FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Downs, CA Kramarsky-Winter, E Woodley, CM Downs, A Winters, G Loya, Y Ostrander, GK AF Downs, Craig A. Kramarsky-Winter, Esti Woodley, Cheryl M. Downs, Aaron Winters, Gidon Loya, Yossi Ostrander, Gary K. TI Cellular pathology and histopathology of hypo-salinity exposure on the coral Stylophora pistillata SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cellular diagnostics; Coral; Hypo-salinity; Oxidative stress ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ANEMONE NEMATOSTELLA-VECTENSIS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE GENES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; LIVER-MITOCHONDRIA; REDUCED SALINITY AB Coral reefs can experience extreme salinity changes. particularly hypo-salinity, as a result of storms, heavy rainy seasons (e.g., monsoons), and coastal runoff. Field and laboratory observations have documented that corals exposed to hypo-saline conditions can undergo extensive bleaching and mortality. There is controversy in the literature as to whether hypo-saline conditions induce a pathological response in corals, and if there is a relationship between decreasing salinity treatment and pathological responses. To test the hypothesis that hypo-salinity exposure does not have a pathological effect on coral, we used histological and cellular diagnostic methods to characterize the pathology in hypo-salinity-exposed corals. Colonies of Stylophora pistillata were exposed to five salinity concentrations [39 parts per thousand (ppt), 32 ppt, 28 ppt, 24 ppt, and 20 ppt] that may realistically occur on a reef. Histological examination indicated an increasing severity of pathomorphologies associated with decreasing salinity, including increased tissue swelling, degradation and loss of zooxanthellae, and tissue necrosis. Pulse-amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorimetry kinetics demonstrated a decreasing photosynthetic efficiency with decreasing salinity conditions. Cytochrome P450 levels were affected by even slight changes in salinity concentration suggesting that detoxification pathways, as well as several endocrine pathways, may be adversely affected. Finally, these studies demonstrated that hypo-saline conditions can induce an oxidative-stress response in both the host and in its algal symbiont, and in so doing, may synergistically increase oxidative-stress burdens. As with other types of environmental stresses, exposure to hypo-saline conditions may have long-term consequences on coral physiology. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Downs, Craig A.; Ostrander, Gary K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Downs, Craig A.] Haereticus Environm Lab, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Loya, Yossi] Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Woodley, Cheryl M.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, CCEHBR, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Downs, Aaron] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Winters, Gidon] Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Ostrander, GK (reprint author), 2500 Campus Way,211 Hawaii Hall, Honolulu, HI 96821 USA. EM gko@hawaii.edu RI Kramarsky-Winter, Esti/H-2205-2012; Loya, Yossi/J-3039-2012 FU EnVirtue Biotechnologies, Inc; Israeli Science Foundation (ISF); Haereticus Environmental Laboratory; U.S National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work was funded by EnVirtue Biotechnologies, Inc., the Israeli Science Foundation (ISF), Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, and the Raynor Chair for Environmental Conservation Research at Tel Aviv University. We sincerely thank Maytal Balushtein, Nachshon Siboni, and Roee Segal for their generous help in conducting the coral collection, culturing, and exposure for this experiment. We also thank Robert Richmond for editing the manuscript and Ross Jones for discussions concerning coral physiology and hypo-salinity. This publication does not constitute ail endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the U.S National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 93 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 407 IS 17 BP 4838 EP 4851 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.015 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 475PH UT WOS:000268371500008 PM 19515401 ER PT J AU Amornthammarong, N Zhang, JZ AF Amornthammarong, Natchanon Zhang, Jia-Zhong TI Liquid-waveguide spectrophotometric measurement of low silicate in natural waters SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Silicate; Silicic acid; Seawater; Silicomolybdenum blue; Molybdate ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW ANALYSIS; NANOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS; COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION; CAPILLARY-CELL; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ULTRAPURIFIED WATER; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PACIFIC SECTOR; SEA-WATER; PHOSPHATE AB This paper describes a robust, sensitive method for measurement of low silicate in natural water. The method is based on the reaction of silicate with ammonium molybdate to form a yellow silicomolybdate complex, which is then reduced to silicomolybdenum blue by ascorbic acid. This method shows no refractive index effect and a small salinity effect that can be corrected for seawater samples. It was found that the use of poly-vinyl alcohol can prevent the precipitation formation in the ammonium molybdate solution and improve the stability of the silicomolybdenum blue complex. The sensitivity of this method is substantially enhanced by using a liquid-waveguide capillary cell. The detection limit is 0.1 mu M, and working range is 0.1-10 mu M for using 2-m liquid-waveguide capillary cell (LWCC). The method can be used for both freshwater and seawater samples and has been used to study the distribution of silicate in surface seawater of Gulf Stream in Florida straight. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Amornthammarong, Natchanon] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008 OI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556 FU University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA67RJ0149] FX We would like to thank Ryan H. Smith (PhOD/AOML/NOAA) for his kind supports during the field operations. Financial support for this study was provided by NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program and Climate and Global Change Program. This research was carried out, in part, under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a joint institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA67RJ0149. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 BP 621 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.04.050 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 475GO UT WOS:000268346800010 PM 19576421 ER PT J AU Jiang, D Arora, B Safronova, MS Clark, CW AF Jiang, Dansha Arora, Bindiya Safronova, M. S. Clark, Charles W. TI Blackbody-radiation shift in a Sr-88(+) ion optical frequency standard SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY; ENERGY-LEVELS; TRANSITION; CLOCK; LASER; SINGLE; SR+; POLARIZABILITIES AB The blackbody-radiation (BBR) shift of the 5s-4d(5/2) clock transition in Sr-88(+) is calculated to be 0.250(9) Hz at room temperature, T = 300 K, using the relativistic all-order method where all single and double excitations of the Dirac-Fock wavefunction are included to all orders of perturbation theory. The BBR shift is a major component in the uncertainty budget of the optical frequency standard based on the Sr-88(+) trapped ion. The scalar polarizabilities of the 5s and 4d(5/2) levels, as well as the tensor polarizability of the 4d(5/2) level, are presented together with the evaluation of their uncertainties. The lifetimes of the 4d(3/2), 4d(5/2), 5p(1/2) and 5p(3/2) states are calculated and compared with experimental values. C1 [Jiang, Dansha; Arora, Bindiya; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jiang, D (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM msafrono@udel.edu RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU US Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 15 AR 154020 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/42/15/154020 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 471GF UT WOS:000268043300021 ER PT J AU Andersen, MF Sleator, T AF Andersen, Mikkel F. Sleator, Tycho TI Lattice Interferometer for Laser-Cooled Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE AB We demonstrate an atom interferometer in which atoms are laser cooled into a 1D optical lattice, suddenly released, and later subjected to a pulsed optical lattice. For short pulses, a simple analytical theory predicts the signal. We investigate both short and longer pulses where the analytical theory fails. Longer pulses yield higher precision and larger signals, and we observe a coherent signal at times that can differ significantly from the expected echo time. The interferometer has potential for precision measurements of h/m(A), and can probe the dynamics of atoms in an optical lattice. C1 [Andersen, Mikkel F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Andersen, Mikkel F.] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Jack Dodd Ctr Quantum Technol, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Sleator, Tycho] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Andersen, MF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Andersen, Mikkel/B-3806-2012 FU Office of Naval Research; NZ-FRST [NERF-UOOX0703] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions and comments from Bill Phillips, Kris Helmerson, Pierre Clade, and A. Tonyushkin and assistance in acquiring data from Clio Sleator. This work was supported by Office of Naval Research and NZ-FRST Contract No. NERF-UOOX0703. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 AR 070402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.070402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484QZ UT WOS:000269063300002 PM 19792621 ER PT J AU Stock, C Chapon, LC Adamopoulos, O Lappas, A Giot, M Taylor, JW Green, MA Brown, CM Radaelli, PG AF Stock, C. Chapon, L. C. Adamopoulos, O. Lappas, A. Giot, M. Taylor, J. W. Green, M. A. Brown, C. M. Radaelli, P. G. TI One-Dimensional Magnetic Fluctuations in the Spin-2 Triangular Lattice alpha-NaMnO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG CHAIN; HALDANE-GAP; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; EXCITATIONS AB The S = 2 anisotropic triangular lattice alpha-NaMnO2 is studied by neutron inelastic scattering. Antiferromagnetic order occurs at T <= 45 K with opening of a spin gap. The spectral weight of the magnetic dynamics above the gap (Delta similar or equal to 7.5 meV) has been analyzed by the single-mode approximation. Excellent agreement with the experiment is achieved when a dominant exchange interaction (|J|= k(B) similar or equal to 73 K), along the monoclinic b axis and a sizable easy-axis magnetic anisotropy (|D|= k(B) similar or equal to 3 K) are considered. Despite earlier suggestions for two-dimensional spin interactions, the dynamics illustrate strongly coupled antiferromagnetic S = 2 chains and cancellation of the interchain exchange due to the lattice topology. alpha-NaMnO2 therefore represents a model system where the geometric frustration is resolved through the lowering of the dimensionality of the spin interactions. C1 [Stock, C.; Chapon, L. C.; Giot, M.; Taylor, J. W.; Radaelli, P. G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Adamopoulos, O.; Lappas, A.; Giot, M.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. [Adamopoulos, O.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Green, M. A.; Brown, C. M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM chris.stock@stfc.ac.uk; lappas@iesl.forth.gr RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Lappas, Alexandros/F-6771-2011; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU European Commission [011723]; NSF [DMR-0454672] FX We thank R. Coldea and R. Cowley for discussions. A. L. acknowledges financial support from the European Commission ("Construction of New Infrastructures,'' Contract No. 011723). We are thankful to NSF (No. DMR-0454672) for partial support at NIST. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 AR 077202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.077202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484QZ UT WOS:000269063300061 PM 19792680 ER PT J AU Depner, SW Kort, KR Jaye, C Fischer, DA Banerjee, S AF Depner, Sean W. Kort, Kenneth R. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Nonhydrolytic Synthesis and Electronic Structure of Ligand-Capped CeO2-delta and CeOCl Nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION; CO CONVERSION; MONODISPERSE; OXIDATION; SHAPE; SHIFT; POLYCRYSTALLINE AB A novel and versatile nonhydrolytic approach is developed for the synthesis of ligand-passivated CeO2-delta and CeOCl nanocrystals soluble in nonpolar organic solvents based on the condensation of cerium alkoxides with cerium halides. The alkyl group on the metal alkoxides and the specific halide used in the synthesis are observed to considerably influence the composition and size of the obtained nanocrystals. The obtained nanocrystals are <3 nm in diameter and, owing to their surface-capping groups, yield homogeneous and clear solutions in nonpolar organic solvents with no evidence of agglomeration. The electronic structure of the obtained CeO2-delta nanocrystals has been studied using optical absorption spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at Ce M- and O K-edges. The latter technique provides detailed insight into the metal valence, geometric structure, and atom-projected density of states in these nancrystals. Finally, this synthesis method has been expanded to explore the doping of La to form solid-solution CexLa1-xO2-delta nanocrystals. C1 [Depner, Sean W.; Kort, Kenneth R.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu FU University at Buffalo; Office of the Vice President of Research at the University at Buffalo FX The authors gratefully acknowledge startup funding from the University at Buffalo for support of this work. This work was partially supported by a seed grant from the Office of the Vice President of Research at the University at Buffalo. Dr. Yueling Qin is thanked for his assistance with TEM imaging. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 56 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 32 BP 14126 EP 14134 DI 10.1021/jp903216b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 479LQ UT WOS:000268661300011 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, C Seidou, O Ouarda, TBMJ Zhang, XB AF Beaulieu, Claudie Seidou, Ousmane Ouarda, Taha B. M. J. Zhang, Xuebin TI Intercomparison of homogenization techniques for precipitation data continued: Comparison of two recent Bayesian change point models SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 2-PHASE REGRESSION-MODEL; CLIMATE DATA; UNDOCUMENTED CHANGEPOINTS; TEMPERATURE SERIES; LINEAR-MODEL; TIME-SERIES; DISCONTINUITIES; REVISION; SHIFT AB In this paper, two new Bayesian change point techniques are described and compared to eight other techniques presented in previous work to detect inhomogeneities in climatic series. An inhomogeneity can be defined as a change point (a time point in a series such that the observations have a different distribution before and after this time) in the data series induced from changes in measurement conditions at a given station. It is important to be able to detect and correct an inhomogeneity, as it can interfere with the real climate change signal. The first technique is a Bayesian method of multiple change point detection in a multiple linear regression. The second one allows the detection of a single change point in a multiple linear regression. These two techniques have never been used for homogenization purposes. The ability of the two techniques to discriminate homogeneous and inhomogeneous series was evaluated using simulated data series. Various sets of synthetic series (homogeneous, with a single shift, and with multiple shifts) representing the typical total annual precipitation observed in the southern and central parts of the province of Quebec, Canada, and nearby areas were generated for the purpose of this study. The two techniques gave small false detection rates on the homogeneous series. Furthermore, the two techniques proved to be efficient for the detection of a single shift in a series. For the series with multiple shifts, the Bayesian method of multiple change point detection performed better. An application to a real data set is also provided and validated with the available metadata. C1 [Beaulieu, Claudie; Ouarda, Taha B. M. J.] Univ Quebec, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Scientif, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Seidou, Ousmane] Univ Ottawa, Dept Civil Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Zhang, Xuebin] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON M5H 5T4, Canada. RP Beaulieu, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM beaulieu@princeton.edu RI Seidou, Ousmane/N-6280-2015 OI Seidou, Ousmane/0000-0003-1706-0176 FU Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies,; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); OURANOS Consortium; Canada Research Chair Program FX The authors wish to thank the Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies, the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the OURANOS Consortium, and the Canada Research Chair Program for funding this research. The authors would also like to thank L. Vincent of the Meteorological Service of Canada for providing the metadata and G. Boulet of Environment Quebec and A. Yagouti of Transport Canada for their helpful comments. Finally, the authors thank the Associate Editor and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W08410 DI 10.1029/2008WR007501 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 484ID UT WOS:000269036900004 ER PT J AU Dhagat, P Haverinen, HM Kline, RJ Jung, Y Fischer, DA DeLongchamp, DM Jabbour, GE AF Dhagat, Parul Haverinen, Hanna M. Kline, R. Joseph Jung, Youngsuk Fischer, Daniel A. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Jabbour, Ghassan E. TI Influence of Dielectric Surface Chemistry on the Microstructure and Carrier Mobility of an n-Type Organic Semiconductor SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; MONOLAYERS; PENTACENE; OCTADECYLTRICHLOROSILANE; DEPOSITION; SILANIZATION; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACES AB This paper examines the microstructure evolution of 3,4,9,10-perylene- tetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI) thin films resulting fim conditions imposed during film deposition. Modification of the silicon dioxide interface with a hydrophobic monolayer (octaclecyltrichlorosilane (OTS-18)) alters the PTCBI growth habit by changing the unit cell contact plane. PTCBI films deposited on oxide surface have an orientation of (011), while films atop OTS-treated oxide surface have a preferred orientation of (001). The quality of the self assembled monolayer does not appear to influence the PTCBI growth preference significantly yet it enhances the carrier mobility, suggesting that charge traps are adequately passivated due to uniform monolayer coverage. High-quality monolayers result in n-type carrier mobility values of 0.05 cm(2) V(-1)s(-1) Increasing the substrate temperature during PTCBI film deposition correlates with an increase in mobility that is most significant for films deposited on OTS-treated surface. C1 [Dhagat, Parul; Jabbour, Ghassan E.] Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Dhagat, Parul; Jabbour, Ghassan E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph; Jung, Youngsuk; Fischer, Daniel A.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haverinen, Hanna M.] Univ Oulu, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Oulu, Finland. RP Dhagat, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, 7700S River Pkwy, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. EM deand@nist.gov; jabbour@asu.edu RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NG-04-2-0005]; FiDiPro program; Graduate School of Modern Optics and Photonics, Finland FX P.D. and G.E.J. acknowledge funding from the Army Research Laboratory under the Cooperative Agreement W911NG-04-2-0005 and Prof Jian Li (School of Materials, ASU) for supplying PTCBI used in this study. G.E.J. and H.M.H acknowledge the FiDiPro program and the Graduate School of Modern Optics and Photonics, Finland. P.D. would like to thank Sijesh Madakuni (ASU), Barry O'Brien (Flexible Display Center) and Dr. Lee Richter (NIST) for useful discussions. Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the author. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 15 BP 2365 EP 2372 DI 10.1002/adfm.200900298 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 484CS UT WOS:000269021500002 ER PT J AU Nembach, HT Bauer, H Shaw, JM Schneider, ML Silva, TJ AF Nembach, H. T. Bauer, H. Shaw, J. M. Schneider, M. L. Silva, T. J. TI Microwave assisted magnetization reversal in single domain nanoelements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coercive force; ferromagnetic resonance; iron alloys; Kerr magneto-optical effect; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic domains; magnetic hysteresis; magnetisation reversal; microwave materials; nickel alloys AB We studied the microwave assisted magnetic reversal of 65x71 nm(2) elliptical Ni(80)Fe(20) nanomagnets. Hysteresis curves were measured by magneto-optical Kerr effect for a range of microwave frequencies and amplitudes. The coercive field H(c) was reduced by 26% for an rf field of 0.08H(c) when the microwave frequency coincided with the minimum of the experimentally determined ferromagnetic resonance frequency with varying dc field. The experimental results for the fractional reduction in H(c) with rf field amplitude are in good agreement with numerical simulations for an array of interacting macrospins with a physically realistic shape anisotropy distribution. C1 [Nembach, H. T.; Bauer, H.; Shaw, J. M.; Silva, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schneider, M. L.] Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Nembach, HT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hans.nembach@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 FU US Government FX This work is partially supported by the US Government. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 6 AR 062506 DI 10.1063/1.3196556 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 484PZ UT WOS:000269060600035 ER PT J AU Halverson, NW Lanting, T Ade, PAR Basu, K Bender, AN Benson, BA Bertoldi, F Cho, HM Chon, G Clarke, J Dobbs, M Ferrusca, D Gusten, R Holzapfel, WL Kovacs, A Kennedy, J Kermish, Z Kneissl, R Lee, AT Lueker, M Mehl, J Menten, KM Muders, D Nord, M Pacaud, F Plagge, T Reichardt, C Richards, PL Schaaf, R Schilke, P Schuller, F Schwan, D Spieler, H Tucker, C Weiss, A Zahn, O AF Halverson, N. W. Lanting, T. Ade, P. A. R. Basu, K. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bertoldi, F. Cho, H. -M. Chon, G. Clarke, J. Dobbs, M. Ferrusca, D. Guesten, R. Holzapfel, W. L. Kovacs, A. Kennedy, J. Kermish, Z. Kneissl, R. Lee, A. T. Lueker, M. Mehl, J. Menten, K. M. Muders, D. Nord, M. Pacaud, F. Plagge, T. Reichardt, C. Richards, P. L. Schaaf, R. Schilke, P. Schuller, F. Schwan, D. Spieler, H. Tucker, C. Weiss, A. Zahn, O. TI SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT OBSERVATIONS OF THE BULLET CLUSTER (1E 0657-56) WITH APEX-SZ SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: individual (1E 0657-56) ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY; XMM-NEWTON; DATA REDUCTION; SOUTH-POLE; MASS; GAS; BRIGHTNESS; 1E0657-56; FRACTION AB We present observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) in the Bullet cluster (1E 0657-56) using the APEX-SZ instrument at 150 GHz with a resolution of 1'. The main results are maps of the SZE in this massive, merging galaxy cluster. The cluster is detected with 23 sigma significance within the central 1' radius of the source position. The SZE map has a broadly similar morphology to that in existing X-ray maps of this system, and we find no evidence for significant contamination of the SZE emission by radio or IR sources. In order to make simple quantitative comparisons with cluster gas models derived from X-ray observations, we fit our data to an isothermal elliptical beta model, despite the inadequacy of such a model for this complex merging system. With an X-ray-derived prior on the power-law index, beta = 1.04(-0.10)(+0.16), we find a core radius r(c) = 142 '' +/- 18 '', an axial ratio of 0.889 +/- 0.072, and a central temperature decrement of -771 +/- 71 mu K(CMB), including a +/- 5.5% flux calibration uncertainty. Combining the APEX-SZ map with a map of projected electron surface density from Chandra Xray observations, we determine the mass-weighted temperature of the cluster gas to be T(mg) = 10.8 +/- 0.9 keV, significantly lower than some previously reported X-ray spectroscopic temperatures. Under the assumption of an isothermal cluster gas distribution in hydrostatic equilibrium, we compute the gas mass fraction for prolate and oblate spheroidal geometries and find it to be consistent with previous results from X-ray and weak-lensing observations. This work is the first result from the APEX-SZ experiment, and represents the first reported scientific result from observations with a large array of multiplexed superconducting transition-edge sensor bolometers. C1 [Halverson, N. W.; Bender, A. N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lanting, T.; Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. [Basu, K.; Bertoldi, F.; Nord, M.; Pacaud, F.; Schaaf, R.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Benson, B. A.; Clarke, J.; Ferrusca, D.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Kermish, Z.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Mehl, J.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C.; Richards, P. L.; Schwan, D.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cho, H. -M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chon, G.; Guesten, R.; Kovacs, A.; Kneissl, R.; Menten, K. M.; Muders, D.; Nord, M.; Schilke, P.; Schuller, F.; Weiss, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Clarke, J.; Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Halverson, NW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Kovacs, Attila/C-1171-2010; OI Kovacs, Attila/0000-0001-8991-9088; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0138348, AST-0709497]; Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; MPG Berkeley-Munich; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship FX We thank the staff at the APEX telescope site, led by David Rabanus and previously by Lars-Ake Nyman, for their dedicated and exceptional support. We also thank LBNL engineers John Joseph and Chinh Vu for their work on the readout electronics. APEX-SZ is funded by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-0138348 and AST-0709497. Work at LBNL is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at McGill is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. R. K. acknowledges partial financial support from MPG Berkeley-Munich fund. N. W. H. acknowledges support from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship. NR 45 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 701 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/42 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475ES UT WOS:000268341800006 ER PT J AU Dohm, JM Anderson, RC Williams, JP Ruiz, J McGuire, PC Buczkowski, DL Wang, RY Scharenbroich, L Hare, TM Connerney, JEP Baker, VR Wheelock, SJ Ferris, JC Miyamoto, H AF Dohm, James M. Anderson, Robert C. Williams, Jean-Pierre Ruiz, Javier McGuire, Patrick C. Buczkowski, Debra L. Wang, Ruye Scharenbroich, Lucas Hare, Trent M. Connerney, J. E. P. Baker, Victor R. Wheelock, Shawn J. Ferris, Justin C. Miyamoto, Hirdy TI Claritas rise, Mars: Pre-Tharsis magmatism? SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Mars; Claritas rise; Tharsis; Claritas Fossae; Syria Planum; Thaumasia highlands; superplume; plume; tectonism; hydrothermal; dynamo; magnetosphere ID EMISSION SPECTROMETER DATA; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; EARLY DIFFERENTIATION; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; THAUMASIA REGION; MARTIAN SURFACE; TOPOGRAPHY; GRAVITY; ENVIRONMENT AB Claritas rise is a prominent ancient (Noachian) center of tectonism identified through investigation of comprehensive paleotectonic information of the western hemisphere of Mars. This center is interpreted to be the result of magmatic-driven activity, including uplift and associated tectonism, as well as possible hydrothermal activity. Coupled with its ancient stratigraphy, high density of impact craters, and complex structure, a possible magnetic signature may indicate that it formed during an ancient period of Mars' evolution, such as when the dynamo was in operation. As Tharsis lacks magnetic signatures, Claritas rise may pre-date the development of Tharsis or mark incipient development, since some of the crustal materials underlying Tharsis and older parts of the magmatic complex, respectively, could have been highly resurfaced, destroying any remanent magnetism. Here, we detail the significant characteristics of the Claritas rise, and present a case for why it should be targeted by the Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and Mars Express spacecrafts, as well as be considered as a prime target for future tier-scalable robotic reconnaissance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.; Wheelock, Shawn J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Anderson, Robert C.; Scharenbroich, Lucas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Anderson, Robert C.; Williams, Jean-Pierre] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ruiz, Javier] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Buczkowski, Debra L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wang, Ruye] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Engn, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Hare, Trent M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Connerney, J. E. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ferris, Justin C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Miyamoto, Hirdy] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu RI Wheelock, Shawn/A-7627-2010; Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; McGuire, Patrick/D-2962-2013; connerney, john/I-5127-2013; Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Ruiz, Javier/P-3975-2015; OI McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Ruiz, Javier/0000-0002-3937-8380; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X FU NASA; European Social Fund; California Institute of Technology; National Science Foundations Astronomy and Astrophysics Research [AST-0709151]; McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) [1277793] FX The authors are indebted to two technical reviewers, Daniel Mege and an anonymous reviewer, whose efforts have resulted in a significantly improved manuscript. We are also appreciative of helpful inputs by H. Jay Melosh, as well as machine learning-related information contributed by Rebecca Castano and Brad Dalton (Section 3.1). James Dohm was supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program, Javier Ruiz by a contract I3P with the CSIC, co-financed from the European Social Fund, Jean-Pierre Williams by the California Institute of Technology through the O. K. Earl Postdoctoral Fellowship and the National Science Foundations Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants program (AST-0709151), Patrick McGuire by a Robert M. Walker senior research fellowship from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, and by NASA funds through the Applied Physics Laboratory, under subcontract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL Contract #1277793). NR 100 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 185 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.03.012 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 486AF UT WOS:000269167000011 ER PT J AU Maus, S Barckhausen, U Berkenbosch, H Bournas, N Brozena, J Childers, V Dostaler, F Fairhead, JD Finn, C von Frese, RRB Gaina, C Golynsky, S Kucks, R Luhr, H Milligan, P Mogren, S Muller, RD Olesen, O Pilkington, M Saltus, R Schreckenberger, B Thebault, E Tontini, FC AF Maus, S. Barckhausen, U. Berkenbosch, H. Bournas, N. Brozena, J. Childers, V. Dostaler, F. Fairhead, J. D. Finn, C. von Frese, R. R. B. Gaina, C. Golynsky, S. Kucks, R. Luehr, H. Milligan, P. Mogren, S. Mueller, R. D. Olesen, O. Pilkington, M. Saltus, R. Schreckenberger, B. Thebault, E. Tontini, F. Caratori TI EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE magnetic anomaly; magnetic grid; magnetic model ID CRUSTAL; OCEAN; FIELD; MAP AB A global Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2) has been compiled from satellite, ship, and airborne magnetic measurements. EMAG2 is a significant update of our previous candidate grid for the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map. The resolution has been improved from 3 arc min to 2 arc min, and the altitude has been reduced from 5 km to 4 km above the geoid. Additional grid and track line data have been included, both over land and the oceans. Wherever available, the original shipborne and airborne data were used instead of precompiled oceanic magnetic grids. Interpolation between sparse track lines in the oceans was improved by directional gridding and extrapolation, based on an oceanic crustal age model. The longest wavelengths (>330 km) were replaced with the latest CHAMP satellite magnetic field model MF6. EMAG2 is available at http://geomag.org/models/EMAG2 and for permanent archive at http://earthref.org/ cgi-bin/er.cgi?s=erda.cgi?n=970. C1 [Maus, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Barckhausen, U.; Schreckenberger, B.] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Berkenbosch, H.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Bournas, N.] Geotech Ltd, Aurora, ON L4G 4C4, Canada. [Brozena, J.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Childers, V.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dostaler, F.; Pilkington, M.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada. [Fairhead, J. D.] GETECH, Leeds LS8 2LJ, W Yorkshire, England. [Fairhead, J. D.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Finn, C.; Kucks, R.; Saltus, R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [von Frese, R. R. B.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gaina, C.; Olesen, O.] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Golynsky, S.] All Russian Res Inst Geol & Mineral Resources Wor, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. [Luehr, H.] German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Milligan, P.] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Mogren, S.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Mueller, R. D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Thebault, E.] Inst Phys Globe, F-75252 Paris, France. [Tontini, F. Caratori] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-19020 Fezzano, Italy. RP Maus, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov RI Berkenbosch, Heidi/D-3969-2011; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; Gaina, Carmen/I-5213-2015; OI Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X FU Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FX Last but not least, the operational support of the CHAMP mission by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the financial support for the data processing by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 115 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 10 AR Q08005 DI 10.1029/2009GC002471 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 481NK UT WOS:000268818100001 ER PT J AU Ziemkiewicz, M Nesbitt, DJ AF Ziemkiewicz, Michael Nesbitt, David J. TI Nonadiabatic reactive scattering in atom plus triatom systems: Nascent rovibronic distributions in F+H2O -> HF+OH SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atom-molecule reactions; excited states; fluorescence; fluorine; ground states; hydrogen compounds; oxygen compounds; photochemistry; rotational states; rotational-vibrational states; spectrochemical analysis; spin-orbit interactions; vibrational states ID BORN-OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION; 1ST ABSORPTION-BAND; CONTROLLING BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; BOND SELECTED REACTION; OPEN-SHELL ATOMS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; CROSS-SECTIONS; INFRARED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; CONICAL INTERSECTIONS AB Crossed supersonic jet studies of F+H2O -> HF+OH((2)Pi(3/2),(2)Pi(1/2)) have been performed under low density, single collision conditions at E-com=6(2) kcal/mol, yielding rotational, vibrational, and spin-orbit state distributions in the nascent OH product by laser induced fluorescence methods. The lowest reaction barriers on the ground and first excited electronic surfaces are Delta E approximate to 4 kcal/mol and Delta E approximate to 25 kcal/mol, correlating with OH((2)Pi(3/2)) and OH((2)Pi(1/2)), respectively. Although only reactions on the ground state potential are Born-Oppenheimer allowed at the experimental collision energies, both ground and excited spin-orbit OH products are observed in a (2)Pi(3/2):(2)Pi(1/2)=69(1)%:31(1)% branching ratio. This indicates the presence of strong nonadiabatic surface hopping interactions, in agreement with previous results for the F+D2O -> DF+OD reaction. Despite clear differences in the rotational distributions between F+H2O and F+D2O isotopic reactions, the overall electronic branching into spin-orbit manifolds is nearly identical for both OH and OD products. Furthermore, when plotted versus total electronic+rotational energy, the nascent OH and OD populations each lie on single curves, with pronounced kinks in the Boltzmann plots suggestive of microscopic branching in the reaction dynamics. Such an equivalence of electronic and rotational energy release in the OH/OD products is consistent with predominantly nonadiabatic processes taking place in the immediate post-transition state region rather than asymptotically in the exit channel. C1 [Ziemkiewicz, Michael] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ziemkiewicz, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation FX This work has been supported by funding from the National Science Foundation. We also would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for initial support for the laser excitation source and molecular beam chamber. NR 80 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 5 AR 054309 DI 10.1063/1.3194284 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 481KT UT WOS:000268809800020 PM 19673564 ER PT J AU Feist, J Nagele, S Pazourek, R Persson, E Schneider, BI Collins, LA Burgdoumlrfer, J AF Feist, J. Nagele, S. Pazourek, R. Persson, E. Schneider, B. I. Collins, L. A. Burgdoumlrfer, J. TI Probing Electron Correlation via Attosecond xuv Pulses in the Two-Photon Double Ionization of Helium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; COLLISIONS; STATE; HE AB Recent experimental developments of high-intensity, short-pulse extreme ultraviolet light sources are enhancing our ability to study electron-electron correlations. We perform time-dependent calculations to investigate the so-called "sequential" regime (h omega > 54.4 eV) in the two-photon double ionization of helium. We show that attosecond pulses allow us not only to probe but also to induce angular and energy correlations of the emitted electrons. The final momentum distribution reveals regions dominated by the Wannier ridge breakup scenario and by postcollision interaction. C1 [Feist, J.; Nagele, S.; Pazourek, R.; Persson, E.; Burgdoumlrfer, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Schneider, B. I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Schneider, B. I.] NIST, Elect & Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Collins, L. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Feist, J (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM johannes.feist@tuwien.ac.at RI Nagele, Stefan/E-6938-2011; Feist, Johannes/J-7394-2012 OI Nagele, Stefan/0000-0003-1213-0294; Feist, Johannes/0000-0002-7972-0646 FU Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Science Foundation [TGPHY090031] FX Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources under Grant No. TGPHY090031. NR 33 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 063002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.063002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300018 PM 19792560 ER PT J AU Hammerer, K Wallquist, M Genes, C Ludwig, M Marquardt, F Treutlein, P Zoller, P Ye, J Kimble, HJ AF Hammerer, K. Wallquist, M. Genes, C. Ludwig, M. Marquardt, F. Treutlein, P. Zoller, P. Ye, J. Kimble, H. J. TI Strong Coupling of a Mechanical Oscillator and a Single Atom SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY AB We propose and analyze a setup to achieve strong coupling between a single trapped atom and a mechanical oscillator. The interaction between the motion of the atom and the mechanical oscillator is mediated by a quantized light field in a laser driven high-finesse cavity. In particular, we show that high fidelity transfer of quantum states between the atom and the mechanical oscillator is in reach for existing or near future experimental parameters. Our setup provides the basic toolbox from atomic physics for coherent manipulation, preparation, and measurement of micromechanical and nanomechanical oscillators. C1 [Hammerer, K.; Wallquist, M.; Genes, C.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hammerer, K.; Wallquist, M.; Genes, C.; Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ludwig, M.; Marquardt, F.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Ctr NanoSci, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Ludwig, M.; Marquardt, F.] Univ Munich, Arnold Sommerfeld Ctr Theoret Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Treutlein, P.] Univ Munich, Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-80799 Munich, Germany. [Treutlein, P.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-80799 Munich, Germany. [Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, J.; Kimble, H. J.] CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hammerer, K (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Marquardt, Florian/C-2533-2008; Treutlein, Philipp/H-6158-2012; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; genes, claudiu/A-5043-2017; Hammerer, Klemens/C-3538-2008; Wallquist, Margareta/F-7966-2010; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 OI Marquardt, Florian/0000-0003-4566-1753; Treutlein, Philipp/0000-0001-9025-9574; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Hammerer, Klemens/0000-0002-7179-0666; genes, claudiu/0000-0003-4445-5739; NR 16 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 063005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.063005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300021 PM 19792563 ER PT J AU Lemke, ND Ludlow, AD Barber, ZW Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Jiang, Y Jefferts, SR Heavner, TP Parker, TE Oates, CW AF Lemke, N. D. Ludlow, A. D. Barber, Z. W. Fortier, T. M. Diddams, S. A. Jiang, Y. Jefferts, S. R. Heavner, T. P. Parker, T. E. Oates, C. W. TI Spin-1/2 Optical Lattice Clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONAL UNCERTAINTY; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; FERMIONS; ATOMS AB We experimentally investigate an optical clock based on (171)Yb (I=1/2) atoms confined in an optical lattice. We have evaluated all known frequency shifts to the clock transition, including a density-dependent collision shift, with a fractional uncertainty of 3.4x10(-16), limited principally by uncertainty in the blackbody radiation Stark shift. We measured the absolute clock transition frequency relative to the NIST-F1 Cs fountain clock and find the frequency to be 518 295 836 590 865.2(0.7) Hz. C1 [Lemke, N. D.; Ludlow, A. D.; Barber, Z. W.; Fortier, T. M.; Diddams, S. A.; Jiang, Y.; Jefferts, S. R.; Heavner, T. P.; Parker, T. E.; Oates, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lemke, N. D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jiang, Y.] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Lemke, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM oates@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 28 TC 165 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 063001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.063001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300017 PM 19792559 ER PT J AU Min, H MacDonald, AH AF Min, Hongki MacDonald, A. H. TI Origin of Universal Optical Conductivity and Optical Stacking Sequence Identification in Multilayer Graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE; GRAPHITE AB We show that the origin of the universal optical conductivity in a normal N-layer graphene multilayer is an emergent chiral symmetry which guarantees that sigma(omega)=N sigma(uni) in both low and high-frequency limits. [sigma(uni)=(pi/2)e(2)/h]. We use this physics to relate intermediate frequency conductivity trends to qualitative characteristics of the multilayer stacking sequence. C1 [Min, Hongki] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Min, Hongki] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Min, Hongki; MacDonald, A. H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Min, H (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Min, Hongki/0000-0001-5043-2432 FU Welch Foundation; NSF [DMR-0606489] FX This work was supported by the Welch Foundation, by the SWAN NRI program, and by the NSF under grant DMR-0606489. The authors gratefully acknowledge valuable comments from M. D. Stiles, J. McClelland, J. A. Stroscio, and A. R. Hight Walker. NR 36 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 067402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.067402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300071 PM 19792612 ER PT J AU Qiu, YM Bao, W Zhao, Y Broholm, C Stanev, V Tesanovic, Z Gasparovic, YC Chang, S Hu, J Qian, B Fang, MH Mao, ZQ AF Qiu, Yiming Bao, Wei Zhao, Y. Broholm, Collin Stanev, V. Tesanovic, Z. Gasparovic, Y. C. Chang, S. Hu, Jin Qian, Bin Fang, Minghu Mao, Zhiqiang TI Spin Gap and Resonance at the Nesting Wave Vector in Superconducting FeSe0.4Te0.6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; MODE; BA0.6K0.4FE2AS2; COMPOUND; SYSTEM; LIFEAS; FEAS AB Neutron scattering is used to probe magnetic excitations in FeSe0.4Te0.6 (T-c = 14 K). Low energy spin fluctuations are found with a characteristic wave vector (1/2 1/2 L) that corresponds to Fermi surface nesting and differs from Q(m) = (delta 01/2) for magnetic ordering in Fe1+yTe. A spin resonance with h Omega(0) = 6.51(4) meV approximate to 5.3k(B)T(c) and h Gamma = 1.25(5) meV develops in the superconducting state from a normal state continuum. We show that the resonance is consistent with a bound state associated with s(+/-) superconductivity and imperfect quasi-2D Fermi surface nesting. C1 [Qiu, Yiming; Broholm, Collin; Gasparovic, Y. C.; Chang, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Yiming; Gasparovic, Y. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bao, Wei] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Y.; Broholm, Collin; Stanev, V.; Tesanovic, Z.; Gasparovic, Y. C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zhao, Y.; Broholm, Collin; Stanev, V.; Tesanovic, Z.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hu, Jin; Qian, Bin; Fang, Minghu; Mao, Zhiqiang] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Fang, Minghu] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. EM wbao@ruc.edu.cn RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; 石, 源/D-5929-2012; ruc, phy/E-4170-2012; Hu, Jin/C-4141-2014 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Hu, Jin/0000-0003-0080-4239 FU NSF [DMR-0645305, DMR-0454672]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46358, DE-FG02-08ER46544]; NBRP of China [2006CB01003, 2009CB929104]; PCSIRT of the MOE of China [IRT0754] FX Work at Tulane was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0645305 for materials, the DOE under DE-FG02-07ER46358 for graduate students, and by the Research Corporation. Work at JHU was supported by the DOE under DE-FG02-08ER46544. Work at ZU was supported by the NBRP of China (No. 2006CB01003, 2009CB929104) and the PCSIRT of the MOE of China (IRT0754). SPINS is in part supported by NSF under agreement y. NR 50 TC 170 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 067008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.067008 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300061 PM 19792603 ER PT J AU Partamies, N Pulkkinen, TI McPherron, RL McWilliams, K Bryant, CR Tanskanen, E Singer, HJ Reeves, GD Thomsen, MF AF Partamies, N. Pulkkinen, T. I. McPherron, R. L. McWilliams, K. Bryant, C. R. Tanskanen, E. Singer, H. J. Reeves, G. D. Thomsen, M. F. TI Statistical survey on sawtooth events, SMCs and isolated substorms SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE M-I coupling; Substorm; Steady magnetospheric convection; Sawtooth event ID HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; SOLAR-WIND; IONOSPHERE; FIELD AB Solar wind driving can cause a variety of different responses in the magnetosphere. Strong and steady driving during geomagnetic storms may result in sawtooth events. Strong to moderate driving may be followed by either sawtooth events or steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events. Lower solar wind energy input typically leads to the formation of isolated non-storm substorms. This study uses superposed epoch analysis to reveal the typical properties of these three event groups as well as their similarities and differences. We use IMF and solar wind parameters, as well as ground-based indices (AL, SYM-H, ASY-H, PCN) to examine the level of solar wind driving and its response in the magnetosphere. Our results show that sawtooth events are associated with the strongest ionospheric activity. The subgroups of events during constant solar wind E-gamma show that the key difference between the events is the average solar wind speed. Particularly, the high activity during sawtooth events is driven by high solar wind speed, while the lowest average speed during the SMCs may explain the lack of substorm activity during the steady convection periods. (C) 2009 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Partamies, N.; Pulkkinen, T. I.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [McPherron, R. L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [McWilliams, K.; Bryant, C. R.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Tanskanen, E.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Reeves, G. D.; Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Partamies, N (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM noora.partamies@fmi.fi RI Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; Partamies, Noora/G-3408-2014; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Partamies, Noora/0000-0003-2536-9341; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 376 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.03.013 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 475LO UT WOS:000268360900011 ER PT J AU Hofmann, D Barnes, J O'Neill, M Trudeau, M Neely, R AF Hofmann, David Barnes, John O'Neill, Michael Trudeau, Michael Neely, Ryan TI Increase in background stratospheric aerosol observed with lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory and Boulder, Colorado SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBONYL SULFIDE; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; DIOXIDE; MODEL AB The stratospheric aerosol layer has been monitored with lidars at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii and Boulder in Colorado since 1975 and 2000, respectively. Following the Pinatubo volcanic eruption in June 1991, the global stratosphere has not been perturbed by a major volcanic eruption providing an unprecedented opportunity to study the background aerosol. Since about 2000, an increase of 4-7% per year in the aerosol backscatter in the altitude range 20-30 km has been detected at both Mauna Loa and Boulder. This increase is superimposed on a seasonal cycle with a winter maximum that is modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in tropical winds. Of the three major causes for a stratospheric aerosol increase: volcanic emissions to the stratosphere, increased tropical upwelling, and an increase in anthropogenic sulfur gas emissions in the troposphere, it appears that a large increase in coal burning since 2002, mainly in China, is the likely source of sulfur dioxide that ultimately ends up as the sulfate aerosol responsible for the increased backscatter from the stratospheric aerosol layer. The results are consistent with 0.6-0.8% of tropospheric sulfur entering the stratosphere. Citation: Hofmann, D., J. Barnes, M. O'Neill, M. Trudeau, and R. Neely (2009), Increase in background stratospheric aerosol observed with lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory and Boulder, Colorado, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15808, doi:10.1029/2009GL039008. C1 [Hofmann, David; Barnes, John; O'Neill, Michael; Trudeau, Michael; Neely, Ryan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hofmann, David; O'Neill, Michael; Trudeau, Michael; Neely, Ryan] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barnes, John] Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. RP Hofmann, D (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.j.hofmann@noaa.gov RI Neely, Ryan/F-8702-2010 OI Neely, Ryan/0000-0003-4560-4812 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program FX The lidar observations are partially supported through the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program. Updated IPCC SO2 emission data were kindly provided by Steve Smith. Discussions with Terry Deshler and Susan Solomon are appreciated. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L15808 DI 10.1029/2009GL039008 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 481NW UT WOS:000268819400005 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Stark, H Spackman, JR Ryerson, TB Peischl, J Swartz, WH Gao, RS Watts, LA Fahey, DW AF Schwarz, J. P. Stark, H. Spackman, J. R. Ryerson, T. B. Peischl, J. Swartz, W. H. Gao, R. S. Watts, L. A. Fahey, D. W. TI Heating rates and surface dimming due to black carbon aerosol absorption associated with a major US city SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; CLOUD AB In situ airborne measurements of actinic flux and the mass and mixing state of individual refractory black carbon (BC) particles were made in the lower troposphere around a major U. S. metropolitan area. These data were used to estimate atmospheric heating rates and surface dimming due to absorption of solar radiation by refractory BC. Direct absorption by ozone is also calculated and averages 10% of that of BC below 4 km but becomes dominant above this altitude. Variability in BC absorption is large due to source variability and clouds. Average BC heating rates are much smaller than those associated with BC and other absorbing aerosol components in global hotspot regions. These results, which are specific to refractory BC absorption, will help determine the value of short-term climate-change mitigation strategies involving BC emission reductions. They may also be used to estimate refractory BC contributions to total aerosol absorption. Citation: Schwarz, J. P., H. Stark, J. R. Spackman, T. B. Ryerson, J. Peischl, W. H. Swartz, R. S. Gao, L. A. Watts, and D. W. Fahey (2009), Heating rates and surface dimming due to black carbon aerosol absorption associated with a major U. S. city, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15807, doi:10.1029/2009GL039213. C1 [Schwarz, J. P.; Stark, H.; Spackman, J. R.; Ryerson, T. B.; Peischl, J.; Gao, R. S.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Stark, H.; Spackman, J. R.; Peischl, J.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Swartz, W. H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Swartz, William/A-1965-2010; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Swartz, William/0000-0002-9172-7189; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate, and Health of the Atmosphere Programs; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality; NASA Radiation Sciences Program and Upper Atmosphere Research Program FX We thank the air crew and systems engineering staff of the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center for their exceptional service and V. Ramanathan and M. V. Ramana for helpful discussion. This research was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate, and Health of the Atmosphere Programs, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and Upper Atmosphere Research Program. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L15807 DI 10.1029/2009GL039213 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 481NW UT WOS:000268819400007 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF AF Douglas, Jack F. TI Theoretical Issues Relating to Thermally Reversible Gelation by Supermolecular Fiber Formation SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FIBRIL FORMATION; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; GEL FORMATION; IN-VITRO; NUCLEATION; POLYMERS; CRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSITION AB Existing models of the thermodynamics and dynamics of self-assembly are summarized to provide a context for discussing the difficulties that arise in modeling supermolecular fiber assembly and the formation of thermally reversible gets through Fiber growth and branching. Challenging problems in this field, such as the physical origin of fibers of uniform diameter and fiber twisting, the kinetics of fiber growth, the hierarchical bundling of fibers into "superfibers", fiber branching, gelation through fiber impingement and the associated phenomenon of fractal fiber network and spherulite formation, and the origin and control of structural polymorphism in the fiber and superfiber geometry, are discussed front a personal perspective. Suggestions are made for integrating current research efforts into a more coherent multiscale description of fiber formation and gelation on molecular, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 15 BP 8386 EP 8391 DI 10.1021/la9016245 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 473TD UT WOS:000268231500007 PM 19485383 ER PT J AU Ma, LJ Slattery, O Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao TI Experimental study of high sensitivity infrared spectrometer with waveguide-based up-conversion detector SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION; QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION AB We have developed an up-conversion spectrometer for signals at single photon levels near the infrared region based on a tunable up-conversion detector that uses a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide as the conversion medium. We also experimentally studied its characteristics including sensitivity, dark count rate, spectral scan speed, signal transfer function of the waveguide, and polarization sensitivity. The overall single photon detection efficiency of the up-conversion spectrometer is about 32%. With its ultra high sensitivity the spectrometer can measure spectra for signals at a level as low as -126 dBm. We have demonstrated the spectrometers high sensitivity by measuring the spectrum of a greatly attenuated multimode emission from a laser diode at the 1310 nm band. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lijun.ma@nist.gov; xiao.tang@nist.gov FU NIST quantum information initiative; National Institute of Standards and Technology. FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Qiang Zhang and Dr. Carsten Langrock from Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University for the technical discussions. This research was supported by the NIST quantum information initiative. 1 The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 16 BP 14395 EP 14404 DI 10.1364/OE.17.014395 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 481WQ UT WOS:000268843700116 PM 19654847 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Lacerda, SHD Yager, KG Berry, BC Douglas, JF Jones, RL Karim, A AF Zhang, Xiaohua Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli Yager, Kevin G. Berry, Brian C. Douglas, Jack F. Jones, Ronald L. Karim, Alamgir TI Target Patterns Induced by Fixed Nanoparticles in Block Copolymer Films SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE target pattern; nanoparticles; block copolymer ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; POLYMER BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; ALIGNMENT; ORIENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; MICRODOMAIN; TEMPLATES AB It is well-known that thin films of cylinder-forming block copolymers (BCP) can exhibit a transition from a perpendicular to a parallel cylinder orientation with respect to the supporting solid substrate upon varying film thickness. We show that wave-like oscillations between these morphologies can be induced through the introduction of nanoparticles (NP) into flow-coated and annealed BCP films where the particles span the film thickness and are fixed by irreversible adsorption to the supporting substrate. We hypothesize that these novel "target" patterns arise from residual stresses that build up In the film while undergoing thermal treatment and film formation, and we support this hypothesis by showing the suppression of this type of pattern formation in films that are first thermally annealed near their glass transition T, to relax residual stress. Similar undulating height patterns are also observed in heated homopolymer films with nanoparticles, consistent with our thermally induced stress hypothesis of the target pattern formation in BCP films and pointing to the general nature of wavelike thermally induced height variations in heated heterogeneous polymer films. Similar wave patterns should be induced by lithographically etched substrate patterns arising In device fabrication using BCP materials, which makes the phenomena of technological interest. These target patterns also potentially provide valuable information about the presence of residual stresses in cast films that arise during their processing. C1 [Zhang, Xiaohua; Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli; Yager, Kevin G.; Berry, Brian C.; Douglas, Jack F.; Jones, Ronald L.; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiaohua.zhang@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 FU NIST-NRC FX B.C.B. was supported in part by a NIST-NRC Fellowship. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2009 VL 3 IS 8 BP 2115 EP 2120 DI 10.1021/nn9002133 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 485SS UT WOS:000269145000012 PM 19630381 ER PT J AU Mishin, Y Boettinger, WJ Warren, JA McFadden, GB AF Mishin, Y. Boettinger, W. J. Warren, J. A. McFadden, G. B. TI Thermodynamics of grain boundary premelting in alloys. I. Phase-field modeling SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain boundary; Thermodynamics; Phase diagram; Melting; Phase-field method ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; DIFFUSION; TRANSITION; INTERFACE; METALS; FILMS AB The rich nature of the premelting transition of grain boundaries in solid solutions analyzed. Part I of this paper uses a multi-phase field model, whereas Part II employs atomistic Monte Carlo simulations. To enable comparison, Cu-rich Cu-Ag solid solutions are chosen for study. In the phase-field model, a system composed of two grains and it liquid phase is treated with three phase field Parameters and with it realistic bulk thermodynamic description of Cu-Ag alloys obtained with the CALPHAD approach. Several different computation methods are employed, both rigorous and approximate, to examine the premelting behavior and relate it to the so-called "disjoining potential" between the solid-liquid interfaces in the grain boundary region. Depending on the grain boundary energy, temperature and grain composition chosen, several different classes of premelting transitions have been detected. As the grain concentration approaches the solidus line. one class shows a premelted layer whose thickness diverges continuously to infinity (complete wetting). Another class shows it discontinuity of the premelted layer thickness, exhibiting it first-order thin-to-thick transition prior to continuous thickening to infinity at the solidus line. In other cases, a metastable grain boundary state can exist above the solidus line, indicating the possibility of superheating/supersaturation of the grains together with the grain boundary. The possibility of such transitions has been predicted previously for generic thermodynamics by many authors. The results of the current investigation are compared with the atomistic calculations for the Cu-Ag system in Part II of this work. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishin, Y.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Boettinger, W. J.; Warren, J. A.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mishin, Y (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MSN 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ymishin@gmu.edu RI Warren, James/B-1698-2008; Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015; McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206; McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 41 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 13 BP 3771 EP 3785 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.044 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 476CG UT WOS:000268414100009 ER PT J AU Kelly, WR Shirley, EL Migdall, AL Polyakov, SV Hendrix, K AF Kelly, William R. Shirley, Eric L. Migdall, Alan L. Polyakov, Sergey V. Hendrix, Kurt TI First- and second-order Poisson spots SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION PATTERNS AB Although Thomas Young is generally given credit for being the first to provide evidence against Newton's corpuscular theory of light, it was Augustin Fresnel who first stated the modem theory of diffraction. We review the history surrounding Fresnel's 1818 paper and the role of the Poisson spot in the associated controversy. We next discuss the boundary-diffraction-wave approach to calculating diffraction effects and show how it can reduce the complexity of calculating diffraction patterns. We briefly discuss a generalization of this approach that reduces the dimensionality of integrals needed to calculate the complete diffraction pattern of any order diffraction effect. We repeat earlier demonstrations of the conventional Poisson spot and discuss an experimental setup for demonstrating an analogous phenomenon that we call a "second-order Poisson spot." Several features of the diffraction pattern can be explained simply by considering the path lengths of singly' and doubly bent paths and distinguishing between first- and second-order diffraction effects related to such paths, respectively. (C) 2009 American Association of Physics Teachers. [DOI: 10.1119/1.3119181] C1 [Kelly, William R.] BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shirley, Eric L.; Migdall, Alan L.; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Hendrix, Kurt] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Migdall, Alan L.; Polyakov, Sergey V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kelly, WR (reprint author), BBN Technol, 10 Moulton St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wkelly@bbn.com NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 77 IS 8 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1119/1.3119181 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 478DU UT WOS:000268568800009 ER PT J AU Shimizu, M Cooper, KA Dickhoff, WW Beckman, BR AF Shimizu, Munetaka Cooper, Kathleen A. Dickhoff, Walton W. Beckman, Brian R. TI Postprandial changes in plasma growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding proteins in coho salmon fasted for varying periods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fasting; refeeding; growth; metabolism ID FACTOR-I; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; METABOLIC-REGULATION; LATES-CALCARIFER; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SERUM; FISH; GLUCAGON AB Shimizu M, Cooper KA, Dickhoff WW, Beckman BR. Postprandial changes in plasma growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding proteins in coho salmon fasted for varying periods. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R352-R361, 2009. First published May 27, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90939.2008.-We examined postprandial changes in circulating growth hormone (GH), insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in yearling coho salmon under different feeding regimes. Fish were initially fasted for 1 day, 1 wk, or 3 wk. Fasted fish were then fed, and blood was collected at 4-h intervals over 26 h. After the various periods of fasting, basal levels of insulin were relatively constant, whereas those of IGF-I, IGFBPs and GH changed in proportion to the duration of the fast. A single meal caused a rapid, large increase in the circulating insulin levels, but the degree of the increase was influenced by the fasting period. IGF-I showed a moderate increase 2 h after the meal but only in the regularly fed fish. Plasma levels of 41-kDa IGFBP were increased in all groups within 6 h after the single meal. The fasting period did not influence the response of 41-kDa IGFBP to the meal. IGFBP-1 and GH decreased after the meal to the same extent among groups regardless of the fasting period. The present study shows that insulin and IGF-I respond differently to long (weeks)- and short (hours)-term nutritional changes in salmon; insulin maintains its basal level but changes acutely in response to food intake, whereas IGF-I adjusts its basal levels to the long-term nutritional status and is less responsive to acute nutritional input. IGFBPs maintain their sensitivity to food intake, even after prolonged fasting, suggesting their critical role in the nutritional regulation of salmon growth. C1 [Shimizu, Munetaka; Dickhoff, Walton W.; Beckman, Brian R.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Shimizu, Munetaka; Cooper, Kathleen A.; Dickhoff, Walton W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shimizu, M (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. EM mune@fish.hokudai.ac.jp FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries; U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2003-35206-13631]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX This project was supported by an internal grant from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries; National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2003-35206-13631 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; and a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 297 IS 2 BP R352 EP R361 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.90939.2008 PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 473DW UT WOS:000268187100013 PM 19474388 ER PT J AU Schwacke, LH Hall, AJ Townsend, FI Wells, RS Hansen, LJ Hohn, AA Bossart, GD Fair, PA Rowles, TK AF Schwacke, Lori H. Hall, Ailsa J. Townsend, Forrest I. Wells, Randall S. Hansen, Larry J. Hohn, Aleta A. Bossart, Gregory D. Fair, Patricia A. Rowles, Teresa K. TI Hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals for free-ranging common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and variation in the distributions of clinicopathologic values related to geographic sampling site SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; REFERENCE LIMITS; REFERENCE RANGES; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MARINE MAMMALS; ATLANTIC; SUBGROUPS AB Objective-To develop robust reference intervals for hematologic and serum biochemical variables by use of data derived from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and examine potential variation in distributions of clinicopathologic values related to sampling sites' geographic locations. Animals-255 free-ranging bottlenose dolphins. Procedures-Data from samples collected during multiple bottlenose dolphin capture-release projects conducted at 4 southeastern US coastal locations in 2000 through 2006 were combined to determine reference intervals for 52 clinicopathologic variables. A nonparametric bootstrap approach was applied to estimate 95th percentiles and associated 90% confidence intervals; the need for partitioning by length and sex classes was determined by testing for differences in estimated thresholds with a bootstrap method. When appropriate, quantile regression was used to determine continuous functions for 95th percentiles dependent on length. The proportion of out-of-range samples for all clinicopathologic measurements was examined for each geographic site, and multivariate ANOVA was applied to further explore variation in leukocyte subgroups. Results-A need for partitioning by length and sex classes was indicated for many clinicopathologic variables. For each geographic site, few significant deviations from expected number of out-of-range samples were detected. Although mean leukocyte counts did not vary among sites, differences in the mean counts for leukocyte subgroups were identified. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Although differences in the centrality of distributions for some variables were detected, the 95th percentiles estimated from the pooled data were robust and applicable across geographic sites. The derived reference intervals provide critical information for conducting bottlenose dolphin population health studies. (Am J Vet Res 2009;70:973-985) C1 [Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hall, Ailsa J.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Hansen, Larry J.; Hohn, Aleta A.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 24946 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schwacke, LH (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RI Hall, Ailsa/E-1596-2011; Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 70 IS 8 BP 973 EP 985 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 478SM UT WOS:000268608600005 PM 19645578 ER PT J AU Schantz, M Zeisler, R AF Schantz, Michele Zeisler, Rolf TI Sediment Standard Reference Materials SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article C1 [Schantz, Michele; Zeisler, Rolf] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schantz, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 IS 9 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 641JL UT WOS:000281121300008 ER PT J AU Andrews, KS Williams, GD Farrer, D Tolimieri, N Harvey, CJ Bargmann, G Levin, PS AF Andrews, Kelly S. Williams, Greg D. Farrer, Debbie Tolimieri, Nick Harvey, Chris J. Bargmann, Greg Levin, Phillip S. TI Diel activity patterns of sixgill sharks, Hexanchus griseus: the ups and downs of an apex predator SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE acoustic telemetry; apex predator; diel pattern; foraging activity; Hexanchus griseus; sixgill shark; vertical movement ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; VERTICAL MIGRATION; PUGET-SOUND; SOMNIOSUS-MICROCEPHALUS; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; ALOPIAS-SUPERCILIOSUS; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; ENDOGENOUS RHYTHMS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; ACOUSTIC TRACKING AB The activity patterns for most animals are determined through a trade-off among competing processes, such as foraging behaviour, predator or competitor avoidance, and maintaining bioenergetic efficiency. We used active and passive acoustic telemetry to examine what processes may contribute to diel and seasonal patterns of vertical movement in 27 sixgill sharks in Puget Sound, WA, U.S.A., from December 2005 to December 2007. We found clear and consistent patterns of diel activity; sixgill sharks were typically shallower and more active at night than during the day. In Elliott Bay, WA, sixgill sharks made direct vertical movements at sunrise and sunset, while vertical movements were more variable in deeper, main channel waters. The greatest rates of ascent and descent in sixgill sharks occurred most often during night-time ebb tides. Seasonally, sixgill sharks occupied deeper habitats during the autumn and winter than during spring and were most active in the autumn. We also found synchronous vertical movements in three of four shark pairs tracked simultaneously, evidence that these sharks were responding to similar stimuli. Clear and consistent patterns of diel activity throughout the year across size and sex of sharks and across multiple spatial scales is most consistent with the hypothesis that foraging behaviour is responsible for the patterns of diel vertical movement of sixgill sharks in Puget Sound. The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Andrews, Kelly S.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Farrer, Debbie; Bargmann, Greg] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Fish Program, Olympia, WA USA. RP Andrews, KS (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kelly.andrews@noaa.gov OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 FU Science for Ecosystem-based Management program at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries FX We thank the crewmembers of the F/V Chasina for the safe collection of sharks in November 2005 and the crewmembers of the R/V Harold Streeter for the collection of all other sharks. We thank all those research groups who have supplied us with VR2 data, specifically F. Goetz, S. Tezak and M. Petrie. The United States Coast Guard provided permission to mount our acoustic receivers on aids to navigation, which made the passive monitoring possible. We also thank the many volunteers who spent countless hours driving in circles following these sharks, speci. cally A. Buettner, P. Chittaro, J. Christensen, J. Hollander, S. Katz, S. Larson and J. Rupp. Funding for this research was provided from base funds of the Science for Ecosystem-based Management program at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries. NR 70 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 78 IS 2 BP 525 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.05.027 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 482QD UT WOS:000268902900038 ER PT J AU Lowhorn, ND Wong-Ng, W Lu, ZQ Thomas, E Otani, M Green, M Dilley, N Sharp, J Tran, TN AF Lowhorn, Nathan D. Wong-Ng, W. Lu, Z. Q. Thomas, E. Otani, M. Green, M. Dilley, N. Sharp, J. Tran, T. N. TI Development of a Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID 2 CANDIDATE MATERIALS AB We have successfully developed a Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material (SRM((TM))), Bi(2)Te(3), that is crucial for inter-laboratory data comparison and for instrument calibration. Certification measurements were performed using two different techniques on 10 samples randomly selected from a batch of 390 bars. The certified Seebeck coefficient values are provided from 10 to 390 K. The availability of this SRM will validate the measurement accuracy, leading to a better understanding of the structure/property relationships, and the underlying physics of new and improved thermoelectric materials. An overview of the measurement techniques and data analysis is given. C1 [Lowhorn, Nathan D.; Wong-Ng, W.; Thomas, E.; Otani, M.; Green, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, Z. Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dilley, N.] Quantum Design, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Tran, T. N.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s00339-009-5191-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 459IO UT WOS:000267095400035 ER PT J AU Halter, M Almeida, JL Tona, A Cole, KD Plant, AL Elliott, JT AF Halter, Michael Almeida, Jamie L. Tona, Alessandro Cole, Kenneth D. Plant, Anne L. Elliott, John T. TI A Mechanistically Relevant Cytotoxicity Assay Based on the Detection of Cellular GFP SO ASSAY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; SHIGA TOXIN; RICIN; CYCLOHEXIMIDE; INACTIVATION; VITRO AB Cell-based assays for measuring ribosome inhibition by proteins such as the plant toxin ricin are important for characterizing decontamination strategies and developing detection technologies for field use. We report here an assay for ricin that provides a response that is relevant to the mechanism of ricin activity and permits a much faster readout than the commonly used assays for cytotoxicity. The assay relies on the response of an engineered reporter cell line that was produced by stably transfecting Vero cells to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The results of the GFP-based assay were compared with the assay results from three commercially available cytotoxicity assays. The GFP assay reports a sensitive response to ricin after 6 h of treatment while the other assays require a 24-h incubation. Unlike the other assays, monitoring cellular GFP on a per-cell basis allows detection of reduced ribosome activity before significant cell death occurs, and the results are not convoluted by the numbers of cells being assayed. C1 [Halter, Michael; Cole, Kenneth D.; Plant, Anne L.; Elliott, John T.] NIST, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Halter, M (reprint author), NIST, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr MS 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.halter@nist.gov RI Halter, Michael/F-9795-2011 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-658X J9 ASSAY DRUG DEV TECHN JI ASSAY DRUG DEV. TECHNOL. