3 days apart in April 2003. The SAR imagery reveals several spiral-like patterns, roughly 5 km in diameter, occurring downstream of the western end of Catalina. We believe that the most likely formation mechanism for these patterns is current-wake instability related to the flow of the Southern California Countercurrent along the north shore of Catalina. In one case, there is an observed cold-core eddy and vortex sheet attached to the tip of the island, similar to island-wake simulations done by Dong and McWilliams (2007). In another case, the SAR imagery shows a series of slick patterns that, at least initially, resemble spiral eddies, but the data show no clear evidence of actual ocean eddies being present either at depth or through a rotating surface expression. A speculation is that such features signify island-wake eddies that are relatively weak and dissipate quickly. An unexpected finding was how quickly a spiral slick pattern could deteriorate, suggesting a time scale for the surface feature of the order of only several hours. An implication of this result is that care is needed when interpreting a single satellite SAR imagery for evidence of active submesoscale eddies. Recommendations are made for future field studies.
C1 [Marmorino, George O.; Sletten, Mark A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
   [DiGiacomo, Paul M.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Holt, Benjamin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Molemaker, M. Jeroen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil
RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010
OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899
FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory Work Unit
   [72-8179]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through a
   contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
   Technology; NRL [72-9201]; U.S. Navy; NOAA; U.S. Government
   [JA/7230-09-0260]
FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research through Naval
   Research Laboratory Work Unit 72-8179 (G.O.M. and M.A.S.) and by the
   National Aeronautics and Space Administration through a contract with
   the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (B.H.
   and P.M.D. plus UCLA boat). We thank JPL scientists Charles Morris
   (AIRSAR mission planning) and Bruce Chapman and William Fiechter (AIRSAR
   processing), Walter Klein of NASA Drydent Flight Research Center, who
   was mission manager for the AIRSAR flights, and Dave Foley of the NOAA
   Coastwatch Program for providing AVHRR data. We also thank Yi Chao of
   the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Jei-Kook Choi of the Naval
   Oceanographic Office for the use of the ROMS output used in Figure 4.
   Final preparation of the manuscript was funded in part by NRL Work Unit
   72-9201. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and
   helpful comments. The manuscript contents are solely those of the
   authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or
   position on behalf of NASA, the U.S. Navy, NOAA, or the U.S. Government.
   NRL contribution JA/7230-09-0260.
NR 29
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY 12
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C05010
DI 10.1029/2009JC005863
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 596SX
UT WOS:000277706900001
ER

PT J
AU Nguyen, NT
   Berseth, PA
   Lin, QY
   Chiritescu, C
   Cahill, DG
   Mavrokefalos, A
   Shi, L
   Zschack, P
   Anderson, MD
   Anderson, IM
   Johnson, DC
AF Nguyen, Ngoc T.
   Berseth, Polly A.
   Lin, Qiyin
   Chiritescu, Catalin
   Cahill, David G.
   Mavrokefalos, Anastassios
   Shi, Li
   Zschack, Paul
   Anderson, Michael D.
   Anderson, Ian M.
   Johnson, David C.
TI Synthesis and Properties of Turbostratically Disordered, Ultrathin WSe2
   Films
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; TUNGSTEN;
   NIOBIUM; INDIUM
AB Turbostratically disordered tungsten diselenide (WSe2) thin films with as few as two c-axis-oriented (basal plane) structural units were synthesized from modulated elemental reactants. By varying the number of elemental W-Se bilayers deposited, the thickness could be controllably varied from two to eighty such structural units. The sample roughness decreases with increasing annealing time and temperature as the crystalline WSe2 basal plane units self-assemble from the amorphous precursors. Low-angle X-ray diffraction data show that the thickness of the WSe2 films is highly uniform after annealing, with estimated roughness of less than 0.2 nm, and highly oriented, with the c axis of the structural units oriented within 0.1 degrees of the substrate normal as determined from rocking curves of the specular 00L-type diffraction peaks. Pole figures of hk0-type reflections indicate that c-axis-oriented basal plane structural units are randomly oriented within the a-b plane. The widths of diffraction peaks of type hk0, 00L, and hkl (h, k not equal 0; l not equal 0) indicate coherence lengths of about 6-7 nm in the ab plane, the full thickness of the film along the e axis, and 1-2 nm in mixed-index directions. Scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging corroborated the X-ray scattering results, providing direct evidence of strong c-axis texture, rotational disorder between adjacent basal plane structural units, and an intraplanar grain size of several nanometers. The combination of intraplanar crystallinity and interplanar rotational disorder explains the significant anisotropy of the thermal conductivity, which is 20-30 times higher in the a-b plane than along the e axis. Electrical measurements within the a-b plane indicate that the films exhibit n-type semiconducting behavior.
C1 [Nguyen, Ngoc T.; Berseth, Polly A.; Lin, Qiyin; Anderson, Michael D.; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
   [Nguyen, Ngoc T.; Berseth, Polly A.; Lin, Qiyin; Anderson, Michael D.; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Inst Mat Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
   [Chiritescu, Catalin; Cahill, David G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Mavrokefalos, Anastassios; Shi, Li] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Zschack, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Anderson, Michael D.; Anderson, Ian M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
EM davej@uoregon.edu
RI Shi, Li/C-8123-2013; Cahill, David/B-3495-2014; 
OI Shi, Li/0000-0002-5401-6839; Mavrokefalos,
   Anastassios/0000-0001-8886-6383
FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0103409]; ONR [N00014-96-0407,
   N00014-05-1-0250, N00014-1-1168]; U.S. Department of Energy
   [DEFG02-91-ER45439]; NSF; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38]
FX The research was funded by National Science Foundation under grant DMR
   0103409 and supported by ONR Grants N00014-96-0407, N00014-05-1-0250,
   and N00014-1-1168. Thermal conductivity measurements were performed at
   the Laser and Spectroscopy Facility and the Center for Microanalysis of
   Materials of the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory,
   University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy under grant DEFG02-91-ER45439, and at the
   University of Texas at Austin Microelectronic Research Center, which is
   a node of the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network funded by
   NSF. The authors would like to thank Ms. Jenia Karapetrova at the
   Advanced Photon Source for assistance working on the beamline. Research
   at the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under the
   contract W-31-109-ENG-38.
NR 34
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 8
U2 70
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD MAY 11
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 9
BP 2750
EP 2756
DI 10.1021/cm903633w
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 590AD
UT WOS:000277194600010
ER

PT J
AU Nieuwendaal, RC
   Snyder, CR
   Kline, RJ
   Lin, EK
   VanderHart, DL
   DeLongchamp, DM
AF Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.
   Snyder, Chad R.
   Kline, R. Joseph
   Lin, Eric K.
   VanderHart, David L.
   DeLongchamp, Dean M.
TI Measuring the Extent of Phase Separation in
   Poly-3-Hexylthiophene/Phenyl-C-61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Photovoltaic
   Blends with H-1 Spin Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID FULLERENE BULK-HETEROJUNCTION; MODEST MONOMER SIZE; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS;
   SOLID-STATE NMR; EXCITON DIFFUSION; POLYTHIOPHENE; DISSOCIATION;
   MORPHOLOGY; EFFICIENCY; RESOLUTION
AB We demonstrate that H-1 spin diffusion NMR is a valuable method to estimate the domain size distribution in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layers composed of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Bulk samples were annealed at several temperatures, and a distribution of domain sizes was observed that ranged over hundreds of nanometers. Unannealed samples exhibited a large amount of PCBM in small domains (1 to 5 nm) and smaller amounts in moderate (tens of nm) and large (> 100 nm) domains. Annealing the samples at 100 degrees C had no effect on the morphology as evidenced from H-1 spin diffusion NMR, grazing-incidence diffraction, and calorimetry, but phase separation was observed after annealing at 150 degrees C. Even with this higher temperature processing, the H-1 NMR showed conclusively that phase separation remained incomplete; this finding was confirmed with photoluminescence quenching measurements.
C1 [Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.; Snyder, Chad R.; Kline, R. Joseph; Lin, Eric K.; VanderHart, David L.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP VanderHart, DL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vdhart@nist.gov; deand@nist.gov
RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008
OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809; 
FU National Research Council; National Institute of Standards and
   Technology Electronics Materials Group
FX R.C.N. acknowledges support from the National Research Council
   postdoctoral fellowship program. Babak Nikoobakht is acknowledged for
   his assistance with the PL measurements. C. L. Soles and other members
   of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Electronics
   Materials Group are acknowledged for valuable discussions.
NR 33
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 33
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD MAY 11
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 9
BP 2930
EP 2936
DI 10.1021/cm100237m
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 590AD
UT WOS:000277194600032
ER

PT J
AU Kang, SH
   Wu, WL
   Choi, KW
   De Silva, A
   Ober, CK
   Prabhu, VM
AF Kang, Shuhui
   Wu, Wen-li
   Choi, Kwang-Woo
   De Silva, Anuja
   Ober, Christopher K.
   Prabhu, Vivek M.
TI Characterization of the Photoacid Diffusion Length and Reaction Kinetics
   in EUV Photoresists with IR Spectroscopy
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESISTS; MOLECULAR GLASS RESISTS;
   DEEP-ULTRAVIOLET RESISTS; LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; AMPLIFICATION RESISTS;
   ACID DIFFUSION; INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE);
   DYNAMIC HETEROGENEITY; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY
AB A soft-contact film transfer method was developed to prepare multilayer photoresist thin films that enable high-resolution spectroscopic and reflectivity measurements for determining the reaction-diffusion kinetic parameters and photoacid diffusion length. Infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy was applied to follow, quantitatively, the reaction-diffusion kinetics during the post-exposure bake (PEB) step; the time evolution of the average deprotection level across a bilayer film with model photoresists is described by a kinetics model with three parameters: a reaction rate constant (k(p)), the phenomenological photoacid trapping constant (k(T)), and the photoacid diffusion constant (D(H)). A polymeric and molecular resist for next-generation extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography with chemically analogous structure was studied with this methodology. The three kinetic parameters follow an Arrhenius dependence but show quantitative differences between these two photoresists at a given PEB temperature. Further it was demonstrated that the photoacid diffusion length is not a simple function of diffusion coefficient; instead, it is dictated by all three kinetics parameters jointly in addition to the deprotection level at which the resist becomes soluble in an aqueous developer solution. These observations qualitatively explain the experimentally observed shorter photoacid diffusion length of the molecular resist in comparison to its polymeric counterpart.
C1 [Kang, Shuhui; Wu, Wen-li; Choi, Kwang-Woo; Prabhu, Vivek M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Choi, Kwang-Woo] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA.
   [De Silva, Anuja; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Kang, SH (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM shuhui.kang@nist.gov; vprabhu@nist.gov
FU Intel Corp; NIST
FX This work was supported by a cooperative research and development
   agreement between Intel Corp, and NIST (CRADA 1893). We also acknowledge
   Manish Chandhok, Wang Yueh, Todd Younkin, Melissa Shell, Michael Leeson,
   George Thompson, and Christof Krautschik from Intel and Eric Lin and
   Christopher Soles from NIST For their support. The Cornell authors thank
   the Semiconductor Research Corporation for funding. The Cornell
   Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility and the Cornell Center for
   Materials Research are thanked for use of their facilities. Jim Sounik
   and Michael Sheehan at DuPont Electronic Materials for synthesizing the
   polymer used in this study.
NR 76
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD MAY 11
PY 2010
VL 43
IS 9
BP 4275
EP 4286
DI 10.1021/ma902548a
PG 12
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 591CA
UT WOS:000277274200036
ER

PT J
AU Chang, KS
   Green, ML
   Levin, I
   Hattrick-Simpers, JR
   Jaye, C
   Fischer, DA
   Takeuchi, I
   De Gendt, S
AF Chang, K. -S.
   Green, M. L.
   Levin, I.
   Hattrick-Simpers, J. R.
   Jaye, C.
   Fischer, D. A.
   Takeuchi, I.
   De Gendt, S.
TI Physical and chemical characterization of combinatorial metal gate
   electrode Ta-C-N library film
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon compounds; elemental semiconductors; hafnium compounds; high-k
   dielectric thin films; MIS structures; silicon; silicon compounds;
   sputter deposition; tantalum compounds; thermal stability; transmission
   electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence analysis
AB This paper reports comprehensive structural and chemical analyses for the combinatorial Ta-C-N/HfO(2) system, crucial data for understanding the electrical properties of Ta-C-N/HfO(2). Combinatorial Ta-C-N "library" (composition spread) films were deposited by magnetron sputtering. Electron probe wavelength dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence-yield near-edge spectroscopy were used to quantitatively determine the composition across these films. Scanning x-ray microdiffractometry determined that a solid solution of Ta(C,N)(x) forms and extends to compositions (0.3 <= Ta <= 0.5 and 0.57 <= Ta <= 0.67) that were previously unknown. The thermal stability of the Ta-C-N/HfO(2) library was studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, which shows Ta-C-N/HfO(2)/SiO(2)/Si exhibiting good thermal stability up to 950 degrees C. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3428788]
C1 [Chang, K. -S.; Green, M. L.; Levin, I.; Hattrick-Simpers, J. R.; Jaye, C.; Fischer, D. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chang, K. -S.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [De Gendt, S.] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
   [De Gendt, S.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
RP Chang, KS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kao-shuo.chang@nist.gov
RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010
NR 16
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 10
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 19
AR 192114
DI 10.1063/1.3428788
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 597KR
UT WOS:000277756400038
ER

PT J
AU Cao, Q
   Zhang, GF
   Brandes, EA
   Schuur, TJ
AF Cao, Qing
   Zhang, Guifu
   Brandes, Edward A.
   Schuur, Terry J.
TI Polarimetric Radar Rain Estimation through Retrieval of Drop Size
   Distribution Using a Bayesian Approach
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIZATION RADAR; VIDEO DISDROMETER; DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS; GAUGE
   MEASUREMENTS; ERRORS; VARIABILITY; MODEL; MICROPHYSICS; CALIBRATION;
   ALGORITHM
AB This study proposes a Bayesian approach to retrieve raindrop size distributions (DSDs) and to estimate rainfall rates from radar reflectivity in horizontal polarization Z(H) and differential reflectivity Z(DR). With this approach, the authors apply a constrained-gamma model with an updated constraining relation to retrieve DSD parameters. Long-term DSD measurements made in central Oklahoma by the two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) are first used to construct a prior probability density function (PDF) of DSD parameters, which are estimated using truncated gamma fits to the second, fourth, and sixth moments of the distributions. The forward models of Z(H) and Z(DR) are then developed based on a T-matrix calculation of raindrop backscattering amplitude with the assumption of drop shape. The conditional PDF of Z(H) and Z(DR) is assumed to be a bivariate normal function with appropriate standard deviations. The Bayesian algorithm has a good performance according to the evaluation with simulated Z(H) and Z(DR). The algorithm is also tested on S-band radar data for a mesoscale convective system that passed over central Oklahoma on 13 May 2005. Retrievals of rainfall rates and 1-h rain accumulations are compared with in situ measurements from one 2DVD and six Oklahoma Mesonet rain gauges, located at distances of 28-54 km from Norman, Oklahoma. Results show that the rain estimates from the retrieval agree well with the in situ measurements, demonstrating the validity of the Bayesian retrieval algorithm.
C1 [Cao, Qing; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Brandes, Edward A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Schuur, Terry J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Schuur, Terry J.] NOAA OAR NSSL, Norman, OK USA.
RP Cao, Q (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, 1200 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4638, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM qingcao@ou.edu
RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014; 
OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Cao, Qing/0000-0001-6660-3566
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0608168]; NSF at NCAR
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the
   National Science Foundation.; This work was supported by the National
   Science Foundation (NSF) Grant ATM-0608168. The participation of E. A.
   Brandes was supported by funds from the NSF designated for the U.S.
   Weather Research Program at NCAR. The authors greatly appreciate Kyoko
   Ikeda at NCAR, who collected NCAR 2DVD data, and Dr. C. A. Fiebrich at
   Oklahoma Climatological Survey, who provided the mesonet rain gauge
   data. The authors also are thankful for the help of radar engineers at
   NSSL, who collected the KOUN radar data.
NR 40
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD MAY 10
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 5
BP 973
EP 990
DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2227.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 617TP
UT WOS:000279305100010
ER

PT J
AU Vila, D
   Ferraro, R
   Semunegus, H
AF Vila, Daniel
   Ferraro, Ralph
   Semunegus, Hilawe
TI Improved Global Rainfall Retrieval Using the Special Sensor Microwave
   Imager (SSM/I)
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Global monthly rainfall estimates have been produced from more than 20 years of measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program series of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). This is the longest passive microwave dataset available to analyze the seasonal, annual, and interannual rainfall variability on a global scale. The primary algorithm used in this study is an 85-GHz scattering-based algorithm over land, while a combined 85-GHz scattering and 19/37-GHz emission is used over ocean. The land portion of this algorithm is one of the components of the blended Global Precipitation Climatology Project rainfall climatology. Because previous SSM/I processing was performed in real time, only a basic quality control (QC) procedure had been employed to avoid unrealistic values in the input data. A more sophisticated, statistical-based QC procedure on the daily data grids (antenna temperature) was developed to remove unrealistic values not detected in the original database and was employed to reprocess the rainfall product using the current version of the algorithm for the period 1992-2007. Discrepancies associated with the SSM/I-derived monthly rainfall products are characterized through comparisons with various gauge-based and other satellite-derived rainfall estimates. A substantial reduction in biases was observed as a result of this QC scheme. This will yield vastly improved global rainfall datasets.
C1 [Vila, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Ferraro, Ralph] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Semunegus, Hilawe] NOAA NESDIS, Remote Sensing & Applicat Div, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Vila, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland Res Pk M Sq, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Ct,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM dvila@essic.umd.edu
RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Vila, Daniel/G-8379-2012; Semunegus,
   Hilawe/C-5803-2017
OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Vila, Daniel/0000-0002-1015-5650;
   Semunegus, Hilawe/0000-0002-0393-8323
FU NOAA [NA17EC1483]
FX This research was supported by NOAA Grant NA17EC1483 to the Cooperative
   Institute of Climate Studies (CICS), Earth System Science
   Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park
   (UMCP). This work is also sponsored by Christopher Miller of the
   NOAA/Climate Program Office, who supports the SSM/I GPCP program.
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD MAY 10
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 5
BP 1032
EP 1043
DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2294.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 617TP
UT WOS:000279305100014
ER

PT J
AU Briles, TC
   Yost, DC
   Cingoz, A
   Ye, J
   Schibli, TR
AF Briles, Travis C.
   Yost, Dylan C.
   Cingoz, Arman
   Ye, Jun
   Schibli, Thomas R.
TI Simple piezoelectric-actuated mirror with 180 kHz servo bandwidth
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY; LASER STABILIZATION; REFERENCE CAVITY; DIODE-LASER;
   SPECTROSCOPY; COMPACT
AB We present a high bandwidth piezoelectric-actuated mirror for length stabilization of an optical cavity. The actuator displays a transfer function with a flat amplitude response and greater than 135 degrees phase margin up to 200 kHz, allowing a 180 kHz unity gain frequency to be achieved in a closed servo loop. To the best of our knowledge, this actuator has achieved the largest servo bandwidth for a piezoelectric transducer (PZT). The actuator should be very useful in a wide variety of applications requiring precision control of optical lengths, including laser frequency stabilization, optical interferometers, and optical communications. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Briles, Travis C.; Yost, Dylan C.; Cingoz, Arman; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Briles, Travis C.; Yost, Dylan C.; Cingoz, Arman; Ye, Jun; Schibli, Thomas R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Briles, TC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM travis.briles@colorado.edu
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011
FU DARPA; NIST
FX We thank M. Martin, J. L. Hall, A. M. March, and L. Young for helpful
   discussions. This work was supported by DARPA and NIST. A. Cingoz is a
   National Research Council postdoctoral fellow. Travis Briles's email is
   travis.briles@colorado.edu.
NR 26
TC 32
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 15
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD MAY 10
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 10
BP 9739
EP 9746
DI 10.1364/OE.18.009739
PG 8
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 594TD
UT WOS:000277560000001
PM 20588824
ER

PT J
AU Nunnenkamp, A
   Rey, AM
   Burnett, K
AF Nunnenkamp, Andreas
   Rey, Ana Maria
   Burnett, Keith
TI Strong correlations in quantum vortex nucleation of ultracold atomic
   gases
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING
   SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE Bose-Einstein condensates; optical lattices; vortices; entanglement
ID SUPERPOSITION STATES; VORTICES; LATTICES
AB We review some recent developments in the theory of rotating atomic gases. These studies have thrown light on the process of nucleation of vortices in regimes where mean-field methods are inadequate. In our review, we shall describe and compare quantum vortex nucleation of a dilute ultracold bosonic gas trapped in three different configurations: a one-dimensional ring lattice, a one-dimensional ring superlattice and a two-dimensional asymmetric harmonic trap. In all of them, there is a critical rotation frequency, at which the particles in the ground state exhibit strong quantum correlations. However, the entanglement properties vary significantly from case to case. We explain these differences by characterizing the intermediate states that participate in the vortex nucleation process. Finally, we show that noise correlations are sensitive to these differences. These new studies have, therefore, shown how novel quantum states may be produced and probed in future experiments with rotating neutral atom systems.
C1 [Nunnenkamp, Andreas] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   [Nunnenkamp, Andreas] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Burnett, Keith] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
RP Nunnenkamp, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM andreas.nunnenkamp@yale.edu
RI Nunnenkamp, Andreas/A-2491-2010
OI Nunnenkamp, Andreas/0000-0003-2390-7636
FU NSF [DMR-0603369]; NIST; DARPA OLE programme
FX A.N. thanks Steven M. Girvin for insightful discussions and careful
   reading of the manuscript. A.M.R. acknowledges support from NSF, NIST
   and the DARPA OLE programme, and A.N. acknowledges support from NSF
   DMR-0603369.
NR 38
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1364-5021
J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY
JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
PD MAY 8
PY 2010
VL 466
IS 2117
BP 1247
EP 1263
DI 10.1098/rspa.2009.0621
PG 17
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 575SV
UT WOS:000276089300001
ER

PT J
AU Li, X
   Shew, CY
   Liu, Y
   Pynn, R
   Liu, E
   Herwig, KW
   Smith, GS
   Robertson, JL
   Chen, WR
AF Li, Xin
   Shew, Chwen-Yang
   Liu, Yun
   Pynn, Roger
   Liu, Emily
   Herwig, Kenneth W.
   Smith, Gregory S.
   Robertson, J. Lee
   Chen, Wei-Ren
TI Theoretical studies on the structure of interacting colloidal
   suspensions by spin-echo small angle neutron scattering
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HARD-SPHERE MODEL; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MIXTURES;
   DYNAMICS
AB The application of the spin-echo small angle neutron scattering (SESANS) technique for structural characterization of interacting colloidal suspensions is considered in this work. The framework to calculate the theoretical SESANS correlation function is briefly laid out. A general discussion regarding the features of the SESANS correlation functions obtained from different model systems is presented. In comparison with conventional elastic scattering tools operating at the same length scale, our mean-field calculations, based on a monodisperse spherical colloidal system, show that the real-space measurement provided by SESANS presents a powerful probe for studying the intercolloid potential. The reason of this sensitivity is discussed from the standpoint of way, in which how the spatial correlations are manifested in different neutron scattering implementations. This study leads to a better understanding regarding the distinction between SANS and SESANS. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3422527]
C1 [Pynn, Roger; Herwig, Kenneth W.; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Li, Xin; Liu, Emily] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
   [Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA.
   [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
   [Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   [Robertson, J. Lee] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Facil Dev Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM chenw@ornl.gov
RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Li, Xin/K-9646-2013;
   Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Li, Xin/0000-0003-0606-434X; Smith,
   Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805
NR 44
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 17
AR 174509
DI 10.1063/1.3422527
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 593AE
UT WOS:000277422900028
PM 20459176
ER

PT J
AU Lang, TJ
   Lyons, WA
   Rutledge, SA
   Meyer, JD
   MacGorman, DR
   Cummer, SA
AF Lang, Timothy J.
   Lyons, Walter A.
   Rutledge, Steven A.
   Meyer, Jonathan D.
   MacGorman, Donald R.
   Cummer, Steven A.
TI Transient luminous events above two mesoscale convective systems: Storm
   structure and evolution
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROSTATIC THUNDERCLOUD FIELDS; HIGH-SPEED VIDEO; ELECTRICAL
   STRUCTURE; LIGHTNING ACTIVITY; SQUALL LINE; PART II; THUNDERSTORM
   ELECTRIFICATION; STRATIFORM REGIONS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; POSITIVE CHARGE
AB Two warm-season mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) were analyzed with respect to their production of transient luminous events (TLEs), mainly sprites. The 20 June 2007 symmetric MCS produced 282 observed TLEs over a 4 h period, during which the storm's intense convection weakened and its stratiform region strengthened. TLE production corresponded well to convective intensity. The convective elements of the MCS contained normal-polarity tripole charge structures with upper-level positive charge (<-40 degrees C), midlevel negative charge (-20 degrees C), and low-level positive charge near the melting level. In contrast to previous sprite studies, the stratiform charge layer involved in TLE production by parent positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) lightning resided at upper levels. This layer was physically connected to upper-level convective positive charge via a downward sloping pathway. The average altitude discharged by TLE-parent flashes during TLE activity was 8.2 km above mean sea level (MSL; -25 degrees C). The 9 May 2007 asymmetric MCS produced 25 observed TLEs over a 2 h period, during which the storm's convection rapidly weakened before recovering later. Unlike 20 June, TLE production was approximately anticorrelated with convective intensity. The 9 May storm, which also had a normal tripole in its convection, best fit the conventional model of low-altitude positive charge playing the dominant role in sprite production; however, the average altitude discharged during the TLE phase of flashes still was higher than the melting level: 6.1 km MSL (-15 degrees C). Based on these results, it is inferred that sprite production and sprite-parent positive charge altitude depend on MCS morphology.
C1 [Lang, Timothy J.; Rutledge, Steven A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
   [Lyons, Walter A.; Meyer, Jonathan D.] FMA Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA.
   [MacGorman, Donald R.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Lang, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 200 W Lake St, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM tlang@atmos.colostate.edu
RI Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; 
OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X;
   MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196
FU National Science Foundation's Physical Meteorology program [ATM-0649034]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Thomas Nelson for serving as
   facilities manager for YRFS and for maintaining the TLE monitoring
   equipment and database during Sprites 2007. Ron Thomas of NMIMT provided
   substantial assistance with assessing location errors by the OK-LMA.
   Thomas Marshall of the University of Mississippi provided helpful
   comments on this paper. Jingbo Li of Duke University provided
   substantial assistance with the CMC data. WSR-88D data were obtained
   from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National
   Climate Data Center. NLDN data were obtained from Vaisala, Inc. Sounding
   data were obtained from the University of Wyoming
   (http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html). This research was
   funded by the National Science Foundation's Physical Meteorology program
   via grant ATM-0649034.
NR 71
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A00E22
DI 10.1029/2009JA014500
PG 22
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 593SM
UT WOS:000277480900001
ER

PT J
AU Luo, ZJ
   Liu, GY
   Stephens, GL
AF Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny
   Liu, G. Y.
   Stephens, Graeme L.
TI Use of A-Train data to estimate convective buoyancy and entrainment rate
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENSEMBLE; CLOUDSAT
AB This study describes a satellite-based method to estimate simultaneously convective buoyancy (B) and entrainment rate (lambda). The measurement requirements are cloud-top height (CTH), cloud-top temperature (CTT), cloud profiling information (from radar and lidar), and ambient sounding. Initial results of the new method applied to A-Train data are presented. It is observed that tropical oceanic convection above the boundary layer fall into two groups: deep convection (DC) and cumulus congestus (Cg). DC tend to have negative buoyancy near cloud top and lambda < 10%/km. Cg are further divided into two groups due to the snapshot view of the A-Train: one has positive buoyancy and lambda <= 10%/km and the other has negative buoyancy and lambda reaching up to 50%/km. Uncertainty analysis is conducted showing that CTT and CTH are the primary source of errors, but they do not affect our conclusions qualitatively. Brief comparisons with previous studies indicate the results of this study are broadly consistent with these earlier studies. Although most of the initial results are expected, this study represents the first time, to our knowledge, that satellite data are used to estimate convective buoyancy and entrainment rate. This new, space-borne method presents an opportunity for a number of follow-up investigations. For example, it serves as a bridge to connect A-Train observations (and follow-up missions) to GCM cumulus parameterizations. Citation: Luo, Z. J., G. Y. Liu, and G. L. Stephens (2010), Use of A-Train data to estimate convective buoyancy and entrainment rate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09804, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042904.
C1 [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny; Liu, G. Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
   [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny; Liu, G. Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
   [Stephens, Graeme L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Luo, ZJ (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM luo@sci.ccny.cuny.edu
FU NASA [NNX09AJ46G, NNX09AJ45G]; CCNY
FX We thank Hajime Okamoto of Tohoku University for providing collocated
   CALIPSO data. The study was supported partly by the NASA MAP projects
   under grants NNX09AJ46G and NNX09AJ45G and partly by CCNY new faculty
   startup fund. The senior author would like to thank Andy Ackerman, Ann
   Fridlind, Anthony Del Genio, and William Rossow for insightful
   discussion during the joint CCNY-GISS convection seminar.
NR 17
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 6
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L09804
DI 10.1029/2010GL042904
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 593RM
UT WOS:000277477900005
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, DM
AF Murphy, Daniel M.
TI Constraining climate sensitivity with linear fits to outgoing radiation
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FEEDBACK; TIME; TEMPERATURE; ENERGY
AB Several papers have used correlations between outgoing radiation and surface temperature to estimate climate sensitivity via a linearized energy balance equation. A crucial assumption in such studies is the use of global averages to relate radiation and temperature data that are actually functions of space and time. Here it is shown that this assumption is important to understanding why transient and equilibrium climate feedbacks may differ. There are important limitations to derivations of climate sensitivity from correlations between radiation and temperature data. In particular, because of heat transport between regions, obtaining the equilibrium temperature change by multiplying the forcing by a climate sensitivity is valid only for a global domain. The analysis of Lindzen and Choi (2009) erroneously applies global concepts to a limited region. I also show that a simple, point-by-point regression of outgoing radiation against surface temperature gives better slope estimates than the interval method used by Lindzen and Choi (2009). Citation: Murphy, D. M. (2010), Constraining climate sensitivity with linear fits to outgoing radiation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09704, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042911.
C1 NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov
RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; 
NR 26
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 6
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L09704
DI 10.1029/2010GL042911
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 593RM
UT WOS:000277477900006
ER