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 7 IS 4 DI 10.1089/adt.2009.0192 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 484UE UT WOS:000269072200003 PM 19530892 ER PT J AU Qin, MH Belarbi, R Ait-Mokhtar, A Allard, F AF Qin, Menghao Belarbi, Rafik Ait-Mokhtar, Abdelkarim Allard, Francis TI Simulation of coupled heat and moisture transfer in air-conditioned buildings SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Heat and moisture transfer; Simulation; Building energy AB The simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in the building envelope has an important influence on the indoor environment and the overall performance of buildings. In this paper, a model for predicting whole building heat and moisture transfer was presented. Both heat and moisture transfer in the building envelope and indoor air were simultaneously considered; their interactions were modeled. The coupled model takes into account most of the main hygrothermal effects in buildings. The coupled system model was implemented in MATLAB-Simulink, and validated by using a series of published testing tools. The new program was applied to investigate the moisture transfer effect on indoor air humidity and building energy consumption under different climates. The results show that the use of more detailed simulation routines can result in improvements to the building's design for energy optimisation through the choice of proper hygroscopic materials, which would not be indicated by simpler calculation techniques. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qin, Menghao] Nanjing Univ, Sch Architecture, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Qin, Menghao] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Belarbi, Rafik; Ait-Mokhtar, Abdelkarim; Allard, Francis] La Rochelle Univ, LEPTAB, La Rochelle, France. RP Qin, MH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mqin@nist.gov RI Qin, Menghao/B-4634-2017; OI Qin, Menghao/0000-0002-9020-6218; BELARBI, Rafik/0000-0003-4662-2094 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 624 EP 631 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2008.12.006 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 464CX UT WOS:000267483700011 ER PT J AU Filippa, G Freppaz, M Williams, MW Helmig, D Liptzin, D Seok, B Hall, B Chowanski, K AF Filippa, Gianluca Freppaz, Michele Williams, Mark W. Helmig, Detlev Liptzin, Daniel Seok, Brian Hall, Brad Chowanski, Kurt TI Winter and summer nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxides fluxes from a seasonally snow-covered subalpine meadow at Niwot Ridge, Colorado SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Denitrification; Nitrification; Nitrogen oxides; Nitrous oxide; Snowpack; Soil biogeochemistry ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS NITROGEN; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; N2O EMISSIONS; CO2; CH4; DYNAMICS; METHANE; AVAILABILITY AB The soil emission rates (fluxes) of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and nitrogen oxides (NO + NO(2) = NO (x) ) through a seasonal snowpack were determined by a flux gradient method from near-continuous 2-year measurements using an automated system for sampling interstitial air at various heights within the snowpack from a subalpine site at Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The winter seasonal-averaged N(2)O fluxes of 0.047-0.069 nmol m(-2) s(-1) were similar to 15 times higher than observed NO (x) fluxes of 0.0030-0.0067 nmol m(-2) s(-1). During spring N(2)O emissions first peaked and then dropped sharply as the soil water content increased from the release of snowpack meltwater, while other gases, including NO (x) and CO(2) did not show this behavior. To compare and contrast the winter fluxes with snow-free conditions, N(2)O fluxes were also measured at the same site in the summers of 2006 and 2007 using a closed soil chamber method. Summer N(2)O fluxes followed a decreasing trend during the dry-out period after snowmelt, interrupted by higher values related to precipitation events. These peaks were up to 2-3 times higher than the background summer levels. The integrated N(2)O-N loss over the summer period was calculated to be 1.1-2.4 kg N ha(-1), compared to similar to 0.24-0.34 kg N ha(-1) for the winter season. These wintertime N(2)O fluxes from subniveal soil are generally higher than the few previously published data. These results are of the same order of magnitude as data from more productive ecosystems such as fertilized grasslands and high-N-cycling forests, most likely because of a combination of the relatively well-developed soils and the fact that subnivean biogeochemical processes are promoted by the deep, insulating snowpack. Hence, microbially mediated oxidized nitrogen emissions occurring during the winter can be a significant part of the N-cycle in seasonally snow-covered subalpine ecosystems. C1 [Filippa, Gianluca; Freppaz, Michele] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Valorizzaz & Protez Risorse Agrofore, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. [Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Mark W.; Helmig, Detlev; Liptzin, Daniel; Seok, Brian; Chowanski, Kurt] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liptzin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seok, Brian] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hall, Brad] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Filippa, G (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Valorizzaz & Protez Risorse Agrofore, Via L Da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. EM gianluca.filippa@unito.it RI Seok, Brian/K-6712-2012 OI Seok, Brian/0000-0002-4513-3224 FU National Science Foundation [NSF DEB0423662, OPP-0240976]; University of Torino FX Research at NWT has been funded by a Long-Term Ecological Research grant from the National Science Foundation ( award # NSF DEB0423662) and by NSF grant OPP-0240976. Field research activities by Gianluca Filippa were supported by a scholarship from the University of Torino, Di. Va. P. R. A. - Agrochemistry and Pedology, and INSTAAR. NR 59 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 131 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s10533-009-9304-1 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 462XC UT WOS:000267390600009 ER PT J AU Magel, CR Shields, JD Brill, RW AF Magel, Christopher R. Shields, Jeffrey D. Brill, Richard W. TI Idiopathic Lesions and Visual Deficits in the American Lobster (Homarus americanus) From Long Island Sound, NY SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS L.; NORWAY LOBSTER; PENAEUS-MONODON; RETINAL DAMAGE; EYE; LIGHT; SENSITIVITY; ADAPTATION; METHOPRENE; MANGANESE AB In 1999, a mass mortality of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) occurred in western Long Island Sound (WLIS). Although the etiology of this event remains unknown, bottom water temperature, hypoxia, heavy metal poisoning, and pesticides are potential causal factors. Lobsters from WLIS continue to display signs of morbidity, including lethargy and cloudy grey eyes that contain idiopathic lesions. As the effect of these lesions on lobster vision is unknown, we used electroretinography (ERG) to document changes in visual function in lobsters from WLIS, while using histology to quantify the extent of physical damage. Seventy-three percent of lobsters from WLIS showed damage to photoreceptors and optic nerve fibers, including necrosis, cellular breakdown, and hemocyte infiltration in the optic nerves, rhabdoms, and ommatidia. Animals with more than 15% of their photoreceptors exhibiting damage also displayed markedly reduced responses to 10-ms flashes of a broad-spectrum white light. Specifically, maximum voltage (Vmax) responses were significantly lower and occurred at a lower light intensity compared to responses from lobsters lacking idiopathic lesions. Nearly a decade after the 1999 mortality event, lobsters from WLIS still appear to be subjected to a stressor of unknown etiology that causes significant functional damage to the eyes. C1 [Magel, Christopher R.; Shields, Jeffrey D.; Brill, Richard W.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Shields, JD (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jeff@vims.edu FU New England Lobster Research Initiative [NMFS NA06NMF4720100]; Virginia Institute of Marine Science FX This project was funded by the New England Lobster Research Initiative (NMFS NA06NMF4720100) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. The authors gratefully acknowledge K. Wheeler for assisting with histological preparation and animal husbandry. This is contribution 3007 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 217 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 485CE UT WOS:000269097400010 PM 19679726 ER PT J AU Vroom, PS Asher, J Braun, CL Coccagna, E Vetter, OJ Cover, WA McCully, KM Potts, DC Marie, A Vanderlip, C AF Vroom, Peter S. Asher, Jacob Braun, Cristi L. Coccagna, Edmund Vetter, Oliver J. Cover, Wendy A. McCully, Kristin M. Potts, Donald C. Marie, Amarisa Vanderlip, Cynthia TI Macroalgal (Boodlea composita) bloom at Kure and Midway Atolls, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article DE Boodlea composita; coral; Hawaii; macroalgae; monk seal AB The first recorded macroalgal bloom to occur at Kure and Midway Atolls in the highly protected Northwestern Hawaiian Islands was observed during summer 2008 on shallow water reefs. The native green macroalga Boodlea composita formed dense mats centimeters in thickness in select areas and formed decomposing masses on beaches at Kure Atoll. Mild oceanographic conditions during winter 2008 likely weakened lagoonal flushing systems, and when coupled with weeks of low wind and warm sea surface temperatures during the proceeding summer months, physical conditions within the lagoons of each atoll fostered rapid growth of this normally non-blooming alga. C1 [Vroom, Peter S.; Asher, Jacob; Braun, Cristi L.; Coccagna, Edmund; Vetter, Oliver J.] NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Cover, Wendy A.; McCully, Kristin M.; Potts, Donald C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Marie, Amarisa; Vanderlip, Cynthia] Univ Hawaii, Corp Res, Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Vroom, PS (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Vroom@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Mitsubishi Corporation (Tokyo)'s Global Coral Reef Conservation Project; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge; Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument [MNM-2008-062, PMNM-2008-056] FX We wish to thank the crew of the NOAA Ship Hiialakai and the staff on Midway Atoll for field support. Funding to NOAA's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) for scientific expeditions to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands was provided through NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. Funding for UCSC research on Midway was provided by the Mitsubishi Corporation (Tokyo)'s Global Coral Reef Conservation Project, with substantial support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. All CRED and UCSC activities were covered by permits PMNM-2008-062 and PMNM-2008-056 from the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PD AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1515/BOT.2009.001 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 480QL UT WOS:000268751800008 ER PT J AU Ma, J da Silva, SC Levine, A Yang, Y Fuentes, P Zhou, L Tu, CC Hu, J Jayawardena, IMS Pessi, A Carlis, D AF Ma, Jian da Silva, Sara C. Levine, Aaron Yang, Yang Fuentes, Paul Zhou, Li Tu, Chuan-Chi Hu, Jia Jayawardena, I. M. Shiromani Pessi, Antti Carlis, Dana TI Student-Proposed Cruise Captured Wakes of Oahu and Kauai Islands SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS AB A four-day educational cruise navigated around the leeward side of Oahu and Kauai to observe the thermodynamic and dynamic features of the trade-wind wakes of these small islands by using weather balloons and other onboard atmospheric and oceanographic sensors. This cruise was proposed, designed, and implemented completely by graduate students from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii. The data collected during the cruise show, for the first time, strong sea/land breezes during day/night and their thermal effects on the island wake. This cruise provided the students with a significant, valuable, and meaningful opportunity to experience the complete process of proposing and undertaking field observations, as well as analyzing data and writing a scientific article. C1 [Ma, Jian; da Silva, Sara C.; Levine, Aaron; Fuentes, Paul; Zhou, Li; Tu, Chuan-Chi; Hu, Jia; Jayawardena, I. M. Shiromani; Pessi, Antti] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Yang, Yang] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Carlis, Dana] Natl Weather Serv, Honolulu Forecast Off, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Ma, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, HIG 373,2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM JianMa@Hawaii.edu RI Ma, Jian/K-5228-2013; zhou, li/E-9127-2012; zhou, li/A-5669-2015 OI Ma, Jian/0000-0002-9091-2040; zhou, li/0000-0003-3050-9097; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1073 EP + DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2551.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500AK UT WOS:000270269100003 ER PT J AU Zipser, EJ Twohy, CH Tsay, SC Thornhill, KL Tanelli, S Ross, R Krishnamurti, TN Ji, Q Jenkins, G Ismail, S Hsu, NC Hood, R Heymsfield, GM Heymsfield, A Halverson, J Goodman, HM Ferrare, R Dunion, JP Douglas, M Cifelli, R Chen, G Browell, EV Anderson, B AF Zipser, Edward J. Twohy, Cynthia H. Tsay, Si-Chee Thornhill, K. Lee Tanelli, Simone Ross, Robert Krishnamurti, T. N. Ji, Q. Jenkins, Gregory Ismail, Syed Hsu, N. Christina Hood, Robbie Heymsfield, Gerald M. Heymsfield, Andrew Halverson, Jeffrey Goodman, H. Michael Ferrare, Richard Dunion, Jason P. Douglas, Michael Cifelli, Robert Chen, Gao Browell, Edward V. Anderson, Bruce TI THE SAHARAN AIR LAYER AND THE FATE OF AFRICAN EASTERLY WAVES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COUNTERFLOW VIRTUAL IMPACTOR; TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; DUST EXPERIMENT SHADE; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; C-130 AIRCRAFT; DESERT DUST; PHASE-III; ATLANTIC; DISTURBANCES AB In 2006, NASA led a field campaign to investigate the factors that control the fate of African easterly waves (AEWs) moving westward into the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Aircraft and surface-based equipment were based on Cape Verde's islands, helping to fill some of the data void between Africa and the Caribbean. Taking advantage of the international African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) program over the continent, the NASA-AMMA (NAMMA) program used enhanced upstream data, whereas NOAA aircraft farther west in the Atlantic studied several of the storms downstream. Seven AEWs were studied during AMMA, with at least two becoming tropical cyclones. Some of the waves that did not develop while being sampled near Cape Verde likely intensified in the central Atlantic instead. NAMMA observations were able to distinguish between the large-scale wave structure and the smaller-scale vorticity maxima that often form within the waves. A special complication of the east Atlantic environment is the Saharan air layer (SAL), which frequently accompanies the AEWs and may introduce dry air and heavy aerosol loading into the convective storm systems in the AEWs. One of the main achievements of NAMMA was the acquisition of a database of remote sensing and in situ observations of the properties of the SAL, enabling dynamic models and satellite retrieval algorithms to be evaluated against high-quality real data. Ongoing research with this database will help determine how the SAL influences cloud micro-physics and perhaps also tropical cyclogenesis, as well as the more general question of recognizing the properties of small-scale vorticity maxima within tropical waves that are more likely to become tropical cyclones. C1 [Zipser, Edward J.] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Twohy, Cynthia H.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tsay, Si-Chee; Hsu, N. Christina; Heymsfield, Gerald M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thornhill, K. Lee] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Tanelli, Simone] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ross, Robert; Krishnamurti, T. N.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Ji, Q.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jenkins, Gregory] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Ismail, Syed; Ferrare, Richard; Chen, Gao; Browell, Edward V.; Anderson, Bruce] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hood, Robbie; Goodman, H. Michael] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Heymsfield, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Halverson, Jeffrey] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Dunion, Jason P.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Douglas, Michael] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Cifelli, Robert] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Zipser, EJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM ed.zipser@utah.edu RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014 OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569; NR 46 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1137 EP 1156 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2728.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500AK UT WOS:000270269100008 ER PT J AU Cope, JM Punt, AE AF Cope, Jason M. Punt, Andre E. TI Drawing the lines: resolving fishery management units with simple fisheries data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-STENOLEPIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-MELANOPS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONSERVATION; GENETICS; DYNAMICS AB The task of assessing marine resources should begin with defining management units. Often this step is overlooked or defined at temporal scales irrelevant to management needs. Additionally, traditional methods to define stock structure can be data intensive and (or) cost prohibitive and thus not available for emerging or data-limited fisheries. We present an approach that uses commonly available fisheries data (catch and effort) to delineate management units for dynamically independent populations. Spatially explicit standardized indices of abundance are grouped using a two-step partitioning cluster analysis that includes abundance index uncertainty. This "management unit estimator'' is tested via simulation and found generally to recover the true number of management units across data of different temporal length, sample size, and quality. Management units are then determined for four species with varying ecologies, fishery histories, and data issues that exemplify the challenges of applying this method to messy data sets. Defining management units via relative abundance incorporates changes in population connectivity in relation to current removals and environmental conditions and creates consistency of index use within assessments. The two-step clustering approach is simple and widely applicable to situations wherein the clustering metric contains uncertainty. C1 [Cope, Jason M.] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Cope, Jason M.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cope, JM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jason.cope@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 88 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1256 EP 1273 DI 10.1139/F09-084 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 488FY UT WOS:000269335800005 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Moore, D Hogan, F AF Friedland, Kevin D. Moore, David Hogan, Fiona TI Retrospective growth analysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Miramichi River, Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; LONG-TERM CHANGES; PACIFIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; NORTH-AMERICAN; SEXUAL-MATURATION; MARINE-PHASE; BERING-SEA; BALTIC SEA AB We have developed a multidecadal retrospective growth history for the principal sea-age groups of the Miramichi River population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that characterizes freshwater growth and marine growth partitioned on a number of different time scales. Based on precedent with European salmon, we tested whether postsmolt growth was positively correlated with recruitment, assuming that growth during the postsmolt year mediates predation mortality. We found no such correlation in the Miramichi postsmolt growth pattern and instead found evidence of a negative correlation between growth and recruitment established by the second month that the fish were at sea. This negative correlation was interpreted as a density-dependant response of the population to recruitment determined early in the marine phase. There was inconsistent evidence that smolt size, as represented by freshwater zone length of the scale, influenced the pattern of recruitment. Finally, we found systematic differences between one-sea-winter (1SW) and 2SW returns related to greater postsmolt growth and, in particular, greater winter growth experienced by fish maturing after the first sea-winter. These data are consistent with findings relating climate variability during the months after smolts migrate to sea and recruitment variability, suggesting that the mortality is a short-duration event independent of growth conditions. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Moore, David] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. [Hogan, Fiona] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 61 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1294 EP 1308 DI 10.1139/F09-077 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 488FY UT WOS:000269335800008 ER PT J AU Henkensiefken, R Bentz, D Nantung, T Weiss, J AF Henkensiefken, Ryan Bentz, Dale Nantung, Tommy Weiss, Jason TI Volume change and cracking in internally cured mixtures made with saturated lightweight aggregate under sealed and unsealed conditions SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Internal curing; Autogenous shrinkage; Lightweight aggregates; Shrinkage cracking; Restrained shrinkage; Unrestrained shrinkage ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE; PORTLAND-CEMENT PASTE; AUTOGENOUS DEFORMATION; WATER; SHRINKAGE; PERMEABILITY; STRENGTH AB Low water to cement ratio (w/c) concrete exhibits increased occurrences of early-age shrinkage cracking. These occurrences have spawned innovative developments in concrete mixture design that reduce the risk of cracking. One such development is internal curing, which utilizes the inclusion of saturated lightweight aggregate (SLWA). The SLWA supplies additional moisture to cement paste as it hydrates thereby counteracting the effects of self-desiccation. This paper presents results from a study that examined mortar systems with different volumes of SLWA under sealed and unsealed conditions. Specifically, the results indicate the influence of SLWA volume and type on the internal humidity, autogenous shrinkage, and restrained shrinkage cracking behavior. The performance of each system is shown to be related to the cavitation of vapor-filled space in the paste, the SLWA spacing, and the pore structure of the paste in relation to the LWA. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Henkensiefken, Ryan; Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Bentz, Dale] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nantung, Tommy] Indiana Dept Transportat, Off Res & Dev, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Weiss, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM wjweiss@purdue.edu OI Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 FU Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University [SPR 3211]; Center for Advanced Cement Based Materials; Northeast Solite Corporation and Hydraulic Press Brick Company FX This work was supported in part by the joint Transportation Research Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University (Project SPR 3211). The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein, and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration and the Indiana Department of Transportation, nor do the contents constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The authors gratefully acknowledge support received from the Center for Advanced Cement Based Materials as well as material supplied by Northeast Solite Corporation and Hydraulic Press Brick Company. NR 48 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 31 IS 7 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.04.003 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 477MQ UT WOS:000268523600001 ER PT J AU Liu, E Treiser, MD Patel, H Sung, HJ Roskov, KE Kohn, J Becker, ML Moghe, PV AF Liu, Er Treiser, Matthew D. Patel, Hiral Sung, Hak-Joon Roskov, Kristen E. Kohn, Joachim Becker, Matthew L. Moghe, Prabhas V. TI High-Content Profiling of Cell Responsiveness to Graded Substrates Based on Combinatorially Variant Polymers SO COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE-DERIVED POLYCARBONATES; ACTIN STRESS FIBERS; DEGRADABLE BIOMATERIALS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; PROTEIN; PROLIFERATION; RHO; CYTOSKELETON; CHEMISTRY; SURFACES AB We have developed a novel approach combining high information and high throughput analysis to characterize cell adhesive responses to biomaterial substrates possessing gradients in surface topography. These gradients were fabricated by subjecting thin film blends of tyrosine-derived polycarbonates, i.e. poly(DTE carbonate) and poly(DTO carbonate) to a gradient temperature annealing protocol. Saos-2 cells engineered with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter for farnesylation (GFP-f) were cultured on the gradient substrates to assess the effects of nanoscale surface topology and roughness that arise during the phase separation process on cell attachment and adhesion strength. The high throughput imaging approach allowed us to rapidly identify the "global" and "high content" structure-property relationships between cell adhesion and biomaterial properties such as polymer chemistry and topography. This study found that cell attachment and spreading increased monotonically with DTE content and were significantly elevated at the position with intermediate regions corresponding to the highest "gradient" of surface roughness, while GFP-f farnesylation intensity descriptors were sensitively altered by surface roughness, even in cells with comparable levels of spreading. C1 [Liu, Er; Treiser, Matthew D.; Patel, Hiral; Moghe, Prabhas V.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sung, Hak-Joon; Kohn, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Moghe, Prabhas V.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Roskov, Kristen E.; Becker, Matthew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moghe, PV (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM moghe@rutgers.edu RI Liu, Er/H-8441-2012 OI Liu, Er/0000-0001-7858-1333 FU NIH [P41 EB001046]; NSF [DGE 0333196]; New Jersey Center for Biomaterials; NSF NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship ( KER); Equipment Lease Fund; Strategic Resource Opportunity Award; Academic Excellence Fund at Rutgers University FX We acknowledge Dr. Robert Dubin's assistance with the cell transfection studies; pEGFP-f was a gift from Danny Reinberg ( Rutgers University). This work was supported by NIH grant no. P41 EB001046 ( RESBIO; Integrated Resources for Polymeric Materials), NSF grant no. DGE 0333196 ( IGERT on Biointerfaces), and the New Jersey Center for Biomaterials. The authors gratefully acknowledge a NSF NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship ( KER). Additional support was received from Equipment Lease Fund, Strategic Resource Opportunity Award, and Academic Excellence Fund at Rutgers University. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1386-2073 J9 COMB CHEM HIGH T SCR JI Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen PD AUG PY 2009 VL 12 IS 7 BP 646 EP 655 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Applied; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 482UT UT WOS:000268915000002 PM 19531022 ER PT J AU Antonopoulou, E Swanson, P Borg, B AF Antonopoulou, Efthimia Swanson, Penny Borg, Bertil TI Effects of aromatase inhibitors and different doses of testosterone on gonadotropins in one year old male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Aromatase inhibitor; FSH; LH; Teleost; Testosterone; Reproductive endocrinology ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; BETA-SUBUNIT GENE; RAINBOW-TROUT; MALE PARR; PITUITARY GONADOTROPIN; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; PLASMA-LEVELS; SEX STEROIDS AB The effects of different doses of testosterone (T), the aromatase inhibitors 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) and 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (4OH), and the combined treatment of T and ATD on luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at the onset of puberty in juvenile Atlantic salmon males were investigated. T always increased pituitary LH. Also, ATD increased pituitary LH, though to a lesser extent than T. However, ATD combined with T diminished pituitary LH levels compared to T alone, indicating an aromatase-dependent positive feedback of T on LH in immature males. 4OH, which was less effective than ATD as an aromatase inhibitor, increased LH content. ATD treatment resulted in increased pituitary FSH levels, similar to those of mature controls. Positive effects of ATD on plasma FSH were found, indicating the presence of an aromatase-dependent negative feedback. The 4OH effects on FSH levels were inconsistent. T exerted both positive and negative effects on pituitary FSH and testes growth, depending on dose and season, with the positive effects being more pronounced with the low doses and the negative effects with the high doses. The treatment of T combined with ATD did not affect the positive effect of T alone on pituitary and plasma FSH, indicating the presence of an aromatase-independent positive feedback on FSH. There was a positive correlation between FSH and gonadosomatic index, especially during summer when gonadal development occurs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Antonopoulou, Efthimia] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Sci, Dept Biol, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Swanson, Penny] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Borg, Bertil] Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Antonopoulou, E (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Sci, Dept Biol, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. EM eantono@bio.auth.gr RI Antonopoulou, Efthimia/N-4233-2015; OI Antonopoulou, Efthimia/0000-0003-4565-6962 FU Swedish Natural Science Research Council FX The present work was financially supported by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council (to B.B.). The authors wish to thank the staffs at the Kvistforsen salmon hatchery and at the Fisheries Research Station at Alvkarleby for supplying and taking care of fish. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 153 IS 4 BP 408 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.03.019 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 460AZ UT WOS:000267158400007 PM 19345741 ER PT J AU Kuhn, R Kacker, R Lei, Y Hunter, J AF Kuhn, Rick Kacker, Raghu Lei, Yu Hunter, Justin TI Combinatorial Software Testing SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kacker, Raghu] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX USA. EM kuhn@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; ylei@cse.uta.edu; justin.x.hunter@hexawise.com NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2009 VL 42 IS 8 BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 481QL UT WOS:000268826300022 ER PT J AU Gallagher, L Offutt, J AF Gallagher, Leonard Offutt, Jeff TI Test Sequence Generation For Integration Testing Of Component Software(1) SO COMPUTER JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Workshop on Automation of Software Test CY 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE DE software testing; object-oriented; component integration; test generation ID DATA-FLOW; SELECTION; ADEQUACY; CRITERIA AB Ensuring high object interoperability is a goal of integration testing for object-oriented (OO) software. When messages are sent, objects that receive them should respond as intended. Ensuring this is especially difficult when software uses components that are developed by different vendors, in different languages, and the implementation sources are not all available. A finite state machines model of inter-operating OO classes was presented in a previous paper. The previous paper presented details of the method and empirical results from an automatic tool. This paper presents additional details about the tool itself, including how test sequences are generated, how several difficult problems were solved and the introduction of new capabilities to help automate the transformation of test specifications into executable test cases. Although the test method is not 100% automated, it represents a fresh approach to automated testing. It follows accepted theoretical procedures while operating directly on OO software specifications. This yields a data flow graph and executable test cases that adequately cover the graph according to classical graph coverage criteria. The tool supports specification-based testing and helps to bridge the gap between theory and practice. C1 [Offutt, Jeff] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Gallagher, Leonard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Offutt, J (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM offutt@gmu.edu NR 52 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0010-4620 EI 1460-2067 J9 COMPUT J JI Comput. J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 514 EP 529 DI 10.1093/comjnl/bxm093 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 475BK UT WOS:000268330600002 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Sutton, PC Ghosh, T Tuttle, BT Baugh, KE Bhaduri, B Bright, E AF Elvidge, Christopher D. Sutton, Paul C. Ghosh, Tilottama Tuttle, Benjamin T. Baugh, Kimberly E. Bhaduri, Budhendra Bright, Edward TI A global poverty map derived from satellite data SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Poverty; DMSP; Nighttime lights; World development indicators ID POPULATION; EMISSIONS AB A global poverty map has been produced at 30 arcsec resolution using a poverty index calculated by dividing population count (LandScan 2004) by the brightness of satellite observed lighting (DMSP nighttime lights). Inputs to the LandScan product include satellite-derived land cover and topography, plus human settlement outlines derived from high-resolution imagery. The poverty estimates have been calibrated using national level poverty data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) 2006 edition. The total estimate of the numbers of individuals living in poverty is 2.2 billion, slightly under the WDI estimate of 2.6 billion. We have demonstrated a new class of poverty map that should improve over time through the inclusion of new reference data for calibration of poverty estimates and as improvements are made in the satellite observation of human activities related to economic activity and technology access. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80205 USA. [Sutton, Paul C.; Ghosh, Tilottama; Tuttle, Benjamin T.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ghosh, Tilottama; Tuttle, Benjamin T.; Baugh, Kimberly E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bhaduri, Budhendra; Bright, Edward] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, US Dept Commerce, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80205 USA. EM chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; psutton@du.edu RI Sutton, Paul/A-6764-2013; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 OI Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256; FU NASA carbon cycle research program FX This study was funded in part by the NASA carbon cycle research program. NR 24 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 7 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1652 EP 1660 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2009.01.009 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 484ED UT WOS:000269025500010 ER PT J AU Stephenson, JJ Campbell, MR Hess, JE Kozfkay, C Matala, AP McPhee, MV Moran, P Narum, SR Paquin, MM Schlei, O Small, MP Van Doornik, DM Wenburg, JK AF Stephenson, Jeff J. Campbell, Matt R. Hess, Jon E. Kozfkay, Chris Matala, Andrew P. McPhee, Megan V. Moran, Paul Narum, Shawn R. Paquin, Melanie M. Schlei, Ora Small, Maureen P. Van Doornik, Donald M. Wenburg, John K. TI A centralized model for creating shared, standardized, microsatellite data that simplifies inter-laboratory collaboration SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; Standardization; Steelhead; Oncorhynchus mykiss ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; PACIFIC SALMON; MINISATELLITE LOCI; ATLANTIC SALMON AB We demonstrate an efficient model for standardizing microsatellite DNA data among laboratories studying Oncorhynchus mykiss. Eight laboratories standardized 13 microsatellite loci following allele nomenclature of a central laboratory (average inter-laboratory genotyping concordance > 98%). Following this central model, we have currently standardized 298 alleles from throughout the species native range. Although we focus here on O. mykiss, our experiences and recommendation apply equally to other broadly distributed species that may benefit from multi-laboratory collaborative data collection. C1 [Stephenson, Jeff J.; Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Campbell, Matt R.; Kozfkay, Chris] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. [Hess, Jon E.; Moran, Paul; Paquin, Melanie M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Matala, Andrew P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Abernathy, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [McPhee, Megan V.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Schlei, Ora; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Small, Maureen P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Div Sci, Fish Program, Conservat Biol Unit, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Stephenson, JJ (reprint author), Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM stej@critfc.org RI Hess, Jon/F-5124-2012 OI Hess, Jon/0000-0002-3643-202X NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1145 EP 1149 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9729-4 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 459LN UT WOS:000267104000056 ER PT J AU Gallagher, DT Smith, NN Kim, SK Robinson, H Reddy, PT AF Gallagher, D. Travis Smith, N. Natasha Kim, Sook-Kyung Robinson, Howard Reddy, Prasad T. TI Protein Crystal Engineering of YpAC-IV Using a Strategy of Excess Charge Reduction SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC DOMAIN; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; CRYSTALLIZATION; SOLUBILITY; REFINEMENT; INTEGRASE AB The class IV adenylyl cyclase from Yersinia pestis has been engineered by site-specific mutagenesis to facilitate crystallization at neutral pH, The wild-type enzyme crystallized only below pH 5, consistent with the observation of a carboxyl-carboxylate H bond in a crystal contact in the refined structure 2FJT. On the basis of that unliganded structure at 1.9 angstrom resolution, two different approaches were tested with the goal of producing a higher-pH crystal needed tor inhibitor complexation and mechanistic studies. In one approach, Asp 19, which forms the growth-limiting dicarboxyl contact in wild-type triclinic crystals. was modified to Ala and Asn in hopes of relieving the acid-dependence of that crystal form. In the other approach, wild-type residues Met 18, Glu 25, and Asp 55 were (individually) changed to lysine to reduce the protein's excess negative charge in hopes of enabling growth of new, higher-pH forms. These three sites were selected based on their high solvent exposure and lack of intraprotein interactions. The D19A and D19N mutants had reduced solubility and did not crystallize. The other three mutants all crystallized, producing several new forms at neutral pH. One of these forms, with the D55K mutant, enabled a product complex at 0.16 nm resolution. Structure 3GHX. This Structure Shows Why the new crystal Form required the mutation in order to grow at neutral pH. This approach could be useful in other cases where excess negative charge inhibits the crystallization of low-pI proteins. C1 [Gallagher, D. Travis; Smith, N. Natasha; Reddy, Prasad T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Sook-Kyung] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Bioanal, Taejon, South Korea. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gallagher, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gallaghe@umbi.umd.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NCRR) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Institutes of Health (NCRR) for data collected at NSLS beamline X29, and the technical and logistical assistance of Darwin Diaz and Dawn Rode of the Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology. Disclaimer: identification of specific instruments and products in this paper is solely to describe the scientific procedures and does not imply recommendation or endorsement. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3570 EP 3574 DI 10.1021/cg9003142 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 477RV UT WOS:000268537200034 PM 20160955 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Dennis, CL Shull, RD Walker, ARH AF Cheng, Guangjun Dennis, Cindi L. Shull, Robert D. Walker, A. R. Hight TI Probing the Growth and Aging of Colloidal Cobalt Nanocrystals: A Combined Study by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Magnetic Measurements SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CO NANOPARTICLES; TRANSITION-METAL; EXCHANGE BIAS; ASSEMBLIES; ANISOTROPY; STABILITY; CHEMISTRY; BEHAVIOR AB We have combined transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic measurements to probe the growth and aging of colloidal cobalt (Cc) nanocrystals and demonstrated that these two techniques together yield structure and property information in a manner that neither can do alone. During the growth, TEM shows the formation of Co nanocrystals (4.8 nm +/- 1.7 nm), while magnetic measurements indicate the presence of paramagnetic Co cluster complexes and weakly interacting Co nanocrystals. At the completion of the synthesis, TEM shows that the average size of the Co nanocrystals has increased, but with a narrower size distribution (10.5 nm +/- 1.0 nm). Meanwhile, magnetic measurements demonstrate the strong interactions between the Co nanocrystals. Exchange bias and increased coercivity are observed for the aged Co colloid under field-cooled conditions, indicating the existence of anti ferromagrictic/ferromagnetic (AFM/FM) coupling. High-resolution TEM confirms that AFM face-centered cubic cobalt(II) oxide grows on the Surface of the FM epsilon-Co nanocrystals, but this oxide layer is thin and inhomogeneous. These combined results suggest that not only the AFM/FM exchange Coupling within individual aged nanocrystal matters but also the strong magnetostatic coupling between the neighboring nanocrystals significantly contributes to the observed exchange bias. C1 [Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dennis, Cindi L.; Shull, Robert D.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, GJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3714 EP 3720 DI 10.1021/cg900426j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 477RV UT WOS:000268537200056 ER PT J AU Sweet, WV Morrison, JM Liu, Y Kamykowski, D Schaeffer, BA Xie, L Banks, S AF Sweet, W. V. Morrison, J. M. Liu, Y. Kamykowski, D. Schaeffer, B. A. Xie, L. Banks, S. TI Tropical instability wave interactions within the Galapagos Archipelago SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Tropical instability waves; Upwelling; Eastern equatorial pacific; Galapagos; Chlorophyll ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; EL-NINO; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; VERTICAL COORDINATE; PHYTOPLANKTON; SATELLITE; IRON AB The effects of tropical instability waves (TIW) within the eastern equatorial Pacific during the boreal fall of 2005 were observed in multiple data sets. The TIW cause oscillations of the sea surface temperature (SST), meridional currents (V), and 20 degrees C isotherm (thermocline). A particularly strong 3-wave packet of similar to 15-day period TIW passed through the Galapagos Archipelago in Sep and Oct 2005 and their effects were recorded by moored near-surface sensors. Repeat Argo profiles in the archipelago showed that the large temperature ( > 5 degrees C) oscillations that occurred were associated with a vertical adjustment within the water column. Numerical simulations report strong oscillations and upwelling magnitudes of similar to 5.0 m d(-1) near the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy at 0 degrees, 95 degrees W and in the Archipelago at 92 degrees W and 90 degrees W. A significant biological response to the TIW passage was observed within the archipelago. Chlorophyll a measured by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) increased by > 30% above 1998-2007 mean concentrations within the central archipelago. The increases coincide with coldest temperatures and the much larger increases within the archipelago as compared to those of 95 degrees W indicate that TIW induced upwelling over the island platform itself brought more iron-enriched upwelling waters into the euphotic zone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sweet, W. V.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Morrison, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Liu, Y.; Kamykowski, D.; Xie, L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schaeffer, B. A.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Banks, S.] Charles Darwin Res Stn, Galapagos Isl, Ecuador. RP Sweet, WV (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM William.Sweet@noaa.gov RI Liu, Yanyun/A-5785-2011 OI Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370 FU NASA's Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting [NNG04GL98G]; Counterpart US-AID [518-A-00-03-00152-00]; UK Darwin Initiative [14-048] FX This project was supported by NASA's Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting Grant NNG04GL98G, Counterpart US-AID no. 518-A-00-03-00152-00 to the Charles Darwin Research Station and UK Darwin Initiative Project no. 14-048. We would like to thank the Galdpagos National Park (GNP) Marine Resources Head Mario Piu, the GNP Science Coordinator Eduardo Espinoza, the GNP Science Consultant Godfrey Merlen, the captain and crew of the MIN Sierra Negra, and the scientific dive team from CDRS, Marianna Vera, Marco Tosca, Julio Delgado, Natalia Tirado, Roberto Pepolas, and Diego Ruiz. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1217 EP 1229 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.02.005 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 471WJ UT WOS:000268088700002 ER PT J AU Hewes, CD Reiss, CS Holm-Hansen, O AF Hewes, C. D. Reiss, C. S. Holm-Hansen, O. TI A quantitative analysis of sources for summertime phytoplankton variability over 18 years in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica) region SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; Iron; Upper mixed layer; Salinity; Antarctic; Climate; Gradient analysis ID NATURAL IRON-FERTILIZATION; WEDDELL-SCOTIA CONFLUENCE; EXPORT EXPERIMENT CROZEX; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; A MAXIMA DCMS; KERGUELEN PLATEAU; ELEPHANT ISLAND; DISSOLVED IRON; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; LIGHT INTERACTIONS AB Eighteen years of summertime hydrographic and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data (similar to 2700 stations) from the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica) region show that a "bell-shaped" (unimodal) distribution of phytoplankton biomass results annually when plotted against the inshore to offshore gradient in surface salinity. The maximum for this unimodal Chl-a distribution corresponds with a shallow upper mixed layer (UML) in iron-rich waters that occurs at salinities similar to 34. Methods of gradient analysis are used to distinguish sources of variability for bloom development among years. The control of phytoplankton biomass is resolved across the salinity gradient that separates the co-limiting conditions of deep UML depths and low-iron concentrations as opposing end-members. Chlorophyll-fluorescence yield data (a proxy for Fe-stress) showed that at salinities similar to 34, phytoplankton biomass was unlikely to be limited by Fe. Instead, blooming at salinities similar to 34 (1.3 +/- 1 mg Chl-a m(-3)) co-varied with shallow UML depths (41 +/- 19 m) that occurred as a function of higher UML temperature (1.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C) among years, and is evidence that atmospheric climate variability impacts summertime phytoplankton biomass and production in this Southern Ocean seascape. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hewes, C. D.; Holm-Hansen, O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Reiss, C. S.] NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hewes, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM chewes@ucsd.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1231]; NSF [OPP0230433, ANT0444134] FX This work was supported by the US AMLR program, administered by the Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Research Center. La Jolla, California, funded in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, under Grant NA17RJ1231 (O. Holm-Hansen), and NSF Office of Polar Programs Grant nos. OPP0230433 and ANT0444134 (G. Mitchell). We thank D. M. Karl and R. Fiedler for their solicited advice. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that improved this paper. Views contained herein are those of the authors and do not reflect those of NOAA, NSF, or any of their subsidiaries. NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1230 EP 1241 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.01.010 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 471WJ UT WOS:000268088700003 ER PT J AU Adair, BM Hughes, MF AF Adair, Blakely M. Hughes, Michael F. TI Role of Metabolism in Arsenic-induced Toxicity: Identification and Quantification of Arsenic Metabolites in Tissues and Excreta SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Asian Pacific Regional Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY MAY 10-12, 2009 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 [Adair, Blakely M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Hughes, Michael F.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 MA 10 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 490FE UT WOS:000269483300011 ER PT J AU Gurarie, E Anderson, JJ Zabel, RW AF Gurarie, Eliezer Anderson, James J. Zabel, Richard W. TI Continuous models of population-level heterogeneity inform analysis of animal dispersal and migration SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bluehead chub; chinook salmon; diffusion models; dispersal; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus tschawytcha; population heterogeneity; steelhead trout; travel times; Wiener process ID DISTRIBUTIONS; MOVEMENT; SPREAD; PATTERNS; DISTANCE AB Behavioral heterogeneity among individuals is a universal feature of natural populations. Most diffusion-based models of animal dispersal, however, implicitly assume homogeneous movement parameters within a population. Recent attempts to consider the effect of heterogeneous populations on dispersal distributions have been somewhat limited by the high number of parameters required to subdivide a population into several groups. A solution to this problem is to characterize the value of a movement parameter as continuously distributed within a population. We present several cases in which this method is useful and tractable, applying the framework both to spatial distribution data and closely related first passage times. The resulting models allow ecologists to identify the extent to which the variability in dispersal distributions can be attributed to population-level heterogeneity as opposed to intrinsic randomness. We apply the formulation to two very different cases of dispersal: resident organisms in a stream (freshwater chub Nocomis leptocephalus) and migrating organisms (juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp.). In both cases, the application of heterogeneity-explicit models provides insights into the behavioral mechanisms of movement. C1 [Anderson, James J.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zabel, Richard W.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Gurarie, E (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland. EM eliezer.gurarie@helsinki.fi RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015; OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629; Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2233 EP 2242 DI 10.1890/08-0359.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 474OE UT WOS:000268293000022 PM 19739385 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Wolk, A Naydich, A Huber, ML AF Bruno, Thomas J. Wolk, Arron Naydich, Alexander Huber, Marcia L. TI Composition-explicit Distillation Curves for Mixtures of Diesel Fuel with Dimethyl Carbonate and Diethyl Carbonate SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; REFORMULATED FUELS; BIODIESEL FUELS; AVIATION FUEL; ENGINE; IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; ADDITIVES AB We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation Curves of complex fluids, The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for qualitative, quantitative, and trace analysis): (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state; (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements Of low uncertainty Suitable for equation of state development (4) consistency with a century of historical data; (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction and (6) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. We hive applied the new method to the measurement of rocket propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, and hydrocarbon crude oils. In this paper. we present the application of the technique to representative batches of ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) and mixtures of this diesel fuel with two of the more promising oxygenating agents; namely, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The addition of oxygenates, although more familiar in gasoline fuel systems, is also of great interest in the diesel fuel community, since it provides an opportunity to decrease particulate emissions. The potential of designing new fuel mixtures critically depends oil knowledge of the thermophysical properties of the fluids. The volatility, its provided by the distillation curve method we apply, is part of that knowledge base. We present herein the distillation curves its a function of additive starting concentration and the concurrent analytical information. We noted that even after the oxygenates have distilled out of the mixtures. there is a persistent depression in the temperature. Ail explanation in terms of the Helmholtz free energy equation of state model is advanced. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Wolk, Arron; Naydich, Alexander; Huber, Marcia L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI Wolk, Arron/G-8968-2013 OI Wolk, Arron/0000-0002-5269-7319 FU NIST FX A.W. and A.N. acknowledge Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) at NIST. NR 77 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 3989 EP 3997 DI 10.1021/ef900215v PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 484YY UT WOS:000269088300021 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Zgliczynski, BJ Boland, RC Friedlander, AM AF DeMartini, Edward E. Zgliczynski, Brian J. Boland, Raymond C. Friedlander, Alan M. TI Influences of wind-wave exposure on the distribution and density of recruit reef fishes at Kure and Pearl and Hermes Atolls, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Reef fish recruitment; Labroids; Larval dispersal; Wind transport; Post-settlement factors; Habitat selection; Piscivory ID CORAL-REEF; PRESETTLEMENT FISHES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; LARVAL FISHES; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; ENDEMISM; PACIFIC; OCEAN; REPLENISHMENT AB This paper describes the results of a field survey designed to test the prediction that the density of benthic juveniles of shallow-reef fishes is greater on wind-wave "exposed" sectors of a pair of isolated oceanic atolls (Kure, Pearl and Hermes) at the far northwestern end of the Hawaiian Islands, an archipelago in which east-northeasterly trade winds dominate onshore water flow and transport by surface currents. The densities of recruits (juveniles a parts per thousand currency sign5 cm total length) were higher overall on windward versus leeward sectors of carbonate rock-rubble back reefs at both atolls, and the pattern was stronger for smaller (likely younger, more recently settled) recruits of four of the five most abundant species and the remainder pooled as an "Other" taxon. The windward-leeward disparity was four-fold greater at Pearl Hermes (the atoll with a three-fold longer perimeter) than at Kure. Resident predator biomass also was correlated with recruit densities, but habitat (benthic substratum) effects were generally weak. The distribution and abundance of recruits and juveniles of the primarily endemic reef fishes on shallow back reefs at these atolls appear partly influenced by relative rates of water flow over windward vs. leeward sectors of barrier reef and by the size, shape, and orientation of habitat parcels that filter out postlarval fishes with relatively weak swimming capabilities like labroids. Whole-reef geomorphology as well as fine-scale habitat heterogeneity and rugosity should be considered among the suite of many factors used to interpret observed spatial patterns of post-settlement juvenile fish distribution at atolls and perhaps some other tropical reefs. C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Boland, Raymond C.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2009 VL 85 IS 4 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9514-3 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 480XY UT WOS:000268771800010 ER PT J AU Wang, YQ Zhang, XY Draxler, RR AF Wang, Y. Q. Zhang, X. Y. Draxler, Roland R. TI TrajStat: GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Trajectory statistics; GIS; Clustering; PSCF; CWT ID NATIONAL-PARK; TRANSPORT AB Statistical analysis of air mass back trajectories combined with long-term ambient air pollution measurements are useful tools for source identification. Using these methods, the geographic information system (GIS) based software, TrajStat, was developed to view, query, and cluster the trajectories and compute the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analyses when measurement data are included. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Y. Q.; Zhang, X. Y.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Watch & Serv, Lab Atmospher Chem, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Draxler, Roland R.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, YQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Watch & Serv, Lab Atmospher Chem, 46 Zhong Guan Cun S Ave, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM wangyq@cams.cma.gov.cn RI ZHANG, Xiao-Ye/C-8707-2012 OI ZHANG, Xiao-Ye/0000-0003-1802-3385 FU Fund of CAMS [2008Z004]; National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB403700] FX This study was supported by grants from the Fund of CAMS (2008Z004) and National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB403700). NR 11 TC 108 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 938 EP 939 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.01.004 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 440TV UT WOS:000265723500006 ER PT J AU Fair, PA Lee, HB Adams, J Darling, C Pacepavicius, G Alaee, M Bossart, GD Henry, N Muir, D AF Fair, Patricia A. Lee, Hing-Biu Adams, Jeff Darling, Colin Pacepavicius, Grazina Alaee, Mehran Bossart, Gregory D. Henry, Natasha Muir, Derek TI Occurrence of triclosan in plasma of wild Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and in their environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Triclosan; Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs); Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PERSONAL-CARE PRODUCTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; WIDELY USED BIOCIDE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; TREATMENT PLANTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; SURFACE WATERS; ACIDIC PHARMACEUTICALS; HARBOR PORPOISE AB The presence of triclosan, a widely-used antibacterial chemical, is currently unknown in higher trophic-level species such as marine mammals. Blood plasma collected from wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Charleston, SC (CHS) (n = 13) and Indian River Lagoon, FL (IRL) (n = 13) in 2005 was analyzed for triclosan. Plasma concentrations in CHS dolphins ranged from 0.12 to 0.27 ng/g wet weight (mean 0.18 ng/g), with 31% of the sampled individuals having detectable triclosan. The mean IRL dolphin plasma concentrations were 0.072 ng/g wet weight (range 0.025-0.11 ng/g); 23% of the samples having detectable triclosan. In the CHS area, triclosan effluent values from two WWTP were both 190 ng/L and primary influents; were 2800 ng/L and 3400 ng/L Triclosan values in CHS estuarine surface water samples averaged 7.5 ng/L (n = 18) ranging from 4.9 to 14 ng/L This is the first study to report bioaccumulation of anthropogenic triclosan in a marine mammal highlighting the need for further monitoring and assessment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fair, Patricia A.; Adams, Jeff; Henry, Natasha] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lee, Hing-Biu; Darling, Colin; Pacepavicius, Grazina; Alaee, Mehran; Muir, Derek] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Coastal Res, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Fair, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov OI Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 NR 72 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG-SEP PY 2009 VL 157 IS 8-9 BP 2248 EP 2254 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.04.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 465LM UT WOS:000267586200009 PM 19410343 ER PT J AU Wiley, FE Twiner, MJ Leighfield, TA Wilde, SB Van Dolah, FM Fischer, JR Bowerman, WW AF Wiley, Faith E. Twiner, Michael J. Leighfield, Tod A. Wilde, Susan B. Van Dolah, Frances M. Fischer, John R. Bowerman, William W. TI An Extract of Hydrilla verticillata and Associated Epiphytes Induces Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy in Laboratory Mallards SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian vacuolar myelinopathy; AVM; bald eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; cyanobacteria; algal toxin; mallard; American coot ID CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; FULICA-AMERICANA; WATERBIRDS; COOTS; LINK AB Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) is a neurological disease affecting bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), American coots (Fulica americana), waterfowl, and other birds in the southeastern United States. The cause of the disease is unknown, but is thought to be a naturally produced toxin. AVM is associated with aquatic macrophytes, most frequently hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), and researchers have linked the disease to an epiphytic cyanobacterial species associated with the macrophytes. The goal of this study was to develop an extraction protocol for separating the putative toxin from a hydrilla-cyanobacterial matrix. Hydrilla samples were collected from an AVM-affected reservoir (J. Strom Thurmond Lake, SC) and confirmed to contain the etiologic agent by mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) bioassay. These samples were then extracted using a solvent series of increasing polarity: hexanes, acetone, and methanol. Control hydrilla samples from a reference reservoir with no history of AVM (Lake Marion, SC) were extracted in parallel. Resulting extracts were administered to mallards by oral gavage. Our findings indicate that the methanol extracts of hydrilla collected from the AVM-affected site induced the disease in laboratory mallards. This study provides the first data documenting for an "extractable" AVM-inducing agent. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 362-368, 2009. C1 [Wiley, Faith E.; Bowerman, William W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Wiley, Faith E.; Twiner, Michael J.; Leighfield, Tod A.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wilde, Susan B.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wilde, Susan B.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Fischer, John R.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wiley, FE (reprint author), Augusta State Univ, Dept Biol, 2500 Walton Way, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. EM fwiley@aug.edu FU CSREES/USDA [SC-1700281]; Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research FX Contract grant sponsor: CSREES/USDA. Contract grant number: SC-1700281. Contract grant sponsor: Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1520-4081 EI 1522-7278 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1002/tox.20424 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 470IA UT WOS:000267967200006 PM 18825730 ER PT J AU Laidig, TE Watters, DL Yoklavich, MM AF Laidig, Thomas E. Watters, Diana L. Yoklavich, Mary M. TI Demersal fish and habitat associations from visual surveys on the central California shelf SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE demersal fishes; continental shelf; Delta submersible; habitat; habitat selection; community structure ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; DEEP-WATER; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARINE RESERVES; SEBASTES SPP.; MONTEREY-BAY; KELP FOREST; REEF FISHES; ROCKFISHES; CLASSIFICATION AB In 2004, we surveyed demersal fishes and habitats on the continental shelf off central California (65-110 m depth) using the occupied submersible Delta. Our objectives were to estimate the relative abundance of habitats and to examine demersal fish species composition, diversity, density, and sizes relative to these habitats. A total of 112 transects were completed covering 32 km of seafloor. A higher density of fishes was estimated in boulder and cobble habitats than in mud and brachiopod beds. More than 80% of the fishes were small, measuring 20 cm or less in total length. Species with small maximum size (primarily pygmy rockfish, Sebastes wilsoni, and blackeye gobies, Rhinogobiops nicholsii) accounted for nearly half (49%) of the total number of 12,441 fishes. Most fishes were immature, with only 4 of 20 harvested species having more than 50% of the individuals larger than the size at first maturity. Our study area on the continental shelf may be an ontogenetic transition zone for immature fishes before they move to their adult habitat on the slope. Alternatively, historical fishing pressure may have contributed to the lack of large, mature fishes in the survey area. Understanding the importance of these habitats to fishes at various life stages will improve our ability to assess these deepwater fish stocks and effectively manage these living resources on an ecosystem basis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Laidig, Thomas E.; Watters, Diana L.; Yoklavich, Mary M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Laidig, TE (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM tom.laidig@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 4 BP 629 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.05.008 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 480NX UT WOS:000268743800026 ER PT J AU Parrish, PE AF Parrish, Patrick E. TI Aesthetic principles for instructional design SO ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Aesthetics; Instructional design; Learning experience; Principles of instruction ID COGNITIVE LOAD THEORY; EDUCATION AB This article offers principles that contribute to developing the aesthetics of instructional design. Rather than describing merely the surface qualities of things and events, the concept of aesthetics as applied here pertains to heightened, integral experience. Aesthetic experiences are those that are immersive, infused with meaning, and felt as coherent and complete. Any transformative learning experience will have significant aesthetic qualities, and all instructional situations can benefit from attention to these qualities. Drawn from aesthetics theory and research and informed by current ID and learning theories, a set of five first principles and twelve guidelines for their application are described. The principles are not only compatible with existing ID theory bases but can complement and support that theory by offering ways to embody it in engaging learning experiences. C1 Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COMET Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Parrish, PE (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COMET Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM pparrish@comet.ucar.edu NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1042-1629 J9 ETR&D-EDUC TECH RES JI ETR&D-Educ. Tech. Res. Dev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 511 EP 528 DI 10.1007/s11423-007-9060-7 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 478FL UT WOS:000268573100005 ER PT J AU Wang, HY Hook, TO AF Wang, Hui-Yu Hook, Tomas O. TI Eco-genetic model to explore fishing-induced ecological and evolutionary effects on growth and maturation schedules SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fishing induced evolution; maturation reaction norm; walleye; whitefish ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; REACTION NORMS; HARVESTED POPULATIONS; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; BIPHASIC GROWTH; RAPID EVOLUTION; SMALLMOUTH BASS AB Eco-genetic individual-based models involve tracking the ecological dynamics of simulated individual organisms that are in part characterized by heritable parameters. We developed an eco-genetic individual-based model to explore ecological and evolutionary interactions of fish growth and maturation schedules. Our model is flexible and allows for exploration of the effects of heritable growth rates (based on von Bertalanffy and biphasic growth patterns), heritable maturation schedules (based on maturation reaction norm concepts), or both on individual-and population-level traits. In baseline simulations with rather simple ecological trade-offs and over a relatively short time period (<200 simulation years), simulated male and female fish evolve differential genetic growth and maturation. Further, resulting patterns of genetically determined growth and maturation are influenced by mortality rate and density-dependent processes, and maturation and growth parameters interact to mediate the evolution of one another. Subsequent to baseline simulations, we conducted experimental simulations to mimic fisheries harvest with two size-limits (targeting large or small fish), an array of fishing mortality rates, and assuming a deterministic or stochastic environment. Our results suggest that fishing with either size-limit may induce considerable changes in life-history trait expression (maturation schedules and growth rates), recruitment, and population abundance and structure. However, targeting large fish would cause more adverse genetic effects and may lead to a population less resilient to environmental stochasticity. C1 [Hook, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wang, Hui-Yu; Hook, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, Hui-Yu; Hook, Tomas O.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM thook@purdue.edu OI WANG, HUI-YU/0000-0002-9100-321X FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust; US Fish and Wildlife Service; NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL). FX Discussions with Jim Breck, Scott Peacor, and Carl Simon helped in the development of simulation models. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust, US Fish and Wildlife Service and NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL). This is NOAAGLERL contribution 1518. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 438 EP 455 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00088.x PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 505DR UT WOS:000270669700013 PM 25567890 ER PT J AU Bryant, RA AF Bryant, Rodney A. TI The application of stereoscopic PIV to measure the flow of air into an enclosure containing a fire SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB Flow fields encountered in full-scale enclosure fires are highly three-dimensional and span a large spatial extent. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) was applied to provide a large-scale planar interrogation of the flow of air available to a series of fires burning inside an enclosure. Time-averaged velocity fields across the doorway of the enclosure are presented. These flows are bi-directional and SPIV reveals that the time-averaged height of the region of flow reversal depends on location within the doorway. The volume flow rate of available air computed from the classical one-dimensional flow approach agrees well with the numerical integration using the velocity field provided by SPIV. Good agreement between the measured velocities for SPIV configurations optimized for seed particle displacements along the laser sheet axis and optimized for displacements perpendicular to the laser sheet demonstrate that large-scale SPIV measurements can be conducted with very good precision. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bryant, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rodney.bryant@nist.gov FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship FX The author wishes to thank Erik Johnsson for data acquisition and Marco Fernandez, Lauren Delauter, Edward Hztensoksy, Jack Lee, and Alexander Maranghides for experimental setup and logistics. The author also wishes to thank the following Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Students, Jeff Keslin, Scott Rockwell, and Matthew Smith, for their assistance with data analysis and archiving. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s00348-009-0656-z PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 474PW UT WOS:000268297400009 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Park, SH Cleary, TG AF Manzello, Samuel L. Park, Seul-Hyun Cleary, Thomas G. TI Investigation on the ability of glowing firebrands deposited within crevices to ignite common building materials SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires; Firebrands; Ignition; Fuel beds ID FUEL BEDS; FLIGHT; FIRES; WOOD AB A series of experiments was conducted to determine the range of conditions that glowing firebrands may ignite common building materials. The surface temperature of glowing firebrands burning under different applied airflow was quantified using an infrared camera. As the applied airflow was increased, the surface temperature of glowing firebrands was observed to increase. A crevice was constructed using plywood and oriented strand board (OSB) and the angle was varied to investigate the influence that this parameter has on promoting ignition after contact with glowing firebrands. The number of firebrands deposited within the constructed crevices was varied. Single firebrands were unable to ignite the materials used in this study over a range of applied airflows. For the tightest fuel bed angle of 60 degrees, the glowing firebrands deposited on the fuel bed always resulted in smoldering ignition. For plywood, contact with glowing firebrands produced smoldering ignition followed by a transition to flaming ignition. At the fuel bed angle of 90 degrees, no definitive ignition behavior was observed for either material; different ignition criteria (either no ignition or smoldering ignition) were observed under identical experimental conditions. As the fuel bed angle was increased up to 135 degrees, ignition never occurred for both test fuel beds. For a given airflow and fuel bed material, the ignition delay time was observed to increase as the fuel bed angle was increased. A large difference was observed in the ignition delay time for plywood and OSB at a fuel bed angle of 90 degrees. Based on these ignition results, the critical angle for ignition exists between 90 degrees and 135 degrees at a given airflow. These results clearly demonstrate that firebrands are capable of igniting common building materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Park, Seul-Hyun; Cleary, Thomas G.