PT J
AU Sun, FY
   Goldberg, MD
   Liu, XP
   Bates, JJ
AF Sun, Fengying
   Goldberg, Mitchell D.
   Liu, Xingpin
   Bates, John J.
TI Estimation of outgoing longwave radiation from Atmospheric Infrared
   Sounder radiance measurements
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; TERRA SATELLITE; FLUX
   ESTIMATION; DATA SET; CLOUDS; VALIDATION; MISSION; AIRS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB
AB This study demonstrates the ability to use Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) hyperspectral radiance measurements and collocated Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System outgoing longwave fluxes to estimate top-of-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from AIRS radiance measurements. The first 35 principal component scores of AIRS radiances from its 1707 pristine channels are used as predictors, and the regression coefficients are generated in eight regimes of AIRS view angle to account for angular dependence of the AIRS radiance observations. Tests on an independence test ensemble show that the accuracy of the AIRS OLR is near zero and the precision is less than 3 Wm(-2) for all scenes and 2 Wm(-2) for uniform scenes. The AIRS OLR precision for uniform scenes is much higher than the High-Resolution Infrared Sounder OLR of 5 Wm(-2) for similar comparisons with the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment OLR. The same technique of empirical regression OLR can be applied to other hyperspectral sounders such as the Cross-track Infrared Sounder that will be on board the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on the European Meteorological Polar-orbiting satellites.
C1 [Sun, Fengying; Liu, Xingpin] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA.
   [Bates, John J.] NOAA, NESDIS NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
   [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Sun, FY (reprint author), Perot Syst Govt Serv, 8270 Willow Oaks Corp Dr, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA.
EM Fengying.Sun@noaa.gov
RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Bates, John/D-1012-2009
OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406
FU National Climatic Data Center
FX This work was supported by funding from the National Climatic Data
   Center Climate Program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in
   this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an
   official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S.
   Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 6
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D09103
DI 10.1029/2009JD012799
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 593RT
UT WOS:000277478600001
ER

PT J
AU Thomas, JJ
   Jennings, HM
   Allen, AJ
AF Thomas, Jeffrey J.
   Jennings, Hamlin M.
   Allen, Andrew J.
TI Relationships between Composition and Density of Tobermorite, Jennite,
   and Nanoscale CaO-SiO2-H2O
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID C-S-H; CALCIUM-SILICATE-HYDRATE; PORTLAND-CEMENT PASTES; TRICALCIUM
   SILICATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GEL PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE; MODEL;
   STOICHIOMETRY; SURFACE
AB Relationships between composition, mass density, and atomic packing density for CaO-SiO2-H2O (C-S-H), the main hydration product of cement, and its mineral analogues tobermorite and jennite, are examined. A graphical approach, similar to a phase diagram, is used to display the variation in density as a function of water content. In order to provide insight into atomic packing density differences between these phases, hypothetical phase transitions are performed by adding the stoichiometrically correct amount of CaO and H2O to convert one phase into another, and then the molar volumes before and after the transformation are compared. These calculations indicate that C-S-H formed from cement hydrated under normal conditions has a considerably higher atomic packing density than both tobermorite and jennite. This is attributed to both the atomic structure of C-S-H and to its nanoparticulate morphology. The solid density values for C-S-H are used to predict the amount of chemical shrinkage that should occur in a pure tricalcium silicate or dicalcium silicate paste, and these calculations are in good qualitative agreement with published experimental measurements for cement paste. New experimental measurements for the composition and mass density of C-S-H in cement paste cured at elevated temperatures, dried and resaturated, and hydrated with silica fume are presented and interpreted using the same approach. An important finding is that curing at 80 degrees C leads to a C-S-H phase with a lower atomic packing density, a finding in agreement with experimental observations of less chemical shrinkage at elevated temperatures.
C1 [Thomas, Jeffrey J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Jennings, Hamlin M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Allen, Andrew J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM jthomas@northwestern.edu
RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; Thomas, Jeffrey/B-7103-2009; 
OI Thomas, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2897-2023
FU Infrastructure Technology Institute; National Science Foundation
   [DMR-0454672]
FX Support from the Infrastructure Technology Institute is gratefully
   acknowledged. This work utilized neutron scattering facilities supported
   in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No.
   DMR-0454672.
NR 38
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 3
U2 45
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 6
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 17
BP 7594
EP 7601
DI 10.1021/jp910733x
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 588FO
UT WOS:000277053600011
ER

PT J
AU Xie, LM
   Chou, SG
   Pande, A
   Pande, J
   Zhang, J
   Dresselhaus, MS
   Kong, J
   Liu, ZF
AF Xie, Liming
   Chou, Shin G.
   Pande, Ajay
   Pande, Jayanti
   Zhang, Jin
   Dresselhaus, Mildred S.
   Kong, Jing
   Liu, Zhongfan
TI Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Probing the Denaturation of Lysozyme
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE-TRANSFER; PROTEINS;
   ENERGY; EOSIN
AB Resonance Raman spectroscopy measurements of lysozyme-bound single-walled carbon nanotubes have been made during different stages of the chemically and thermally induced misfolding and of the denaturation process of nanotube-bound lysozymes. Changes to the Raman intensity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been observed during the denaturation of lysozyme. The Raman intensity changes are attributed to excitonic transition energy (E(ii)) shifts of the SWNTs during the denaturation of lysozyme. The E(ii) shift of SWNTs was confirmed by photoluminescence measurements.
C1 [Chou, Shin G.] Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
   [Xie, Liming; Zhang, Jin; Dresselhaus, Mildred S.; Kong, Jing; Liu, Zhongfan] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Xie, Liming] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Chou, Shin G.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Pande, Ajay; Pande, Jayanti] SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
   [Dresselhaus, Mildred S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Chou, SG (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
EM sgchou@nist.gov; jinzhang@pku.edu.cn
RI Xie, Liming/C-4639-2011; Li, Minjie/B-2438-2013; Liu, Zhong/P-2974-2014
OI Liu, Zhong/0000-0001-5554-1902
FU Pfizer-MIT Strategic Alliance; China Scholarship Council; Peking
   University; NSFC [20725307, 20808004]; NSF [DMR 07-04197]
FX This work was supported by the Pfizer-MIT Strategic Alliance. L.M.X.
   acknowledges a Scholarship from the China Scholarship Council, the
   Peking University CDY Scholarship, and the NSFC (20725307 and 20808004).
   M.S.D. gratefully acknowledges support from the NSF DMR 07-04197.
NR 33
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 6
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 17
BP 7717
EP 7720
DI 10.1021/jp9121497
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 588FO
UT WOS:000277053600028
ER

PT J
AU Shin, JW
   Bertocci, U
   Stafford, GR
AF Shin, J. W.
   Bertocci, U.
   Stafford, G. R.
TI Stress Response to Surface Alloying and Dealloying during Underpotential
   Deposition of Pb on (111)-Textured Au
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; IN-SITU STRESS; NANOGRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS;
   GOLD; LEAD; AG(111); AU(111); ELECTRODES; STM; ELECTROCATALYSIS
AB The stress response during Pb underpotential deposition on (111)-textured Au has been examined on a cantilever beam electrode in perchloric acid supporting electrolyte. We observe a sweep rate dependence for both the individual voltammetric waves and the stress response that we attribute to kinetically controlled surface alloying [(root 3 x root 3) R30 degrees], which occurs only at low coverage. At high coverage, a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Pb monolayer is formed while the surface alloy is removed. The stress hump that is coincident with the last voltammetric wave appears to be caused by the formation and removal of the surface alloy. Long-term potentiostatic pulsing experiments show slow stress changes during both the formation and the stripping steps, but only for the incomplete adlayer, confirming slow alloy and dealloy processes at those coverages. The voltammetry and surface stress after extended polarization at potentials where dealloying occurs show that the stable alloy structure and the hcp adlayer coexist and that the relative amounts of these phases are potential-dependent.
C1 [Shin, J. W.; Bertocci, U.; Stafford, G. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shin, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jaewook.shin@nist.gov
NR 40
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 6
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 17
BP 7926
EP 7932
DI 10.1021/jp100357r
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 588FO
UT WOS:000277053600057
ER

PT J
AU Nahrgang, J
   Camus, L
   Carls, MG
   Gonzalez, P
   Jonsson, M
   Taban, IC
   Bechmann, RK
   Christiansen, JS
   Hop, H
AF Nahrgang, Jasmine
   Camus, Lionel
   Carls, Mark G.
   Gonzalez, Patrice
   Jonsson, Martina
   Taban, Ingrid C.
   Bechmann, Renee K.
   Christiansen, Jorgen S.
   Hop, Haakon
TI Biomarker responses in polar cod (Boreogadus saida) exposed to the water
   soluble fraction of crude oil
SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Crude oil; PAH biomarkers; Waterborne; Polar cod; EROD; mRNA expression;
   Oxidative stress; Comet assay
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; DEETHYLASE EROD
   ACTIVITY; EEL ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; DAB
   LIMANDA-LIMANDA; CHEMICAL-EXPOSURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DNA-DAMAGE;
   DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX
AB In order to mimic the biological effects of an oil spill in Arctic waters, we examined several types of biomarkers (genes, enzymes, metabolites, and DNA damage) in polar cod Boreogadus saida experimentally exposed to the water soluble fractions of crude oil. During 4 weeks of exposure, induction of the studied biomarkers exceeded baseline levels. The mRNA expression of the cytochrome P4501A1 (cyp1a1) gene was the most promising biomarker, with glutathione S-transferase (gst) as a suitable complement. The delayed ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and GST activities and their persistence following 2 weeks of depuration may allow detection of previous exposures in field samples. The composition of PAH metabolites in the bile indicated the bioavailability of different PAH size-classes. Although mRNA expressions of antioxidant defense genes were induced at start of the exposure, with the strongest responses from catalase and cytosolic superoxide dismutase, they were poor for oil monitoring purposes due to their very short response times. Significant DNA damage demonstrated genotoxicity even at low PAH concentrations (<15 mu g L-1) and was correlated with benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene metabolites in the bile. (C) 2009 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.
C1 [Nahrgang, Jasmine; Hop, Haakon] Polar Environm Ctr, Norwegian Polar Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
   [Nahrgang, Jasmine; Jonsson, Martina; Christiansen, Jorgen S.] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biosci, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
   [Carls, Mark G.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA.
   [Gonzalez, Patrice] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France.
   [Taban, Ingrid C.; Bechmann, Renee K.] Int Res Inst Stavanger, N-4070 Randaberg, Norway.
RP Nahrgang, J (reprint author), Polar Environm Ctr, Norwegian Polar Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
EM jasmine.nahrgang@gmail.com
FU ConocoPhillips, Norway AS
FX This study was funded by ConocoPhillips, Norway AS. The authors thank
   the crew of RV Jan Mayen, for helping in polar cod sampling, Nina
   Seifert for rearing polar cod and Arve Kristiansen for technical
   assistance. This experiment was approved by the National Animal Research
   Authority (NARA, Forsoksdyrutvalget).
NR 65
TC 33
Z9 37
U1 2
U2 33
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-445X
EI 1879-1514
J9 AQUAT TOXICOL
JI Aquat. Toxicol.
PD MAY 5
PY 2010
VL 97
IS 3
SI SI
BP 234
EP 242
DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.11.003
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
GA 597SR
UT WOS:000277782100008
PM 20004486
ER

PT J
AU Jin, L
   Brown, NJ
   Harley, RA
   Bao, JW
   Michelson, SA
   Wilczak, JM
AF Jin, Ling
   Brown, Nancy J.
   Harley, Robert A.
   Bao, Jian-Wen
   Michelson, Sara A.
   Wilczak, James M.
TI Seasonal versus episodic performance evaluation for an Eulerian
   photochemical air quality model
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CMAQ MODEL; COMMUNITIES;
   MORTALITY; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM; IMPACT
AB This study presents detailed evaluation of the seasonal and episodic performance of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system applied to simulate air quality at a fine grid spacing (4 km horizontal resolution) in central California, where ozone air pollution problems are severe. A rich aerometric database collected during the summer 2000 Central California Ozone Study (CCOS) is used to prepare model inputs and to evaluate meteorological simulations and chemical outputs. We examine both temporal and spatial behaviors of ozone predictions. We highlight synoptically driven high-ozone events (exemplified by the four intensive operating periods (IOPs)) for evaluating both meteorological inputs and chemical outputs (ozone and its precursors) and compare them to the summer average. For most of the summer days, cross-domain normalized gross errors are less than 25% for modeled hourly ozone, and normalized biases are between +/- 15% for both hourly and peak (1 h and 8 h) ozone. The domain-wide aggregated metrics indicate similar performance between the IOPs and the whole summer with respect to predicted ozone and its precursors. Episode-to-episode differences in ozone predictions are more pronounced at a subregional level. The model performs consistently better in the San Joaquin Valley than other air basins, and episodic ozone predictions there are similar to the summer average. Poorer model performance (normalized peak ozone biases <-15% or >15%) is found in the Sacramento Valley and the Bay Area and is most noticeable in episodes that are subject to the largest uncertainties in meteorological fields (wind directions in the Sacramento Valley and timing and strength of onshore flow in the Bay Area) within the boundary layer.
C1 [Jin, Ling; Brown, Nancy J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Harley, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Bao, Jian-Wen; Michelson, Sara A.; Wilczak, James M.] NOAA, Reg Weather & Climate Applicat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Jin, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM njbrown@lbl.gov
RI Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016
OI Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917
FU Central California Air Quality Study Agency; California Energy
   Commission; Assistant Secretary of Fossil Energy; Office of Natural Gas
   and Petroleum Technology through the National Petroleum Technology
   Office under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors would like to thank Cheryl Taylor, Klaus Scott, Neva Lowery,
   Bruce Jackson, and Ajith Kaduwela of the California Air Resources Board.
   Shaheen Tonse, Xiaoling Mao, and Claire Agnoux provided valuable
   assistance in data processing and model diagnostics. We thank the
   Technical Committee overseeing the Central California Ozone Study for
   helpful comments at many stages of this research. This research was
   supported by the Central California Air Quality Study Agency, California
   Energy Commission, Assistant Secretary of Fossil Energy, Office of
   Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology through the National Petroleum
   Technology Office under the U.S. Department of Energy contract
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. The statements and conclusions in this paper are
   those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
   sponsoring agencies.
NR 43
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 5
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D09302
DI 10.1029/2009JD012680
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 593RR
UT WOS:000277478400002
ER

PT J
AU Lei, JH
   Thayer, JP
   Burns, AG
   Lu, G
   Deng, Y
AF Lei, Jiuhou
   Thayer, Jeffrey P.
   Burns, Alan G.
   Lu, Gang
   Deng, Yue
TI Wind and temperature effects on thermosphere mass density response to
   the November 2004 geomagnetic storm
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MAGNETIC STORM; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE;
   O/N-2
AB A unique conjunction of the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) and the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellites provided simultaneous columnar neutral composition, Sigma O/N-2, and thermosphere density observations, enabling a novel study of thermospheric response to the 7-9 November 2004 geomagnetic storm. Both Sigma O/N-2 and mass density showed profound response to this severe geomagnetic storm, but their latitudinal and temporal structures differed markedly. In particular, high-latitude depletion and low-latitude enhancement in Sigma O/N-2 were observed throughout the storm period, especially during the main phase. In contrast, neutral density at 400 km altitude increased from pole to pole shortly after the storm, with strongest enhancement of order 200%-400% during the main phase. Comparisons of observed thermosphere response with simulations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) were carried out to interpret the observed contrasting characteristics of thermosphere composition and mass density in response to this geomagnetic storm. The TIEGCM simulations show that the contrasting characteristics occur not only in Sigma O/N-2 and mass density at a constant altitude at 400 km, but also in O/N-2 and mass density on a constant-pressure surface. At an altitude of 400 km (CHAMP altitude), storm-time mass densities significantly increase due to an increase in scale height throughout the vertical column between the heat source and satellite altitude. For a given increase in scale height, the more scale height increments separating the heat source from the satellite altitude, the greater is the mass density response. It is shown that scale height change is caused partly by storm-time neutral temperature enhancements due to heating and partly by changes in mean molecular weight due to winds. These findings indicate that wind effects can cause significant deviations from a mass density pattern resulting solely from neutral temperature changes by altering the mean molecular weight, particularly at high latitudes.
C1 [Lei, Jiuhou; Thayer, Jeffrey P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Burns, Alan G.; Lu, Gang] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
   [Deng, Yue] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Deng, Yue] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Lei, JH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jiuhou.lei@colorado.edu
RI Lei, Jiuhou/A-3015-2012; Burns, Alan/L-1547-2013; THAYER, JEFFREY
   P./B-7264-2016
OI Lei, Jiuhou/0000-0002-4374-5083; THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251
FU AFOSR MURI [FA9550-07-1-0565]; Center for Integrated Space Weather
   Modeling (CISM); STC [ATM-0120950]; NASA; NSF [ATM-0823689]; University
   of Colorado through a CIRES; NASA MODA
FX This work was supported by the AFOSR MURI Award FA9550-07-1-0565. A. B.
   was supported by the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling
   (CISM), which is funded by the STC program under agreement ATM-0120950.
   G. L. was supported in part by the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigators
   program. Y.D.'s work was supported by the NSF through grants ATM-0823689
   and the University of Colorado through a CIRES fellowship. J.L. thanks
   Wenbin Wang for his useful discussions and Yongliang Zhang for his
   assistance in processing the GUVI data, and also Jeffrey M. Forbes and
   Eric K. Sutton for providing the CHAMP data. The GUVI data are provided
   through support from the NASA MO&DA program. The GUVI instrument was
   designed and built by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
   Laboratory. The Principal Investigator is Andrew B. Christensen and the
   Chief Scientist and co-Principal Investigator is Larry J. Paxton.
NR 29
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 3
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY 4
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A05303
DI 10.1029/2009JA014754
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 593SI
UT WOS:000277480500004
ER

PT J
AU Clover, B
   Hammouda, B
AF Clover, Bryna
   Hammouda, Boualem
TI SANS from P85/Water-d under Pressure
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID PLURONIC((R)) BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; OXIDE) TRIBLOCK-COPOLYMER;
   AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER; SURFACTANTS; SCATTERING
AB Pluronics are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) poly(propylene oxide) poly(ethylene oxide). Plutonic P85 forms a rich phase behavior when dissolved in water. Unimers are observed at low temperature while micelles form at higher temperatures. Spherical, cylindrical, and lamellar micelles are observed sequentially upon heating. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the phase boundaries is investigated here using small-angle neutron scattering from a dilute P85 solution in deuterated water. The transition temperatures between these micelle phases are found to rise with increasing pressure. A new phase corresponding to demixed lamellae was observed at high temperature. The effect of pressure was seen to decrease the onset formation line of that new phase.
C1 [Clover, Bryna] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Clover, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM belover@umd.edu; hammouda@nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX The identification of commercial products does not imply recommendation
   or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor
   does it imply that these are the best available for the purpose. Support
   from the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the
   American Chemical Society, is acknowledged by B.C. This work is based
   upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation
   under Agreement No. DMR-0454672.
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD MAY 4
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 9
BP 6625
EP 6629
DI 10.1021/la903961a
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 587DV
UT WOS:000276969700081
PM 20000432
ER

PT J
AU Kucklick, JR
   Schantz, MM
   Pugh, RS
   Porter, BJ
   Poster, DL
   Becker, PR
   Rowles, TK
   Leigh, S
   Wise, SA
AF Kucklick, John R.
   Schantz, Michele M.
   Pugh, Rebecca S.
   Porter, Barbara J.
   Poster, Dianne L.
   Becker, Paul R.
   Rowles, Teri K.
   Leigh, Stefan
   Wise, Stephen A.
TI Marine mammal blubber reference and control materials for use in the
   determination of halogenated organic compounds and fatty acids
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference
   Materials
CY JUL 07-10, 2009
CL Keble Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND
HO Keble Coll
DE Persistent organic pollutants; Reference materials; Marine mammal; Fatty
   acids
ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER; STANDARD REFERENCE
   MATERIALS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; UNITED-STATES;
   LIFE-HISTORY; BIPHENYL; POLLUTANTS; TOXAPHENE
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a diverse collection of control materials derived from marine mammal blubber, fat, and serum. Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1945 Organics in Whale Blubber was recertified for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners. SRM 1945 has also been assigned mass fraction values for compounds not frequently determined in marine samples including toxaphene congeners, coplanar PCBs, and methoxylated PBDE congeners which are natural products. NIST also has assigned mass fraction values, as a result of interlaboratory comparison exercises, for PCB congeners, organochlorine pesticides, PBDE congeners, and fatty acids in six homogenate materials produced from marine mammal blubber or serum. The materials are available from NIST upon request; however, the supply is very limited for some of the materials. The materials include those obtained from pilot whale blubber (Homogenates III and IV), Blainville's beaked whale blubber (Homogenate VII), polar bear fat (Homogenate VI), and California sea lion serum (Marine Mammal Control Material-1 Serum) and blubber (Homogenate V).
C1 [Kucklick, John R.; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Becker, Paul R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Schantz, Michele M.; Porter, Barbara J.; Poster, Dianne L.; Leigh, Stefan; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Kucklick, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM john.kucklick@nist.gov
NR 25
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 15
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 397
IS 2
BP 423
EP 432
DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3596-9
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 584QW
UT WOS:000276768400003
PM 20238106
ER

PT J
AU Keller, JM
   Calafat, AM
   Kato, K
   Ellefson, ME
   Reagen, WK
   Strynar, M
   O'Connell, S
   Butt, CM
   Mabury, SA
   Small, J
   Muir, DCG
   Leigh, SD
   Schantz, MM
AF Keller, Jennifer M.
   Calafat, Antonia M.
   Kato, Kayoko
   Ellefson, Mark E.
   Reagen, William K.
   Strynar, Mark
   O'Connell, Steven
   Butt, Craig M.
   Mabury, Scott A.
   Small, Jeff
   Muir, Derek C. G.
   Leigh, Stefan D.
   Schantz, Michele M.
TI Determination of perfluorinated alkyl acid concentrations in human serum
   and milk standard reference materials
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference
   Materials
CY JUL 07-10, 2009
CL Keble Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND
HO Keble Coll
DE Perfluorinated contaminants; Organic contaminants; Reference materials;
   Human samples; Blood; Intercomparison exercise
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFLUOROOCTANE
   SULFONATE; HUMAN BLOOD; POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; HUMAN
   SAMPLES; HUMAN PLASMA; EXPOSURE; PERFLUOROCARBOXYLATES
AB Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) are certified reference materials produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology that are homogeneous materials well characterized with values for specified properties, such as environmental contaminant concentrations. They can be used to validate measurement methods and are critical in improving data quality. Disagreements in perfluorinated alkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations measured in environmental matrices during past interlaboratory comparisons emphasized the need for SRMs with values assigned for PFAAs. We performed a new interlaboratory comparison among six laboratories and provided, for the first time, value assignment of PFAAs in SRMs. Concentrations for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and other PFAAs in two human serum and two human milk SRMs are reported. PFAA using different analytical methods in six laboratories and for milk SRM 1954 in three laboratories. The interlaboratory relative standard deviation for PFOS in SRM 1957 was 7%, which is an improvement over past interlaboratory studies. Matrix interferences are discussed, as well as temporal trends and the percentage of branched vs. linear isomers. The concentrations in these SRMs are similar to the present-day average concentrations measured in human serum and milk, resulting in representative and useful control materials for PFAA human monitoring studies.
C1 [Keller, Jennifer M.; O'Connell, Steven] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Calafat, Antonia M.; Kato, Kayoko] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   [Ellefson, Mark E.; Reagen, William K.] 3M Co, Environm Lab, St Paul, MN 55144 USA.
   [Strynar, Mark] Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   [Butt, Craig M.; Mabury, Scott A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
   [Leigh, Stefan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Small, Jeff; Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
   [Schantz, Michele M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Keller, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM Jennifer.keller@noaa.gov
RI Butt, Craig/A-9639-2010; Butt, Craig/E-4213-2013; 
OI Butt, Craig/0000-0001-5033-8745; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776
NR 50
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 2
U2 24
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 397
IS 2
BP 439
EP 451
DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3222-x
PG 13
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 584QW
UT WOS:000276768400005
PM 19862506
ER

PT J
AU Vander Pol, SS
   Kucklick, JR
   Leigh, SD
   Porter, BJ
   Schantz, MM
AF Vander Pol, Stacy S.
   Kucklick, John R.
   Leigh, Stefan D.
   Porter, Barbara J.
   Schantz, Michele M.
TI Separation of 26 toxaphene congeners and measurement in air particulate
   matter SRMs compared to technical toxaphene SRM 3067
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference
   Materials
CY JUL 07-10, 2009
CL Keble Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND
HO Keble Coll
DE Reference material; Air particulate; Toxaphene; Column separation
ID CHLORINATED BORNANES; LAKE-ONTARIO; STANDARD; NOMENCLATURE
AB Toxaphene is a complex technical mixture that has been found ubiquitously in the environment but has caused issues for analysis, especially of individual congeners. This paper reports the elution order of 26 major toxaphene congeners on three gas chromatographic columns. The three different stationary phases generally had similar elution orders for the toxaphene congeners, but fewer co-elutions occurred on a low-bleed, low-polarity column. These congeners (except for two that co-eluted and were not added to the calibration mixture) were examined in air particulate matter standard reference materials (SRMs), 1648a, 1649a, and 1649b as well as SRM 3067 toxaphene in methanol for assignment of reference values. SRM 3067 had mass fractions an order of magnitude greater than the air particulate SRMs, which ranged from 0.568 +/- 0.018 ng g(-1) dry mass (B9-2006 in SRM 1648a) to 12.9 +/- 0.20 ng g(-1) dry mass (B9-715 (P 58) in SRM 1649a). The three air particulate SRMs all had different mass fractions and proportions of congeners relative to the sum of the toxaphene congeners. SRM 3067 may be useful as a technical mixture toxaphene congener calibrant. SRMs 1648a and 1649b will serve as reference materials for the analysis of 21 (three congeners were not included due to values below the detection limit or a potential polychlorinated biphenyl co-elution) toxaphene congeners in atmospheric particulate samples.
C1 [Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Leigh, Stefan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Porter, Barbara J.; Schantz, Michele M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Vander Pol, SS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM stacy.vanderpol@nist.gov
NR 30
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 397
IS 2
BP 483
EP 492
DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3512-3
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 584QW
UT WOS:000276768400009
PM 20221755
ER

PT J
AU Tai, SSC
   Prendergast, JL
   Sniegoski, LT
   Welch, MJ
   Phinney, KW
   Zhang, NF
AF Tai, Susan S. -C.
   Prendergast, Jocelyn L.
   Sniegoski, Lorna T.
   Welch, Michael J.
   Phinney, Karen W.
   Zhang, Nien Fan
TI Certification of drugs of abuse in a human serum standard reference
   material: SRM 1959
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference
   Materials
CY JUL 07-10, 2009
CL Keble Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND
HO Keble Coll
DE Drugs of abuse; Standard reference material; SRM; Isotope dilution; Gas
   chromatography/mass spectrometry; GC/MS; Liquid chromatography/mass
   spectrometry; LC/MS; Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry;
   LC/MS/MS; Solid-phase extraction
ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACID
AB A new standard reference material (SRM) for drugs of abuse in human serum (SRM 1959) has been developed. This SRM is intended to be used as a control material for laboratories performing analysis of drugs of abuse in blood to evaluate the accuracy of their methods. SRM 1959 is a frozen human serum material fortified with seven compounds for which analyses are performed to determine evidence of illegal drug use: benzoylecgonine (BZE), methadone (METH), methamphetamine (MAMP), morphine (MOR), nordiazepam (NOR), phencyclidine (PCP), and 11-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-9-COOH). Two independent methods involving isotope dilution (ID)-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ID-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) were used for the value assignment. For THC-9-COOH, an additional measurement using LC/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was also included. All methods used isotopically labeled compounds as internal standards and solid-phase extractions to isolate the analytes from the serum. The GC/MS methods used different clean-up procedures from those used for the LC/ MS-based methods. Repeatability with within-set coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 0.5% to 4.3% for the GC/MS methods and from 0.2% to 1.2% for the LC/MS-based methods. Intermediate precision with between-set CVs for all the methods ranged from 0.1% to 1.1%. Agreement between the GC/MS and LC/MS methods ranged from 0.8% to 8.8%. The results from the methods were combined to obtain the certified concentrations and their expanded uncertainties.
C1 [Tai, Susan S. -C.; Prendergast, Jocelyn L.; Sniegoski, Lorna T.; Welch, Michael J.; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Zhang, Nien Fan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tai, SSC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM susan.tai@nist.gov
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 397
IS 2
BP 501
EP 509
DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3603-1
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 584QW
UT WOS:000276768400011
PM 20333365
ER