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab BRFL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab BRFL, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8662,Bldg 224,Room A361, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 894 EP 900 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.05.001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 477OZ UT WOS:000268529700008 ER PT J AU Ressler, PH Fleischer, GW Wespestad, VG Harms, J AF Ressler, Patrick H. Fleischer, Guy W. Wespestad, Vidar G. Harms, John TI Developing a commercial-vessel-based stock assessment survey methodology for monitoring the US west coast widow rockfish (Sebastes entomelas) stock SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rockfish; Sebastes entomelas; Fisheries acoustics; Underwater camera; Cooperative research; Untrawlable habitat ID EXAMPLE; BIAS AB The widow rockfish (Sebastes entomelas) inhabits the continental shelf and upper slope of the west coast of North America. The U.S. west coast widow rockfish stock has declined since the mid-1980s, leading to implementation of increasingly stringent management restrictions upon the commercial fishery. The low numbers, patchy distribution, and preference for rocky habitats of the widow rockfish make this stock difficult to monitor using standard bottom trawl survey techniques and commercial landings data: currently, there is no reliable index of abundance. An ad hoc government-industry working group began meeting in 2004 to devise a new stock assessment survey strategy. The proposed strategy utilized local fishermen's knowledge of widow rockfish distribution and behavior,chartered commercial fishing vessels, and a combination of fisheries acoustics and underwater video sampling techniques. Results are presented from fieldwork conducted at three study sites off the central coast of Oregon, USA, in March 2005. Acoustic backscatter at 38 kHz between 50 m from the surface to 15 m off the bottom was attributed primarily to widow rockfish. This classification was based on historical widow rockfish distribution at these sites, fish school appearance on acoustic echograms. and deployments of an underwater camera sled. Repeated acoustic sampling along predetermined transects spaced at 0.3 nmi (0.56 km) at two of the study sites documented the temporal and spatial variability of widow rockfish schools over the course of a single day and week-to-week. The CVs of average vertically integrated acoustic backscatter measured in repeated sampling passes at these two sites were 0.31 and 0.36, which are not unreasonable values for a fisheries survey time series. Fine-scale acoustic sampling at a total of three study sites showed that the spatial scale (horizontal dimensions) of the groups of widow rockfish schools observed ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 nm (0.37-1.48 km). This study demonstrates that sampling of a coastwide suite of study sites selected using local fishermen's knowledge with a standard 38 kHz scientific echosounder, supported by underwater video and limited midwater trawling, may be a promising way of monitoring U.S. west coast widow rockfish abundance. These techniques may also be relevant to monitoring other difficult-to-assess semi-dermersal species inhabiting rocky, untrawlable areas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fleischer, Guy W.; Harms, John] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wespestad, Vidar G.] Pacific Whiting Conservat Cooperat, Lynnwood, WA 98036 USA. RP Ressler, PH (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patrick.ressler@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.04.008 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 476KT UT WOS:000268440000001 ER PT J AU Breitburg, DL Craig, JK Fulford, RS Rose, KA Boynton, WR Brady, DC Ciotti, BJ Diaz, RJ Friedland, KD Hagy, JD Hart, DR Hines, AH Houde, ED Kolesar, SE Nixon, SW Rice, JA Secor, DH Targett, TE AF Breitburg, D. L. Craig, J. K. Fulford, R. S. Rose, K. A. Boynton, W. R. Brady, D. C. Ciotti, B. J. Diaz, R. J. Friedland, K. D. Hagy, J. D., III Hart, D. R. Hines, A. H. Houde, E. D. Kolesar, S. E. Nixon, S. W. Rice, J. A. Secor, D. H. Targett, T. E. TI Nutrient enrichment and fisheries exploitation: interactive effects on estuarine living resources and their management SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Research and Management of Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems CY JUN 20-23, 2006 CL Nyborg, DENMARK DE Eutrophication; Hypoxia; Fisheries; Estuary; Management ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOBSTER NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; EPISODIC HYPOXIA; WATER-QUALITY; BALTIC COD; FOOD WEBS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS AB Both fisheries exploitation and increased nutrient loadings strongly affect fish and shellfish abundance and production in estuaries. These stressors do not act independently; instead, they jointly influence food webs, and each affects the sensitivity of species and ecosystems to the other. Nutrient enrichment and the habitat degradation it sometimes causes can affect sustainable yields of fisheries, and fisheries exploitation can affect the ability of estuarine systems to process nutrients. The total biomass of fisheries landings in estuaries and semi-enclosed seas tends to increase with nitrogen loadings in spite of hypoxia, but hypoxia and other negative effects of nutrient over-enrichment cause declines in individual species and in parts of systems most severely affected. More thoroughly integrated management of nutrients and fisheries will permit more effective management responses to systems affected by both stressors, including the application of fisheries regulations to rebuild stocks negatively affected by eutrophication. Reducing fishing mortality may lead to the recovery of depressed populations even when eutrophication contributes to population declines if actions are taken while the population retains sufficient reproductive potential. New advances in modeling, statistics, and technology promise to provide the information needed to improve the understanding and management of systems subject to both nutrient enrichment and fisheries exploitation. C1 [Breitburg, D. L.; Fulford, R. S.; Hines, A. H.; Kolesar, S. E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Craig, J. K.] N Carolina State Univ, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Craig, J. K.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Fulford, R. S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. [Rose, K. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Boynton, W. R.; Houde, E. D.; Secor, D. H.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Brady, D. C.; Ciotti, B. J.; Targett, T. E.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Diaz, R. J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Friedland, K. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hagy, J. D., III] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Hart, D. R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kolesar, S. E.] St Marys Coll Maryland, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. [Nixon, S. W.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Rice, J. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breitburg, DL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM breitburgd@si.edu RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; Houde, Edward/D-8498-2012; Secor, D/D-4367-2012; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012 OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827; Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833 NR 112 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 629 IS 1 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9762-4 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 458NI UT WOS:000267030400004 ER PT J AU Valdes, L Peterson, W Church, J Brander, K Marcos, M AF Valdes, Luis Peterson, William Church, John Brander, Keith Marcos, Marta TI Our changing oceans: conclusions of the first International Symposium on the Effects of climate change on the world's oceans SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Valdes, Luis] Ctr Oceanog Gijon, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Gijon 33212, Asturias, Spain. [Peterson, William] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Church, John] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Church, John] Bur Meteorol, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Brander, Keith] DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Marcos, Marta] IMEDEA, Palma de Mallorca 07190, Spain. RP Valdes, L (reprint author), Ctr Oceanog Gijon, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Avda Principe Asturias 70B, Gijon 33212, Asturias, Spain. EM luis.valdes@gi.ieo.es RI Marcos, Marta/C-7053-2012; Church, John/A-1541-2012 OI Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1435 EP 1438 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp134 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 469IC UT WOS:000267888700001 ER PT J AU Hollowed, AB Bond, NA Wilderbuer, TK Stockhausen, WT A'mar, ZT Beamish, RJ Overland, JE Schirripa, MJ AF Hollowed, Anne Babcock Bond, Nicholas A. Wilderbuer, Thomas K. Stockhausen, William T. A'mar, Z. Teresa Beamish, Richard J. Overland, James E. Schirripa, Michael J. TI A framework for modelling fish and shellfish responses to future climate change SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; fish and shellfish management; fisheries oceanography; spawner-recruitment; stock projection models ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS; HOKI MACRURONUS-NOVAEZELANDIAE; EXPLOITED MARINE POPULATIONS; TIME-SERIES; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; RECRUITMENT DYNAMICS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; ECOSYSTEM AB A framework is outlined for a unified approach to forecasting the implications of climate change on production of marine fish. The framework involves five steps: (i) identification of mechanisms underlying the reproductive success, growth, and distribution of major fish and shellfish populations, (ii) assessment of the feasibility of downscaling implications of climate scenarios derived from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models for regional ecosystems to select and estimate relevant environmental variables, (iii) evaluation of climate model scenarios and select IPCC models that appear to provide valid representations of forcing for the region of study, (iv) extraction of environmental variables from climate scenarios and incorporation into projection models for fish and shellfish, and (v) evaluation of the mean, variance, and trend in fish and shellfish production under a changing ecosystem. This framework was applied to forecast summer sea surface temperature in the Bering Sea from 2001 to 2050. The mean summer surface temperature was predicted to increase by 2 degrees C by 2050. The forecasting framework was also used to estimate the effects of climate change on production of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) through projected changes in cross-shelf transport of larvae in the Bering Sea. Results suggest that climate change will lead to a modest increase in the production of strong year classes of northern rock sole. C1 [Hollowed, Anne Babcock; Wilderbuer, Thomas K.; Stockhausen, William T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [A'mar, Z. Teresa] Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beamish, Richard J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schirripa, Michael J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hollowed, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM anne.hollowed@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) FX This project was partially funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB). We thank Muyin Wang who helped to provide the IPCC model output used our analysis. We also thank Keith Brander and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. This paper is BEST-BSIERP Publication # 2 and NPRB Publication # 209. NR 66 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 7 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1584 EP 1594 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp057 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 469IC UT WOS:000267888700017 ER PT J AU Schirripa, MJ Goodyear, CP Methot, RM AF Schirripa, Michael J. Goodyear, C. Phillip Methot, Richard M. TI Testing different methods of incorporating climate data into the assessment of US West Coast sablefish SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate; environmental covariates; parameter estimation; stock assessment ID PRODUCTION-MODEL; STOCK; SIMULATION AB The objective of this investigation was to evaluate different methods of including environmental variability directly into stock assessments and to demonstrate how this inclusion affects the estimation of recruitment parameters, stock status, and the conservation benchmarks used to manage a stock. Variations on two methods of incorporating environmental effects were tested. The first method ("model" method) utilizes a structural change in the stock-recruitment function to adjust the annual expected number of recruits by a value, either positive or negative, equal to that year's anomaly in the environmental variable. The second method ("data" method) allows for observation error in the environmental data and uses the time-series as an index to tune the vector of estimates of annual recruitment deviations. Simulation techniques were utilized to produce datasets of known quantities that were subsequently analysed with a widely used stock assessment platform. Under the circumstances simulated in this study, neither method could be said to have performed significantly better than the other in all situations. Because the two approaches handle years of missing data differently, the best approach is dictated by the available data, rather than a more appropriate method. C1 [Schirripa, Michael J.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Methot, Richard M.] Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Schirripa, MJ (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM michael.schirripa@noaa.gov FU NOAA programme Fisheries and The Environment ( FATE) FX We thank James J. Colbert for his programming contributions to this study and Ric Brodeur for his comments on the manuscripts organization. We also thank the NOAA programme Fisheries and The Environment ( FATE) for funding this study. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1605 EP 1613 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp043 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 469IC UT WOS:000267888700019 ER PT J AU A'mar, ZT Punt, AE Dorn, MW AF A'mar, Z. Teresa Punt, Andre' E. Dorn, Martin W. TI The evaluation of two management strategies for the Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock fishery under climate change SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; Gulf of Alaska; IPCC model output; management strategy evaluation; stock assessment; walleye pollock ID THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEM; OCEAN; ENVIRONMENT; SURVIVAL AB Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is the process of using simulation testing with feedback to examine the robustness of candidate management strategies to error and uncertainty. The structure of the management strategy can be selected to attempt to satisfy desired ( but conflicting) management objectives. MSE was used to assess the performance of the current management strategy and an alternative management strategy (the "dynamic B-0" strategy) for the fishery for walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), when age-1 recruitment was driven by climate. The relationships between age-1 abundance and climate indices (and the uncertainties associated with these relationships) were characterized within an age-structured operating model that was fitted to the data for GOA walleye pollock. Projections into the future were based on the fitted relationships and predictions of those indices from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models, using the current or the alternative management strategy to determine catch limits. Management performance (the ability to leave the stock close to the management reference level and achieve high and stable catches) deteriorated when age-1 recruitment was forced by climate, although stocks were kept near the reference level on average. In addition, the ability to estimate management-related quantities, such as spawning biomass, deteriorated markedly when recruitment was forced by climate. Performance was sensitive to the choice of IPCC dataset and, in particular, estimation and management performance was poorest (outcomes most variable) for the IPCC datasets that led to the greatest variation in recruitment to the fishery. Although basing management on a "dynamic B0" management strategy led to improved management and estimation performance, the magnitude of the improvement was slight. C1 [A'mar, Z. Teresa; Punt, Andre' E.] Univ Washington, Sch Fishery & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dorn, Martin W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP A'mar, ZT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Fishery & Aquat Sci, Box 352182, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM zta@u.washington.edu OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank S. Allen Macklin [NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)] for providing the historical precipitation, wind-mixing energy, and sea surface temperature data, and Nicholas Bond and Muyin Wang [ University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (UW/JISAO)] for providing the downscaled data from the output of the eight IPCC models. We thank Grant Thompson, Jim Ianelli, Patricia Livingston [NOAA/Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC)], and Mark Payne for comments on an early draft. ZTA thanks Anne Hollowed, Bernard Megrey, Phyllis Stabeno, Nicholas Bond, Allen Macklin, Kevin Bailey, Janet Duffy-Anderson, and Lorenzo Ciannelli (NOAA/AFSC and PMEL, UW/JISAO, and OSU/COAS) for discussions on quantifying environmental effects on recruitment for the GOA walleye pollock stock. We acknowledge the modelling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's ( World Climate Research Programme) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles inmaking available theWCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. This study is partly funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution # 1447. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1614 EP 1632 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp044 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 469IC UT WOS:000267888700020 ER PT J AU Higgason, KD Brown, M AF Higgason, Kelley D. Brown, Maria TI Local solutions to manage the effects of global climate change on a marine ecosystem: a process guide for marine resource managers SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE action plan; adaptive; climate change; marine; ocean; resource managers; strategies ID CO2 AB The marine environment plays an important role in controlling the amount of CO(2) that remains within the earth's atmosphere, but it has not received as much attention as the terrestrial environment regarding climate-change effects, mitigation programmes, and action plans. Potential physical effects of climate change within the marine environment, including ocean acidification, changes in winds that drive upwelling and ocean circulation patterns, increasing global sea surface temperatures, and sea level rise, can result in dramatic changes within marine and coastal ecosystems. Often, marine resource managers feel overwhelmed by the magnitude of this issue and are therefore uncertain how to begin to take action. It may seem that they do not have the time, funding, or staff to take on a challenge as large as climate change, and fail to act as a result. Using NOAA's Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary as a case study, this paper outlines the need to act now and presents an easy-to-use process guide, providing managers options to incorporate effectively the influences of climate change into management strategies, as well as mitigate these influences through community outreach and a reduction in workplace emissions. C1 [Higgason, Kelley D.] Univ San Francisco, Environm Management Grad Program, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Higgason, Kelley D.; Brown, Maria] NOAA, NOS, ONMS Gulf Farallones Natl Marine Sanctuary, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Higgason, KD (reprint author), Univ San Francisco, Environm Management Grad Program, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. EM kelley.higgason@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1640 EP 1646 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp133 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 469IC UT WOS:000267888700022 ER PT J AU Giorgetta, FR Baumann, E Graf, M Yang, QK Manz, C Kohler, K Beere, HE Ritchie, DA Linfield, E Davies, AG Fedoryshyn, Y Jackel, H Fischer, M Faist, J Hofstetter, D AF Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Baumann, Esther Graf, Marcel Yang, Quankui Manz, Christian Koehler, Klaus Beere, Harvey E. Ritchie, David A. Linfield, Edmund Davies, Alexander G. Fedoryshyn, Yuriy Jaeckel, Heinz Fischer, Milan Faist, Jerome Hofstetter, Daniel TI Quantum Cascade Detectors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Intersubband photodetectors; quantum cascade detector; high-speed semiconductor photodetectors ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTOR; 1.55 MU-M; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; SUPERLATTICES; DEPENDENCE; OPERATION; BARRIERS; LASERS AB This paper gives an overview on the design, fabrication, and characterization of quantum cascade detectors. They are tailorable infrared photodetectors based on intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum wells that do not require an external bias voltage due to their asymmetric conduction band profile. They thus profit from favorable noise behavior, reduced thermal load, and simpler readout circuits. This was demonstrated at wavelengths from the near infrared at 2 mu m to THz radiation at 87 mu m using different semiconductor material systems. C1 [Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Hofstetter, Daniel] Univ Neuchatel, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Graf, Marcel] Univ Waterloo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Yang, Quankui; Manz, Christian; Koehler, Klaus] Fraunhofer Inst Appl Solid State Phys, D-80001 Freiburg, Germany. [Beere, Harvey E.; Ritchie, David A.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 OHE, England. [Linfield, Edmund; Davies, Alexander G.] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Fedoryshyn, Yuriy; Jaeckel, Heinz] ETH, Elect Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Fischer, Milan; Faist, Jerome] ETH, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Giorgetta, FR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fabrizio.giorgetta@unine.ch; esther.baumann@unine.ch; daniel.hofstettser@unine.ch RI Faist, Jerome/A-7339-2013; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015; OI Faist, Jerome/0000-0003-4429-7988; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090; Linfield, Edmund/0000-0001-6912-0535 NR 40 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 7 U2 34 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1029 EP 1042 DI 10.1109/JQE.2009.2017929 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 472WP UT WOS:000268163800007 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Lyapustin, AI Privette, JL Morisette, JT Holben, B AF Wang, Yujie Lyapustin, Alexei I. Privette, Jeffery L. Morisette, Jeffery T. Holben, Brent TI Atmospheric Correction at AERONET Locations: A New Science and Validation Data Set SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Aerosols; remote sensing ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER PROBLEM; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; NON-LAMBERTIAN SURFACE; GREENS-FUNCTION METHOD; MODIS-LAI PRODUCT; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; ALBEDO; REFLECTANCE; RETRIEVAL AB This paper describes an Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)-based Surface Reflectance Validation Network (ASRVN) and its data set of spectral surface bidirectional reflectance and albedo based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) TERRA and AQUA data. The ASRVN is an operational data collection and processing system. It receives 50 x 50 km(2) subsets of MODIS level 1B (L1B) data from MODIS adaptive processing system and AERONET aerosol and water-vapor information. Then, it performs an atmospheric correction (AC) for about 100 AERONET sites based on accurate radiative-transfer theory with complex quality control of the input data. The ASRVN processing software consists of an L1B data gridding algorithm, a new cloud-mask (CM) algorithm based on a time-series analysis, and an AC algorithm using ancillary AERONET aerosol and water-vapor data. The AC is achieved by fitting the MODIS top-of-atmosphere measurements, accumulated for a 16-day interval, with theoretical reflectance parameterized in terms of the coefficients of the Li Sparse-Ross Thick (LSRT) model of the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF). The ASRVN takes several steps to ensure high quality of results: 1) the filtering of opaque clouds by a CM algorithm; 2) the development of an aerosol filter to filter residual semitransparent and subpixel clouds, as well as cases with high inhomogeneity of aerosols in the processing area; 3) imposing the requirement of the consistency of the new solution with previously retrieved BRF and albedo; 4) rapid adjustment of the 16-day retrieval to the surface changes using the last day of measurements; and 5) development of a seasonal backup spectral BRF database to increase data coverage. The ASRVN provides a gapless or near-gapless coverage for the processing area. The gaps, caused by clouds, are filled most naturally with the latest solution for a given pixel. The ASRVN products include three parameters of the LSRT model (k(L), k(G), and k(V)), surface albedo, normalized BRF (computed for a standard viewing geometry, VZA = 0 degrees, SZA = 45 degrees), and instantaneous BRF (or one-angle BRF value derived from the last day of MODIS measurement for specific viewing geometry) for the MODIS 500-m bands 1-7. The results are produced daily at a resolution of 1 km in gridded format. We also provide a cloud mask, a quality flag, and a browse bitmap image. The ASRVN data set, including 6 years of MODIS TERRA and 1.5 years of MODIS AQUA data, is available now as a standard MODIS product (MODASRVN) which can be accessed through the Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System website (http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/data/search.html). It can be used for a wide range of applications including validation analysis and science research. C1 [Wang, Yujie; Lyapustin, Alexei I.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Wang, Yujie; Lyapustin, Alexei I.; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Privette, Jeffery L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Satellite & Informat Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Morisette, Jeffery T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RI Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 FU NASA; NPP FX The work of A. I. Lyapustin and Y. Wang was supported by NASA EOS Science (Dr. D. Wickland) and NPP (Dr. J. Gleason) Grants. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 2450 EP 2466 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2016334 PN 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 472XM UT WOS:000268166500005 ER PT J AU Li, XF Li, CY Xu, Q Pichel, WG AF Li, Xiaofeng Li, Chunyan Xu, Qing Pichel, William G. TI Sea Surface Manifestation of Along-Tidal-Channel Underwater Ridges Imaged by SAR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Sea floor and tidal model; sea surface; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; WATER BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY; LATERAL DEPTH VARIATION; SUBMARINE SAND WAVES; RESIDUAL CIRCULATION; IMAGING MECHANISM; NANTUCKET SHOALS; OCEAN SURFACE; MODEL; BATHYMETRY AB A group of submerged ocean bottom sand ridges in the Bohai Sea, China, are shown in RADARSAT-1 and ENVISAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The sand ridges appear as fingerlike quasi-linear features in the SAR images. Examining the detailed local bathymetry chart, we find that these features coincide with the satellite images. The heights of the sand ridges are less than 10 m, and the water depth is between 10 and 30 m. The spacing of the sand ridges is about 10 km, and the length of the sand ridges is about 20 km. The same sand ridges are also visible on a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) true-color image. The semidiurnal and diurnal tidal currents in this area are almost parallel to the major axis of these sand ridges. These observations cannot be explained using the existing 1-D SAR imaging model, which is not applicable to sand ridges parallel to the tidal current. In this paper, we consider the shallow-water current bathymetry in a 2-D space. An analytical ocean model was applied to demonstrate the temporal variations of the current divergence and convergence that are induced by the along-sand-ridge-direction current and ridge interaction. A radar simulation model is used to simulate the variation of normalized radar cross section (NRCS) induced by the ocean surface current. The simulated NRCS variation is similar to that extracted from the calibrated SAR image. Simulation results also show that the NRCS variation becomes negligible when the ocean current is set to about half of the maximum tidal current. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, IM Syst Grp Inc, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Li, Chunyan] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Xu, Qing] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, Satellite Oceanog & Climatol Div, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp Inc, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov; cli@lsu.edu; xuqing215@yahoo.com.cn; William.G.Pichel@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service [N00014-05-1-0605] FX This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service under the Ocean Remote Sensing Program and in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-05-1-0605. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 2467 EP 2477 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2014154 PN 1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 472XM UT WOS:000268166500006 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Shi, W AF Wang, Menghua Shi, Wei TI Detection of Ice and Mixed Ice-Water Pixels for MODIS Ocean Color Data Processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric correction; ocean color products; remote sensing; sea ice ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; LEAVING RADIANCE; SEA-ICE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; SYSTEM; COASTAL; IMAGERY; WHITECAPS AB Current data processing for deriving ocean color products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has no specific ice and mixed ice-water pixel detection procedure. The near-infrared (NIR) reflectance threshold at the MODIS 869-nm band, which has been used to discriminate clear sky from clouds (cloud masking) for standard ocean color data processing, can eliminate most of the ice pixels. However, there are still many cases for which the ice and mixed ice-water pixels have been misidentified as ocean waters in current ocean color data processing, leading to errors in the MODIS-derived ocean color product (e. g., chlorophyll-a concentration). This is particularly true for most of the mixed ice-water cases. For atmospheric correction using the short-wave infrared (SWIR) method, which also uses SWIR reflectance for cloud masking, the problem of ice misidentification is even worse. In this paper, we describe a method for detection of ice and mixed ice-water pixels for MODIS ocean color data processing. Using the MODIS-derived normalized water-leaving radiances at 412, 555, and 859 nm, a scheme for ice and mixed ice-water detection has been developed and tested for producing MODIS global ocean color products. In fact, the proposed algorithm is a by-product calculated from the MODIS-derived normalized water-leaving radiance spectra data. Thus, the MODIS-derived ice surface radiance data can be used to study sea ice physical and optical properties. With the new ice detection scheme, pixels with ice and/or mixed ice-water can be discriminated, flagged, or masked out. The ice detection results are compared with the MODIS ice map product produced from the MODIS land discipline team, as well as the ice product data obtained from the NOAA National Ice Center. We show improved results from the new masking algorithm for the purpose of MODIS ocean color data processing, particularly for detection of mixed ice-water pixels. C1 [Wang, Menghua; Shi, Wei] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU National Aeronautics FX This work was supported by grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 2510 EP 2518 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2014365 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 472XM UT WOS:000268166500010 ER PT J AU Elsbury, MM Dresselhaus, PD Bergren, NF Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP Popovic, Z AF Elsbury, Michael M. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Bergren, Norman F. Burroughs, Charles J. Benz, Samuel P. Popovic, Zoya TI Broadband Lumped-Element Integrated N-Way Power Dividers for Voltage Standards SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic electronics; Josephson arrays; lumped-element microwave circuits; microwave integrated circuits (ICs); power dividers; superconducting coils; superconducting ICs; superconducting microwave devices ID DESIGN AB This paper presents a monolithically integrated broadband lumped-element Wilkinson power divider centered at 20 GHz, which was designed and fabricated to uniformly distribute power to arrays of Josephson junctions (JJs) for superconducting voltage standards. This solution achieves a fourfold decrease in chip area, and a twofold increase in bandwidth (BW) when compared to the previous narrowband distributed circuit. A single Wilkinson divider demonstrates 0.4-dB maximum insertion loss (IL), a 10-dB match BW of 10-24.5 GHz, and a 10-dB isolation BW of 13-30 GHz. A 16-way four-level binary Wilkinson power divider network is characterized in a divider/attenuator/combiner back-to-back measurement configuration with a 10-dB match BW of 10-25 GHz. In the 15-22-GHz band of interest, the maximum IL for the 16-way divider network is 0.5 dB, with an average of 0.2 dB. The amplitude balance of the divider at 15, 19, and 22 GHz is measured to be +/- 1.0 dB utilizing 16 arrays of 15 600 JJs as on-chip power detectors. C1 [Elsbury, Michael M.; Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Bergren, Norman F.; Burroughs, Charles J.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Elsbury, MM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michael.elsbury@colorado.edu; paul.dresselhaus@nist.gov; zoya.popovic@colorado.edu FU University of Colorado (CU)-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Department of Education Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) FX This work was supported in part by the University of Colorado (CU)-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seed research funding for collaborations and the Department of Education Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 8 BP 2055 EP 2063 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2025464 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 482PS UT WOS:000268901800021 ER PT J AU Karpius, PJ Vo, D Bacrania, M Beall, J Bennett, D Doriese, RW Hilton, G Hoover, A Horansky, R Irwin, K Rabin, M Reintsema, C Rudy, C Ullom, JN Vale, L AF Karpius, Pete J. Vo, Duc Bacrania, Minesh Beall, James Bennett, Douglas Doriese, Randy W. Hilton, Gene Hoover, Andrew Horansky, Robert Irwin, Kent Rabin, Michael Reintsema, Carl Rudy, Cliff Ullom, J. N. Vale, Leila TI A First Application of the FRAM Isotopic Analysis Code to High-Resolution Microcalorimetry Gamma-Ray Spectra SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma rays; gamma-ray spectroscopy; microcalorimetry; plutonium ID ARRAYS AB Gamma-ray spectrometry systems based on High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) have been the long-standing leader in terms of resolution since their introduction many years ago. The application of this technology to the spectroscopic assay of special nuclear material led to the development of several isotopic analysis tools, including the advanced software package FRAM, which was, and continues to be, developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Although FRAM can be applied over a wide range of energies, the significantly higher intensity of the x-ray region in the neighborhood of 100 keV makes analysis of this area of the spectrum advantageous, especially in the case of plutonium. However, even with HPGe, the multitude of gamma-ray and x-ray peaks that exist in the 100-keV region are sufficiently convoluted so as to preclude determination of plutonium isotopic composition without the introduction of some error. The novel technology of cryogenic microcalorimeter detectors, shown to have an order of magnitude better spectral resolution than HPGe, has recently opened new doors with respect to these difficulties. Now, for the first time, the powerful capabilities of FRAM have been paired with the unparalleled resolution of microcalorimetry in the analysis of plutonium spectra. Preliminary results of these analyses, as well as an outlook for future measurements, heretofore unobtainable with HPGe, will be presented. C1 [Karpius, Pete J.; Vo, Duc; Bacrania, Minesh; Hoover, Andrew; Rabin, Michael; Rudy, Cliff] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Beall, James; Bennett, Douglas; Doriese, Randy W.; Hilton, Gene; Horansky, Robert; Irwin, Kent; Reintsema, Carl; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, Leila] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Karpius, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM karpius@lanl.gov RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU U.S. Departments of Energy [DOE/NNSA/NA-22/LANL/PDP]; Commerce (DOC/NIST/ EEEL/Director's Reserve); U.S. Intelligence Community FX Manuscript received June 26, 2008; revised March 10, 2009. Current version published August 12, 2009. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Departments of Energy (DOE/NNSA/NA-22/LANL/PDP) and Commerce (DOC/NIST/ EEEL/Director's Reserve) and a U.S. Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Fellowship (RDH). NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2284 EP 2289 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022938 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000004 ER PT J AU Hoover, AS Bacrania, MK Karpius, PJ Rabin, MW Rudy, CR Vo, DT Beall, JA Doriese, WB Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Hoover, Andrew S. Bacrania, Minesh K. Karpius, Pete J. Rabin, Michael W. Rudy, Cliff R. Vo, Duc T. Beall, James A. Doriese, William B. Hilton, Gene C. Horansky, Robert D. Irwin, Kent D. Ullom, Joel N. Vale, Leila R. TI Application of GEANT4 to the Simulation of High Energy-Resolution Microcalorimeter Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray; microcalorimeter; Monte Carlo; simulation ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS; ARRAYS AB GEANT4 is a versatile Monte Carlo code for simulating the interactions of radiation with matter. GEANT4 has proven to be an effective toolkit for the simulation of a wide variety of detectors. We are interested in the application of GEANT4 to a new type of sensor technology being developed for X-ray and gamma-ray measurements. Microcalorimeter detectors based on transition-edge sensors coupled to bulk absorbers are an emerging technology for hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray measurements with unprecedented energy resolution. In this work, we assess the ability of the GEANT4 electromagnetic physics package to reproduce measured microcalorimeter data. We also use the simulations to explore the design space of absorber materials and cryostat design. C1 [Hoover, Andrew S.; Bacrania, Minesh K.; Karpius, Pete J.; Rabin, Michael W.; Rudy, Cliff R.; Vo, Duc T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beall, James A.; Doriese, William B.; Hilton, Gene C.; Horansky, Robert D.; Irwin, Kent D.; Ullom, Joel N.; Vale, Leila R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2294 EP 2298 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022160 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000006 ER PT J AU Bacrania, MK Hoover, AS Karpius, PJ Rabin, MW Rudy, CR Vo, DT Beall, JA Bennett, DA Doriese, WB Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Jethava, N Sassi, E Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Bacrania, M. K. Hoover, A. S. Karpius, P. J. Rabin, M. W. Rudy, C. R. Vo, D. T. Beall, J. A. Bennett, D. A. Doriese, W. B. Hilton, G. C. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. Jethava, N. Sassi, E. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. TI Large-Area Microcalorimeter Detectors for Ultra-High-Resolution X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Detectors; Pixel; Arrays; Multiplexing; Energy resolution; Next generation networking; Semiconductor device measurement AB We discuss recent developments in using cryogenic microcalorimeter detectors for x- and gamma-ray spectroscopy. We are currently operating a detector array consisting of thirteen pixels with time-domain multiplexed readout. With a single pixel from this detector, we have measured 97.43-keV gamma rays from 153-Gd with 22-eV resolution (FWHM). We have also made the first multiplexed array measurements of plutonium x-and gamma-rays with 45-eV resolution. We are currently testing a 66-pixel next-generation detector chip. Preliminary measurements with the new detector indicate improved energy linearity and single-pixel energy resolution of 50-100 eV at 100 keV. We present preliminary calibration data from this chip, and a high-statistics multiplexed 21-pixel spectrum of the Pu x-ray region between 90 and 130 keV. C1 [Bacrania, M. K.; Hoover, A. S.; Karpius, P. J.; Rabin, M. W.; Rudy, C. R.; Vo, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Jethava, N.; Sassi, E.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bacrania, MK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2299 EP 2302 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022754 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000007 ER PT J AU Golmie, N AF Golmie, N. TI SEAMLESS MOBILITY: ARE WE THERE YET? SO IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1284 J9 IEEE WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Wirel. Commun. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 486SI UT WOS:000269217600004 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Lu, KL Kota, SL Giambene, G AF Qian, Yi Lu, Keile Kota, Sastri L. Giambene, Giovanni TI SERVICE-ORIENTED BROADBAND WIRELESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE SO IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, Keile] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lu, Keile] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Kota, Sastri L.] Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. [Kota, Sastri L.] Univ Oulu, Telecommun Lab, Oulu, Finland. [Giambene, Giovanni] Univ Florence, Dept Elect Engn, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Giambene, Giovanni] OTE Marconi Grp, Florence, Italy. [Giambene, Giovanni] Univ Siena, Dept Informat Engn, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Giambene, Giovanni] Univ Siena, Course Telecommun Networks, I-53100 Siena, Italy. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1284 J9 IEEE WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Wirel. Commun. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 486SI UT WOS:000269217600005 ER PT J AU Gierczak, T Rajakumar, B Flad, JE Burkholder, JB AF Gierczak, T. Rajakumar, B. Flad, Jonathan E. Burkholder, James B. TI Rate Coefficients for the Reaction of the Acetyl Radical, CH3CO, with Cl-2 between 253 and 384 K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID 248 NM; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR CHLORINE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; HCL ELIMINATION; PRODUCT YIELDS; QUANTUM YIELD; ACETONE; KINETICS; PHOTOLYSIS AB Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction CH3CO + Cl-2 -> products (2) were measured between 253 and 384 K at 55-200 Torr (He) Rate coefficients were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in CH3CO with CH3CO produced by the 248-nm pulsed-laser photolysis of acetone, CH3C(O)CH3, or 2,3-butadione, CH3C(O)C(O)CH3. The loss of CH3CO was monitored by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) at 532 nm. Rate coefficients were determined by first-order kinetic analysis of the CH3CO temporal profiles for vertical bar Cl-2 vertical bar < 1 x 10(14) molecule cm(-3) and the analysis of the CRDS profiles by the simultaneous kinetics and ring-clown method for experiments performed with vertical bar Cl-2 vertical bar > 1 x 10(14) molecule cm(-3). k(2)(T) was found to be independent of pressure, with k(2)(296 K) = (3.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). k(2)(T) showed a weak negative temperature dependence that is well reproduced by the Arrhenius expression k(2)(T) = (2.2 +/- 0.8) x 10(-11) exp[(85 +/- 120)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted uncertainties in k(2)(T) are at the 2 sigma level (95% confidence interval) and include estimated systematic errors. A comparison of the present work with previously reported rate coefficients for the CH3CO + Cl-2 reaction is presented. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Int J Chem Kinet 41: 543-553, 2009 C1 [Gierczak, T.; Rajakumar, B.; Flad, Jonathan E.; Burkholder, James B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gierczak, T.; Rajakumar, B.; Flad, Jonathan E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gierczak, T.] Warsaw Univ, Dept Chem, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. [Rajakumar, B.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov RI B, Rajakumar/H-3479-2011; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX Contract grant sponsor: NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program.; Contract grant sponsor: NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 IS 8 BP 543 EP 553 DI 10.1002/kin.20430 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 474HP UT WOS:000268273600005 ER PT J AU Gogotsi, Y Portet, C Osswald, S Simmons, JM Yidirim, T Laudisio, G Fischer, JE AF Gogotsi, Yury Portet, Cristelle Osswald, Sebastian Simmons, Jason M. Yidirim, Taner Laudisio, Giovanna Fischer, John E. TI Importance of pore size in high-pressure hydrogen storage by porous carbons SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Carbide-derived carbon; Chemical and physical activation; Pore size ID CARBIDE-DERIVED CARBONS; SILICON-CARBIDE; ACTIVATION; ADSORPTION; NANOSTRUCTURES; CAPACITY; POROSITY AB Development of high-capacity hydrogen-storage systems utilizing physisorption at high pressure and low temperature is hindered by poor understanding of the pore size/shape requirements for achieving the maximum hydrogen uptake. Tuning the carbon structure and pore size of carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) with high accuracy by using different starting carbides, chlorination temperatures and activation temperatures allows rational design of carbon materials with increased hydrogen-storage capacity. Systematic experimental investigation of a large number of CDCs with controlled pore size distributions and specific surface area (SSA) shows that pores larger than similar to 1.5 nm contribute little to hydrogen storage. It has been experimentally demonstrated that, just as at ambient pressure, pores of 0.6-0.7 nm in diameter provide the largest H(2) uptake per unit SSA at elevated pressures and liquid nitrogen temperatures. The effect of pore size was stronger than the effect of surface chemistry on the hydrogen uptake. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gogotsi, Yury; Portet, Cristelle; Osswald, Sebastian] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gogotsi, Yury; Portet, Cristelle; Osswald, Sebastian] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Simmons, Jason M.; Yidirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laudisio, Giovanna; Fischer, John E.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gogotsi, Y (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM gogotsi@drexel.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008 OI Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC36-04GO14282] FX We are grateful to Dr. R.K. Dash (Y-Carbon), Dr. G. Yushin (currently at Georgia Tech), J.P. Singer (currently at MIT), Dr. H.-S. Kim (University of Pennsylvania) and Dr. S.-H. Yeon (Drexel University) for experimental help and helpful discussions, to Prof. A. Linares-Solano, and Dr. M.A. Lillo-Rodenas (University of Alicante) for providing KOH activated samples. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under EERE grant number DE-FC36-04GO14282. NR 26 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 34 IS 15 BP 6314 EP 6319 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.05.073 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 491ES UT WOS:000269561000032 ER PT J AU Yang, JC AF Yang, Jiann C. TI A thermodynamic analysis of refueling of a hydrogen tank SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems CY APR, 2007 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA DE Hydrogen; Refill; Refuel; Thermodynamics AB A thermodynamic analysis of refueling of a gaseous hydrogen fuel tank is described. This study may lend itself to the applications of refueling a hydrogen storage tank onboard a hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle. The gaseous hydrogen is treated as an ideal or a non-ideal gas. The refueling process is analyzed based on adiabatic, isothermal, or diathermal condition of the tank. A constant feed-rate is assumed in the analysis. The thermodynamic state of the feed stream also remains constant during refueling. Ideal-gas assumption results in simple closed-form expressions for tank temperature, pressure, and other parameters. The non-ideal behavior of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen is addressed using the newly developed equation of state for normal hydrogen, which is based on the reduced Helmholtz free energy formulation. Sample calculations are presented using initial tank and feed stream conditions commensurate to practical vehicular applications. Comparing to the non-ideal analysis, the ideal-gas assumption always results in under-prediction of the tank temperature and pressure irrespective of the filling condition. For a given target tank pressure, the refueling time is the shortest under adiabatic condition and is the longest under isothermal condition with the tank being maintained at the initial tank temperature. The adiabatic and isothermal conditions can be viewed, respectively, as the lower and upper bounds of the refueling time for a given final target tank pressure. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 224,Room B360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiann.yang@nist.gov NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 34 IS 16 BP 6712 EP 6721 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.015 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 498HH UT WOS:000270127500015 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA Gong, M AF Kedzierski, M. A. Gong, M. TI Effect of CuO nanolubricant on R134a pool boiling heat transfer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE Heat exchanger; Pool boiling; Experiment; Heat transfer; Binary mixture; Polyolester; R134a; Additive; Particle; Copper oxide ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; NANOFLUIDS; VISCOSITY AB This paper quantifies the influence of CuO nanoparticles on the boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened, horizontal, flat surface. A lubricant based nanofluid (nanolubricant) was made with a synthetic ester and CuO particles. For the 0.5% nanolubricant mass fraction, the nanoparticles caused a heat transfer enhancement relative to the heat transfer of pure R134a/polyolester (99.5/0.5) of between 50% and 275%. A smaller enhancement was observed for the R134a/nanolubricant (99/1) mixture, which had a heat flux that was on average 19% larger than that of the R134a/polyolester (99/1) mixture. Further increase in the nanolubricant mass fraction to 2% resulted in a still smaller boiling heat transfer improvement of approximately 12% on average. Thermal conductivity measurements and a refrigerant/lubricant mixture pool-boiling model were used to suggest that increased thermal conductivity is responsible for only a small portion of the heat transfer enhancement due to nanoparticles. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 [Kedzierski, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gong, M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 226,Rm B114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.kedzierski@nist.gov FU NIST FX This work was funded by NIST. Thanks go to the following NIST personnel for their constructive criticism of the first draft of the manuscript: Mr. B. Dougherty, and Dr. P. Domanski. Thanks go to Prof. A. Jacobi of the University of Illinois at Urbana -Champaign and to Prof. James Bryan of the University of Missouri -Columbia for their constructive criticisms of the second draft of the manuscript. Furthermore, the authors extend appreciation to W. Guthrie and Mr. A. Heckert of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division for their consultations on the uncertainty analysis. Some boiling heat transfer measurements were taken by Mr. David Wilmering of KT Consultants. The RL68H (EMKARATE RL 68H) was donated by Dr. S. Randles of Uniqema. The RL68H1Cu was manufactured by Nanophase Technologies with a copper (11) oxide and dispersant in RL68H especially for NIST. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 791 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2008.12.007 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 471IF UT WOS:000268048800005 ER PT J AU Shibayama, M Matsunaga, T Nagao, M AF Shibayama, Mitsuhiro Matsunaga, Takuro Nagao, Michihiro TI Evaluation of incoherent scattering intensity by transmission and sample thickness SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SANS-U; POLYSTYRENE; INSTRUMENT; LIGHT; WATER; BULK AB The H atom has a large incoherent scattering cross section and is a major source of incoherent scattering intensity, (d Sigma/d Omega)(inc), in small-angle neutron scattering. By taking account of multiple scattering from H atoms, a useful method (the transmission method or T method) is proposed for the estimation of (d Sigma/d Omega)(inc) for various types of hydrogen-containing systems. The incoherent scattering intensity is calculated simply from the transmission, T, and the thickness of the sample, t, i.e. (d Sigma/d Omega)(inc) congruent to[exp(Sigma(tot)t) - 1]/(4 pi t) = (1 - T)/(4 pi tT), where Sigma(tot) equivalent to -(lnT)/t is the macroscopic total cross section per unit volume. This method provides a reasonably accurate value of incoherent scattering intensity for various systems. The validity and the extent of applicability of the T method are examined for several samples, including light/heavy water mixtures, polymer gels and surfactant aqueous dispersions. C1 [Shibayama, Mitsuhiro; Matsunaga, Takuro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Shibayama, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. EM shibayama@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/E-1646-2015 OI Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/0000-0002-8683-5070 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 42 BP 621 EP 628 DI 10.1107/S0021889809022456 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 471OO UT WOS:000268068000009 ER PT J AU Levin, PS Kaplan, I Grober-Dunsmore, R Chittaro, PM Oyamada, S Andrews, K Mangel, M AF Levin, Phillip S. Kaplan, Isaac Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki Chittaro, Paul M. Oyamada, Seichi Andrews, Kate Mangel, Marc TI A framework for assessing the biodiversity and fishery aspects of marine reserves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California current; ecosystem-based management; fisheries management; marine protected area; species-area relationship ID SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP; DEPENDENT HABITAT SELECTION; PROTECTED AREAS; SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES; TRADE-OFFS; REEF FISH; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; DESIGN; YIELD AB P> Resource management agencies are often charged with managing natural resources for economic and social goals, while also protecting and conserving biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, this may not always be possible. Ecosystem-based management is frequently suggested as a way to achieve multiple objectives in resource management and requires that trade-offs among conflicting objectives be identified and an effective means to utilize these trade-offs developed. We examine the relationship between area and species richness in a diverse assemblage of fishes along the US West Coast and then use parameters from this relationship as input for a model that considers trade-offs between fisheries yield and the number of species protected by different management strategies. The species-area relationship (S = cA(z)) for fishes along the US Pacific coast is well described by the relationship S = 16 center dot 18A(0 center dot 226). There are nearly linear trade-offs between diversity and yield when fishing effort is low. However, the trade-offs become nonlinear as fishing effort increases and imposing MPAs increases both the conservation and fisheries value of the system when the system is overfished. Synthesis and applications. Solving conflicts between fisheries and conservation requires attention as to how conservation benefits accrue as fishing effort is reduced. However, scientists often lack quantitative information about the trade-offs inherent in human activities such as fisheries. The approach we develop here can begin to help frame the questions to be posed and evaluate the likely consequences of different management options. C1 [Levin, Phillip S.; Kaplan, Isaac; Chittaro, Paul M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki] NOAA, Inst Sci, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Oyamada, Seichi; Andrews, Kate; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Oyamada, Seichi; Andrews, Kate; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Andrews, Kate] NOAA Fisheries, Panama City Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.levin@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service Santa Cruz Laboratory FX This paper is a product of the NOAA Working Group to integrate the science of MPAs and Fishery Science and Management, and the Center for Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR) funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service Santa Cruz Laboratory. The authors thank A. Punt for this thoughtful comments on various drafts of this manuscript. The fish abundance data used in this paper are the result of the incredible work, often conducted in unpleasant conditions, of the Survey Team of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. We are grateful for all their efforts. PSL thanks S. O'Grady for inspiration along the bumpy road. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 735 EP 742 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01667.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466ZW UT WOS:000267706000001 ER PT J AU Mohanty, RR Guyer, JE Sohn, YH AF Mohanty, R. R. Guyer, J. E. Sohn, Y. H. TI Diffusion under temperature gradient: A phase-field model study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE alloys; Monte Carlo methods; thermal diffusion; thermodynamics ID THERMAL DIFFUSION; CONSTITUENT REDISTRIBUTION; ZR ALLOYS; CARBON; SYSTEM; THERMOMIGRATION; THERMOTRANSPORT; TRANSPORT; SOLIDS; IRON AB A diffuse interface model was devised and employed to investigate the effect of thermotransport (a.k.a., thermomigration) process in single-phase and two-phase alloys of a binary system. Simulation results show that an applied temperature gradient can cause significant redistribution of constituent elements and phases in the alloy. The magnitude and the direction of the redistribution depend on the initial composition, the atomic mobility and the heat of transport of the respective elements. In two-phase alloys, the thermomigration effect can cause the formation of single-element rich phases at the cold and hot ends of the alloy (i.e., demixing). C1 [Mohanty, R. R.; Sohn, Y. H.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Mohanty, R. R.; Sohn, Y. H.] Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Guyer, J. E.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohanty, RR (reprint author), ArcelorMittal Global R&D, E Chicago, IN 46312 USA. EM rmohanty@mail.ucf.edu; guyer@nist.gov; ysohn@mail.ucf.edu RI Sohn, Yongho/A-8517-2010; Mohanty, Rashmi/G-5196-2012; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016 OI Sohn, Yongho/0000-0003-3723-4743; Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589 FU Idaho National Laboratory [00081977]; CAREER Award from National Science Foundation [DMR-0238356] FX Authors would like to thank the financial support from Idaho National Laboratory (Contract No. 00081977) under the operation of U. S. Department of Energy-Battelle Enegy Alliance, LLC (Contract No. DE-AC07-051D14517) and CAREER Award from National Science Foundation (Contract No. DMR-0238356). Technical guidance from Drs. Maria Okuniewski, Dennis D. Keiser, Jr., and Steven Hayes from Idaho National Laboratory is sincerely appreciated. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of financial supports aforementioned. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 3 AR 034912 DI 10.1063/1.3190607 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 484QA UT WOS:000269060700104 ER PT J AU Toth, M Lobo, CJ Lysaght, MJ Vladar, AE Postek, MT AF Toth, Milos Lobo, Charlene J. Lysaght, Michael J. Vladar, Andras E. Postek, Michael T. TI Contamination-free imaging by electron induced carbon volatilization in environmental scanning electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE adsorbed layers; alumina; chromium; copper; elemental semiconductors; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; indium compounds; metallic thin films; organic compounds; scanning electron microscopy; semiconductor growth; semiconductor thin films; silicon; silicon compounds ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BEAM DEPOSITION; SPECIMEN CONTAMINATION; DIMENSIONAL METROLOGY; GOLD NANOSTRUCTURES; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; QUANTITATIVE XPS; WATER; FABRICATION; ENHANCEMENT AB Many ultraviolet, x-ray and charged particle beam techniques are inhibited by the growth of carbonaceous films caused by cross linking of hydrocarbon contaminant adsorbates. In electron microscopy, such films obscure surface features and reduce resolution. We demonstrate how resolution degradation can be alleviated using a H(2)O environment via gas mediated, electron beam induced carbon volatilization, a process that competes with film growth. Net behavior is a function of electron flux, which provides control over growth kinetics during imaging. Under optimized conditions, film growth can be eliminated, removing contamination as a factor limiting image information content and resolution. C1 [Toth, Milos; Lobo, Charlene J.; Lysaght, Michael J.] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Vladar, Andras E.; Postek, Michael T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Toth, M (reprint author), FEI Co, 5350 NE Dawson Creek Dr, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. EM milos.toth@fei.com RI Toth, Milos/B-5917-2013; Lobo, Charlene/B-3977-2013; Lobo, Charlene/G-5003-2011 OI Toth, Milos/0000-0003-1564-4899; Lobo, Charlene/0000-0002-2746-1363; Lobo, Charlene/0000-0002-2746-1363 NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 3 AR 034306 DI 10.1063/1.3187926 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 484QA UT WOS:000269060700075 ER PT J AU Sieglaff, JM Schmit, TJ Menzel, WP Ackerman, SA AF Sieglaff, Justin M. Schmit, Timothy J. Menzel, W. Paul Ackerman, Steven A. TI Inferring Convective Weather Characteristics with Geostationary High Spectral Resolution IR Window Measurements: A Look into the Future SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; SOUNDER; AIRS; GENERATION; CHANNELS; PATTERNS; TRADE; LEVEL AB A high spectral resolution geostationary sounder can make spectrally detailed measurements of the infrared spectrum at high temporal resolution, which provides unique information about the lower-tropospheric temperature and moisture structure. Within the infrared window region, many spectrally narrow, relatively weak water vapor absorption lines and one carbon dioxide absorption line exist. Frequent measurement of these absorption lines can provide critical information for monitoring the evolution of the lower-tropospheric thermodynamic state. This can improve short-term convective forecasts by monitoring regions of changing atmospheric stability. While providing valuable observations, the current geostationary sounders are spectrally broad and do not resolve the important spectrally narrow absorption lines needed to observe the planetary boundary layer. The usefulness of high spectral resolution measurements from polar-orbiting instruments has been shown in the literature, as has the usefulness of high temporal resolution measurements from geostationary instruments. Little attention has been given to the combination of high temporal along with high spectral resolution measurements. This paper demonstrates the potential utility of high temporal and high spectral resolution infrared radiances. C1 [Sieglaff, Justin M.; Menzel, W. Paul; Ackerman, Steven A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Sieglaff, JM (reprint author), 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM justins@ssec.wisc.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; FU NOAA GOES-R [NA06NES4400002] FX The authors thank Jim Gurka of NOAA for funding this project, Jun Li of CIMSS for useful discussions and support, Louie Grasso of CIRA for RAMS temperature and moisture data, Bob Rabin of NSSL/CIMSS for hourly RUC data, and Paolo Antonelli of SSEC for providing LBLRTM data. This study was partially supported by NOAA GOES-R Grant NA06NES4400002. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1527 EP 1541 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1210.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481IN UT WOS:000268801300006 ER PT J AU Hanson, JL Tracy, BA Tolman, HL Scott, RD AF Hanson, Jeffrey L. Tracy, Barbara A. Tolman, Hendrik L. Scott, R. Douglas TI Pacific Hindcast Performance of Three Numerical Wave Models SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROLL BUOYS; WIND; SPECTRA; PITCH AB Although mean or integral properties of wave spectra are typically used to evaluate numerical wave model performance, one must look into the spectral details to identify sources of model deficiencies. This creates a significant problem, as basin-scale wave models can generate millions of independent spectral values. To facilitate selection of a wave modeling technology for producing a multidecade Pacific hindcast, a new approach was developed to reduce the spectral content contained in detailed wave hindcasts to a convenient set of performance indicators. The method employs efficient image processing tools to extract windsea and swell wave components from monthly series of nondirectional and directional wave spectra. Using buoy observations as ground truth, both temporal correlation (TC) and quantile-quantile (QQ) statistical analyses are used to quantify hindcast skill in reproducing measured wave component height, period, and direction attributes. An integrated performance analysis synthesizes the TC and QQ results into a robust assessment of prediction skill and yields distinctive diagnostics on model inputs and source term behavior. The method is applied to a set of Pacific basin hindcasts computed using the WAM, WAVEWATCH III, and WAVAD numerical wave models. The results provide a unique assessment of model performance and have guided the selection of WAVEWATCH III for use in Pacific hindcast production runs for the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Wave Information Studies Program. C1 [Hanson, Jeffrey L.] USA, Corps Engineers, Field Res Facil, Duck, NC USA. [Tracy, Barbara A.] USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Scott, R. Douglas] WF Baird & Associates Coastal Engineers Ltd, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Hanson, JL (reprint author), USACE Field Res Facil, 1261 Duck Rd, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. EM jeffrey.l.hanson@usace.army.mil NR 41 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1614 EP 1633 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHO650.1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481IN UT WOS:000268801300013 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Saylor, DM McDermott, MK Patwardhan, DV Warren, JA AF Kim, Chang-Soo Saylor, David M. McDermott, Martin K. Patwardhan, Dinesh V. Warren, James A. TI Modeling Solvent Evaporation During the Manufacture of Controlled Drug-Release Coatings and the Impact on Release Kinetics SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE drug delivery/release; stents; microstructure; computer modeling; simulation; controlled release ID DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; MACROPOROUS POLYMERS; ELUTING STENTS; SYSTEMS AB To improve functionality and performance, controlled drug-release coatings comprised of drug and polymer are integrated with traditional medical devices, e.g., drug eluting stents. Depending on manufacturing conditions, these coatings can exhibit complex microstructures. Previously, a thermodynamically consistent model was developed for microstructure evolution in these systems to establish relationships between process variables, microstructure, and the subsequent release kinetics. Calculations based on the model were, in general, consistent with experimental findings. However, because of assumptions regarding the evaporation of solvent during fabrication, the model was unable to capture variations through the coating thickness that are observed experimentally. Here, a straightforward method is introduced to incorporate solvent evaporation explicitly into the model. Calculations are used to probe the impact of solvent evaporation rate and drug loading on the microstructure that forms during manufacturing and subsequent drug release kinetics. The predicted structures and release kinetics are found to be consistent with experimental observations. Further, the calculations demonstrate that solvent evaporation rate can be as critical to device performance as the amount of drug within the coating. For example, changes of a factor of five in the amount of drug released were observed by modifying the rate of solvent evaporation during manufacturing. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals. Inc.* J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 90B: 688-699, 2009 C1 [Kim, Chang-Soo; Saylor, David M.; McDermott, Martin K.; Patwardhan, Dinesh V.] US FDA, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Ctr Device & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. [Warren, James A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Labs, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), US FDA, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Ctr Device & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. EM chang-soo.kim@fda.hhs.gov RI Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4973 EI 1552-4981 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90B IS 2 BP 688 EP 699 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.31336 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 472FD UT WOS:000268114200026 PM 19213052 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ AF Bruno, Thomas J. TI Simple, Quantitative Headspace Analysis by Cryoadsorption on a Short Alumina PLOT Column SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Ion Chromatography Symposium CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL Portland, OR SP Calif Separat Sci Soc ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EXPLOSIVE VAPOR DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VORTEX TUBE; WATER C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 480PL UT WOS:000268748300015 PM 19772729 ER PT J AU Bieda, SW Castro, CL Mullen, SL Comrie, AC Pytlak, E AF Bieda, Stephen W., III Castro, Christopher L. Mullen, Steven L. Comrie, Andrew C. Pytlak, Erik TI The Relationship of Transient Upper-Level Troughs to Variability of the North American Monsoon System SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; REGIONAL REANALYSIS; CONVECTIVE RAINFALL; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; SUMMER CLIMATE; NAME 2004; PRECIPITATION AB Relationships between transient upper-tropospheric troughs and warm season convective activity over the southwest United States and northern Mexico are explored. Analysis of geopotential height and vorticity fields from the North American Regional Reanalysis and cloud-to-ground lightning data indicates that the passage of mobile inverted troughs (IVs) significantly enhances convection when it coincides with the peak diurnal cycle (1800-0900 UTC) over the North American monsoon (NAM) region. The preferred tracks of IVs during early summer are related to the dominant modes of Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability. When La Nina-like (El Nino-like) conditions prevail in the tropical Pacific and the eastern North Pacific has a horseshoe-shaped negative (positive) SST anomaly, IVs preferentially track farther north (south) and are slightly (typically one IV) more (less) numerous. These results point to the important role that synoptic-scale disturbances play in modulating the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the NAM region and the significant impact that the statistically supported low-frequency Pacific SST anomalies exert on the occurrence and track of these synoptic transients. C1 [Bieda, Stephen W., III; Castro, Christopher L.; Mullen, Steven L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bieda, Stephen W., III; Castro, Christopher L.; Mullen, Steven L.] Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Comrie, Andrew C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pytlak, Erik] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Bieda, SW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Phys Atmospher Sci Bldg,Rm 542,1118 E 4th St,POB, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM bieda@atmo.arizona.edu OI Bieda III, Stephen/0000-0002-3840-1665 FU Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Arizona FX We acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Kenneth Cummins in providing the lightning data and Dr. Angel Otarola in the analysis of NARR data. The authors thank Dr. David Gochis and two anonymous reviewers of the manuscript for their comments and suggestions during the revision process. The Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Arizona supported this research. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 15 BP 4213 EP 4227 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2487.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481JA UT WOS:000268803200011 ER PT J AU Reppond, K Rugolo, L de Oliveira, ACM AF Reppond, Kermit Rugolo, Louis de Oliveira, Alexandra C. M. TI CHANGE IN BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE OVARY OF SNOW CRAB, CHIONOECETES OPILIO, DURING SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chionoecetes opilio fatty acid; lipid; ovary; snow crab; seasonal development ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; LIPID-METABOLISM; MATURATION; PRAWN; BROODSTOCK; RESERVES; EMBRYOS AB Snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio, were obtained approximately bimonthly from the eastern Bering Sea and sampled for biometric information and biochemical analysis of ovaries, which included determination of moisture, ash, total lipid, protein content, fatty acid and lipid profiles. Development of the ovary during the reproductive cycle largely followed the pattern seen in other crustaceans, namely an increase in size and lipid content. However, the increase in lipid content occurred early in the development cycle and was stable thereafter. Both the lipid and fatty acid profiles were relatively stable throughout development. The fatty acid profile of the ovary of C. opilio differs from other crustaceans by having relatively high percentages of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and low percentage of arachidonic acid (ARA). Forward stepwise general discriminant analysis of fatty acid profile indicated that it can be used to classify the development of ovaries at least during the last five months of the yearly reproductive cycle. C1 [Reppond, Kermit] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Rugolo, Louis] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [de Oliveira, Alexandra C. M.] Univ Alaska, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Reppond, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM kermit.d.reppond@noaa.gov; lou.rugolo@noaa.gov; ffamo@uaf.edu RI Rugolo, Ligia Maria /G-1628-2013 OI Rugolo, Ligia Maria /0000-0002-1550-0740 FU NOAA [NA17FNI274]; State of Alaska for Bering Sea Snow Crab Fishery Restoration research FX We would like to thank Douglas Pengilly and Richard Shepard of Commercial Fisheries Region 4 Kodiak Office of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for their generous assistance in processing data for this report. Partial funding toward the collection of specimens used in this study wag provided under NOAA Award NA17FNI274 to the State of Alaska for Bering Sea Snow Crab Fishery Restoration research. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1651/08-3097.1 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 463UL UT WOS:000267457500015 ER PT J AU Roshko, A Harvey, TE Hyland, BL Lehman, SY Cobry, KD AF Roshko, Alexana Harvey, Todd E. Hyland, Brit L. Lehman, Susan Y. Cobry, Keith D. TI Lateral variations in self-assembled InGaAs quantum dot distributions SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy; Nanostructures; Self-assembly; Molecular beam epitaxy; Quantum dots; InAs/GaAs ID 1.3 MU-M; INAS ISLANDS; GROWTH; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SIZE; MORPHOLOGY; DENSITY; ORGANIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB The lateral uniformity of self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was assessed as a function of growth conditions. Variations in the dot density and height were determined from atomic force micrographs. Growth rate had a large influence on lateral uniformity. The most uniform dot distributions were grown at low rates, 0.15 monolayers/s (ML/s). Dots deposited at a rate of 1.15 ML/s had large variations in both height and density. These variations decreased as the dot density increased; however, they remained larger than those of dots deposited slowly. The lateral uniformity of dots deposited quickly also improved for the top layer of dots in stacked layers, even though these layers had decreased dot densities. There were negligible differences in the lateral height and density uniformities of dots as functions of continuous versus pulsed growth, wafer diameter and mole fraction of In. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Roshko, Alexana; Harvey, Todd E.; Hyland, Brit L.; Lehman, Susan Y.; Cobry, Keith D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Roshko, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM roshko@boulder.nist.gov OI Lehman, Susan/0000-0003-4735-1417 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 311 IS 16 BP 4109 EP 4115 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.06.040 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 491LK UT WOS:000269580100022 ER PT J AU Dong, YL Prasad, K AF Dong, Yuli Prasad, Kuldeep TI Behavior of Full-scale Frames with Slim Floor Slab Construction under Exposure in a Fire Resistance Furnace SO JOURNAL OF FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE slim floor; structural failure; furnace heating; composite steel frame; fire resistance ID STEEL FRAMES; BEAMS AB In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing and designing slim floor systems in steel-framed buildings. This article describes the results of a furnace test conducted on two full-scale composite steel frames with slim floor slab construction to understand their performance under fire loading. In one frame, the beam-to-column connections were protected, while in the second frame, the columns as well as the beam-to-column connections were protected. During the test, the furnace temperature, the steel and concrete temperature, as well as the horizontal and vertical displacements were recorded. The complete deformation process of the test frame observed during the heating phase and the cooling phase, including failure of the frame, is described in this article. A comparison of the data obtained from the two tests indicates that the fire resistance of a composite beam is significantly better than that of a steel column. Fire resistance of composite frames with slim floor slabs is compared with data on a conventional floor slab. Results indicate that the fire resistance rating of frames constructed with slim floor slabs is tit least as good as that of frames with conventional floor slab construction. C1 [Dong, Yuli] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Prasad, Kuldeep] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dong, YL (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China. EM dongyl@hit.edu.cn FU NSFC [50878069]; China MOST [2006BAJ13B03, HZ2008-KF03] FX This project was supported by the NSFC with Grant No. 50878069, the China MOST with Grant No. 2006BAJ13B03 and HZ2008-KF03, and one of the authors (Y. Dong) deeply appreciated their support. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1042-3915 J9 J FIRE PROT ENG JI J. Fire Prot. Eng. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 197 EP 220 DI 10.1177/1042391509104183 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 477TK UT WOS:000268541600003 ER PT J AU Papastamatiou, YP Caselle, JE Friedlander, AM Lowe, CG AF Papastamatiou, Y. P. Caselle, J. E. Friedlander, A. M. Lowe, C. G. TI Distribution, size frequency, and sex ratios of blacktip reef sharks Carcharhinus melanopterus at Palmyra Atoll: a predator-dominated ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CPUE; diet; sexual segregation; size of maturity ID NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; AUSTRALIA; HABITAT; WATERS AB Blacktip reef sharks Carcharhinus melanopterus were the most abundant predator in the lagoons at Palmyra Atoll. They were evenly distributed throughout the lagoons, although there was some evidence of sexual segregation. Males reach sexual maturity between 940-1020 mm L(T). Bird remains were found in some C. melanopterus stomachs. C. melanopterus at Palmyra appear to be smaller than those at other locations. C1 [Papastamatiou, Y. P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Dept Zool, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Caselle, J. E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Friedlander, A. M.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment,Biogeog Branc, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Friedlander, A. M.] Ocean Inst, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Lowe, C. G.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Papastamatiou, YP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Dept Zool, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM yannis@hawaii.edu FU National Geographic Society (Committee for Research and Exploration) [7990-06] FX This research was funded by the National Geographic Society (Committee for Research and Exploration grant 7990-06). We would like to thank T. Clark, N. Whitney, L. Max, L. Davis and G. Goodmanlowe for their help with fishing. H. Young helped identify bird remains. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02329.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 495OZ UT WOS:000269904400012 PM 20738562 ER PT J AU Weinstein, MP Litvin, SY Guida, VG Chambers, RC AF Weinstein, M. P. Litvin, S. Y. Guida, V. G. Chambers, R. C. TI Is global climate change influencing the overwintering distribution of weakfish Cynoscion regalis? SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE juvenile fish; migration patterns; mid-Atlantic ID JUVENILE WEAKFISH; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; LIFE-HISTORY; DELAWARE BAY; FOOD WEBS; GROWTH; MARSH; PHYTOPLANKTON; FISHES; RIVER AB The pattern of stable isotope signatures in a sub-sample of 67 juvenile weakfish Cynoscion regalis, captured at the mouth of the Christina River, 113 km upstream of the mouth of Delaware Bay (U.S.A) in the autumn of 2000, suggested that they resided at the location since recruitment. The possibility that young C. regalis departed from the generally characteristic life-history pattern of marine migrants at this latitude, i.e. emigrating offshore with the adults in autumn was bolstered by the collection of 69 individuals during the winters of 2000-2006 from the travelling screens of a power plant located at river kilometre 88 including an 118 mm total length juvenile captured in mid-February 2006. C1 [Weinstein, M. P.] Montclair State Univ, Inst Sustainabil, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Litvin, S. Y.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Guida, V. G.; Chambers, R. C.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Weinstein, MP (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Inst Sustainabil, 1 Normal Ave, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM weinsteinmi@mail.montclair.edu FU NOAA [NA 86FD0109, NA 17RG1396]; USEPA [R82916501, R82916601] FX Funding for this project was made available through grants NA 86FD0109 and NA 17RG1396 (NOAA); NJWWRI, Graduate Student Grant-in-Aid; USEPA grants R82916501 and R82916601 (USEPA, National Coastal Assessment); the Marsh Ecology Research Program (MERP) and the Estuary Enhancement Program (EEP). The authors thank J. Balletto and K. Strait (PSEG) for providing the power plant monitoring data, and the crew of the R., V. Walford for assistance throughout these studies. K. Able and three anonymous reviewers provided insightful reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP 693 EP 698 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02304.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 495OZ UT WOS:000269904400016 PM 20738566 ER PT J AU Work, TM Dagenais, J Balazs, GH Schumacher, J Lewis, TD Leong, JAC Casey, RN Casey, JW AF Work, Thierry M. Dagenais, Julie Balazs, George H. Schumacher, Joanne Lewis, Teresa D. Leong, Jo-Ann C. Casey, Rufina N. Casey, James W. TI In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; SIMPLEX-VIRUS; CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; TISSUE-CULTURE; MAREKS-DISEASE; LYTIC CYCLE; REACTIVATION; REPLICATION AB Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of green turtles has a global distribution and causes debilitating tumours of the skin and internal organs in several species of marine turtles. FP is associated with a presently non-cultivable alphaherpesvirus Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV). Our aims were to employ quantitative PCR targeted to pol DNA of CFPHV to determine (i) if DNA sequesters by tumour size and/or cell type, (ii) whether subculturing of cells is a viable strategy for isolating CFPHV and (iii) whether CFPHV can be induced to a lytic growth cycle in vitro using chemical modulators of replication (CMRs), temperature variation or co-cultivation. Additional objectives included determining whether non-tumour and tumour cells behave differently in vitro and confirming the phenotype of cultured cells using cell-type-specific antigens. CFPHV pol DNA was preferentially concentrated in dermal fibroblasts of skin tumours and the amount of viral DNA per cell was independent of tumour size. Copy number of CFPHV pol DNA per cell rapidly decreased with cell doubling of tumour-derived fibroblasts in culture. Attempts to induce viral replication in known CFPHV-DNA-positive cells using temperature or CMR failed. No significant differences were seen in in vitro morphology or growth characteristics of fibroblasts from tumour cells and paired normal skin, nor from CFPHV pol-DNA-positive intestinal tumour cells. Tumour cells were confirmed as fibroblasts or keratinocytes by positive staining with anti-vimentin and anti-pancytokeratin antibodies, respectively. CFPHV continues to be refractory to in vitro cultivation. C1 [Work, Thierry M.; Dagenais, Julie; Schumacher, Joanne] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lewis, Teresa D.; Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Casey, Rufina N.; Casey, James W.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 44 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 BP 1943 EP 1950 DI 10.1099/vir.0.011650-0 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 479YX UT WOS:000268699400018 PM 19386781 ER PT J AU Shoenfelt, J Mitkus, RJ Zeisler, R Spatz, RO Powell, J Fenton, MJ Squibb, KA Medvedev, AE AF Shoenfelt, Joanna Mitkus, Robert J. Zeisler, Rolf Spatz, Rabia O. Powell, Jan Fenton, Matthew J. Squibb, Katherine A. Medvedev, Andrei E. TI Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 in inflammatory immune responses induced by fine and coarse ambient air particulate matter SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TLR; LPS; inflammation; signal transduction; cytokines ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-2; NF-KAPPA-B; INDUCED SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; EMERGENCY-ROOM VISITS; CELL-WALL COMPONENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CUTTING EDGE; POLLUTION PARTICLES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB Induction of proinflammatory mediators by alveolar macrophages exposed to ambient air particulate matter has been suggested to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and allergic diseases in the lungs. However, receptors and mechanisms underlying these responses have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined whether TLR2, TLR4, and the key adaptor protein, MyD88, mediate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to fine and coarse PM. TLR2 deficiency blunted macrophage TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression in response to fine (PM(2.5)), while not affecting cytokine-inducing ability of coarse NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM 1648) particles. In contrast, TLR4(-/-) macrophages showed inhibited cytokine expression upon stimulation with NIST SRM 1648 but exhibited normal responses to PM(2.5). Preincubation with polymyxin B markedly suppressed the capacity of NIST SRM 1648 to elicit TNF-alpha and IL-6, indicating endotoxin as a principal inducer of cytokine responses. Overexpression of TLR2 in TLR2/4-deficient human embryonic kidney 293 cells imparted PM(2.5) sensitivity, as judged by IL-8 gene expression, whereas NIST SRM 1648, but not PM(2.5) elicited IL-8 expression in 293/TLR4/MD-2 transfectants. Engagement of TLR4 by NIST SRM 1648 induced MyD88-independent expression of the chemokine RANTES, while TLR2-reactive NIST IRM PM(2.5) failed to up-regulate this response. Consistent with the shared use of MyD88 by TLR2 and TLR4, cytokine responses of MyD88(-/-) macrophages to both types of air PM were significantly reduced. These data indicate differential utilization of TLR2 and TLR4 but shared use of MyD88 by fine and coarse air pollution particles. J. Leukoc. Biol. 86: 303-312; 2009. C1 [Shoenfelt, Joanna; Medvedev, Andrei E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Mitkus, Robert J.; Powell, Jan; Squibb, Katherine A.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Fenton, Matthew J.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zeisler, Rolf; Spatz, Rabia O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Medvedev, AE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 660 W Redwood St,Howard Hall Bldg,Rm 324, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM amedvedev@som.umaryland.edu FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 AI059524] FX This study was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health RO1 grant AI059524 (to A. E. M.) NR 78 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 15 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1189/jlb.1008587 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 476PP UT WOS:000268454900013 PM 19406832 ER PT J AU Ralph, DC Stiles, MD AF Ralph, D. C. Stiles, M. D. TI Spin Transfer Torques (vol 320, pg 1190, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Correction C1 [Ralph, D. C.] Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralph, DC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM ralph@ccmr.cornell.edu RI Ralph, Daniel/G-3251-2010; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 321 IS 16 BP 2508 EP 2508 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.03.060 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 445FQ UT WOS:000266036000023 ER PT J AU Stromberg, KHP Smyth, TJ Allen, JI Pitois, S O'Brien, TD AF Stroemberg, K. H. Patrik Smyth, Timothy J. Allen, J. Icarus Pitois, Sophie O'Brien, Todd D. TI Estimation of global zooplankton biomass from satellite ocean colour SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton biomass; Primary production; Global model; Trophic efficiency; Satellite data ID CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SIZE SPECTRA; CPR DATA; CHLOROPHYLL; COPEPODS; MODEL AB A changing Earth System requires knowledge on a global scale. The only way of obtaining detailed information at these scales is by using satellite remote sensing and/or modeling. In the marine environment, information on primary production (PP) is derivable from satellite data, whereas datasets of higher trophic levels are sparse. The challenge is to combine these two sources. A model relating the flow of energy from PP to zooplankton biomass, was used to address this problem. The model was parameterised with PP from the SeaWiFS satellite ocean colour record and a subset of a global dataset of zooplankton biomass. The model was then validated with the remaining zooplankton data. The model was used to: produce a map of annual global, zooplankton biomass, quantify the flow of carbon from PP to zooplankton and investigate the spatial variability of this flow. One of the more notable findings is that more energy is transferred to zooplankton when PP is low. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stroemberg, K. H. Patrik; Smyth, Timothy J.; Allen, J. Icarus] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Pitois, Sophie] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. [O'Brien, Todd D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Stromberg, KHP (reprint author), Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. EM psto@pml.ac.uk RI Smyth, Tim/D-2008-2012 FU EU Marie Curie EST project METAOCEANS [MES-F-CT-2005-019678] FX This research was funded by the EU Marie Curie EST project METAOCEANS (MES-F-CT-2005-019678). Roger Harris-for constructive comments on the manuscript. SAHFOS - for consistently maintaining one of the longest plankton time series database in the world. All individual investigators and institutions who have contributed to COPEPOD. Simon Jennings for suggesting a different P:B-ratio approach. All statistical testing was performed using the R language and environment for statistical computing (http://CRAN.R-project.org). Satellite data was prepared in IDL Ocean color data used in this study were produced by the SeaWiFS Project at Goddard Space Flight Center. The data were obtained from the Goddard Earth Sciences Distributed Active Archive Center under the auspices of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Use of this data is in accord with the SeaWiFS Research Data Use Terms and Conditions Agreement. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 78 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.02.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 479ZO UT WOS:000268701200003 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Weir, MD Sun, LM Ngai, S Takagi, S Chow, LC AF Xu, Hockin H. K. Weir, Michael D. Sun, Limin Ngai, Scott Takagi, Shozo Chow, Laurence C. TI Effect of filler level and particle size on dental caries-inhibiting Ca-PO(4) composite SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SILICA-FUSED WHISKERS; RESIN COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PO4 RELEASE; RESTORATIONS; PHOSPHATE; HYDROXYAPATITE; CONVERSION; STRESS; WATER AB Secondary caries and restoration fracture are common problems in restorative dentistry. The aim of this study was to develop Ca-PO(4) nanocomposite having improved stress-bearing properties and Ca and PO(4) ion release to inhibit caries, and to determine the effects of filler level. Nanoparticles of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), two larger DCPA powders, and reinforcing whiskers were incorporated into a resin. A 6 x 3 design was tested with six filler mass fractions (0, 30, 50, 65, 70, and 75%) and three DCPA particle sizes (112 nm, 0.88 mu m, 12.0 mu m). The DCPA nanocomposite at 75% fillers had a flexural strength (mean +/- A SD; n = 6) of 114 +/- A 23 MPa, matching the 112 +/- A 22 MPa of a commercial non-releasing, hybrid composite (P > 0.1). This was 2-fold of the 60 +/- A 6 MPa of a commercial releasing control. Decreasing the particle size increased the ion release. Increasing the filler level increased the ion release at a rate faster than being linear. The amount of ion release from the nanocomposite matched or exceeded those of previous composites that released supersaturating levels of Ca and PO(4) and remineralized tooth lesions. This suggests that the much stronger nanocomposite may also be effective in remineralizing tooth lesion and inhibiting caries. In summary, combining calcium phosphate nanoparticles with reinforcing co-fillers in the composite provided a way to achieving both caries-inhibiting and stress-bearing capabilities. Filler level and particle size can be tailored to achieve optimal composite properties. C1 [Xu, Hockin H. K.; Weir, Michael D.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sun, Limin; Ngai, Scott; Takagi, Shozo; Chow, Laurence C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [R01 DE14190, DE17974, DE16416]; Maryland Nano-Biotechnology Award; University of Maryland Dental School; NIST; ADAF FX We thank Dr. J. M. Antonucci for discussions, A. A. Giuseppetti for assistance, and Esstech (Essington, PA) for providing the resins. This study was supported by NIH R01 DE14190 (Xu), DE17974 (Xu) and DE16416 (Chow), Maryland Nano-Biotechnology Award (Xu), University of Maryland Dental School, NIST, and the ADAF. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1771 EP 1779 DI 10.1007/s10856-009-3740-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 472BE UT WOS:000268103300021 PM 19365616 ER PT J AU Hougen, JT AF Hougen, Jon T. TI Strategies for advanced applications of permutation-inversion groups to the microwave spectra of molecules with large amplitude motions SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Coordinate transformations; Large-amplitude motions; Molecule-fixed coordinates; Permutation-inversion groups; Rotational energy levels; Symmetry operations ID GROUP-THEORETICAL TREATMENT; ROTATIONAL ENERGY LEVELS; TUNNELING SPLITTINGS; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; SYMMETRY GROUPS; INTERNAL-ROTOR; TOP; CLASSIFICATION; DIMER AB This article presents permutation-inversion group-theoretical strategies and recipes aimed at helping a high-resolution molecular spectroscopist use the existing pedagogical literature to carry out their own treatment of the basic symmetry questions in rotating molecules with large-amplitude vibrational motions. Topics addressed include: determination of the feasible permutation-inversion group and its symmetry species and character table; a general equation defining coordinates that can describe translation, overall rotation, large-amplitude vibrations and small-amplitude vibrations for a large class of floppy molecules; and the determination of symmetry species for basis functions and selection rules for operators written in these coordinates. The article is intended to be more advanced than existing pedagogical works, but it still leaves many important topics untreated. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.hougen@nist.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 256 IS 2 BP 170 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2009.04.011 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 478PD UT WOS:000268599300002 ER PT J AU Liu, CL Huang, CL Ni, CK Ohashi, N Hougen, JT AF Liu, Chen-Lin Huang, Cheng-Liang Ni, Chi-Kung Ohashi, Nobukimi Hougen, Jon T. TI Analysis and fit of the high-resolution spectrum of the (A)over-tilde(1)A(u)-(X)over-tilde(1)A(g) LIF spectrum of the two-equivalent-top molecule biacetyl SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Biacetyl; Internal rotation; Least-squares fit; Rotational analysis; Torsion-rotation levels; Two methyl tops ID MICROWAVE FOURIER-TRANSFORM; PURE ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; ENERGY-LEVELS; A(1)A(U)-X(1)A(G); CLASSIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The jet-cooled laser-induced visible fluorescence excitation spectrum of the (A) over tilde (1)A(u) (S-1)- (X) over tilde (1)A(g) (S-0) transition in biacetyl (CH3-C(=O)-C(=O)-CH3) exhibits a long progression in the torsional vibrations of the two equivalent methyl tops in this molecule, whose structure has previously been described and qualitatively understood using local mode ideas applied to the two equivalent methyl rotor torsions together with the G(36) symmetry species A(1), A(2), A(3), A(4), E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, and G. In the present rotational analysis, we have assigned a G(36) symmetry species, two local-mode torsional quantum numbers, and the usual three asymmetric rotor quantum numbers J(KaKc) to the upper and lower torsion-rotation levels involved in the observed transitions, relying heavily on comparison of quantum-beat patterns to determine transitions with a common upper state. These torsion-rotation transitions were then globally fit using a two-equivalent-top computer program, which was written in the principal axis system of the molecule and which uses a free-rotor basis set for each top, a symmetric-top basis set for the rotational functions, and a single-step diagonalization procedure. We can fit 411 lines involving 16 torsional sublevels from states with zero to three quanta of torsional excitation in the excited electronic state, using 24 parameters to obtain a standard deviation of 0.0045 cm(-1), which is quite satisfactory, but inclusion in the fit of 440 transitions from all 17 rotationally assigned torsional levels increases the standard deviation by some 25%. The present fit gives a value of V-3 = 238 cm(-1) for the threefold barrier height in the excited electronic state, in reasonable agreement with earlier studies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hougen, Jon T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Chen-Lin; Ni, Chi-Kung] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Huang, Cheng-Liang] Natl Chiayi Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Chiayi, Taiwan. [Ohashi, Nobukimi] Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.hougen@nist.gov RI Ni, Chi-Kung/F-7920-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 256 IS 2 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2009.04.005 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 478PD UT WOS:000268599300005 ER PT J AU Blogoslawski, WJ AF Blogoslawski, Walter J. TI OVERVIEW, 29(th) MILFORD AQUACULTURE SEMINAR SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blogoslawski, Walter J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM walter.blogoslawski@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 645 EP 645 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700030 ER PT J AU Bunsick, SM AF Bunsick, Susan M. TI UPDATE ON THE NOAA AQUACULTURE PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bunsick, Susan M.] NOAA Aquaculture Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM susan.bunsick@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 645 EP 646 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700032 ER PT J AU Croxton, AN Wikfors, GH Gragg, RD AF Croxton, April N. Wikfors, Gary H. Gragg, Richard D., III TI PAH POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON OYSTER HEMOCYTES: RESULTS OF LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Croxton, April N.; Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Croxton, April N.; Gragg, Richard D., III] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM april.croxton@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 646 EP 646 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700034 ER PT J AU Dixon, MS Wikfors, GH Li, YQ Meseck, SL Smith, BC Rivara, K AF Dixon, Mark S. Wikfors, Gary H. Li, Yaqin (Judy) Meseck, Shannon L. Smith, Barry C. Rivara, Karen TI OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS OF A FLUPSY IN ITS NATURAL SETTING SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dixon, Mark S.; Wikfors, Gary H.; Li, Yaqin (Judy); Meseck, Shannon L.; Smith, Barry C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Rivara, Karen] Aeros Cultured Oyster Co, Southhold, NY 11971 USA. EM mark.dixon@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 648 EP 648 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700037 ER PT J AU Fuentes, MS Wikfors, GH AF Fuentes, M. Soledad Wikfors, Gary H. TI CONTROL OF DOMOIC-ACID PRODUCTION IN PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA MULTISERIES BY MICRO-NUTRIENT STATUS: PLAN TO TEST THE COPPER HYPOTHESIS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fuentes, M. Soledad; Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM maria.soledad.fuentes@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 648 EP 649 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700039 ER PT J AU Goldberg, R Mercaldo-Allen, R Meseck, SL Pereira, J Clark, P Kuropat, C Sennefelder, G AF Goldberg, Ronald Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Meseck, Shannon L. Pereira, Jose Clark, Paul Kuropat, Catherine Sennefelder, George TI SHELLFISH CULTIVATION AND HARVEST-WEIGHING ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldberg, Ronald; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Meseck, Shannon L.; Pereira, Jose; Clark, Paul; Kuropat, Catherine; Sennefelder, George] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM ronald.goldberg@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 650 EP 650 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700042 ER PT J AU Kapareiko, D Wikfors, GH Lim, HJ Schott, E Jeffress, D Alix, JH Dixon, MS Meseck, SL Pitchford, S AF Kapareiko, Diane Wikfors, Gary H. Lim, Hyun Jeong Schott, Eric Jeffress, Dorothy Alix, Jennifer H. Dixon, Mark S. Meseck, Shannon L. Pitchford, Steven TI PILOT-SCALE TRIAL OF THE PROBIOTIC BACTERIUM OY-15 AND ITS ABILITY TO PROTECT LARVAL OYSTERS, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, FROM THE PATHOGENIC STRAIN B-183 SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kapareiko, Diane; Wikfors, Gary H.; Jeffress, Dorothy; Alix, Jennifer H.; Dixon, Mark S.; Meseck, Shannon L.; Pitchford, Steven] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Lim, Hyun Jeong] W Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Aquaculture Div, Inchon 400420, South Korea. [Schott, Eric] Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD USA. EM diane.kapareiko@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 651 EP 652 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700045 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Wikfors, GH Meseck, SL Dixon, MS Smith, BC AF Li, Yaqin (Judy) Wikfors, Gary H. Meseck, Shannon L. Dixon, Mark S. Smith, Barry C. TI QUANTIFYING THE ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS OF A COMMERCIAL OYSTER NURSERY: FIRST RESULTS ON PLANKTON AND NUTRIENT TRANSFORMATIONS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Yaqin (Judy); Wikfors, Gary H.; Meseck, Shannon L.; Dixon, Mark S.; Smith, Barry C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM judy.yaqin.li@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 652 EP 652 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700047 ER PT J AU Meseck, SL Alix, JH Dixon, MS Li, YQ Smith, BC Wikfors, GH AF Meseck, Shannon L. Alix, Jennifer H. Dixon, Mark S. Li, Yaqin (Judy) Smith, Barry C. Wikfors, Gary H. TI pH AND COMPETITION BETWEEN PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES: RELEVANCE TO MASS CULTURE AND OCEAN ACIDIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meseck, Shannon L.; Alix, Jennifer H.; Dixon, Mark S.; Li, Yaqin (Judy); Smith, Barry C.; Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM shannon.meseck@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 654 EP 654 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700051 ER PT J AU Milke, LM Veilleux, DJ Dixon, MS Bricelj, VM AF Milke, Lisa M. Veilleux, David J. Dixon, Mark S. Bricelj, V. Monica TI THE ROLE OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN THE BAY SCALLOP, ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Milke, Lisa M.; Veilleux, David J.; Dixon, Mark S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Bricelj, V. Monica] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM lisa.milke@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 654 EP 654 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700052 ER PT J AU Rosario, RM Nelson, DA DeLillo, CA Redman, DH Santiago, AG Roy, JJ AF Rosario, Rosaly M. Nelson, David A. DeLillo, Cynthia A. Redman, Dylan H. Santiago, Angel G. Roy, John J. TI THE INFLUENCE OF CONTAINER SIZE ON GROWTH OF THE AMERICAN LOBSTER, HOMARUS AMERICANUS, AT THE SOUND SCHOOL REGIONAL AQUACULTURE CENTER'S LOBSTER HATCHERY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosario, Rosaly M.; DeLillo, Cynthia A.; Santiago, Angel G.; Roy, John J.] Sound Sch Reg Aquaculture Ctr, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Nelson, David A.; Redman, Dylan H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM john.roy@new-haven.k12.ct.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 655 EP 656 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700056 ER PT J AU Smith, BC Persson, A Selander, E Wikfors, GH Alix, JH AF Smith, Barry C. Persson, Agneta Selander, Erik Wikfors, Gary H. Alix, Jennifer H. TI CONSUMPTION OF AND TOXIN UPTAKE FROM TEMPORARY CYSTS OF ALEXANDRIUM FUNDYENSE BY THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, Barry C.; Wikfors, Gary H.; Alix, Jennifer H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Persson, Agneta] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Marine Ecol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Selander, Erik] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Marine Ecol, KMF, Fiskebackskil, Sweden. EM barry.smith@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 656 EP 656 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700057 ER PT J AU Stiles, S Choromanski, J Jeffress, D Freedman, L AF Stiles, Sheila Choromanski, Joseph Jeffress, Dorothy Freedman, Leah TI CONTINUING OBSERVATIONS ON OVERWINTERING SURVIVAL OF BAY SCALLOPS FROM GENETIC LINES, 2007-2008 SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stiles, Sheila; Choromanski, Joseph; Jeffress, Dorothy; Freedman, Leah] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM sheila.stiles@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 656 EP 656 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700058 ER PT J AU Widman, JC Veilleux, DJ Dixon, MS AF Widman, James C., Jr. Veilleux, David J. Dixon, Mark S. TI PROGRESS IN THE SHELLFISH NURSERY PRODUCING 25 MM BAY SCALLOP, ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS IRRADIANS, SEED SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Widman, James C., Jr.; Veilleux, David J.; Dixon, Mark S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM jwidman@mi.nmfs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 658 EP 658 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700063 ER PT J AU Wikfors, GH Krome, C AF Wikfors, Gary H. Krome, Carsten TI OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND MOLLUSCAN HEMOCYTES: BASIS AND RATIONALE FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Krome, Carsten] Univ Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM gary.wikfors@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 658 EP 659 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700064 ER PT J AU Amos, K Cheney, D AF Amos, Kevin Cheney, Dan TI SEARCHING FOR SOLUTIONS: IMPEDIMENTS TO SHELLFISH HATCHERY PRODUCTION IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, USA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Amos, Kevin] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cheney, Dan] Pacific Shellfish Inst, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 679 EP 679 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700075 ER PT J AU Bowers, HA Hanif, A Messick, GA Schott, EJ AF Bowers, Holly A. Hanif, Ammar Messick, Gretchen A. Schott, Eric J. TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF A CALLINECTES SAPIDUS REOVIRUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS TO MONITOR ITS PRESENCE IN WILD AND IN CAPTIVE CRABS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bowers, Holly A.; Hanif, Ammar; Schott, Eric J.] UMBI, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Messick, Gretchen A.] NOAA, NCCOS, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 684 EP 684 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700091 ER PT J AU Chapman, RW Mancia, A Beal, M Veloso, A Rathburn, C Blair, A Sanger, D Holland, AF Warr, GW Didonato, G AF Chapman, Robert W. Mancia, Annalaura Beal, Marion Veloso, Artur Rathburn, Charles Blair, Anne Sanger, Denise Holland, A. F. Warr, G. W. Didonato, Guy TI A TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAND USE IMPACTS ON THE OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, IN THE SOUTH ATLANTIC BIGHT. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chapman, Robert W.; Beal, Marion] SCDNR, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mancia, Annalaura; Warr, G. W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Veloso, Artur; Rathburn, Charles] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Blair, Anne; Holland, A. F.; Didonato, Guy] NOAA NOS, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sanger, Denise] S Carolina Sea Grant, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RI mancia, annalaura/F-9706-2013 OI mancia, annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 688 EP 688 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700108 ER PT J AU Crosson, LM Friedman, CS Morado, JF AF Crosson, Lisa M. Friedman, Carolyn S. Morado, J. Frank TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A QUANTITATIVE PCR (QPCR) ASSAY TO ASSESS THE LIFE HISTORY OF HEMATODINIUM, A PARASITIC DINOFLAGELLATE, AND ITS IMPACT ON TANNER CRAB POPULATIONS IN ALASKA. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crosson, Lisa M.; Friedman, Carolyn S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Morado, J. Frank] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 690 EP 690 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700115 ER PT J AU Gerhart, S Bert, T AF Gerhart, Susan Bert, Theresa TI LIFE-HISTORY ASPECTS OF STONE CRABS (GENUS MENIPPE): SIZE AT MATURITY, GROWTH, AND AGE. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gerhart, Susan] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Bert, Theresa] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 699 EP 699 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700146 ER PT J AU Hill, KM Stokes, NA White, DM Webb, SC Kroeck, MA Howard, DW Reece, KS Hine, PM Carnegie, RB Burreson, EM AF Hill, Kristina M. Stokes, Nancy A. White, Delonna M. Webb, Steve C. Kroeck, Marina A. Howard, Dorothy W. Reece, Kim S. Hine, P. M. Carnegie, Ryan B. Burreson, Eugene M. TI UNDERSTANDING BONAMIA PARASITES BY EXPLORING THEIR PHYLOGENY, THEIR HOSTS, AND THEIR PAST SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hill, Kristina M.; Stokes, Nancy A.; White, Delonna M.; Reece, Kim S.; Carnegie, Ryan B.; Burreson, Eugene M.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Webb, Steve C.] Cawthron Inst, Nelson 7042, New Zealand. [Kroeck, Marina A.] Inst Biol Marina & Pesquera, RA-8520 San Antonio Oeste, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Howard, Dorothy W.] USDOC, NOAA, NOS, NCCOS,Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 704 EP 704 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700165 ER PT J AU Kellogg, ML Slacum, HW Paynter, KT Able, S Allen, SM Barker, LS Boicourt, W Bruce, D Conkwright, B Cornwell, J Gentner, B Karrh, L Lazar, J Lipton, D Meritt, D O'connell, T Townsend, H Trice, M AF Kellogg, M. Lisa Slacum, H. Ward Paynter, Kennedy T. Able, Stephan Allen, Steven M. Barker, Linda S. Boicourt, William Bruce, David Conkwright, Bob Cornwell, Jeff Gentner, Brad Karrh, Lee Lazar, Jay Lipton, Doug Meritt, Don O'connell, Tom Townsend, Howard Trice, Mark TI THE ESE-CBA PLAN: A COMPREHENSIVE, INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE BENEFITS OF OYSTER REEF RESTORATION SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kellogg, M. Lisa; Paynter, Kennedy T.; Lipton, Doug] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Slacum, H. Ward] Versar Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Able, Stephan; Allen, Steven M.] Oyster Recovery Partnership, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Barker, Linda S.; Karrh, Lee; O'connell, Tom; Trice, Mark] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Boicourt, William; Cornwell, Jeff; Meritt, Don] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Bruce, David; Lazar, Jay; Townsend, Howard] NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Conkwright, Bob] Maryland Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gentner, Brad] Gentner Consulting Grp, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. RI Meritt, Donald/D-3857-2012; Paynter, Kennedy/F-9717-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 707 EP 707 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700176 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RH Scott, GI Porter, DE Siewick, TC Edwards, D AF Kelsey, R. Heath Scott, Geoffrey I. Porter, Dwayne E. Siewick, Thomas C. Edwards, Don TI SHELLFISH HARVEST AREA DECISION-MAKING USING GIS, REMOTE SENSING, AND PREDICTIVE MODELS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kelsey, R. Heath] NOAA JHT Inc, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Scott, Geoffrey I.; Siewick, Thomas C.] NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Porter, Dwayne E.; Edwards, Don] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 707 EP 707 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700177 ER PT J AU Kent, MR Browdy, CL Venero, JA Shuler, A Seaborn, G Battey, C Leffler, JW AF Kent, Megan R. Browdy, Craig L. Venero, Jesus A. Shuler, Andrew Seaborn, Gloria Battey, Colden Leffler, John W. TI ISOLATING KEY CONTRIBUTORS OF MICROBIAL BIOFLOC TO LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI GROWTH: HOW DO BIOFLOC TAXONOMIC GROUPS AFFECT GROWTH WHEN PROVIDED AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS? SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kent, Megan R.] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Browdy, Craig L.] Novus Int Inc, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. [Venero, Jesus A.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Bluffton, SC 29910 USA. [Shuler, Andrew; Leffler, John W.] S Carolina Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Seaborn, Gloria; Battey, Colden] NOAA NOS, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 707 EP 708 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700178 ER PT J AU Messick, G Jacobs, J Lee, R Walters, T Brinkley, K Cho, S Frischer, M Schott, E Chung, S Wood, R AF Messick, Gretchen Jacobs, J. Lee, R. Walters, T. Brinkley, K. Cho, S. Frischer, M. Schott, E. Chung, S. Wood, R. TI CRUSTACEANS AS INDICATORS OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Messick, Gretchen; Jacobs, J.; Wood, R.] NOAA CCHEBR COL, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Lee, R.; Walters, T.; Brinkley, K.; Cho, S.; Frischer, M.] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Schott, E.; Chung, S.] Univ Maryland, UMBI COMB, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RI Frischer, Marc/L-5207-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 715 EP 715 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700206 ER PT J AU Morton, S AF Morton, Steve TI SHELLFISHERIES AND MARINE BIOTOXINS: A REVIEW OF THE SOURCES, TOXINS, AND DETECTION METHODS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morton, Steve] NOAA NOS, Charleston, SC 29410 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 716 EP 716 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700210 ER PT J AU Rathburn, CK Burnett, KG Gross, PS Veloso, AB Beal, M Cook, M Burnett, LE AF Rathburn, Charles K. Burnett, K. G. Gross, P. S. Veloso, A. B. Beal, M. Cook, M. Burnett, L. E. TI TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILE OF THE PENAEID SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI TO HYPOXIA AND HYPERCAPNIC HYPOXIA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rathburn, Charles K.; Burnett, K. G.; Veloso, A. B.; Burnett, L. E.] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Gross, P. S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Beal, M.] NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cook, M.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 722 EP 722 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700232 ER PT J AU Rosa, M Ward, JE Shumway, SE Pales-Espinosa, E Allam, B Wikfors, GH AF Rosa, Maria Ward, J. Evan Shumway, Sandra E. Pales-Espinosa, Emmanuelle Allam, Bassem Wikfors, Gary H. TI THE ROLE OF PARTICLE SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS IN PARTICLE SELECTION IN EASTERN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) AND BLUE MUSSELS (MYTILUS EDULIS) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosa, Maria; Ward, J. Evan; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Pales-Espinosa, Emmanuelle] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 726 EP 726 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700245 ER PT J AU Rubino, M Bunsick, S AF Rubino, Michael Bunsick, Susan TI THE FUTURE IS NOW: IMPLEMENTING NOAA'S 10-YEAR PLAN FOR MARINE AQUACULTURE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rubino, Michael; Bunsick, Susan] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 726 EP 726 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700246 ER PT J AU Strom, MS Paranjpye, RN Landis, ED AF Strom, Mark S. Paranjpye, Rohinee N. Landis, Eric D. TI EMERGING PATHOGENESIS OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Strom, Mark S.; Paranjpye, Rohinee N.; Landis, Eric D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 733 EP 733 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700272 ER PT J AU Tyler, S Messick, G AF Tyler, Sue Messick, Gretchen TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL MORPHOLOGY OF HEMATODINIUM SP FROM THE BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tyler, Sue; Messick, Gretchen] NOAA, CCHEBR, COL, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 735 EP 735 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546HK UT WOS:000273801700280 ER PT J AU Akhmedova-Azizova, LA Abdulagatov, IM AF Akhmedova-Azizova, Lala A. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. TI Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous K2CO3 Solutions at High Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aqueous solutions; Coaxial-cylinder technique; Potassium carbonate; Saturation curve; Thermal conductivity; Water ID HIGH-PRESSURES; STRONG ELECTROLYTES; VISCOSITY; SR(NO3)(2); LIQUIDS AB Thermal conductivities of five aqueous K2CO3 solutions of (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) mass-% have been measured with a concentric-cylinder (steady state) technique. Measurements were made at pressures slightly above the vapor saturation curve and at temperatures from (293.15 to 573.15) K. The total uncertainties of the thermal conductivity, temperature, and concentration measurements were estimated to be less than 2%, 30 mK, and 0.02%, respectively. A maximum in the thermal conductivity was found around 413 K. The measured values of thermal conductivity were compared with data reported in the literature and with values calculated from various prediction techniques. New correlation and prediction equations for the thermal conductivity of solutions studied here were obtained from the experimental data as a function of temperature and composition. The average absolute deviation (AAD) between the measured and predicted values of the thermal conductivity is 0.17%. C1 [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geothermal Problems, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Akhmedova-Azizova, Lala A.] Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1028 DI 10.1007/s10953-009-9428-x PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 465MV UT WOS:000267592400005 ER PT J AU Palmer, DR AF Palmer, David R. TI Coherent and incoherent scattering by a plume of particles advected by turbulent velocity flow SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; VENT FIELD; OCEAN; FLUCTUATIONS; WAVES; SOUND AB Studies of acoustic remote sensing of the plumes that result from the injection of particulate matter in the ocean, either naturally or by dumping or dredging activities, have assumed the scattering is incoherent. These plumes are always turbulent, however. The particle density is a passive scalar that is advected by the turbulent velocity flow. The possibility exists, therefore, that the scattered waves from, a significant number of particles add coherently as a result of Bragg scattering. In this paper, we investigate this possibility. We derive an expression for the ratio of the coherent intensity to the incoherent one in terms of the turbulent spectrum and the properties of the particles that make up the plume. The sonar is modeled as a high-Q, monostatic, pulsed sonar with arbitrary pulse envelope and arbitrary, but narrow, beam pattern. We apply the formalism to acoustic remote sensing of black smoker hydrothermal plumes. We find that, at most, the coherent intensity is less than 1% of the incoherent one. The implications are that Bragg scattering does not lead to a significant coherent component and in analyses of scattering from this type of plume, one can ignore the complications of turbulence altogether. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3158933] C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Palmer, DR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 126 IS 2 BP 587 EP 598 DI 10.1121/1.3158933 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 483XO UT WOS:000269006800009 PM 19640023 ER PT J AU Hoff, R Zhang, H Jordan, N Prados, A Engel-Cox, J Huff, A Weber, S Zell, E Kondragunta, S Szykman, J Johns, B Dimmick, F Wimmers, A Al-Saadi, J Kittaka, C AF Hoff, Raymond Zhang, Hai Jordan, Nikisa Prados, Ana Engel-Cox, Jill Huff, Amy Weber, Stephanie Zell, Erica Kondragunta, Shobha Szykman, James Johns, Brad Dimmick, Fred Wimmers, Anthony Al-Saadi, Jay Kittaka, Chieko TI Applications of the Three-Dimensional Air Quality System to Western US Air Quality: IDEA, Smog Blog, Smog Stories, AirQuest, and the Remote Sensing Information Gateway SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION; SPACE AB A system has been developed to combine remote sensing and ground-based measurements of aerosol concentration and aerosol light scattering parameters into a three-dimensional view of the atmosphere over the United States. Utilizing passive and active remote sensors from space and the ground, the system provides tools to visualize particulate air pollution in near real time and archive the results for retrospective analyses. The main components of the system (Infusing satellite Data into Environmental Applications [IDEA], the U.S. Air Quality Weblog [Smog Blog], Smog Stories, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's AIRQuest decision support system, and the Remote Sensing Information Gateway [RSIG]) are described, and the relationship of how data move from one system to another is outlined. To provide examples of how the results can be used to analyze specific pollution episodes, three events (two fires and one wintertime low planetary boundary layer haze) are discussed. Not all tools are useful at all times, and the limitations, including the sparsity of some data, the interference caused by overlying clouds, etc., are shown. Nevertheless, multiple sources of data help a state, local, or regional air quality analyst construct a more thorough picture of a daily air pollution situation than what one would obtain with only surface-based sensors. C1 [Hoff, Raymond; Zhang, Hai; Jordan, Nikisa; Prados, Ana] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Engel-Cox, Jill; Huff, Amy; Weber, Stephanie; Zell, Erica] Battelle Mem Inst, Arlington, VA USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Szykman, James; Johns, Brad; Dimmick, Fred] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wimmers, Anthony] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Al-Saadi, Jay] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Kittaka, Chieko] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Hoff, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hoff@umbc.edu RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Zhang, Hai/A-3445-2011; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; FU NASA Applied Sciences Division [NNS06AA02A] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding support from NASA Applied Sciences Division (NASA Cooperative Agreement NNS06AA02A). Special thanks to Ms. Dianne Miller and the staff at Sonoma Technology, Inc. for their collaborative work on Smog Stories and for the ready availability of AIRNow and AIRNowTech data. The aLlthors thank Brad Pierce of NOAA for use of the trajectory code within IDEA, and Kevin McCann of UMBC for development of the CALIPSO reprocessing code. The aLlthors also thank Kamonayi Mubenga for contributions to the Smog Blog throughout this period. The views expressed in this paper are those of authors And do not reflect the opinion of the U.S. Government or the NOAA, EPA or NASA. The authors grieve over the loss of their colleague, Chieko Kittaka, and dedicate this paper to her work. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 59 IS 8 BP 980 EP 989 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.8.980 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479HR UT WOS:000268650800009 PM 19728492 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Drennan, WM Black, PG French, JR AF Zhang, Jun A. Drennan, William M. Black, Peter G. French, Jeffrey R. TI Turbulence Structure of the Hurricane Boundary Layer between the Outer Rainbands SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; HEAT-FLUX; PART I; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; WIND MEASUREMENTS; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; SIMILARITY AB As part of the Coupled Boundary Layers Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST)-Hurricane program, flights were conducted to directly measure turbulent fluxes and turbulence properties in the high-wind boundary layer of hurricanes between the outer rainbands. For the first time, vertical profiles of normalized momentum fluxes, sensible heat and humidity fluxes, and variances of three-dimensional wind velocities and specific humidity are presented for the hurricane boundary layer with surface wind speeds ranging from 20 to 30 m s(-1). The turbulent kinetic energy budget is estimated, indicating that the shear production and dissipation are the major source and sink terms, respectively. The imbalance in the turbulent kinetic energy budget indicates that the unmeasured terms, such as horizontal advection, may be important in hurricane boundary layer structure and dynamics. Finally, the thermodynamic boundary layer height, estimated based on the virtual potential temperature profiles, is roughly half of the boundary layer height estimated from the momentum flux profiles. The latter height where momentum and humidity fluxes tend to vanish is close to that of the inflow layer and also of the maximum in the tangential velocity profiles. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.; Black, Peter G.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Drennan, William M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Black, Peter G.] USN, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [French, Jeffrey R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; OI Drennan, William/0000-0003-1708-4311 FU ONR's WCBLAST-Hurricane program [N0001401-F-0090]; NOAA's OAR/USWR program as well as through NOAA/OAR laboratories AOML and ARL; National Research Council's Research Associateship Program of the National Academies, administered FX This work is supported through ONR's WCBLAST-Hurricane program (Grant N0001401-F-0090) and NOAA's OAR/USWR program as well as through NOAA/OAR laboratories AOML and ARL. We would like to acknowledge, in particular, Simon Chang and Carl Friehe (ONR) for their efforts in planning and organizing the multiyear CBLAST program, John Gaynor (OAR/USWRP) for his support, the CBLAST co-PIs and the flight and support crews of NOAA-43. We appreciate comments from Frank Marks and Sim Aberson. The first author also acknowledges support from the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program of the National Academies, administered in cooperation with NOAA/AOML's Hurricane Research Division. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 66 IS 8 BP 2455 EP 2467 DI 10.1175/2009JAS2954.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 480QK UT WOS:000268751700021 ER PT J AU Oyen, ML Cook, RR AF Oyen, Michelle L. Cook, Robert R. TI A practical guide for analysis of nanoindentation data SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DEPTH-SENSING INDENTATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SPHERICAL INDENTATION; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; RADIAL FRACTURE; ELASTIC-MODULUS; ACUTE PROBES; BONE; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR AB Mechanical properties of biological materials are increasingly explored via nanoindentation testing. This paper reviews the modes of deformation found during indentation: elastic, plastic, viscous and fracture. A scheme is provided for ascertaining which deformation modes are active during a particular indentation test based on the load-displacement trace. Two behavior maps for indentation are presented, one in the viscous-elastic-plastic space, concerning homogeneous deformation, and one in the plastic versus brittle space, concerning the transition to fracture behavior when the threshold for cracking is exceeded. Best-practice methods for characterizing materials are presented based on which deformation modes are active; the discussion includes both nanoindentation experimental test options and appropriate methods for analyzing the resulting data. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oyen, Michelle L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [Cook, Robert R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oyen, ML (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. EM mlo29@cam.ac.uk OI Oyen, Michelle/0000-0002-3428-748X NR 56 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 396 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.10.002 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 456HB UT WOS:000266833700011 PM 19627846 ER PT J AU Patra, PK Takigawa, M Ishijima, K Choi, BC Cunnold, D Dlugokencky, EJ Fraser, P Gomez-Pelaez, AJ Goo, TY Kim, JS Krummel, P Langenfelds, R AF Patra, Prabir K. Takigawa, Masayuki Ishijima, Kentaro Choi, Byoung-Choel Cunnold, Derek Dlugokencky, Edward J. Fraser, Paul Gomez-Pelaez, Angel J. Goo, Tae-Young Kim, Jeong-Sik Krummel, Paul Langenfelds, Ray TI Growth Rate, Seasonal, Synoptic, Diurnal Variations and Budget of Methane in the Lower Atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT MODEL; EMISSIONS; TROPOSPHERE; CYCLE; CH4; CO2 AB We have used an AGCM (atmospheric general circulation model)-based Chemistry Transport Model (ACTM) for the simulation of methane (CH4) in the height range of earth's surface to about 90 kin. The model simulations are compared with measurements at hourly, daily, monthly and interannual time scales by filtering or averaging all the timeseries appropriately. From this model-observation comparison, we conclude that the recent (1990-2006) trends in growth rate and seasonal cycle at most measurement sites can be fairly successfully modeled by using existing knowledge of CH4 flux trends and seasonality. A large part of the interannual variability (IAV) in CH4 growth rate is apparently controlled by IAV in atmospheric dynamics at the tropical sites and forest fires in the high latitude sites. The flux amplitudes are optimized with respect to the available hydroxyl radical (OH) distribution and model transport for successful reproduction of latitudinal and longitudinal distribution of observed CH4 mixing ratio at the earth's surface. Estimated atmospheric CH4 lifetime in this setup is 8.6 years. We found a small impact (less than 0.5 ppb integrated over 1 year) of OH diurnal variation, due to temperature dependence of reaction rate coefficient, on CH4 simulation compared to the transport related variability (order of +/-15 ppb at interannual timescales). Model-observation comparisons of seasonal cycles, synoptic variations and diurnal cycles are shown to be useful for validating regional flux distribution patterns and strengths. Our results, based on two emission scenarios, Suggest reduced emissions from temperate and tropical Asia region (by 13, 5, 3 Tg-CH4 for India, China and Indonesia, respectively), and compensating increase (by 9, 9, 3 Tg-CH4 for Russia, United States and Canada, respectively) in the boreal Northern Hemisphere (NH) are required for improved model-observation agreement. C1 [Patra, Prabir K.; Takigawa, Masayuki; Ishijima, Kentaro] JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Choi, Byoung-Choel; Goo, Tae-Young; Kim, Jeong-Sik] Korea Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea. [Cunnold, Derek] Georgia Inst Technol, EAS, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dlugokencky, Edward J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Gomez-Pelaez, Angel J.] Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. RP Patra, PK (reprint author), JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. EM prabir@jamstec.go.jp RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Takigawa, Masayuki/M-2095-2014; Gomez-Pelaez, Angel/L-9268-2015 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Takigawa, Masayuki/0000-0002-5666-6026; Gomez-Pelaez, Angel/0000-0003-4881-2975 NR 55 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 87 IS 4 BP 635 EP 663 DI 10.2151/jmsj.87.635 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 509RE UT WOS:000271035100004 ER PT J AU Borja, A Bricker, SB Dauer, DM Demetriades, NT Ferreira, JG Forbes, AT Hutchings, P Jia, XP Kenchington, R Marques, JC Zhu, CB AF Borja, Angel Bricker, Suzanne B. Dauer, Daniel M. Demetriades, Nicolette T. Ferreira, Joao G. Forbes, Anthony T. Hutchings, Pat Jia, Xiaoping Kenchington, Richard Marques, Joao Carlos Zhu, Changbo TI Ecological integrity assessment, ecosystem-based approach, and integrative methodologies: Are these concepts equivalent? SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Letter ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT C1 [Borja, Angel] AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Pasaia 20110, Spain. [Bricker, Suzanne B.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dauer, Daniel M.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Demetriades, Nicolette T.; Forbes, Anthony T.] Marine & Estuarine Res, ZA-4053 Hyper By The Sea, South Africa. [Hutchings, Pat] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Kenchington, Richard] Univ Wollongong, Australian Natl Ctr Ocean Resources & Secur, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Marques, Joao Carlos] Univ Coimbra, IMAR Inst Marine Res, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. RP Borja, A (reprint author), AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Portualdea S-N, Pasaia 20110, Spain. EM aborja@pas.azti.es RI Borja, Angel/C-5836-2008; MARQUES, JOAO CARLOS/L-9478-2014; OI MARQUES, JOAO CARLOS/0000-0001-8865-8189; Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X; Borja, Angel/0000-0003-1601-2025 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 58 IS 3 BP 457 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.12.003 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 425QT UT WOS:000264652900030 ER PT J AU Watkins, L Neupauer, RM Compo, GP AF Watkins, Loring Neupauer, Roseanna M. Compo, Gilbert P. TI Wavelet Analysis and Filtering to Identify Dominant Orientations of Permeability Anisotropy SO MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneity; Non-stationary; Morlet wavelet; Permeability; Anisotropy; Wavelet analysis ID HETEROGENEITY; WATER AB An accurate representation of permeability anisotropy is needed to model the rate and direction of groundwater flow correctly. We develop a wavelet analysis technique that can be used to characterize principal directions of anisotropy in both stationary and non-stationary permeability fields. Wavelet analysis involves the integral transform of a field using a wavelet as a kernel. The wavelet is shifted, scaled, and rotated to analyze different locations, sizes, and orientations of the field. The wavelet variance is used to identify scales and orientations that dominate the field. If the field is non-stationary, such that different zones of the field are characterized by different dominant scales or orientations, the wavelet variance can identify all dominant scales and orientations if they are distinct. If the dominant scales and orientations of different zones are similar, the wavelet variance identifies only the dominant scale and orientation of the primary zone. In this paper, we present a combined wavelet analysis and filtering approach to identify all dominant scales and orientations in a non-stationary permeability field. We apply the method to permeability data obtained in the laboratory from the Massillon sandstone. C1 [Watkins, Loring] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Neupauer, RM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM neupauer@colorado.edu OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; NEUPAUER, ROSEANNA/0000-0002-4918-810X NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-8961 J9 MATH GEOSCI JI Math Geosci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 IS 6 BP 643 EP 659 DI 10.1007/s11004-009-9231-7 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 476HW UT WOS:000268431200003 ER PT J AU Wright, J Moldover, M AF Wright, John Moldover, Michael TI HIGH DEFINITION flow SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 [Wright, John; Moldover, Michael] NIST, Fluid Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wright, J (reprint author), NIST, Fluid Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 131 IS 8 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 616ZX UT WOS:000279251600026 ER PT J AU Carter, AC Datla, RU Jung, TM AF Carter, Adriaan C. Datla, Raju U. Jung, Timothy M. TI Calibration of low-background temperature IR test chambers used to calibrate space sensors SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA ID NIST; STANDARDS AB The low-background infrared (LBIR) facility at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been calibrating infrared test chambers that are used to calibrate spacebased remote sensors. These test chambers typically operate at temperatures of 20 K to 80 K and have collimators in them to simulate faint objects at great distances in a low-background environment. Since 2001 the LBIR facility has used a transfer radiometer, the BXR, to calibrate nine IR test chambers. The BXR has shown that the output of these chambers can differ from the modelled output by +/- 10%. In this paper the methodology of the BXR calibration activity will be described along with specific examples to highlight important calibration performance parameters of the BXR and of other hardware in the calibration chain from the primary standard. C1 [Carter, Adriaan C.; Datla, Raju U.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, Timothy M.] Jung Res & Dev Corp, Washington, DC 20009 USA. RP Carter, AC (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP S213 EP S218 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S15 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 453AQ UT WOS:000266582700016 ER PT J AU Carter, AC Woods, SI Carr, SM Jung, TM Datla, RU AF Carter, Adriaan C. Woods, Solomon I. Carr, Stephen M. Jung, Timothy M. Datla, Raju U. TI Absolute cryogenic radiometer and solid-state trap detectors for IR power scales down to 1 pW with 0.1% uncertainty SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA ID CALIBRATIONS; STANDARDS AB Commercially available absolute cryogenic radiometers (ACRs) have combined uncertainties that grow rapidly above 1% (k = 1) at power levels below 10 nW. There are solid state detectors, however, used in sensors and radiometers that cannot be calibrated at levels as high as 10 nW because they begin to saturate. For this reason new detector-based standards are being developed to provide the low-background infrared calibration community with absolute traceability to powers down to 1 pW with similar to 0.1% (k = 1) combined uncertainty. The scale will be established using an ACR with a combined uncertainty of the order of 1 fW and a trap detector based on arsenic-doped silicon blocked impurity band devices with similar noise floor performance. C1 [Carter, Adriaan C.; Datla, Raju U.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Woods, Solomon I.; Carr, Stephen M.; Jung, Timothy M.] Jung Res & Dev Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Carter, AC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adriaan.carter@nist.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP S146 EP S150 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S02 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 453AQ UT WOS:000266582700003 ER PT J AU Eppeldauer, GP Zeng, J Yoon, HW Wilthan, B Larason, TC Hanssen, LM AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Zeng, J. Yoon, H. W. Wilthan, B. Larason, T. C. Hanssen, L. M. TI Extension of the NIST spectral responsivity scale to the infrared using improved-NEP pyroelectric detectors SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA AB Routine NIST spectral responsivity calibrations are needed for the infrared range. Low-NEP pyroelectric radiometers have been developed for traditional monochromator applications to extend the responsivity scale to the infrared. After NEP tests, the best pyroelectric detectors were converted to transfer-standard radiometers. The relative spectral responsivities were determined from spectral reflectance measurements of the organic black detector coatings. The absolute tie points were measured against a domed pyroelectric radiometer standard and a sphere-input extended-InGaAs transfer-standard radiometer. The infrared spectral power responsivity scale has been extended for the 2 mu m to 14 mu m wavelength range. A single-grating monochromator has been adapted to the calibration facility and used to characterize and calibrate infrared detectors. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Zeng, J.; Yoon, H. W.; Wilthan, B.; Larason, T. C.; Hanssen, L. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM geppeldauer@nist.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP S155 EP S159 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S04 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 453AQ UT WOS:000266582700005 ER PT J AU Eppeldauer, GP Yoon, HW Zong, Y Larason, TC Smith, A Racz, M AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Yoon, H. W. Zong, Y. Larason, T. C. Smith, A. Racz, M. TI Radiometer standard for absolute responsivity calibrations from 950 nm to 1650 nm with 0.05% (k=2) uncertainty SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA ID CRYOGENIC-RADIOMETER; TRAP DETECTORS; PHOTODIODES; GE AB A near-IR radiometer standard with similar performance to silicon trap detectors has been developed to calibrate detectors and radiometers for absolute spectral power, irradiance and radiance responsivities between 950 nm and 1650 nm. The new radiometer standard is utilized at the Spectral Irradiance and Radiance Responsivity Calibrations using Uniform Sources (SIRCUS) which is the reference calibration facility of NIST for absolute responsivity. The radiometer standard is a sphere detector with a unique geometrical arrangement and it can convert the radiant power responsivity scale of the primary-standard cryogenic radiometer into a reference irradiance responsivity scale. The 0.05% (k = 2) scale conversion uncertainty is dominated by the two largest uncertainty components of the radiometer: the spatial non-uniformity of responsivity of less than 0.05% in power mode and the 0.03% angular responsivity deviation from the cosine function in a 5 degrees angular range in irradiance mode. These small uncertainty components are the results of a tilted input aperture (relative to the sphere axis) and four symmetrically positioned InGaAs detectors around the incident beam spot in the sphere. With the new radiometer standard, it is expected that a thermodynamic temperature uncertainty of 10 mK (k = 2) can be achieved at 157 degrees C, the freeze temperature of the In fixed-point blackbody. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Yoon, H. W.; Zong, Y.; Larason, T. C.; Smith, A.; Racz, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP S139 EP S145 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S01 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 453AQ UT WOS:000266582700002 ER PT J AU Khlevnoy, B Sapritsky, V Rougie, B Gibson, C Yoon, H Gaertner, A Taubert, D Hartmann, J AF Khlevnoy, Boris Sapritsky, Victor Rougie, Bernard Gibson, Charles Yoon, Howard Gaertner, Arnold Taubert, Dieter Hartmann, Juergen TI CCPR-S1 Supplementary comparison for spectral radiance in the range of 220 nm to 2500 nm SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA ID SCALE AB In 1997, the Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR) initiated a supplementary comparison of spectral radiance in the wavelength range from 220 nm to 2500 nm (CCPR-S1) using tungsten strip-filament lamps as transfer standards. Five national metrology institutes (NMIs) took part in the comparison: BNM/INM (France), NIST (USA), NRC (Canada), PTB (Germany) and VNIIOFI (Russia), with VNIIOFI as the pilot laboratory. Each NMI provided the transfer lamps that were used to transfer their measurements to the pilot laboratory. The intercomparison sequence began with the participant measurements, then the pilot measurements, followed by a second set of measurements by the participant laboratory. The measurements were carried out from 1998 to 2002, with the final report completed in 2008. This paper presents the descriptions of measurement facilities and uncertainties of the participants, as well as the comparison results that were analysed in accordance with the Guidelines for CCPR Comparisons Report Preparation, and a re-evaluation of the results taking into account the instability of some of the transfer lamps. Excluding a few wavelengths, all participants agree with each other within +/- 1.5%. The disagreement decreases to approximately +/- 1.0% when the anomalous data are excluded from the analysis. C1 [Khlevnoy, Boris; Sapritsky, Victor] All Russian Res Inst Optic & Phys Measurements VN, Moscow, Russia. [Rougie, Bernard] INM, BNM, Paris, France. [Gibson, Charles; Yoon, Howard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gaertner, Arnold] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Taubert, Dieter; Hartmann, Juergen] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. [Taubert, Dieter; Hartmann, Juergen] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. RP Khlevnoy, B (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Optic & Phys Measurements VN, Moscow, Russia. EM khlevnoy-m4@vniiofi.ru RI Hartmann, Jurgen/C-3543-2015 OI Hartmann, Jurgen/0000-0002-9645-5434 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP S174 EP S180 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S08 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 453AQ UT WOS:000266582700009 ER PT J AU Shaw, PS Arp, U Lykke, KR AF Shaw, Ping-Shine Arp, Uwe Lykke, Keith R. TI Measurement of the ultraviolet-induced fluorescence yield from integrating spheres SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; FACILITY AB We report theory and measurements of a simple and absolute technique for the determination of the total emitted spectral fluorescence yield inside an integrating sphere from the sphere coating under irradiation with a monochromatic beam. This technique measures the spectral response of a monochromator-detector system to the radiation exiting from an integrating sphere. The total spectral fluorescence yield can be calculated from the response measurement and an overall responsivity function that is obtained by calibrating the system with a standard source. This technique provides quantitative fluorescence analysis of the coating of an integrating sphere wall. C1 [Shaw, Ping-Shine; Arp, Uwe; Lykke, Keith R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shaw, PS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Arp, Uwe/C-2854-2009; OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP S191 EP S196 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S11 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 453AQ UT WOS:000266582700012 ER PT J AU Smith, AW Woodward, JT Jenkins, CA Brown, SW Lykke, KR AF Smith, Allan W. Woodward, John T. Jenkins, Colleen A. Brown, Steven W. Lykke, Keith R. TI Absolute flux calibration of stars: calibration of the reference telescope SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA ID VEGA; SUPERNOVAE AB Absolute stellar photometry is based on 1970s terrestrial measurements of the star Vega with instruments calibrated using the Planckian radiance from a Cu fixed-point blackbody. Significant advances in absolute radiometry have been made in the last 30 years that offer the potential to improve both terrestrial and space-based absolute stellar photometry. These advances include the development of detector-based radiometry utilizing spectrally tunable laser sources and improved atmospheric transmittance modelling and characterization. We describe the applications of these new technologies for ground-based spectral irradiance measurements of standard stars at wavelengths ranging from 0.35 mu m to 1.7 mu m. C1 [Smith, Allan W.; Woodward, John T.; Brown, Steven W.; Lykke, Keith R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smith, AW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP S219 EP S223 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S16 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 453AQ UT WOS:000266582700017 ER PT J AU Woodward, JT Smith, AW Jenkins, CA Lin, CS Brown, SW Lykke, KR AF Woodward, John T. Smith, Allan W. Jenkins, Colleen A. Lin, Chungsan Brown, Steven W. Lykke, Keith R. TI Supercontinuum sources for metrology SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY CALIBRATIONS; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; UNIFORM SOURCES; FACILITY AB Supercontinuum (SC) sources are novel laser-based sources that generate a broad, white-light continuum in single-mode photonic crystal fibres. Currently, up to 6 W of optical power is available, spanning the spectral range from 460 nm to 2400 nm. Advances in these sources promise polarized radiant flux with expanded spectral coverage down to 380 nm. We evaluate the use of SC sources for fundamental optical metrological applications. C1 [Woodward, John T.; Smith, Allan W.; Brown, Steven W.; Lykke, Keith R.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jenkins, Colleen A.] Joint NIST USU Program Opt Sensor Calibrat, Space Dynam Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Lin, Chungsan] Jung Res & Dev Corp, Washington, DC 20009 USA. RP Woodward, JT (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.woodward@nist.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP S277 EP S282 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S27 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 453AQ UT WOS:000266582700028 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE Anderson, EC AF Pearse, Devon E. Anderson, Eric C. TI Multiple paternity increases effective population size SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT News Item ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; PATTERNS C1 [Pearse, Devon E.; Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pearse, Devon E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 15 BP 3124 EP 3127 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04268.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 476QK UT WOS:000268457200002 PM 19555411 ER PT J AU Phillips, CD Trujillo, RG Gelatt, TS Smolen, MJ Matson, CW Honeycutt, RL Patton, JC Bickham, JW AF Phillips, C. D. Trujillo, R. G. Gelatt, T. S. Smolen, M. J. Matson, C. W. Honeycutt, R. L. Patton, J. C. Bickham, J. W. TI Assessing substitution patterns, rates and homoplasy at HVRI of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE convergent molecular evolution; Eumetopias jubatus; homoplasy; HVRI; Steller sea lion; substitution rate ID HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MTDNA CONTROL REGION; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; MUTATION-RATE; HYPOTHESIS; LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCES; SITES; TREE; VARIABILITY AB Despite the widely recognized incidence of homoplasy characterizing this region, the hypervariable region I (HVRI) of the mitochondrial control region is one of the most frequently used genetic markers for population genetic and phylogeographic studies. We present an evolutionary analysis of HVRI and cytochrome b sequences from a range-wide survey of 1031 Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus, to quantify homoplasy and substitution rate at HVRI. Variation in HVRI was distributed across 41 variable sites in the 238-bp segment examined. All variants at HVR1 were found to be transitions. However, our analyses suggest that a minimum of 101 changes have actually occurred within HVRI with as many as 18 substitutions occurring at a single site. By including this hidden variation into our analyses, several instances of apparent long-range dispersal were resolved to be homoplasies and 8.5-12% of observed HVRI haplotypes were found to have geographic distributions descriptive of convergent molecular evolution rather than identity by descent. We estimate the rate of substitution at HVRI in Steller sea lions to be similar to 24 times that of cytochrome b with an absolute rate of HVRI substitution estimated at 27.45% per million years. These findings have direct implications regarding the utility of HVRI data to generate a variety of evolutionary genetic hypotheses. C1 [Phillips, C. D.; Smolen, M. J.; Patton, J. C.; Bickham, J. W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Phillips, C. D.; Patton, J. C.; Bickham, J. W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Trujillo, R. G.] Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gelatt, T. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NE Seattle, WA 98114 USA. [Matson, C. W.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Honeycutt, R. L.] Pepperdine Univ, Div Nat Sci, Malibu, CA 90263 USA. RP Phillips, CD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM phillip6@purdue.edu RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010 OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357 FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the numerous biologists who provided tissue samples, especially V. Burkanov (coordinator for the collecting trips in Russia), T. Loughlin and D. Calkins, the NOAA cruises in the Aleutians and the Gulf of Alaska, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Thanks to K. M. Nichols, O. E. Rhodes, J. A. DeWoody, as well as three anonymous referees for their valuable insights and suggestions. Also, special thanks to David Horner for providing the python script used to retrieve site-specific rate assignments from the tree-puzzle output. R. G. Trujillo would like to thank the Hispanic Leadership Program in Agriculture and Natural Resources at Texas A&M University. This study was conducted in partial fulfilment of C. D. Phillips' dissertation. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Wildlife and Contaminants Program of the World Wildlife Fund. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 16 BP 3379 EP 3393 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04283.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 480TQ UT WOS:000268760100006 PM 19627492 ER PT J AU Avila, LA Rhome, J AF Avila, Lixion A. Rhome, Jamie TI Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2007 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FORECASTS AB The hurricane season of 2007 in the eastern North Pacific Ocean basin is summarized, individual tropical cyclones are described, and a forecast verification is presented. The 2007 eastern North Pacific season was not an active one. There were 11 tropical storms, of which only 4 became hurricanes. Only one cyclone became a major hurricane. One hurricane struck Mexico and one tropical storm made landfall near the Guatemala-Mexico border. The 2007 National Hurricane Center forecast track errors were lower than the previous 5-yr means at all forecast lead times, and especially so for the 72-, 96-, and 120-h periods when the errors were 16%, 22%, and 20% lower, respectively. The official intensity forecasts had only limited skill. C1 [Avila, Lixion A.; Rhome, Jamie] NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, NOAA, NWS, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Avila, LA (reprint author), NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, NOAA, NWS, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM lixion.a.avila@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 137 IS 8 BP 2436 EP 2447 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2915.