PT J
AU Lowenthal, MS
   Yen, J
   Bunk, DM
   Phinney, KW
AF Lowenthal, Mark S.
   Yen, James
   Bunk, David M.
   Phinney, Karen W.
TI Certification of NIST standard reference material 2389a, amino acids in
   0.1 mol/L HCl-quantification by ID LC-MS/MS
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference
   Materials
CY JUL 07-10, 2009
CL Keble Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND
HO Keble Coll
DE Amino acids; Standard reference material; Mass spectrometry; Isotope
   dilution; LC-MS/MS
ID 6-AMINOQUINOLYL-N-HYDROXYSUCCINIMIDYL CARBAMATE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
   REAGENT
AB An isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID LC-MS/MS) measurement procedure was developed to accurately quantify amino acid concentrations in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2389a-amino acids in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid. Seventeen amino acids were quantified using selected reaction monitoring on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. LC-MS/MS results were compared to gravimetric measurements from the preparation of SRM 2389a-a reference material developed at NIST and intended for use in intra-laboratory calibrations and quality control. Quantitative mass spectrometry results and gravimetric values were statistically combined into NIST-certified mass fraction values with associated uncertainty estimates. Coefficients of variation (CV) for the repeatability of the LC-MS/MS measurements among amino acids ranged from 0.33% to 2.7% with an average CV of 1.2%. Average relative expanded uncertainty of the certified values including Types A and B uncertainties was 3.5%. Mean accuracy of the LC-MS/MS measurements with gravimetric preparation values agreed to within vertical bar 1.1 vertical bar% for all amino acids. NIST SRM 2389a will be available for characterization of routine methods for amino acid analysis and serves as a standard for higher-order measurement traceability. This is the first time an ID LC-MS/MS methodology has been applied for quantifying amino acids in a NIST SRM material.
C1 [Lowenthal, Mark S.; Bunk, David M.; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Yen, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lowenthal, MS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mark.lowenthal@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 397
IS 2
BP 511
EP 519
DI 10.1007/s00216-010-3616-9
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 584QW
UT WOS:000276768400012
PM 20238103
ER

PT J
AU Teerasong, S
   Amornthammarong, N
   Grudpan, K
   Teshima, N
   Sakai, T
   Nacapricha, D
   Ratanawimarnwong, N
AF Teerasong, Saowapak
   Amornthammarong, Natchanon
   Grudpan, Kate
   Teshima, Norio
   Sakai, Tadao
   Nacapricha, Duangjai
   Ratanawimarnwong, Nuanlaor
TI A Multiple Processing Hybrid Flow System for Analysis of Formaldehyde
   Contamination in Food
SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SENSITIVE DETERMINATION; RAPID-DETERMINATION; TRACE FORMALDEHYDE;
   INJECTION ANALYSIS; BEVERAGES; ANALYZER; FISH; GAS; AIR
AB This work proposes a flow system suitable for the rapid screening of formaldehyde contaminated in food. The system is based on the concept of a flow analyzer with a Hantzsch reaction. An operating procedure was developed for multiple tasking and high sample throughput. This resulted in a significant sample throughput of 51 samples h(-1). Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration from 10 to 100 mu M was obtained. The system gave a limit of detection and a limit of quantitation of 0.06 and 0.10 mg kg(-1), respectively. The system was successfully applied to re-hydrated dry squids, vegetables and mushrooms.
C1 [Ratanawimarnwong, Nuanlaor] Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
   [Teerasong, Saowapak] Mahidol Univ, Inst Innovat Learning, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
   [Amornthammarong, Natchanon] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Grudpan, Kate] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
   [Teshima, Norio; Sakai, Tadao] Aichi Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Toyota 4700392, Japan.
   [Nacapricha, Duangjai] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
   [Nacapricha, Duangjai] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Ctr Excellence Innovat Chem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
RP Ratanawimarnwong, N (reprint author), Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
EM nuanlaorr@swu.ac.th
RI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011
OI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865
FU Thailand Research Fund; Project for the Promotion of Science and
   Mathematics Talented Teachers
FX This work was supported by grants from the Thailand Research Fund (NR),
   the Project for the Promotion of Science and Mathematics Talented
   Teachers (ST). Support of equipments from the Center of Excellence for
   Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CC), Commission on Higher Education,
   Ministry of Education and the National Research Council of Thailand
   (NRCT) through the High Throughput Screening/Analysis: Tool for Drug
   Discovery, Disease Diagnosis and Health Safety Project, are gratefully
   acknowledged. Finally, we extend out appreciation to Mr. Ian Fraser for
   editing the manuscript.
NR 29
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 13
PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
PI TOKYO
PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN
SN 0910-6340
J9 ANAL SCI
JI Anal. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 5
BP 629
EP 633
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 596BM
UT WOS:000277658300019
PM 20467143
ER

PT J
AU Dagdigian, PJ
   Khachatrian, A
   Babushok, VI
AF Dagdigian, Paul J.
   Khachatrian, Ani
   Babushok, Valeri I.
TI Kinetic model of C/H/N/O emissions in laser-induced breakdown
   spectroscopy of organic compounds
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASMA EXPANSION; METALLIC LEAD; AMBIENT AIR; ABLATION; EXCITATION;
   PLUME; LINES
AB A kinetic model to predict the relative intensities of the atomic C/H/N/O emission lines in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been developed for organic compounds. The model includes a comprehensive set of chemical processes involving both neutral and ionic chemistry and physical excitation and de-excitation of atomic levels affecting the neutral, ionic, and excited-state species concentrations. The relative excited-state atom concentrations predicted by this modeling are compared with those derived from the observed LIBS intensities for 355 nm ns laser irradiation of residues of two organic compounds on aluminum substrate. The model reasonably predicts the relative excited-state concentrations, as well as their time profiles. Comparison of measured and computed concentrations has also allowed an estimation of the degree of air entrainment. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Dagdigian, Paul J.; Khachatrian, Ani] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Babushok, Valeri I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dagdigian, PJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Charles & 34Th St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM pjdagdigian@jhu.edu
FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-06-1-0446]
FX This research has been supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under
   the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative project
   W911NF-06-1-0446.
NR 31
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 8
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 13
BP C58
EP C66
DI 10.1364/AO.49.000C58
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 590HZ
UT WOS:000277217400028
ER

PT J
AU DeLorenzo, ME
   De Leon, RG
AF DeLorenzo, Marie E.
   De Leon, Ryan G.
TI Toxicity of the Insecticide Etofenprox to Three Life Stages of the Grass
   Shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; LETHAL; OYSTERS; TESTS
AB Opportunities for environmental contamination by the insecticide etofenprox are increasing as its uses expand from primarily indoor residential to rice cultivation and mosquito control. To provide toxicity data for sensitive saltwater species, effects of etofenprox were assessed using three life stages of the estuarine grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. Adults, larvae, and embryos were tested in aqueous exposures, while adults and larval shrimp were also tested in the presence of sediment. In addition, sublethal cellular stress biomarkers, glutathione and lipid peroxidation, were examined. Larval shrimp was the most sensitive life stage, with 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.89 mu g/l, compared with 1.26 mu g/l for adults and 100 mu g/l for embryos. Presence of sediment significantly decreased toxicity of etofenprox to both adult and larval shrimp. Etofenprox exposure (100 mu g/l) increased time to hatch in embryos. Lipid peroxidation levels were reduced in adult and larval shrimp after 96 h exposure to etofenprox, while no effect on glutathione was detected. The results of this study provide new information on the toxicity of etofenprox to estuarine invertebrates. These data may prove beneficial to the regulation of this pesticide and management of its uses in coastal areas.
C1 [DeLorenzo, Marie E.] Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NCCOS,Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA.
   [De Leon, Ryan G.] Miami Univ Ohio, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH USA.
RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NCCOS,Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA.
EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Center for Coastal
   Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research; Estuaries and Land Use
   Branch; National Science Foundation [DBI-0552828, IOS-0725245]
FX Support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and
   Biomolecular Research, Estuaries and Land Use Branch and the National
   Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program (
   grants DBI-0552828 and IOS-0725245). The authors thank Katy Chung and
   John Venturella for assistance with field collections and laboratory
   procedures. We are also grateful to Elizabeth Simonik for assistance
   with cellular biomarker analysis. The National Ocean Service does not
   approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material
   mentioned in this publication.
NR 21
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
EI 1432-0703
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 4
BP 985
EP 990
DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9496-3
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 589GU
UT WOS:000277135900010
PM 20300745
ER

PT J
AU Persily, A
   Hewett, M
AF Persily, Andrew
   Hewett, Martha
TI Using ASHRAE's New IAQ Guide
SO ASHRAE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Persily, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Hewett, Martha] Ctr Energy & Environm, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Persily, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC,
PI ATLANTA
PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA
SN 0001-2491
J9 ASHRAE J
JI ASHRAE J.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 52
IS 5
BP 75
EP +
PG 5
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
   Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 593EY
UT WOS:000277436600015
ER

PT J
AU Busch, DS
AF Busch, D. Shallin
TI Measuring stress in conservation settings: A reply to Linklater
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Busch, D. Shallin] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Busch, DS (reprint author), Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98125 USA.
EM shallin@u.washington.edu
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 143
IS 5
BP 1039
EP 1040
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.028
PG 2
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 606LY
UT WOS:000278427700003
ER

PT J
AU See, KE
   Feist, BE
AF See, Kevin E.
   Feist, Blake E.
TI Reconstructing the range expansion and subsequent invasion of introduced
   European green crab along the west coast of the United States
SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Carcinus maenas; Larval dispersal; European green crab; Invasive
   species; ROMS; Individual-based model
ID CARCINUS-MAENAS L; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SHORE CRAB; PROPAGULE
   DISPERSAL; VERTICAL MIGRATION; NONINDIGENOUS CRAB; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT;
   PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF
AB The European green crab, Carcinus maenas, was first documented in San Francisco Bay in 1989, and has since spread north along the west coast of North America. The spread of this invasion has not been a smooth expansion, which has raised questions about the underlying causes of variation in recruitment. We modeled larval development and transport along the West Coast by employing an individual-based model that incorporated oceanographic model output of water temperature and ocean currents at fine spatial and temporal scales. The distance that larvae were advected depended primarily on the timing of larval release. However, the effect of seasonal ocean currents varied across latitude and years. Our results imply that the furthest northern transport from California occurs when larvae are released from Humboldt Bay during the fall of an El Nio year, making this a particularly risky time for invasion to Oregon and Washington estuaries. To precisely predict future spread and potential impacts of green crab, we recommend further empirical research to determine the precise timing of larval release and seasonal abundance of green crab larvae from North American west coast populations.
C1 [See, Kevin E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Feist, Blake E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div,Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP See, KE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 352182, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM ksee@u.washington.edu
OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878
FU Aquatic Invasive Species Program; Northwest Fisheries Science Center
FX The authors would like to thank Jennifer Ruesink, P. Sean McDonald and
   Neil Banas for their valuable ideas, reviews and input. We also thank Al
   Hermann for assistance with ROMS, and Phil Levin as well as the
   anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on a previous draft of
   this manuscript. This research was funded by the Aquatic Invasive
   Species Program and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, both with
   the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The ideas expressed
   in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily
   represent positions of their employers or funding agencies.
NR 79
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 35
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-3547
EI 1573-1464
J9 BIOL INVASIONS
JI Biol. Invasions
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 12
IS 5
BP 1305
EP 1318
DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9548-7
PG 14
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 581GK
UT WOS:000276509400031
ER

PT J
AU Matos, MA
   Cicerone, MT
AF Matos, Marvi A.
   Cicerone, Marcus T.
TI Alternating Current Electric Field Effects on Neural Stem Cell Viability
   and Differentiation
SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS
LA English
DT Article
DE neural stem cell; stem cell differentiation; stem cell viability;
   electric field stimuli; transport enhancement; electrokinetics
ID INJURED SPINAL-CORD; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; POROUS HYDROGELS; POLYMER
   SCAFFOLD; MASS-TRANSFER; TISSUE; GROWTH; DIFFUSION; NEURONS;
   REGENERATION
AB Methods utilizing stem cells hold tremendous promise for tissue engineering applications; however, many issues must be worked out before these therapies can be routinely applied. Utilization of external cues for preimplantation expansion and differentiation offers a potentially viable approach to the use of stem cells in tissue engineering. The studies reported here focus on the response of murine neural stem cells encapsulated in alginate hydro gel beads to alternating current electric fields. Cell viability and differentiation was studied as a function of electric field magnitude and frequency. We applied fields of frequency (0.1-10) Hz, and found a marked peak in neural stem cell viability under oscillatory electric fields with a frequency of 1 Hz. We also found an enhanced propensity for astrocyte differentiation over neuronal differentiation in the 1 Hz cultures, as compared to the other field frequencies we studied. Published 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 26: 664-670, 2010
C1 [Matos, Marvi A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Matos, MA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mmatos@u.washington.edu; cicerone@nist.gov
FU National Research Council
FX This work was made possible by a postdoctoral fellowship granted by the
   National Research Council.
NR 40
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 17
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 8756-7938
J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR
JI Biotechnol. Prog.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 3
BP 664
EP 670
DI 10.1002/btpr.389
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA 615HG
UT WOS:000279124800008
PM 20205161
ER

PT J
AU Lewis, JM
   Martin, DW
   Rabin, RM
   Moosmuller, H
AF Lewis, John M.
   Martin, David W.
   Rabin, Robert M.
   Moosmueller, Hans
TI SUOMI: Pragmatic Visionary
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTHS RADIATION BUDGET; UNIVERSITY-OF-CHICAGO; METEOROLOGY; HISTORY;
   SYSTEM
AB The steps on Verner Suomi's path to becoming a research scientist are examined. We argue that his research style-his natural interests in science and engineering, and his methodology in pursuing answers to scientific questions-was developed in his youth on the Iron Range of northeastern Minnesota, as an instructor in the cadet program at the University of Chicago (U of C) during World War II and as a fledgling academician at University of Wisconsin-Madison. We examine several of his early experiments that serve to identify his style. The principal results of this study are 1) despite austere living conditions on the Iron Range during the Great Depression, Suomi benefited from excellent industrial arts courses at Eveleth High School; 2) with his gift for designing instruments, his more practical approach to scientific investigation flourished in the company of world-class scientific thinkers at U of C; 3) his dissertation on the heat budget over a cornfield in the mid-1950s served as a springboard for studying the Earth atmosphere energy balances in the space-age environment of the late 1950s; and 4) his design of radiometers-the so-called ping-pong radiometer and its sequel, the hemispheric bolometer flew aboard Explorer VI and Explorer VII in the late 1950s, and analysis of the radiances from these instruments led to the first accurate estimate of the Earth's mean albedo
C1 [Lewis, John M.; Rabin, Robert M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Martin, David W.; Rabin, Robert M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Lewis, John M.; Moosmueller, Hans] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
RP Lewis, JM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jlewis@dri.edu
RI Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; 
OI Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877
NR 50
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 5
BP 559
EP +
DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2897.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 608AO
UT WOS:000278552800002
ER

PT J
AU Frisk, MG
   Martell, SJD
   Miller, TJ
   Sosebee, K
AF Frisk, M. G.
   Martell, S. J. D.
   Miller, T. J.
   Sosebee, K.
TI Exploring the population dynamics of winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata)
   in the Georges Bank region using a statistical catch-at-age model
   incorporating length, migration, and recruitment process errors
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; ELASMOBRANCHS; CONNECTIVITY;
   PARAMETERS; ECOSYSTEM; ERINACEA; RAJIDAE; GROWTH
AB Winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) of all length classes increased dramatically in abundance on Georges Bank in the 1980s following the decline of many groundfish species. We present a full population model of winter skate to better understand the population dynamics of the species and elucidate the mechanisms underlying their increase in abundance in the 1980s. Specifically, we developed four statistical catch-at-age models incorporating length-frequency data with the following model structures: (i) observation error only (base model R1); (ii) observation and recruitment process errors (model R2); (iii) adult migration modeled as a random walk in adult mortality (model R3); and (iv) observation and recruitment process errors and adult migration (model R4). Akaike's information criterion values indicated that models R3 and R4, which both included adult migration, were the most parsimonious models. This finding strongly suggests that the winter skate population increase on Georges Bank in the 1980s was not solely a result of increases in recruitment but likely involved adult migration (i. e., it is an open population). Finally, recent predicted fishing mortalities exceeded FMSY for all models.
C1 [Frisk, M. G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Martell, S. J. D.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
   [Miller, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
   [Sosebee, K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Frisk, MG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM mfrisk@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008
OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614
NR 38
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 7
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 5
BP 774
EP 792
DI 10.1139/F10-008
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 591RP
UT WOS:000277321000002
ER

PT J
AU Brodziak, J
   Piner, K
AF Brodziak, Jon
   Piner, Kevin
TI Model averaging and probable status of North Pacific striped marlin,
   Tetrapturus audax
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID FISHERY-MANAGEMENT; THUNNUS-ORIENTALIS; BLUEFIN TUNA; UNCERTAINTY; RISK;
   CAUGHT; JAPAN
AB We show how model averaging can be applied to estimate the probable status of a fishery resource under assessment scenario uncertainty. This approach is applied to North Pacific striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax), an apex predator that may be vulnerable to recruitment overfishing in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas. In the current striped marlin assessment, two assessment scenarios were used to account for different hypotheses about the steepness of the stock-recruitment dynamics. Estimates of spawning stock and recruitment from these scenarios are used post hoc to fit age-structured production models that represent alternative hypotheses about the degree of compensation in stock-recruitment dynamics and the degree of serial correlation of environmental forcing. Model-averaged estimates of target spawning biomass to produce maximum sustainable yield (SMSY) and the associated limit fishing mortality (FMSY) characterize relative stock status (S/SMSY and F/FMSY) under each scenario. Scenario-weighted averages of relative status determine probable stock status, with weightings reflecting the credibility of each scenario. Estimates of the variance of probable status account for both model selection and assessment scenario uncertainty in risk analyses. Using model averaging to estimate probable stock status from multiple assessment scenarios is analogous to using ensemble averages from multiple predictive models to make weather forecasts.
C1 [Brodziak, Jon] Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Piner, Kevin] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Brodziak, J (reprint author), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM Jon.Brodziak@noaa.gov
NR 39
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 8
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 5
BP 793
EP 805
DI 10.1139/F10-029
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 591RP
UT WOS:000277321000003
ER

PT J
AU Bowman, J
   Ray, JC
   Magoun, AJ
   Johnson, DS
   Dawson, FN
AF Bowman, Jeff
   Ray, Justina C.
   Magoun, Audrey J.
   Johnson, Devin S.
   Dawson, F. Neil
TI Roads, logging, and the large-mammal community of an eastern Canadian
   boreal forest
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID WOODLAND CARIBOU POPULATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT SELECTION; SPATIAL
   COMPONENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UNITED-STATES; CANIS-LUPUS; GULO-GULO;
   WOLF; WOLVERINE
AB We evaluated hypotheses concerning the distributions of large mammals in a 60 000 km(2) study area that encompassed the contact zone between Ontario's roadless north and the postlogging southern landscape. We estimated occurrence probability in 575 sample units for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)), wolverine (Gulo gulo (L., 1758)), gray wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758), moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780)). We used ordinations and spatial regressions to assess the contributions of parameters to species occurrence. Roads and cutovers were most abundant in the south, leading to an increased prevalence of deciduous forest. Mature coniferous forest, however, occurred most commonly in the north. Occurrence probabilities for moose and deer were greatest in the south, in close association with deciduous trees. Wolf occurrence was also greatest in the south, positively related to both deciduous forest and road density. Caribou occurrence, however, was positively related to mature coniferous forest and negatively related to both wolf occurrence and roads. Wolverine occurrence was negatively related to deciduous forest. Our surveys demonstrated distinct mammal communities in the northern and southern halves of our study area, a separation that appeared to be mediated by deciduous forest and roads.
C1 [Bowman, Jeff] Trent Univ, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
   [Ray, Justina C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 2T9, Canada.
   [Magoun, Audrey J.] Wildlife Res & Management, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
   [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Dawson, F. Neil] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Thunder Bay, ON P7C 4T9, Canada.
RP Bowman, J (reprint author), Trent Univ, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, DNA Bldg,2140 E Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
EM jeff.bowman@ontario.ca
RI Bowman, Jeff/B-4147-2009
OI Bowman, Jeff/0000-0002-1892-4469
FU Living Legacy Research Program; Forest Products Association of Canada;
   Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Wildlife Conservation Society
   Canada
FX We are grateful to the Living Legacy Research Program, the Forest
   Products Association of Canada, the Ontario Ministry of Natural
   Resources, and the Wildlife Conservation Society Canada for funding the
   research. We are grateful to Patrick Valkenburg for his capable
   assistance as a pilot and tracker. We thank R.M. Gorman, K.R. Middel, G.
   Woolmer, and J. Zigouris for contributing ideas and for assistance with
   data and map preparation. We also thank C.J. Garroway, J.J. Nocera, B.S.
   Rempel, J.A. Schaefer, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the
   manuscript.
NR 69
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U1 8
U2 68
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 88
IS 5
BP 454
EP 467
DI 10.1139/Z10-019
PG 14
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 610KP
UT WOS:000278731900004
ER

PT J
AU Erdogan, ST
   Nie, X
   Stutzman, PE
   Garboczi, EJ
AF Erdogan, S. T.
   Nie, X.
   Stutzman, P. E.
   Garboczi, E. J.
TI Micrometer-scale 3-D shape characterization of eight cements: Particle
   shape and cement chemistry, and the effect of particle shape on laser
   diffraction particle size measurement
SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Fineness, grinding; Characterization, particle size distribution, laser
   diffraction; Cement manufacturers
ID CONCRETE; TRANSFORMATION; TOMOGRAPHY
AB Eight different portland cements were imaged on a synchrotron beam line at Brookhaven National Laboratory using X-ray microcomputed tomography at a voxel size of about 1 mu m per cubic voxel edge. The particles ranged in size roughly between 10 mu m and 100 mu m. The shape and size of individual particles were computationally analyzed using spherical harmonic analysis. The particle shape difference between cements was small but significant, as judged by several different quantitative shape measures, including the particle length, width, and thickness distributions. It was found that the average shape of cement particles was closely correlated with the volume fraction of C3S (alite) and C2S (belite) making up the cement powder. It is shown that the non-spherical particle shape of the cements strongly influence laser diffraction results, at least in the sieve size range of 20 mu m to 38 mu m. Since laser diffraction particle size measurement is being increasingly used by the cement industry, while cement chemistry is always a main factor in cement production, these results could have important implications for how this kind of particle size measurement should be understood and used in the cement industry. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Stutzman, P. E.; Garboczi, E. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inorgan Mat Grp, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Nie, X.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Erdogan, S. T.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey.
RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inorgan Mat Grp, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov
RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010; Erdogan, Sinan/I-4880-2012
FU Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL); U.S. Department
   of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical
   Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX We would like to thank the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory for
   cement samples, and the members of the Virtual Cement and Concrete
   Testing Laboratory (VCCTL) for donation of samples and partial support
   of this work. We would also like to thank the National Synchrotron Light
   Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of
   Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, for hosting us
   to do the X-ray CT measurements. We also thank Mr. Max Peltz for
   performing the laser diffraction measurements.
NR 46
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U1 1
U2 19
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0008-8846
EI 1873-3948
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES
JI Cem. Concr. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 40
IS 5
BP 731
EP 739
DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.12.006
PG 9
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 586OJ
UT WOS:000276919700007
ER

PT J
AU Hughes, M
   Hall, A
AF Hughes, Mimi
   Hall, Alex
TI Local and synoptic mechanisms causing Southern California's Santa Ana
   winds
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Santa Ana winds; Katabatic winds; Regional climate
ID IDEALIZED TOPOGRAPHY; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; DOWNSLOPE WINDS; GAP FLOWS; MODEL
AB The atmospheric conditions that lead to strong offshore surface winds in Southern California, commonly referred to as Santa Ana winds, are investigated using the North American Regional Reanalysis and a 12-year, 6-km resolution regional climate simulation of Southern California. We first construct an index to characterize Santa Ana events based on offshore wind strength. This index is then used to identify the average synoptic conditions associated with Santa Ana events-a high pressure anomaly over the Great Basin. This pressure anomaly causes offshore geostrophic winds roughly perpendicular to the region's mountain ranges, which in turn cause surface flow as the offshore momentum is transferred to the surface. We find, however, that there are large variations in the synoptic conditions during Santa Ana conditions, and that there are many days with strong offshore flow and weak synoptic forcing. This is due to local thermodynamic forcing that also causes strong offshore surface flow: a large temperature gradient between the cold desert surface and the warm ocean air at the same altitude creates an offshore pressure gradient at that altitude, in turn causing katabatic-like offshore flow in a thin layer near the surface. We quantify the contribution of "synoptic" and "local thermodynamic" mechanisms using a bivariate linear regression model, and find that, unless synoptic conditions force strongly onshore winds, the local thermodynamic forcing is the primary control on Santa Ana variability.
C1 [Hughes, Mimi; Hall, Alex] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Hughes, M (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80005 USA.
EM mrhughes@ucla.edu
RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014
OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; 
FU UCLA Dissertation Year Fellowship; NSF [ATM-0735056]
FX Mimi Hughes is supported by the UCLA Dissertation Year Fellowship and
   NSF ATM-0735056, which also supports Alex Hall. Part of this work was
   performed using NCAR supercomputer allocation 35681070. The authors
   would like to thank two anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly
   improved the manuscript.
NR 28
TC 44
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U1 0
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 34
IS 6
BP 847
EP 857
DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0650-4
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 587VC
UT WOS:000277021400006
ER

PT J
AU Nair, SS
   Wang, SQ
   Hurley, DC
AF Nair, Sandeep S.
   Wang, Siqun
   Hurley, Donna C.
TI Nanoscale characterization of natural fibers and their composites using
   contact-resonance force microscopy
SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
LA English
DT Article
DE Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Fibers; Interphase; Mechanical
   properties
ID REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CELL-WALL;
   ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; NANO-INDENTATION; SECONDARY WALL; WOOD FIBERS;
   LONGITUDINAL HARDNESS; EPOXY COMPOSITES; YOUNGS MODULUS
AB Contact-resonance force microscopy (CR-FM) has been used for the first time to evaluate the mechanical properties of the interphase in natural fiber-reinforced composites and of cell wall layers of natural fibers. With CR-FM, quantitative images of the spatial distribution in nanoscale elastic properties were acquired. The images were calibrated with nanoindentation values. From the modulus images, the average interphase width was found to be (49 +/- 5) nm for composite without any treatment, and (139 +/- 21) nm for one with a maleic anhydride polypropylene treatment. There was a gradient of modulus across the interphase that ranged between the values of fiber and the polymer. The average values of indentation modulus obtained for different cell wall layers within a fiber were 22.5-28.0 GPa, 17.9-20.2 GPa, and 15.0-15.5 GPa for the S(2) and S(1) layers and the compound middle lamellae, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Nair, Sandeep S.; Wang, Siqun] Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Hurley, Donna C.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Wang, SQ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM swang@utk.edu
FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research,
   Education, and Extension Service [2005-02645]; USDA Wood Utilization
   Research; Natural Science Foundation of China [30928022]
FX The authors thank Dr. John Dunlap and Dr. Cheng Xing at the University
   of Tennessee for their kind help in preparing the samples with the
   microtome and helping with the nanoindentation measurements. The project
   was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA
   Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Grant
   #2005-02645, the USDA Wood Utilization Research Grant and partly
   supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China #30928022.
NR 50
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U1 2
U2 28
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1359-835X
J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S
JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 41
IS 5
BP 624
EP 631
DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.01.009
PG 8
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 580EP
UT WOS:000276430300006
ER

PT J
AU Severinghaus, JP
   Albert, MR
   Courville, ZR
   Fahnestock, MA
   Kawamura, K
   Montzka, SA
   Muhle, J
   Scambos, TA
   Shields, E
   Shuman, CA
   Suwa, M
   Tans, P
   Weiss, RF
AF Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.
   Albert, Mary R.
   Courville, Zoe R.
   Fahnestock, Mark A.
   Kawamura, Kenji
   Montzka, Stephen A.
   Muehle, Jens
   Scambos, Ted A.
   Shields, Erin
   Shuman, Christopher A.
   Suwa, Makoto
   Tans, Pieter
   Weiss, Ray F.
TI Deep air convection in the firn at a zero-accumulation site, central
   Antarctica
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE convective zone; nitrogen isotopes; firn gas; snow metamorphism; ice
   core; greenhouse gas phasing
ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; POLAR ICE; ATMOSPHERIC
   HYDROXYL; TRAPPED AIR; SIPLE-DOME; CLOSE-OFF; SNOW; AGE; CONSTRAINTS
AB Ice cores provide unique archives of past atmospheres and climate, but interpretation of trapped-gas records and their climatic significance has been hampered by a poor knowledge of the prevalence of air convection in the firn layer on top of polar ice sheets. In particular, the phasing of greenhouse gases and climate from ice cores has been obscured by a discrepancy between empirical and model-based estimates of the age difference between trapped gases and enclosing ice, which may be due to air convection. Here we show that deep air convection (>23 m) occurs at a windy, near-zero-accumulation rate site in central Antarctica known informally as the Megadunes site (80.77914 degrees S, 124.48796 degrees E). Deep convection is evident in depth profiles of air withdrawn from the firn layer, in the observed pattern of the nitrogen isotope ratio (15)N/(14)N, the argon isotope ratio (40)Ar/(36)Ar, and in the mixing ratios of the anthropogenic halocarbons methyl chloroform (CH(3)CCl(3)) and HFC-134a (CH(2)FCF(3)). Transport parameters (diffusivities) were inferred and air was dated using measured carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and methane (CH(4)) mixing ratios, by comparing with the Law Dome atmospheric record, which shows that these are the oldest firn air samples ever recovered (CO(2) mean age = 1863 AD). The low accumulation rate and the consequent intense metamorphism of the firn (due to prolonged exposure to seasonal temperature cycling) likely contribute to deep air convection via large grain size and vertical cracks that act as conduits for vigorous air motion. The Megadunes site provides a possible modern analog for the glacial conditions in the Vostok, Dome Fuji, and Dome C ice core records and a possible explanation for lower-than-expected (15)N/(14)N ratios in trapped air bubbles at these times. A general conclusion is that very low accumulation rate causes deep air convection via its effect on firn structural characteristics. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Muehle, Jens; Shields, Erin; Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
   [Albert, Mary R.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
   [Courville, Zoe R.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
   [Fahnestock, Mark A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Study Complex Syst, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Kawamura, Kenji] Natl Inst Polar Res, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo 1738515, Japan.
   [Montzka, Stephen A.; Tans, Pieter] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Scambos, Ted A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
   [Shuman, Christopher A.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Suwa, Makoto] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Severinghaus, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
EM jseveringhaus@ucsd.edu
RI Kawamura, Kenji/C-7660-2011; Fahnestock, Mark/N-2678-2013; 
OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Kawamura,
   Kenji/0000-0003-1163-700X; Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359
FU NSF [OPP 02-30452, OPP 01-25276]; NOAA's Climate Program Office
FX Richard Alley suggested the idea of sampling firn air at the Megadunes
   site. Michael Bender inspired much of this work and made the
   delta<SUP>15</SUP>N measurements in his lab at Princeton. Two anonymous
   reviewers substantially improved the manuscript. We thank Louise
   Albershardt of Ice Coring and Drilling Services for the drilling and for
   making do with an unfinished (and partially functioning) drill. Special
   thanks go to the 2003-2004 Light Ground Traverse for their extraordinary
   efforts in preparing the runway that enabled LC-130 landings at the
   Megadunes site. Support for this work came from NSF-OPP 02-30452
   (J.P.S.), NSF-OPP 01-25276 (ancillary field data), and the Atmospheric
   Composition and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office
   (S.A.M.).
NR 53
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U1 3
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 293
IS 3-4
BP 359
EP 367
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.03.003
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 598ES
UT WOS:000277816900014
ER

PT J
AU Westphal, SA
   Childs, RD
   Seifert, KM
   Boyle, ME
   Fowke, M
   Iniguez, P
   Cook, CB
AF Westphal, Sydney A.
   Childs, Raymond D.
   Seifert, Karen M.
   Boyle, Mary E.
   Fowke, Margaret
   Iniguez, Paul
   Cook, Curtiss B.
TI MANAGING DIABETES IN THE HEAT: POTENTIAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS
SO ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
LA English
DT Review
ID INSULIN ABSORPTION; DISASTER PREPAREDNESS; EXERCISE; WAVE; TEMPERATURE;
   STABILITY; INFUSION; EXPOSURE; HORMONE; IMPACT
AB Objective: To review issues surrounding management of diabetes mellitus during times of extreme high temperatures.
   Methods: Materials used for this article were identified through a search of MEDLINE publications from 1966 to 2009. We chose English-language articles by using terms that cross-referenced diabetes mellitus, hot temperature, heat, desert, and insulin.
   Results: Persons with diabetes may have greater susceptibility to adverse effects from heat (ie, increased number of emergency department visits and hospitalizations, increased occurrence of dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities, and higher death rate) than persons without diabetes. Alterations in glucose homeostasis may occur, and changes in insulin kinetics and stability are possible. The impact of heat exposure on equipment performance (eg, glucometers) must be considered.
   Conclusions: Having diabetes places a person at risk for heat-related health problems. Physicians must be aware of possible complications that diabetic patients may encounter in summer heat to prevent problems. Patient educational materials should be developed relating to self-management skills in the heat, and the topic should be included in standard diabetes education programs when applicable. (Endocr Pract. 2010;16:506-511)
C1 [Westphal, Sydney A.; Childs, Raymond D.; Boyle, Mary E.; Cook, Curtiss B.] Mayo Clin, Div Endocrinol, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA.
   [Fowke, Margaret] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Strateg Planning & Policy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Iniguez, Paul] Natl Weather Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA.
RP Westphal, SA (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Div Endocrinol, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA.
EM westphal.sydney@mayo.edu
NR 35
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U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC CLIN ENDOCRINOL
PI JACKSONVILLE
PA 1000 RIVERSIDE AVE, STE 205, JACKSONVILLE, FL 32204 USA
SN 1530-891X
J9 ENDOCR PRACT
JI Endocr. Pract.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 3
BP 506
EP 511
DI 10.4158/EP09344.RA
PG 6
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 623MO
UT WOS:000279744800020
PM 20150024
ER

PT J
AU Bruno, TJ
   Baibourine, E
   Lovestead, TM
AF Bruno, Thomas J.
   Baibourine, Evgenii
   Lovestead, Tara M.
TI Comparison of Synthetic Isoparaffinic Kerosene Turbine Fuels with the
   Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS;
   SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; DIESEL FUEL; BIODIESEL
   FUEL; AVIATION FUEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC
   PROPERTIES; N-DODECANE
AB In recent years, civilian and military users of aviation kerosene have been interested in expanding the scope of fuel feed stocks to include nonpetroleum sources. There are many reasons for this, the most important of which are the potential minimization of supply disruptions, the minimization of dependence on foreign sources of petroleum, the vulnerability of large centralized refineries, and the rising costs of current fuel streams. It is unlikely that a completely new, drop-in replacement fuel will be successful in the foreseeable future. In the meantime, however, the goal is to extend or enhance present petroleum-derived stocks. For this to be done on a rational basis, careful attention must be paid to fuel design parameters, one of the most important of which is the fluid volatility as expressed by the distillation curve. We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves of complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis); (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state; (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development; (4) consistency with a century of historical data; (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction; (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction; and (7) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The composition explicit channel is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of rocket propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, and hydrocarbon crude oils. In this paper, we present the application of the technique to compare the characteristics of several new synthetic isoparaffinic kerosenes that are being used or tested as turbine fuels. These fuels include synthetics made from natural gas, coal, and waste greases.
C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Baibourine, Evgenii; Lovestead, Tara M.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU Professional Research Experience Program; National Academy of
   Sciences/National Research Council
FX A Professional Research Experience Program undergraduate fellowship is
   gratefully acknowledged by E.B., and a National Academy of
   Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship is gratefully
   acknowledged by T.M.L. We acknowledge the Propulsion Directorate of the
   Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, for the
   samples of fuel measured in this effort.
NR 59
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U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 24
BP 3049
EP 3059
DI 10.1021/ef100067q
PG 11
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 611VE
UT WOS:000278851000033
ER

PT J
AU Windom, BC
   Lovestead, TM
   Bruno, TJ
AF Windom, Bret C.
   Lovestead, Tara M.
   Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Application of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method to the Development
   of Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; IMPROVEMENTS; FUEL;
   COMBUSTION; ENTHALPY; EXPOSURE; S-8; CUT
AB The primary fuel used within the general aviation industry is a petroleum-based gasoline blended with small amounts of tetraethyl lead (a lead-based additive used to increase the octane number of gasoline without affecting its performance) called 100LL aviation gasoline. Lately, concern has mounted regarding the health effects of leaded aviation gasoline (typically called avgas). This concern, in addition to the increasing price of 100LL, has led to research involved with developing an unleaded avgas with the ability to meet performance regulations and safely operate the entire general aviation fleet without engine modifications. In this paper, we assess the vapor liquid equilibrium of two newly developed unleaded avgas fluids. For complex fluids, such as gasoline, the distillation curve provides the most practical approximation of this property. The distillation curves of these two fluids were measured by use of the advanced distillation curve method. The advanced distillation curve method uses temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty, providing true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, greatly aiding in the design of new fuels. In addition, the advanced distillation curve method incorporates a composition-explicit data channel, allowing for precise qualitative identification as well as quantitative analyses of each distillate fraction. In this paper, we present the distillation curves and track the composite enthalpy of combustion of the two unleaded aviation gasolines throughout their distillation. The results from this study are compared to previous vapor liquid equilibrium and composite enthalpy of combustion measurements performed on 100LL aviation gasoline.
C1 [Windom, Bret C.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU National Academy of Science/National Research Council
FX B.C.W. and T.M.L. acknowledge the National Academy of Science/National
   Research Council postdoctoral associateship program.
NR 42
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U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 24
BP 3275
EP 3284
DI 10.1021/ef100178e
PG 10
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 611VE
UT WOS:000278851000061
ER

PT J
AU Colton, AR
   Hurst, TP
AF Colton, Amanda R.
   Hurst, Thomas P.
TI Behavioral responses to light gradients, olfactory cues, and prey in
   larvae of two North Pacific gadids (Gadus macrocephalus and Theragra
   chalcogramma)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Foraging cues; Larval behavior; Gadus macrocephalus; Theragra
   chalcogramma; Patchiness; Kinesis; Taxis
ID GULF-OF-ALASKA; JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   LABORATORY CONDITIONS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; CHEMICAL STIMULI;
   SHELIKOF-STRAIT; COD; FISH; PATCHINESS
AB The growth and survival of larvae can be significantly enhanced through close association with patches of high prey concentration. However, the taxis and kinesis responses used by larvae to locate and maintain residence in micro-patches remains poorly understood. In this study, the behavioral responses of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) larvae (45-100 dph) to light, prey scent, and prey were examined. Both species displayed an ontogenetic shift in response to a horizontal light gradient, with small larvae (11-13 mm SL) exhibiting a positive phototaxis and large larvae (23-32 mm SL) exhibiting a negative phototaxis. Whether this reversal is related to ontogenetically appropriate foraging cues or some other aspect of the environment remains to be determined. Neither species displayed significant behavioral responsiveness to the introduction of olfactory prey cues at either size. The aggregating (taxis) response of large larvae to introduction of live prey was stronger than that of small larvae, possibly due to increased reaction distances and encounter rates. In addition, both species exhibited a kinesis response of reducing the frequency of swimming bouts in response to introduction of live prey. These results suggest that the scale of prey patchiness and the physical factors that determine patch encounter rates are a significant determinant of larval growth and survival in the early feeding stages of marine fishes.
C1 [Colton, Amanda R.; Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA NMFS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov
RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013
FU North Pacific Research Board [R0605]; AFSC
FX We wish to thank Michelle Ottmar, Scott Haines, Ben Laurel, Louise
   Copeman, and Matthew Hawkyard for assistance with larval rearing. Cliff
   Ryer provided assistance with light measurements in experimental tanks.
   Ben Laurel and Michael Davis offered advice throughout experimental
   design and analysis. Jim Ruzicka, Michael Davis, Allan Stoner, and two
   anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. Fish
   culture was supported, in part, by a research grant from the North
   Pacific Research Board (#R0605 to B. Laurel et al.). A. R. C. was
   supported through funding from the AFSC diversity panel.
NR 45
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U1 0
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 88
IS 1
BP 39
EP 49
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9616-y
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 576FO
UT WOS:000276129900007
ER

PT J
AU Warren, DR
   Mineau, MM
   Ward, EJ
   Kraft, CE
AF Warren, Dana R.
   Mineau, Madeleine M.
   Ward, Eric J.
   Kraft, Clifford E.
TI Relating fish biomass to habitat and chemistry in headwater streams of
   the northeastern United States
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Stream pH; Pool habitat; Fish biomass; Headwaters; Brook Trout; Slimy
   Sculpin
ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; WOODY
   DEBRIS; COLORADO STREAMS; COASTAL STREAM; ALUMINUM; POPULATIONS;
   MORTALITY; GROWTH
AB Stream pH and stream habitat have both been identified as important environmental features influencing total fish biomass in streams, but few studies have evaluated the relative influence of habitat and pH together. We measured total fish biomass, stream habitat, and stream pH in sixteen sites from three tributary systems in the northeastern United States. The habitat metrics included total pool area, a cover score, large wood frequency, and stream temperature. We created and compared nine linear models relating total fish biomass in summer to stream pH and stream habitat using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) analysis. The best (most parsimonious) models included pool area and stream pH. These results and a separate comparison of three regressions (low-flow pH, pool area, and these two metrics together versus total fish biomass) suggest that both habitat and stream buffering capacity affect the total biomass of fish in northeastern US headwater streams. When stream pH is adequate (low-flow pH greater than at least 5.7), physical habitat is likely to be more important, but under lower pH conditions, habitat is likely to be less effective in accounting for the total biomass of fish in these streams. This work demonstrates the continued effects of stream acidification in the northeastern US and more generally, it illustrates the importance of considering both physical and chemical conditions of a stream when evaluating the factors influencing fish communities.
C1 [Kraft, Clifford E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Warren, Dana R.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Mineau, Madeleine M.] Idaho State Univ, Stream Ecol Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
RP Warren, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM dana.warren@noaa.gov
RI Warren, Dana/G-5600-2012
FU Keickhefer Adirondack Fellowship; EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR)
   Fellowship; Biogeochemistry and Environmental Biocomplexity NSF IGERT at
   Cornell University
FX We thank Travis Andrews for help in data collection and field work.
   Barry Baldigo, Doug Burns, Kate Macneale, Annika Walters, the associate
   editor, and three anonymous reviewers provided numerous useful comments
   to improve this manuscript. We thank the Adirondack League Club for
   access to study sites in the Adirondack Mountains. We thank Lenny
   Gerardi of Vermont Fish and Wildlife and Jamie Shanley of the U.S.
   Geological Survey for their help in accessing sites in Vermont. Funding
   for this study was provided by the Keickhefer Adirondack Fellowship, by
   an EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowship, and by the
   Biogeochemistry and Environmental Biocomplexity NSF IGERT grant at
   Cornell University. This publication does not reflect the view of any
   funding agency.
NR 44
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U1 5
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 88
IS 1
BP 51
EP 62
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9617-x
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 576FO
UT WOS:000276129900008
ER

PT J
AU Rozas, LP
   Minello, TJ
AF Rozas, Lawrence P.
   Minello, Thomas J.
TI Nekton Density Patterns in Tidal Ponds and Adjacent Wetlands Related to
   Pond Size and Salinity
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Marsh pond; Fishery habitat; SAV; Oligohaline; Salt marsh
ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; SHALLOW MARSH HABITATS; CAPE FEAR RIVER;
   GULF-OF-MEXICO; SALT-MARSH; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS;
   NORTH-CAROLINA; GALVESTON BAY; FRESH-WATER
AB We examined the distribution of nekton across the marsh landscape using a 1-m(2) drop sampler to compare nekton densities across three different salinity zones (intermediate, brackish, saline), three pond sizes (diameter <40 m=small, similar to 250-300 m=medium, >750 m=large), and two habitat types (pond, adjacent marsh) in the Barataria Bay Estuary, Louisiana. Nekton assemblages of ponds and the adjacent marsh appeared to be structured by the responses of individual species to the estuarine salinity gradient at the landscape scale and to pond habitat attributes locally. Our results indicate that ponds in the brackish and saline zones are more important nursery areas for most fishery species than ponds in the intermediate zone. Medium and large ponds supported higher densities of most species than small ponds. Most species of nekton were associated with vegetation structure, and individuals of these species were either concentrated among plant stems at the marsh edge or within submerged aquatic vegetation in ponds.
C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
   [Minello, Thomas J.] SEFSC, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center
FX This research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast
   Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch
   (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and
   Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. The assistance of
   everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this
   project. In particular, we thank Jason Breeding, Harley Clinton, Molly
   Dillender, Jim Ditty, Jennifer Doerr, Chris Fontenot, John Foret, Engi
   Guy, Ebony Henderson, Shawn Hillen, Joni Kernan, Kirk Kilfoyle, Mark
   London, Carolyn Martin, Joy Merino, Suraida Nanez-James, Cherie O'Brien,
   Lori Ortega, Matt Prine, Brian Riley, Juan Salas, Bubba Taylor, Katie
   Turner, and Elizabeth Wilson for helping to collect and process samples,
   Philip Caldwell for producing Fig. 1, and Ronnie Baker for the CART
   analysis. University of New Orleans students John Anderson, Danny Bond,
   and Sarah Fearnley also helped collect nekton samples. We acknowledge
   the Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force
   and NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center for
   funding this research project. The findings and conclusions in this
   report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the
   views of the NOAA Fisheries Service.
NR 70
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U1 1
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 3
BP 652
EP 667
DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9258-5
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 606HI
UT WOS:000278413100006
ER

PT J
AU Bauer, LJ
   Miller, TJ
AF Bauer, Laurie J.
   Miller, Thomas J.
TI Temperature-, Salinity-, and Size-Dependent Winter Mortality of Juvenile
   Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus)
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; Overwintering mortality; Survival
   analysis
ID BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ABUNDANCE; COLD; RECRUITMENT;
   TOLERANCE; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL
AB At midlatitudes within its range, overwintering mortality may play an important role in regulating blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) populations. We conducted a 121-day experiment to estimate winter mortality that used realistic temperature acclimation periods prior to and light levels during experiments. A 2x2x2 factorial experimental design was used to test for the effects of temperature (3 degrees C, 5 degrees C), salinity (10, 25), and sediment (sediment, no sediment) on the survival of juvenile crabs (14-68-mm carapace width) of both hatchery and wild origin. The presence of sediment did not significantly alter crab survival, while hatchery-raised crabs experienced significantly lower survivorship than wild-caught crabs. An accelerated failure time model fit to the survival data indicated that time to death increased significantly with increasing temperature, salinity, and crab size. These results suggest that winter survival varies with winter severity, is spatially dynamic, and that small juveniles are more at risk of dying over the winter than larger juveniles.
C1 [Bauer, Laurie J.; Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
RP Bauer, LJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Laurie.Bauer@noaa.gov
RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008
OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614
NR 34
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 3
BP 668
EP 677
DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9277-2
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 606HI
UT WOS:000278413100007
ER

PT J
AU Bauer, LJ
   Miller, TJ
AF Bauer, Laurie J.
   Miller, Thomas J.
TI Spatial and Interannual Variability in Winter Mortality of the Blue Crab
   (Callinectes sapidus) in the Chesapeake Bay
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; Chesapeake Bay; Overwintering mortality;
   Geostatistics
ID BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WADDEN SEA; DEPENDENT GROWTH;
   SIZE; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; COASTAL
AB The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, is an ecologically and economically valuable species in Chesapeake Bay. Field surveys and laboratory experiments indicate that blue crab mortality is significant during severe winters. We applied a temperature and salinity-dependent survival model to empirical temperature and salinity data to explore spatial and interannual patterns in overwintering mortality. Harmonic regression analysis and geostatistical techniques were used to create spatially explicit maps of estimated winter duration, average temperature, average salinity, and resulting crab survival probability for the winters of 1990-2004. Predicted survival was highest in the warmer, saline waters of the lower Bay and decreased with increasing latitude up bay. There was also significant interannual variation with survival being lowest after the severe winters of 1996 and 2003. We combine the survival probability maps with maps of blue crab abundance to show how winter mortality may reduce blue crab abundance prior to the start of the harvesting season.
C1 [Bauer, Laurie J.; Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
RP Bauer, LJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1305 Eeast West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Laurie.Bauer@noaa.gov
RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008
OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614
FU Maryland Sea Grant, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US
   Department of Commerce [NA16RG2207/SC528051K]
FX We wish to thank Olaf Jensen for statistical and GIS advice and for
   providing geostatistical estimates of crab abundance. Thanks to Glenn
   Davis with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources for providing
   mortality data from the WDS. Dave Secor and Vic Kennedy provided helpful
   comments and editorial assistance on earlier versions of this
   manuscript. This work was prepared by LJB and TJM under awards
   NA16RG2207/SC528051K from Maryland Sea Grant, National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce. The statements,
   findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s)
   and do not necessarily reflect the views of Maryland Sea Grant, the
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Department of
   Commerce. This is contribution number 4355 of the University of Maryland
   Center for Environmental Science.
NR 42
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U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 3
BP 678
EP 687
DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9237-x
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 606HI
UT WOS:000278413100008
ER

PT J
AU Kelsey, RH
   Scott, GI
   Porter, DE
   Siewicki, TC
   Edwards, DG
AF Kelsey, Rense Heath
   Scott, Geoffrey I.
   Porter, Dwayne E.
   Siewicki, Thomas C.
   Edwards, Donald G.
TI Improvements to Shellfish Harvest Area Closure Decision Making Using
   GIS, Remote Sensing, and Predictive Models
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Remote sensing; Ecological forecasting; GIS; Fecal pollution modeling;
   Decision support tools
ID LAND-USE; POLLUTION; BEACH
AB Currently, many states use precipitation information to regulate periodic closures of shellfish harvest areas based on a presumptive relationship between rainfall and bacteria concentration. We evaluate this relationship in four South Carolina estuaries and suggest new predictive models that integrate remote sensing precipitation data with additional environmental and climatic data. Model comparisons using Akaike's information criterion, tenfold cross-validation, and model r(2) values show substantial and consistent improvements using integrated precipitation, salinity, and water temperature data as predictors. These models may be useful for shellfish area closure regulation support. The model development approaches used here may also be useful in estimating bacteria concentration at beaches and can serve as the basis for developing near-real-time estimates and forecast predictions of bacteria levels for closure decision-making tools.
C1 [Kelsey, Rense Heath] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, EcoCheck Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Partnership, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
   [Scott, Geoffrey I.; Siewicki, Thomas C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Porter, Dwayne E.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   [Edwards, Donald G.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Stat, Coll Arts & Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Kelsey, RH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, EcoCheck Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Partnership, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
EM heath.kelsey@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research/Coastal Ocean Program;
   NOAA NOS [NA05NOS4261154, NA960PO113]
FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Charles Newel and the South Carolina
   Department of Health and Environmental Control for their support and
   guidance in the development of this research. Figure 1 was prepared by
   Caroline Wicks (www.Eco-Check.org) with symbols prepared by the
   Integration and Applications Network at the University of Maryland
   Center for Environmental Science in Cambridge, MD. This paper is a
   result of research sponsored by the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal
   Ocean Research/Coastal Ocean Program through the S.C. Sea Grant
   Consortium through the following grants: the NOAA NOS-funded
   Urbanization and Southeastern Estuarine Systems Project (USES) grant no.
   NA05NOS4261154, and the NOAA NOS-funded Land Use-Coastal Ecosystem Study
   (LU-CES) grant no. NA960PO113. This publication does not constitute an
   endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond
   scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA,
   or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales
   promotion which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses
   any proprietary product mentioned herein or which has as its purpose an
   interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because
   of this publication. The US government is authorized to produce and
   distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding copyright
   notation that may appear hereon. This manuscript is contribution number
   1598 of the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences,
   and University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science contribution
   number 4381.
NR 15
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 3
BP 712
EP 722
DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9264-7
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 606HI
UT WOS:000278413100011
ER

PT J
AU Satterthwaite, WH
   Beakes, MP
   Collins, EM
   Swank, DR
   Merz, JE
   Titus, RG
   Sogard, SM
   Mangel, M
AF Satterthwaite, William. H.
   Beakes, Michael P.
   Collins, Erin M.
   Swank, David R.
   Merz, Joseph E.
   Titus, Robert G.
   Sogard, Susan M.
   Mangel, Marc
TI State-dependent life history models in a changing (and regulated)
   environment: steelhead in the California Central Valley
SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptation; anadromy; life history evolution; phenotypic plasticity;
   state-dependent model; steelhead; water management
ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT;
   CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; ATLANTIC SALMON;
   FEEDING-HABITS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; KEOGH RIVER; GROWTH
AB We use a state dependent life history model to predict the life history strategies of female steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in altered environments. As a case study of a broadly applicable approach, we applied this model to the American and Mokelumne Rivers in central California, where steelhead are listed as threatened. Both rivers have been drastically altered, with highly regulated flows and translocations that may have diluted local adaptation. Nevertheless, evolutionary optimization models could successfully predict the life history displayed by fish on the American River (all anadromous, with young smolts) and on the Mokelumne River (a mix of anadromy and residency). The similar fitness of the two strategies for the Mokelumne suggested that a mixed strategy could be favored in a variable environment. We advance the management utility of this framework by explicitly modeling growth as a function of environmental conditions and using sensitivity analyses to predict likely evolutionary endpoints under changed environments. We conclude that the greatest management concern with respect to preserving anadromy is reduced survival of emigrating smolts, although large changes in freshwater survival or growth rates are potentially also important. We also demonstrate the importance of considering asymptotic size along with maximum growth rate.
C1 [Satterthwaite, William. H.; Beakes, Michael P.; Swank, David R.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Satterthwaite, William. H.] MRAG Amer, Capitola, CA USA.
   [Beakes, Michael P.; Swank, David R.; Sogard, Susan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
   [Collins, Erin M.; Titus, Robert G.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
   [Merz, Joseph E.] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, AL USA.
   [Merz, Joseph E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM satterth@darwin.ucsc.edu
FU CALFED Science Program [SCI-05-140];  [U-05-SC-40]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the CALFED Science Program
   under Grant SCI-05-140, Grantee Agreement U-05-SC-40. The work was
   completed with the support of the Center for Stock Assessment Research,
   a partnership between the Southwest Fisheries Science Center Santa Cruz
   Laboratory and UCSC. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
   recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and
   do not necessarily reflect the views of the CALFED Science Program. We
   also thank W. Heady, J. Williams, M. Workman, and the East Bay Municipal
   Utility District for sharing unpublished data and ideas. We thank E.
   Mora for the map in Fig. 1. We thank L. Crozier and two anonymous
   reviewers for helpful comments.
NR 69
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U1 2
U2 24
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1752-4571
J9 EVOL APPL
JI Evol. Appl.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 3
BP 221
EP 243
DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00103.x
PG 23
WC Evolutionary Biology
SC Evolutionary Biology
GA 584YM
UT WOS:000276790700001
PM 25567921
ER

PT J
AU Waples, RS
   Do, C
AF Waples, Robin S.
   Do, Chi
TI Linkage disequilibrium estimates of contemporary N-e using highly
   variable genetic markers: a largely untapped resource for applied
   conservation and evolution
SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE bias; computer simulations; confidence intervals; effective population
   size; microsatellites; precision; temporal method
ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; EFFECTIVE
   NUMBER; HETEROZYGOTE-EXCESS; ALLELE FREQUENCY; PROGRAM; DRIFT;
   SELECTION; PATTERNS; BREEDERS
AB Genetic methods are routinely used to estimate contemporary effective population size (N-e) in natural populations, but the vast majority of applications have used only the temporal (two-sample) method. We use simulated data to evaluate how highly polymorphic molecular markers affect precision and bias in the single-sample method based on linkage disequilibrium (LD). Results of this study are as follows: (1) Low-frequency alleles upwardly bias (N) over cap (e), but a simple rule can reduce bias to < about 10% without sacrificing much precision. (2) With datasets routinely available today (10-20 loci with 10 alleles; 50 individuals), precise estimates can be obtained for relatively small populations (N-e < 200), and small populations are not likely to be mistaken for large ones. However, it is very difficult to obtain reliable estimates for large populations. (3) With 'microsatellite' data, the LD method has greater precision than the temporal method, unless the latter is based on samples taken many generations apart. Our results indicate the LD method has widespread applicability to conservation (which typically focuses on small populations) and the study of evolutionary processes in local populations. Considerable opportunity exists to extract more information about N-e in nature by wider use of single-sample estimators and by combining estimates from different methods.
C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Do, Chi] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM robin.waples@noaa.gov
RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016
FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (Durham, NC); National Center for
   Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, CA)
FX We thank Phillip England, Mike Ford, Itsuro Koizumi, Gordon Luikart,
   James Russell, and two anonymous reviewers for useful discussion and
   comments. This work benefitted from discussions with the Genetic
   Monitoring (GeM) Working Group jointly supported by the National
   Evolutionary Synthesis Center (Durham, NC) and the National Center for
   Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, CA).
NR 53
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PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1752-4571
J9 EVOL APPL
JI Evol. Appl.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 3
BP 244
EP 262
DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00104.x
PG 19
WC Evolutionary Biology
SC Evolutionary Biology
GA 584YM
UT WOS:000276790700002
PM 25567922
ER

PT J
AU Barnas, K
   Katz, SL
AF Barnas, Katie
   Katz, Stephen L.
TI The Challenges of Tracking Habitat Restoration at Various Spatial Scales
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID RIVER RESTORATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RESTORING RIVERS
AB evaluating the ecological effectiveness of the hundreds of millions of dollars invested to recover Pacific Northwest salmon has a number of prerequisites principally, detailed knowledge of management actions. In the absence of coordinated ecological monitoring, basic restoration project metadata (type, location, timing, etc.) is the primary source of information guiding restoration planning and management decisions. There are surprisingly few sources of habitat restoration information at scales appropriate to salmon recovery, ranging from small sub-watersheds to multistate evolutionarily significant units. We evaluate the consistency of two Columbia River basin restoration inventories developed in different ways but similar in goal: to inform future project placement. We compared the Pacific Northwest Habitat Project Database, compiled by researchers at NOAA Fisheries Service, and the Subbasin Inventories, compiled by local entities within each of 62 subbasins. Confederating these two data holdings, we found 11,805 projects in the Columbia River Basin, with only 13% (1,549/ 11,805) in common. Subbasin-scale inventories capture more locally sponsored projects than do large-scale data compilations. Attributes (date, cost) of projects in common to both datasets matched less than half the time, suggesting organizations working on the same project are reporting independently and differently to either the database or inventories. We found that the lack of common data standards and lack of knowledge about accessible data sources are major hurdles to making data available for decision making.
C1 [Barnas, Katie] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Barnas, K (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
EM Katie.Barnas@noaa.gov
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 5
BP 232
EP 241
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.5.232
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 614NK
UT WOS:000279066100004
ER

PT J
AU Il Lee, S
   Aydin, KY
   Spencer, PD
   Wilderbuer, TK
   Zhang, CI
AF Il Lee, Sung
   Aydin, Kerim Y.
   Spencer, Paul D.
   Wilderbuer, Thomas K.
   Zhang, Chang Ik
TI The role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern
   Bering Sea ecosystem
SO FISHERIES SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Eastern Bering Sea; Ecopath; Ecosim; Flatfishes; Food web
ID FISHERIES; MODELS
AB We evaluated the role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem using the Ecopath/Ecosim approach. As basic input data for the Ecopath/Ecosim model, we used estimates of biomass from bottom trawl surveys and age-structured population models, production/biomass (P/B) ratio, consumption/biomass (Q/B) ratio, diet composition (DC), and fisheries harvests for each component of species or species groups. We estimated the trophic level of each component, niche overlaps among flatfishes, and the impacts of competition and predation on flatfish species in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Based on those estimates, we developed the tropho-dynamic structure of the ecosystem, and the model was used to simulate ecological effects of fishery exploitation patterns. No single flatfish species appeared to have a profound and uniquely important role in the organization and structure of the ecosystem. Instead, the most important component among the guild of flatfish species appeared to be yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper, which had greater biomass than other flatfish and a relatively diverse diet among the small flatfish species. Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias were important keystone predators in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem together with some groups of marine mammals and sea birds. Intra flatfish complex cannibalism was not observed, however, substantial diet overlaps were common in the flatfish guild system.
C1 Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Pukyong National Univers, Daeyeon 3 dong, Nam gu, Pusan 608737, South Korea.
   [Il Lee, Sung] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, E Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Kangnung 210861, South Korea.
   [Aydin, Kerim Y.; Spencer, Paul D.; Wilderbuer, Thomas K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Zhang, Chang Ik] Pukyong Natl Univ, Pusan 608737, South Korea.
RP Il Lee, S (reprint author), Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, E Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Kangnung 210861, South Korea.
EM silee@nfrdi.go.kr
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 19
PU SPRINGER TOKYO
PI TOKYO
PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN
SN 0919-9268
J9 FISHERIES SCI
JI Fish. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 3
BP 411
EP 434
DI 10.1007/s12562-009-0201-2
PG 24
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 589TS
UT WOS:000277177500002
ER