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KN UT WOS:000269348600003 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Chen, JH Majumdar, SJ Peng, MS Reynolds, CA Aberson, SD Buizza, R Yamaguchi, M Chen, SG Nakazawa, T Chou, KH AF Wu, Chun-Chieh Chen, Jan-Huey Majumdar, Sharanya J. Peng, Melinda S. Reynolds, Carolyn A. Aberson, Sim D. Buizza, Roberto Yamaguchi, Munehiko Chen, Shin-Gan Nakazawa, Tetsuo Chou, Kun-Hsuan TI Intercomparison of Targeted Observation Guidance for Tropical Cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN-FILTER; STORM RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM; SENSITIVITY STEERING VECTOR; ADAPTIVE OBSERVING GUIDANCE; ENSEMBLE-TRANSFORM; SINGULAR VECTORS; DROPWINDSONDE OBSERVATIONS; SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE; FORECASTS; ATLANTIC AB This study compares six different guidance products for targeted observations over the northwest Pacific Ocean for 84 cases of 2-day forecasts in 2006 and highlights the unique dynamical features affecting the tropical cyclone (TC) tracks in this basin. The six products include three types of guidance based on total-energy singular vectors (TESVs) from different global models, the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) based on a multimodel ensemble, the deep-layer mean (DLM) wind variance, and the adjoint-derived sensitivity steering vector (ADSSV). The similarities among the six products are evaluated using two objective statistical techniques to show the diversity of the sensitivity regions in large, synoptic-scale domains and in smaller domains local to the TC. It is shown that the three TESVs are relatively similar to one another in both the large and the small domains while the comparisons of the DLM wind variance with other methods show rather low similarities. The ETKF and the ADSSV usually show high similarity because their optimal sensitivity usually lies close to the TC. The ADSSV, relative to the ETKF, reveals more similar sensitivity patterns to those associated with TESVs. Three special cases are also selected to highlight the similarities and differences among the six guidance products and to interpret the dynamical systems affecting the TC motion in the northwestern Pacific. Among the three storms studied, Typhoon Chanchu was associated with the subtropical high, Typhoon Shanshan was associated with the midlatitude trough, and Typhoon Durian was associated with the subtropical jet. The adjoint methods are found to be more capable of capturing the signal of the dynamic system that may affect the TC movement or evolution than are the ensemble methods. C1 [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Chen, Jan-Huey; Chen, Shin-Gan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL USA. [Peng, Melinda S.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Aberson, Sim D.] AOML Hurricane Res Div, NOAA, Miami, FL USA. [Buizza, Roberto] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Chou, Kun-Hsuan] Chinese Culture Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; nakazawa, tetsuo/P-9063-2014; Chen, Hua/B-7664-2014; OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Chen, Hua/0000-0002-9493-6939; Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 137 IS 8 BP 2471 EP 2492 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2762.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KN UT WOS:000269348600005 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Skamarock, WC Feingold, G AF Wang, Hailong Skamarock, William C. Feingold, Graham TI Evaluation of Scalar Advection Schemes in the Advanced Research WRF Model Using Large-Eddy Simulations of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; POSITIVE-DEFINITE; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY; DRIZZLE AB In the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW), versions 3.0 and earlier, advection of scalars was performed using the Runge-Kutta time-integration scheme with an option of using a positive-definite (PD) flux limiter. Large-eddy simulations of aerosol-cloud interactions using the ARW model are performed to evaluate the advection schemes. The basic Runge-Kutta scheme alone produces spurious oscillations and negative values in scalar mixing ratios because of numerical dispersion errors. The PD flux limiter assures positive definiteness but retains the oscillations with an amplification of local maxima by up to 20% in the tests. These numerical dispersion errors contaminate active scalars directly through the advection process and indirectly through physical and dynamical feedbacks, leading to a misrepresentation of cloud physical and dynamical processes. A monotonic flux limiter is introduced to correct the generally accurate but dispersive solutions given by high-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The monotonic limiter effectively minimizes the dispersion errors with little significant enhancement of numerical diffusion errors. The improvement in scalar advection using the monotonic limiter is discussed in the context of how the different advection schemes impact the quantification of aerosol-cloud interactions. The PD limiter results in 20% (10%) fewer cloud droplets and 22% (5%) smaller cloud albedo than the monotonic limiter under clean (polluted) conditions. Underprediction of cloud droplet number concentration by the PD limiter tends to trigger the early formation of precipitation in the clean case, leading to a potentially large impact on cloud albedo change. C1 [Wang, Hailong] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Hailong; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Skamarock, William C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), 325 Broadway,R CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hailong.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; NR 13 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 137 IS 8 BP 2547 EP 2558 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2820.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KN UT WOS:000269348600009 ER PT J AU Kumar, A AF Kumar, Arun TI Finite Samples and Uncertainty Estimates for Skill Measures for Seasonal Prediction SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; SPREAD; ENSO; GCM AB The expected value for various measures of skill for seasonal climate predictions is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio. The expected value, however, is only realized for long verification time series. In practice, the verifications for specific seasons-for example, forecasts for the December-February seasonal mean-seldom exceed a sample size of 30. The estimates of skill measure based on small verification time series, because of sampling errors, can have large departures from their expected value. An analysis of spread in the estimates of skill measures with the length of verification time series and for different signal-to-noise ratios is made. The analysis is based on the Monte Carlo approach and skill measures for deterministic, categorical, and probabilistic forecasts are considered. It is shown that the behavior of spread for various skill measures can be very different and it is not always the largest for the small values of signal-to-noise ratios. C1 [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 137 IS 8 BP 2622 EP 2631 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2814.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KN UT WOS:000269348600014 ER PT J AU Novak, DR Colle, BA McTaggart-Cowan, R AF Novak, David R. Colle, Brian A. McTaggart-Cowan, Ron TI The Role of Moist Processes in the Formation and Evolution of Mesoscale Snowbands within the Comma Head of Northeast US Cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY INVERSION; CONTINENTAL WINTER CYCLONE; LIFE-CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; PART I; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; MODEL SIMULATIONS; BAND FORMATION; DECEMBER 1999; CYCLOGENESIS AB The role of moist processes in regulating mesoscale snowband life cycle within the comma head portion of three northeast U. S. cyclones is investigated using piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion, modeling experiments, and potential temperature tendency budgets. Snowband formation in each case occurred along a mesoscale trough that extended poleward of a 700-hPa low. This 700-hPa trough was associated with intense frontogenetical forcing for ascent. A variety of PV evolutions among the cases contributed to mid-level trough formation and associated frontogenesis. However, in each case the induced flow from diabatic PV anomalies accounted for a majority of the midlevel frontogenesis during the band's life cycle, highlighting the important role that latent heat release plays in band evolution. Simulations with varying degrees of latent heating show that diabatic processes associated with the band itself were critical to the development and maintenance of the band. However, changes in the meso-alpha-scale flow associated with the development of diabatic PV anomalies east of the band contributed to frontolysis and band dissipation. Conditional stability was reduced near 500 hPa in each case several hours prior to band formation. This stability remained small until band formation, when the stratification generally increased in association with the release of conditional instability. Previous studies have suggested that the dry slot is important for the initial stability reduction at midlevels, but this was not evident for the three banding cases examined. Rather, differential horizontal temperature advection in moist southwest flow ahead of the upper trough was the dominant process that reduced the midlevel conditional stability. C1 [Novak, David R.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Novak, David R.; Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY USA. [McTaggart-Cowan, Ron] Meteorol Serv Canada, Numer Weather Predict Res Sect, Dorval, PQ, Canada. RP Novak, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM david.novak@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0705036] FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers and David Schultz, Michael Brennan, and Martin Baxter for insightful comments concerning this work. Sandra Yuter performed the WSR-88D dual-Doppler synthesis for the 14 February 2007 case (Fig. 18b). This study was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0705036 (Colle). NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 137 IS 8 BP 2662 EP 2686 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2874.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KN UT WOS:000269348600017 ER PT J AU Lane, TP Doyle, JD Sharman, RD Shapiro, MA Watson, CD AF Lane, Todd P. Doyle, James D. Sharman, Robert D. Shapiro, Melvyn A. Watson, Campbell D. TI Statistics and Dynamics of Aircraft Encounters of Turbulence over Greenland SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WAVE DRAG PARAMETRIZATION; DIRECTIONAL WIND-SHEAR; UPPER-LEVEL TURBULENCE; MOUNTAIN-WAVE; GRAVITY-WAVES; LEE WAVES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORM; COMPLEX TERRAIN; BREAKING AB Historical records of aviation turbulence encounters above Greenland are examined for the period from 2000 to 2006. These data identify an important flow regime that contributes to the occurrence of aircraft turbulence encounters, associated with the passage of surface cyclones that direct easterly or southeasterly flow over Greenland's imposing terrain. The result of this incident flow is the generation of mountain waves that may become unstable through interactions with the background directional wind shear. It is shown that this regime accounted for approximately 40% of the significant turbulent events identified in the 7-yr database. In addition, two specific cases from the database are examined in more detail using a high-resolution mesoscale model. The model simulations highlight the important role of three-dimensional gravity wave-critical level interactions and demonstrate the utility of high-resolution forecasts in the prediction of such events. C1 [Lane, Todd P.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Sharman, Robert D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shapiro, Melvyn A.] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Shapiro, Melvyn A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shapiro, Melvyn A.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lane, TP (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM tplane@unimelb.edu.au RI Lane, Todd/A-8804-2011 OI Lane, Todd/0000-0003-0171-6927 FU University of Melbourne Early Career Research; Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped improve the manuscript. The first author (TPL) was supported by a University of Melbourne Early Career Research grant. The second author (JDD) acknowledges support through the Office of Naval Research's Program Element 0601153N. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of HPC time from the Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Center at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. Cyclone statistics were created using http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/tracks/cychome.htm; we thank Kevin Keay for his assistance. Figures 5c, 9c, and 14c were obtained from the NERC Satellite Receiving Station, Dundee University, Scotland (available online at http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/). NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 137 IS 8 BP 2687 EP 2702 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2878.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KN UT WOS:000269348600018 ER PT J AU Bunkers, MJ Clabo, DR Zeitler, JW AF Bunkers, Matthew J. Clabo, Darren R. Zeitler, Jon W. TI Comments on "Structure and Formation Mechanism on the 24 May 2000 Supercell-Like Storm Developing in a Moist Environment over the Kanto Plain, Japan'' SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; LONG-LIVED SUPERCELLS; OBSERVATIONAL EXAMINATION; THUNDERSTORM-ENVIRONMENT; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; TORNADOGENESIS; PROPAGATION; PARAMETERS C1 [Bunkers, Matthew J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Clabo, Darren R.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD USA. [Zeitler, Jon W.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, New Braunfels, TX USA. RP Bunkers, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 300 E Signal Dr, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM matthew.bunkers@noaa.gov NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 137 IS 8 BP 2703 EP 2712 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2909.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KN UT WOS:000269348600019 ER PT J AU Paik, DH Seol, Y Halsey, WA Perkins, TT AF Paik, D. Hern Seol, Yeonee Halsey, Wayne A. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Integrating a High-Force Optical Trap with Gold Nanoposts and a Robust Gold-DNA Bond SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; STRETCHING DNA; RNA-POLYMERASE; TWEEZERS; TENSION; NANOPARTICLES; ELASTICITY; RESOLUTION; STABILITY; PRECISION AB Gold-thiol chemistry is widely used in nanotechnology but has not been exploited in optical-trapping experiments due to laser-induced ablation of gold. We circumvented this problem by using an array of gold nanoposts (r = 50-250 nm, h approximate to 20 nm) that allowed for quantitative optical-trapping assays without direct irradiation of the gold. DNA was covalently attached to the gold via dithiol phosphoramidite (DTPA). By using three DTPAs, the gold-DNA bond was not cleaved in the presence of excess thiolated compounds. This chemical robustness allowed us to reduce nonspecific sticking by passivating the unreacted gold with methoxy-(polyethylene glycol)-thiol. We routinely achieved single beads anchored to the nanoposts by single DNA molecules. We measured DNA's elasticity and its overstretching transition, demonstrating moderate- and high-force optical-trapping assays using gold-thiol chemistry. Force spectroscopy measurements were consistent with the rupture of the strepavidin-biotin bond between the bead and the DNA. This implied that the DNA remained anchored to the surface due to the strong gold-thiol bond. Consistent with this conclusion, we repeatedly reattached the trapped bead to the same individual DNA molecule. Thus, surface conjugation of biomolecules onto an array of gold nanostructures by chemically and mechanically robust bonds provides a unique way to carry out spatially controlled, repeatable measurements of single molecules. C1 [Paik, D. Hern; Seol, Yeonee; Halsey, Wayne A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 FU National Research Council Research Associateship; W. M. Keck Grant; National Science Foundation [Phy-0404286]; NIST FX This work was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship (D.H.P.), a W. M. Keck Grant in the RNA Sciences, the National Science Foundation (Phy-0404286), and NIST. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. T.T.P. is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 2978 EP 2983 DI 10.1021/nl901404s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 481HB UT WOS:000268797200030 PM 19492836 ER PT J AU Maiwald, R Leibfried, D Britton, J Bergquist, JC Leuchs, G Wineland, DJ AF Maiwald, Robert Leibfried, Dietrich Britton, Joe Bergquist, James C. Leuchs, Gerd Wineland, David J. TI Stylus ion trap for enhanced access and sensing SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREE-SPACE; ATOM; LIGHT AB Small, controllable, highly accessible quantum systems can serve as probes at the single-quantum level to study a number of physical effects, for example in quantum optics or for electric- and magnetic-field sensing. The applicability of trapped atomic ions as probes is highly dependent on the measurement situation at hand and thus calls for specialized traps. Previous approaches for ion traps with enhanced optical access included traps consisting of a single ring electrode(1,2) or two opposing endcap electrodes(2,3). Other possibilities are planar trap geometries, which have been investigated for Penning traps(4,5) and radiofrequency trap arrays(6-8). By not having the electrodes lie in a common plane, the optical access can be substantially increased. Here, we report the fabrication and experimental characterization of a novel radiofrequency ion trap geometry. It has a relatively simple structure and provides largely unrestricted optical and physical access to the ion, of up to 96% of the total 4 pi solid angle in one of the three traps tested. The trap might find applications in quantum optics and field sensing. As a force sensor, we estimate sensitivity to forces smaller than 1 yN Hz(-1/2). C1 [Maiwald, Robert; Leuchs, Gerd] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Opt Informat & Photon, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Maiwald, Robert; Leuchs, Gerd] Max Planck Inst Sci Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Leibfried, Dietrich; Britton, Joe; Bergquist, James C.; Wineland, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Maiwald, R (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Opt Informat & Photon, Staudtstr 7 B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM robert.maiwald@physik.uni-erlangen.de RI Leuchs, Gerd/G-6178-2012; OI Leuchs, Gerd/0000-0003-1967-2766; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU IARPA; NIST Quantum Information Program FX This work was supported by IARPA and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We thank C. Ospelkaus and S. Ospelkaus for comments on the manuscript. NR 30 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 5 IS 8 BP 551 EP 554 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1311 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 485OD UT WOS:000269132100012 ER PT J AU Lundblad, N Obrecht, JM Spielman, IB Porto, JV AF Lundblad, N. Obrecht, J. M. Spielman, I. B. Porto, J. V. TI Field-sensitive addressing and control of field-insensitive neutral-atom qubits SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICES; CONTROLLED COLLISIONS; ENTANGLEMENT; TRANSPORT; SPINS AB The establishment of a scalable scheme for quantum computing with addressable and long-lived qubits would provide a route to harnessing the laws of quantum physics to solve classically intractable problems. The design of many proposed platforms for quantum computing is driven by competing needs: isolating the quantum system from the environment to prevent decoherence, and easily and accurately controlling the system with external fields. For example, neutral-atom optical-lattice architectures provide environmental isolation through the use of states that are robust against fluctuating external fields, yet external fields are essential for qubit addressing. Here, we demonstrate the selection of individual qubits with external fields, while the qubits are in field-insensitive superpositions. We use a spatially inhomogeneous external field to map selected qubits to a different field-insensitive superposition, minimally perturbing unselected qubits, despite the fact that the addressing field is not spatially localized. We show robust single-qubit rotations on neutral-atom qubits located at selected lattice sites. This precise coherent control should be more generally applicable to state transfer and qubit isolation in other architectures using field-insensitive qubits. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lundblad, N (reprint author), Bates Coll, Dept Phys, 44 Campus Ave, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. EM nathan.lundblad@nist.gov RI Lundblad, Nathan/A-9965-2009 OI Lundblad, Nathan/0000-0003-0430-8064 FU National Research Council Research Associateship program FX This work was partially supported by DTO and ONR.N.L. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research Associateship program. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 5 IS 8 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1330 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 485OD UT WOS:000269132100017 ER PT J AU Palmer, MC Wigley, SE AF Palmer, Michael C. Wigley, Susan E. TI Using Positional Data from Vessel Monitoring Systems to Validate the Logbook-Reported Area Fished and the Stock Allocation of Commercial Fisheries Landings SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISHING EFFORT AB Stock allocations derived from vessel monitoring system (VMS) positional data from northeastern U.S. fisheries were compared with those obtained from mandatory vessel trip report (VTR) logbooks. A gear-specific speed algorithm was applied to VMS positions collected in 2005 from otter trawl, Atlantic sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus dredge, sink gill-net, and benthic longline fisheries to estimate the locations of fishing activity. Estimated fishing locations were used to reallocate the stock area landings of eight federally managed groundfish species. The accuracy of the VMS method relative to that of the mandatory logbooks wag assessed using haul locations and catch data recorded by at-sea observers. The VMS algorithm tended to overestimate the number of statistical areas fished, such that when a trip's fishing activity occurred in a single statistical area, logbooks more accurately reflected the true fishing location. However, when fishing activity occurred in multiple statistical areas, the VMS algorithm showed appreciable gains relative to logbook data. Compared with mandatory logbooks, the VMS method achieved distributions of stock landings closer to observer estimates in 77.8% of the cases examined. The stock allocation percentages from both the VMS- and VTR-based methods were within 1.7% for all stocks, suggesting that the impacts on total stock allocations are relatively minor. However, these small differences represent major relative differences in stock landings for less abundant stocks such as southern New England-Mid-Atlantic yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea, where the VTR-based method allocated 61.9% more landings than the VMS-based method. The VMS-based method is not a replacement for the VTR-based method; however, it can and should be used as a tool to identify those vessels for which targeted outreach activities would improve the accuracy of VTR statistical area reporting. C1 [Palmer, Michael C.; Wigley, Susan E.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Palmer, MC (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.palmer@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 928 EP 942 DI 10.1577/M08-135.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UR UT WOS:000272025000010 ER PT J AU Stehr, CM Linbo, TL Baldwin, DH Scholz, NL Incardona, JP AF Stehr, Carla M. Linbo, Tiffany L. Baldwin, David H. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Incardona, John P. TI Evaluating the Effects of Forestry Herbicides on Fish Development Using Rapid Phenotypic Screens SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; ACUTE TOXICITY; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; CELL-DEATH; CADMIUM EXPOSURE; MODEL VERTEBRATE; OLFACTORY SYSTEM AB Herbicides are used to control invasive or noxious plants on public lands throughout the western United States. These chemicals are often applied in the upper reaches of watersheds that provide spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous species of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., steelhead O. mykiss, and bull trout Salvelinus confluentus. As a consequence, natural resource managers must often weigh the ecological benefits of using herbicides to control nonnative plants against the potential for unintended toxicological impacts on salmonids, particularly during early life stages. However, the effects of chemical control agents on fish development have not been widely investigated. Their use in the vicinity of aquatic habitats, including areas that support threatened and endangered species, is therefore a concern. To address this uncertainty, we used the zebrafish Dania rerio as a model experimental system for investigating developmental toxicity, which involved conducting rapid and sensitive phenotypic screens for potential developmental defects resulting from exposure to six herbicides (picloram, clopyralid, imazapic, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr) and several technical formulations (Tordon K, Transline, Habitat, Plateau, Garlon 3A, and Renovate). Zebrafish embryos were exposed continuously through 5 d of development at nominal concentrations ranging from 3 mu g/L to 10 mg/L. Detailed screens were used to examine aspects of ontogeny from early development (gastrulation and segmentation) through organogenesis, hatching, and morphology as free-swimming larvae. Growth was measured at the end of each exposure interval. To detect defects in neural development (sensorimotor integration), the escape reflex of larvae was monitored at 3, 4, and 5 d after fertilization. No developmental toxicity was observed in response to the six individual herbicides or the different technical formulations. The absence of toxicity at relatively high exposure concentrations suggests that noxious weed control activities are not likely to pose a direct threat to the health of salmonids at early life stages. C1 [Stehr, Carla M.; Linbo, Tiffany L.; Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Incardona, John P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Stehr, CM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM carla.m.stehr@noaa.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU U.S. Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program. We thank Heather Day and Peter Kiffney for comments on the draft manuscript and Gary Smith and Janet Valle from the U.S. Forest Service for providing the herbicide technical formulations. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 975 EP 984 DI 10.1577/M08-173.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UR UT WOS:000272025000014 ER PT J AU Milliken, HO Farrington, M Rudolph, T Sanderson, M AF Milliken, Henry O. Farrington, Marianne Rudolph, Tom Sanderson, Melissa TI Survival of Discarded Sublegal Atlantic Cod in the Northwest Atlantic Demersal Longline Fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; IMPAIRMENT AB The survival of sublegal Atlantic cod Gadus morhua discarded in the U.S. Northwest Atlantic demersal longline fishery was examined for the effects that handling technique, sea surface temperature, and capture depth have on it. Longline-caught Atlantic cod were either removed from the hook by hand (unsnubbed) or by allowing the hydraulic hauler to pull the fish against the parallel steel cylinders placed vertically on the gunwale, causing the hook to pull through the jaw (snubbed). Jigged-caught fish served as an indicator of mortality occurring because of the experimental design in the survival experiments. Once caught, live fish were placed in underwater cages, and short-term survival was assessed after holding the fish for 3 d (approximately 72 h). Survival was analyzed with respect to three water depths and four sea surface temperature (SST) strata. Atlantic cod survival in these strata ranged from 31% to 100%. Depth and SST affected survival more than the dehooking technique; survival was higher in shallow depths and at lower temperatures. Unsnubbed fish had higher survival rates than snubbed fish. C1 [Milliken, Henry O.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rudolph, Tom; Sanderson, Melissa] Cape Cod Commercial Hook Fishermens Assoc, N Chatham, MA 02650 USA. RP Milliken, HO (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM henry.milliken@noaa.gov FU Northeast Consortium FX We are grateful for the statistical advice and guidance provided by Richard Pace of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center. Additionally, the captains and crew of FVs Saga, Rueby, Never Enough, Tenacious, Miss Morgan, Yellowbird, Time Bandit, Sea Holly, Magic, Seahound, Wendy Jean, and Sea Win were instrumental in providing vessels and assisting and providing information to the principal investigators regarding water temperature and Atlantic cod abundance that helped us plan our sampling trips. Albert Nardini, John Kenneway, Pete Schimmel, Anne Magoon, Connie Reid, Charlie Pitts, Don Slifka, Mike Anderson, and Jeremy Bicknell expertly assisted in the data collection for this study. Lara Slifka, Eric Brazer, Paul Parker, Nat Mason, and Sarah Gallo all helped to coordinate with the fishing industry and compile equipment and the data. Additionally, we are grateful to Mike Russo, who helped with Atlantic large-whale take reduction plan compliance; Peter Taylor, who helped build the moorings; Ben Bergquist, who helped with cage design and construction; and Kurt Martin and John Kelly, who helped with cage storage. Mike Davis (Alaska Fisheries Science Center) provided input on the experimental design of the cage density testing. Richard Merrick, Fred Serchuk, and three anonymous reviewers provided useful suggestions for this paper. Finally, we are grateful to the Northeast Consortium, which funded this project. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 985 EP 995 DI 10.1577/M08-008.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UR UT WOS:000272025000015 ER PT J AU Danger, G Ross, D AF Danger, Gregoire Ross, David TI Analytical Developments for the Search of Enantiomeric Excess in Extraterrestrial Environment SO ORIGINS OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION OF BIOSPHERES LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID SEPARATION; ENRICHMENT C1 [Danger, Gregoire] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. [Ross, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dangergregoire@yahoo.fr RI Danger, Gregoire/F-1425-2010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-6149 J9 ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B JI Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 458OL UT WOS:000267033300181 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, CJ Andrew, KL Cowan, RD AF Sansonetti, Craig J. Andrew, Kenneth L. Cowan, Robert D. TI Spectrum and energy levels of doubly ionized cesium (Cs III) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION PROBABILITIES; CONFIGURATIONS; WAVELENGTHS; LINES; XE; BA; IV AB The spectrum of doubly ionized cesium (Cs III) has been observed in the region 330-25000 angstrom, and the experimentally determined energy levels have been revised and extended. One thousand and ten spectral lines have been classified as transitions among 75 odd and 98 even parity levels, most of which are newly located. Most levels of the configurations 5s(2)5p(5), 5s5p(6) and 5s(2)5p(4)(5d, 6s, 6d, 7s, 5g, 6p and 4f) have been found and are theoretically interpreted including the most important configuration interactions. Low-lying levels of the 5s(2)5p(4)(7d, 7p and 5f) configurations and a few levels of other configurations have also been located. The Cs III ionization energy is found to be 267 736 +/- 30 cm(-1). C1 [Sansonetti, Craig J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Andrew, Kenneth L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cowan, Robert D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sansonetti, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 AR 025303 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/80/02/025303 PG 39 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 480WI UT WOS:000268767300010 ER PT J AU Bickman, S Hamilton, P Jiang, Y DeMille, D AF Bickman, S. Hamilton, P. Jiang, Y. DeMille, D. TI Preparation and detection of states with simultaneous spin alignment and selectable molecular orientation in PbO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID VAPORIZATION AB We are pursuing an experiment to measure the electric dipole moment of the electron using the molecule PbO. This measurement requires the ability to prepare quantum states with selectable orientation of the molecular axis and, simultaneously, alignment of the electron spin perpendicular to this axis. It also requires efficient detection of the evolution of the spin-alignment direction within such a state. We describe a series of experiments that have achieved these goals, and the features and limitations of the techniques. Our results include observation of and explanation for a small electric-field dependence of the magnetic g factor in the oriented states. We also discuss possible approaches for improved efficiency in this and similar systems. C1 [Bickman, S.; Hamilton, P.; Jiang, Y.; DeMille, D.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Bickman, S (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Jiang, Yong/A-8956-2013; Hamilton, Paul/E-7891-2015 OI Jiang, Yong/0000-0002-5659-6953; Hamilton, Paul/0000-0001-6080-632X FU NSF [PHY0555462] FX We thank M. Kozlov for many useful discussions, including his derivation of the function g(E); and F. Bay, D. Kawall, and V. Prasad for their contributions to earlier parts of the experiment. We are grateful for the support of NSF Grant No. PHY0555462. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 AR 023418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.023418 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 492ES UT WOS:000269638200129 ER PT J AU Hu, AZ Mathey, L Danshita, I Tiesinga, E Williams, CJ Clark, CW AF Hu, Anzi Mathey, L. Danshita, Ippei Tiesinga, Eite Williams, Carl J. Clark, Charles W. TI Counterflow and paired superfluidity in one-dimensional Bose mixtures in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; QUANTUM-THEORY; GAS; PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BOSONS AB We study the quantum phases of mixtures of ultracold bosonic atoms held in an optical lattice that confines motion or hopping to one spatial dimension. The phases are found by using the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory as well as the numerical method of time-evolving block decimation (TEBD). We consider a binary mixture of equal density with repulsive intraspecies interactions and either repulsive or attractive interspecies interaction. For a homogeneous system, we find paired and counterflow superfluid phases at different filling and hopping energies. We also predict parameter regions in which these types of superfluid order coexist with charge-density wave order. We show that the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory and the TEBD qualitatively agree on the location of the phase boundary to superfluidity. We then describe how these phases are modified and can be detected when an additional harmonic trap is present. In particular, we show how experimentally measurable quantities, such as time-of-flight images and the structure factor, can be used to distinguish the quantum phases. Finally, we suggest applying a Feshbach ramp to detect the paired superfluid state and a pi/2 pulse followed by Bragg spectroscopy to detect the counterflow superfluid phase. C1 [Hu, Anzi; Mathey, L.; Tiesinga, Eite; Williams, Carl J.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Anzi; Mathey, L.; Tiesinga, Eite; Williams, Carl J.; Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Danshita, Ippei] Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Danshita, Ippei] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Hu, AZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; FU NSF [PHY-0822671]; NRC/NIST; JSPS FX This work was supported by NSF under Physics Frontier Grant No. PHY-0822671. L. M. acknowledges support from NRC/NIST. I. D. acknowledges support from a Grant-in-Aid from JSPS. NR 61 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 AR 023619 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.023619 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 492ES UT WOS:000269638200156 ER PT J AU Olmschenk, S Hayes, D Matsukevich, DN Maunz, P Moehring, DL Younge, KC Monroe, C AF Olmschenk, S. Hayes, D. Matsukevich, D. N. Maunz, P. Moehring, D. L. Younge, K. C. Monroe, C. TI Measurement of the lifetime of the 6p P-2(1/2)0 level of Yb+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; CLOCK TRANSITION; YTTERBIUM IONS; QUANTUM BEATS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; STATES AB We present a precise measurement of the lifetime of the 6(p) P-2(1/2)0 excited state of a single trapped ytterbium ion (Yb+). A time-correlated single-photon counting technique is used, where ultrafast pulses excite the ion and the emitted photons are coupled into a single-mode optical fiber. By performing the measurement on a single atom with fast excitation and excellent spatial filtering, we are able to eliminate common systematics. The lifetime of the 6p P-2(1/2)0 state is measured to be 8.12 +/- 0.02 ns, in good agreement with previous experimental measurements and some theoretical values. C1 [Olmschenk, S.; Hayes, D.; Matsukevich, D. N.; Maunz, P.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Olmschenk, S.; Hayes, D.; Matsukevich, D. N.; Maunz, P.; Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moehring, D. L.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Younge, K. C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Younge, K. C.] Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Olmschenk, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM smolms@umd.edu RI Matsukevich, Dzmitry/C-9134-2009; Olmschenk, Steven/D-4960-2011; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 OI Olmschenk, Steven/0000-0003-0105-7714; NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 AR 022502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.022502 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 492ES UT WOS:000269638200074 ER PT J AU Reichenbach, I Julienne, PS Deutsch, IH AF Reichenbach, Iris Julienne, Paul S. Deutsch, Ivan H. TI Controlling nuclear spin exchange via optical Feshbach resonances in 171(Yb) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE Bell theorem; quantum entanglement ID SCATTERING; ATOMS; PHOTOASSOCIATION; MOLECULES; LATTICE; GASES; LIGHT AB We demonstrate how to efficiently derive a broad class of inequalities for entanglement detection in multimode continuous variable systems. The separability conditions are established from partial transposition (PT) in combination with several distinct necessary conditions for a quantum physical state, which include previously established inequalities as special cases. Remarkably, our method enables us to support Peres' conjecture to its full generality within the framework of Cavalcanti-Foster-Reid-Drummond multipartite Bell inequality [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 210405 (2007)] that the nonlocality necessarily implies negative PT entangled states. C1 [Reichenbach, Iris; Deutsch, Ivan H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reichenbach, I (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM irappert@unm.edu RI Deutsch, Ivan/D-1882-2009; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0508]; IARPA [DAAD19-13-R-0011] FX We want to thank Eite Tiesinga for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-03-1-0508) and IARPA (Grant No. DAAD19-13-R-0011). NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 AR 020701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.020701 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 492ES UT WOS:000269638200002 ER PT J AU Wilson, RM Ronen, S Bohn, JL AF Wilson, Ryan M. Ronen, Shai Bohn, John L. TI Angular collapse of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GAS AB We explore the structure and dynamics of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (DBECs) near their threshold for instability. Near this threshold a DBEC may exhibit nontrivial biconcave density distributions, which are associated with instability against collapse into "angular roton" modes. Here we discuss experimental signatures of these features. In the first, we infer local collapse of the DBEC from the experimental stability diagram. In the second, we explore the dynamics of collapse and find that a nontrivial angular distribution is a signature of the DBEC possessing a biconcave structure. C1 [Wilson, Ryan M.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wilson, RM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Wilson, Ryan/F-3199-2010; Ronen, Shai/B-7940-2008 OI Ronen, Shai/0000-0002-2239-2397 NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 AR 023614 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.023614 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 492ES UT WOS:000269638200151 ER PT J AU Diallo, SO Azuah, RT Kirichek, O Taylor, JW Glyde, HR AF Diallo, S. O. Azuah, R. T. Kirichek, O. Taylor, J. W. Glyde, H. R. TI Limits on Bose-Einstein condensation in confined solid He-4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE Bose-Einstein condensation; neutron diffraction; solid helium; superfluidity ID SUPERSOLID HELIUM; TRANSITION; PHASE; STATE AB We report neutron-scattering measurements of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) fraction, n(0), in solid helium that has a large surface to volume (S/V) ratio. Rittner and Reppy observed large superfluid fractions, rho(S)/rho, in large S/V samples with rho(S)/rho approximately proportional to S/V, up to rho(S)/rho=20% at S/V=150 cm(-1). Our goal is to reveal whether there is BEC associated with these large rho(S)/rho. Our solid volume is 100 cm(3) of commercial grade helium at 41 bars pressure (T-c similar or equal to 200 mK) in a cell that has S/V=40 cm(-1) that cannot be quenched rapidly. We find no evidence for BEC or algebraic off diagonal long-range order with n(0)=0.0 +/- 0.3% at 65 mK. C1 [Diallo, S. O.; Glyde, H. R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Diallo, S. O.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kirichek, O.; Taylor, J. W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Spallat Neutron Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Diallo, SO (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Kirichek, Oleg/C-2660-2013; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 FU U. S. DOE, Office of Science [DE-FG02-03ER46038] FX We thank Richard Down for valuable technical assistance at ISIS. This work was supported by the U. S. DOE, Office of Science (Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46038). NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 AR 060504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.060504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 492EX UT WOS:000269638800013 ER PT J AU Jurchescu, OD Mourey, DA Subramanian, S Parkin, SR Vogel, BM Anthony, JE Jackson, TN Gundlach, DJ AF Jurchescu, Oana D. Mourey, Devin A. Subramanian, Sankar Parkin, Sean R. Vogel, Brandon M. Anthony, John E. Jackson, Thomas N. Gundlach, David J. TI Effects of polymorphism on charge transport in organic semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; organic field effect transistors; organic semiconductors; polymorphic transformations ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SOLUBLE ANTHRADITHIOPHENE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; BAND-STRUCTURE; PENTACENE; MOBILITY; CIRCUITS; RUBRENE; POLYMER AB The increasing interest in fluorinated 5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene is motivated by the demonstrated high-performance organic field-effect transistors and circuits based on this organic semiconductor, complemented by reduced complexity processing methods that enable this performance. We identify two polymorphs of this material and report on their crystal structure, formation, and the effect of the different molecular packings on the electronic properties. The polymorphs are interconvertible through a phase transition that occurs at T=294 K. We study the variations in the electrical properties as a response to the structural changes induced by the phase transition in both single crystals and thin films, and discuss the technological implications that a room-temperature phase transition has on the performance and stability of devices fabricated with this organic semiconductor. C1 [Jurchescu, Oana D.; Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jurchescu, Oana D.; Mourey, Devin A.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Thin Film Devices, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Subramanian, Sankar; Parkin, Sean R.; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Vogel, Brandon M.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Jurchescu, Oana D.; Mourey, Devin A.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Jurchescu, OD (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM oana.jurchescu@nist.gov; david.gundlach@nist.gov RI Jackson, Thomas/A-4224-2012; Parkin, Sean/E-7044-2011 OI Vogel, Brandon/0000-0002-7370-9577; Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888; NR 42 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 69 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 8 AR 085201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.085201 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 492FC UT WOS:000269639300057 ER PT J AU Yu, J Louca, D Phelan, D Tomiyasu, K Horigane, K Yamada, K AF Yu, J. Louca, Despina Phelan, D. Tomiyasu, K. Horigane, K. Yamada, K. TI Uncharacteristic phase separation trends with the ionic size in cobaltites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; barium compounds; calcium compounds; commensurate-incommensurate transformations; doping; ferromagnetic materials; ground states; lanthanum compounds; long-range order; magnetic structure; magnetic transitions; neutron diffraction; phase separation; strontium compounds ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANITES; STRIPE; DIAGRAM; ORDER AB Using elastic neutron scattering on single crystals of La(1-x)A(x)CoO(3) (A=Ca(2+), Sr(2+), and Ba(2+)), we found the development of magnetic superstructures below the global magnetic transition to be strongly dependent on the size of the A-site dopant, << r(A)>>, in an unusual way. Upon reducing the << r(A)>> (i.e., as with Ca doping), only a commensurate ferromagnetic cluster phase is evident. On expanding the << r(A)>>, the tendency toward coexistence of competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders increases giving rise to an inhomogeneous ground state. The antiferromagnetic ordered state, initially incommensurate, continuously strengthens and becomes commensurate with long-range order and a characteristic cubic wave vector of Q(c)=(0.25,0.25,0.25) with x. The two competing order parameters become comparable in magnitude indicative of the phase-separated nature of the cobalt perovskite system. C1 [Yu, J.; Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Phelan, D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tomiyasu, K.; Horigane, K.; Yamada, K.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM louca@virginia.edu RI Horigane, Kazumasa/B-7763-2010; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER45927]; U. S. DOC [NIST-70NANB5H1152]; IMI Program of the National Science Foundation [DMR04-09848]; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors would like to thank S. Ishihara, Y. Murakami, and H. Nakao for useful discussions. They thank E. Dagotto for critical reading of the manuscript and H. J. Kang and T. Hong for help with some of the experiments performed at NIST and ORNL. This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-01ER45927, the U. S. DOC through Grant No. NIST-70NANB5H1152, the IMI Program of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR04-09848, and by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 5 AR 052402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.052402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 492EU UT WOS:000269638500008 ER PT J AU Turner, J Overland, J AF Turner, John Overland, Jim TI Contrasting climate change in the two polar regions SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Annular modes; Antarctic; Arctic; climate change; ozone hole ID SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; ANTARCTIC SEA-ICE; INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR; ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RIVER DISCHARGE; OZONE DEPLETION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; LEVEL RISE AB The two polar regions have experienced remarkably different climatic changes in recent decades. The Arctic has seen a marked reduction in sea-ice extent throughout the year, with a peak during the autumn. A new record minimum extent occurred in 2007, which was 40% below the long-term climatological mean. In contrast, the extent of Antarctic sea ice has increased, with the greatest growth being in the autumn. There has been a large-scale warming across much of the Arctic, with a resultant loss of permafrost and a reduction in snow cover. The bulk of the Antarctic has experienced little change in surface temperature over the last 50 years, although a slight cooling has been evident around the coast of East Antarctica since about 1980, and recent research has pointed to a warming across West Antarctica. The exception is the Antarctic Peninsula, where there has been a winter (summer) season warming on the western (eastern) side. Many of the different changes observed between the two polar regions can be attributed to topographic factors and land/sea distribution. The location of the Arctic Ocean at high latitude, with the consequently high level of solar radiation received in summer, allows the ice-albedo feedback mechanism to operate effectively. The Antarctic ozone hole has had a profound effect on the circulations of the high latitude ocean and atmosphere, isolating the continent and increasing the westerly winds over the Southern Ocean, especially during the summer and winter. C1 [Turner, John] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Overland, Jim] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Turner, J (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM J.Turner@bas.ac.uk NR 102 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 7 U2 75 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0800-0395 EI 1751-8369 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 146 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00128.x PG 19 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA 474RV UT WOS:000268302600002 ER PT J AU Sutton, PC Anderson, SJ Elvidge, CD Tuttle, BT Ghosh, T AF Sutton, Paul C. Anderson, Sharolyn J. Elvidge, Christopher D. Tuttle, Benjamin T. Ghosh, Tilottama TI Paving the planet: impervious surface as proxy measure of the human ecological footprint SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE DMSP OLS; ecological footprint; impervious surface; nighttime satellite imagery; sustainability index ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; POPULATION-GROWTH; HUMAN-SETTLEMENTS; SATELLITE DATA; CITY LIGHTS; IMAGERY; EMISSIONS; DENSITY; AREA AB Fundamental questions regarding the human-environment-sustainability problematic remain contested. What are the relative roles of population, consumption, and technology with respect to sustainability? How can sustainability be measured? Numerous metrics have been developed to address these controversial questions including ideas of carrying capacity, environmental sustainability indices, and ecological footprints. This work explores the question: is pavement a proxy measure of human impact on the environment? We explore and evaluate the use of satellite derived density grids of constructed area (aka 'pavement' or 'impervious surface') in the calculation of national and subnational 'ecological footprints'. We generated a global constructed area density grid for the 2000-2001 period using satellite observed nighttime lights and a population count grid from the US Department of Energy. Satellite data inputs to the population product include MODIS landcover, SRTM topography and high-resolution imagery. Calibration of the global constructed area density product was derived from high-resolution aerial photographs. We demonstrate that a satellite derived constructed area per person index can serve as a proxy measure of ecological footprints at both the national and subnational level. This relatively simple and globally uniform measure of human impact on the environment correlates strongly with other more difficult to obtain measures. C1 [Sutton, Paul C.; Anderson, Sharolyn J.; Tuttle, Benjamin T.; Ghosh, Tilottama] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Boettcher Ctr W, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.; Tuttle, Benjamin T.; Ghosh, Tilottama] US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Geophys Data Ctr,Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sutton, PC (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Boettcher Ctr W, 2050 E Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM psutton@du.edu RI Sutton, Paul/A-6764-2013; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; anderson, sharolyn/F-4653-2013 OI Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256; anderson, sharolyn/0000-0002-9456-0193 NR 57 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 31 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-1333 J9 PROG PHYS GEOG JI Prog. Phys. Geogr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 510 EP 527 DI 10.1177/0309133309346649 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 503OA UT WOS:000270545000005 ER PT J AU Gupta, P Noone, D Galewsky, J Sweeney, C Vaughn, BH AF Gupta, Priya Noone, David Galewsky, Joseph Sweeney, Colm Vaughn, Bruce H. TI Demonstration of high-precision continuous measurements of water vapor isotopologues in laboratory and remote field deployments using wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) technology SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Joint European Stable Isotobe User Meeting (JESIUM) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2008 CL Presquile de Giens, FRANCE ID LASER SPECTROSCOPY; PRECIPITATION; DEUTERIUM; O-18 AB This study demonstrates the application of Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) technology which is used to measure the stable isotopic composition of water. This isotopic water analyzer incorporates an evaporator system that allows liquid water as well as water vapor to be measured with high precision. The analyzer can measure H(2)(18)O, H(2)(16)O and HD(16)O content of the water sample simultaneously. The results of a laboratory test and two field trials with this analyzer are described. The results of these trials show that the isotopic water analyzer gives precise, accurate measurements with little or no instrument drift for the two most common isotopologues of water. In the laboratory the analyzer has a precision of 0.5 per mil for delta D and 0.1 per mil for delta(18)O which is similar to the precision obtained by laboratory-based isotope ratio mass spectrometers. In the field, when measuring vapor samples, the analyzer has a precision of 1.0 per mil for delta D and 0.2 per mil for delta(18)O. These results demonstrate that the isotopic water analyzer is a powerful tool that is appropriate for use in a wide range of applications and environments. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gupta, Priya] Picarro Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Noone, David] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Noone, David; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Galewsky, Joseph] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Vaughn, Bruce H.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gupta, P (reprint author), Picarro Inc, 480 Oakmead Pkwy, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. EM pgupta@picarro.com OI VAUGHN, BRUCE/0000-0001-6503-957X FU NCRR NIH HHS [2 R44 RR021297-02] NR 22 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 16 BP 2534 EP 2542 DI 10.1002/rcm.4100 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 480HN UT WOS:000268724600020 PM 19603459 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI An assessment of the black ocean pixel assumption for MODIS SWIR bands SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color remote sensing; Atmospheric correction for turbid waters; Black ocean pixel assumption; Shortwave infrared bands ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SEAWIFS OCEAN; COLOR; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM; COASTAL; IMAGERY; MODEL AB Recent studies show that an atmospheric correction algorithm using shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands improves satellite-derived ocean color products in turbid coastal waters. In this paper, the black pixel assumption (i.e., zero water-leaving radiance contribution) over the ocean for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) SWIR bands at 1240, 1640, and 2130 run is assessed for various coastal ocean regions. The black pixel assumption is found to be generally valid with the MODIS SWIR bands at 1640 and 2130 nm even for extremely turbid waters. For the MODIS 1240 nm band, however, ocean radiance contribution is generally negligible in mildly turbid waters such as regions along the U.S. east coast, while some slight radiance contributions are observed in extremely turbid waters, e.g., some regions along the China east coast, the estuary of the La Plata River. Particularly, in the Hangzhou Bay, the ocean radiance contribution at the SWIR band 1240 mn results in an overcorrection of atmospheric and surface effects, leading to errors of MODIS-derived normalized water-leaving radiance at the blue reaching similar to 0.5 MW cm(-2) mu m(-1) sr(-1). In addition, we found that, for non-extremely turbid waters, i.e., the ocean contribution at the near-infrared (NIR) band 3500 individuals from 20 spp. of minor piscivores. Patterns in the consumption of fish prey by these minor piscivores, especially the highly abundant sparids, sillaginids and ambassids, revealed that the low average occurrence of fish in their diet greatly underestimated the predation pressure imposed by these on fish prey at particular locations and times. For most sampling occasions and locations few minor piscivores consumed fish prey (consumed by 0% of individuals examined), while occasionally a large proportion of individuals within a taxon did so (50-100% of individuals consumed fish prey). Often at such times/locations multiple species of minor piscivores simultaneously preyed heavily on fish. When minor piscivores consumed fish, they preyed mainly on small new recruits. Because many of these minor piscivores are relatively recent recruits, many of the small and juvenile fishes believed to gain refuge in shallow estuarine nurseries may themselves be important predators on fish subsequently recruiting to these habitats, and so potentially play a significant role in structuring estuarine fish faunas and the functioning of shallow water nurseries. C1 [Baker, Ron] NOAA, SEFSC Galveston Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Baker, Ron; Sheaves, Marcus] James Cook Univ, Estuarine & Coastal Ecol Grp, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Baker, R (reprint author), NOAA, SEFSC Galveston Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM ronnie.baker@noaa.gov RI Sheaves, Marcus/G-4283-2012; Baker, Ronald/J-9060-2014 OI Sheaves, Marcus/0000-0003-0662-3439; Baker, Ronald/0000-0001-8408-0324 FU Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management; School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University FX We thank Jane Wilson for her contribution of dietary data, and JW and Keith van den Broek for assistance in the field. The comments of reviewers greatly improved this manuscript, as did the comments and advice of two reviewers of the thesis chapter on which this manuscript is based ( R. Rountree and one anonymous). This study was funded by the Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management (Coastal CRC) and the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University. Field sampling was conducted under Queensland General Fisheries Permit PRM03681A, and JCU Ethics approval A621_00. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s11273-008-9109-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 462PR UT WOS:000267368600004 ER PT J AU Worm, B Hilborn, R Baum, JK Branch, TA Collie, JS Costello, C Fogarty, MJ Fulton, EA Hutchings, JA Jennings, S Jensen, OP Lotze, HK Mace, PM McClanahan, TR Minto, C Palumbi, SR Parma, AM Ricard, D Rosenberg, AA Watson, R Zeller, D AF Worm, Boris Hilborn, Ray Baum, Julia K. Branch, Trevor A. Collie, Jeremy S. Costello, Christopher Fogarty, Michael J. Fulton, Elizabeth A. Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Jennings, Simon Jensen, Olaf P. Lotze, Heike K. Mace, Pamela M. McClanahan, Tim R. Minto, Coilin Palumbi, Stephen R. Parma, Ana M. Ricard, Daniel Rosenberg, Andrew A. Watson, Reg Zeller, Dirk TI Rebuilding Global Fisheries SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIODIVERSITY LOSS; ECOSYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; FISH; RECOVERY; SUSTAINABILITY; EXPERIENCE; ESTUARIES; COLLAPSE; ATLANTIC AB After a long history of overexploitation, increasing efforts to restore marine ecosystems and rebuild fisheries are under way. Here, we analyze current trends from a fisheries and conservation perspective. In 5 of 10 well-studied ecosystems, the average exploitation rate has recently declined and is now at or below the rate predicted to achieve maximum sustainable yield for seven systems. Yet 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species. Combined fisheries and conservation objectives can be achieved by merging diverse management actions, including catch restrictions, gear modification, and closed areas, depending on local context. Impacts of international fleets and the lack of alternatives to fishing complicate prospects for rebuilding fisheries in many poorer regions, highlighting the need for a global perspective on rebuilding marine resources. C1 [Worm, Boris; Hutchings, Jeffrey A.; Lotze, Heike K.; Minto, Coilin; Ricard, Daniel] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Hilborn, Ray; Branch, Trevor A.; Jensen, Olaf P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baum, Julia K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Collie, Jeremy S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Costello, Christopher] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Jennings, Simon] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Jennings, Simon] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Mace, Pamela M.] Minist Fisheries, Wellington, New Zealand. [McClanahan, Tim R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Marine Programs, Mombasa, Kenya. [Palumbi, Stephen R.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Watson, Reg; Zeller, Dirk] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Worm, B (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM bworm@dal.ca; rayh@u.washington.edu RI Jensen, Olaf/E-4947-2011; Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008; Branch, Trevor/A-5691-2009; Watson, Reg/F-4850-2012; Jennings, Simon/F-5085-2012; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013; Ricard, Daniel/G-1814-2014; OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917; Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF; University of California, Santa Barbara; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Sea Around Us Project; Pew Charitable Trusts FX This work was conducted as part of the "Finding common ground in marine conservation and management" Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis funded by NSF, the University of California, and the Santa Barbara campus. The authors acknowledge the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation for funding database development, the Sea Around Us Project funded by Pew Charitable Trusts for compiling global catch data, and numerous colleagues and institutions around the world for sharing fisheries assessment, catch, access, and survey data, and ecosystem models. NR 41 TC 873 Z9 884 U1 84 U2 861 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 31 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5940 BP 578 EP 585 DI 10.1126/science.1173146 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 477BY UT WOS:000268493000042 PM 19644114 ER PT J AU Lance, S Nenes, A Mazzoleni, C Dubey, MK Gates, H Varutbangkul, V Rissman, TA Murphy, SM Sorooshian, A Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Feingold, G Jonsson, HH AF Lance, Sara Nenes, Athanasios Mazzoleni, Claudio Dubey, Manvendra K. Gates, Harmony Varutbangkul, Varuntida Rissman, Tracey A. Murphy, Shane M. Sorooshian, Armin Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. Feingold, Graham Jonsson, Haflidi H. TI Cloud condensation nuclei activity, closure, and droplet growth kinetics of Houston aerosol during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; CCN ACTIVITY; INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SURFACE-TENSION; PARTICLES; SIZE; WATER AB In situ cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements were obtained in the boundary layer over Houston, Texas, during the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) campaign onboard the CIRPAS Twin Otter. Polluted air masses in and out of cloudy regions were sampled for a total of 22 flights, with CCN measurements obtained for 17 of these flights. In this paper, we focus on CCN closure during two flights, within and downwind of the Houston regional plume and over the Houston Ship Channel. During both flights, air was sampled with particle concentrations exceeding 25,000 cm(-3) and CCN concentrations exceeding 10,000 cm(-3). CCN closure is evaluated by comparing measured concentrations with those predicted on the basis of measured aerosol size distributions and aerosol mass spectrometer particle composition. Different assumptions concerning the internally mixed chemical composition result in average CCN overprediction ranging from 3% to 36% (based on a linear fit). It is hypothesized that the externally mixed fraction of the aerosol contributes much of the CCN closure scatter, while the internally mixed fraction largely controls the overprediction bias. On the basis of the droplet sizes of activated CCN, organics do not seem to impact, on average, the CCN activation kinetics. C1 [Lance, Sara; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lance, Sara; Feingold, Graham] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gates, Harmony; Varutbangkul, Varuntida; Rissman, Tracey A.; Murphy, Shane M.; Sorooshian, Armin; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina, CA 93933 USA. [Mazzoleni, Claudio] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lance, Sara; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Lance, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Lance, Sara/A-4834-2011; Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA05OAR4310101, NA06OAR4310082]; NSF; Office of Naval Research; Georgia Institute of Technology; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Advanced Study Program (ASP) Graduate Fellowship; National Research Council Research Associateships Program Fellowship FX We acknowledge support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under contracts NA05OAR4310101 and NA06OAR4310082, the support of an NSF CAREER grant, and the Office of Naval Research. S. L. would like to acknowledge the support of a Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) Presidential Fellowship, a National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Advanced Study Program (ASP) Graduate Fellowship, and a National Research Council Research Associateships Program Fellowship (awarded January 2008). We also thank C. Brock and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, as well as A. Stohl and S. Ekhardt for providing the Flexpart back trajectory results. M. K. D. and C. M. thank LANL-LDRD and DOE-Office of Science-OBER-ASP for support of the photoacoustic deployment. NR 51 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 30 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F15 DI 10.1029/2008JD011699 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479AT UT WOS:000268631800002 ER PT J AU Wilczak, JM Djalalova, I McKeen, S Bianco, L Bao, JW Grell, G Peckham, S Mathur, R McQueen, J Lee, P AF Wilczak, James M. Djalalova, Irina McKeen, Stuart Bianco, Laura Bao, Jian-Wen Grell, Georg Peckham, Steven Mathur, Rohit McQueen, Jeff Lee, Pius TI Analysis of regional meteorology and surface ozone during the TexAQS II field program and an evaluation of the NMM-CMAQ and WRF-Chem air quality models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; HOUSTON; SYSTEM AB This study examines meteorological conditions associated with regional surface ozone using data collected during the summer Second Texas Air Quality Experiment, and the ability of the Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model-Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (NMM-CMAQ) and the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) models to simulate the observed meteorology and surface ozone. The surface ozone data consist of 118 sites that are part of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Aerometric Information Retrieval Now (AIRNow) network, while the meteorological data came from a network of eleven 915-MHz wind profilers with RASS temperatures and supporting surface meteorological stations. High and low 8-h maximum ozone occurrences most frequently develop as regional events, with similar ozone concentration patterns across all of east Texas, allowing for a separate analysis of high- and low-ozone day conditions. The ability of the NMM-CMAQ and WRF-Chem models to simulate the meteorologically distinct high- and low-ozone events is analyzed. Histograms of surface ozone show that both the NMM-CMAQ and WRF-Chem models underpredict the full range found in the observations. For low ozone values, the analysis indicates that the models have a positive bias because of too large of an ozone inflow boundary condition value over the Gulf of Mexico. In contrast, the models have a negative bias for very high ozone values that occur mostly in Houston and Dallas, which suggests that the urban emissions and/or chemistry is misrepresented in the models. C1 [Wilczak, James M.; Djalalova, Irina; McKeen, Stuart; Bianco, Laura; Bao, Jian-Wen; Grell, Georg; Peckham, Steven] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Djalalova, Irina; McKeen, Stuart; Bianco, Laura; Grell, Georg; Peckham, Steven] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McQueen, Jeff; Lee, Pius] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Mathur, Rohit] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wilczak, JM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.wilczak@noaa.gov RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We wish to thank Bryan Lambeth and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Clinton MacDonald and Charley Knoderer from Sonoma Technology Inc., Allen White from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Science Division, and Wayne Angevine from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory/Chemical Science Division for generously providing the wind profiler data used in this analysis. We also thank John Nielsen-Gammon and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Partial funding for this research was provided by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 30 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F14 DI 10.1029/2008JD011675 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479AT UT WOS:000268631800001 ER PT J AU Stafford, GR Bertocci, U AF Stafford, G. R. Bertocci, U. TI In Situ Stress and Nanogravimetric Measurements During Hydrogen Adsorption/Absorption on Pd Overlayers Deposited onto (111)-Textured Au SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; AU(111) ELECTRODE SURFACE; WEBER THIN-FILMS; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; ACIDIC-SOLUTIONS; FOIL ELECTRODE; PALLADIUM; ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION AB The stress induced by electrochemical hydrogen adsorption and absorption in very thin palladium layers electrodeposited onto (111)-textured gold has been examined in 0.1 M H(2)SO(4) by the cantilever curvature method and by comparing resonant frequency changes on AT- and BT-cut quartz crystals. A compressive surface stress change of about -0.25 N m(-1) is measured in the hydrogen adsorption region. Compressive stress for hydrogen adsorption is not expected from charge distribution models for adsorbate-induced surface stress but is consistent with first-principles calculations in the literature as well as experimental data for H adsorbed on Pt(111). Cantilever measurements in the hydrogen absorption region are consistent with a maximum atomic H/Pd loading of 0.63 and give a compressive stress-thickness change of -0.45 N m(-1) per monolayer of Pd, corresponding to a biaxial stress change of -2.0 GPa. A somewhat lower value of -0.80 GPa for a H/Pd loading of 0.68 was obtained from EQNB data using the double crystal technique. These stress values fall well within the range of experimental values reported in the literature for P-hydride generated both electrochemically and from the gas phase. C1 [Stafford, G. R.; Bertocci, U.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, GR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Carlos Beauchamp for a variety of technical contributions, Abhishek Motayed for electron-beam evaporating the Au cantilever electrodes, and Stefan Leigh for his statistical analysis of the EQNB data. Certain trade names are mentioned for experimental information only, and in no case does it imply a recommendation or endorsement by the NIST NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 30 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 30 BP 13249 EP 13256 DI 10.1021/jp902382q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 473TZ UT WOS:000268233800051 ER PT J AU Solomon, S AF Solomon, Susan TI The Long Thaw: How Humans Are Changing the Next 100,000 Years of Earth's Climate SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Solomon, Susan] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 30 PY 2009 VL 460 IS 7255 BP 575 EP 575 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 476PK UT WOS:000268454300021 ER PT J AU Smith, T Sapiano, M Arkin, P AF Smith, T. Sapiano, M. Arkin, P. TI Modes of multi-decadal oceanic precipitation variations from a reconstruction and AR4 model output for the 20th century SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; ENSO AB Monthly oceanic precipitation variations are available from satellite observations beginning 1979 and from models for earlier periods, and both the observations and models indicate increasing global-average precipitation with warming global temperatures. Recently the authors developed an indirect data-based reconstruction of precipitation beginning 1900, which is used here to analyze near-global average multi-decadal oceanic variations through the 20th century. We compare this new reconstruction to oceanic coupled-model precipitation from AR4 models beginning 1900, and to GPCP precipitation beginning 1979. Both the reconstruction and AR4 models indicate increasing precipitation over the 20th century. The reconstruction increase is stronger than the AR4 increase largely due to a climate shift in the 1970s that is resolved by the reconstruction but absent in the AR4 ensemble. The reconstruction climate shift has an ENSO-like spatial pattern and in the reconstruction the shift is associated with an ENSO mode, consistent with work done by others. The influence of this mode indicates the need for coupled models to accurately simulate the tropical Pacific in order to resolve that region's influence on multi-decadal variations. Citation: Smith, T., M. Sapiano, and P. Arkin (2009), Modes of multi-decadal oceanic precipitation variations from a reconstruction and AR4 model output for the 20th century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14708, doi:10.1029/2009GL039234. C1 [Smith, T.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Smith, T.; Sapiano, M.; Arkin, P.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Smith, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Sapiano, Mathew/F-4688-2010; Arkin, Phillip/F-5808-2010; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 FU NOAA [NA17EC1483] FX This project is supported in part by the Climate Change Data and Diagnostic Program Element of the NOAA Climate Program Office and the Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies, NOAA grant NA17EC1483. Reviews of earlier drafts by R. Reynolds, Y. Xue, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the final version of this paper. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L14708 DI 10.1029/2009GL039234 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 479AN UT WOS:000268631200004 ER PT J AU Brinson, RG Turner, KB Yi-Brunozzi, HY Le Grice, SFJ Fabris, D Marino, JP AF Brinson, Robert G. Turner, Kevin B. Yi-Brunozzi, Hye Young Le Grice, Stuart F. J. Fabris, Daniele Marino, John P. TI Probing Anomalous Structural Features in Polypurine Tract-Containing RNA-DNA Hybrids with Neomycin B SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSFORM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEIC-ACID LIGANDS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING; THERMODYNAMICS; RECOGNITION AB During (-)-strand DNA synthesis in retroviruses and Saccharomyces cerevisiae LTR retrotransposons, a purine rich region of the RNA template, known as the polypurine tract (PPT), is resistant to RNase H-mediated hydrolysis and subsequently serves as a primer for (+)-strand, DNA-dependent DNA synthesis. Although HIV-1 and Ty3 PPT sequences share no sequence similarity beyond the fact that both include runs of purine ribonucleotides, it has been suggested that these PPTs are processed by their cognate reverse transcriptases (RTs) through a common molecular mechanism. Here, we have used the aminoglycoside neomycin B (NB) to examine which structural features of the Ty3 PPT contribute to specific recognition and processing by its cognate RT. Using high-resolution NMR, direct infusion FTICR mass spectrometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry, we show that NB binds preferentially and selectively adjacent to the Ty3 3' PPT-U3 cleavage junction and in an upstream 5' region where the thumb subdomain of Ty3 RT putatively grips the substrate. Regions highlighted by NB oil the Ty3 PPT are similar to those previously identified oil the HIV-1 PPT sequence that are implicated as contact points for substrate binding by its RT. Our findings thus Support the notion that common structural features of lentiviral and LTR-retrotransposon PPTs facilitate the interaction with their cognate RT. C1 [Brinson, Robert G.; Marino, John P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Brinson, Robert G.; Marino, John P.] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Turner, Kevin B.; Fabris, Daniele] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Brinson, Robert G.; Yi-Brunozzi, Hye Young; Le Grice, Stuart F. J.] NCI, HIV Drug Resistance Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Marino, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fabris@umbc.edu; marino@umbi.umd.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM059107, R01 GM059107-09, GM643208, GM59107] NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 28 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 29 BP 6988 EP 6997 DI 10.1021/bi900357j PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 473AN UT WOS:000268175600028 PM 19449839 ER PT J AU Cho, JY Thomas, EL Nambu, Y Capan, C Karki, AB Young, DP Kuga, K Nakatsuji, S Chan, JY AF Cho, Jung Young Thomas, Evan L. Nambu, Yusuke Capan, Cigdem Karki, Amar B. Young, David P. Kuga, Kentarou Nakatsuji, Satoru Chan, Julia Y. TI Crystal Growth, Structure, and Physical Properties of Ln(Cu,Ga)(13-x) (Ln = La-Nd, Eu; x approximate to 0.2) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION COMPOUNDS; SUPERCONDUCTOR UBE13; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; ELECTRON BEHAVIOR; MAGNETORESISTANCE; INTERMETALLICS; PRFE4P12; PRINAG2; RESISTIVITY; GA AB Single crystals of Ln(Cu,Ga)(13-x) (Ln = La-Nd, Eu; x=0.2) were grown using Ga flux and their Structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ln(Cu,Ga)(13-x) (Ln = La-Nd, Eu; x approximate to 0.2), adopting NaZn13 structure type, crystallizes in the cubic Fm (3) over barc (No. 226) space group, with Z = 8 and lattice parameters a approximate to 11.8 angstrom. Magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements do not show any indication of long-range magnetic ordering down to 2 K for magnetic analogues. Metallic behavior is observed in the range of 2-300 K for each compound. A large positive magnetoresistance up to 154% at a field (mu H-0) of 9 T is also observed for Pr(Cu,Ga)(12.85(1)). Most interestingly, the Pr analogue shows T-2 temperature-dependent resistivity and satisfies Kadowaki- Woods relation, which is indicative of heavy-fermion behavior. Here, we present the crystal structures and physical properties of Ln(Cu,Ga)(13-x) (Ln = La-Nd, Eu; x approximate to 0.2). C1 [Cho, Jung Young; Chan, Julia Y.