PT J
AU Addis, EA
   Busch, DS
   Clark, AD
   Wingfield, JC
AF Addis, Elizabeth A.
   Busch, D. Shallin
   Clark, Aaron D.
   Wingfield, John C.
TI Seasonal and social modulation of testosterone in Costa Rican
   rufous-collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis)
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Comparative Neuroendocrinology Symposium - Evolutionary and
   Development Neuroendocrinology
CY JUN 26, 2009
CL Univ Honk Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
HO Univ Honk Kong
DE Testosterone; Zonotrichia capensis; Tropics; Reproductive synchrony;
   Reproduction; Social modulation
ID MALE ANDROGEN RESPONSIVENESS; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; DARK-EYED JUNCOS;
   TERRITORIAL AGGRESSION; CHALLENGE HYPOTHESIS; STEROID-HORMONES; TROPICAL
   BIRD; BEHAVIORAL INSENSITIVITY; REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE
AB Previous work shows that most birds breeding in northern temperate regions adjust production of testosterone in response to stage of the breeding cycle and in some cases following social interactions. In contrast, prior research suggests that tropical breeding birds are less likely to modulate testosterone in response to social interactions (the propensity to increase testosterone in response to social instability is known as the challenge hypothesis). To further test the challenge hypothesis in tropical birds, we investigated whether variation in season affects reproductive condition, aggressive behavior, and social modulation of testosterone in two populations of Costa Rican rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis. We conducted our study at three distinct times of year: the dry season (March and May); the veranillo, a hiatus in the rainy season (July); and the late rainy season (November). Significantly more birds were in breeding condition in the dry season than in the rainy season or veranillo. In each time period, we collected baseline testosterone samples and conducted simulated territorial intrusions (STIs). Our study shows that testosterone is modulated with season independent of breeding condition, as testosterone levels were affected by season, breeding condition, and an interaction of the two factors. Males breeding in the dry season had higher plasma testosterone levels than non-breeding males in the dry season and both breeding and non-breeding males in the veranillo and rainy season. Males did not socially modulate testosterone in any season. Aggressive behaviors expressed during STIs did not differ among seasons with the exception that males sang fewer songs during the rainy season. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Addis, Elizabeth A.; Busch, D. Shallin; Clark, Aaron D.; Wingfield, John C.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Wingfield, John C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Addis, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM addise@u.washington.edu
NR 82
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 17
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
EI 1095-6840
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 166
IS 3
SI SI
BP 581
EP 589
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.01.011
PG 9
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 589ZF
UT WOS:000277192000018
PM 20074576
ER

PT J
AU Selig, ER
   Casey, KS
   Bruno, JF
AF Selig, Elizabeth R.
   Casey, Kenneth S.
   Bruno, John F.
TI New insights into global patterns of ocean temperature anomalies:
   implications for coral reef health and management
SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; coral bleaching; coral disease; coral reefs;
   disturbance; marine protected areas; sea surface temperature;
   temperature anomalies
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; THERMAL-STRESS;
   CLIMATE-CHANGE; IN-SITU; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BAND DISEASE; RESOLUTION;
   SATELLITE; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Aim
   Coral reefs are widely considered to be particularly vulnerable to changes in ocean temperatures, yet we understand little about the broad-scale spatio-temporal patterns that may cause coral mortality from bleaching and disease. Our study aimed to characterize these ocean temperature patterns at biologically relevant scales.
   Location
   Global, with a focus on coral reefs.
   Methods
   We created a 4-km resolution, 21-year global ocean temperature anomaly (deviations from long-term means) database to quantify the spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature anomalies related to both coral bleaching and disease. Then we tested how patterns varied in several key metrics of disturbance severity, including anomaly frequency, magnitude, duration and size.
   Results
   Our analyses found both global variation in temperature anomalies and fine-grained spatial variability in the frequency, duration and magnitude of temperature anomalies. However, we discovered that even during major climatic events with strong spatial signatures, like the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, areas that had high numbers of anomalies varied between years. In addition, we found that 48% of bleaching-related anomalies and 44% of disease-related anomalies were less than 50 km2, much smaller than the resolution of most models used to forecast climate changes.
   Main conclusions
   The fine-scale variability in temperature anomalies has several key implications for understanding spatial patterns in coral bleaching- and disease-related anomalies as well as for designing protected areas to conserve coral reefs in a changing climate. Spatial heterogeneity in temperature anomalies suggests that certain reefs could be targeted for protection because they exhibit differences in thermal stress. However, temporal variability in anomalies could complicate efforts to protect reefs, because high anomalies in one year are not necessarily predictive of future patterns of stress. Together, our results suggest that temperature anomalies related to coral bleaching and disease are likely to be highly heterogeneous and could produce more localized impacts of climate change.
C1 [Selig, Elizabeth R.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   [Casey, Kenneth S.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   [Selig, Elizabeth R.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
RP Selig, ER (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM e.selig@conservation.org
RI Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013
OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117
FU NOAA; EPA STAR fellowship
FX We thank Erich Bartels, Peter Edmunds and the CRC Research Centre for
   contributing temperature data and T. Kristiansen, D. Luther, M. I.
   O'Connor and three anonymous referees for valuable comments, which
   greatly improved the manuscript. This research was partially funded by
   the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and an EPA STAR fellowship to
   ERS.
NR 65
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 34
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1466-822X
J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR
JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 3
BP 397
EP 411
DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00522.x
PG 15
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 580ZT
UT WOS:000276490400010
ER

PT J
AU Lefebvre, KA
   Robertson, A
   Frame, ER
   Colegrove, KM
   Nance, S
   Baugh, KA
   Wiedenhoft, H
   Gulland, FMD
AF Lefebvre, Kathi A.
   Robertson, Alison
   Frame, Elizabeth R.
   Colegrove, Kathleen M.
   Nance, Shelly
   Baugh, Keri A.
   Wiedenhoft, Heather
   Gulland, Frances M. D.
TI Clinical signs and histopathology associated with domoic acid poisoning
   in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and comparison of toxin
   detection methods
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Algal toxin; Biotoxin detection methods; Biotoxin trophic transfer;
   Callorhinus; Domoic acid; Northern fur seal
ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MORTALITY EVENT;
   TOXICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; COAST; USA
AB Between July 2005 and March 2009, 33 northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) were collected after stranding along the central California coast between Sonoma and San Luis Obispo counties. Of these, 26 were collected live and could be observed for signs of neuroexcitotoxicity. Approximately half exhibited the classic clinical signs of domoic acid (DA) toxicosis including muscle twitches and ataxia, to seizures and coma, and had lesions in the central nervous system and heart. Several biological fluids were collected for DA analysis including aqueous humor, serum, stomach contents, feces, urine, abdominal fluid, amniotic fluid and milk. Four analytical methods were employed including receptor binding assay (RBA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The DA concentrations determined by each method were positively correlated. Domoic acid was detected in 83% of fecal samples collected from northern fur seals in the present study and in one animal was calculated to contain up to 18.6 mu g DA/g. Interestingly, DA was detected and confirmed in the aqueous humor of the only animal this sample-type was collected from, suggesting that this may prove to be a useful diagnostic body fluid for algal toxin detection in marine mammal mortality events. These data document for the first time that northern fur seals are impacted by DA-producing harmful algal blooms along the California coast. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Robertson, Alison; Frame, Elizabeth R.; Nance, Shelly; Baugh, Keri A.; Wiedenhoft, Heather] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Colegrove, Kathleen M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, LUMC, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA.
   [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA.
RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov
NR 35
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 4
BP 374
EP 383
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2010.01.007
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 598GM
UT WOS:000277823100004
ER

PT J
AU Richardson, DE
   Hare, JA
   Overholtz, WJ
   Johnson, DL
AF Richardson, David E.
   Hare, Jonathan A.
   Overholtz, William J.
   Johnson, Donna L.
TI Development of long-term larval indices for Atlantic herring (Clupea
   harengus) on the northeast US continental shelf
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Clupeidae; fisheries-independent index; Georges Bank; ichthyoplankton;
   larval mortality; seasonality of spawning
ID DAILY EGG-PRODUCTION; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; GULF-OF-MEXICO;
   GEORGES-BANK; SPAWNING BIOMASS; SARDINOPS-SAGAX; MASS MORTALITY; DATA
   CONFLICTS; FISH; GROWTH
AB Richardson, D. E., Hare, J. A., Overholtz, W. J., and Johnson, D. L. 2010. Development of long-term larval indices for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) on the northeast US continental shelf. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 617-627.
C1 [Richardson, David E.; Hare, Jonathan A.] NEFSC NMFS NOAA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   [Overholtz, William J.] NEFSC NMFS NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Johnson, Donna L.] NEFSC NMFS NOAA, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.
RP Richardson, DE (reprint author), NEFSC NMFS NOAA, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM david.richardson@noaa.gov
FU NMFS Fisheries; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship
FX We thank all the scientists and crew of the research vessels, too many
   to name individually, who contributed to the collection of these samples
   over several decades. Special thanks are also due to the scientists at
   the Zaklad Sortowania i Oznaczania Planktonu (ZSIOP) in Szczecin,
   Poland, for processing the plankton samples and to Mike Fahay and Katey
   Marancik for verifying the ichthyoplankton identifications. Chris
   Legault and Robert Pickanowski provided valuable comments on the
   analyses and the manuscript. The study was supported by a NMFS Fisheries
   and the Environment grant to JAH, WJO, and Ken Able. DER was supported
   by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship.
NR 65
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 9
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 4
BP 617
EP 627
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp276
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 584ED
UT WOS:000276732500002
ER

PT J
AU Shin, YJ
   Shannon, LJ
   Bundy, A
   Coll, M
   Aydin, K
   Bez, N
   Blanchard, JL
   Borges, MD
   Diallo, I
   Diaz, E
   Heymans, JJ
   Hill, L
   Johannesen, E
   Jouffre, D
   Kifani, S
   Labrosse, P
   Link, JS
   Mackinson, S
   Masski, H
   Mollmann, C
   Neira, S
   Ojaveer, H
   Abdallahi, KOM
   Perry, I
   Thiao, D
   Yemane, D
   Cury, PM
AF Shin, Yunne-Jai
   Shannon, Lynne J.
   Bundy, Alida
   Coll, Marta
   Aydin, Kerim
   Bez, Nicolas
   Blanchard, Julia L.
   Borges, Maria de Fatima
   Diallo, Ibrahima
   Diaz, Erich
   Heymans, Johanna J.
   Hill, Louize
   Johannesen, Edda
   Jouffre, Didier
   Kifani, Souad
   Labrosse, Pierre
   Link, Jason S.
   Mackinson, Steven
   Masski, Hicham
   Moellmann, Christian
   Neira, Sergio
   Ojaveer, Henn
   Abdallahi, Khairdine Ould Mohammed
   Perry, Ian
   Thiao, Djiga
   Yemane, Dawit
   Cury, Philippe M.
TI Using indicators for evaluating, comparing, and communicating the
   ecological status of exploited marine ecosystems. 2. Setting the scene
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE comparative approach; ecological indicators; ecosystem effects of
   fishing; exploited marine ecosystems; IndiSeas
ID SEA FISH COMMUNITY; HUMBOLDT CURRENT SYSTEM; EASTERN SCOTIAN SHELF;
   SIZE-BASED INDICATORS; SOUTHERN BENGUELA ECOSYSTEM; SMALL PELAGIC FISH;
   TRAWL-SURVEY DATA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-SEA; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
AB Shin, Y-J., Shannon, L. J., Bundy, A., Coll, M., Aydin, K., Bez, N., Blanchard, J. L., Borges, M. F., Diallo, I., Diaz, E., Heymans, J. J., Hill, L., Johannesen, E., Jouffre, D., Kifani, S., Labrosse, P., Link, J. S., Mackinson, S., Masski, H., Mollmann, C., Neira, S., Ojaveer, H., ould Mohammed Abdallahi, K., Perry, I., Thiao, D., Yemane, D., and Cury, P. M. 2010. Using indicators for evaluating, comparing, and communicating the ecological status of exploited marine ecosystems. 2. Setting the scene. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 692-716.
C1 [Shin, Yunne-Jai; Bez, Nicolas; Cury, Philippe M.] Inst Rech Dev, CRH, Res Unit EME, UMR 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
   [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Coll, Marta] CSIC, ICM, Inst Marine Sci, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
   [Aydin, Kerim] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Blanchard, Julia L.; Mackinson, Steven] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   [Borges, Maria de Fatima; Hill, Louize] Inst Invest Pescas & Mar IPIMAR INRB, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   [Diallo, Ibrahima] CNSHB, Conakry, Guinea.
   [Diaz, Erich] Inst Mar Peru, Callao, Peru.
   [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Bundy, Alida] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
   [Coll, Marta] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
   [Jouffre, Didier] Univ Montpellier 2, CC093, Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit ECOLAG UMR 5119, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.
   [Johannesen, Edda] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
   [Heymans, Johanna J.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland.
   [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Labrosse, Pierre; Abdallahi, Khairdine Ould Mohammed] Oceanog & Fisheries Res Mauritanian Inst IMROP, Nouadhibou, Mauritania.
   [Kifani, Souad; Masski, Hicham] INRH, Casablanca, Morocco.
   [Neira, Sergio] Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile.
   [Neira, Sergio] Ctr Invest Ecosistemas Patagonia, Coyhaique, Chile.
   [Moellmann, Christian] Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, Hamburg, Germany.
   [Perry, Ian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada.
   [Thiao, Djiga] CRODT, Dakar, Senegal.
   [Yemane, Dawit] Dept Environm Affairs & Tourism Marine & Coastal, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Ojaveer, Henn] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Inst, EE-80012 Parnu, Estonia.
RP Shin, YJ (reprint author), Inst Rech Dev, CRH, Res Unit EME, UMR 212, Ave Jean Monnet,BP 171, F-34203 Sete, France.
EM shin@ird.fr
RI hicham, masski/F-4911-2015; Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015; Borges, Maria de
   Fatima/F-3959-2015; Blanchard, Julia/E-4919-2010; Shin,
   Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Shannon, Lynne/A-1612-2015; Mollmann,
   Christian/C-4788-2011; Heymans, Johanna/H-4848-2012; Ojaveer,
   Henn/K-2160-2016
OI hicham, masski/0000-0002-2863-4107; Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715;
   Mollmann, Christian/0000-0001-9161-6342; Borges, Maria de
   Fatima/0000-0002-0908-586X; Blanchard, Julia/0000-0003-0532-4824; Shin,
   Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Shannon, Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636;
   Heymans, Johanna/0000-0002-7290-8988; Ojaveer, Henn/0000-0003-2742-6063
FU European Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS [511106]; European
   collaborative project MEECE-Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing
   Environment [212085]; IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement);
   Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology; European Commission Marie
   Curie Post-doctoral Fellowship through the International Outgoing
   Fellowships [Call FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF]; Estonian Ministry of
   Education and Research [SF0180005s10]; MEECE project; Astrid Jarre's
   South African Research Chair in Marine Ecology and Fisheries
FX The IndiSeas WG was funded by the European Network of Excellence
   EUR-OCEANS (FP6, contract 511106), the European collaborative project
   MEECE-Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment (FP7,
   contract 212085), and the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le
   Developpement). We thank Arnaud Bertrand and Marie-Joelle Rochet for
   providing data and information on the northern Humboldt ecosystem and
   the Bay of Biscay, respectively, and for having participated so actively
   in the efforts of the IndiSeas WG. We also thank Francis Laloe and Luis
   Tito de Morais for their input at the beginning of the project, and
   Pierre Lopez for providing the world map (Figure 1). The clarity of the
   paper was improved following reviews from Keith Sainsbury and Jake Rice.
   MC was supported financially by post-doctoral fellowships from the
   Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, and by a European Commission
   Marie Curie Post-doctoral Fellowship through the International Outgoing
   Fellowships (Call FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF) for the ECOFUN project. The
   contribution of HO was financed by a fundamental research grant from the
   Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant SF0180005s10). LJS
   was supported financially by the MEECE project and Astrid Jarre's South
   African Research Chair in Marine Ecology and Fisheries.
NR 232
TC 75
Z9 77
U1 3
U2 43
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 4
BP 692
EP 716
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp294
PG 25
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 584ED
UT WOS:000276732500010
ER

PT J
AU Shin, YJ
   Bundy, A
   Shannon, LJ
   Simier, M
   Coll, M
   Fulton, EA
   Link, JS
   Jouffre, D
   Ojaveer, H
   Mackinson, S
   Heymans, JJ
   Raid, T
AF Shin, Yunne-Jai
   Bundy, Alida
   Shannon, Lynne J.
   Simier, Monique
   Coll, Marta
   Fulton, Elizabeth A.
   Link, Jason S.
   Jouffre, Didier
   Ojaveer, Henn
   Mackinson, Steven
   Heymans, Johanna J.
   Raid, Tiit
TI Can simple be useful and reliable? Using ecological indicators to
   represent and compare the states of marine ecosystems
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE comparative approach; indicators; marine ecosystems; reference levels;
   thresholds
ID SIZE-BASED INDICATORS; SEA FISH COMMUNITY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT;
   MEDITERRANEAN SEA; TROPHIC CASCADES; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS; PERUVIAN HAKE;
   JUMBO SQUID; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE
AB Shin, Y-J., Bundy, A., Shannon, L. J., Simier, M., Coll, M., Fulton, E. A., Link, J. S., Jouffre, D., Ojaveer, H., Mackinson, S., Heymans, J. J., and Raid, T. 2010. Can simple be useful and reliable? Using ecological indicators to represent and compare the states of marine ecosystems. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 717-731.
C1 [Shin, Yunne-Jai; Simier, Monique] Inst Rech Dev, CRH, Res Unit EME, UMR 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
   [Bundy, Alida] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
   [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Coll, Marta] CSIC, ICM, Inst Marine Sci, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
   [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Jouffre, Didier] Univ Montpellier 2, CC093, Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit ECOLAG UMR 5119, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.
   [Ojaveer, Henn] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Inst, EE-80012 Parnu, Estonia.
   [Mackinson, Steven] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   [Heymans, Johanna J.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland.
   [Coll, Marta] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
   [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Raid, Tiit] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Maritime Affairs FISHREG IPSC G04, TP 051, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
RP Shin, YJ (reprint author), Inst Rech Dev, CRH, Res Unit EME, UMR 212, Ave Jean Monnet,BP 171, F-34203 Sete, France.
EM shin@ird.fr
RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008; Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Coll,
   Marta/A-9488-2012; Shannon, Lynne/A-1612-2015; Heymans,
   Johanna/H-4848-2012; Ojaveer, Henn/K-2160-2016; Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015
OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917; Simier,
   Monique/0000-0002-8436-5925; Shin, Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Coll,
   Marta/0000-0001-6235-5868; Shannon, Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636; Heymans,
   Johanna/0000-0002-7290-8988; Ojaveer, Henn/0000-0003-2742-6063; Bundy,
   Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715
FU European Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS [511106]; European
   collaborative project MEECE, Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing
   Environment [212085]; IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement);
   Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology; International Outgoing
   Fellowships [Call FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF]; ECOFUN project; MEECE
   project; Astrid Jarre's South African Research Chair in Marine Ecology
   and Fisheries
FX The IndiSeas WG was funded by the European Network of Excellence
   EUR-OCEANS (FP6, contract 511106), the European collaborative project
   MEECE, Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment (FP7,
   contract 212085), and the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le
   Developpement). MC was supported financially by postdoctoral fellowships
   from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, and by a European
   Commission Marie Curie Post-doctoral Fellowship through the
   International Outgoing Fellowships (Call FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF) for
   the ECOFUN project. LJS was supported financially by the MEECE project
   and Astrid Jarre's South African Research Chair in Marine Ecology and
   Fisheries. We thank all the scientists who offered their time and
   expertise in completing the questionnaires on reference levels: Julia
   Blanchard, Maria de Fatima Borges, Robert Crawford, Erich Diaz, Daniel
   Duplisea, Jonathan Fisher, Paulo Jorge M. R. da Fonseca, Sture Hansson,
   Louize Hill, Jae-Bong Lee, Marek Lipinski, Silvia Lourenco, Brian
   MacKenzie, Christian Mollmann, Coleen Moloney, Camilo Mora, Sergio
   Neira, Khairdine ould Mohammed Abdallahi, Maria Lourdes Palomares, Joao
   Pereira, Chiara Pirodi, Jari Raitaniemi, Jake Rice, Djiga Thiao, and
   Dawit Yemane. Finally, we thank Arnaud Bertrand for documenting the
   Peruvian case study and two anonymous referees for their constructive
   comments.
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BP 717
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WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
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PT J
AU Blanchard, JL
   Coll, M
   Trenkel, VM
   Vergnon, R
   Yemane, D
   Jouffre, D
   Link, JS
   Shin, YJ
AF Blanchard, Julia L.
   Coll, Marta
   Trenkel, Verena M.
   Vergnon, Remi
   Yemane, Dawit
   Jouffre, Didier
   Link, Jason S.
   Shin, Yunne-Jai
TI Trend analysis of indicators: a comparison of recent changes in the
   status of marine ecosystems around the world
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE community; ecological indicators; ecosystem-based fisheries management;
   ecosystem effects of fishing; natural resource management
ID SEA FISH COMMUNITY; TIME-SERIES; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; MONITORING
   SURVEYS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; IMPACT;
   POPULATIONS
AB Blanchard, J. L., Coll, M., Trenkel, V. M., Vergnon, R., Yemane, D., Jouffre, D., Link, J. S., and Shin, Y-J. 2010. Trend analysis of indicators: a comparison of recent changes in the status of marine ecosystems around the world. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 732-744.
C1 [Coll, Marta] CSIC, ICM, Inst Marine Sci, Barcelona 08002, Spain.
   [Trenkel, Verena M.] IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   [Vergnon, Remi] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
   [Yemane, Dawit] Dept Environm Affairs & Tourism, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Jouffre, Didier] Univ Montpellier 2, IRD, Lab ECOLAG, UMR 5119, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.
   [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Shin, Yunne-Jai] Inst Rech Dev, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
   [Blanchard, Julia L.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   [Coll, Marta] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
RP Blanchard, JL (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Silwood Pk Campus,Buckhurst Rd, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
EM j.blanchard@imperial.ac.uk
RI Blanchard, Julia/E-4919-2010; Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Coll,
   Marta/A-9488-2012; 
OI Blanchard, Julia/0000-0003-0532-4824; Shin,
   Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Coll, Marta/0000-0001-6235-5868; Trenkel,
   Verena/0000-0001-7869-002X
FU European Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS [511106]; European
   collaborative project MEECE [212085]; IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le
   Developpement); EU IMAGE [044227]; UK Defra [M1001]; NERC Centre for
   Population Biology Visiting Researchers Programme; Spanish Ministry of
   Science and Technology; European Community Marie Curie Postdoctoral
   Fellowship through the International Outgoing Fellowships [Call:
   FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF]; Dalhousie University; MEECE [212085]
FX We thank all the participants in the IndiSeas project (www.indiseas.org)
   for their inputs, ideas, and access to data. We also thank Simon
   Jennings, Beth Fulton, Sheila Heymans, Maria de Fatima Borges, Lynne
   Shannon, Alida Bundy, John Cotter, and two anonymous reviewers for
   providing helpful and instructive comments on the manuscript. The
   IndiSeas WG was funded by the European Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS
   (FP6, contract 511106), the European collaborative project MEECE (Marine
   Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment; FP7, contract 212085),
   and the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement). JLB was
   partially funded by EU IMAGE (FP6 contract 044227) and UK Defra contract
   M1001, and was supported by the NERC Centre for Population Biology
   Visiting Researchers Programme. MC was partially supported financially
   by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and
   Technology, by the European Community Marie Curie Postdoctoral
   Fellowship through the International Outgoing Fellowships (IOF; Call:
   FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF), and by Dalhousie University (Halifax, Canada).
   Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was
   provided by the European collaborative project MEECE (Marine Ecosystem
   Evolution in a Changing Environment; FP7, contract 212085).
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JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 4
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EP 744
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp282
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 584ED
UT WOS:000276732500012
ER

PT J
AU Bundy, A
   Shannon, LJ
   Rochet, MJ
   Neira, S
   Shin, YJ
   Hill, L
   Aydin, K
AF Bundy, Alida
   Shannon, Lynne J.
   Rochet, Marie-Joelle
   Neira, Sergio
   Shin, Yunne-Jai
   Hill, Louize
   Aydin, Kerim
TI The good(ish), the bad, and the ugly: a tripartite classification of
   ecosystem trends
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE comparative approach; decision tree; ecosystem classification; ecosystem
   indicator; exploited marine ecosystems
ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; SIZE-BASED INDICATORS; MARINE FOOD WEBS; FISHERIES
   MANAGEMENT; IRISH SEA; DEMERSAL RESOURCES; REFERENCE POINTS; ADRIATIC
   SEA; PELAGIC FISH; SOUTH-AFRICA
AB Bundy, A., Shannon, L. J., Rochet, M-J., Neira, S., Shin, Y-J., Hill, L., and Aydin, K. 2010. The good(ish), the bad, and the ugly: a tripartite classification of ecosystem trends. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 745-768.
C1 [Bundy, Alida] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
   [Rochet, Marie-Joelle] IFREMER, Dept Ecol & Modeles Halieut, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   [Neira, Sergio] Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile.
   [Shin, Yunne-Jai] Inst Rech Dev, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
   [Hill, Louize] IPIMAR, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   [Aydin, Kerim] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Neira, Sergio] Ctr Invest Ecosistemas Patagonia, Coyhaique, Chile.
RP Bundy, A (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
EM alida.bundy@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
RI Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015; Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Shannon,
   Lynne/A-1612-2015
OI Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715; Shin, Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265;
   Shannon, Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636
FU European Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS [511106]; European
   collaborative project MEECE [212085]; IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le
   Developpement); MEECE; Astrid Jarre's South African Research Chair in
   Marine Ecology and Fisheries
FX We thank all participants of the EurOceans IndiSeas Working Group
   (www.indiseas.org) for their inputs, ideas, and access to data:
   Pierre-Franc, ois Baisnee (IRD, France), Nicolas Bez (IRD, France),
   Julia Blanchard (Cefas, UK), Maria de Fatima Borges (IPIMAR, Portugal),
   Pascal Cauquil (IRD, France), John Cotter (formerly Cefas, UK), Philippe
   Cury (IRD, France), Ibrahima Diallo (CNSHB, Guinea), Erich Diaz (IMARPE,
   Peru), Beth Fulton (CSIRO, Australia), Sheila Heymans (SAMS, Scotland),
   Edda Johannesen (IMR, Norway), Didier Jouffre (IRD, Senegal), Souad
   Kifani (INRH, Morocco), Pierre Labrosse (IMROP, Mauritania), Jason Link
   (NOAA, USA), Pierre Lopez (IRD, France), Steve Mackinson (Cefas, UK),
   Hicham Masski (INRH, Morocco), Kathrine Michalsen (IMR, Norway),
   Christian Mollmann (University of Hamburg, Germany), Henn Ojaveer (EMI,
   Estonia), Khairdine ould Mohamed Abdallahi (IMROP, Mauritania), Ian
   Perry (DFO, Canada), Jake Rice (DFO, Canada), Djiga Thiao (CRODT,
   Senegal), and Dawit Yemane (MCM, South Africa). Additionally, we thank
   Arnaud Bertrand (IRD) for interpretation of the indicators for Peru, and
   AB thanks Mike Dowd (Dalhousie University) for statistical support, the
   DFO's Ecosystem Research Initiative for funding support and two internal
   referees, and most importantly, Astrid Jarre and Simon Greenstreet for
   their considered and extremely useful reviews of the draft manuscript.
   The IndiSeas WG was funded by the European Network of Excellence
   EUR-OCEANS (FP6, contract 511106), the European collaborative project
   MEECE (Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment; FP7,
   contract 212085), and IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement).
   LJS was financially supported by the MEECE project and Astrid Jarre's
   South African Research Chair in Marine Ecology and Fisheries.
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JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 4
BP 745
EP 768
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp283
PG 24
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 584ED
UT WOS:000276732500013
ER

PT J
AU Coll, M
   Shannon, LJ
   Yemane, D
   Link, JS
   Ojaveer, H
   Neira, S
   Jouffre, D
   Labrosse, P
   Heymans, JJ
   Fulton, EA
   Shin, YJ
AF Coll, Marta
   Shannon, Lynne J.
   Yemane, Dawit
   Link, Jason S.
   Ojaveer, Henn
   Neira, Sergio
   Jouffre, Didier
   Labrosse, Pierre
   Heymans, Johanna J.
   Fulton, Elizabeth A.
   Shin, Yunne-Jai
TI Ranking the ecological relative status of exploited marine ecosystems
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE comparative approach; ecosystem approach to fisheries; ecosystem
   indicators; fishing impacts; multivariate analysis; ranking techniques
ID HUMBOLDT CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SIZE-BASED INDICATORS; SOUTH CATALAN SEA;
   NORTH-SEA; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FISHING IMPACTS; UPWELLING ECOSYSTEMS;
   COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DEMERSAL RESOURCES; MEDITERRANEAN SEA
AB Coll, M., Shannon, L. J., Yemane, D., Link, J. S., Ojaveer, H., Neira, S., Jouffre, D., Labrosse, P., Heymans, J. J., Fulton, E. A., and Shin, Y-J. 2010. Ranking the ecological relative status of exploited marine ecosystems. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 769-786.
C1 [Coll, Marta] CSIC, ICM, Inst Marine Sci, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
   [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Yemane, Dawit] Dept Environm Affairs & Tourism, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Ojaveer, Henn] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Insitute, EE-80012 Parnu, Estonia.
   [Neira, Sergio] Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile.
   [Jouffre, Didier] Univ Montpellier 2, IRD, Lab ECOLAG, UMR 5119, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.
   [Labrosse, Pierre] Mauritanian Res Inst IMROP, Nouadhibou, Mauritania.
   [Heymans, Johanna J.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland.
   [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   [Shin, Yunne-Jai] Inst Rech Dev, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
   [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Coll, Marta] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
RP Coll, M (reprint author), CSIC, ICM, Inst Marine Sci, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
EM martacoll@dal.ca
RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008; Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Coll,
   Marta/A-9488-2012; Shannon, Lynne/A-1612-2015; Heymans,
   Johanna/H-4848-2012; Ojaveer, Henn/K-2160-2016
OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917; Shin,
   Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Coll, Marta/0000-0001-6235-5868; Shannon,
   Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636; Heymans, Johanna/0000-0002-7290-8988;
   Ojaveer, Henn/0000-0003-2742-6063
FU European Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS [511106]; European
   collaborative project MEECE, Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing
   Environment [212085]; IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement);
   EUR-OCEANS IndiSeas project; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology;
   European Commission Marie Curie Post-doctoral Fellowship [Call
   FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF]; ECOFUN; Dalhousie University; MEECE; Astrid
   Jarre's South African Research Chair in Marine Ecology and Fisheries
FX We thank the EUR-OCEANS IndiSeas Working Group funded by the European
   Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS (FP6, contract 511106), the European
   collaborative project MEECE, Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing
   Environment (FP7, contract 212085), and the IRD (Institut de Recherche
   pour le Developpement). All other participants in the EUR-OCEANS
   IndiSeas project (www.indiseas.org) are acknowledged, especially
   Philippe Cury (IRD, France), Alida Bundy (DFO, Canada), Steve Mackinson
   (Cefas, UK), and Maria-Fatima Borges (IPIMAR, Portugal). MC was
   supported financially by postdoctoral fellowships from the Spanish
   Ministry of Science and Technology, by a European Commission Marie Curie
   Post-doctoral Fellowship through the International Outgoing Fellowships
   (Call FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF) for the ECOFUN project, and by Dalhousie
   University (Halifax, NS, Canada). LJS was supported financially by the
   MEECE project and Astrid Jarre's South African Research Chair in Marine
   Ecology and Fisheries.
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JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
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DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp261
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PT J
AU Link, JS
   Yemane, D
   Shannon, LJ
   Coll, M
   Shin, YJ
   Hill, L
   Borges, MD
AF Link, Jason S.
   Yemane, Dawit
   Shannon, Lynne J.
   Coll, Marta
   Shin, Yunne-Jai
   Hill, Louize
   Borges, Maria de Fatima
TI Relating marine ecosystem indicators to fishing and environmental
   drivers: an elucidation of contrasting responses
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; ecosystem approaches to fisheries; ecosystem dynamics;
   fisheries; indicators; multivariate analyses
ID FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; SEA
AB Link, J. S., Yemane, D., Shannon, L. J., Coll, M., Shin, Y-J., Hill, L., and Borges, M. F. 2010. Relating marine ecosystem indicators to fishing and environmental drivers: an elucidation of contrasting responses. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 787-795.
C1 [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Yemane, Dawit] Dept Environm Affairs & Tourism, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa.
   [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res MA RE Inst, ZA-7702 Rondebosch, South Africa.
   [Coll, Marta] CSIC, ICM, Inst Marine Sci, Barcelona 08002, Spain.
   [Shin, Yunne-Jai] Inst Rech Dev, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
   [Hill, Louize; Borges, Maria de Fatima] Inst Invest Pescas & Mar IPIMAR INRB, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   [Coll, Marta] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM jlink@mercury.wh.whoi.edu
RI Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Coll, Marta/A-9488-2012; Shannon,
   Lynne/A-1612-2015; Borges, Maria de Fatima/F-3959-2015
OI Shin, Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Coll, Marta/0000-0001-6235-5868;
   Shannon, Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636; Borges, Maria de
   Fatima/0000-0002-0908-586X
FU European Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS [511106]; IRD (l'Institut de
   Recherche pour le Developpement, France); European collaborative project
   MEECE-Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment [212085];
   Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology; International Outgoing
   Fellowships [FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF]; Dalhousie University; MEECE;
   Astrid Jarre's South African Research Chair in Marine Ecology and
   Fisheries
FX We thank the Euroceans IndiSeas Working Group, funded by the European
   Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS (FP6, contract 511106), IRD (l'Institut
   de Recherche pour le Developpement, France), and the European
   collaborative project MEECE-Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing
   Environment (FP7, contract 212085), plus in-kind contributions from the
   institutes of the various authors for funding this project. We also
   acknowledge all participants at the IndiSeas workshops for their inputs,
   ideas, and access to data. During part of the work, MC was partially
   supported financially by PFI and post-doctoral fellowships from the
   Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, by the European Community
   Marie-Curie Post-doctoral Fellowship through the International Outgoing
   Fellowships (IOF; Call: FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF) and by Dalhousie
   University (Halifax, Canada). LJS was supported financially by the MEECE
   project and Astrid Jarre's South African Research Chair in Marine
   Ecology and Fisheries.
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PT J
AU Dennis, T
   Williams, PA
AF Dennis, Tasshi
   Williams, Paul A.
TI Chirp Characterization of External Modulators With Finite Extinction
   Ratio Using Linear Optical Sampling
SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Chirp; coherent detection; linear optical sampling (LOS); optical
   network monitoring
ID PARAMETER; TRANSMITTERS
AB We demonstrate a network monitoring technique for the frequency chirping of external modulators based on linear optical sampling. We present alpha-parameter waveforms of digital data modulation from simultaneously measured amplitude and phase. Digital data modulation was compared to sinusoidal modulation to demonstrate the measurement capabilities. The high sensitivity of our technique was used to resolve the detailed impact of a 23-dB extinction ratio on the chirp of a Mach-Zehnder modulator. Unlike some previous methods, a monochromator or optical fiber with known dispersion are not required.
C1 [Dennis, Tasshi; Williams, Paul A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Dennis, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tasshi@boulder.nist.gov; pwilliam@boulder.nist.gov
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1041-1135
J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L
JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 9
BP 646
EP 648
DI 10.1109/LPT.2010.2043356
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA 581KA
UT WOS:000276520100005
ER

PT J
AU Chen, PJ
   Jin, Y
   Bennett, LH
   Della Torre, E
AF Chen, P. J.
   Jin, Yi
   Bennett, Larry H.
   Della Torre, Edward
TI Calculation of the Error in the Zero-Crossing Method of Computing the
   Magnetic Thermal Fluctuation
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Magnetics Conference 2009 (INTERMAG)
CY MAY 04-08, 2009
CL Sacramento, CA
SP IEEE
DE Fluctuation field; magnetic modeling; magnetic thermal aftereffect;
   Preisach-Arrhenius model
ID FIELD; RELAXATION
AB The concept of the fluctuation field has been widely used to characterize thermal properties of magnetic materials; in particular, the characterization of aftereffect. The Preisach-Arrhenius method has been used successfully to determine the fluctuation field based on aftereffect curves from different holding fields. An approximate method used to determine the fluctuation field. the zero-crossing method, has led to erroneous and misleading results. In this paper, the accuracy of the zero-crossing method is tested, when applied to sets of preconditioned artificial data with a predetermined fluctuation field. The Preisach-Arrhenius method accurately calculates the correct fluctuation field for all various assumed parameters, while the zero-crossing method produces significant errors especially when the holding field approaches near the coercivity and fails when beyond the coercivity. The error of the zero-crossing method is a result of not properly accounting for the anhysteretic curve variation with holding field.
C1 [Chen, P. J.; Jin, Yi; Bennett, Larry H.; Della Torre, Edward] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
   [Chen, P. J.; Bennett, Larry H.; Della Torre, Edward] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jin, Y (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 5
BP 1155
EP 1158
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2037829
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 621MI
UT WOS:000279582500005
ER

PT J
AU Rodriguez-Morales, F
   Yngvesson, KS
   Gu, DZ
AF Rodriguez-Morales, Fernando
   Yngvesson, K. Sigfrid
   Gu, Dazhen
TI Wideband IF-Integrated Terahertz HEB Mixers: Modeling and
   Characterization
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
DE Submillimeter-wave detectors; submillimeter-wave mixers;
   submillimeter-wave receivers
ID HOT-ELECTRON BOLOMETERS; CONVERSION GAIN; SIS MIXER; NOISE; AMPLIFIER;
   RECEIVER; IMPEDANCE
AB This paper presents a detailed study of the IF properties of phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) terahertz mixers and receivers, performed over the widest intermediate frequency range reported so far. First, a broadband technique is used to obtain the IF small-signal output impedance of HEB mixers using network analyzer measurements. The impedance is measured over an IF range of 300 kHz to 8.5 GHz under the presence of dc bias and local oscillator (LO) illumination. The LO frequencies (f(LO)) used in this investigation range from 694 GHz to nearly 2 THz, covering frequencies below and above the superconducting bandgap frequency of the NbN film for the first time. The impedance ( real and imaginary parts) can be fitted to the Standard model for HEB devices over almost the entire range of frequencies measured. The impedance data are then used in conjunction with a computer-aided design model for the monolithic micorwave integrated circuit IF amplifier to design and analyze the performance of integrated receivers (mixer/IF amplifier combinations). The measured and predicted variations of the receiver noise, mixer gain, and mixer output noise with IF are in good agreement. A record IF noise bandwidth of 8 GHz (obtained for f(LO) = 694 GHz) is demonstrated for a receiver designed using the technique described in this paper.
C1 [Rodriguez-Morales, Fernando; Yngvesson, K. Sigfrid] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Gu, Dazhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Rodriguez-Morales, F (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
EM frodriguez@cresis.ku.edu
RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012
NR 37
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9480
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 5
BP 1140
EP 1150
DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2045566
PN 1
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 596CB
UT WOS:000277660200008
ER

PT J
AU Phillips, PJ
   Scruggs, WT
   O'Toole, AJ
   Flynn, PJ
   Bowyer, KW
   Schott, CL
   Sharpe, M
AF Phillips, P. Jonathon
   Scruggs, W. Todd
   O'Toole, Alice J.
   Flynn, Patrick J.
   Bowyer, Kevin W.
   Schott, Cathy L.
   Sharpe, Matthew
TI FRVT 2006 and ICE 2006 Large-Scale Experimental Results
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Biometrics; face recognition; iris recognition; evaluations; human
   performance
ID FACE-RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS; PERFORMANCE
AB This paper describes the large-scale experimental results from the Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) 2006 and the Iris Challenge Evaluation (ICE) 2006. The FRVT 2006 looked at recognition from high-resolution still frontal face images and 3D face images, and measured performance for still frontal face images taken under controlled and uncontrolled illumination. The ICE 2006 evaluation reported verification performance for both left and right irises. The images in the ICE 2006 intentionally represent a broader range of quality than the ICE 2006 sensor would normally acquire. This includes images that did not pass the quality control software embedded in the sensor. The FRVT 2006 results from controlled still and 3D images document at least an order-of-magnitude improvement in recognition performance over the FRVT 2002. The FRVT 2006 and the ICE 2006 compared recognition performance from high-resolution still frontal face images, 3D face images, and the single-iris images. On the FRVT 2006 and the ICE 2006 data sets, recognition performance was comparable for high-resolution frontal face, 3D face, and the iris images. In an experiment comparing human and algorithms on matching face identity across changes in illumination on frontal face images, the best performing algorithms were more accurate than humans on unfamiliar faces.
C1 [Phillips, P. Jonathon; Schott, Cathy L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Scruggs, W. Todd] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA.
   [O'Toole, Alice J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, GR4 1, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.
   [Flynn, Patrick J.; Bowyer, Kevin W.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
   [Schott, Cathy L.] Schafer Corp, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
   [Sharpe, Matthew] Ames HCI Grp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
   [Flynn, Patrick J.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   [Flynn, Patrick J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Bowyer, Kevin W.] ETH, Inst Informat, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Bowyer, Kevin W.] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jonathon@nist.gov; wendall.t.scruggs@saic.com; otoole@utdallas.edu;
   flynn@nd.edu; cschott@schafertmd.com; matthew.d.sharpe@nasa.gov
RI Flynn, Patrick/J-3388-2013; 
OI Flynn, Patrick/0000-0002-5446-114X; Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390
FU US Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Department
   and Transportation Security Administration (TSA); National
   Intelligence's Information Technology Innovation Center; Federal Bureau
   of Investigation (FBI); National Institute of Justice; Technical Support
   Working Group (TSWG)
FX The authors acknowledge the support of the US Department of Homeland
   Security's Science and Technology Department and Transportation Security
   Administration (TSA), the director of the National Intelligence's
   Information Technology Innovation Center, the Federal Bureau of
   Investigation (FBI), the National Institute of Justice, and the
   Technical Support Working Group (TSWG). The identification of any
   commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or
   recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
   SAIC, Schafer Corp., University of Texas at Dallas, or University of
   Notre Dame.
NR 29
TC 129
Z9 138
U1 1
U2 18
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 0162-8828
J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL
JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 32
IS 5
BP 831
EP 846
DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2009.59
PG 16
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical &
   Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 569AW
UT WOS:000275569300005
PM 20299708
ER

PT J
AU Beveridge, JR
   Givens, GH
   Phillips, PJ
   Draper, BA
   Bolme, DS
   Lui, YM
AF Beveridge, J. Ross
   Givens, Geof H.
   Phillips, P. Jonathon
   Draper, Bruce A.
   Bolme, David S.
   Lui, Yui Man
TI FRVT 2006: Quo Vadis face quality
SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Face recognition; Generalized linear mixed models; Image covariates;
   Biometric quality
ID RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS; VERIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; FEATURES; HUMANS
AB A study is presented showing how three state-of-the-art algorithms from the Face Recognition Vendor Test 2006 (FRVT 2006) are effected by factors related to face images and people. The recognition scenario compares highly controlled images to images taken of people as they stand before a camera in settings such as hallways and outdoors in front of buildings. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) is used to estimate the probability an algorithm successfully verifies a person conditioned upon the factors included in the study. The factors associated with people are: Gender, Race, Age and whether they wear Glasses. The factors associated with images are: the size of the face, edge density and region density. The setting, indoors versus outdoors, is also a factor. Edge density can change the estimated probability of verification dramatically, for example from about 0.15 to 0.85. However, this effect is not consistent across algorithm or setting. This finding shows that simple measurable factors are capable of characterizing face quality; however, these factors typically interact with both algorithm and setting. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Beveridge, J. Ross; Draper, Bruce A.; Bolme, David S.; Lui, Yui Man] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Givens, Geof H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Beveridge, JR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM ross@CS.ColoState.EDU
FU Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) [T-1840C]; Department of Homeland
   Security; Director of National Intelligence; Federal Bureau of
   Investigation; National Institute of Justice
FX The work was funded in part by the Technical Support Working Group
   (TSWG) under Task T-1840C. P.J.P. was supported by the Department of
   Homeland Security, Director of National Intelligence, Federal Bureau of
   Investigation and National Institute of Justice. The identification of
   any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or
   recommendation by Colorado State University or the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology.
NR 25
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0262-8856
EI 1872-8138
J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT
JI Image Vis. Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 28
IS 5
SI SI
BP 732
EP 743
DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2009.09.005
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical
   & Electronic; Optics
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics
GA 572RG
UT WOS:000275849900002
ER

PT J
AU Wallace, WE
   Lewandowski, H
   Meier, RJ
AF Wallace, William E.
   Lewandowski, Hans
   Meier, Robert J.
TI Reactive MALDI mass spectrometry of saturated hydrocarbons: A
   theoretical study
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alkane; Cobaltocene; Dehydrogenation; Density functional theory;
   Non-covalent; Polymer
ID COVALENT CATIONIZATION METHOD; LASER-DESORPTION IONIZATION; ION-MOLECULE
   REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES; POLYETHYLENE;
   CYCLOPENTADIENYL; POLYOLEFINS; ALKANES; DESORPTION/IONISATION
AB Recently it has been shown that the cobaltocenium cation, prepared by the laser ablation of a CoCp(CO)(2)/fullerene matrix, may react with alkanes and polyethylenes in the gas phase via a dehydrogenation reaction to produce [Co(Cp)(2)(alkadiene)](+) ions without chain scission (W.E. Wallace, Chem. Commun. 2007, 4525-4527). To better understand these experimental observations, density functional calculations were used to obtain the gas phase binding energies and molecular structures of cobaltocenium, Co(Cp)(2)(+), with 1,3-butadiene, 2,4-hexadiene, and 2,3-hexadiene. Calculations were conducted for both cis and trans molecular configurations, in both singlet and triplet electronic states, and with a variety of cyclopentadienyl hapticities. For 1,3-butadiene the 18-electron rule would predict a [Co(eta(5)-Cp)(2)(1,3-butadiene)](+), however, the lowest energy structure, [Co(eta(5)-Cp)(2)(1,3-butadiene)](+), has a higher than expected cyclopentadienyl hapticity. In this structure a distance of nearly 0.5 nm between the metal core and the butadiene ligand leads to very little electron sharing. Thus the detected ions are better described as non-covalent ion-molecule complexes. In turn, the lack of orbital overlap leads to a low enthalpy giving the cis-butadiene complex a -13.0 kJ/mol binding energy and the trans-butadiene binding a -3.8 kJ/mol binding energy. These low binding energies lead to low levels of charged alkanes in the reactive ion formation process in agreement with experimental observations. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Wallace, William E.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Lewandowski, Hans; Meier, Robert J.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Agrosphere ICG IV, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
RP Wallace, WE (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM william.wallace@nist.gov; h.lewandowski@fz-juelich.de;
   meier014@planet.nl
NR 29
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-3806
J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM
JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 292
IS 1-3
BP 32
EP 37
DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.02.012
PG 6
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 598RE
UT WOS:000277854900005
ER

PT J
AU Friend, DG
   Huber, ML
   Zhang, ZM
AF Friend, Daniel G.
   Huber, M. L.
   Zhang, Z. M.
TI Selected Papers of the Seventeenth Symposium on the Thermophysical
   Properties Preface
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Friend, Daniel G.; Huber, M. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Zhang, Z. M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Friend, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
EM dfriend@boulder.nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 4-5
SI SI
BP 663
EP 664
DI 10.1007/s10765-010-0779-8
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 628OJ
UT WOS:000280129500001
ER

PT J
AU Mehl, JB
   Huber, ML
   Harvey, AH
AF Mehl, James B.
   Huber, Marcia L.
   Harvey, Allan H.
TI Ab Initio Transport Coefficients of Gaseous Hydrogen
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 17th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties
CY JUN 21-26, 2009
CL Univ  Colorado, Boulder, CO
HO Univ  Colorado
DE Ab initio properties; Hydrogen; Thermal conductivity; Viscosity
ID THEORY COLLISION INTEGRALS; FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA
   RECOMMENDED VALUES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
   DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; CROSS-SECTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; VISCOSITY;
   TEMPERATURE
AB The spherical version of the hydrogen intermolecular potential phi(P) recently determined in ab initio calculations by Patkowski et al. was used to calculate the viscosity and thermal conductivity of hydrogen using a full quantum-mechanical formalism. Viscosities in the temperature range 203 K to 394 K were compared with recent high-accuracy (uncertainty of 0.084 %) measurements of May et al. The measured viscosities all fall in a range between 0.02 % and 0.06 % below the calculated viscosities. This close agreement supports the accuracy of fP. Classical calculations of the viscosity with fP fall in a range between 0.4 % and 1.3 % below the experimental values. In the lower temperature range 20 K to 300 K, other measurements typically lie above the theoretical values by a few percent. Above 400 K, measurements fall below the theoretical values by a fraction that increases with temperature, reaching -4 % at 2000 K. For normal hydrogen, the average fractional difference between the calculated thermal conductivity in the temperature range 21 K to 384 K and measurements reported in six publications is (0.1 +/- 1.1) %. For para-hydrogen in the temperature range 20 K to 275 K, the average fractional difference between calculations and measurements reported in three publications is (-0.7 +/- 1.2) %. At higher temperatures (600 K to 2000 K), measurements range between 4 % and 10 % below the calculated values.
C1 [Huber, Marcia L.; Harvey, Allan H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Mehl, JB (reprint author), POB 307, Orcas, WA 98280 USA.
EM jmehl@rockisland.com
NR 52
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 4-5
SI SI
BP 740
EP 755
DI 10.1007/s10765-009-0697-9
PG 16
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 628OJ
UT WOS:000280129500008
ER

PT J
AU Mountain, RD
AF Mountain, Raymond D.
TI Ergodic Convergence Times for Molecular Liquids
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 17th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties
CY JUN 21-26, 2009
CL Univ  Colorado, Boulder, CO
HO Univ  Colorado
DE Acetonitrile; Carbon dioxide; Energy metric; Liquid state; Methanol;
   Water
ID DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; MIXTURES; MODELS; WATER
AB A problem common to all molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations used to estimate fluid properties is how to decide when adequate sampling of the phase space of the system has been realized. One procedure for addressing the sampling question is to construct the energy metric for the system. The energy metric provides an indication of when the time-averaged energies of the individual molecules converge to a common value (self-averaging). The time required for the value of the energy metric to decrease to 1% of its initial value is a useful indication that adequate sampling has been realized. The energy metric based ergodic convergence times for the molecular liquids water, acetonitrile, methanol, and carbon dioxide plus mixtures of water and methanol and of water and acetonitrile are reported. The convergence time tau for water is about 100 ps at ambient conditions; for carbon dioxide it is about 300 ps while for methanol it is about 800 ps. The convergence times for water/acetonitrile mixtures are much longer due to the microheterogeneous structure of the mixtures. The ergodic convergence time is an increasing function of the mole fraction of methanol in the mixtures. The convergence times for water along the liquid side of the liquid-vapor coexistence curve are found to decrease strongly as the temperature increases.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mountain, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Raymond.mountain@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 4-5
SI SI
BP 766
EP 773
DI 10.1007/s10765-009-0698-8
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 628OJ
UT WOS:000280129500010
ER

PT J
AU Meng, ZK
   Yang, P
   Kattawar, GW
   Bi, L
   Liou, KN
   Laszlo, I
AF Meng, Zhaokai
   Yang, Ping
   Kattawar, George W.
   Bi, Lei
   Liou, K. N.
   Laszlo, Istvan
TI Single-scattering properties of tri-axial ellipsoidal mineral dust
   aerosols: A database for application to radiative transfer calculations
SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Dust aerosol; Optical properties; Database
ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; DIELECTRIC
   PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ICE CRYSTALS; CLIMATE; SPHEROIDS;
   APPROXIMATION; ABSORPTION
AB This paper presents a user-friendly database software package of the single-scattering properties of individual dust-like aerosol particles for application to radiative transfer calculations in a spectral region from ultraviolet (UV) to far-infrared (far-IR). To expand the degree of morphological freedom of the commonly used spheroidal and spherical models, tri-axial ellipsoids were assumed to be the overall shape of dust-like aerosol particles. A combination of four computational methods, including the Lorenz-Mie theory, the T-matrix method, the discrete dipole approximation, and an improved geometric optics method, was employed to compute the phase matrix, extinction efficiency and single-scattering albedo of ellipsoids with various aspect ratios and sizes. The scattering property database was developed for 42 particle shapes specified in terms of two aspect ratios, 69 refractive indices and 471 size parameters. Additionally, accompanying software, based on interpolation, was developed to provide the single-scattering properties for user-specified aspect ratios, refractive indices and size parameters. The software package allows for the derivation of the bulk optical properties for a given distribution of particle microphysical parameters (i.e.. refractive index, size parameter and two aspect ratios). The array-oriented single-scattering property data sets are stored in the NetCDF format. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Meng, Zhaokai; Kattawar, George W.; Bi, Lei] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Liou, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Liou, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM pyang@tamu.edu
RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Bi, Lei/B-9242-2011;
   Meng, Zhaokai/E-2675-2015
OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Meng, Zhaokai/0000-0002-1981-9222
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0803779]
FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation under
   grant ATM-0803779 managed by Dr. Bradley Smull. The authors thank
   Michael I. Mischenko for the use of his T-matrix code, M. A. Yurkin and
   A. G. Hoekstra for the use of their ADDA code, and C. F. Bohren and R.
   Huffman for the use of their Mie code. The database reported in this
   paper is available upon request.
NR 67
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-8502
EI 1879-1964
J9 J AEROSOL SCI
JI J. Aerosol. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 41
IS 5
BP 501
EP 512
DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.02.008
PG 12
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
   Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA 598EY
UT WOS:000277817600008
ER

PT J
AU Egelhoff, WF
   Hoink, VE
   Lau, JW
   Shen, WF
   Schrag, BD
   Xiao, G
AF Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.
   Hoink, V. E.
   Lau, J. W.
   Shen, W. F.
   Schrag, B. D.
   Xiao, G.
TI Magnetic tunnel junctions with large tunneling magnetoresistance and
   small saturation fields
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference
CY JAN 18-22, 2010
CL Washington, DC
ID SENSORS
AB There is a continuing need for greater sensitivity in magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors. We have found a new approach to achieving large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) with a very soft free layer. The high TMR is achieved by conventional means of annealing a bottom pinned MTJ that has Ta and Ru capping layers. The soft free layer is achieved by etching almost to the MgO tunnel barrier and depositing a thick soft magnetic film. The results are far superior to annealing the MTJ with the thick soft layer already deposited. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3358609]
C1 [Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.; Hoink, V. E.; Lau, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Shen, W. F.; Schrag, B. D.; Xiao, G.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
   [Shen, W. F.; Schrag, B. D.; Xiao, G.] Micro Magnet Inc, Fall River, MA 02720 USA.
RP Egelhoff, WF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM egelhoff@nist.gov
RI Lau, June/C-7509-2013; Xiao, Gang/G-5691-2011
NR 3
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 9
AR 09C705
DI 10.1063/1.3358609
PG 2
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 598KC
UT WOS:000277834300250
ER

PT J
AU Krycka, KL
   Borchers, JA
   Booth, RA
   Hogg, CR
   Ijiri, Y
   Chen, WC
   Watson, SM
   Laver, M
   Gentile, TR
   Harris, S
   Dedon, LR
   Rhyne, JJ
   Majetich, SA
AF Krycka, K. L.
   Borchers, J. A.
   Booth, R. A.
   Hogg, C. R.
   Ijiri, Y.
   Chen, W. C.
   Watson, S. M.
   Laver, M.
   Gentile, T. R.
   Harris, S.
   Dedon, L. R.
   Rhyne, J. J.
   Majetich, S. A.
TI Internal magnetic structure of magnetite nanoparticles at low
   temperature
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference
CY JAN 18-22, 2010
CL Washington, DC
ID POLARIZATION ANALYSIS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HE-3; SANS
AB Small-angle neutron scattering with polarization analysis reveals that Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles with 90 angstrom diameters have ferrimagnetic moments significantly reduced from that of bulk Fe(3)O(4) at 10 K, nominal saturation. Combined with previous results for an equivalent applied field at 200 K, a core-disordered shell picture of a spatially reduced ferrimagnetic core emerges, even well below the bulk blocking temperature. Zero-field cooling suggests that this magnetic morphology may be intrinsic to the nanoparticle, rather than field induced, at 10 K. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3358049]
C1 [Krycka, K. L.; Borchers, J. A.; Chen, W. C.; Watson, S. M.; Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Booth, R. A.; Hogg, C. R.; Majetich, S. A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   [Ijiri, Y.; Harris, S.; Dedon, L. R.] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA.
   [Chen, W. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Laver, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
   [Rhyne, J. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Krycka, KL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov
RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015
OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 9
AR 09B525
DI 10.1063/1.3358049
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 598KC
UT WOS:000277834300228
ER

PT J
AU McMorran, BJ
   Cochran, AC
   Dumas, RK
   Liu, K
   Morrow, P
   Pierce, DT
   Unguris, J
AF McMorran, B. J.
   Cochran, A. C.
   Dumas, R. K.
   Liu, Kai
   Morrow, P.
   Pierce, D. T.
   Unguris, J.
TI Measuring the effects of low energy ion milling on the magnetization of
   Co/Pd multilayers using scanning electron microscopy with polarization
   analysis
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference
CY JAN 18-22, 2010
CL Washington, DC
ID PATTERNED MEDIA; IRRADIATION; ANISOTROPY; IMPLANTATION; REVERSAL; ARRAYS
AB The dependence of the magnetization profile of Co/Pd multilayer films with very thin individual layers, Co (0.4 nm)/Pd (0.6 nm), on the energy of ion milling is investigated using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA). The effect of Ar ion milling on the Co/Pd magnetization angle distribution is compared for ion milling at 50 eV, 1 keV, and 2 keV. We find that 1 and 2 keV Ar ion milling causes a measurable change in the out-of-plane magnetization angle distribution as material is removed, but ion milling with 50 eV Ar ions does not significantly alter the magnetization. This enables quantitative imaging of all three vector components of the surface magnetization of the Co/Pd multilayer films with 20 nm lateral spatial resolution using SEMPA. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3358218]
C1 [McMorran, B. J.; Cochran, A. C.; Pierce, D. T.; Unguris, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Dumas, R. K.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Morrow, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McMorran, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mcmorran@nist.gov
RI Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Unguris,
   John/J-3989-2014; McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016
OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782;
   McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076
NR 23
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 9
AR 09D305
DI 10.1063/1.3358218
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 598KC
UT WOS:000277834300270
ER

PT J
AU O'Neil, GC
   Schmidt, DR
   Tomlin, NA
   Ullom, JN
AF O'Neil, G. C.
   Schmidt, D. R.
   Tomlin, N. A.
   Ullom, J. N.
TI Quasiparticle density of states measurements in clean superconducting
   AlMn alloys
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPURITIES
AB Aluminum doped with Manganese (AlMn) forms a superconducting alloy with the transition temperature suppressed by the added manganese. We present quasiparticle density of states (DOS) measurements on superconducting AlMn alloys made by current-voltage measurements on normal-metal/insulator/superconductor tunnel junctions. The DOS remains Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-like with a reduced gap, matching the predictions of Kaiser. However, we measure additional subgap states not predicted by Kaiser, and demonstrate that these subgap states will harm some potential applications. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3369280]
C1 [O'Neil, G. C.; Schmidt, D. R.; Tomlin, N. A.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP O'Neil, GC (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM oneilg@boulder.nist.gov
NR 19
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 9
AR 093903
DI 10.1063/1.3369280
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 598KC
UT WOS:000277834300487
ER

PT J
AU Yue, M
   Li, ZQ
   Xu, H
   Huang, QZ
   Liu, XB
   Liu, DM
   Zhang, JX
AF Yue, M.
   Li, Z. Q.
   Xu, H.
   Huang, Q. Z.
   Liu, X. B.
   Liu, D. M.
   Zhang, J. X.
TI Effect of annealing on the structure and magnetic properties of
   Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.8Ge0.2 compound
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference
CY JAN 18-22, 2010
CL Washington, DC
AB Effect of homogenization of the chemical composition and crystal structure on the magnetocaloric effects have been studied for bulk Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.8Ge0.2 alloy prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequent spark plasma sintering method. After optimal homogenization treatment, the ferromagnetic impurity, Ge6Fe3Mn4 phase was completely eliminated from the alloy; furthermore, the crystal lattice constant of the MnFePGe main phase, which possesses a hexagonal Fe2P-type structure, varies obviously compared with that of the sintered sample. As a result, the Curie temperature, T-C, of the alloy increases from 253 to 267.5 K and the maximum magnetic entropy change, vertical bar Delta S-m vertical bar, also increases from 36.36 to 44.35 J/kg K under 3 T magnetic field. Furthermore, the thermal hysteresis of M-T curves around T-C upon heating and cooling, a signature of a first-order magnetic phase transition, reduces from 15 K for as-sintered sample to 9 K for annealed sample. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3358620]
C1 [Yue, M.; Li, Z. Q.; Xu, H.; Liu, D. M.; Zhang, J. X.] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Q. Z.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Liu, X. B.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada.
   [Liu, X. B.] McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada.
RP Yue, M (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
EM yueming@bjut.edu.cn
RI Liu, Xubo/A-1883-2008
OI Liu, Xubo/0000-0002-2558-0959
NR 9
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 25
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 9
AR 09A939
DI 10.1063/1.3358620
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 598KC
UT WOS:000277834300144
ER

PT J
AU Foecke, T
   Ma, L
   Russell, MA
   Conlin, DL
   Murphy, LE
AF Foecke, Tim
   Ma, Li
   Russell, Matthew A.
   Conlin, David L.
   Murphy, Larry E.
TI Investigating archaeological site formation processes on the battleship
   USS Arizona using finite element analysis
SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Finite element analysis; Maritime archaeology; Corrosion analysis; Site
   formation processes; USS Arizona; Pearl Harbor
ID METALLURGICAL ANALYSIS; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; WROUGHT IRON; CORROSION;
   WRECK; BIOMECHANICS; SHIPWRECK
AB Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) worked in a collaborative partnership with archaeologists from the National Park Service's (NPS) Submerged Resources Center (SRC) to develop a finite element model (FEM) of the battleship USS Arizona. An FEM is a computer-based engineering model that calculates theoretical stresses, propagation of force, and shape changes to a structure under loads using thousands or even millions of individual elements whose individual responses are well understood NIST researchers created an FEM of an 80 ft. (25 m) midships section of the Arizona site to analyze archaeological site formation processes on the sunken battleship, in particular to determine the current condition of the wreck and predict its future strength and structural integrity as It continues to corrode The NIST's FEM study is one aspect of a larger project under the direction of the NPS, the USS Arizona Preservation Project, whose goal is to determine the nature and rate of corrosion affecting USS Arizona, and to model its long-term structural deterioration The FEM incorporates findings from other key components of the USS Arizona Preservation Project, such as steel hull corrosion rates, structural surveys of the vessel, sediment compaction studies, and analysis of the concretion that covers the ship's hull, into a single tool that is being used to predict how the wreck will degrade in the future Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Russell, Matthew A.; Conlin, David L.; Murphy, Larry E.] Natl Pk Serv, Submerged Resources Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Foecke, Tim; Ma, Li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Russell, MA (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Submerged Resources Ctr, 12795 W Alameda Pkwy, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Defense, Legacy Resources Management Program; Arizona
   Memorial Museum Association; USS Arizona Memorial; NPS Submerged
   Resources Center
FX This research partnership is an example of public and private
   institutions working together effectively for public benefit, and it
   serves as a model for combining resources to cost-efficiently address
   Issues important to both the American people and the international
   community. The project was funded with the support of the U.S.
   Department of Defense, Legacy Resources Management Program; Arizona
   Memorial Museum Association; USS Arizona Memorial; and NPS Submerged
   Resources Center. It would not have been possible to conduct the
   research without support and active contributions by many military
   units, academic institutions and researchers, commercial companies,
   non-profit organizations, and other federal agencies which are
   unfortunately too numerous to list here. We would like to thank the
   three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Any errors in
   fact or reasoning, however, remain the sole responsibility of the
   authors
NR 43
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0305-4403
J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI
JI J. Archaeol. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 5
BP 1090
EP 1101
DI 10.1016/j.jas.2009.12.009
PG 12
WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology
GA 584XE
UT WOS:000276786700019
ER

PT J
AU Chirico, RD
   Kazakov, AF
   Steele, WV
AF Chirico, Robert D.
   Kazakov, Andrei F.
   Steele, William V.
TI Thermodynamic properties of three-ring aza-aromatics. 1. Experimental
   results for phenazine and acridine, and mutual validation of experiments
   and computational methods
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Acridine; Computational chemistry; Density; Enthalpy of formation; Heat
   capacity; Ideal-gas properties; Phenazine; Vapor pressure
ID THERMOCHEMICAL BOND ENERGIES; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; TEMPERATURES 250
   K; VAPOR-PRESSURES; ENTHALPIES; COMBUSTION; RECONCILIATION; EQUATION;
   NITROGEN; FLUIDS
AB Measurements leading to the calculation of thermodynamic properties for phenazine (Chemical Abstracts registry number [92-82-0]) in the ideal-gas state are reported. Experimental methods included adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, inclined-piston manometry, and combustion calorimetry. Thermodynamic properties for acridine (Chemical Abstracts registry number [260-94-6]) were reported previously and included those measured with adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, comparative ebulliometry, inclined-piston manometry, and combustion calorimetry. New measurement results for acridine reported here are densities determined with a vibrating-tube densimeter and heat capacities for the liquid phase at saturation pressure determined with a differential-scanning calorimeter (d.s.c.). All critical properties were estimated. Molar entropies for the ideal-gas state were derived for both compounds at selected temperatures. Independent calculations of entropies for the ideal-gas state were performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) model chemistry for phenazine and acridine. These are shown to be in excellent accord with the calorimetric results. All results are compared with experimental property values reported in the literature. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Steele, William V.] Univ Tennessee, Phys Properties Res Facil, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov; akazakov@boulder.nist.gov; wsteele@utk.edu
FU Office of Fossil Energy of the US Department of Energy (DOE); Processing
   and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR)
   program; DOE [DE-AC22-94C91008, DE-AC05-000R22725]; National Petroleum
   Technology Office of DOE [DE-AI26-02NT15338]
FX We acknowledge the contributions of Stephen E. Knipmeyer in the d.s.c.
   studies, An (Andy) Nguyen in the vapor-pressure and density
   measurements, and Aaron P. Rau and I. Alex. Hossenlopp in vapor-transfer
   of the samples prior to the physical property measurements. The authors
   gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Fossil
   Energy of the US Department of Energy (DOE). This research was funded
   within the Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced
   Oil Recovery (AOR) program. The Bartlesville portion of the experiments
   was completed through BDM-Oklahoma under its contract with DOE for
   Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs
   (NORP), Contract Number DE-AC22-94C91008. Manuscript preparation at Oak
   Ridge National Laboratory was completed under DOE Contract Number
   DE-AC05-000R22725 with ORNL, which is managed and operated by
   UT-Battelle, LLC. Preparation of the manuscript at the National
   Institute of Standards and Technology of the US Department of Commerce
   in Boulder, Colorado, was supported by the National Petroleum Technology
   Office of DOE, Interagency Agreement number DE-AI26-02NT15338. This
   article is, in part, a contribution of the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology, and is not subject to copyright in the United
   States for the authors R.D.C and A.F.K. Products or companies are named
   solely for descriptive clarity and neither constitutes nor implies
   endorsement by NIST or by the US government.
NR 50
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 42
IS 5
BP 571
EP 580
DI 10.1016/j.jct.2009.11.010
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA 582ES
UT WOS:000276579700001
ER

PT J
AU Chirico, RD
   Kazakov, AF
   Steele, WV
AF Chirico, Robert D.
   Kazakov, Andrei F.
   Steele, William V.
TI Thermodynamic properties of three-ring aza-aromatics. 2. Experimental
   results for 1,10-phenanthroline, phenanthridine, and 7,8-benzoquinoline,
   and mutual validation of experiments and computational methods
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE 1,10-Phenanthroline; 7,8-Benzoquinoline; Computational chemistry;
   Density; Disorder; Entropy; Heat capacity; Ideal-gas properties;
   Phenanthridine; Vapor pressure
ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; VAPOR-PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; 3RD
   VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; TEMPERATURES; EQUATIONS;
   FLUIDS; STATE
AB Measurements leading to the calculation of standard entropies for 1,10-phenanthroline (Chemical Abstracts registry number [66-71-7]) in the crystal, liquid, and ideal-gas state are reported. Experimental methods were adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry and comparative ebulliometry. Thermodynamic properties for phenanthridine [229-87-8] and 7,8-benzoquinoline [230-27-3] were reported previously and included those measured with adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, comparative ebulliometry (7,8-benzoquinoline only), inclined-piston manometry, and combustion calorimetry. New measurement results for phenanthridine and 7,8-benzoquinoline reported here are densities determined with a vibrating-tube densimeter and heat capacities for the liquid phase at saturation pressure determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (dsc), and vapor pressures by comparative ebulliometry (phenanthridine only). All critical properties were estimated. Molar entropies for the ideal-gas state were derived for all compounds at selected temperatures. Independent calculations of entropies for the ideal-gas state were performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) model chemistry for the three compounds studied. These are shown to be in excellent accord with the calorimetric results for 1,10-phenanthroline and phenanthridine. Results for 7,8-benzoquinoline indicate that the crystal state is disordered. All new experimental results are compared with property values reported in the literature. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Steele, William V.] Univ Tennessee, Phys Properties Res Facil, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov; akazakov@boulder.nist.gov; wsteele@utk.edu
FU Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE);
   Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil
   Recovery (AOR) program; DOE [DE-AC22-94C91008, DE-AC05-000R22725];
   National Petroleum Technology Office of DOE [DE-AI26-02NT 15338]
FX We acknowledge the contributions of Stephen E. Knipmeyer in the dsc
   studies, An (Andy) Nguyen in the vapor-pressure and density
   measurements, and Aaron P. Rau and I. Alex. Hossenlopp in vapor-transfer
   of the samples prior to the physical property measurements. The authors
   gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Fossil
   Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This research was funded
   within the Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced
   Oil Recovery (AOR) program. The Bartlesville portion of the experiments
   was completed through BDM-Oklahoma under its contract with DOE for
   Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs
   (NORP), Contract Number DE-AC22-94C91008. Manuscript preparation at Oak
   Ridge National Laboratory was completed under DOE Contract Number
   DE-AC05-000R22725 with ORNL, which is managed and operated by
   UT-Battelle, LLC. Preparation of the manuscript at the National
   Institute of Standards and Technology of the U.S. Department of Commerce
   in Boulder, Colorado was supported by the National Petroleum Technology
   Office of DOE, Interagency Agreement number DE-AI26-02NT 15338. This
   article is, in part, a contribution of the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology, and is not subject to copyright in the United
   States for the authors R.D.C and A.F.K. Products or companies are named
   solely for descriptive clarity and neither constitutes nor implies
   endorsement by NIST or by the US government.
NR 41
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 42
IS 5
BP 581
EP 590
DI 10.1016/j.jct.2009.11.011
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA 582ES
UT WOS:000276579700002
ER

PT J
AU Winton, M
   Takahashi, K
   Held, IM
AF Winton, Michael
   Takahashi, Ken
   Held, Isaac M.
TI Importance of Ocean Heat Uptake Efficacy to Transient Climate Change
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MEAN RESPONSE; SENSITIVITY; CO2;
   ADJUSTMENT; AOGCM
AB This article proposes a modification to the standard forcing-feedback diagnostic energy balance model to account for 1) differences between effective and equilibrium climate sensitivities and 2) the variation of effective sensitivity over time in climate change experiments with coupled atmosphere-ocean climate models. In the spirit of Hansen et al. an efficacy factor is applied to the ocean heat uptake. Comparing the time evolution of the surface warming in high and low efficacy models demonstrates the role of this efficacy in the transient response to CO2 forcing. Abrupt CO2 increase experiments show that the large efficacy of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1) sets up in the first two decades following the increase in forcing. The use of an efficacy is necessary to fit this model's global mean temperature evolution in periods with both increasing and stable forcing. The intermodel correlation of transient climate response with ocean heat uptake efficacy is greater than its correlation with equilibrium climate sensitivity in an ensemble of climate models used for the third and fourth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments. When computed at the time of doubling in the standard experiment with 1% yr(-1) increase in CO2, the efficacy is variable amongst the models but is generally greater than 1, averages between 1.3 and 1.4, and is as large as 1.75 in several models.
C1 [Winton, Michael] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Takahashi, Ken] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Winton, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM Michael.Winton@noaa.gov
RI Takahashi, Ken/G-5321-2010
OI Takahashi, Ken/0000-0003-3670-2939
FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
FX The authors thank Ron Stouffer, Geoff Vallis, Rong Zhang, and four
   anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. The authors
   also thank Brian Soden for the use of the GFDL CM2.1 radiative kernel.
   The authors acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing
   their data for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and
   Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the
   JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) and their Coupled
   Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for
   organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for
   technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of
   Energy.
NR 19
TC 72
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 9
BP 2333
EP 2344
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3139.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 600PQ
UT WOS:000277999800007
ER

PT J
AU Wu, RG
   Wen, ZP
   Yang, S
   Li, YQ
AF Wu, Renguang
   Wen, Zhiping
   Yang, Song
   Li, Yueqing
TI An Interdecadal Change in Southern China Summer Rainfall around 1992/93
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; 500 HPA HEIGHT; EL-NINO;
   INDIAN-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE
   VARIATIONS; MONSOON RAINFALL; DECADAL CHANGE
AB The present study documents a pronounced interdecadal change in summer rainfall over southern China around 1992/93 and explores the plausible reasons for this change. The summer rainfall is persistently below normal during 1980-92 and above normal during 1993-2002. Coherent changes in atmospheric circulation are identified over East Asia and the South China Sea (SCS)-western North Pacific (WNP). The increase in rainfall is accompanied by an increase in lower-level convergence, midtropospheric ascent, and upper-level divergence over southern China. The changes in lower-level winds feature two anomalous anticyclones: one over the SCS-subtropical WNP, and the other over north China-Mongolia. The outflows from the two anomalous anticyclones converge over southern China, leading to anomalous moisture convergence, enhanced ascent, and increased rainfall. The development of the northern anticyclone is related to an increase in the Tibetan Plateau snow cover in the preceding winter-spring that leads to a contrast in temperature change between the plateau and the surrounding regions. The relatively small temperature change over the plateau, coupled with increases in temperature to the west and the east, leads to an increase in surface pressure extending northward from the plateau. The development of the southern anticyclone is related to an increase in sea surface temperature in the equatorial Indian Ocean that enhances lower-level convergence and ascent. The accompanying upper-level divergent flows from the tropical Indian Ocean to the SCS-WNP lead to the development of anomalous descent and lower-level anomalous anticyclone over the SCS-WNP.
C1 [Wu, Renguang] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA.
   [Wen, Zhiping] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Ctr Monsoon & Environm Res, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Li, Yueqing] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
RP Wu, RG (reprint author), IGES, COLA, Suite 302,4041 Powder Mill Rd, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
EM renguang@cola.iges.org
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU NSF [ATM-0332910]; NOAA [NA04OAR4310034, NA05OAR4311135]; NASA
   [NNG04GG46G]; Natural Science Foundation of China [40730951, 40875060]
FX The authors appreciate comments of Zeng-Zhen Hu and two anonymous
   reviewers. This research was supported by grants from the NSF
   (ATM-0332910), NOAA (NA04OAR4310034 and NA05OAR4311135), and NASA
   (NNG04GG46G). ZW was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of
   China (Grant 40730951). YL was supported by the Natural Science
   Foundation of China (Grant 40875060).
NR 54
TC 70
Z9 88
U1 7
U2 26
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 9
BP 2389
EP 2403
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3336.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 600PQ
UT WOS:000277999800012
ER

PT J
AU Held, IM
   Winton, M
   Takahashi, K
   Delworth, T
   Zeng, FR
   Vallis, GK
AF Held, Isaac M.
   Winton, Michael
   Takahashi, Ken
   Delworth, Thomas
   Zeng, Fanrong
   Vallis, Geoffrey K.
TI Probing the Fast and Slow Components of Global Warming by Returning
   Abruptly to Preindustrial Forcing
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTIONS;
   SENSITIVITY; SIMULATIONS; CO2
AB The fast and slow components of global warming in a comprehensive climate model are isolated by examining the response to an instantaneous return to preindustrial forcing. The response is characterized by an initial fast exponential decay with an e-folding time smaller than 5 yr, leaving behind a remnant that evolves more slowly. The slow component is estimated to be small at present, as measured by the global mean near-surface air temperature, and, in the model examined, grows to 0.4 degrees C by 2100 in the A1B scenario from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES), and then to 1.4 degrees C by 2300 if one holds radiative forcing fixed after 2100. The dominance of the fast component at present is supported by examining the response to an instantaneous doubling of CO2 and by the excellent fit to the model's ensemble mean twentieth-century evolution with a simple one-box model with no long times scales.
C1 [Held, Isaac M.; Winton, Michael; Delworth, Thomas; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
   [Takahashi, Ken] Inst Geofis Peru, Lima, Peru.
   [Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Held, IM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ USA.
EM isaac.held@noaa.gov
RI Takahashi, Ken/G-5321-2010; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014
OI Takahashi, Ken/0000-0003-3670-2939; 
FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310199]
FX We thank Ronald Stouffer and Robert Hallberg for helpful reviews of an
   earlier draft. KH was supported by the NOAA Climate and Global Change
   Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by the University
   Corporation for Atmospheric Reserarch (Award NA06OAR4310199 from the
   NOAA Climate Programs Office). IMH would like to acknowledge a
   conversation with Adam Scaife in 2008 on the time scale of the response
   to the instantaneous return to preindustrial radiative forcing that
   helped motivate this study.
NR 22
TC 131
Z9 132
U1 3
U2 23
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 9
BP 2418
EP 2427
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3466.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 600PQ
UT WOS:000277999800014
ER

PT J
AU Chiodi, AM
   Harrison, DE
AF Chiodi, A. M.
   Harrison, D. E.
TI Characterizing Warm-ENSO Variability in the Equatorial Pacific: An OLR
   Perspective
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO;
   PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES; UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; RAINFALL;
   AMERICA; EVENTS
AB It is shown that space-time smoothed outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) indices of equatorial Pacific seasonal variability can give an interestingly different perspective on El Nino than is obtained from sea surface temperature (SST) indices or the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). In particular, the index defined by averaging over an eastern-central region exhibits strong event like character-more so than in any other El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm-phase index known to the authors. Although the historical record for OLR is much shorter than for SST or SOI, OLR offers a direct connection to anomalous atmospheric heating. It is suggested that the years identified as events by this OLR index deserve particular recognition; and it is noteworthy that they all meet the criteria for "El Nino" years. Other years, whose warm-ENSO status differs depending upon the index favored, are not particularly distinctive from an OLR perspective, and a case could be made that either the other years do not deserve special classification or that they should be identified as different from the OLR-distinguished El Nino years.
C1 [Chiodi, A. M.; Harrison, D. E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Chiodi, A. M.; Harrison, D. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Chiodi, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM andy.chiodi@noaa.gov
RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013; Chiodi, Andrew/Q-7818-2016
NR 41
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 9
BP 2428
EP 2439
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3030.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 600PQ
UT WOS:000277999800015
ER

PT J
AU Schwartz, SE
   Charlson, RJ
   Kahn, RA
   Ogren, JA
   Rodhe, H
AF Schwartz, Stephen E.
   Charlson, Robert J.
   Kahn, Ralph A.
   Ogren, John A.
   Rodhe, Henning
TI Why Hasn't Earth Warmed as Much as Expected?
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN HEAT-CONTENT; SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; ANTHROPOGENIC
   AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ENERGY; SIMULATIONS; IMBALANCE; EMISSIONS;
   MODELS
AB The observed increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) over the industrial era is less than 40% of that expected from observed increases in long-lived greenhouse gases together with the best-estimate equilibrium climate sensitivity given by the 2007 Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Possible reasons for this warming discrepancy are systematically examined here. The warming discrepancy is found to be due mainly to some combination of two factors: the IPCC best estimate of climate sensitivity being too high and/or the greenhouse gas forcing being partially offset by forcing by increased concentrations of atmospheric aerosols; the increase in global heat content due to thermal disequilibrium accounts for less than 25% of the discrepancy, and cooling by natural temperature variation can account for only about 15%. Current uncertainty in climate sensitivity is shown to preclude determining the amount of future fossil fuel CO2 emissions that would be compatible with any chosen maximum allowable increase in GMST; even the sign of such allowable future emissions is unconstrained. Resolving this situation, by empirical determination of the earth's climate sensitivity from the historical record over the industrial period or through use of climate models whose accuracy is evaluated by their performance over this period, is shown to require substantial reduction in the uncertainty of aerosol forcing over this period.
C1 [Schwartz, Stephen E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Charlson, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Kahn, Ralph A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Ogren, John A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Rodhe, Henning] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
RP Schwartz, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM ses@bnl.gov
RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Ogren,
   John/M-8255-2015
OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359;
   Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583
FU U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Science, OBER) [DE-AC02-98CH10886];
   NASA's CALIPSO Mission [NAS1-99105]; NSF [ATM-0601177]
FX Work by SES was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Office of
   Science, OBER) under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Work by RJC was
   supported in part by NASA's CALIPSO Mission (Contract NAS1-99105) and
   NSF Grant ATM-0601177.
NR 56
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 2
U2 33
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 10
BP 2453
EP 2464
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3461.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AK
UT WOS:000278782600001
ER

PT J
AU Landsea, CW
   Vecchi, GA
   Bengtsson, L
   Knutson, TR
AF Landsea, Christopher W.
   Vecchi, Gabriel A.
   Bengtsson, Lennart
   Knutson, Thomas R.
TI Impact of Duration Thresholds on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Counts
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID HURRICANE INTENSITY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
   MODEL; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; TRENDS; SERIES; WIND
AB Records of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones (TCs) since the late nineteenth century indicate a very large upward trend in storm frequency. This increase in documented TCs has been previously interpreted as resulting from anthropogenic climate change. However, improvements in observing and recording practices provide an alternative interpretation for these changes: recent studies suggest that the number of potentially missed TCs is sufficient to explain a large part of the recorded increase in TC counts. This study explores the influence of another factor-TC duration-on observed changes in TC frequency, using a widely used Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT). It is found that the occurrence of short-lived storms (duration of 2 days or less) in the database has increased dramatically, from less than one per year in the late nineteenth-early twentieth century to about five per year since about 2000, while medium-to long-lived storms have increased little, if at all. Thus, the previously documented increase in total TC frequency since the late nineteenth century in the database is primarily due to an increase in very short-lived TCs.
   The authors also undertake a sampling study based upon the distribution of ship observations, which provides quantitative estimates of the frequency of missed TCs, focusing just on the moderate to long-lived systems with durations exceeding 2 days in the raw HURDAT. Upon adding the estimated numbers of missed TCs, the time series of moderate to long-lived Atlantic TCs show substantial multidecadal variability, but neither time series exhibits a significant trend since the late nineteenth century, with a nominal decrease in the adjusted time series.
   Thus, to understand the source of the century-scale increase in Atlantic TC counts in HURDAT, one must explain the relatively monotonic increase in very short-duration storms since the late nineteenth century. While it is possible that the recorded increase in short-duration TCs represents a real climate signal, the authors consider that it is more plausible that the increase arises primarily from improvements in the quantity and quality of observations, along with enhanced interpretation techniques. These have allowed National Hurricane Center forecasters to better monitor and detect initial TC formation, and thus incorporate increasing numbers of very short-lived systems into the TC database.
C1 [Landsea, Christopher W.] NOAA NWS Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
   [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Knutson, Thomas R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
   [Bengtsson, Lennart] Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Reading, Berks, England.
RP Landsea, CW (reprint author), NOAA NWS Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
EM chris.landsea@noaa.gov
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Hamrin, Goran/C-3526-2014
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Hamrin, Goran/0000-0003-4256-2960
FU NOAA; NOAA/OAR [C2D2]
FX CWL acknowledges support of the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program
   through a grant on "A Re-analysis and Testing of Trends of Tropical
   Cyclone Data during the Aircraft Reconnaissance and Satellite Era.'' GAV
   acknowledges support from the NOAA/OAR C2D2. Useful comments were
   provided on earlier versions of this manuscript by Fabrice Chauvin,
   Kerry Emanuel, James Franklin, Colin McAdie, Ed Rappaport, Bill Read,
   and three anonymous reviewers.
NR 46
TC 88
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 10
BP 2508
EP 2519
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3034.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AK
UT WOS:000278782600005
ER

PT J
AU Lamarque, JF
AF Lamarque, Jean-Francois
TI Impact of Changes in Climate and Halocarbons on Recent Lower
   Stratosphere Ozone and Temperature Trends
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID METEOROLOGICAL REGIMES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GREENHOUSE GASES; MODEL
AB The primary focus of this paper is the analysis of the roles of long-term increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) and sea surface temperatures (used as indicators of climate change) and man-made halocarbons (indicators of chemical ozone depletion linked to halogens) in explaining the observed trend of ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere and implications for related variables including temperature and tropopause height. Published estimates indicate a decrease of approximately 10% in observed ozone concentrations in this region between 1979 and 2005. Using a coupled chemistry-climate atmosphere model forced by observed sea surface temperatures and surface concentrations of long-lived greenhouse gases and halocarbons, the authors show that the simulations display substantial decreases in tropical ozone that compare well in both latitudinal and vertical structure with those observed. Based on sensitivity simulations, the analysis indicates that the decreases in the lower stratospheric (85-50 hPa) tropical ozone distribution are mostly associated with increases in CO2 and sea surface temperatures, in contrast to those at higher latitudes, which are largely driven by halocarbon increases. Factors influencing temperature trends and tropopause heights in this region are also probed. It is shown that the modeled temperature trends in the lower tropical stratosphere are also associated with increases in CO2 and sea surface temperatures. Following the analysis of lower stratospheric tropical temperature trends, the secondary focus of this paper is on related changes in tropopause height. Much of the simulated tropopause rise in the tropical zone as measured by tropopause height is found to be linked to increases in sea surface temperatures and CO2, while increases in halocarbons dominate the tropopause height changes in the subtropics near 308; both drivers thus affect different regions of the simulated changes in the position of the tropopause. Finally, it is shown that halocarbon increases dominate the changes in the width of the region where modeled total ozone displays tropical character (as indicated by low values of the column abundance). Hence the findings suggest that climate changes and halocarbon changes make different contributions to different metrics used to characterize tropical change.
C1 [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Univ Colorado, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Univ Colorado, Div Chem Sci, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lamarque, JF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM lamar@ucar.edu
RI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Manager, CSD
   Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; 
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; National Science
   Foundation
FX JFL was supported by the SciDAC project from the Department of Energy.
   We would like to acknowledge three anonymous reviewers for their helpful
   comments. C. Deser, Q. Fu, S. Pawson, W. Randel, S. Schauffler, and T.
   Shepherd provided valuable suggestions on an earlier version of this
   manuscript. S. Davis helped with the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis tropopause
   temperature trend and D. Seidel provided the data for Figure 10. NCEP
   Reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder,
   Colorado from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. This research
   used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing
   Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
   Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098. The National
   Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University
   Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National
   Science Foundation.
NR 37
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 10
BP 2599
EP 2611
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3179.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AK
UT WOS:000278782600010
ER

PT J
AU Rutherford, SD
   Mann, ME
   Ammann, CM
   Wahl, ER
AF Rutherford, Scott D.
   Mann, Michael E.
   Ammann, Caspar M.
   Wahl, Eugene R.
TI Comments on "A Surrogate Ensemble Study of Climate Reconstruction
   Methods: Stochasticity and Robustness''
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID PROXY; MILLENNIUM
AB In a recent paper, Christiansen et al. compared climate reconstruction methods using surrogate ensembles from a coupled general circulation model and pseudoproxies. Their results using the regularized expectation maximization method with truncated total least squares (RegEM-TTLS) appear inconsistent with previous studies. Results presented here show that the poor performance of RegEM-TTLS in Christiansen et al. is due to 1) their use of the nonhybrid method compared to the hybrid method; 2) a stagnation tolerance that is too large and does not permit the solution to stabilize, which is compounded in another paper by Christiansen et al. by the introduction of an inappropriate measure of stagnation; and 3) their use of a truncation parameter that is too large. Thus, the poor performance of RegEM-TTLS in both Christiansen et al. papers is due to poor implementation of the method rather than to shortcomings inherent to the method.
C1 [Rutherford, Scott D.] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bristol, RI 02809 USA.
   [Mann, Michael E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Mann, Michael E.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Ammann, Caspar M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Wahl, Eugene R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Rutherford, SD (reprint author), Roger Williams Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bristol, RI 02809 USA.
EM rutherford@fox.rwu.edu
RI Mann, Michael/B-8472-2017
OI Mann, Michael/0000-0003-3067-296X
NR 16
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 10
BP 2832
EP 2838
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3146.1
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 611AK
UT WOS:000278782600023
ER

PT J
AU Cardone, A
   Albers, RW
   Sriram, RD
   Pant, HC
AF Cardone, Antonio
   Albers, R. Wayne
   Sriram, Ram D.
   Pant, Harish C.
TI Evaluation of the Interaction of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 with
   Activator p25 and with p25-Derived Inhibitor CIP
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE computational geometry; cyclin-dependent kinase; feature-based shape
   similarity assessment; neurodegenerative diseases; protein
   phosphorylation
ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN DOCKING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIGAND DOCKING; SHAPE
   COMPLEMENTARITY; AUTOMATED DOCKING; MONTE-CARLO; ALGORITHMS; CONGRUENCE;
   SIMULATION; MECHANISMS
AB A high-affinity inhibitor protein called CIP, produced by small truncations of p35, was experimentally identified. P35 is a physiological activator of the cyclin-dependent kinase cdk5. P25 is derived from proteolytic truncation of p35 within "stressed" neurons, and it is associated with the hyperphosphorylation of specific neuronal proteins, typically occurring in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Here, we report a study of the binding mechanisms of the cdk5-p25 and cdk5-CIP complexes. This provides a better understanding of the source of the inhibitory activity of the protein CIP. We use a geometry-based technique to test the hypothesis that p25's truncation increases the flexibility of CIP and thus prevents cdk5 from reaching its active conformation. Our study is based on a geometry-based alignment algorithm, which aligns two given protein conformations with respect to their interfaces. Our results support the flexibility hypothesis and will be used as a basis for targeted molecular dynamics simulations.
C1 [Cardone, Antonio; Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Albers, R. Wayne; Pant, Harish C.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Cardone, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 220,Room A122, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cardone@nist.gov
NR 58
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1066-5277
J9 J COMPUT BIOL
JI J. Comput. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 5
BP 707
EP 721
DI 10.1089/cmb.2009.0202
PG 15
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical &
   Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics
GA 617HU
UT WOS:000279272400004
PM 20500023
ER

PT J
AU Powell, CJ
   Jablonski, A
AF Powell, C. J.
   Jablonski, A.
TI Progress in quantitative surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron
   spectroscopy: Current status and perspectives
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA
LA English
DT Article
DE XPS; Surface analysis; Inelastic mean free path; Attenuation length;
   Mean escape depth; Information depth; Surface composition; Film
   thickness; Quantitative analysis
ID MEAN FREE PATHS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION
   FUNCTION; ISO/TC 201 STANDARD; OVERLAYER THICKNESS DETERMINATION;
   ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS;
   ELASTIC-SCATTERING CORRECTIONS; ANGLE-RESOLVED XPS; RANGE 100-5000 EV
AB We give a survey of information needed for quantitative surface analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We describe four terms (the inelastic mean free path, the effective attenuation length, the mean escape depth, and the information depth) that are commonly used as descriptors of the surface sensitivity of an XPS experiment. Due to the complicating effects of elastic scattering, numerical values for each measure are generally different. Analytical formulae are given for each quantity. We describe procedures for determination of surface composition (with an emphasis on three types of relative sensitivity factors), measurements of overlayer-film thickness, and determination of composition-versus-depth information from angle-resolved XPS. Information is given on measurements of photoelectron intensities and the effects of sample morphology and sample roughness. Sources of data are given for all parameters needed for quantitative XPS. We discuss some major remaining uncertainties in quantitative XPS analyses and describe expected future areas of growth in XPS applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Powell, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Jablonski, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland.
RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8370, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cedric.powell@nist.gov
NR 168
TC 74
Z9 75
U1 8
U2 71
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0368-2048
EI 1873-2526
J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC
JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 178
SI SI
BP 331
EP 346
DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2009.05.004
PG 16
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA 604RJ
UT WOS:000278295900023
ER

PT J
AU Serrano, X
   Grosell, M
   Serafy, JE
AF Serrano, X.
   Grosell, M.
   Serafy, J. E.
TI Salinity selection and preference of the grey snapper Lutjanus griseus:
   field and laboratory observations
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Biscayne Bay; electronic shuttlebox; Everglades restoration; gray
   snapper; osmoregulation; salinity choice
ID GRAY SNAPPER; FLORIDA BAY; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; MANGROVE
   SHORELINE; HABITAT SELECTION; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; FISH; SURVIVAL; WATER
AB Field observations were supplemented with laboratory experiments to reveal patterns of salinity selection and preference for grey snapper Lutjanus griseus (c. 21 cm total length, L(T)), an ecologically and economically important species in the south-eastern U. S. A. Fish abundance data were examined from a long-term field survey conducted in the mangrove habitats of Biscayne Bay, Florida, where salinities ranged from <1 to 40. First, regression analyses indicated significant, positive linear relationships with salinity for both L. griseus frequency of occurrence and concentration (density when present). These patterns are inconsistent with physiological expectations of minimizing energetic osmoregulatory costs. Next, the salinity preference and swimming activity of 11 L. griseus (ranging from 18 to 23 cm L(T)) were investigated using a newly developed electronic shuttlebox system. In the laboratory, fish preferred intermediate salinities in the range of 9-23. Swimming activity (measured in terms of spontaneous swimming speed) followed a parabolic relationship with salinity, with reduced activity at salinity extremes perhaps reflecting compensation for higher osmoregulatory costs. It is suspected that the basis of the discrepancy between laboratory and field observations for size classes at or near maturity ultimately relates to the reproductive imperative to move towards offshore (high-salinity) coral-reef habitats, a necessity that probably overrides the strategy of minimizing osmoregulatory energetic costs. (C) 2010 The Authors Journal compilation (C) 2010 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
C1 [Serrano, X.; Grosell, M.; Serafy, J. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Serafy, J. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Serrano, X (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM xserrano@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Serrano, Xaymara/A-4660-2017
OI Serrano, Xaymara/0000-0002-8789-9818
FU Cooperative Unit for Fisheries and Education Research; RECOVER funds;
   U.S. National Science Foundation (IAB) [0714024, 0743903]
FX This work was conducted under Special Activity License #07SR-1015
   (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). The electronic
   shuttlebox system used in this work was developed in collaboration with
   Loligo Systems (Denmark). Financial support was provided through a
   fellowship from U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's
   Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, the Cooperative Unit
   for Fisheries and Education Research, and RECOVER funds provided to J.S.
   We are also indebted to the technical support provided in the lab and
   field by B. Teare, N. Hammerschlag, the South Florida Student Shark
   Program, D. Snodgrass, E. Orbesen, C. Faunce, J. Stieglitz, the Audubon
   of Florida and members of the Grosell laboratory at the University of
   Miami. D. Die and J. Lorenz contributed substantial guidance and
   numerous supplies to conduct this research. Statistical help was
   provided by D. Johnson, A. Brinson, K. Drew, K. Kleisner and S. Ebanks.
   Shuttlebox system depictions in Fig. 2 were generously provided by A.
   Torres. M. G. is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (IAB,
   0714024 and 0743903).
NR 55
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 7
BP 1592
EP 1608
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02585.x
PG 17
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 592WU
UT WOS:000277413300004
PM 20557618
ER

PT J
AU Baremore, IE
AF Baremore, I. E.
TI Reproductive aspects of the Atlantic angel shark Squatina dumeril
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE elasmobranch; lecithotrophic viviparity; maturity; senescence;
   Squatinidae
ID SOUTHERN BRAZIL; BIOLOGY; DEPOSITION
AB Atlantic angel sharks Squatina dumeril were collected by fishery-dependent and independent trawls from 2002 to 2008 for reproductive analysis. Female S. dumeril have only one functional ovary (left), with an average litter size of seven pups. The reproductive cycle is at least biennial, though the seasonality of vitellogenesis could not be determined. Gestation is c. 12 months, and embryo data support a seasonal trend in reproduction, with parturition occurring in the spring months (February to June). Mature male S. dumeril have spines on the outer margins of their pectoral fins, and there is an apparent peak in gonad size in the spring. The total length at which 50% of the population is mature is 85.8 and 92.9 cm for females and males, respectively. Journal compilation (C) 2010 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles No claim to original US government works
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
RP Baremore, IE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
EM Ivy.Baremore@noaa.gov
NR 27
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-1112
EI 1095-8649
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 7
BP 1682
EP 1695
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02608.x
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 592WU
UT WOS:000277413300010
PM 20557624
ER

PT J
AU Desai, AR
   Helliker, BR
   Moorcroft, PR
   Andrews, AE
   Berry, JA
AF Desai, Ankur R.
   Helliker, Brent R.
   Moorcroft, Paul R.
   Andrews, Arlyn E.
   Berry, Joseph A.
TI Climatic controls of interannual variability in regional carbon fluxes
   from top-down and bottom-up perspectives
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTHERN WISCONSIN FOREST; NET ECOSYSTEM
   EXCHANGE; DIOXIDE FLUXES; WATER-VAPOR; TRANSPORT MODELS; UPPER MIDWEST;
   TALL TOWER; CO2; VEGETATION
AB Observations of regional net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO(2) for 1997-2007 were analyzed for climatic controls on interannual variability (IAV). Quantifying IAV of regional (10(4)-10(6) km(2)) NEE over long time periods is key to understanding potential feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Four independent techniques estimated monthly regional NEE for 10(4) km(2) in a spatially heterogeneous temperate-boreal transition region of the north central United States, centered on the Park Falls, Wisconsin, United States, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tall tower site. These techniques included two bottom-up methods, based on flux tower upscaling and forest inventory based demographic modeling, respectively, and two top-down methods, based on tall tower equilibrium boundary layer budgets and tracer-transport inversion, respectively. While all four methods revealed a moderate carbon sink, they diverged significantly in magnitude. Coherence of relative magnitude and variability of NEE anomalies was strong across the methods. The strongest coherence was a trend of declining carbon sink since 2002. Most climatic controls were not strongly correlated with IAV. Significant controls on IAV were those related to hydrology, such as water table depth, and atmospheric CO(2). Weaker relationships were found with phenological controls such as autumn soil temperature. Hydrologic relationships were strongest with a 1 year lag, potentially highlighting a previously unrecognized predictor of IAV in this region. These results highlight a need for continued development of techniques to estimate regional IAV and incorporation of hydrologic cycling into couple carbon-climate models.
C1 [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Andrews, Arlyn E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Berry, Joseph A.] Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Helliker, Brent R.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Moorcroft, Paul R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Desai, AR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, AOSS 1549,1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM desai@aos.wisc.edu
RI Berry, Joseph/B-8211-2009; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Desai,
   Ankur/A-5899-2008
OI Berry, Joseph/0000-0002-5849-6438; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041
FU Chequamagon Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (ChEAS); NASA Goddard Space
   Flight Center; U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Northern Research Station;
   WLEF, of the Wisconsin Education Communications Board (ECB); NOAA ESRL
   CarbonTracker team; Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and
   Environmental Research (BER) National Institute for Climatic Change
   Research (NICCR) Midwestern Region [050516Z19]
FX This work could not have been done without the support of the many
   investigators, students, and technicians associated with the Chequamagon
   Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (ChEAS), B. Cook of NASA Goddard Space Flight
   Center, R. Teclaw and D. Baumann of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS)
   Northern Research Station, R. Strand, chief engineer at WLEF, of the
   Wisconsin Education Communications Board (ECB), W. Peters and A.
   Jacobson of the NOAA ESRL CarbonTracker team, and M. Albani for ED North
   America development. This work was supported by the Department of Energy
   (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) National
   Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR) Midwestern Region
   subagreement 050516Z19.
NR 65
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 115
AR G02011
DI 10.1029/2009JG001122
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 590WT
UT WOS:000277259700003
ER

PT J
AU Nikurashin, M
   Ferrari, R
AF Nikurashin, Maxim
   Ferrari, Raffaele
TI Radiation and Dissipation of Internal Waves Generated by Geostrophic
   Motions Impinging on Small-Scale Topography: Theory
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DEEP-OCEAN; TURBULENT DISSIPATION; INVERSE MODEL;
   GRAVITY-WAVES; SCOTIA SEA; TIDES; SHEAR; CIRCULATION; CONVERSION
AB Observations and inverse models suggest that small-scale turbulent mixing is enhanced in the Southern Ocean in regions above rough topography. The enhancement extends O(1) km above the topography, suggesting that mixing is supported by the breaking of gravity waves radiated from the ocean bottom. In this study, it is shown that the observed mixing rates can be sustained by internal waves generated by geostrophic motions flowing over bottom topography. Weakly nonlinear theory is used to describe the internal wave generation and the feedback of the waves on the zonally averaged flow. Vigorous inertial oscillations are driven at the ocean bottom by waves generated at steep topography. The wave radiation and dissipation at equilibrium is therefore the result of both geostrophic flow and inertial oscillations differing substantially from the classical lee-wave problem. The theoretical predictions are tested versus two-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations with parameters representative of Drake Passage. This work suggests that mixing in Drake Passage can be supported by geostrophic motions impinging on rough topography rather than by barotropic tidal motions, as is commonly assumed.
C1 [Nikurashin, Maxim] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Ferrari, Raffaele] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Nikurashin, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM man@alum.mit.edu
RI Nikurashin, Maxim/J-3506-2013; Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013
OI Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-6919248]
FX We would like to thank Eric Kunze, Kurt Polzin, and two anonymous
   reviewers for their useful comments. This research was supported by the
   National Science Foundation under Award OCE-6919248.
NR 39
TC 65
Z9 67
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 40
IS 5
BP 1055
EP 1074
DI 10.1175/2009JPO4199.1
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 597BX
UT WOS:000277731900013
ER

PT J
AU Gilsinn, DE
   Borchardt, BR
   Tebbe, A
AF Gilsinn, David E.
   Borchardt, Bruce R.
   Tebbe, Amelia
TI Estimating Volumes of Near-Spherical Molded Artifacts
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE B-splines; computed tomography; coordinate measuring machine; divergence
   theorem; lung cancer; lung cancer phantoms; nonlinear least squares
ID ALGORITHMS; PARAMETERS
AB The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is conducting research on developing reference lung cancer lesions, called phantoms, to test computed tomography (CT) scanners and their software. FDA loaned two semi-spherical phantoms to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), called Green and Pink, and asked to have the phantoms' volumes estimated. This report describes in detail both the metrology and computational methods used to estimate the phantoms' volumes. Three sets of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measured data were produced. One set of data involved reference surface data measurements of a known calibrated metal sphere. The other two sets were measurements of the two FDA phantoms at two densities, called the coarse set and the dense set. Two computational approaches were applied to the data. In the first approach spherical models were fit to the calibrated sphere data and to the phantom data. The second approach was to model the data points on the boundaries of the spheres with surface B-splines and then use the Divergence Theorem to estimate the volumes. Fitting a B-spline model to the calibrated sphere data was done as a reference check on the algorithm performance. It gave assurance that the volumes estimated for the phantoms would be meaningful. The results for the coarse and dense data sets tended to predict the volumes as expected and the results did show that the Green phantom was very near spherical. This was confirmed by both computational methods. The spherical model did not fit the Pink phantom as well and the B-spline approach provided a better estimate of the volume in that case.
C1 [Gilsinn, David E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Borchardt, Bruce R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Precis Engn, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Tebbe, Amelia] St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Math, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA.
RP Gilsinn, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.gilsinn@nist.gov; bruce.borchardt@nist.gov; antebbe@smcm.edu
FU FDA
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the generous assistance of Stefan Leigh
   of the Statistical Engineering Division of ITL at NIST in designing the
   volume uncertainty estimation algorithm by the bootstrap method. We also
   wish to acknowledge the gracious assistance of Prof. Dianne P. O'Leary,
   University of Maryland, in writing an efficient version of the least
   squares program using SVD as well as consulting on the regulariztion of
   the objective function. She also provided many helpful editorial
   suggestions. Prof. Florian Potra of the University of Maryland,
   Baltimore County also provided suggestions on the form of the
   regularization terms for the objective function. We also thank Dr.
   Andrew Rukhin of the Statistical Engineering Division of NIST for his
   many helpful suggestions on the manuscript. We acknowledge the use of
   the Nelder-Mead MATLAB code by Prof. Timothy Sauer, George Mason
   University. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge Dr. Nicholas Petrick of
   FDA for the loan of the Green and Pink phantoms used in this study.
NR 21
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U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 3
BP 149
EP 177
DI 10.6028/jres.115.009
PG 29
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 621NO
UT WOS:000279585800001
PM 27134783
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, NF
AF Zhang, Nien Fan
TI Linking the Results of CIPM and RMO Key Comparisons With Linear Trends
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE degrees of equivalence; generalized least squares estimator; key
   comparison reference value; linking laboratory; uncertainty
ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS
AB A statistical approach to link the results of interlaboratory comparisons with linear trends is proposed. This approach can be applied to the case that the comparison artifacts have the same nominal values or the measured quantities have the same magnitudes. The degrees of equivalence between the pairs of National Metrology Institutes that have not participated in the same comparisons, and their corresponding uncertainties are established. The approach is applied to link the CCEM-K2 and SIM.EM-K2 comparisons for resistance at 1 G Omega level.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zhang, NF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nien-fan.zhang@nist.gov
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 5
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 3
BP 179
EP 194
DI 10.6028/jres.115.010
PG 16
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 621NO
UT WOS:000279585800002
PM 27134784
ER

PT J
AU Kirsch, RA
AF Kirsch, Russell A.
TI Precision and Accuracy in Scientific Imaging
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE digital; image; pixel; scanning; variable
AB Digital images are commonly used to represent scientific data. Typically, high resolution images with many square pixels arc considered to be necessary under the assumption that the increased precision of such images yields increased accuracy to the viewer. We question this assumption by demonstrating improved accuracy in viewing digital images without requiring increased resolution by demonstrating how pixels with variable shapes chosen to best represent an image constitute a significant improvement over the square pixels in enhancing the accuracy of viewing such digital images.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NBS, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kirsch, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NBS, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rakirsch@acm.org
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 3
BP 195
EP 199
DI 10.6028/jres.115.011
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 621NO
UT WOS:000279585800003
PM 27134785
ER

PT J
AU Pitchure, DJ
   Ricker, RE
   Williams, ME
   Claggett, SA
AF Pitchure, D. J.
   Ricker, R. E.
   Williams, M. E.
   Claggett, S. A.
TI Interim Report on the Examination of Corrosion Damage in Homes
   Constructed With Imported Wallboard: Examination of Samples Received
   September 28, 2009
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric corrosion; copper; copper sulfide; household appliances;
   hydrogen sulfide; indoor atmosphere; sulfide; wallboard
AB Since many household systems are fabricated out of metallic materials, changes to the household environment that accelerate corrosion rates will increase the frequency of failures in these systems. Recently, it has been reported that homes constructed with imported wallboard have increased failure rates in appliances, air conditioner heat exchanger coils, and visible corrosion on electrical wiring and other metal components. At the request of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) became involved through the Interagency Agreement CPSC-1-09-0023 to perform metallurgical analyses on samples and corrosion products removed from homes constructed using imported wallboard. This document reports on the analysis of the first group of samples received by NIST from CPSC.
   The samples received by NIST on September 28, 2009 consisted of copper tubing for supplying natural gas and two air conditioner heat exchanger coils. The examinations performed by NIST consisted of photography, metallurgical cross-sectioning, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Leak tests were also performed on the air conditioner heat exchanger coils. The objective of these examinations was to determine extent and nature of the corrosive attack, the chemical composition of the corrosion product, and the potential chemical reactions or environmental species responsible for accelerated corrosion.
   A thin black corrosion product was found on samples of the copper tubing. The XRD analysis of this layer indicated that this corrosion product was a copper sulfide phase and the diffraction peaks corresponded with those for the mineral digenite (Cu9S5). Corrosion products were also observed on other types of metals in the air conditioner coils where condensation would frequently wet the metals. The thickness of the corrosion product layer on a copper natural gas supply pipe with a wall thickness of 1.2 mm +/- 0.2 mm was between 5 mu m and 10 mu m.
   These results indicate that a chemical compound that contains reduced sulfur, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is present in the environment to which these samples were exposed. The literature indicates that these species strongly influence corrosion rates of most metals and alloys even at low concentrations. None of the samples examined were failed components, and no evidence of imminent failure was found on any of the samples examined.
   All of the corrosion damage observed to date is consistent with a general attack form of corrosion that will progress in a uniform and relatively predictable manner. No evidence of localized attack was found, but these forms of attack typically require an incubation period before they initiate. Therefore, the number of samples examined to date is too small to draw a conclusion on the relative probability of these forms of corrosion being able to cause or not cause failure. Samples from failed systems or from laboratory tests conducted over a wide range of metallurgical and environmental conditions will be required to assess the probability of these other forms of corrosion causing failure.
C1 [Pitchure, D. J.; Ricker, R. E.; Williams, M. E.; Claggett, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pitchure, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.pitchure@nist.gov; richard.ricker@nist.gov;
   maureen.williams@nist.gov; sandra.claggett@nist.gov
RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011
OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908
NR 6
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U1 0
U2 5
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 3
BP 201
EP 208
DI 10.6028/jres.115.012
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 621NO
UT WOS:000279585800004
PM 27134786
ER

PT J
AU Rhodes, T
   Boland, F
   Fong, E
   Kass, M
AF Rhodes, Thomas
   Boland, Frederick
   Fong, Elizabeth
   Kass, Michael
TI Software Assurance Using Structured Assurance Case Models
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE product assurance; software assurance; software assurance case; software
   security; structured assurance case model; structured software assurance
   model
AB Software assurance is an important part of the software development process to reduce risks and ensure that the software is dependable and trustworthy. Software defects and weaknesses can often lead to software errors and failures and to exploitation by malicious users. Testing, certification and accreditation have been traditionally used in the software assurance process to attempt to improve software trustworthiness.
   In this paper, we examine a methodology known as a structured assurance model, which has been widely used for assuring system safety, for its potential application to software assurance. We describe the structured assurance model and examine its application and use for software assurance. We identify strengths and weaknesses of this approach and suggest areas for further investigation and testing.
C1 [Rhodes, Thomas; Boland, Frederick; Fong, Elizabeth; Kass, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rhodes, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM trhodes@nist.gov; boland@nist.gov; efong@nist.gov; mkass@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 3
BP 209
EP 216
DI 10.6028/jres.115.013
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 621NO
UT WOS:000279585800005
PM 27134787
ER

PT J
AU Stavila, V
   Her, JH
   Zhou, W
   Hwang, SJ
   Kim, C
   Ottley, LAM
   Udovic, TJ
AF Stavila, Vitalie
   Her, Jae-Hyuk
   Zhou, Wei
   Hwang, Son-Jong
   Kim, Chul
   Ottley, Leigh Anna M.
   Udovic, Terrence J.
TI Probing the structure, stability and hydrogen storage properties of
   calcium dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Calcium dodedecahydro-closo-dodecaborate; Hydrogen storage; Metal
   borohydrides; X-ray and neutron techniques; Density functional theory
ID WELL-CRYSTALLIZED MG(BH4)(2); METAL-BOROHYDRIDES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; H
   SYSTEM; ANIONS; REVERSIBILITY; CA(BH4)(2); COMPLEXES; BEHAVIOR; LIBH4
AB Calcium borohydride can reversibly store up to 9.6 wt% hydrogen; however, the material displays poor cyclability, generally associated with the formation of stable intermediate species. In an effort to understand the role of such intermediates on the hydrogen storage properties of Ca(BH(4))(2), calcium dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate was isolated and characterized by diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure of CaB(12)H(12) was determined from powder XRD data and confirmed by DFT and neutron vibrational spectroscopy studies. Attempts to dehydrogenate/hydrogenate mixtures of CaB(12)H(12) and CaH(2) were made under conditions known to favor partial reversibility in calcium borohydride. However, up to 670 K no notable formation of Ca(BH(4))(2) (during hydrogenation) or CaB(6) (during dehydrogenation) occurred. It was demonstrated that the stability of CaB(12)H(12) can be significantly altered using CaH(2) as a destabilizing agent to favor the hydrogen release. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Ottley, Leigh Anna M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
   [Her, Jae-Hyuk; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Her, Jae-Hyuk; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Hwang, Son-Jong; Kim, Chul] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Stavila, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM vnstavi@sandia.gov
RI Stavila, Vitalie/F-4188-2010; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Stavila,
   Vitalie/B-6464-2008
OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Stavila, Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
   Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-AI-01-05EE11105];
   National Science Foundation (NSF) [9724240]; NSF [DMR-0520565]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the many valuable suggestions made
   by Drs. Ewa Ronnebro, Eric Majzoub, Timothy Boyle and Leonard Klebanoff.
   We are grateful to Dr. Satish S. Jalisatgi for generously providing the
   Li<INF>2</INF>B<INF>12</INF>H<INF>12</INF> and
   K<INF>2</INF>B<INF>12</INF>H<INF>12</INF> samples and to Jeff Chames for
   help with the SEM/EDX experiments. We gratefully acknowledge financial
   support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
   and Renewable Energy, in the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure
   Technologies Program under Contract nos. DE-AC04-94AL85000,
   DE-AI-01-05EE11104, and DE-AI-01-05EE11105. The NMR facility at Caltech
   was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant no.
   9724240 and partially supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under
   Award Number DMR-0520565.
NR 41
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 20
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 183
IS 5
BP 1133
EP 1140
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.03.026
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 596HJ
UT WOS:000277675500022
ER

PT J
AU Pearson, C
   McCaffrey, R
   Elliott, JL
   Snay, R
AF Pearson, Chris
   McCaffrey, Robert
   Elliott, Julie L.
   Snay, Richard
TI HTDP 3.0: Software for Coping with the Coordinate Changes Associated
   with Crustal Motion
SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Datums
ID CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; STRAIN ACCUMULATION;
   SUBDUCTION ZONE; EARTHQUAKE; SLIP; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; MEXICO;
   SHEAR
AB NOAA's National Geodetic Survey has developed the horizontal time-dependent positioning (HTDP) software to provide a way for its users to estimate the coordinate changes associated with horizontal crustal motion in the United States. HTDP contains a model for estimating horizontal crustal velocities and separate models for estimating the displacements associated with 29 earthquakes (two in Alaska and 27 in California). This software is updated periodically to provide more accurate estimates for crustal velocities and earthquake displacements, as well as to include models for additional earthquakes. In June 2008, NGS released version 3.0 of HTDP (HTDP 3.0) that introduces an improved capability for predicting crustal velocities, based on a tectonic block model of the western contiguous United States (CONUS), that is, from the Rockies to the Pacific coast. Values for the model parameters that predict the velocity at any point within the domain were estimated from 4,890 horizontal velocity vectors (derived from repeated geodetic observations), 170 fault slip rates, and 258 fault slip vector azimuths. Extensive testing indicates that this model can predict velocities within CONUS with a standard error of less than 2 mm/year in both the north and east components. HTDP 3.0 also introduces a model for the combined coseismic and postseismic displacements associated with the magnitude 7.9 Denali earthquake that occurred in central Alaska on November 3, 2002.
C1 [Pearson, Chris] Natl Geodet Survey, Springfield, IL 62703 USA.
   [McCaffrey, Robert] Troy Geophys, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
   [Elliott, Julie L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Snay, Richard] Natl Geodet Survey, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Pearson, C (reprint author), Natl Geodet Survey, 2300 S Dirksen Pkwy, Springfield, IL 62703 USA.
EM chris.pearson@noaa.gov; mccafr@rpi.edu; julie@gi.alaska.edu;
   richard.snay@noaa.gov
OI Elliott, Julie/0000-0001-6996-5706
NR 35
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9453
EI 1943-5428
J9 J SURV ENG
JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 2
BP 80
EP 90
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000013
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 583QI
UT WOS:000276693100005
ER

PT J
AU Ravel, B
   Scorzato, C
   Siddons, DP
   Kelly, SD
   Bare, SR
AF Ravel, B.
   Scorzato, C.
   Siddons, D. P.
   Kelly, S. D.
   Bare, S. R.
TI Simultaneous XAFS measurements of multiple samples
SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE XAFS; ionization chamber; in situ; catalysis
ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXAFS
AB A four-channel ionization chamber has been designed, constructed and tested. This ionization chamber allows X-ray absorption spectra to be collected in transmission from up to four samples simultaneously. This results in spectra that are free of systematic uncertainty in relative energy alignment introduced by scan-to-scan stability of the monochromator or of numerical uncertainty associated with a post-processing alignment algorithm, allowing, in a single shot, an absolute measure of edge shift between four samples of different valence. As four samples can be measured in parallel, the time expended over the course of an experiment to cycle the measurement environment between its rest state and the measurement condition is substantially reduced. The ionization chamber is simple in design and could be implemented at virtually any XAFS beamline with a horizontal fan of radiation such as that provided by a bend magnet or wiggler. (C) 2010 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved
C1 [Ravel, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Scorzato, C.] Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
   [Siddons, D. P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Kelly, S. D.] EXAFS Anal, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA.
   [Bare, S. R.] Honeywell Co, UOP LLC, Des Plaines, IL 60017 USA.
RP Ravel, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bravel@bnl.gov
FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National
   Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank W. Rao, A. Lanzirotti, J. Kirkland, K.
   Pandya, C. Jaye and R. Tappero (all of whom are staff at various NSLS
   beamlines) for lending us enough equipment to make this experiment work
   the first time.
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0909-0495
J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT
JI J. Synchrot. Radiat.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 17
BP 380
EP 385
DI 10.1107/S0909049510006230
PN 3
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA 584WW
UT WOS:000276785600012
PM 20400837
ER

EF