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Capan, Cigdem; Karki, Amar B.; Young, David P.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Thomas, Evan L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nambu, Yusuke; Kuga, Kentarou; Nakatsuji, Satoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. RP Chan, JY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jchan@lsu.edu RI Nambu, Yusuke/C-3863-2012; Chan, Julia/C-5392-2008 OI Nambu, Yusuke/0000-0003-1167-7124; Chan, Julia/0000-0003-4434-2160 FU Japanese Society for the promotion of Science [21684019] FX This work is partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 21684019) from the Japanese Society for the promotion of Science. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 28 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 14 BP 3072 EP 3078 DI 10.1021/cm803297q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 473AD UT WOS:000268174400011 ER PT J AU Caracanhas, MA Seman, JA Ramos, ERF Henn, EAL Magalhaes, KMF Helmerson, K Bagnato, VS AF Caracanhas, M. A. Seman, J. A. Ramos, E. R. F. Henn, E. A. L. Magalhaes, K. M. F. Helmerson, K. Bagnato, V. S. TI Finite temperature correction to the Thomas-Fermi approximation for a Bose-Einstein condensate: comparison between theory and experiment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROSS-PITAEVSKII EQUATION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; GASES; EXCITATIONS AB We observe experimentally a deviation of the radius of a Bose-Einstein condensate from the standard Thomas-Fermi prediction, after free expansion, as a function of temperature. A modified Hartree-Fock model is used to explain the observations, mainly based on the influence of the thermal cloud on the condensate cloud. C1 [Caracanhas, M. A.; Seman, J. A.; Ramos, E. R. F.; Henn, E. A. L.; Magalhaes, K. M. F.; Bagnato, V. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Helmerson, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Caracanhas, MA (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 369, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM caracanhas@ursa.ifsc.usp.br RI Bagnato, Vanderlei/C-3133-2012; Henn, Emanuel/A-4651-2008; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; Henn, Emanuel/H-9447-2013; Optica e fotonica, Inct/I-2419-2013; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 FU Fapesp; CNPq; Capes FX This work has received support from the Brazilian agencies Fapesp, CNPq and Capes. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 14 AR 145304 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/42/14/145304 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 470AI UT WOS:000267943500016 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Prabhu, VM Soles, CL Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Kang, Shuhui Prabhu, Vivek M. Soles, Christopher L. Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li TI Methodology for Quantitative Measurements of Multilayer Polymer Thin Films with IR Spectroscopic Ellipsometry SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC FILMS; LAYERS; MONOLAYERS; PRECISION; SILICON; ANGLE AB A new methodology to quantify the sensitivity and resolution of infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (IRSE) measurements was developed for probing the depth profile of composition in thin polymer films. A multilayer system comprised of sub-100 nm films of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) on top of poly (methyladamantyl methacrylate) was used as a model test structure for our IRSE measurements of bilayer film thickness and composition profile. The IRSE results are further validated by comparing to high-resolution neutron reflectivity results also from these samples. We demonstrated that the substrate type, incident angle, and specific spectral band regions strongly influence the sensitivity of IRSE; a judicious choice of measurement variables and infrared spectral regions can substantially improve the measurement in terms of sensitivity. Most strikingly, an incidence at the Brewster angle of the substrate does not lend to the maximum sensitivity. Discussions of the origin of these findings and metrics are provided. C1 [Kang, Shuhui; Prabhu, Vivek M.; Soles, Christopher L.; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wenli@nist.gov NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 28 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5296 EP 5302 DI 10.1021/ma900707p PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 473AP UT WOS:000268175800052 ER PT J AU Waycott, M Duarte, CM Carruthers, TJB Orth, RJ Dennison, WC Olyarnik, S Calladine, A Fourqurean, JW Heck, KL Hughes, AR Kendrick, GA Kenworthy, WJ Short, FT Williams, SL AF Waycott, Michelle Duarte, Carlos M. Carruthers, Tim J. B. Orth, Robert J. Dennison, William C. Olyarnik, Suzanne Calladine, Ainsley Fourqurean, James W. Heck, Kenneth L., Jr. Hughes, A. Randall Kendrick, Gary A. Kenworthy, W. Judson Short, Frederick T. Williams, Susan L. TI Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ecosystem decline; global trajectories; habitat loss; marine habitat ID AQUATIC VEGETATION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; WATER-QUALITY; MARINE; OCEAN; BAY; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY; QUEENSLAND; DIVERSITY AB Coastal ecosystems and the services they provide are adversely affected by a wide variety of human activities. In particular, seagrass meadows are negatively affected by impacts accruing from the billion or more people who live within 50 km of them. Seagrass meadows provide important ecosystem services, including an estimated $1.9 trillion per year in the form of nutrient cycling; an order of magnitude enhancement of coral reef fish productivity; a habitat for thousands of fish, bird, and invertebrate species; and a major food source for endangered dugong, manatee, and green turtle. Although individual impacts from coastal development, degraded water quality, and climate change have been documented, there has been no quantitative global assessment of seagrass loss until now. Our comprehensive global assessment of 215 studies found that seagrasses have been disappearing at a rate of 110 km(2) yr(-1) since 1980 and that 29% of the known areal extent has disappeared since seagrass areas were initially recorded in 1879. Furthermore, rates of decline have accelerated from a median of 0.9% yr(-1) before 1940 to 7% yr(-1) since 1990. Seagrass loss rates are comparable to those reported for mangroves, coral reefs, and tropical rainforests and place seagrass meadows among the most threatened ecosystems on earth. C1 [Waycott, Michelle; Calladine, Ainsley] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Duarte, Carlos M.] Univ Illes Balears, Consejo Super Invest Cient Spain, Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats, Esporles 017190, Spain. [Carruthers, Tim J. B.; Dennison, William C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Orth, Robert J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Olyarnik, Suzanne; Hughes, A. Randall; Williams, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Fourqurean, James W.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Heck, Kenneth L., Jr.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Heck, Kenneth L., Jr.] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. [Kendrick, Gary A.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Short, Frederick T.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Waycott, M (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM michelle.waycott@jcu.edu.au RI Kendrick, Gary/B-3460-2011; Fourqurean, James/B-4606-2008; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Dennison, William/D-7739-2012 OI Kendrick, Gary/0000-0002-0276-6064; Fourqurean, James/0000-0002-0811-8500; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; FU National Science Foundation [DEB-00-72909]; University of California at Santa Barbara; State of California FX Ashley Simmons, Karen McGlathery, Richard Pearson, and Simon Robson provided comments on the manuscript. This work was conducted as a part of the Global Seagrass Trajectories Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by National Science Foundation (Grant DEB-00-72909), the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the State of California. NR 48 TC 871 Z9 905 U1 117 U2 710 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 28 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 30 BP 12377 EP 12381 DI 10.1073/pnas.0905620106 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 476KV UT WOS:000268440200033 PM 19587236 ER PT J AU Ladd, C Stabeno, PJ AF Ladd, Carol Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Freshwater transport from the Pacific to the Bering Sea through Amukta Pass SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SLOPE CURRENT SYSTEM; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; ALASKA; CIRCULATION; EASTERN AB Flow through the Aleutian Passes connects the North Pacific to the Bering Sea and ultimately the Arctic. Moorings spanning the width of Amukta Pass, deployed 2001-2008, allow quantitative assessment of volume and freshwater transports. Volume transport through Amukta Pass averages 4.7 Sv, with maximum transport in January, minimum in September, and a secondary maximum in July. Average freshwater transport through Amukta Pass is similar to 5800 km(3) yr(-1) with a seasonal cycle similar to that of volume transport. Combining this estimate with first-order estimates of freshwater transports in the other eastern passes in the Aleutian chain suggests that total freshwater transport is more than five times the cross-shelf flux of freshwater needed to supply transport through Bering Strait into the Arctic. Ongoing measurements in the Aleutian Passes are critical to understanding the influence of these waters on the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Citation: Ladd, C., and P. J. Stabeno (2009), Freshwater transport from the Pacific to the Bering Sea through Amukta Pass, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14608, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039095. C1 [Ladd, Carol; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ladd, C (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carol.ladd@noaa.gov RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU Alaska Ocean Observing System; NOAA [EcoFOCI-N704]; PMEL [3275] FX Many ships have collected data in the Aleutian Passes over the years, but particularly the NOAA Ship Miller Freeman. We thank the officers and crew of these ships. Thanks also to D. Kachel and P. Proctor for data processing. Two anonymous reviews resulted in an improved manuscript. Funding for the moorings was provided by Alaska Ocean Observing System and NOAA. Contribution EcoFOCI-N704 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations and 3275 to PMEL. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L14608 DI 10.1029/2009GL039095 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 475HU UT WOS:000268350000002 ER PT J AU Cole, KD Pease, LF Tsai, DH Singh, T Lute, S Brorson, KA Wang, LL AF Cole, Kenneth D. Pease, Leonard F., III Tsai, De-Hao Singh, Tania Lute, Scott Brorson, Kurt A. Wang, Lili TI Particle concentration measurement of virus samples using electrospray differential mobility analysis and quantitative amino acid analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Electrospray; Differential mobility analysis; Amino acid analysis; Virus concentration ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; MEMBRANE-FILTER; BACTERIOPHAGE-MS2; PCR; PROTEIN; ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROSCOPY; FILTRATION; SCATTERING; COMPLEXES AB Virus reference materials are needed to develop and calibrate detection devices and instruments. We used electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) and quantitative amino acid analysis (AAA) to determine the particle concentration of three small model viruses (bacteriophages MS2, PP7, and phi X174). The biological activity, purity, and aggregation of the virus samples were measured using plaque assays, denaturing gel electrophoresis, and size-exclusion chromatography. ES-DMA was developed to count the virus particles using gold nanoparticles as internal standards. ES-DMA additionally provides quantitative measurement of the size and extent of aggregation in the virus samples. Quantitative AAA was also used to determine the mass of the viral proteins in the pure virus samples. The samples were hydrolyzed and the masses of the well-recovered amino acids were used to calculate the equivalent concentration of vital particles in the samples. The concentration of the virus samples determined by ES-DMA was in good agreement with the concentration predicted by AAA for these purified samples. The advantages and limitations of ES-DMA and AAA to characterize virus reference materials are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cole, Kenneth D.; Tsai, De-Hao; Singh, Tania; Wang, Lili] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lute, Scott; Brorson, Kurt A.] FDA, CDER, Div Monoclonal Antibodies, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Cole, KD (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Mailstop 8312,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Kenneth.Cole@nist.gov RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011; Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012 OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX We wish to thank Dr. Bert Coursey (U.S. Department of Homeland Security) for support of this project. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 24 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 30 BP 5715 EP 5722 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.083 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 471RA UT WOS:000268074800013 PM 19545873 ER PT J AU Uys, H Biercuk, MJ Bollinger, JJ AF Uys, Hermann Biercuk, Michael J. Bollinger, John J. TI Optimized Noise Filtration through Dynamical Decoupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; DECOHERENCE AB Recent studies have shown that applying a sequence of Hahn spin-echo pulses to a qubit system at judiciously chosen intervals can, in certain noise environments, greatly improve the suppression of phase errors compared to traditional dynamical decoupling approaches. By enforcing a simple analytical condition, we obtain sets of dynamical decoupling sequences that are designed for optimized noise filtration, but are independent of the noise spectrum up to a single scaling factor set by the coherence time of the system. These sequences are tested in a model qubit system, (9)Be(+) ions in a Penning trap. Our combined theoretical and experimental studies show that in high-frequency-dominated noise environments with sharp high-frequency cutoffs this approach may suppress phase errors orders of magnitude more efficiently than comparable techniques can. C1 [Uys, Hermann; Biercuk, Michael J.; Bollinger, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Uys, Hermann] CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. [Biercuk, Michael J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Uys, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010 NR 16 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 4 AR 040501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.040501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 474TQ UT WOS:000268307400005 PM 19659335 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JM Howard, DW Rhodes, MR Newman, MW May, EB Harrell, RM AF Jacobs, John M. Howard, Dorothy W. Rhodes, Matt R. Newman, Martin W. May, Eric B. Harrell, Reginal M. TI Historical presence (1975-1985) of mycobacteriosis in Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacteriosis; Striped bass; PCR; Paraffin-embedded tissues ID SP-NOV.; FISH; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; MARINUM; PCR AB A retrospective analysis of archived tissue blocks has revealed that mycobacteriosis was apparent in Chesapeake Bay striped bass as early as 1984. Of 37 cases available from the years 1975 to 1985, 2 fish were found positive based on histopathology and genus-specific PCR. Multi-gene sequencing places the bacteria from the 2 positive cases (1984 and 1985) within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis clade with closest resemblance to the recently described fish pathogen M pseudoshottsii. Our data confirms that mycobacteriosis is not a new disease of Chesapeake Bay striped bass and underscores the value of archived tissues in epidemiological examinations. C1 [Jacobs, John M.; Howard, Dorothy W.; Rhodes, Matt R.; Newman, Martin W.] NOAA, NOS, CCEHBR, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [May, Eric B.] Univ Maryland, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Harrell, Reginal M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jacobs, JM (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, CCEHBR, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM john.jacobs@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NOS Cooperative Oxford Laboratory FX We are grateful for the efforts of S. Fasiludeen (UMD-COMB), who conducted sequencing for this project. A special thanks to A. Baya (UMD-VAMDCRM) and C. Ottinger (USGS NFHL) for providing isolates used in the study, to M. Matsche (MDNR) for photomicrography assistance (Fig. 1), and to C. Stine (UMD), A. Leight (NOAA), and S. McLaughlin (NOS) for critical review. This work was supported by the NOAA/NOS Cooperative Oxford Laboratory. The research in this article does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agencies involved, nor do trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 23 PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.3354/dao02081 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 484EM UT WOS:000269026400003 PM 19750805 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Bates, TS Quinn, PK Lack, DA AF Cappa, Christopher D. Bates, Timothy S. Quinn, Patricia K. Lack, Daniel A. TI Source characterization from ambient measurements of aerosol optical properties SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EAST-COAST AB A general method to identify air masses impacted by distinct primary aerosol sources from in situ observations of optical properties of atmospheric aerosols is developed theoretically and tested against measurements made during the second New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS 2004) on board the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown. Distinct events are identified based on the observation of a temporal coherence in the relationship between a measured intensive optical property (i.e., single scatter albedo) and the extensive property of total light absorption of the sub-micron aerosol. We show that this relationship can be used to differentiate between and quantitatively determine properties of the background aerosol and recent inputs of primary aerosol. Additionally, we show that the fraction of aerosol extinction (or aerosol mass) from primary emissions can be estimated from the albedo-absorption relationship. During the NEAQS 2004 study, the primary aerosol was usually found to be highly absorbing, and thus likely to be derived from anthropogenic combustion sources. Overall primary aerosol contributed a relatively small amount (ca. 11%) to the total sub-micron aerosol burden sampled onboard R/V Ron Brown. Citation: Cappa, C. D., T. S. Bates, P. K. Quinn, and D. A. Lack (2009), Source characterization from ambient measurements of aerosol optical properties, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14813, doi:10.1029/2009GL038979. C1 [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bates, Timothy S.; Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L14813 DI 10.1029/2009GL038979 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 475HS UT WOS:000268349800002 ER PT J AU Magi, BI Ginoux, P Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Magi, Brian I. Ginoux, Paul Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI Evaluation of tropical and extratropical Southern Hemisphere African aerosol properties simulated by a climate model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; INITIATIVE SAFARI 2000; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; STABLE DISCONTINUITIES; CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB We compare aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA) simulated by updated configurations of a version of the atmospheric model (AM2) component of the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model over Southern Hemisphere Africa with AOD and SSA derived from research aircraft measurements and NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations and with regional AOD from the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite. The results of the comparisons suggest that AM2 AOD is biased low by 30-40% in the tropics and 0-20% in the extratropics, while AM2 SSA is biased high by 4-8%. The AM2 SSA bias is higher during the biomass burning season, and the monthly variations in AM2 SSA are poorly correlated with AERONET. On the basis of a comparison of aerosol mass in the models with measurements from southern Africa, and a detailed analysis of aerosol treatment in AM2, we suggest that the low bias in AOD and high bias in SSA are related to an underestimate of carbonaceous aerosol emissions in the biomass burning inventories used by AM2. Increases in organic matter and black carbon emissions by factors of 1.6 and 3.8 over southern Africa improve the biases in AOD and especially SSA. We estimate that the AM2 biases in AOD and SSA imply that the magnitude of annual top of the atmosphere radiative forcing in clear-sky conditions over southern Africa is overestimated (too negative) by similar to 8% while surface radiative forcing is underestimated (not negative enough) by similar to 20%. C1 [Magi, Brian I.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Magi, Brian I.; Ginoux, Paul; Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Magi, BI (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM brian.magi@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Magi, Brian/K-2000-2015 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Magi, Brian/0000-0001-8131-0083 NR 72 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 23 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D14204 DI 10.1029/2008JD011128 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 475IK UT WOS:000268351600001 ER PT J AU Griffiths, PG Magirl, CS Webb, RH Pytlak, E Troch, PA Lyon, SW AF Griffiths, Peter G. Magirl, Christopher S. Webb, Robert H. Pytlak, Erik Troch, Peter A. Lyon, Steve W. TI Spatial distribution and frequency of precipitation during an extreme event: July 2006 mesoscale convective complexes and floods in southeastern Arizona SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EASTERN ITALIAN ALPS; FLASH-FLOOD; BIG THOMPSON; RAINFALL; RADAR; STORM; THUNDERSTORM; REGION AB An extreme, multiday rainfall event over southeastern Arizona during 27-31 July 2006 caused record flooding and a historically unprecedented number of slope failures and debris flows in the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson. An unusual synoptic weather pattern induced repeated nocturnal mesoscale convective systems over southeastern Arizona for five continuous days, generating multiday rainfall totals up to 360 mm. Analysis of point rainfall and weather radar data yielded storm totals for the southern Santa Catalina Mountains at 754 grid cells approximately 1 km x 1 km in size. Precipitation intensity for the 31 July storms was not unusual for typical monsoonal precipitation in this region (recurrence interval (RI) < 1 year), but multiday rainfall where slope failures occurred had RI > 50 years and individual grid cells had RI exceeding 1000 years. The 31 July storms caused the watersheds to be essentially saturated following 4 days of rainfall. C1 [Griffiths, Peter G.; Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Lyon, Steve W.] Stockholm Univ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Magirl, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Pytlak, Erik] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Troch, Peter A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Griffiths, PG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM pggriffi@usgs.gov RI Lyon, Steve/B-6802-2009; OI Lyon, Steve/0000-0002-1137-648X; Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549 FU Pima County Regional Flood Control District; National Weather Service; U. S. Geological Survey FX We thank NWS meteorologists Craig Shoemaker and Glenn Lader, whose poststorm documentation greatly aided the synoptic discussion. We also thank Jeffrey Kennedy of the U. S. Geological Survey, Evan Canfield of the Pima County Regional Flood Control District, and David Goodrich of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service for reviewing the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Pima County Regional Flood Control District, the National Weather Service, and the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 23 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W07419 DI 10.1029/2008WR007380 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 475KS UT WOS:000268358000003 ER PT J AU Steinfeldt, R Rhein, M Bullister, JL Tanhua, T AF Steinfeldt, Reiner Rhein, Monika Bullister, John L. Tanhua, Toste TI Inventory changes in anthropogenic carbon from 1997-2003 in the Atlantic Ocean between 20 degrees S and 65 degrees N SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; LABRADOR SEA; WESTERN BOUNDARY; DEEP-WATER; CO2; TRANSPORT; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; SINK AB The oceans absorb and store a significant portion of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, but large uncertainties remain in the quantification of this sink. An improved assessment of the present and future oceanic carbon sink is therefore necessary to provide recommendations for long-term global carbon cycle and climate policies. The formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is a unique fast track for transporting anthropogenic CO2 into the ocean's interior, making the deep waters rich in anthropogenic carbon. Thus the Atlantic is presently estimated to hold 38% of the oceanic anthropogenic CO2 inventory, although its volume makes up only 25% of the world ocean. Here we analyze the inventory change of anthropogenic CO2 in the Atlantic between 1997 and 2003 and its relationship to NADW formation. For the whole region between 20 degrees S and 65 degrees N the inventory amounts to 32.5 +/- 9.5 Petagram carbon (Pg C) in 1997 and increases up to 36.0 +/- 10.5 Pg C in 2003. This result is quite similar to earlier studies. Moreover, the overall increase of anthropogenic carbon is in close agreement with the expected change due to rising atmospheric CO2 levels of 1.69% a(-1). On the other hand, when considering the subpolar region only, the results demonstrate that the recent weakening in the formation of Labrador Sea Water, a component of NADW, has already led to a decrease of the anthropogenic carbon inventory in this water mass. As a consequence, the overall inventory for the total water column in the western subpolar North Atlantic increased only by 2% between 1997 and 2003, much less than the 11% that would be expected from the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels. C1 [Steinfeldt, Reiner; Rhein, Monika] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Tanhua, Toste] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP Steinfeldt, R (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, Otto Hahn Allee, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM rsteinf@physik.uni-bremen.de; mrhein@physik.uni-bremen.de; john.l.bullister@noaa.gov; ttanhua@ifm-geomar.de RI Rhein, Monika/P-1969-2016 OI Rhein, Monika/0000-0003-1496-2828 FU EU [511176] FX We thank the captain, crews, and scientists of the various cruises, especially the PIs who made their data public. We acknowledge the provision of recent CFC data by R. Fine and W. Smethie for the analysis. This study was funded by the EU in the framework of CARBOOCEAN, project 511176 (GOCE). NR 41 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL 22 PY 2009 VL 23 AR GB3010 DI 10.1029/2008GB003311 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 475IA UT WOS:000268350600001 ER PT J AU Peterson, JO Peterson, WT AF Peterson, Jay O. Peterson, William T. TI Influence of the Columbia River plume on cross-shelf transport of zooplankton SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OREGON UPWELLING ZONE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANKTON; SUMMER; ACCUMULATION; FRONTS; COAST; ICHTHYOPLANKTON AB A high-resolution sampling strategy along a cross-shelf transect near the mouth of the Columbia River was used to determine the distribution, abundance, and spatial relationship between plankton and a tidally modulated river plume. During a strong ebb tide, zooplankton-sized particles were concentrated on the seaward side of the plume front and transported 15 km across the shelf at a rate of 38 cm s(-1), roughly fivefold faster than typical wind-driven transport in the region. Physical processes associated with the developing plume vertically depressed relatively dense layers of phytoplankton and zooplankton an average of 7 m deeper into the water column beneath the plume and up to 10 km beyond the extent of the plume front. The enhanced cross-shelf transport by the Columbia River plume is unique for this region of the Northern California Current. Its impact on the vertical and horizontal distribution of zooplankton shifts prey availability for higher trophic levels, such as larval fish, that primarily feed in the upper water column. C1 [Peterson, Jay O.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Peterson, JO (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, CIMRS, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM jay.peterson@oregonstate.edu FU NSF CoOP program; River Influences in Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) [42] FX The authors thank the crew of the R/V Point Sur and especially the marine technicians (S. Lamerdin and B. Jokinen) responsible for the care and operation of the Triaxus. Special thanks to D. Jay for organizing and leading the cruises and to J. Brodersen, J. Pan, K. Leffler, A. Homer-Divine, and E. Spahn for help with data collection. This project was funded by the NSF CoOP program as part of the River Influences in Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) project awarded to B. Hickey and many others, including W. T. Peterson. This is RISE contribution 42. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 22 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C00B10 DI 10.1029/2008JC004965 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 475JD UT WOS:000268353500001 ER PT J AU Wadington, MC Ladner, JE Stourman, NV Harp, JM Armstrong, RN AF Wadington, Megan C. Ladner, Jane E. Stourman, Nina V. Harp, Joel M. Armstrong, Richard N. TI Analysis of the Structure and Function of YfcG from Escherichia coli Reveals an Efficient and Unique Disulfide Bond Reductase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE; GLUTAREDOXINS; TRANSFERASES; EVOLUTION AB YfcG is one of eight glutathione (GSH) transferase homologues encoded in the Echerichia coli genome. The protein exhibits low or no GSH transferase activity toward a panel of electrophilic substrates. In contrast, it has a very robust disulfide-bond reductase activity toward 2-hydroxyethyldisulfide on par with mammalian and bacterial glutaredoxins. The structure of YfcG at 2.3 angstrom-resolution from crystals grown in the presence of GSH reveals a molecule of glutathione disulfide in the active site. The crystallographic results and the lack or functional cysteine residues in the active site of YfcG suggests that the reductase activity is unique in that no sulfhydryl groups in the YfcG protein are covalently involved in the redox chemistry. C1 [Wadington, Megan C.; Stourman, Nina V.; Harp, Joel M.; Armstrong, Richard N.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Wadington, Megan C.; Stourman, Nina V.; Harp, Joel M.; Armstrong, Richard N.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Ladner, Jane E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Ladner, Jane E.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Armstrong, RN (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM r.armstrong@vanderbilt.edu FU NIH [R01 GM030910, P30 ES000267, 32 GM008320] FX This work was supported by NIH Grants R01 GM030910, P30 ES000267, and T32 GM008320. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 21 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 28 BP 6559 EP 6561 DI 10.1021/bi9008825 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 472NC UT WOS:000268137800001 PM 19537707 ER PT J AU Hubers, HW Evenson, KM Hill, C Brown, JM AF Huebers, Heinz-Wilhelm Evenson, Kenneth M. Hill, Christian Brown, John M. TI The rotational spectrum of the NH+ radical in its X (2)Pi and a (4)Sigma(-) states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; DOUBLET STATES; PARAMETERS; SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTANTS; X2-PI; ION AB Transitions between the spin-rotational levels of the (NH+)-N-14 radical in the nu=0 levels of its X (2)Pi and a (4)Sigma(-) states have been studied by the technique of laser magnetic resonance at far-infrared wavelengths. The data have been combined with a previous zero-field measurement of the J=11/2 -1/2 transition frequencies at 1.01 THz to determine a much improved set of molecular parameters for NH+ in the X (2)Pi state; the major parameters for the a (4)Sigma(-) state have also been determined. A full determination of the hyperfine parameters for both N-14 and H-1 nuclei has been achieved for the first time. Accurate predictions of the transition frequencies between the low-lying levels of the radical in the absence of a magnetic field have also been made, including lambda-doubling frequencies for use by radio astronomers. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3160964] C1 [Hill, Christian; Brown, John M.] Univ Oxford, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. [Huebers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Evenson, Kenneth M.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Dept Chem, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. EM john.m.brown@chem.ox.ac.uk NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 AR 034311 DI 10.1063/1.3160964 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 473LE UT WOS:000268206800033 PM 19624201 ER PT J AU Rae, IJ Mann, IR Angelopoulos, V Murphy, KR Milling, DK Kale, A Frey, HU Rostoker, G Russell, CT Watt, CEJ Engebretson, MJ Moldwin, MB Mende, SB Singer, HJ Donovan, EF AF Rae, I. Jonathan Mann, Ian R. Angelopoulos, Vassilis Murphy, Kyle R. Milling, David K. Kale, Andy Frey, Harald U. Rostoker, Gordon Russell, Christopher T. Watt, Clare E. J. Engebretson, Mark J. Moldwin, Mark B. Mende, Stephen B. Singer, Howard J. Donovan, Eric F. TI Near-Earth initiation of a terrestrial substorm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLEWARD BOUNDARY INTENSIFICATIONS; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; AURORAL SUBSTORMS; CURRENT WEDGE; GROWTH-PHASE; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS; FLOW; MAGNETOMETERS; RECONNECTION AB Despite the characterization of the auroral substorm more than 40 years ago, controversy still surrounds the processes triggering substorm onset initiation. That stretching of the Earth's magnetotail following the addition of new nightside magnetic flux from dayside reconnection powers the substorm is well understood; the trigger for explosive energy release at substorm expansion phase onset is not. Using ground-based data sets with unprecedented combined spatial and temporal coverage, we report the discovery of new localized and contemporaneous magnetic wave and small azimuthal scale auroral signature of substorm onset. These local auroral arc undulations and magnetic field signatures rapidly evolve on second time scales for several minutes in advance of the release of the auroral surge. We also present evidence from a conjugate geosynchronous satellite of the concurrent magnetic onset in space as the onset of magnetic pulsations in the ionosphere, to within technique error. Throughout this time period, the more poleward arcs that correspond to the auroral oval which maps to the central plasma sheet remain undisturbed. There is good evidence that flows from the midtail crossing the plasma sheet can generate north-south auroral structures, yet no such auroral forms are seen in this event. Our observations present a severe challenge to the standard hypothesis that magnetic reconnection in stretched magnetotail fields triggers onset, indicating substorm expansion phase initiation occurs on field lines that are close to the Earth, as bounded by observations at geosynchronous orbit and in the conjugate ionosphere. C1 [Rae, I. Jonathan; Mann, Ian R.; Murphy, Kyle R.; Milling, David K.; Kale, Andy; Rostoker, Gordon; Watt, Clare E. J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Frey, Harald U.; Mende, Stephen B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Engebretson, Mark J.] Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Moldwin, Mark B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Donovan, Eric F.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Rae, IJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. EM jrae@phys.ualberta.ca RI Watt, Clare/C-5218-2008; Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011; Rae, Jonathan/D-8132-2013; OI Watt, Clare/0000-0003-3193-8993; Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 FU CSA; NSERC; NASA [NAS5-02099] FX CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the CSA. I. R. M. was supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant. THEMIS was funded by NASA contract NAS5-02099. The authors thank NRCan for the provision of data from the Canadian Magnetic Observatory System ( CANMOS) Network. Deployment of THEMIS GBOs in Canada was supported by a CSA contract to the University of Calgary. The NORSTAR MSPs are operated by the University of Calgary with funding from the CSA Canadian GeoSpace Monitoring program. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A07220 DI 10.1029/2008JA013771 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475JU UT WOS:000268355400002 ER PT J AU Cha, JJ Read, JC Egelhoff, WF Huang, PY Tseng, HW Li, Y Buhrman, RA Muller, DA AF Cha, J. J. Read, J. C. Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. Huang, P. Y. Tseng, H. W. Li, Y. Buhrman, R. A. Muller, D. A. TI Atomic-scale spectroscopic imaging of CoFeB/Mg-B-O/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE annealing; boron; boron alloys; cobalt alloys; diffusion; electrochemical electrodes; interface magnetism; iron alloys; magnesium compounds; magnetic thin films; magnetic tunnelling; oxidation; sputter deposition; tunnelling magnetoresistance ID GROWTH AB Atomic-scale electron spectroscopic imaging on sputtered magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a thin, < 2 nm, MgO layer and B-alloyed electrodes reveals B diffusion into the MgO, resulting in a Mg-B-O tunnel barrier. This similar to 2 nm thick interfacial layer forms due to oxidation of CoFeB during radio frequency sputtering of MgO and subsequent B diffusion into MgO during annealing. We measure a room-temperature tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of similar to 200% in IrMn/CoFeB/Mg-B-O/CoFeB MTJs after annealing, demonstrating that thin Mg-B-O barriers can produce relatively high TMR. C1 [Cha, J. J.; Huang, P. Y.; Tseng, H. W.; Li, Y.; Buhrman, R. A.; Muller, D. A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Read, J. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Read, J. C.; Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cha, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jc476@cornell.edu RI Cha, Judy /H-5483-2011; Muller, David/A-7745-2010 OI Muller, David/0000-0003-4129-0473 FU NSF MRSEC; NSF's NSEC program through the Cornell Center for Nanoscale Systems FX This research was supported by the NSF MRSEC program through the Cornell Center for Materials Research. Additional support was provided by the NSF's NSEC program through the Cornell Center for Nanoscale Systems. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 3 AR 032506 DI 10.1063/1.3184766 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 475ZA UT WOS:000268405300044 ER PT J AU Capozziello, S Funkhouser, S AF Capozziello, Salvatore Funkhouser, Scott TI FRACTAL LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE FROM A STOCHASTIC SCALING LAW MODEL SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Stochastic mechanics; large scale structure; galaxy correlation function ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; GALAXY DISTRIBUTION; REDSHIFT SURVEY; UNIVERSE; GRAVITY AB A stochastic model relating the parameters of astrophysical structures to the parameters of their granular components is applied to the formation of hierarchical, large-scale structures from galaxies assumed as point-like objects. If the density profile of galaxies on a given scale is described by a power law, then the stochastic model leads naturally to a mass function that is proportional to the square of the distance from an occupied point, which corresponds to a two-point correlation function that is inversely proportional to the distance. This result is consistent with observations indicating that galaxies are, on the largest scales, characterized by a fractal distribution with a dimension of order 2 and well-fit with transition to homogeneity at cosmological scales. C1 [Capozziello, Salvatore] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Capozziello, Salvatore] Compl Univ Monte S Angelo, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Funkhouser, Scott] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Capozziello, S (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fis, Ed N,Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. OI Capozziello, Salvatore/0000-0003-4886-2024 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 20 PY 2009 VL 24 IS 22 BP 1743 EP 1748 DI 10.1142/S0217732309031065 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 478MN UT WOS:000268592500003 ER PT J AU Koren, I Feingold, G Jiang, HL Altaratz, O AF Koren, Ilan Feingold, Graham Jiang, Hongli Altaratz, Orit TI Aerosol effects on the inter-cloud region of a small cumulus cloud field SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRADE-WIND CUMULI; SIMULATIONS; INHIBITION; POLLUTION; ALBEDO; AMAZON; SMOKE; AIR AB In a recent paper, we used observations to show that the inter-cloud "cloud-free regime'' (or "twilight zone'') is not free of clouds and comprises small fragments of clouds, hydrated aerosol, as well as incipient, hesitant, and decaying clouds. In this paper we characterize the properties of, and investigate the aerosol affect on, the twilight zone using high resolution large eddy simulations of clean and polluted shallow cumulus. We analyze the occurrence of these clouds with weak signature and show that cloud fields forming in polluted environments are characterized by a more rapid decrease in liquid water path with increasing distance from cloud than their cleaner counterparts, and that the inter-cloud zone contains significantly fewer low liquid water path pockets. This reduction in liquid water content in the area considered cloud-free in the polluted cases is countered by more aerosol uptake of water vapor. Citation: Koren, I., G. Feingold, H. Jiang, and O. Altaratz (2009), Aerosol effects on the inter-cloud region of a small cumulus cloud field, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14805, doi:10.1029/2009GL037424. C1 [Koren, Ilan; Altaratz, Orit] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Jiang, Hongli] NOAA, CIRA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; FU Israel Science Foundation [1355/06]; Minerva Foundation [780048]; NOAA's Climate goal FX This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant 1355/06) and the Minerva Foundation (grant 780048). GF and HJ were supported by NOAA's Climate goal. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L14805 DI 10.1029/2009GL037424 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 471XL UT WOS:000268091600001 ER PT J AU Eguchi, T Gerrodette, T AF Eguchi, Tomoharu Gerrodette, Tim TI A Bayesian approach to line-transect analysis for estimating abundance SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Line-transect; Abundance estimation; Density estimation; Half-normal detection function; Bayesian methods; Prior distribution ID CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; INFERENCE; MODELS AB Line-transect analysis is a widely used method of estimating plant and animal density and abundance. A Bayesian approach to a basic line-transect analysis is developed for a half-normal detection function. We extend the model of Karunamuni and Quinn [Karunamuni, RJ., Quinn II, T.J., 1995. Bayesian estimation of animal abundance for line-transect sampling. Biometrics 51,1325-1337] by including a binomial likelihood function for the number of objects detected. The method computes a joint posterior distribution on the effective strip width and the density of objects in the sampled area. Analytical and computational methods for binned and unbinned perpendicular distance data are provided. Existing information about effective strip width and density can be brought into the analysis via prior distributions. The Bayesian approach is compared to a standard line-transect analysis using both real and simulated data. Results of the Bayesian and non-Bayesian analyses are similar when there are no prior data on effective strip width or density, but the Bayesian approach performs better when such data are available from previous or related studies. Practical methods for including prior data on effective strip width and density are suggested. A numerical example shows how the Bayesian approach can provide valid estimates when the sample size is too small for the standard approach to work reliably. The proposed Bayesian approach can form the basis for developing more advanced analyses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eguchi, Tomoharu; Gerrodette, Tim] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Eguchi, T (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tomo.eguchi@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 17 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 13-14 BP 1620 EP 1630 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.011 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 465LE UT WOS:000267585300007 ER PT J AU Ji, S Lee, SH Broholm, C Koo, TY Ratcliff, W Cheong, SW Zschack, P AF Ji, S. Lee, S. -H. Broholm, C. Koo, T. Y. Ratcliff, W. Cheong, S. -W. Zschack, P. TI Spin-Lattice Order in Frustrated ZnCr2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; LIQUID; MAGNET; STATE AB Using synchrotron x-ray and neutron diffraction, we disentangle spin-lattice order in highly frustrated ZnCr2O4 where magnetic chromium ions occupy the vertices of regular tetrahedra. Upon cooling below 12.5 K the quandary of antialigning spins surrounding the triangular faces of tetrahedra is resolved by establishing weak interactions on each triangle through an intricate lattice distortion. However, the resulting spin order is not simply a Neacuteel state on strong bonds, but rather a complex coplanar spin structure, indicating that antisymmetric and/or further neighbor exchange interactions also play a role as ZnCr2O4 resolves conflicting magnetic interactions. C1 [Ji, S.; Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Ji, S.; Ratcliff, W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Koo, T. Y.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Zschack, P.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ji, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM shlee@virginia.edu RI Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011 OI Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103; Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892 FU U. S. DOE [DE-FG02-07ER45384]; U. S. NSF [DMR-0706553] FX We thank O. Tchernyshyov, H. Ueda, and M. Gingras for helpful discussions. Work at University of Virginia and JHU were supported by the U. S. DOE through DE-FG02-07ER45384 and by the U. S. NSF through DMR-0706553, respectively. S.-H. L thanks the WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research at Tohoku University for their hospitality during his stay when this Letter was partially written. NR 25 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 3 AR 037201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.037201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 471WF UT WOS:000268088300059 PM 19659312 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Kashiwagi, T Walters, RN Gilman, JW Lyon, RE Sogah, DY AF Shi, Yaru Kashiwagi, Takashi Walters, Richard N. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Lyon, Richard E. Sogah, Dotsevi Y. TI Ethylene vinyl acetate/layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by a surfactant-free method: Enhanced flame retardant and mechanical properties SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposites; EVA; Flame retardancy ID EVA-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; ACETATE COPOLYMER; CARBON NANOTUBES; INTUMESCENT FORMULATIONS; ALUMINUM TRIHYDRATE; FIRE PERFORMANCE; ORGANOCLAYS; MONTMORILLONITE AB Exfoliated EVA/layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared by a masterbatch process using polymer-modified layered silicate instead of small molecule surfactant-modified clays. The nanocomposites exhibited improved mechanical properties and flame retardancy. Microscale flammability test showed that the heat release capacity (HRC) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by 21-24% and 16%, respectively. Radiant gasification studies revealed that the exfoliated EVA nanocomposites exhibited better improvements in flame retardant properties of EVA than did the corresponding intercalated nanocomposites. The peak mass loss rate of the exfoliated EVA nanocomposite containing about 5 wt% clay was reduced by 80% and the mass loss rate plot was spread over a much longer period of time. The mechanical and flammability tests revealed that the observed improvements in all the desirable properties were due to the presence of both the incorporated polymeric surfactant and the nanoclay. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, Yaru; Sogah, Dotsevi Y.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kashiwagi, Takashi; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Prod Grp, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walters, Richard N.; Lyon, Richard E.] Atlantic City Int Airport, Airport & Aircraft Safety Res & Dev Div, William J Hughes Tech Ctr, Fed Aviat Adm, Pomona, NJ 08405 USA. RP Sogah, DY (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dys2@cornell.edu FU Cornell Center; Scott Peterson of Texas AM FX The authors are grateful to Exxon Mobil for providing the EVA samples. The authors are also grateful to the Cornell Center for Materials Research and Hercules for their facilities and financial support. The technical assistance of Scott Peterson of Texas A&M is gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL 17 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 15 BP 3478 EP 3487 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.013 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 474TJ UT WOS:000268306700009 ER PT J AU Di Lorenzo, E Fiechter, J Schneider, N Bracco, A Miller, AJ Franks, PJS Bograd, SJ Moore, AM Thomas, AC Crawford, W Pena, A Hermann, AJ AF Di Lorenzo, E. Fiechter, J. Schneider, N. Bracco, A. Miller, A. J. Franks, P. J. S. Bograd, S. J. Moore, A. M. Thomas, A. C. Crawford, W. Pena, A. Hermann, A. J. TI Nutrient and salinity decadal variations in the central and eastern North Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; LINE-P; MODELING-SYSTEM; NCEP-NCAR; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; OSCILLATION; IMPACTS AB Long-term timeseries of upper ocean salinity and nutrients collected in the Alaskan Gyre along Line P exhibit significant decadal variations that are shown to be in phase with variations recorded in the Southern California Current System by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (CalCOFI). We present evidence that these variations are linked to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO)-a climate mode of variability that tracks changes in strength of the central and eastern branches of the North Pacific gyres and of the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE). The NPGO emerges as the leading mode of low-frequency variability for salinity and nutrients. We reconstruct the spatial expressions of the salinity and nutrient modes over the northeast Pacific using a regional ocean model hindcast from 1963-2004. These modes exhibit a large-scale coherent pattern that predicts the in-phase relationship between the Alaskan Gyre and California Current timeseries. The fact that large-amplitude, low-frequency fluctuations in salinity and nutrients are spatially phase-locked and correlated with a measurable climate index (the NPGO) open new avenues for exploring and predicting the effects of long-term climate change on marine ecosystem dynamics. Citation: Di Lorenzo, E., et al. (2009), Nutrient and salinity decadal variations in the central and eastern North Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14601, doi:10.1029/2009GL038261. C1 [Di Lorenzo, E.; Bracco, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bograd, S. J.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Crawford, W.; Pena, A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Fiechter, J.; Moore, A. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Miller, A. J.; Franks, P. J. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hermann, A. J.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schneider, N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Thomas, A. C.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Di Lorenzo, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM edl@gatech.edu RI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU NSF [OCE-0550266, OCE-0452654, OCE-0452692]; CCSLTER; GLOBEC [OCE-0452692, GLOBEC-0606575, OCE-0815280, OCE05-50233, OCE-0815051, OCE-0535386, OCE-0647815]; NASA [NNG05GC98G]; Office of Science (BER); DOE [DE-FG02-07ER64469]; JAMSTEC FX We acknowledge the support of the NSF OCE-0550266, GLOBEC-0606575, OCE-0452654, OCE-0452692, CCSLTER, GLOBEC OCE-0815280, OCE05-50233, OCE-0815051, OCE-0535386, OCE-0647815, OCE-0452692, NASA NNG05GC98G, Office of Science (BER), DOE DE-FG02-07ER64469 and JAMSTEC. NR 27 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L14601 DI 10.1029/2009GL038261 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 471XH UT WOS:000268091200001 ER PT J AU Frame, ER Lessard, EJ AF Frame, Elizabeth R. Lessard, Evelyn J. TI Does the Columbia River plume influence phytoplankton community structure along the Washington and Oregon coasts? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; ESTUARY; LAGOON; CARBON AB As part of the River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) program, we examined the influence of the Columbia River plume on the composition and biomass of phytoplankton communities on the Washington and Oregon coasts. We determined the taxonomic composition, size structure, and biomass of phytoplankton assemblages in near-surface shelf waters during four 3-week cruises in spring and/or summer of 2004-2006. As the Columbia plume is very dynamic, the influence of the plume was examined in three ways. Two comparisons of the entire data set were made: (1) a geographical comparison of the Washington, Oregon, and Columbia River mouth regions based on latitude and (2) a "plume'' versus "nonplume'' comparison based on salinity. A third comparison focused on samples taken in and outside of three specific plumes under different upwelling/downwelling conditions. In whole data set comparisons, there were no significant differences in chlorophyll, carbon biomass, or diatom community structure between regions or between plume and nonplume samples. However, within some cruises there were regional and plume differences in chlorophyll and biomass. Diatom community composition differed between cruises, but within a cruise it was similar across regions and in plume/nonplume samples, indicating there was no unique plume community. On finer time and space scales, differences in community structure as well as biomass were evident between samples in and outside of specific plumes. Over broader scales, the Columbia plume acts to make coastal phytoplankton communities more homogeneous. Specific impacts will depend on the history of upwelling and nutrient status of the coastal waters which the plume encounters. C1 [Frame, Elizabeth R.; Lessard, Evelyn J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Frame, Elizabeth R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Frame, ER (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM elizabeth.frame@noaa.gov FU NSF [OCE-0239089, OCE-0234587] FX We gratefully acknowledge Megan Bernhardt and Michael Foy for microplankton counts and field assistance. We thank Ken Bruland for providing nutrient data. We also thank the Captain and crew of the R/V Wecoma for their assistance on this project. This work was supported by NSF grants OCE-0239089 and OCE-0234587 to E.J.L. This is RISE contribution 35. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 16 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C00B09 DI 10.1029/2008JC004999 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 471XY UT WOS:000268092900002 ER PT J AU Evans, NM Lindner, A Raikova, EV Collins, AG Cartwright, P AF Evans, Nathaniel M. Lindner, Alberto Raikova, Ekaterina V. Collins, Allen G. Cartwright, Paulyn TI Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic parasite, Polypodium hydriforme, within the Phylum Cnidaria (vol 8, pg 139, 2008) SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction AB Correction to Evans, N. M., Lindner, A., Raikova, E. V., Collins, A. G. and Cartwright, P. Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic parasite, Polypodium hydriforme, within the phylum Cnidaria. BMC Evol Biol, 2008, 8:139. C1 [Evans, Nathaniel M.; Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Lindner, Alberto] Univ Sao Paulo, CEBIMar, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil. [Raikova, Ekaterina V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cartwright, P (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM evansnat@ku.edu; alindner@usp.br; raikova@swipnet.se; COLLINSA@si.edu; pcart@ku.edu RI Lindner, Alberto/E-1946-2013; OI Evans, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4524-372X NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 165 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-9-165 PG 2 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 479QD UT WOS:000268675100001 PM 19604374 ER PT J AU Huffman, JA Docherty, KS Mohr, C Cubison, MJ Ulbrich, IM Ziemann, PJ Onasch, TB Jimenez, JL AF Huffman, J. A. Docherty, K. S. Mohr, C. Cubison, M. J. Ulbrich, I. M. Ziemann, P. J. Onasch, T. B. Jimenez, J. L. TI Chemically-Resolved Volatility Measurements of Organic Aerosol from Different Sources SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; MEAT COOKING; MEXICO-CITY; SEMIVOLATILE; EMISSIONS; THERMODENUDER; SECONDARY; VEHICLES AB A newly modified fast temperature-stepping thermodenuder (TO) was coupled to a High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for rapid determination of chemically resolved volatility of organic aerosols (OA) emitted from individual sources. The TD-AMS system was used to characterize primary OA (POA) from biomass burning, trash burning surrogates (paper and plastic), and meat cooking as well as chamber-generated secondary OA (SOA) from alpha-pinene- and gasoline vapor. Almost all atmospheric models represent POA as nonvolatile, with no allowance for evaporation upon heating or dilution, or condensation upon cooling. Our results indicate that all OAs observed show semivolatile behavior and that most POAs characterized here were at least as volatile as SOA measured in urban environments. Biomass-burning OA (BBOA) exhibited a wide range of volatilities, but more often showed volatility similar to urban OA. Paper-burning resembles some types of BBOA because of its relatively high volatility and intermediate atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio,while meat-cooking OAs (MCOA) have consistently lower volatility than ambient OA. Chamber-generated SOA under the relatively high concentrations used in traditional experiments was significantly more volatile than urban SOA, challenging extrapolation of traditional laboratory volatility measurements to the atmosphere. Most OAs sampled show increasing O/C ratio and decreasing H/C (hydrogen-to-carbon) ratio with temperature, further indicating that more oxygenated OA components are typically less volatile. Future experiments should systematically explore a wider range of mass concentrations to more fully characterize the volatility distributions of these OAs. C1 [Huffman, J. A.; Docherty, K. S.; Mohr, C.; Cubison, M. J.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huffman, J. A.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ziemann, P. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Onasch, T. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Huffman, J. Alex/A-7449-2010; Mohr, Claudia/D-9857-2011 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Huffman, J. Alex/0000-0002-5363-9516; Mohr, Claudia/0000-0002-3291-9295 FU EPA STAR [R831080, RD-83216101-0, R833747]; DOE [DE-FG02-05ER63981]; NSF [ATM-0449815, ATM-0528634]; NASA [NGT5-30516, NNG05GQ50H] FX The authors would also like to thank J. Kimmel, E. Dunlea, M. Northway, D. Salcedo, and A. Trimborn for assistance in collecting data and J. Jayne and D. Worsnop for useful discussions. We also thank the organizers of FLAME-I (S. Kreidenweis, C. Wold, W. Hao, and W. Malm) and the Niwot Source Emissions Study (M. Hannigan and M. Lechner). These studies were partially supported by Grant Nos. EPA STAR R831080, RD-83216101-0, and R833747, DOE (BER, ASP Program) DE-FG02-05ER63981, NSF ATM-0449815, and ATM-0528634, by NASA fellowships NGT5-30516 and NNG05GQ50H. Neither agency has reviewed these results and thus no endorsement should be inferred. NR 35 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 6 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 14 BP 5351 EP 5357 DI 10.1021/es803539d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 472NE UT WOS:000268138000032 PM 19708365 ER PT J AU Hadler, AB Ott, LS Bruno, TJ AF Hadler, Amelia B. Ott, Lisa S. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Study of azeotropic mixtures with the advanced distillation curve approach SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Acetone plus chloroform; Advanced distillation curve; Azeotrope; Ethanol plus benzene; 2-propanol + benzene; Phase equilibrium ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; 2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL ETHER; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; INTERFACIAL-TENSIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PLUS PROPAN-1-OL; DIMETHYL ETHER; DIESEL FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS AB Classical methods for the study of complex fluid phase behavior include static and dynamic equilibrium cells that usually require vapor and liquid recirculation. These are sophisticated, costly apparatus that require highly trained operators, usually months of labor-intensive work per mixture, and the data analysis is also rather complex. Simpler approaches to the fundamental study of azeotropes are highly desirable, even if they provide only selected cuts through the phase diagram. Recently, we introduced an advanced distillation curve measurement method featuring: (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. We have applied this technique to the study of azeotropic mixtures, for which this method provides the bubble point temperature and dew point composition, completely defining the thermodynamic state from the Gibbs phase rule perspective. In this paper, we present the application of the approach to several simple binary azeotropic mixtures: ethanol + benzene, 2-propanol + benzene, and acetone + chloroform. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hadler, Amelia B.; Ott, Lisa S.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) FX This work was performed while ABH was supported by Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) award at NIST, and while LSO held a National Academy of Science/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship Award at NIST. NR 46 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 281 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2009.04.001 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 462LB UT WOS:000267352900007 ER PT J AU Karcher, B Abbatt, JPD Cox, RA Popp, PJ Voigt, C AF Kaercher, B. Abbatt, J. P. D. Cox, R. A. Popp, P. J. Voigt, C. TI Trapping of trace gases by growing ice surfaces including surface-saturated adsorption SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; KINETIC-MODEL; HNO3; CHEMISTRY AB Key steps leading to the uptake of trace gases into atmospheric cloud ice particles include gas phase diffusion of trace gas molecules toward growing ice crystals and the kinetics of molecular interactions at the ice surfaces. In the case of nitric acid, laboratory studies and airborne field observations indicate uptake in growing ice films and cirrus ice particles above the thermodynamic solubility limit. This implies that uptake of nitric acid molecules on growing ice surfaces (trapping) controls the nitric acid content in ice particles residing in supersaturated air. A previous trapping model is updated to include effects of surface-saturated adsorption. Exact analytical solutions to the problem are derived to enable the calculation of the amount of vapor trapped for a given ice growth rate, assuming Langmuir-type adsorption isotherms. Those solutions are provided in terms of trapping efficiencies and equivalent uptake coefficients, net vapor fluxes toward ice crystals or ice films, steady state molar ratios of trapped molecules in the ice phase, and gas-ice partitioning factors. The trapping model includes the underlying adsorption equilibrium model asymptotically for nongrowing ice particles. Comparisons to laboratory and field measurements of nitric acid uptake are carried out. Observed dependences of uptake as a function of nitric acid partial pressure, ice growth rate, and temperature are reproduced fairly well. Nitric acid molar ratios in cirrus ice are neither controlled purely by adsorption nor purely by gas phase diffusion, underscoring the importance of using the trapping concept to interpret these observations. These results also suggest further mechanisms that enhance the nitric acid content in cirrus ice at the tropical tropopause at very low temperatures. A discussion of potential model improvements outlines the physical conditions in which the updated model describes trapping well and leads to further insight into the physical nature of the trapping process. C1 [Kaercher, B.; Voigt, C.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. [Abbatt, J. P. D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Cox, R. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Popp, P. J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Popp, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Karcher, B (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. EM bernd.kaercher@dlr.de RI Voigt, Christiane/G-3279-2010; Karcher, Bernd/D-5325-2014 OI Karcher, Bernd/0000-0003-0278-4980 FU European Commission; Helmholtz Junior Research Group HGF-AEROTROP FX This work was funded by the European Commission within the Integrated Project "Stratosphere-Climate Links With Emphasis on the UTLS''(SCOUT-O3). Christiane Voigt was funded, in part, through the Helmholtz Junior Research Group HGF-AEROTROP. The NOy data from SCOUT and EUPLEX were provided by Hans Schlager. We thank David Fahey and Klaus Gottschaldt for constructive comments. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D13306 DI 10.1029/2009JD011857 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 512OD UT WOS:000271258600003 ER PT J AU Habib, E Larson, BF Graschel, J AF Habib, Emad Larson, Boone F. Graschel, Jeffrey TI Validation of NEXRAD multisensor precipitation estimates using an experimental dense rain gauge network in south Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEXRAD; MPE; Validation; Rain gauge network; Bias; Sub-pixel variability ID RIVER-BASIN; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; ERRORS; PRODUCTS; BIAS; CALIBRATION; ACCURACY; WSR-88D AB This study presents a validation analysis of a radar-based multisensor precipitation estimation product (MPE) focusing on small temporal and spatial scales that are of hydrological importance. The 4 x 4 km(2) hourly MPE estimates are produced at the National Weather Service (NWS) regional River Forecast Centers and mosaicked as a national product known as Stage IV. The validation analysis was conducted during a 3-year period (2004-2006) using a high quality experimental rain gauge network in south Louisiana, United States, that was not included in the development of the MPE product. The dense arrangement of rain gauges within two MPE 4 x 4 km(2) pixels provided a reasonably accurate approximation of area-average surface rainfall and avoided limitations of near-point gauge observations that are typically encountered in validation of radar-rainfall products. The overall bias between MPE and surface rainfall is rather small when evaluated over an annual basis; however, on an event-scale basis, the bias reaches Lip to +/- 25% of the event total rainfall depth during for half of the events and exceeds 50% for 10% of the events. Negative bias (underestimation) is more dominant (65% of events), which is likely caused by range-related effects such as beam overshooting and spreading over the study site (similar to 120 km from the closest radar site). A clear conditional bias was observed as the MPE estimates tend to overestimate small rain rates (conditional bias of 60-90% for rates lower than 0.5 mm/h) and underestimate large rain rates Cup to -20% for rates higher than 10 mm/h). False detections and lack of detection problems contributed to the MPE bias. but were negligible enough to not result in significant false detection or underestimation of rainfall volumes. A significant scatter was observed between MPE and surface rainfall, especially at small intensities where the standard deviation of differences was in the order of 200-400% and the correlation coefficient was rather poor,. However, the same statistics showed a much better agreement at medium to high rainfall rates. The MPE product was also successful in reproducing the underlying spatial and temporal organization of surface rainfall as reflected in the assessment of rainfall self-correlations and the extreme tail of the hourly rainfall marginal distribution. The quantitative results of this analysis emphasized the need for multiple gauges within MPE pixels as a prerequisite for validation studies. Using a single gauge within an MPE pixel as a reference representation of surface rainfall resulted in an unrealistic inflation of the actual MPE estimation error by 120-180%, especially during high-variability rainfall cases. This and the enhanced quality of the reference gauge dataset, explain the improved performance by MPE as compared to other previous studies. Compared to previous studies, the current analysis shows a significant improvement in the MPE performance. This is attributed to two main factors: continuous MPE algorithmic improvements and increased experience by its users at the NWS forecast centers, and the use of high-quality and dense rain gauge observations as a validation reference dataset. The later factor ensured that gauge-related errors are not wrongly assigned to radar estimation uncertainties. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Habib, Emad; Larson, Boone F.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Civil Engn, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Graschel, Jeffrey] NWS Lower Mississippi River Forecast Ctr, Slidell, LA 70460 USA. RP Habib, E (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Civil Engn, POB 42991, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM habib@louisiana.edu FU COMET Outreach Program; LaSPACE Graduate Student Research Assistance program; Louisiana Board of Regents Support Fund; NASA/LEQS; NASA FX This study was funded in part by a subaward with LICAR under the sponsorship of NOAA/DOC as part of the COMET Outreach Program, the LaSPACE Graduate Student Research Assistance program, the Louisiana Board of Regents Support Fund Research Competitiveness Subprogram, and the NASA/LEQS F(2005 -2010)- LaSPACE contract (NASA grant number NNG05GH22H). The authors also acknowledge Ying Lin from NCEP for input regarding the Stage IV data and Brian R. Nelson and Ali Tokay for their valuable comments at the early stage of this study. Special thanks to Amy Henschke for assistance in data analysis and producing figures and tables. Valuable comments from two anonymous reviewers for enhancing the quality of the manuscript are greatly acknowledged. NR 58 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 3-4 BP 463 EP 478 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.010 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 475ZL UT WOS:000268406400017 ER PT J AU Coddington, I Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Coddington, I. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. TI Coherent linear optical sampling at 15 bits of resolution SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-COMB; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; TERAHERTZ; PHASE AB Linear optical sampling characterizes a sample by measuring the distortions on a transmitted optical field, thereby quantifying the sample's optical response. By exploiting the high mutual coherence between two phase-locked femtosecond fiber lasers, we achieve very high signal-to-noise ratio measurements of transmitted optical electric fields through coherent averaging. We measure the optical electric fields with 15.16 bits of dynamic range (91 dB in intensity) and with 525 fs timing resolution over a 10 ns time window, in a 5.1 s averaging period. C1 [Coddington, I.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Coddington, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ian@nist.gov NR 19 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 14 BP 2153 EP 2155 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 481TK UT WOS:000268834500023 PM 19823532 ER PT J AU Hoefer, MA Engels, P Chang, JJ AF Hoefer, M. A. Engels, P. Chang, J. J. TI Matter-wave interference in Bose-Einstein condensates: A dispersive hydrodynamic perspective SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Whitham modulation theory; Soliton train; Bose-Einstein condensation; Matter-wave interference; Dispersive hydrodynamics ID NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; WHITHAM EQUATIONS; VORTEX; DYNAMICS; SOLITONS; STATES; DECAY AB The interference pattern generated by the merging interaction of two Bose-Einstein condensates reveals the coherent, quantum wave nature of matter. An asymptotic analysis of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the small dispersion (semiclassical) limit, experimental results, and three-dimensional numerical simulations show that this interference pattern can be interpreted as a modulated soliton train generated by the interaction of two rarefaction waves propagating through the vacuum. The soliton train is shown to emerge from a linear, trigonometric interference pattern and is found by use of the Whitham modulation theory for nonlinear waves. This dispersive hydrodynamic perspective offers a new viewpoint on the mechanism driving matter-wave interference. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hoefer, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Engels, P.; Chang, J. J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hoefer, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hoefer@boulder.nist.gov OI HOEFER, MARK/0000-0001-5883-6562 FU NSF [PHY-0652976] FX The authors are grateful to Mark Ablowitz for helpful discussions. P. E. acknowledges financial support from NSF under grant no. PHY-0652976. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUL 15 PY 2009 VL 238 IS 15 BP 1311 EP 1320 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2008.08.021 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 476LS UT WOS:000268443100004 ER PT J AU Austin, J Wilson, RJ Akiyoshi, H Bekki, S Butchart, N Claud, C Fomichev, VI Forster, P Garcia, RR Gillett, NP Keckhut, P Langematz, U Manzini, E Nagashima, T Randel, WJ Rozanov, E Shibata, K Shine, KP Struthers, H Thompson, DWJ Wu, F Yoden, S AF Austin, J. Wilson, R. J. Akiyoshi, H. Bekki, S. Butchart, N. Claud, C. Fomichev, V. I. Forster, P. Garcia, R. R. Gillett, N. P. Keckhut, P. Langematz, U. Manzini, E. Nagashima, T. Randel, W. J. Rozanov, E. Shibata, K. Shine, K. P. Struthers, H. Thompson, D. W. J. Wu, F. Yoden, S. TI Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of stratospheric temperatures and their trends for the recent past SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERACTIVE CHEMISTRY; OZONE; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; AEROSOL AB Temperature results from multi-decadal simulations of coupled chemistry climate models for the recent past are analyzed using multi-linear regression including a trend, solar cycle, lower stratospheric tropical wind, and volcanic aerosol terms. The climatology of the models for recent years is in good agreement with observations for the troposphere but the model results diverge from each other and from observations in the stratosphere. Overall, the models agree better with observations than in previous assessments, primarily because of corrections in the observed temperatures. The annually averaged global and polar temperature trends simulated by the models are generally in agreement with revised satellite observations and radiosonde data over much of their altitude range. In the global average, the model trends underpredict the radiosonde data slightly at the top of the observed range. Over the Antarctic some models underpredict the temperature trend in the lower stratosphere, while others overpredict the trends. Citation: Austin, J., et al. (2009), Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of stratospheric temperatures and their trends for the recent past, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13809, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038462. C1 [Austin, J.; Wilson, R. J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Akiyoshi, H.; Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. [Manzini, E.] Inst Natl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. [Forster, P.] Univ Leeds, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Manzini, E.] Ctr Euromediterraneo & Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy. [Manzini, E.] Inst Natl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Garcia, R. R.; Randel, W. J.; Wu, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Struthers, H.] NIWA, Omakau 9352, Central Otago, New Zealand. [Yoden, S.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Thompson, D. W. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Rozanov, E.] PMOD WRC, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Shine, K. P.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Rozanov, E.] IAC ETHZ, Davos, Switzerland. [Fomichev, V. I.] York Univ, ESSE, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Langematz, U.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. [Keckhut, P.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Gillett, N. P.] Univ Victoria, Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Gillett, N. P.] Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling, STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Claud, C.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Meteorol Dynam IPSL, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Butchart, N.] Met Off, Div Climate Res, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Bekki, S.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Austin, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.austin@noaa.gov RI Randel, William/K-3267-2016; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010; Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011; Shine, Keith/D-9093-2012; Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; YODEN, SHIGEO/P-9065-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012 OI Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171; Claud, Chantal/0000-0001-7613-9525; Shine, Keith/0000-0003-2672-9978; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L13809 DI 10.1029/2009GL038462 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 500HK UT WOS:000270289300003 ER PT J AU Mesquita, MDS Atkinson, DE Simmonds, I Keay, K Gottschalck, J AF Mesquita, Michel D. S. Atkinson, David E. Simmonds, Ian Keay, Kevin Gottschalck, Jon TI New perspectives on the synoptic development of the severe October 1992 Nome storm SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CYCLONE BEHAVIOR; TRACKING METHODS; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; SURGES; WINTER AB Understanding the characteristics of storms that impact the Alaska region is of importance to emergency planning. The 5-7 October 1992 storm was a severe event which cost Nome, a town in Alaska, $6 million dollars. We will explore its characteristics with the aid of two established cyclone tracking schemes: the NOAA CPC current operational algorithm and the University of Melbourne algorithm. Manual tracking was performed as a control. The essential features are captured by both algorithms, but they differ in the genesis and lysis location. The NOAA algorithm broke the storm into two separate events. Synoptic development of the storm was influenced by a blocking high that affected how the tracking algorithms handled the event. A synoptic re-examination of this storm is presented in terms of the depth, Laplacian and radius of the system. These new results present a fresh perspective on the intensity and longevity of this dramatic storm. Citation: Mesquita, M. d.S., D. E. Atkinson, I. Simmonds, K. Keay, and J. Gottschalck (2009), New perspectives on the synoptic development of the severe October 1992 Nome storm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13808, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038824. C1 [Mesquita, Michel D. S.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Simmonds, Ian; Keay, Kevin] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Gottschalck, Jon] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Mesquita, Michel D. S.; Atkinson, David E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mesquita, MDS (reprint author), Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Allegaten 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM michel.mesquita@bjerknes.uib.no RI Mesquita, Michel d. S./C-3414-2009; OI Mesquita, Michel d. S./0000-0002-4556-5414; Simmonds, Ian/0000-0002-4479-3255 FU Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research; NOAA [NA06OAR4600179] FX We are grateful for NCAR for providing their data sets in the public domain. This work was made possible by grants from the Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research and NOAA grant NA06OAR4600179 "Social Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Alaskan Coastal Zone.'' We appreciate comments made on a first draft by two anonymous reviewers, which strengthened the paper. We would also like to thank Ted Fathauer, NOAA's National Weather Service, for useful discussions. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L13808 DI 10.1029/2009GL038824 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 500HK UT WOS:000270289300006 ER PT J AU Shaw, CT Feinberg, LR Peterson, WT AF Shaw, C. Tracy Feinberg, Leah R. Peterson, William T. TI Interannual variations in vital rates of copepods and euphausiids during the RISE study 2004-2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; ANTARCTIC KRILL; HATCHING MECHANISM; PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; EGG-PRODUCTION; CENTRAL OREGON; BROOD SIZE; VARIABILITY AB The River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) program investigated the role of the Columbia River plume in enhancing productivity in the upwelling zone off Washington during four cruises from 2004 to 2006. Measurements of growth rates and brood sizes of euphausiids and egg production rates of copepods were used as indices of secondary production to determine whether these rates differed (1) among cruises as a function of differences in upwelling strength and (2) with latitude, both within the RISE study area and between the coastal waters of Washington and Oregon. Euphausia pacifica growth rates were significantly higher during June 2006 than during July 2004 and June 2005 but not significantly different between the RISE study area and Newport Hydrographic (NH) Line, Oregon. Euphausiid brood sizes were significantly higher during August 2005 than during any other cruise for both E. pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera; our experiments did not indicate that brood sizes were higher in the northern part of the RISE study region. E. pacifica broods were larger for NH than RISE, but T. spinifera broods were not. Significant differences in egg production rates (EPRs) were found among cruises for both Calanus pacificus and C. marshallae, with higher EPRs during August 2005. EPRs on other cruises were less than half the maximum rates known for these species. EPRs of C. marshallae were similar between RISE and NH; C. pacificus EPRs were significantly higher (lower) in the RISE region in 2005 (2006). Interannual differences in ocean conditions affected zooplankton production more strongly than differences in latitude. C1 [Shaw, C. Tracy; Feinberg, Leah R.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Shaw, CT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM tracy.shaw@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C00B08 DI 10.1029/2008JC004826 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 495UI UT WOS:000269920100002 ER PT J AU Feist, J Pazourek, R Nagele, S Persson, E Schneider, BI Collins, LA Burgdorfer, J AF Feist, J. Pazourek, R. Nagele, S. Persson, E. Schneider, B. I. Collins, L. A. Burgdoerfer, J. TI Electron correlation in two-photon double ionization of helium from attosecond to XFEL pulses SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Multi-Photon Processes CY 2008 CL Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; SINGLE; LASER; HE; PHOTOIONIZATION; COLLISIONS; STATES AB We investigate the role of electron correlation in the two-photon double ionization of helium for ultrashort pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) regime with durations ranging from a hundred attoseconds to a few femtoseconds. We perform time-dependent ab initio calculations for pulses with mean frequencies in the so-called 'sequential' regime ((h) over bar omega > 54.4 eV). Electron correlation induced by the time correlation between emission events manifests itself in the angular distribution of the ejected electrons, which strongly depends on the energy sharing between them. We show that for ultrashort pulses two-photon double ionization probabilities scale non-uniformly with pulse duration depending on the energy sharing between the electrons. Most interestingly we find evidence for an interference between direct ('nonsequential') and indirect ('sequential') double photoionization with intermediate shake-up states, the strength of which is controlled by the pulse duration. This observation may provide a route towards measuring the pulse duration of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. C1 [Feist, J.; Pazourek, R.; Nagele, S.; Persson, E.; Burgdoerfer, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Schneider, B. I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Schneider, B. I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Collins, L. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Feist, J (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM johannes.feist@tuwien.ac.at RI Nagele, Stefan/E-6938-2011; Feist, Johannes/J-7394-2012 OI Nagele, Stefan/0000-0003-1213-0294; Feist, Johannes/0000-0002-7972-0646 NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 13 AR 134014 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/42/13/134014 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 470AG UT WOS:000267943300015 ER PT J AU Dura, JA Murthi, VS Hartman, M Satija, SK Majkrzak, CF AF Dura, Joseph A. Murthi, Vivek S. Hartman, Michael Satija, Sushil K. Majkrzak, Charles F. TI Multilamellar Interface Structures in Nafion SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FILMS; PEM FUEL-CELLS; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; SCHROEDERS-PARADOX; WATER-UPTAKE; X-RAY; TRANSPORT; IONOMERS AB Neutron reflectometry measurements show that lamellar structures composed of thin alternating water-rich and Nafion-rich layers exist at the interface between SiO(2) and the hydrated Nafion film. Lamellae thickness and number of layers increase with humidity. Some lamellae remain in the film after dehydration. Multilayer lamellae are not observed for Nafion on Au or Pt surfaces. Instead, a thin partially hydrated single interfacial layer occurs and decreases in thickness to a few angstroms as humidity is reduced to zero. The absorption isotherm of the rest of the Nafion film is similar to that of bulk Nafion for all three surfaces investigated. The observed interfacial structures have implications for the performance, reliability. and improvements of fuel cell proton exchange membranes and membrane electrode assemblies. C1 [Dura, Joseph A.; Satija, Sushil K.; Majkrzak, Charles F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Murthi, Vivek S.] UTC Power Corp, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. [Hartman, Michael] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Dura, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dura@nist.gov RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X NR 36 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 14 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 13 BP 4769 EP 4774 DI 10.1021/ma802823j PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 472NJ UT WOS:000268138500061 ER PT J AU Cho, SU Choi, HK Yang, CU Park, YD Silva, FCS Osminer, T Pappas, DP AF Cho, Sung Un Choi, Hyung Kook Yang, Chan Uk Park, Yun Daniel Da Silva, Fabio C. S. Osminer, Teresa Pappas, David P. TI Modification of magnetotransport properties across patterned GaMnAs nanoconstrictions by application of high current densities SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE current density; electromigration; ferromagnetic materials; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; interstitials; magnetic switching; magnetoresistance; manganese compounds; nanostructured materials; semimagnetic semiconductors ID SEMICONDUCTORS; ARSENIDE AB We report on modifications in the magnetotransport properties across patterned GaMnAs nanoconstrictions by the application of high current densities (< 10(7) A/cm(2)). Initially, we observe controllable changes in the electrical resistance with the direction of the bias current. Repeated biases at high current densities greatly increase the constriction resistances. Subsequent biasing and magnetotransport measurements show nearly a fourfold increase in the magnetoresistances and large changes in the magnetic switching behavior of GaMnAs. The initial reversibility of the changes in resistance suggests that dopant electromigration may locally alter the interstitial concentrations of Mn at the nanoconstriction. C1 [Cho, Sung Un; Choi, Hyung Kook; Yang, Chan Uk; Park, Yun Daniel] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Da Silva, Fabio C. S.; Osminer, Teresa; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Park, YD (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, NS 50, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM parkyd@phya.snu.ac.kr RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 FU Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology [2008-02795] FX This study was primarily supported by the Seoul R& BD Program. S. U. C. acknowledges the support extended by the Seoul Science Fellowship program. Y.D.P. acknowledges the support from NRF Nano R& D Program funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (2008-02795). Contribution of the US Government is not subject to copyright. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 2 AR 022517 DI 10.1063/1.3182720 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 471WO UT WOS:000268089200061 ER PT J AU Davies, JE Hellwig, O Fullerton, EE Winklhofer, M Shull, RD Liu, K AF Davies, J. E. Hellwig, O. Fullerton, E. E. Winklhofer, M. Shull, R. D. Liu, Kai TI Frustration driven stripe domain formation in Co/Pt multilayer films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cobalt alloys; frustration; magnetic multilayers; magnetisation reversal; nucleation; platinum alloys; X-ray microscopy ID PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; REVERSAL; PATTERNS AB We report microscopic mechanisms for an unusual magnetization reversal behavior in Co/Pt multilayers where some of the first-order reversal curves protrude outside of the major loop. Transmission x-ray microscopy reveals a fragmented stripe domain topography when the magnetic field is reversed prior to saturation, in contrast to an interconnected pattern when reversing from a saturated state. The different domain nucleation and propagation behaviors are due to unannihilated domains from the prior field sweep. These residual domains contribute to random dipole fields that impede the subsequent domain growth and prevent domains from growing as closely together as for the interconnected pattern. C1 [Davies, J. E.; Winklhofer, M.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Davies, J. E.; Shull, R. D.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hellwig, O.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. [Fullerton, E. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Winklhofer, M.] Univ Munich, Dept Geosci, D-80333 Munich, Germany. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kailiu@ucdavis.edu RI Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008; Winklhofer, Michael/B-7349-2009; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371; Winklhofer, Michael/0000-0003-1352-9723; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-05CH11231] FX Work at UCD has been supported by CITRIS and BaCaTec. J.E.D. and K. L. acknowledge support from a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship and a UCD Chancellor's Fellowship, respectively. We thank Dr. Greg Denbeaux for technical assistance with TXRM. The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 2 AR 022505 DI 10.1063/1.3179553 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 471WO UT WOS:000268089200049 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, JM White, TC Grube, H Read, JC Davies, JE AF Pomeroy, J. M. White, T. C. Grube, H. Read, J. C. Davies, J. E. TI Magnetoresistance based first-order reversal curve analysis of magnetic tunnel junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; cobalt; cobalt compounds; coercive force; copper; gold; magnetic domains; magnetic storage; magnetic switching; magnetic tunnelling; magnetoresistance ID DIAGRAMS AB First-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis is conventionally applied to magnetization versus applied magnetic field loops to determine the ensemble properties of multidomain magnetic samples ranging from naturally occurring geological samples to exquisitely engineered materials for use in magnetic storage. We apply FORC analysis to magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) by using magnetoresistance instead of magnetization field. By using the MTJ resistance to monitor domain switching, arbitrarily small samples can be studied, as well as functioning devices after lithographic patterning. Experimental data are presented from sub-0.01 mm(2) MTJs that illustrate the application of FORC analysis and demonstrate asymmetric switching distributions when mapped in coercive versus interaction field space. C1 [Pomeroy, J. M.; White, T. C.; Grube, H.; Read, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davies, J. E.] NVE Corp, Adv Technol Grp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov RI Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008 OI Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0453430] FX T. C. W. was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0453430. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 2 AR 022514 DI 10.1063/1.3175723 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 471WO UT WOS:000268089200058 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Allen, DT Bates, TS Estes, M Fehsenfeld, FC Feingold, G Ferrare, R Hardesty, RM Meagher, JF Nielsen-Gammon, JW Pierce, RB Ryerson, TB Seinfeld, JH Williams, EJ AF Parrish, D. D. Allen, D. T. Bates, T. S. Estes, M. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Feingold, G. Ferrare, R. Hardesty, R. M. Meagher, J. F. Nielsen-Gammon, J. W. Pierce, R. B. Ryerson, T. B. Seinfeld, J. H. Williams, E. J. TI Overview of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; LAND-COVER DATA; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; GALVESTON METROPOLITAN-AREA; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS AB The Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) was conducted in eastern Texas during 2005 and 2006. This 2-year study included an intensive field campaign, TexAQS 2006/Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS), conducted in August-October 2006. The results reported in this special journal section are based on observations collected on four aircraft, one research vessel, networks of ground-based air quality and meteorological (surface and radar wind profiler) sites in eastern Texas, a balloon-borne ozonesonde-radiosonde network (part of Intercontinental Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS-06)), and satellites. This overview paper provides operational and logistical information for those platforms and sites, summarizes the principal findings and conclusions that have thus far been drawn from the results, and directs readers to appropriate papers for the full analysis. Two of these findings deserve particular emphasis. First, despite decreases in actual emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOC) and some improvements in inventory estimates since the TexAQS 2000 study, the current Houston area emission inventories still underestimate HRVOC emissions by approximately 1 order of magnitude. Second, the background ozone in eastern Texas, which represents the minimum ozone concentration that is likely achievable through only local controls, can approach or exceed the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 75 ppbv for an 8-h average. These findings have broad implications for air quality control strategies in eastern Texas. C1 [Parrish, D. D.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Feingold, G.; Hardesty, R. M.; Meagher, J. F.; Ryerson, T. B.; Williams, E. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Allen, D. T.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Bates, T. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Estes, M.] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX 78753 USA. [Ferrare, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nielsen-Gammon, J. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop R CSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.d.parrish@noaa.gov RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; FU NOAA Climate Program Office [NA06OAR4310082]; NASA Science Mission Directorate,; NASA CALIPSO; Texas Commission on Environment Quality (TCEQ); CALIPSO project; Office of Science (BER); U. S. Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program) [DE-AI02-05ER6398] FX The Air Quality and the Climate Research and Modeling Programs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) supported the WP-3D, O3 Lidar aircraft, and Ronald H. Brown R/V measurements. The CIRPAS Twin Otter was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under grant NA06OAR4310082. Support for the HSRL deployment and analyses of data was provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the NASA CALIPSO project, the Texas Commission on Environment Quality (TCEQ), and the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program), Interagency Agreement DE-AI02-05ER6398. NR 183 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 11 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F13 DI 10.1029/2009JD011842 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 469XW UT WOS:000267936300004 ER PT J AU Birch, CE Brooks, IM Tjernstrom, M Milton, SF Earnshaw, P Soderberg, S Persson, POG AF Birch, C. E. Brooks, I. M. Tjernstrom, M. Milton, S. F. Earnshaw, P. Soderberg, S. Persson, P. Ola G. TI The performance of a global and mesoscale model over the central Arctic Ocean during late summer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; SEA-ICE; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; CLOUD PROPERTIES; COUPLED MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE AB Measurements of turbulent fluxes, clouds, radiation, and profiles of mean meteorological parameters, obtained over an ice floe in the central Arctic Ocean during the Arctic Ocean Experiment 2001, are used to evaluate the performance of U. K. Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) and Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) in the lower atmosphere during late summer. Both the latest version of the MetUM and the version operational in 2001 are used in the comparison to gain an insight as to whether updates to the model have improved its performance over the Arctic region. As with previous model evaluations over the Arctic, the pressure, humidity, and wind fields are satisfactorily represented in all three models. The older version of the MetUM underpredicts the occurrence of low-level Arctic clouds, and the liquid and ice cloud water partitioning is inaccurate compared to observations made during SHEBA. In the newer version, simulated ice and liquid water paths are improved, but the occurrence of low-level clouds are overpredicted. Both versions overestimate the amount of radiative heat absorbed at the surface, leading to a significant feedback of errors involving the surface albedo, which causes a large positive bias the surface temperature. Cloud forcing in COAMPS produces similar biases in the downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes to those produced by UM(G25). The surface albedo parameterization is, however, more realistic, and thus, the total heat flux and surface temperature are more accurate for the majority of the observation period. C1 [Birch, C. E.; Brooks, I. M.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Milton, S. F.; Earnshaw, P.] Global Model Dev & Diagnost, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Soderberg, S.] WeatherTech Scandinavia, SE-75310 Uppsala, Sweden. [Tjernstrom, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Birch, CE (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Environm Bldg, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM c.birch@see.leeds.ac.uk RI Earnshaw, Paul/F-7148-2010; Earnshaw, Paul/A-3289-2009; Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Milton, Sean/J-8866-2012; OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 FU U.K. Natural Environmental Research Council [NE/E010008/1]; U.K. Met Office; Swedish Secretariat for Polar Research FX This work was funded by U.K. Natural Environmental Research Council (studentship and grant number NE/E010008/1), and U.K. Met Office. AOE 2001 was a multinational expedition. Logistics were funded by Swedish Secretariat for Polar Research and partly by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. We thank the AOE 2001 participants for sharing their data with us. The S- band radar was operated by Scott Abbott, and we thank Allen White for providing the data from it. The ISFF data sets were provided by John Militzer and Steve Oncley and the albedo measurements by Bertil Larsson and Maria Lundin. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D13104 DI 10.1029/2008JD010790 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 469XV UT WOS:000267936200002 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF van der Laan, D. C. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. TI Effect of a Compressive Uniaxial Strain on the Critical Current Density of Grain Boundaries in Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-delta Films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; JUNCTIONS; BICRYSTALS; SYMMETRY; DEVICES AB The mechanism by which grain boundaries impede current flow in high-temperature superconductors has resisted explanation for over two decades. We provide evidence that the strain fields around grain boundary dislocations in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films substantially suppress the local critical current density J(c). The removal of strain from the superconducting grain boundary channels by the application of compressive strain causes a remarkable increase in J(c). Contrary to previous understanding, the strain-free J(c) of the grain boundary channels is comparable to the intrinsic J(c) of the grains themselves. C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Haugan, T. J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danko@boulder.nist.gov RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX The authors would like to thank Hans Hilgenkamp, Jochen Mannhart, and Jack Ekin for their technical input and fruitful discussions. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 2 AR 027005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.027005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 469HT UT WOS:000267887800053 PM 19659238 ER PT J AU Feierabend, KJ Flad, JE Brown, SS Burkholder, JB AF Feierabend, Karl J. Flad, Jonathan E. Brown, S. S. Burkholder, James B. TI HCO Quantum Yields in the Photolysis of HC(O)C(O)H (Glyoxal) between 290 and 420 nm SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; TRANS-GLYOXAL; A-1(U) STATE; FRAGMENT HCO; S-1 GLYOXAL; DISSOCIATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; FORMALDEHYDE; RELAXATION; CHEMISTRY AB Quantum yields, Phi, for the production of the formyl radical, HCO, in the photolysis of glyoxal were determined at 85 wavelengths, lambda, in the range of 290-420 nm at pressures between 50 and 550 Torr (N-2) at 298 K using pulsed-laser photolysis combined with cavity ring-down spectroscopy detection of HCO. HCO quantum yields were parametrized using a Stern-Volmer analysis to obtain extrapolated zero-pressure NCO quantum yields, Phi(0)(lambda), and values for the ratio of the rate coefficients for quenching and dissociation, k(q)/k(d)(lambda), at each wavelength. Phi(0)(lambda) varied smoothly with wavelength with a maximum value of similar to 1.8 in the range 300-385 nm with values decreasing to near 0 at 420 nm and 0.4 at 290 nm. k(q)/k(d)(lambda) was measurable at nearly all photolysis wavelengths and is well-represented by the relationship k(q)/k(d)(lambda) = (2.3 x 10(-20)) +(1.5 x 10(-19)) exp(-0.4 Delta E) (cm(3) molecule(-1)) where Delta E = ((28 571/lambda) - 72.5) (kcal mol(-1)), lambda is the photolysis wavelength (nm), and 72.5 kcal mol(-1) is the threshold for glyoxal photodissociation. Differences in our HCO quantum yield wavelength- and pressure-dependence with previous studies are discussed. The present HCO quantum yield data are appropriate for use in atmospheric model calculations, and revised wavelength-dependent photolysis branching ratios for the production of 2HCO, H2CO + O-2 and H-2 + 2CO at atmospheric pressure are presented. C1 [Feierabend, Karl J.; Flad, Jonathan E.; Brown, S. S.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Feierabend, Karl J.; Flad, Jonathan E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA; NASA FX This work was partially funded by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Air Quality programs and by NASA's Atmospheric Composition program. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 9 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 27 BP 7784 EP 7794 DI 10.1021/jp9033003 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 466WN UT WOS:000267694800013 PM 19522522 ER PT J AU Simmonds, RW Strauch, FW AF Simmonds, Raymond W. Strauch, Frederick W. TI QUANTUM INFORMATION Circuits that process with magic SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALGORITHM C1 [Simmonds, Raymond W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Strauch, Frederick W.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Simmonds, RW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM raymond.simmonds@nist.gov; frederick.w.strauch@williams.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 9 PY 2009 VL 460 IS 7252 BP 187 EP 188 DI 10.1038/460187a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 467RV UT WOS:000267761000026 PM 19587757 ER PT J AU Semmens, BX Ward, EJ Moore, JW Darimont, CT AF Semmens, Brice X. Ward, Eric J. Moore, Jonathan W. Darimont, Chris T. TI Quantifying Inter- and Intra-Population Niche Variability Using Hierarchical Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Variability in resource use defines the width of a trophic niche occupied by a population. Intra-population variability in resource use may occur across hierarchical levels of population structure from individuals to subpopulations. Understanding how levels of population organization contribute to population niche width is critical to ecology and evolution. Here we describe a hierarchical stable isotope mixing model that can simultaneously estimate both the prey composition of a consumer diet and the diet variability among individuals and across levels of population organization. By explicitly estimating variance components for multiple scales, the model can deconstruct the niche width of a consumer population into relevant levels of population structure. We apply this new approach to stable isotope data from a population of gray wolves from coastal British Columbia, and show support for extensive intra-population niche variability among individuals, social groups, and geographically isolated subpopulations. The analytic method we describe improves mixing models by accounting for diet variability, and improves isotope niche width analysis by quantitatively assessing the contribution of levels of organization to the niche width of a population. RP Semmens, BX (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM Brice.Semmens@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 9 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 7 AR e6187 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0006187 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 471DL UT WOS:000268035100011 PM 19587790 ER PT J AU Curry, JJ AF Curry, J. J. TI Absolute transition probabilities for 559 strong lines of neutral cerium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CE-I; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; SPECTRA AB Absolute radiative transition probabilities are reported for 559 strong lines of neutral cerium covering the wavelength range 340-880 nm. These transition probabilities are obtained by scaling published relative line intensities (Meggers et al 1975 Tables of Spectral Line Intensities (National Bureau of Standards Monograph 145)) with a smaller set of published absolute transition probabilities (Bisson et al 1991 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8 1545). All 559 new values are for lines for which transition probabilities have not previously been available. The estimated relative random uncertainty of the new data is +/- 35% for nearly all lines. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjcurry@nist.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 13 AR 135205 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/42/13/135205 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 460VK UT WOS:000267219000026 ER PT J AU Velders, GJM Fahey, DW Daniel, JS McFarland, M Andersen, SO AF Velders, Guus J. M. Fahey, David W. Daniel, John S. McFarland, Mack Andersen, Stephen O. TI The large contribution of projected HFC emissions to future climate forcing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HCFC consumption; radiative forcing; scenarios ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS AB The consumption and emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are projected to increase substantially in the coming decades in response to regulation of ozone depleting gases under the Montreal Protocol. The projected increases result primarily from sustained growth in demand for refrigeration, air-conditioning (AC) and insulating foam products in developing countries assuming no new regulation of HFC consumption or emissions. New HFC scenarios are presented based on current hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) consumption in leading applications, patterns of replacements of HCFCs by HFCs in developed countries, and gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Global HFC emissions significantly exceed previous estimates after 2025 with developing country emissions as much as 800% greater than in developed countries in 2050. Global HFC emissions in 2050 are equivalent to 9-19% (CO2-eq. basis) of projected global CO2 emissions in business-as-usual scenarios and contribute a radiative forcing equivalent to that from 6-13 years of CO2 emissions near 2050. This percentage increases to 28-45% compared with projected CO2 emissions in a 450-ppm CO2 stabilization scenario. In a hypothetical scenario based on a global cap followed by 4% annual reductions in consumption, HFC radiative forcing is shown to peak and begin to decline before 2050. C1 [Velders, Guus J. M.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Fahey, David W.; Daniel, John S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McFarland, Mack] DuPont Fluoroprod, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. [Andersen, Stephen O.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Velders, GJM (reprint author), Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, POB 303, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM guus.velders@pbl.nl RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 31 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 9 U2 47 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 27 BP 10949 EP 10954 DI 10.1073/pnas.0902817106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 468DX UT WOS:000267796100017 PM 19549868 ER PT J AU Chin, J Petit, S Forster, A Riley, M Rice, K AF Chin, Joannie Petit, Sylvain Forster, Amanda Riley, Michael Rice, Kirk TI Effect of Artificial Perspiration and Cleaning Chemicals on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Ballistic Materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE degradation; fibers; infrared spectroscopy; microstructure; strength ID BENZOBISOXAZOLE; POLYETHYLENE; POLYMERS; FIBER AB During routine field use of soft body armor, the ballistic panels become saturated with perspiration. This condition motivates the user to clean and/or deodorize the armor, and anecdotal evidence is given for various methods used to accomplish this. Although the cleaning/deodorization is usually performed on the armor liners and coverings, there is concern that the chemicals could seep into the ballistic panels and damage the fibers. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of artificial perspiration cleaning chemicals on the mechanical and chemical properties of aramid, poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene yarns after controlled cycles of exposure to artificial perspiration and dilute solutions of common cleaning chemicals. It was observed that the effect of the artificial perspiration on the properties of all of the materials tested was the same as that of water alone. Of all of the cleaning chemicals, used, only chlorine bleach had a detrimental effect on the yarn properties. All other cleaning chemicals had the same effect as water alone. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 567-584, 2009 C1 [Chin, Joannie; Petit, Sylvain] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Amanda; Riley, Michael; Rice, Kirk] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Law Enforcement Stand, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chin, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joannie.chin@nist.gov RI Rice, Kirk/E-5775-2011; OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 FU NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards; National Institute of Justice [2003IJR029] FX Contract grant sponsor: NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards and the National Institute of Justice; contract grant number: 2003IJR029. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 5 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1 BP 567 EP 584 DI 10.1002/app.30124 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 443IX UT WOS:000265904500068 ER PT J AU Chan, MK Ocampo-Hafalla, MT Vartanian, V Jaruga, P Kirkali, G Koenig, KL Brown, S Lloyd, RS Dizdaroglu, M Teebor, GW AF Chan, Michael K. Ocampo-Hafalla, Maria T. Vartanian, Vladimir Jaruga, Pawel Kirkali, Gueldal Koenig, Karen L. Brown, Stuart Lloyd, R. Stephen Dizdaroglu, Miral Teebor, George W. TI Targeted deletion of the genes encoding NTH1 and NEIL1 DNA N-glycosylases reveals the existence of novel carcinogenic oxidative damage to DNA SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE Mouse; Cancer; Base excision repair; NTH1; NEIL1; K-ras ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; HUMAN LUNG-CANCER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MUTATIONS; LESIONS; MYH; PROTEIN; MICE AB We have generated a strain of mice lacking two DNA N-glycosylases of base excision repair (BER), NTH1 and NEIL1, homologs of bacterial Nth (endonuclease three) and Nei (endonuclease eight). Although these enzymes remove several oxidized bases from DNA, they do not remove the well-known carcinogenic oxidation product of guanine: 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-OH-Gua), which is removed by another DNA N-glycosylase, OGG1. The Nth1(-/-)Neil1(-/-) mice developed pulmonary and hepatocellular tumors in much higher incidence than either of the single knockouts, Nth1(-/-) and Neil1(-/-). The pulmonary tumors contained, exclusively, activating GGT -> GAT transitions in codon 12 of K-ras of their DNA. Such transitions contrast sharply with the activating GGT -> GTT transversions in codon 12 of K-ras of the pathologically similar pulmonary tumors, which arose in mice lacking OGG1 and a second DNA N-glycosylase, MUTY. To characterize the biochemical phenotype of the knockout mice, the content of oxidative DNA base damage was analyzed from three tissues isolated from control, single and double knockout mice. The content of 8-OH-Gua was indistinguishable among all genotypes. In contrast, the content of 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua) derived from adenine and guanine, respectively, were increased in some but not all tissues of Neil1(-/-) and Neill-1-Nth1(-/-) mice. The high incidence of tumors in our Nth1(-/-)Neil1(-/-) mice together with the nature of the activating mutation in the K-ras gene of their pulmonary tumors, reveal for the first time, the existence of mutagenic and carcinogenic oxidative damage to DNA which is not 8-OH-Gua. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chan, Michael K.; Ocampo-Hafalla, Maria T.; Teebor, George W.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Chan, Michael K.; Ocampo-Hafalla, Maria T.; Teebor, George W.] NYU, Sch Med, Inst Canc, New York, NY USA. [Vartanian, Vladimir; Lloyd, R. Stephen] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Res Occupat & Environm Toxicol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Vartanian, Vladimir; Lloyd, R. Stephen] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel; Kirkali, Gueldal; Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Kirkali, Gueldal] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. [Koenig, Karen L.] NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Brown, Stuart] NYU, Dept Cell Biol, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Teebor, GW (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM George.Teebor@nyumc.org RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015; OI Teebor, George/0000-0002-7397-2500; Brown, Stuart/0000-0002-0906-9907 FU NIH [DK075974] FX Grant support: NIH DK075974 (RSL). NR 45 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD JUL 4 PY 2009 VL 8 IS 7 BP 786 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.03.001 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 471VL UT WOS:000268086300002 PM 19346169 ER PT J AU Ganguly, D Ginoux, P Ramaswamy, V Winker, DM Holben, BN Tripathi, SN AF Ganguly, Dilip Ginoux, P. Ramaswamy, V. Winker, D. M. Holben, B. N. Tripathi, S. N. TI Retrieving the composition and concentration of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic basin using CALIOP and AERONET data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE AB Most GCMs (General Circulation Models) fail to reproduce the AOD ( aerosol optical depth) peak over the Indo-Gangetic basin (IGB) as noticed through satellite observations. Insufficient data on aerosol composition makes it difficult to improve GCM results over this source region. In this work, we retrieve the composition and concentration of aerosols over the IGB region, to a first order approximation, by combining the spectral measurements of AOD, single scattering albedo and size distribution available from AERONET ( Aerosol Robotic Network) and the extinction profile of aerosols from CALIOP ( Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization). Comparison of our results with AM2 ( Atmospheric GCM) simulations reveal that AM2 is largely underestimating organics and black carbon concentrations over this region during all months. Sulfate is also underestimated during most months but, there is an overestimation from May to September. There is a compelling need for improving the aerosol inventories and dust sources over the region in order to make realistic assessment of the impacts of aerosols on the south Asian monsoon. Citation: Ganguly, D., P. Ginoux, V. Ramaswamy, D. M. Winker, B. N. Holben, and S. N. Tripathi (2009), Retrieving the composition and concentration of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic basin using CALIOP and AERONET data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13806, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038315. C1 [Ganguly, Dilip; Ginoux, P.; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab Princeton, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tripathi, S. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Winker, D. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Ganguly, Dilip; Ramaswamy, V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ganguly, D (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab Princeton, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM dilip.ganguly@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Tripathi, Sachchida/J-4840-2016 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L13806 DI 10.1029/2009GL038315 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 466DG UT WOS:000267640400002 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ Zhang, XB AF McPhaden, Michael J. Zhang, Xuebin TI Asymmetry in zonal phase propagation of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; OCEAN AB It is often emphasized in the literature that the phase propagation of El Nino sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies along the equator changed from westward to eastward after a mid-to late-1970s climate regime shift in the Pacific. Theories have been developed to explain this change of phase propagation in terms of changes in background state on which El Nino events develop. Those theories also suggest that the direction of La Nina anomaly phase propagation should have changed from westward to eastward as well. However, the direction of La Nina SST anomaly phase propagation did not change after the mid- to late-1970s. Instead, La Nina SSTs continued to exhibit westward phase propagation along the equator, a feature overlooked in both observational analyses and theories. This paper highlights the asymmetry in zonal phase propagation between El Nino and La Nina sea surface temperature anomalies since 1980 and discusses the implications of that asymmetry for understanding El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. Citation: McPhaden, M. J., and X. Zhang (2009), Asymmetry in zonal phase propagation of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13703, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038774. C1 [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zhang, Xuebin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Xuebin/A-3405-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Zhang, Xuebin/0000-0003-1731-3524; FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX The authors would like thank Fei-Fei Jin and Alexey Fedorov for helpful discussions. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose valuable comments improved the final version of this manuscript. This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office. PMEL publication 3324. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L13703 DI 10.1029/2009GL038774 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 466DG UT WOS:000267640400004 ER PT J AU Liu, HJ Kumar, SK Douglas, JF AF Liu, Hongjun Kumar, Sanat K. Douglas, Jack F. TI Self-Assembly-Induced Protein Crystallization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-BEHAVIOR; NUCLEATION; CRYSTALS; SEPARATION; CLUSTERS; KINETICS; COLLOIDS; GROWTH; FLUIDS; MODEL AB Previous work has established that protein clusters formed inside the liquid-liquid coexistence envelope can facilitate crystal nucleation. However, recent experiments have indicated the existence of clustering-induced protein nucleation even "outside" this phase boundary. Here we simulate a minimal model of patchy particles, which are more representative of anisotropic interprotein interactions, and find that transient clusters formed through self-assembly can nucleate crystal growth even under conditions where a dense protein liquid is thermodynamically unstable. The patchy nature of protein interactions thus greatly facilitates their self-assembly, which then "guides" the subsequent crystal morphology. C1 [Liu, Hongjun; Kumar, Sanat K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, HJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Liu, Hongjun /A-2100-2012 OI Liu, Hongjun /0000-0003-3326-2640 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0313101] FX The authors thank the National Science Foundation (ITR Grant No. DMR-0313101 to S. K. K.) for funding this research. We thank Peter Vekilov (Houston) for many insights and for carefully reading this manuscript. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 1 AR 018101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.018101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 466XH UT WOS:000267697900056 PM 19659179 ER PT J AU Pooser, RC Marino, AM Boyer, V Jones, KM Lett, PD AF Pooser, R. C. Marino, A. M. Boyer, V. Jones, K. M. Lett, P. D. TI Low-Noise Amplification of a Continuous-Variable Quantum State SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION; OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION; CLONING; COMMUNICATION; ENTANGLEMENT; AMPLIFIERS; REDUCTION; CRITERION; SYSTEMS AB We present an experimental realization of a low-noise, phase-insensitive optical amplifier using a four-wave mixing interaction in hot Rb vapor. Performance near the quantum limit for a range of amplifier gains, including near unity, can be achieved. Such low-noise amplifiers are essential for so-called quantum cloning machines and are useful in quantum information protocols. We demonstrate that amplification and "cloning" of one half of a two-mode squeezed state is possible while preserving entanglement. C1 [Pooser, R. C.; Marino, A. M.; Boyer, V.; Lett, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pooser, R. C.; Marino, A. M.; Boyer, V.; Lett, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boyer, V.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, MUARC, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Jones, K. M.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Pooser, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rpooser@nist.gov; paul.lett@nist.gov RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013; OI Pooser, Raphael/0000-0002-2922-453X FU IC postdoctoral research program FX R. C. P. was supported by a grant from the IC postdoctoral research program. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 1 AR 010501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.010501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 466XH UT WOS:000267697900006 PM 19659129 ER PT J AU Karul, A Tan, KT White, CC Hunston, DL Marshall, ST Akgun, B Satija, SK Soles, CL Vogt, BD AF Karul, Alper Tan, Kar Tean White, Christopher C. Hunston, Donald L. Marshall, Steve T. Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushil K. Soles, Christopher L. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Impact of polymer modulus/chain mobility on water accumulation at polymer/metal oxide interfaces SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Moisture; Interfaces; Thin films ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; MOISTURE ABSORPTION; FILMS; ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; EQUIVALENCE; SURFACES; ENERGY AB Moisture is known to accumulate at the interface between polymers and metal oxides, leading to detrimental effects on physical properties such as modulus and adhesion. Direct measurement of the interfacial moisture profile has been carried out with neutron reflectivity, while thickness dependent swelling of a thin film series has also been also utilized to indirectly assess the interfacial moisture content. In this work, the moisture adsorption on the clean surfaces is compared to that observed when the surface is coated with a series of polymer films. The mechanical properties of the polymer appear to impact the quantity of moisture adsorbed at the interface; surprisingly less moisture accumulates at the interface if the coating is rubbery (larger intrinsic mobility of polymer chains). For glassy polymers, the total accumulation at the interface is identical to the adsorption on the clean metal oxide surface. This result potentially provides an understanding of solvent distribution in glassy nanocomposites by measuring moisture adsorption onto the bare filler materials prior to incorporation into the polymer matrix. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Karul, Alper; Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Tan, Kar Tean; White, Christopher C.; Hunston, Donald L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marshall, Steve T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. EM bryan.vogt@asu.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0653989]; Fulton Undergraduate Research Initiative (FURI) at ASU; Science Foundation Arizona (SFAz) FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (CMMI-0653989). AK acknowledges the Fulton Undergraduate Research Initiative (FURI) at ASU and Science Foundation Arizona (SFAz) for providing financial support. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL 3 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 14 BP 3234 EP 3239 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.064 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 468YD UT WOS:000267859700024 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, A Feingold, G Lebsock, MD Jiang, HL Stephens, GL AF Sorooshian, Armin Feingold, Graham Lebsock, Matthew D. Jiang, Hongli Stephens, Graeme L. TI On the precipitation susceptibility of clouds to aerosol perturbations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; TROPICAL RAINFALL; DRIZZLE FORMATION; IMPACT; SMOKE; MICROPHYSICS; SUPPRESSION; CLOUDINESS; MISSION AB Atmospheric aerosol particles act as cloud condensation nuclei, affording them the ability to influence cloud microphysics, planetary albedo, and precipitation. Models of varying complexity and satellite observations from NASA's A-Train constellation of satellites are used to determine what controls the precipitation susceptibility of warm clouds to aerosol perturbations. Three susceptibility regimes are identified: (i) clouds with low liquid water path (LWP) generate very little rain and are least susceptible to aerosol; (ii) clouds with intermediate LWP where aerosol most effectively suppress precipitation; and (iii) clouds with high LWP, where the susceptibility begins to decrease because the precipitation process is efficient owing to abundant liquid water. Remarkable qualitative agreement between remote sensing observations and model predictions provides the first suggestions that certain regions of the Earth might be more vulnerable to pollution aerosol. Targeted pollution control strategies in such regions would most benefit water availability via precipitation. Citation: Sorooshian, A., G. Feingold, M. D. Lebsock, H. Jiang, and G. L. Stephens (2009), On the precipitation susceptibility of clouds to aerosol perturbations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13803, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038993. C1 [Sorooshian, Armin; Feingold, Graham; Jiang, Hongli] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sorooshian, Armin; Jiang, Hongli; Stephens, Graeme L.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lebsock, Matthew D.; Stephens, Graeme L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, JW Harshbarger Bldg,POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU Cooperative Institute for Research; Atmosphere Postdoctoral Research Program and Colorado State University FX A. S. acknowledges support from the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Postdoctoral Research Program and Colorado State University. G. F. and H. J. acknowledge support from NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 33 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L13803 DI 10.1029/2009GL038993 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 466DD UT WOS:000267640000006 ER PT J AU Her, JH Zhou, W Stavila, V Brown, CM Udovic, TJ AF Her, Jae-Hyuk Zhou, Wei Stavila, Vitalie Brown, Craig M. Udovic, Terrence J. TI Role of Cation Size on the Structural Behavior of the Alkali-Metal Dodecahydro-closo-Dodecaborates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; DECOMPOSITION; SYSTEM; LIBH4 AB The last unknown crystal structure among the alkali-metal dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates (A(2)B(12)H(12)) that of Na(2)B(12)H(12), was determined by powder X-ray diffraction. Compared to the structural symmetries of its neighboring, cubic, alkali-metal analogs, i.e., the lighter Li(2)B(12)H(12) (Pa (3) over bar) and the heavier K(2)B(12)H(12) (Fm (3) over bar), Na(2)B(12)H(12) displays an intermediate monoclinic (P2(1)/n) structural arrangement. This result allows us to understand more thoroughly the effect of cation size on the observed structural behavior of this technologically relevant series of compounds. C1 [Her, Jae-Hyuk; Zhou, Wei; Brown, Craig M.; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Her, JH (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jhher@nist.gov RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Stavila, Vitalie/F-4188-2010; Stavila, Vitalie/B-6464-2008; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Stavila, Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU DOE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-AC-04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank Drs. John J. Rush and Nina Verdal for useful discussions. This work was supported by the DOE through Award Nos. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 and DE-AC-04-94AL85000. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 2 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 26 BP 11187 EP 11189 DI 10.1021/jp904980m PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 462CW UT WOS:000267324600003 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EK Fagan, JA Obrzut, J Hudson, SD AF Hobbie, Erik K. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Obrzut, Jan Hudson, Steven D. TI Microscale Polymer-Nanotube Composites SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE single-wall carbon nanotubes; ultracentrifugation; polymer nanocomposites; emulsions; interfacial assembly; conductivity ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; INTERNAL PHASE EMULSIONS; STABILIZED EMULSIONS; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; PICKERING EMULSION; DISPERSION; PARTICLES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACTANTS AB Polymer colloids with an Interfacial coating or purified single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are synthesized from length- and type-sorted SWCNTs, Aqueous nanotube suspensions sorted through density-gradient ultracentrifugation are used to emulsify spherical polymer colloids of microscale dimensions that are characterized through a combination of optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The SWCNT-polymer composite particles exhibit electrical conductivities comparable to or better than those of bulk SWCNT-polymer composites at nanotube loadings of more than I order or magnitude lower. The composite particles retain the unique electronic and Optical characteristics of the parent SWCNT solution with potential applications as microelectronic and microoptical components, C1 [Hobbie, Erik K.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Obrzut, Jan; Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hobbie, EK (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUL PY 2009 VL 1 IS 7 BP 1561 EP 1566 DI 10.1021/am9002205 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 474UX UT WOS:000268310800029 PM 20355961 ER PT J AU Dadosh, T Sperling, J Bryant, GW Breslow, R Shegai, T Dyshel, M Haran, G Bar-Joseph, I AF Dadosh, T. Sperling, J. Bryant, G. W. Breslow, R. Shegai, T. Dyshel, M. Haran, G. Bar-Joseph, I. TI Plasmonic Control of the Shape of the Raman Spectrum of a Single Molecule in a Silver Nanoparticle Dimer SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE surface plasmon; SERS; surface-enhanced Raman scattering; single molecule; dimers; silver colloids; nanoparticles ID SURFACE-ENHANCED-RAMAN; SCATTERING SERS; SPECTROSCOPY; JUNCTIONS; DYNAMICS AB We study surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of individual organic molecules embedded in dimers of two metal nanoparticles. The good control of the dimer preparation process, based on the usage of bifunctional molecules, enables us to study quantitatively the effect of the nanoparticle size on the SERS intensity and spectrum at the single molecule level. We find that as the nanoparticle size increases the total Raman intensity increases and the lower energy Raman modes become dominant. We perform an electromagnetic calculation of the Raman enhancement and show that this behavior can be understood in terms of the overlap between the plasmonic modes of the dimer structure and the Raman spectrum. As the nanoparticle size increases, the plasmonic dipolar mode shifts to longer wavelength and thereby its overlap with the Raman spectrum changes. This suggests that the dimer structure can provide an external control of the emission properties of a single molecule. Indeed, clear and systematic differences are observed between Raman spectra of individual molecules adsorbed on small versus large particles. C1 [Shegai, T.; Haran, G.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Dadosh, T.; Dyshel, M.; Bar-Joseph, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Dadosh, T.; Sperling, J.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Organ Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Bryant, G. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Breslow, R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Haran, G (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM gilad.haran@weizmann.ac.il; israel.bar-joseph@weizmann.ac.il RI Shegai, Timur/B-1207-2011; HARAN, GILAD/K-1489-2012 FU Israel Ministry of Science and Technology; Israel Science foundation FX This work was supported by the Israel Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Israel Science foundation. The electron microscopy studies were conducted at the Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging at the Weizmann Institute of Science. We wish to thank Dr. R. Popovich for assistance in obtaining the TEM images (Figure 2). We also acknowledge the help of Dr. P. Plochocka in the early stage of this project, and Dr. I. W. Tam in synthesizing the polythiophene molecules. NR 23 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2009 VL 3 IS 7 BP 1988 EP 1994 DI 10.1021/nn900422w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 474UZ UT WOS:000268311000047 PM 19534506 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Sung, LP Forster, AM Hu, HQ Cheng, YJ Lin, NJ AF Lin-Gibson, Sheng Sung, Lipiin Forster, Aaron M. Hu, Haiqing Cheng, Yajun Lin, Nancy J. TI Effects of filler type and content on mechanical properties of photopolymerizable composites measured across two-dimensional combinatorial arrays SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Combinatorial; Composite; Cytotoxicity; Nanoindentation; Scratch test ID SCRATCH RESISTANCE; DENTAL COMPOSITES; POLYMER-COATINGS; NANOINDENTATION; SURFACE AB Multicomponent formulations coupled with complex processing conditions govern the final properties of photopolymerizable dental composites. In this study, a single test substrate was fabricated to support multiple formulations with a gradient in degree of conversion (DC), allowing the evaluation of multiple processing conditions and formulations on one specimen. Mechanical properties and damage response were evaluated as a function of filler type/content and irradiation. DC, surface roughness, modulus, hardness, scratch deformation and cytotoxicity were quantified using techniques including near-infrared spectroscopy, laser confocal scanning microscopy, depth-sensing indentation, scratch testing and cell viability. Scratch parameters (depth, width, percent recovery) were correlated to composite modulus and hardness. Total filler content, nanofiller and irradiation time/intensity all affected the final properties, with the dominant factor for improved properties being a higher DC. This combinatorial platform accelerates the screening of dental composites through the direct comparison of properties and processing conditions across the same sample. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Cheng, Yajun; Lin, Nancy J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sung, Lipiin; Forster, Aaron M.; Hu, Haiqing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov OI Cheng, Ya-Jun/0000-0002-0932-295X FU NIDCR/NIST Interagency Agreement [Y1-DE-7005-01.] FX Financial support was provided through an NIDCR/NIST Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01. The dental resins and fillers were kindly donated by Esstech Inc. and L.D. Caulk Company, respectively. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 2084 EP 2094 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.01.043 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 461XS UT WOS:000267307900026 PM 19282260 ER PT J AU Lawn, BR Lee, JJW AF Lawn, Brian R. Lee, James J-W. TI Analysis of fracture and deformation modes in teeth subjected to occlusal loading SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Teeth; Enamel; Dentin; Yield deformation; Radial-median fracture ID LAYER STRUCTURES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRITTLE COATINGS; DENTAL CROWNS; HUMAN ENAMEL; FAILURE; INDENTATION; CERAMICS; DAMAGE; EVOLUTION AB An analysis of fracture and deformation modes in tooth enamel subjected to occlusal loading is presented. Several competing modes are identified: deformation by yield beneath the indenter; median cracking from the ensuing plastic zone and analogous radial cracking from the dentin-enamel junction along the load axis; and margin cracking from the cervical enamel-cement junction. The analysis, based on a simple model of tooth geometry, presents relations for the critical loads to initiate these damage modes within the enamel, and to drive ensuing cracks longitudinally around the tooth walls to failure. The relations are explicit in their dependence on characteristic tooth dimensions - enamel thickness and cuspal radius - and on material properties - modulus, hardness, toughness and strength. Provision is made to incorporate properties of the occlusal contact, whether from opposing dentition or intervening food particles. All these features are demonstrated on critical-load master diagrams. A characteristic feature of the damage evolution is the gradual evolution of each mode with increasing load, so that failure is generally a prolonged rather than abrupt event. This accounts for the remarkable damage tolerance of natural teeth. The equations may enable basic predictions of tooth responses for humans and animals under a variety of specified dietary and functional conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Lawn, Brian R.; Lee, James J-W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov NR 42 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 2213 EP 2221 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.02.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 461XS UT WOS:000267307900040 PM 19268644 ER PT J AU Hodgkins, K AF Hodgkins, Ken TI Ken Hodgkins SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hodgkins, Ken] NOAA, NESDIS, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 476CP UT WOS:000268415400009 ER PT J AU Vrettos, JS Meuse, CW AF Vrettos, John S. Meuse, Curtis W. TI Infrared techniques for quantifying protein structural stability SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Infrared; Protein; Stability; Amide hydrogen exchange; Ligand binding ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROGEN-EXCHANGE; H/D EXCHANGE; CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; CYTOCHROME-C; GUANIDINE-HYDROCHLORIDE; N-METHYLACETAMIDE; LIGAND BINDING; SPECTROSCOPY AB Biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and regulatory agencies require novel methods to determine the structural stabilities of proteins and the integrity of protein-protein, protein-ligand, and protein-membrane interactions that can be applied to a variety of sample states and environments. Infrared spectroscopy is a favorable method for a number of reasons: it is adequately sensitive to minimal sample amounts and is not limited by the molecular weight of the sample; yields spectra that are simple to evaluate; does not require protein modifications, a special supporting matrix, or internal standard; and is applicable to soluble and membrane proteins. In this paper, we investigate the application of infrared spectroscopy to the quantification of protein structural stability by measuring the extent of amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange in buffers containing D(2)O for proteins in solution and interacting with ligands and lipid membranes. We report the thermodynamic stability of several protein preparations, including chick egg-white lysozyme, trypsin bound by benzamidine inhibitors, and cytochrome c interacting with lipid membranes of varying net-negative Surface charge density. The results demonstrate that infrared spectroscopy can be used to compare protein stability as determined by amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange for a variety of cases. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vrettos, John S.; Meuse, Curtis W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Meuse, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM curtis.meuse@nist.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-AI07-97ER62518] FX Funding for J.S.V. was provided by a National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship. Support for C.W.M. provided by the Environmental Management Science Program of the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AI07-97ER62518 (Project No. 73844, a continuation of No. 60231) is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, we acknowledge Professor Terry Oas and Professor John Carpenter for conversations about how to interpret our data. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 390 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2009.03.030 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 452XD UT WOS:000266573600002 PM 19327337 ER PT J AU Szakal, C Brewer, TM AF Szakal, Christopher Brewer, Tim M. TI Analysis and Mechanisms of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine Ion Formation in Desorption Electrospray Ionization SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; TRACE DETECTION; EXPLOSIVES; RDX; SURFACES; MODEL; DIMER AB The general ion chemistry of the explosive molecule cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) was studied with an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (API-MS) fitted with a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source. Explosive molecule chemistry within trace detection techniques such as ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an area of intense interest because of the widespread deployment of IMS-based explosive detectors for counterterrorism efforts. As in IMS, the DESI-MS experiments analyze material that starts in the solid phase and is detected in the gas phase. Using the unique chemical characterization inherent in mass spectrometry, information pertinent to the atmospheric ionization of RDX is obtained in order to help explain the behavior of explosive molecule signatures observed within IMS experiments. Qualitative and quantitative information was obtained over 3 orders of magnitude of deposited mass (nanograms to greater than micrograms). A method was developed to use the relative integrated mass spectral peak intensities of RDX monomer and dimer chloride adducts to determine the amount of explosive present on a surface. The ratio of RDX dimer chloride adduct to monomer chloride adduct ranged from 0.1 for 15 ng to 1.0 for 1.5 mu g of deposited explosive. The results are explained in terms of mechanisms reported in the literature for electrospray ionization (ESI), as well its by simple solution dynamics and the interaction chemistry between RDX molecules, On the basis of all available data, the RDX dimer chloride adduct becomes disproportionately favored over the monomer chloride adduct at larger amounts of explosive because of effects related to desorbed droplet charge, solvent declustering, and the strong intermolecular forces between RDX molecules in the solid, liquid, and gas phases. Additionally, considerations for optimization of the DESI-MS process are described in order to increase the practicality for this technique as an explosives detection tool in the public domain. C1 [Szakal, Christopher; Brewer, Tim M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Szakal, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cszakal@nist.gov FU The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology; Transportation Security Laboratory; Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors thank Dr. Greg Gillen and Robert Fletcher for their insightful discussions of the manuscript material and The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology, Transportation Security Laboratory, for sponsoring the production of this material under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 13 BP 5257 EP 5266 DI 10.1021/ac900467r PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 465TD UT WOS:000267609500022 PM 19514715 ER PT J AU Morris, TA Peterson, AW Tarlov, MJ AF Morris, Todd A. Peterson, Alexander W. Tarlov, Michael J. TI Selective Binding of RNase B Glycoforms by Polydopamine-Immobilized Concanavalin A SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLY(L-LYSINE) MONOLAYERS; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LECTIN MICROARRAY; RIBONUCLEASE-B; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEINS; STRATEGY AB Glycoanalysis is important in the manufacture and quality control of protein therapeutics. An emerging method for glycoanalysis is the use of lectin arrays. Critical to the performance of these arrays is the immobilization of lectin molecules. Polydopamine has recently been shown to adsorb to a wide variety of surfaces. In this study, polydopamine (pDA) was used to modify gold, indium, and iridium surfaces and promote the adhesion of the a-mannose-specific lectin concanavalin A (Con A). The activity of the surface-bound lectin was demonstrated with the a-mannose-presenting glycoprotein ribonuclease B (RNase B). Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPRS) was used to demonstrate the selective affinity of RNase B for Con A. Surface-MALDI-TOF MS experiments revealed that the affinity of polydopamine-immobilized Con A for the glycoforms of RNase B is significantly affected by slight variations in oligosaccharide structure and composition. Specifically, surface-bound Con A binds certain Man7, Man8, and Man9 RNase B glycoforms more strongly than Man5 and Man6 glycoforms. C1 [Morris, Todd A.; Peterson, Alexander W.; Tarlov, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morris, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM todd.morris@nist.gov FU NRC-RAP/NIST FX T.M. thanks Christopher (Chip) Montgomery for the preparation of the iridium substrates and Wei-Li Liao and Larik Turko for the use of the MALDI-TOF MS instrument. T.M. also acknowledges a NRC-RAP/NIST postdoctoral fellowship for funding. NR 48 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 13 BP 5413 EP 5420 DI 10.1021/ac900715d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 465TD UT WOS:000267609500041 PM 19514701 ER PT J AU Petrelli, L Kearsley, AJ AF Petrelli, Luca Kearsley, Anthony J. TI Wasserstein metric convergence method for Fokker-Planck equations with point controls SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Wasserstein distance; Fokker-Planck equations; Gradient free minimization; Nonlinear diffusion equations; Point controls AB Monge-Kantorovich mass transfer theory is employed to obtain an existence and uniqueness result for solutions to Fokker-Planck Equations with time dependent point control. Existence for an approximate problem is established together with a convergence analysis in the Wasserstein distance through equivalence with weak-* convergence. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Petrelli, Luca] Mt St Marys Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Emmitsburg, MD 21727 USA. [Kearsley, Anthony J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petrelli, L (reprint author), Mt St Marys Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Emmitsburg, MD 21727 USA. EM petrelli@msmary.edu; ajk@cam.nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-9659 J9 APPL MATH LETT JI Appl. Math. Lett. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1130 EP 1135 DI 10.1016/j.aml.2008.10.003 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 456ZP UT WOS:000266894100032 ER PT J AU Lee, DS Fahey, DW Forster, PM Newton, PJ Wit, RCN Lim, LL Owen, B Sausen, R AF Lee, David S. Fahey, David W. Forster, Piers M. Newton, Peter J. Wit, Ron C. N. Lim, Ling L. Owen, Bethan Sausen, Robert TI Aviation and global climate change in the 21st century SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aviation; Aviation emissions; Aviation trends; Climate change; Radiative forcing; Contrails; Aviation-induced cirrus; IPCC; AR4; Climate change mitigation; Climate change adaptation ID AIRCRAFT NOX EMISSIONS; CIRRUS CLOUD FORMATION; ICE SUPERSATURATION; IMPACT; CONTRAILS; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; COVER; CO2; TECHNOLOGY AB Aviation emissions contribute to the radiative forcing (RF) of climate. Of importance are emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) nitrogen oxides (NO.), aerosols and their precursors (soot and sulphate), and increased cloudiness in the form of persistent linear contrails and induced-cirrus cloudiness. The recent Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) quantified aviation's RF contribution for 2005 based upon 2000 operations data. Aviation has grown strongly over the past years, despite world-changing events in the early 2000s; the average annual passenger traffic growth rate was 5.3% yr(-1) between 2000 and 2007, resulting in an increase of passenger traffic of 38%. Presented here are updated values of aviation RF for 2005 based upon new operations data that show an increase in traffic of 22.5%, fuel use of 8.4% and total aviation RF of 14% (excluding induced-cirrus enhancement) over the period 2000-2005. The lack of physical process models and adequate observational data for aviation-induced cirrus effects limit confidence in quantifying their RF contribution. Total aviation RF (excluding induced cirrus) in 2005 was similar to 55 mW m(-2) (23-87 mW m(-2), 90% likelihood range), which was 3.5% (range 1.3-10%. 90% likelihood range) of total anthropogenic forcing. Including estimates for aviation-induced cirrus RF increases the total aviation RF in 2005-78 mW m(-2) (38-139 mW m(-2), 90% likelihood range), which represents 4.9% of total anthropogenic forcing (2-14%, 90% likelihood range). Future scenarios of aviation emissions for 2050 that are consistent with IPCC SIZES A1 and B2 scenario assumptions have been presented that show an increase of fuel usage by factors of 2.7-3.9 over 2000. Simplified calculations of total aviation RF in 2050 indicate increases by factors of 3.0-4.0 over the 2000 value, representing 4-4.7% of total RF (excluding induced cirrus). An examination of a range of future technological options shows that substantive reductions in aviation fuel usage are possible only with the introduction of radical technologies. Incorporation of aviation into an emissions trading system offers the potential for overall (i.e., beyond the aviation sector) CO2 emissions reductions. Proposals exist for introduction of such a system at a European level, but no agreement has been reached at a global level. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, David S.; Lim, Ling L.; Owen, Bethan] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dalton Res Inst, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England. [Fahey, David W.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Forster, Piers M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Wit, Ron C. N.] Nat Milieu, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Sausen, Robert] Inst Atmospher Phys, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Lee, DS (reprint author), Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dalton Res Inst, John Dalton Bldg,Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England. EM d.s.Lee@mmu.ac.uk RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171; Lim, Ling/0000-0002-6435-9683 FU United Kingdom Department for Transport; European Commission Sixth Framework Project 'QUANTIFY' [003893-GOCE]; Higher Education Innovation Fund for England project 'Omega'; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program (ACCP) FX This work was supported by the United Kingdom Department for Transport, the European Commission Sixth Framework Project 'QUANTIFY' (contract no 003893-GOCE, http://ip-quntify.eu) and the Higher Education Innovation Fund for England project 'Omega' (http://www.omega.mi-nu.ac.uk). DF/NOAA is supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program (ACCP). We would also like to thank Professor Bernd K rcher of DLR and a reviewer for extensive and constructive comments. Dr Christine Bickerstaff of Airbus UK was extremely helpful in providing Airbus data (Fig. 9). The views presented here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their respective organizations. NR 89 TC 274 Z9 277 U1 14 U2 105 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 43 IS 22-23 BP 3520 EP 3537 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.024 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 470GX UT WOS:000267964300011 ER PT J AU Stensrud, DJ Yussouf, N Dowell, DC Coniglio, MC AF Stensrud, David J. Yussouf, Nusrat Dowell, David C. Coniglio, Michael C. TI Assimilating surface data into a mesoscale model ensemble: Cold pool analyses from spring 2007 SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Severe Storms (ECSS) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Trieste, ITALY SP Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Data assimilation; Surface observations; Mesoscale analysis; Cold pools ID KALMAN FILTER; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; INITIAL CONDITION; SQUALL-LINE; SIMULATIONS; RAINFALL; FEATURES AB Hourly mesoscale analyses are created through an ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of 2-m potential temperature, 2-m dewpoint temperature, and 10-m wind observations into the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) model using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) framework. Hourly analyses are created from 1300 UTC to 0600 UTC each day from 15 March through 30 June 2007. Two cases in which a distinct isolated mesoscale convective system is seen in observations are selected for further examination. Results indicate that the ensemble mean surface analyses reproduce the surface mesoscale features associated with cold pools underneath these precipitating systems in agreement with available observations. However, the ensemble Kalman filter also is able to produce vertical motion fields and vertical structures within and above the boundary layer that are consistent with these observed surface features. in particular, a rear inflow jet is produced at roughly 1 km above ground level behind the main convective line along with an "onion" sounding along the back edge of the trailing stratiform precipitation region near a surface mesolow. Both of these structures are known to be associated with MCSs and the ability of the ensemble Kalman filter assimilation to produce these important mesoscale features is encouraging. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stensrud, David J.; Yussouf, Nusrat; Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yussouf, Nusrat; Coniglio, Michael C.] Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Dowell, David C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Rm 4368,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM David.Stensrud@noaa.gov RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015; OI Yussouf, Nusrat/0000-0003-4998-1770 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.009 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 467MV UT WOS:000267743900020 ER PT J AU Brooks, HE AF Brooks, Harold E. TI Proximity soundings for severe convection for Europe and the United States from reanalysis data SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Severe Storms (ECSS) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Trieste, ITALY SP Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Severe thunderstorms; Proximity soundings; Reanalysis data ID PARAMETERS; ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY AB Proximity soundings from reanalysis data have been created for significant severe thunderstorms in the United States and Europe, along with corresponding soundings not associated with severe thunderstorms. The probability of a combination of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and deep tropospheric wind shear being associated with significant severe thunderstorms has been calculated for both areas. Probabilities of significant severe storms are higher for high CAPE and shear in Europe, but those large scale environmental conditions are experienced much more frequently in the US, so that the overall number of events is much higher in the US. Probabilities of significant storms are approximately constant for constant values of CAPE*Shear for each of the datasets. High values of 0-1 km wind shear and low lifted condensation levels are associated with higher probabilities that significant severe thunderstorms will be associated with significant tornadoes. A subset of the US data, taken from the southeastern US in the cool season, produces probabilities that are much closer to the European values than the overall US data. The environments also are closer to European values with relatively low CAPE and low lifted condensation levels. From the southeastern US data, it is shown that the probability of severe convection occurring with moderate values of CAPE*Shear is much higher in the cool season than in the warm season. It is suggested that the higher probabilities result from stronger synoptic forcing and stronger and more frequent boundaries to initiate convection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Brooks, HE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM harold.brooks@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 546 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.005 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 467MV UT WOS:000267743900051 ER PT J AU Doswell, CA Brooks, HE Dotzek, N AF Doswell, Charles A., III Brooks, Harold E. Dotzek, Nikolai TI On the implementation of the enhanced Fujita scale in the USA SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Severe Storms (ECSS) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Trieste, ITALY SP Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Tornado; F-scale; EF-scale; Intensity distribution ID TORNADO INTENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; DOPPLER RADAR; CLIMATOLOGY; VORTICES; DAMAGE; CLASSIFICATION; DOWNBURSTS; OKLAHOMA; ISSUES AB The history of tornado intensity rating in the United States of America (USA), pioneered by T. Fujita, is reviewed, showing that non-meteorological changes in the climatology of the tornado intensity ratings are likely, raising questions about the temporal (and spatial) consistency of the ratings. Although the Fujita scale (F-scale) originally was formulated as a peak wind speed scale for tornadoes, it necessarily has been implemented using damage to estimate the wind speed. Complexities of the damage-wind speed relationship are discussed. Recently, the Fujita scale has been replaced in the USA as the official system for rating tornado intensity by the so-called Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-scale). Several features of the new rating system are reviewed and discussed in the context of a proposed set of desirable features of a tornado intensity rating system. It is concluded that adoption of the EF-scale in the USA may have been premature, especially if it is to serve as a model for how to rate tornado intensity outside of the USA. This is in large part because its degree of damage measures used for estimating wind speeds are based on USA-specific construction practices. It is also concluded that the USA's tornado intensity rating system has been compromised by secular changes in how the F-scale has been applied, most recently by the adoption of the EF-scale. Several recommendations are offered as possible ways to help develop an improved rating system that will be applicable worldwide. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Doswell, Charles A., III] Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Dotzek, Nikolai] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Dotzek, Nikolai] ESSL, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. RP Doswell, CA (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM cdoswell@gcn.ou.edu RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 38 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 554 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.11.003 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 467MV UT WOS:000267743900052 ER PT J AU Marsh, PT Brooks, HE Karoly, DJ AF Marsh, Patrick T. Brooks, Harold E. Karoly, David J. TI Preliminary investigation into the severe thunderstorm environment of Europe simulated by the Community Climate System Model 3 SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Severe Storms (ECSS) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Trieste, ITALY SP Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Climatologies; Severe convection; Climate variability ID UNITED-STATES; REANALYSIS; PARAMETERS AB Seasonal cycles of parameters conducive for the development of severe thunderstorms were computed using 20 years of output from the Community Climate System Model v3 (CCSM3) for both a 20th century simulation and a 21st century simulation. These parameters were compared against parameters calculated from the NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis data, which are of similar resolution. The CCSM3's current simulation produced seasonal and spatial distributions of both mean CAPE and favorable severe environments that were qualitatively similar to the NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis, although the CCSM3 underestimates the frequency of severe thunderstorm environments. Preliminary comparisons of the CCSM3's 21st century simulation under the IPCC's A2 emissions scenario to the 20th century simulation indicated a slight increase in mean CAPE in the cool season and a slight decrease in the warm season and little change in mean wind shear. However, there was a small increase in favorable severe environments for most locations resulting from an increase in the joint occurrence of high CAPE and high deep layer shear. Regions near the Mediterranean Sea experienced the biggest increase in both mean CAPE and favorable severe environments, regions near the Faeroe Islands experienced an increase in only seasonal mean CAPE, and regions across northern Europe experienced little change. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marsh, Patrick T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73071 USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73071 USA. [Karoly, David J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Marsh, PT (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73071 USA. EM patrick.marsh@ou.edu RI Karoly, David/C-8262-2011 OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 607 EP 618 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.09.014 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 467MV UT WOS:000267743900056 ER PT J AU Cronin, MF Legg, S Zuidema, P AF Cronin, Meghan F. Legg, Sonya Zuidema, Paquita TI BEST PRACTICES FOR PROCESS STUDIES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Legg, Sonya] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zuidema, Paquita] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Cronin, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Meghan.F.Cronin@noaa.gov RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013 OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 90 IS 7 BP 917 EP 918 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2622.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 482OH UT WOS:000268898100001 ER PT J AU Rudack, DE AF Rudack, David E. TI Aviation Weather Observations vs. LAMP Forecasts with the Onset of Precipitation SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rudack, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM David.Rudack@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 90 IS 7 BP 929 EP 938 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2709.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 482OH UT WOS:000268898100002 ER PT J AU Keighton, S Lee, L Holloway, B Hotz, D Zubrick, S Hovis, J Votaw, G Perry, LB Lackmann, G Yuter, SE Konrad, C Miller, D Etherton, B AF Keighton, Steve Lee, Laurence Holloway, Blair Hotz, David Zubrick, Steven Hovis, Jeffrey Votaw, Gary Perry, L. Baker Lackmann, Gary Yuter, Sandra E. Konrad, Charles Miller, Douglas Etherton, Brian TI A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO STUDY NORTHWEST FLOW SNOW IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADAR; TRAJECTORIES; TOPOGRAPHY; WEATHER; SIZE; RAIN C1 [Keighton, Steve] Natl Weather Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Lee, Laurence; Holloway, Blair] Natl Weather Serv, Greenville, SC USA. [Hotz, David] Natl Weather Serv, Morristown, TN USA. [Zubrick, Steven] Natl Weather Serv, Sterling, VA USA. [Hovis, Jeffrey] Natl Weather Serv, Charleston, WV USA. [Votaw, Gary] Natl Weather Serv, Jackson, KY USA. [Perry, L. Baker] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Lackmann, Gary; Yuter, Sandra E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Konrad, Charles] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Miller, Douglas] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Etherton, Brian] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Keighton, S (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 1750 Forecast Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM stephen.keighton@noaa.gov RI Etherton, Brian/E-7419-2015; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015 OI Etherton, Brian/0000-0002-2760-0095; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X FU National Science Foundation [ATM- 0544766, ATM-0342691]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA-07WA0206, NA03NWS4680007, NA07NWS4680002]; University of North Carolina General Administration Research Competitiveness Fund FX (Disclaimer: Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by the National Weather Service. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized.) NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 90 IS 7 BP 979 EP 991 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2591.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 482OH UT WOS:000268898100006 ER PT J AU Menne, MJ Williams, CN Vose, RS AF Menne, Matthew J. Williams, Claude N., Jr. Vose, Russell S. TI THE US HISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY NETWORK MONTHLY TEMPERATURE DATA, VERSION 2 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OBSERVATION TIME; UNITED-STATES; METADATA; STATIONS; SERIES; BIAS AB New bias adjustments reduce uncertainty in temperature trends for the United States. C1 [Menne, Matthew J.; Williams, Claude N., Jr.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Menne, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, NCDC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM matthew.menne@noaa.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI0296ER62276] FX The authors wish to thank Anthony Watts for his considerable efforts in documenting the current site characteristics of U.S. HCN stations. The authors also thank Tom Peterson, Tami Houston, and three anonymous reviewers whose helpful comments greatly improved this manuscript. Partial support for this work was provided by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy (Grant DE-AI0296ER62276). NR 32 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 90 IS 7 BP 993 EP 1007 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2613.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 482OH UT WOS:000268898100007 ER PT J AU Stierhoff, KL Targett, TE Power, JH AF Stierhoff, Kevin L. Targett, Timothy E. Power, James H. TI Hypoxia-induced growth limitation of juvenile fishes in an estuarine nursery: assessment of small-scale temporal dynamics using RNA:DNA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; ASSESS HABITAT QUALITY; WINTER FLOUNDER; ATLANTIC COD; DNA RATIO; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; INTRINSIC GROWTH; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; NORTH-CAROLINA AB The ratio of RNA to DNA (RNA:DNA) in white muscle tissue of juvenile summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) was used as a proxy for recent growth rate in an estuarine nursery. Variability in RNA:DNA was examined relative to temporal changes in temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO). Initial laboratory experiments indicated (i) a strong positive relationship between RNA:DNA and growth rate, (ii) a rapid response of RNA:DNA to changes in feeding, and (iii) no effect of hypoxia on the relationship between RNA:DNA and growth rate (tested in weakfish only). Diel cycling DO occurred in the nursery throughout the summers of 2002 and 2003. Canonical correlation analysis of field data indicated a strong positive relationship between RNA:DNA and mean DO conditions prior to capture in both species. Correlations were weak or insignificant between stomach content mass (an index of feeding) and mean DO and between RNA:DNA and stomach content mass and DO variability. These results suggest a strong functional relationship between DO concentration and the growth rate of juvenile fishes in an estuarine nursery. Furthermore, growth rates of wild-caught fishes (estimated from RNA:DNA) appear to be more negatively impacted by diel cycling hypoxia than would be expected from published laboratory data. C1 [Stierhoff, Kevin L.; Targett, Timothy E.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Power, James H.] US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stierhoff, KL (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM kevin.stierhoff@noaa.gov RI Stierhoff, Kevin/A-7624-2013; Power, James/A-1977-2010 OI Stierhoff, Kevin/0000-0002-3058-0312; Power, James/0000-0001-7745-798X FU Delaware Sea Grant Program; NOAA; US Department of Commerce [NA16RG0162-03 (Project R/F-21), NA03OAR4170011 (Project R/F-23)] FX The authors thank D. Brady, R. Tyler, S. Brown, and D. Tuzzolino for their assistance throughout this study. We also thank B. Ciotti and E. Caldarone (NOAA Fisheries) for their valuable insight and support with the quantification of nucleic acids. We thank P. Gaffney for guidance with experimental design and statistical analyses. P. Grecay, J. Rice, and several anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This research was supported by funding from the Delaware Sea Grant Program, NOAA, US Department of Commerce, under grant numbers NA16RG0162-03 (Project R/F-21) and NA03OAR4170011 (Project R/F-23) to T.E.T. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1033 EP 1047 DI 10.1139/F09-066 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 469CY UT WOS:000267874300003 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD Mohr, PJ Tan, JN Wundt, BJ AF Jentschura, Ulrich D. Mohr, Peter J. Tan, Joseph N. Wundt, Benedikt J. TI Fundamental constants and tests of theory in Rydberg states of hydrogenlike ions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems CY JUL 21-26, 2008 CL Univ Windsor, Windsor, CANADA HO Univ Windsor ID ENERGY-LEVELS; RECOIL CORRECTIONS; LAMB SHIFT; PRECISION; SYSTEMS; FIELD AB A comparison of precision frequency measurements to quantum electrodynamic (QED) theoretical predictions can be used to test theory and to obtain information regarding fundamental constants. We find that for Rydberg states, theoretical uncertainties due to the problematic nuclear size correction are very small. With the help of QED calculations, the largest remaining source of uncertainty can be eliminated. Theoretical predictions, taking advantage of the latest theoretical results, in combination with planned experiments, can lead to an improved value for the Rydberg constant. C1 [Jentschura, Ulrich D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Mohr, Peter J.; Tan, Joseph N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wundt, Benedikt J.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM ulj@mst.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 87 IS 7 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.1139/P08-118 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 510GP UT WOS:000271076400004 ER PT J AU Wang, B Lee, JY Kang, IS Shukla, J Park, CK Kumar, A Schemm, J Cocke, S Kug, JS Luo, JJ Zhou, T Wang, B Fu, X Yun, WT Alves, O Jin, EK Kinter, J Kirtman, B Krishnamurti, T Lau, NC Lau, W Liu, P Pegion, P Rosati, T Schubert, S Stern, W Suarez, M Yamagata, T AF Wang, Bin Lee, June-Yi Kang, In-Sik Shukla, J. Park, C. -K. Kumar, A. Schemm, J. Cocke, S. Kug, J. -S. Luo, J. -J. Zhou, T. Wang, B. Fu, X. Yun, W. -T. Alves, O. Jin, E. K. Kinter, J. Kirtman, B. Krishnamurti, T. Lau, N. C. Lau, W. Liu, P. Pegion, P. Rosati, T. Schubert, S. Stern, W. Suarez, M. Yamagata, T. TI Advance and prospectus of seasonal prediction: assessment of the APCC/CliPAS 14-model ensemble retrospective seasonal prediction (1980-2004) SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; EL-NINO; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; INDIAN-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FORECAST SYSTEM; BOREAL-SUMMER; ECONOMIC VALUE; DIPOLE MODE AB We assessed current status of multi-model ensemble (MME) deterministic and probabilistic seasonal prediction based on 25-year (1980-2004) retrospective forecasts performed by 14 climate model systems (7 one-tier and 7 two-tier systems) that participate in the Climate Prediction and its Application to Society (CliPAS) project sponsored by the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center (APCC). We also evaluated seven DEMETER models' MME for the period of 1981-2001 for comparison. Based on the assessment, future direction for improvement of seasonal prediction is discussed. We found that two measures of probabilistic forecast skill, the Brier Skill Score (BSS) and Area under the Relative Operating Characteristic curve (AROC), display similar spatial patterns as those represented by temporal correlation coefficient (TCC) score of deterministic MME forecast. A TCC score of 0.6 corresponds approximately to a BSS of 0.1 and an AROC of 0.7 and beyond these critical threshold values, they are almost linearly correlated. The MME method is demonstrated to be a valuable approach for reducing errors and quantifying forecast uncertainty due to model formulation. The MME prediction skill is substantially better than the averaged skill of all individual models. For instance, the TCC score of CliPAS one-tier MME forecast of NiA +/- o 3.4 index at a 6-month lead initiated from 1 May is 0.77, which is significantly higher than the corresponding averaged skill of seven individual coupled models (0.63). The MME made by using 14 coupled models from both DEMETER and CliPAS shows an even higher TCC score of 0.87. Effectiveness of MME depends on the averaged skill of individual models and their mutual independency. For probabilistic forecast the CliPAS MME gains considerable skill from increased forecast reliability as the number of model being used increases; the forecast resolution also increases for 2 m temperature but slightly decreases for precipitation. Equatorial Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies are primary sources of atmospheric climate variability worldwide. The MME 1-month lead hindcast can predict, with high fidelity, the spatial-temporal structures of the first two leading empirical orthogonal modes of the equatorial SST anomalies for both boreal summer (JJA) and winter (DJF), which account for about 80-90% of the total variance. The major bias is a westward shift of SST anomaly between the dateline and 120A degrees E, which may potentially degrade global teleconnection associated with it. The TCC score for SST predictions over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean reaches about 0.68 with a 6-month lead forecast. However, the TCC score for Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index drops below 0.40 at a 3-month lead for both the May and November initial conditions due to the prediction barriers across July, and January, respectively. The MME prediction skills are well correlated with the amplitude of NiA +/- o 3.4 SST variation. The forecasts for 2 m air temperature are better in El NiA +/- o years than in La NiA +/- a years. The precipitation and circulation are predicted better in ENSO-decaying JJA than in ENSO-developing JJA. There is virtually no skill in ENSO-neutral years. Continuing improvement of the one-tier climate model's slow coupled dynamics in reproducing realistic amplitude, spatial patterns, and temporal evolution of ENSO cycle is a key for long-lead seasonal forecast. Forecast of monsoon precipitation remains a major challenge. The seasonal rainfall predictions over land and during local summer have little skill, especialy over tropical Africa. The differences in forecast skills over land areas between the CliPAS and DEMETER MMEs indicate potentials for further improvement of prediction over land. There is an urgent need to assess impacts of land surface initialization on the skill of seasonal and monthly forecast using a multi-model framework. C1 [Wang, Bin; Lee, June-Yi; Fu, X.; Liu, P.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, IPRC, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Bin; Lee, June-Yi; Fu, X.; Liu, P.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, IPRC, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kang, In-Sik; Kug, J. -S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Shukla, J.; Jin, E. K.; Kinter, J.; Kirtman, B.] George Mason Univ, Climate Dynam Program, Calverton, MD USA. [Shukla, J.; Jin, E. K.; Kinter, J.; Kirtman, B.] COLA, Calverton, MD USA. [Park, C. -K.] APEC Climate Ctr, Pusan, South Korea. [Kumar, A.; Schemm, J.] Climate Predict Ctr NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Cocke, S.; Krishnamurti, T.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Luo, J. -J.; Yamagata, T.] Frontier Res Ctr Global Chnage, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Zhou, T.; Wang, B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yun, W. -T.] Korean Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea. [Alves, O.] Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melburne, Vic, Australia. [Lau, N. C.; Rosati, T.; Stern, W.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lau, W.; Pegion, P.; Schubert, S.; Suarez, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yamagata, T.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. RP Wang, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, IPRC, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM wangbin@hawaii.edu RI Yamagata, Toshio/A-1807-2009; Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012; Lee, June-Yi/D-5752-2012; KUG, JONG-SEONG/A-8053-2013; Wang, Bin/P-9121-2014; Wang, Bin/D-9724-2012; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015; ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012 OI Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; Wang, Bin/0000-0001-7374-3786; Wang, Bin/0000-0002-3133-7197; ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279 FU APEC Climate Center (APCC); IPRC; JAMSTEC; NOAA; NASA FX This study is supported by APEC Climate Center (APCC). Wang and Lee acknowledge support from IPRC, which is in part supported by JAMSTEC, NOAA and NASA. This is the SOEST publication number 7543 and IPRC publication number 548. NR 77 TC 165 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 93 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s00382-008-0460-0 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 448MK UT WOS:000266266500007 ER PT J AU Xiao, Y Gao, XG Maragh, S Telford, WG Tona, A AF Xiao, Yan Gao, Xiugong Maragh, Samantha Telford, William G. Tona, Alessandro TI Cell Lines as Candidate Reference Materials for Quality Control of ERBB2 Amplification and Expression Assays in Breast Cancer SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HER-2/NEU EXPRESSION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; HER2; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; QUANTITATION; C-ERBB-2; STANDARD; DISEASE; N9831 AB BACK(;ROUND: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important biomarker whose status plays a pivotal role in therapeutic decision-making for breast cancer patients and in determining their clinical outcomes. Ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of HER2 assays by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) requires a reliable standard for monitoring assay sensitivity and specificity, and for assessing methodologic variation. A prior NIST workshop addressed this need by reaching a consensus to create cell lines as reference materials for HER2 testing. METHODS: Breast carcinoma cell lines SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 were characterized quantitatively by IHC with chicken anti-HER2 IgY antibody and by FISH with biotinylated bacterial artificial chromosome DNA probes; both assays used quantum dots as detectors. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cell blocks were prepared and tested for suitability as candidate reference materials by IHC and FISH with commercially available reagents. IHC and FISH results were also compared with those obtained by laser-scanning cytometry and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS: MCF-7 cells had typical numbers of gene copies and very low production of HER2 protein, whereas SK-BR-3 cells contained approximately 10-fold more copies of the gene and exhibited approximately 15-fold higher amounts of HER2 protein than MCF-7 cells. FFPE SK-BR-3 cells showed results similar to those for fresh SK-BR-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS: SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 are suitable as candidate reference materials in QC of HER2 testing. Coupled with the associated assay platforms, they provide valuable controls for quantitative measurement of HER2 amplification and production in breast cancer samples, irrespective of the antibody/probe or detector used. (C) 2009 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Xiao, Yan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, DNA Measurements Grp, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tona, Alessandro] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Arlington, VA USA. [Gao, Xiugong] Translabion, Clarksburg, MD USA. [Telford, William G.] NCI, Expt Transplantat & Immunol Branch, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Xiao, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, DNA Measurements Grp, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yan.xiao@nist.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1307 EP 1315 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2008.120576 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 463VI UT WOS:000267460200011 PM 19443566 ER PT J AU Simon, CG AF Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Combinatorial and High Throughput Screening of Cell Response to Biomaterials (Part 1) SO COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1386-2073 J9 COMB CHEM HIGH T SCR JI Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen PD JUL PY 2009 VL 12 IS 6 BP 533 EP 533 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Applied; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 474BC UT WOS:000268256200001 ER PT J AU Simon, CG Yang, YY Thomas, V Dorsey, SM Morgan, AW AF Simon, Carl G. Yang, Yanyin Thomas, Vinoy Dorsey, Shauna M. Morgan, Abby W. TI Cell Interactions with Biomaterials Gradients and Arrays SO COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING LA English DT Review DE Biomaterials; cell adhesion; cell-material interactions; combinatorial screening; gradient; hydrogel; microarray; polymer; tissue engineering ID GUIDE NEURITE OUTGROWTH; IMMOBILIZED CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX PROTEINS; WETTABILITY GRADIENT; MORPHOGEN GRADIENT; PLATELET-ADHESION; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; FIBRONECTIN GRADIENTS; POLYMER MICROARRAYS; OSTEOBLAST RESPONSE AB Gradients and arrays have become very useful to the fields of tissue engineering and biomaterials. Both gradients and arrays make efficient platforms for screening cell response to biomaterials. Graded biomaterials also have functional applications and make useful substrates for fundamental studies of cell phenomena such as migration. This article will review the use of gradients and arrays in tissue engineering and biomaterials research, with a focus on cellular and biologic responses. C1 [Simon, Carl G.; Yang, Yanyin; Dorsey, Shauna M.; Morgan, Abby W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, Vinoy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011; Whittington, Abby/C-7910-2013; Whittington, Abby/D-9266-2014 OI Whittington, Abby/0000-0002-9667-0089; Whittington, Abby/0000-0001-7401-7209 FU National Academy of Science post-doctoral fellowship programs; NIST-NSF Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship; NIST; NIH/NIBIB [R21-EB006497-01]; RESBIO NIH [P41-EB001046] FX We thank Dr. Deborah A. Leckband (UIUC)for insightful comments. V. T. and A. W. M. acknowledge support from the National Academy of Science post-doctoral fellowship programs, respectively. S. M. D. acknowledges support from a NIST-NSF Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. This work was supported by NIST, NIH/NIBIB R21-EB006497-01 and RESBIO NIH P41-EB001046. This article, a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, is not subject to US copyright. Papers that focus on cell response to biomaterials are the focus of this review and a significant body of older work that used hydrogel gradients to study cell migration during development has been only partially covered. We apologize to those authors whose work may have been relevant to this review but was not cited due to perceived lack of fit or accidental oversight. NR 119 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 27 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1386-2073 J9 COMB CHEM HIGH T SCR JI Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen PD JUL PY 2009 VL 12 IS 6 BP 544 EP 553 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Applied; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 474BC UT WOS:000268256200002 PM 19601752 ER PT J AU Lin, NJ Hu, HQ Sung, LP Lin-Gibson, S AF Lin, Nancy J. Hu, Haiqing Sung, Lipin Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Quantification of Cell Response to Polymeric Composites Using a Two-Dimensional Gradient Platform SO COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING LA English DT Article DE Biocompatibility; cell spreading; cell viability; combinatorial; dental composites; degree of conversion; surface roughness; cell-material interaction ID COMBINATORIAL; PROLIFERATION; DISCOVERY; CHEMISTRY AB A simple and straightforward screening process to assess the toxicity and corresponding cell response of dental composites would be useful prior to extensive in vitro or in vivo characterization. To this end, gradient composite samples were prepared with variations in filler content/type and in degree of conversion (DC). The DC was determined using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and the surface morphology was evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells were cultured directly on the composite gradient samples, and cell viability, density, and area were measured at 24 h. All three measures of cell response varied as a function of material properties. For instance, compositions with higher filler content had no reduction in cell viability or cell density, even at low conversions of 52%, whereas significant decreases in viability and density were present when the filler content was 35% or below (by mass). The overall results demonstrate the complexity of the cell-material interactions, with properties including DC, filler type, filler mass ratio, and surface morphology influencing the cell response. The combinatorial approach described herein enables simultaneous screening of multiple compositions and material properties, providing a more thorough characterization of cell response for the improved selection of biocompatible composite formulations and processing conditions. C1 [Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Haiqing; Sung, Lipin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, NJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nancy.lin@nist.gov; slgibson@nist.gov RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011 FU NIDCR/NIST Interagency Agreement [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Financial support was provided through an NIDCR/NIST Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01. The dental resins and fillers were kindly donated by Esstech, Inc. and Dentsply Caulk, respectively. We would also like to thank Drs. Jirun Sun and Joseph Antonucci for their helpful discussions. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1386-2073 J9 COMB CHEM HIGH T SCR JI Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen PD JUL PY 2009 VL 12 IS 6 BP 619 EP 625 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Applied; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 474BC UT WOS:000268256200009 PM 19601759 ER PT J AU Langhorst, SE O'Donnell, JNR Skrtic, D AF Langhorst, S. E. O'Donnell, J. N. R. Skrtic, D. TI In vitro remineralization of enamel by polymeric amorphous calcium phosphate composite: Quantitative microradiographic study SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CARIES-LIKE LESIONS; FLUORIDE; INVITRO; MODEL; DENTIFRICES; PROGRESSION; MOUTHRINSE; MICROSCOPY; SECTIONS; RELEASE AB Objective. This study explores the efficacy of an experimental orthodontic amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) composite to remineralize in vitro subsurface enamel lesions microradiographically similar to those seen in early caries. Methods. Lesions were artificially created in extracted human molars. Single tooth sections a minimum of 120 mu m thick were cut and individually placed in holders exposing only the carious enamel surface. The exposed surfaces were either left untreated (control) or coated with a 1 mm thick layer of the experimental ACP composite (mass fraction 40% zirconia-hybridized ACP and 60% photo-activated resin), or a commercial fluoride-releasing orthodontic cement. The composite-coated sections were then photo-cured and microradiographic images were taken of all three groups of specimens before the treatment. Specimens were then cyclically immersed in demineralizing and remineralizing solutions for 1 month at 37 degrees C to simulate the pH changes occurring in the oral environment. Microradiographs of all specimens were taken before and after treatment. Results. Quantitative digital image analysis of matched areas from the contact microradiographs taken before and after treatment indicated higher mineral recovery with ACP composites compared to the commercial orthodontic F-releasing cement (14.4% vs. 4.3%, respectively), while the control specimens showed an average of 55.4% further demineralization. Significance. Experimental ACP composite efficiently established mineral ion transfer throughout the body of the lesions and restored the mineral lost due to acid attack. It can be considered a useful adjuvant for the control of caries in orthodontic applications. (C) 2009 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Langhorst, S. E.; O'Donnell, J. N. R.; Skrtic, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE13169]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; American Dental Association Foundation FX This investigation was supported by USPHS Research grant DE13169 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the American Dental Association Foundation. We acknowledge Esstech, Essington, PA, USA for generously providing the monomers used in this study We also express gratitude to Mr. G.M. Flairn and Mr. S. Frukhtbeyn for their valuable technical assistance. NR 35 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 7 BP 884 EP 891 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2009.01.094 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 462YP UT WOS:000267395300009 PM 19215975 ER PT J AU Tollit, DJ Schulze, AD Trites, AW Olesiuk, PF Crockford, SJ Gelatt, TS Ream, RR Miller, KM AF Tollit, Dominic J. Schulze, Angela D. Trites, Andrew W. Olesiuk, Peter F. Crockford, Susan J. Gelatt, Thomas S. Ream, Rolf R. Miller, Kristina M. TI Development and application of DNA techniques for validating and improving pinniped diet estimates SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); diet; DNA; Eumetopias jubatus; fisheries; molecular genetics; North Pacific Ocean; otoliths; pinniped; salmon; scats; Steller sea lion ID STELLER SEA LIONS; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHAKOGRAMMA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ACID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PHOCA-VITULINA; SALMONID PREY; FECAL SAMPLES; MOLECULAR SCATOLOGY AB Polymerase chain reaction techniques were developed and applied to identify DNA from > 40 species of prey contained in fecal (scat) soft-part matrix collected at terrestrial sites used by Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in British Columbia and the eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Sixty percent more fish and cephalopod prey were identified by morphological analyses of hard parts compared with DNA analysis of soft parts (hard parts identified higher relative proportions of Ammodytes sp., Cottidae, and certain Gadidae). DNA identified 213 prey occurrences, of which 75 (35%) were undetected by hard parts (mainly Salmonidae, Pleuronectidae, Elasmobranchii, and Cephalopoda), and thereby increased species occurrences by 22% overall and species richness in 44% of cases (when comparing 110 scats that amplified prey DNA). Prey composition was identical within only 20% of scats. Overall, diet composition derived from both identification techniques combined did not differ significantly from hard-part identification alone, suggesting that past scat-based diet studies have not missed major dietary components. However, significant differences in relative diet contributions across scats (as identified using the two techniques separately) reflect passage rate differences between hard and soft digesta material and highlight certain hypothesized limitations in conventional morphological-based methods (e. g., differences in resistance to digestion, hard part regurgitation, partial and secondary prey consumption), as well as potential technical issues (e. g., resolution of primer efficiency and sensitivity and scat subsampling protocols). DNA analysis of salmon occurrence (from scat soft-part matrix and 238 archived salmon hard parts) provided species-level taxonomic resolution that could not be obtained by morphological identification and showed that Steller sea lions were primarily consuming pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon. Notably, DNA from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that likely originated from a distant fish farm was also detected in two scats from one site in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Overall, molecular techniques are valuable for identifying prey in the fecal remains of marine predators. Combining DNA and hard-part identification will effectively alleviate certain predicted biases and will ultimately enhance measures of diet richness, fisheries interactions (especially salmon-related ones), and the ecological role of pinnipeds and other marine predators, to the benefit of marine wildlife conservationists and fisheries managers. C1 [Tollit, Dominic J.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Schulze, Angela D.; Olesiuk, Peter F.; Miller, Kristina M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Crockford, Susan J.] Pacific IDentificat, Victoria, BC V9E 2J4, Canada. [Gelatt, Thomas S.; Ream, Rolf R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Tollit, DJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM Tollit@zoology.ubc.ca RI Trites, Andrew/K-5648-2012 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05NMF4391068]; North Pacific Marine Science Foundation; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada FX Funding for this project was provided to the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA05NMF4391068) and the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation and by support from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. We thank members of the Marine Mammal Research Unit (notably M. Davies and D. Gummeson) and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (notably L. Fritz, T. Zeppelin, and S. Finneseth) for their expert logistical support, which was carried out under appropriate permits (NOAA NMML number 782-1532) and undertaken in accordance with UBC Animal Care Committee guidelines. We also thank E. Bowles, R. Casper, B. Deagle, B. Fadley, J. McKenzie, T. Zeppelin, and two anonymous referees for valuable comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Finally, we thank K. Wynne for support and members of Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Department, Archipelago Marine Research, and the Vancouver Aquarium for supplying prey samples. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 889 EP 905 DI 10.1890/07-1701.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448SD UT WOS:000266281400007 PM 19544732 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Yu, GF Liu, JJ AF Liu, Quanhua Yu, Gengfa Liu, Jue J. TI SOLAR RADIATION AS LARGE-SCALE RESOURCE FOR ENERGY-SHORT WORLD SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Solar energy resource; environment; new forcing on climate change AB Many but not all energy and environmental issues are believed to be consequences of the huge consumption of carbon-based fuels by humanity. This study found that the thermal energy released in 2006 by the complete combustion may be up to 4.84 x 10(20) joules. This thermal energy contributes about 14% of the total thermal energy forcing in the atmosphere and ocean. Not only greenhouse gases but also the thermal energy released by fossil fuel burning needs to be considered in climate change studies. Solar energy is a promising clean energy source for solving the issues in energy shortage. We have studied solar energy resources at the Earth's surface and propose eight areas for potential solar power plants. The proposed sites are located in deserts in Southwest Asia, China, Australia, Southern South America, United States and Mexico. We calculate that 10% (assuming a conversion efficiency of 10%) of the solar energy resource over the eight sites is 18 times larger than current global energy consumption. If we could construct a solar energy network as an international cooperative project or store daily solar energy for use at night time, these eight sites could supply 24-hour electric power every day for the whole world. A more realistic approach to generate electricity at night and during cloudy days would be to store solar heat energy for use on demand. C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yu, Gengfa] Jiangsu Huadian Qishiyan Elect Power Co Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jue J.] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Renewable Energy Sci & Technol, Bowie, MD USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Room 703,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Quanhua.Liu@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 0958-305X J9 ENERG ENVIRON-UK JI Energy Environ. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1260/095830509788066466 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V16ZJ UT WOS:000207907200004 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Park, SH Yozgatligil, A Choi, MY AF Manzello, Samuel L. Park, Seul-Hyun Yozgatligil, Ahmet Choi, Mun Young TI Fuel-dependent Effects on Droplet Burning and Sooting Behaviors in Microgravity SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference on Impacts of Fuel Quality on Power Generation and Environment CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Banff, CANADA ID INITIAL DIAMETER; COMBUSTION; HEPTANE; FLAMES AB Measurements of soot concentration and soot mass were performed in microgravity conditions for hexane, heptane, nonane, and decane droplets burning in air at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) 2.2 s drop tower in Cleveland, OH. Experiments performed in air at 75.9 and 101.3 kPa indicate that the maximum soot Volume fractions and soot mass are similar, to within experimental uncertainty, for all of the fuels tested. The flame standoff ratios (FSR) did not vary significantly for the fuels considered. The soot standoff ratio for decane was significantly smaller than For the other fuels. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Park, Seul-Hyun] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yozgatligil, Ahmet] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Choi, Mun Young] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.manzello@nist.gov RI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/A-9682-2016 OI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/0000-0002-7655-7695 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7 BP 3586 EP 3591 DI 10.1021/ef900450n PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 484YU UT WOS:000269087900027 ER PT J AU Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI A Comparison of the Hypersonic Vehicle Fuel JP-7 to the Rocket Propellants RP-1 and RP-2 with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference on Impacts of Fuel Quality on Power Generation and Environment CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Banff, CANADA ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; IMPROVEMENTS; ENTHALPY; COMBUSTION; S-8 AB JP-7 is a hydrocarbon-based kerosene fraction with a low volatility and high thermal stability. JP-7 was developed in the 1950s to meet the more stringent requirements necessary for the development of high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft that fly at speeds exceeding Much 3. The extreme temperatures encountered due to the heat transmitted from compressed air on the aircraft, and air resistance, required the development of fuels with improved thermal stability and higher flash points. Although JP-7 also meets the operational demands for hypersonic aircraft (Much 5+), this fluid is no longer produced. Currently, there is a desire in the hypersonic vehicle community to replace JP-7 with the rocket propellant RP-2 however, research and testing is necessary to determine whether this substitution will be possible. In this paper, we apply the advanced distillation curve method to a representative sample of the hypersonic vehicle fuel JP-7. Specifically, we present the thermodynamically consistent distillation Curve and use the composition channel to characterize the Curve in terms of composition and available energy content. We then compare the results with previous measurements performed on the rocket propellants RP-1 and RP-2. This work provides a basis of comparison among these fuels in terms of the fundamental thermophysical properties. This comparison will be critical in determining the applicability of substitute fuels and the refinement of future fuels for hypersonic vehicles. C1 [Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7 BP 3637 EP 3644 DI 10.1021/ef900096q PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 484YU UT WOS:000269087900035 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Lemmon, EW Kazakov, A Ou, LS Bruno, TJ AF Huber, Marcia L. Lemmon, Eric W. Kazakov, Andrei Ou, Lisa S. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Model for the Thermodynamic Properties of a Biodiesel Fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference on Impacts of Fuel Quality on Power Generation and Environment CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Banff, CANADA ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; DISTILLATION CURVES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; VAPOR-PRESSURES; MOLAR VOLUME; FATTY; IMPROVEMENTS AB We present an equation-of-state approach to modeling the thermodynamic properties of a biodiesel fuel. Preliminary Helmholtz-type equations of state were developed with limited experimental data for live fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that are the primary constituents of soy-based biodiesel fuel, namely, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, and methyl linolenate. These components Were combined in a mixture model using ideal mixing to represent the thermodynamic properties of a biodiesel fuel. We performed limited experimental measurements on the density, sound speed. and initial boiling point of two biodiesel fuel samples and compared the results with the model. C1 [Huber, Marcia L.; Lemmon, Eric W.; Kazakov, Andrei; Ou, Lisa S.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 92 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7 BP 3790 EP 3797 DI 10.1021/ef900159g PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 484YU UT WOS:000269087900056 ER PT J AU O'Farrell, MR Yoklavich, MM Love, MS AF O'Farrell, Michael R. Yoklavich, Mary M. Love, Milton S. TI Assessment of habitat and predator effects on dwarf rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) using multi model inference SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Rockfish; Habitat association; Community structure; Akaike Information Criterion; Model averaging ID MARINE RESERVES; SUBMARINE-CANYON; ASSOCIATIONS; MOVEMENTS AB Habitat associations and the effect of predators on dwarf rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) were investigated in two large marine protected areas (MPAs) off southern California. Using data from submersible surveys, the occurrence and abundance of dwarf rockfishes were modeled using substrata types and the biomass of predators as predictor variables. The occurrence and abundance of dwarf rockfishes generally were positively associated with rock, boulder, and cobble substrata. The association between predators and occurrence of dwarf rockfishes differed substantially between species. Predator density and biomass levels were much lower in the southern California MPAs than in a de facto MPA off central California. Better inference about predator effects on dwarf rockfishes will be possible if the predator biomass and densities of southern California MPAs increase to that observed in the de facto MPA. C1 [O'Farrell, Michael R.; Yoklavich, Mary M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Love, Milton S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP O'Farrell, MR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM michael.ofarrell@noaa.gov FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NOAA NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation and Office of Protected Resources; NOAA National Undersea Research Program; NOAA Marine Protected Area Center FX Field surveys were successfully conducted with assistance from D. Schroeder, M. Nishimoto, L. Snook, T. Laidig, T. Anderson, R. Starr, M. McCrea, R. Lea, and the dedicated crews of the R/V Velero IV and submersible Delta. We thank J. Field, E. J. Dick, and two anonymous reviewers for their detailed reviews of this manuscript. Underwater photographs were taken by L. Snook and D. Schroeder. Partial funding was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NOAA NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation and Office of Protected Resources; NOAA National Undersea Research Program; and NOAA Marine Protected Area Center. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9489-0 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 459YD UT WOS:000267148300009 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Moser, ML Boggs, CT Daigle, WR Peery, CA AF Keefer, Matthew L. Moser, Mary. L. Boggs, Charles T. Daigle, William R. Peery, Christopher A. TI Variability in migration timing of adult Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Entosphenus tridentatus; Lampetra tridentata; Life history; Homing; Temperature; Population structure; Discharge ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ANADROMOUS PARASITIC LAMPREY; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SPAWNING MIGRATION; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE AB We examined the effects of river environment on the timing of spawning migrations by anadromous Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, in the Columbia River (U.S.A.). In a 41-year time series of adult lamprey counts, migration timing was earliest in warm, low-discharge years and latest in cold, high-flow years. Threshold temperatures associated with run timing were similar throughout the dataset despite significant impoundment-related warming, suggesting that temperature-dependent migration cues have been temporally stable. Within each year, migration rates of PIT-tagged lampreys were positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with discharge through multiple river reaches, offering additional evidence for environmental control of upstream movement. Both visual count and PIT-tag data indicated that there may be population-based differences in migration timing within the aggregate Columbia River lamprey run. These life history and behavioral results have potentially far-reaching implications for management of lamprey species. C1 [Keefer, Matthew L.; Boggs, Charles T.; Daigle, William R.; Peery, Christopher A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Moser, Mary. L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9490-7 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 459YD UT WOS:000267148300011 ER PT J AU Maynard, JA Johnson, JE Marshall, PA Eakin, CM Goby, G Schuttenberg, H Spillman, CM AF Maynard, J. A. Johnson, J. E. Marshall, P. A. Eakin, C. M. Goby, G. Schuttenberg, H. Spillman, C. M. TI A Strategic Framework for Responding to Coral Bleaching Events in a Changing Climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Coral bleaching; Coral reefs; Resource management; Response plan ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF AB The frequency and severity of mass coral bleaching events are predicted to increase as sea temperatures continue to warm under a global regime of rising ocean temperatures. Bleaching events can be disastrous for coral reef ecosystems and, given the number of other stressors to reefs that result from human activities, there is widespread concern about their future. This article provides a strategic framework from the Great Barrier Reef to prepare for and respond to mass bleaching events. The framework presented has two main inter-related components: an early warning system and assessment and monitoring. Both include the need to proactively and consistently communicate information on environmental conditions and the level of bleaching severity to senior decision-makers, stakeholders, and the public. Managers, being the most timely and credible source of information on bleaching events, can facilitate the implementation of strategies that can give reefs the best chance to recover from bleaching and to withstand future disturbances. The proposed framework is readily transferable to other coral reef regions, and can easily be adapted by managers to local financial, technical, and human resources. C1 [Maynard, J. A.] Univ Melbourne, Appl Environm Decis Anal CERF Hub, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Maynard, J. A.; Johnson, J. E.; Marshall, P. A.; Goby, G.] Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Eakin, C. M.] Coral Reef Watch, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Schuttenberg, H.] CSIRO, Davies Lab, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Spillman, C. M.] CAWCR, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. RP Maynard, JA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Appl Environm Decis Anal CERF Hub, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM maynardmarine@gmail.com RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; OI Spillman, Claire/0000-0003-0853-8190 FU GBRMPA; Ray Berkelmans (AIMS); BleachWatch; University of Melbourne; Applied Environmental Decision Analysis CERF Hub (AEDA); Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX Response plan development was made possible through the support of the GBRMPA and key collaborators, such as Ray Berkelmans (AIMS), responsible, in part, for the structure of aspects of both the early warning and assessment and monitoring components. The authors are grateful to the network of volunteer observers that have supported BleachWatch for many years. This work was supported by grants to the first author from the University of Melbourne, Applied Environmental Decision Analysis CERF Hub (AEDA), and the Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts, and to all authors by funding from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The article contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9295-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 462GM UT WOS:000267339100001 PM 19434447 ER PT J AU Mahmoud, M Liu, YQ Hartmann, H Stewart, S Wagener, T Semmens, D Stewart, R Gupta, H Dominguez, D Dominguez, F Hulse, D Letcher, R Rashleigh, B Smith, C Street, R Ticehurst, J Twery, M van Delden, H Waldick, R White, D Winter, L AF Mahmoud, Mohammed Liu, Yuqiong Hartmann, Holly Stewart, Steven Wagener, Thorsten Semmens, Darius Stewart, Robert Gupta, Hoshin Dominguez, Damian Dominguez, Francina Hulse, David Letcher, Rebecca Rashleigh, Brenda Smith, Court Street, Roger Ticehurst, Jenifer Twery, Mark van Delden, Hedwig Waldick, Ruth White, Denis Winter, Larry TI A formal framework for scenario development in support of environmental decision-making SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Alternative futures; Decision-making; Scenario analysis; Scenarios; Scenario planning; Uncertainty ID WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; RIVER-BASIN; UNCERTAINTY; FUTURE; MODEL; LAND; TOOL; METHODOLOGY; ASIA AB Scenarios are possible future states of the world that represent alternative plausible conditions under different assumptions. Often, scenarios are developed in a context relevant to stakeholders involved in their applications since the evaluation of scenario outcomes and implications can enhance decision-making activities. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of scenario development and proposes a formal approach to scenario development in environmental decision-making. The discussion of current issues in scenario studies includes advantages and obstacles in utilizing a formal scenario development framework, and the different forms of uncertainty inherent in scenario development, as well as how they should be treated. An appendix for common scenario terminology has been attached for clarity. Major recommendations for future research in this area include proper consideration of uncertainty in scenario studies in particular in relation to stakeholder relevant information, construction of scenarios that are more diverse in nature, and sharing of information and resources among the scenario development research community. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahmoud, Mohammed; Stewart, Steven; Gupta, Hoshin; Dominguez, Francina] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liu, Yuqiong] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hartmann, Holly] Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Informat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Semmens, Darius] USGS Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Stewart, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Inst Environm Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dominguez, Damian] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Dominguez, Damian] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hulse, David] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture 5234, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Letcher, Rebecca] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Rashleigh, Brenda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Smith, Court] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Street, Roger] UKCIP OUCE, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Ticehurst, Jenifer] Australian Natl Univ, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Twery, Mark] USDA Forest Serv Sci Technol & Appl Results, No Res Stn Program, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [van Delden, Hedwig] RIKS, NL-6200 AL Maastricht, Netherlands. [Waldick, Ruth] Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Winter, Larry] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Mahmoud, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, 1133 E James Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mahmoud@email.arizona.edu RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; Ticehurst, Jenifer/B-7707-2011; Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; Liu, Yuqiong/B-4318-2012; Dominguez, Francina/D-4412-2012; OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Stewart, Robert/0000-0002-8186-7559 FU US National Science Foundation Science; Technology Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) [EAR-9876800] FX Support for this research was provided by the US National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) under Grant EAR-9876800. The research described in this article has been subjected to the US Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 55 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 798 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.11.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 435KC UT WOS:000265341800003 ER PT J AU Pulster, EL Smalling, KL Zolman, E Schwacke, L Maruya, KA AF Pulster, Erin L. Smalling, Kelly L. Zolman, Eric Schwacke, Lori Maruya, Keith A. TI PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE POLLUTANTS AND TOXAPHENE CONGENER PROFILES IN BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) FREQUENTING THE TURTLE/BRUNSWICK RIVER ESTUARY, GEORGIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tursiops truncatus; Toxaphene; Persistent organochlorine pollutants; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Bottlenose dolphins ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS; ATLANTIC COAST; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; MARINE MAMMALS; KILLER WHALES; AROCLOR 1268; RESIDUES; BLUBBER; SEDIMENTS AB Although the Turtle/Brunswick River Estuary (TBRE) in coastal Georgia (USA) is severely contaminated by persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs), little information regarding POPs in higher-trophic-level biota in this system is available. In the present study, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; including DDTs, chlordanes, and mirex), and chlorinated monoterpenes (toxaphene) were measured using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection and gas chromatography with electron-capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC-ECNI-MS) in blubber of free-ranging and stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Mean total PCBs (78.6 +/- 32.4 mu g/g lipid) and toxaphene (11.7 +/- 9.3 mu g/g lipid) were significantly higher in dolphins sampled in the TBRE than in dolphins stranded near Savannah (GA, USA) 80 to 100 km to the north. Levels of OCPs were several-fold lower than levels of PCBs; moreover, PCBs comprised 81 and 67% of the total POP burden in TBRE and non-TBRE dolphins, respectively. Analyses with GC-ECNI-MS revealed that 2,2,5-endo, 6-exo, 8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (P-42a), a major component in technical toxaphene and a major residue congener in local estuarine fish species, was the most abundant chlorobornane in both sets of blubber samples. Mean total POP concentrations (sum of PCBs, OCPs, and toxaphene) approached 100 mu g/g lipid for the TBRE animals, well above published total PCB thresholds at which immunosuppresion and/or reproductive anomalies are thought to occur. These results indicate extended utilization of the highly contaminated TBRE as habitat for a group of coastal estuarine dolphins, and they further suggest that these animals may be at risk because of elevated POP concentrations. C1 [Maruya, Keith A.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Pulster, Erin L.] Savannah State Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Pulster, Erin L.; Smalling, Kelly L.] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Zolman, Eric] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schwacke, Lori] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Maruya, KA (reprint author), So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd,Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM keithm@sccwrp.org OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920 FU Georgia Coastal Management Program [NA03NOS4190080]; Collaboration to Integrate Research and Education Program [NSF OCE 0123753] FX We would like to thank P. Fair and T. Speakman (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service) and A. Hohn (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service) as well as C. George, L. Youngner, B. Good, and D. Guadagnoli (Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Coastal Resources Division). We would like to express our gratitude to Patricia Rosel for gender analysis. We also acknowledge the contributions of J. Fripp, J. Smith, and P. Winnubst (Skidaway Institute of Oceanography) and of M. Caldwell. Biopsy samples were collected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit 779-163300. Support for this project was provided by the Georgia Coastal Management Program (NOAA Coastal Incentive Grant NA03NOS4190080) and the Collaboration to Integrate Research and Education Program (NSF OCE 0123753). NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1390 EP 1399 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 457XM UT WOS:000266969500005 PM 19203137 ER PT J AU Linbo, TL Baldwin, DH McIntyre, JK Scholz, NL AF Linbo, Tiffany L. Baldwin, David H. McIntyre, Jenifer K. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI EFFECTS OF WATER HARDNESS, ALKALINITY, AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON ON THE TOXICITY OF COPPER TO THE LATERAL LINE OF DEVELOPING FISH SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zebrafish; Hair cells; Mechanosensory; Bioavailability; Biotic ligand model ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; SYSTEM; CADMIUM; ZEBRAFISH AB Conventional water chemistry parameters such as hardness, alkalinity, and organic carbon are known to affect the acutely lethal toxicity of copper to fish and other aquatic organisms. In the present study, we investigate the influence of these water chemistry parameters on short-term (3 h), sublethal (0-40 mu g/L) copper toxicity to the peripheral mechanosensory system of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) using an in vivo fluorescent marker of lateral line sensory neuron (hair cell) integrity. We studied the influence of hardness (via CaCl(2), MgSO(4), or both at a 2:1 molar ratio), sodium (via NaHCO(3) or NaCl), and organic carbon on copper-induced neurotoxicity to zebrafish lateral line neurons over a range of environmentally relevant water chemistries. For all water parameters but organic carbon, the reductions in copper toxicity, although statistically significant, were small. Increasing organic carbon across a range of environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1-4.3 mg/L) increased the EC50 for copper toxicity (the effective concentration resulting in a 50% loss of hair cells) from approximately 12 mu g/L to approximately 50 mu g/L. Finally, we used an ionoregulatory-based biotic ligand model to compare copper toxicity mediated by targets in the fish gill and lateral line. Relative to copper toxicity via the gill, we find that individual water chemistry parameters are less influential in terms of reducing cytotoxic impacts to the mechanosensory system. C1 [Linbo, Tiffany L.; Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McIntyre, Jenifer K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Linbo, TL (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tiffany.linbo@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Storms Program; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results predoctoral fellowship FX We thank Jamie Colman and the Neurobiology and Development Lab at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center for assistance and Scott Hecht, Frank Sommers, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. The present study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Storms Program, and a U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results predoctoral fellowship to J. K. McIntyre. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1455 EP 1461 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 457XM UT WOS:000266969500013 PM 19215183 ER PT J AU He, C El-Khatib, S Wu, J Lynn, JW Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Leighton, C AF He, C. El-Khatib, S. Wu, J. Lynn, J. W. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. Leighton, C. TI Doping fluctuation-driven magneto-electronic phase separation in La1-xSrxCoO3 single crystals SO EPL LA English DT Article ID MANGANITES; LA1-XCAXMNO3; TRANSITION AB In recent years it has become clear that complex oxides provide an exceptional platform for the discovery of new physics as well as a considerable challenge to our understanding of correlated electrons. The tendency of these materials to display nanoscale electronic and magnetic inhomogeneity is a good example. Here, we have applied a variety of experimental techniques to investigate this magneto-electronic phase separation in a model system-the doped cobaltite La1-xSrxCoO3. Comparing experimental data over a wide range of doping with statistical simulations, we conclude that the magneto-electronic inhomogeneity is driven solely by inevitable local compositional fluctuations at nanoscopic length scales. The phase separation is thus doping fluctuation-driven rather than electronically driven, meaning that more complex electronic phase separation models are not required to understand the observed phenomena in this material. Copyright c (C) EPLA, 2009 C1 [He, C.; El-Khatib, S.; Wu, J.; Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [El-Khatib, S.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zheng, H.; Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP He, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu FU DoE [DE-FG0206ER46275]; NSF [DMR-0804432, DMR-0454672]; Dept. of Commerce [6D6146] FX Neutron scattering supported by DoE (DE-FG0206ER46275). Additional UMN funding from NSF (DMR-0804432) and the Dept. of Commerce (6D6146). Neutron experiments utilized facilities supported in part by NSF (DMR-0454672). CL thanks M. Hoch, W. Moulton, and I. Terry for useful discussions. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JUL PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 AR 27006 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/87/27006 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 492NM UT WOS:000269665400026 ER PT J AU Fertig, B Carruthers, TJB Dennison, WC Jones, AB Pantus, F Longstaff, B AF Fertig, B. Carruthers, T. J. B. Dennison, W. C. Jones, A. B. Pantus, F. Longstaff, B. TI Oyster and Macroalgae Bioindicators Detect Elevated delta N-15 in Maryland's Coastal Bays SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Stable nitrogen isotopes; Coastal lagoons; Human and animal wastes; Biological indicators; Water quality; Spatial analysis ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; BROWN TIDE; ESTUARIES; EUTROPHICATION; INDICATORS; SIGNATURES AB Nitrogen loading from anthropogenic sources, including fertilizer, manure, and sewage effluents, has been linked with declining water quality in coastal lagoons worldwide. Freshwater inputs to mid-Atlantic coastal lagoons of the USA are from terrestrially influenced sources: groundwater and overland flow via streams and agricultural ditches, with occasional precipitation events. Stable nitrogen isotopes ratios (delta N-15) in bioindicator species combined with conventional water quality monitoring were used to assess nitrogen sources and provide insights into their origins. Water quality data revealed that nutrients derived from terrestrial sources increased after precipitation events. Tissues from two bioindicator species, a macroalgae (Gracilaria sp.) and the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) were analyzed for delta N-15 to determine spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen sources. A broad-scale survey assessment of deployed macroalgae (June 2004) detected regions of elevated delta N-15. Macroalgal delta N-15 (7.33 +/- 1.15aEuro degrees in May 2006 and 6.76 +/- 1.15aEuro degrees in July 2006) responded quickly to sustained June 2006 nutrient pulse, but did not detect spatial patterns at the fine scale. Oyster delta N-15 (8.51 +/- 0.89aEuro degrees) responded slowly over longer time periods and exhibited a slight gradient at the finer spatial scale. Overall, elevated delta N-15 values in macroalgae and oysters were used to infer that human and animal wastes were important nitrogen sources in some areas of Maryland's coastal bays. Different nitrogen integration periods across multiple organisms may be used to indicate nitrogen sources at various spatial and temporal scales, which will help focus nutrient management. C1 [Fertig, B.; Carruthers, T. J. B.; Dennison, W. C.; Jones, A. B.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Integrat & Applicat Network, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Pantus, F.] CSIRO, Div Marine Res, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia. [Longstaff, B.] NOAA UMCES Partnership EcoCheck, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Fertig, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Integrat & Applicat Network, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM bfertig@hpl.umces.edu RI Fertig, Ben/I-2077-2012; Dennison, William/D-7739-2012 OI Fertig, Ben/0000-0002-4271-1324; FU Maryland Coastal Bays Program; NOAA OCRM FX Thanks to J. Davis, A. Dungan, M. Hall, J. Schofield, E. Sherry, B. Sturgis, J. Testa, C. Wazniak, and C. Wicks for field and lab assistance, as well as Horn Point Analytical Services and UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility. J. O'Neil provided laboratory space. Thanks also to E. Fertig, T. Fisher, R. Jesien, D. Meritt, R. Newell, B. Sturgis and C. Wazniak for invaluable discussions and insight. Assateague Island National Seashore provided precipitation monitoring data. The authors thank the Maryland Coastal Bays Program and the NOAA OCRM for grant support, and the Maryland Coastal Bays Oyster Gardening Program for oysters. This is UMCES contribution number 4268. NR 69 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 773 EP 786 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9148-x PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 456CE UT WOS:000266815300014 ER PT J AU Meyer, DL Posey, MH AF Meyer, David L. Posey, Martin H. TI Effects of Life History Strategy on Fish Distribution and Use of Estuarine Salt Marsh and Shallow-Water Flat Habitats SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Nekton; Fundulus; Mummichog; Lagodon; Pinfish; Salt marsh; Distribution; Isolation; Connectivity ID FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS PISCES; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; INTERTIDAL OYSTER REEFS; NORTH-CAROLINA; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; SEAGRASS BEDS; NEKTON USE; MARINE FISHES; TAMPA BAY; PATTERNS AB To assess the potential for habitat isolation effects on estuarine nekton, we used two species with different dispersal abilities and life history strategies, mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) to examine: (1) distribution trends among estuarine shallow-water flat and various intertidal salt marsh habitats and (2) the influence of salt marsh habitat size and isolation. Collections were conducted using baited minnow traps set within nonisolated interior marshes (interior), nonisolated fringing marshes (nonisolated), isolated island marshes (isolated), and shallow-water flat habitats (flat) that were adjacent to isolated and nonisolated marshes. Size range of individuals collected included juvenile and adult F. heteroclitus (20-82-mm standard length) and L. rhomboides (22-151-mm standard length). During high tide, F. heteroclitus exclusively used marsh habitats, particularly high marsh, whereas L. rhomboides used marshes and flats. F. heteroclitus abundance followed an interior > nonisolated > isolated pattern. L. rhomboides abundance patterns were less consistent but followed a nonisolated > isolated > interior pattern. A size-dependent water depth relationship was observed for both species and suggests size class partitioning of marsh and flat habitats during high tide. Minimum water depth (similar to 31 cm) restricted L. rhomboides populations in marshes, while maximum water depth (similar to 69 cm) restricted F. heteroclitus population use of marshes and movement between marsh habitats. Disparities in F. heteroclitus young of year contribution between isolated compared to nonisolated and interior marsh types suggests isolated marshes acted as population sinks and were dependent on adult emigrants. Resident and transient salt marsh nekton species utilize estuarine habitats in different ways and these fundamental differences can translate into how estuarine landscape might affect nekton. C1 [Meyer, David L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Posey, Martin H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Meyer, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Dave.Meyer@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NMFS Restoration Center FX This work was accomplished by the selfless dedication of many individuals. Thank you for advice and consultations to: C. Hackney, T. Lankford, L. Leonard, F. Scharf, and G. Thayer. Thank you to the individuals who provided much appreciated help including: T. Alphin, R. Cheshire, P. Hansen, M. LaCroix, A. Powell, B. Teer, and S. Viehman. Thank you to G. Bath-Martin, V. McDonough, P. Hay, A. Hohn, and P. Marraro and two anonymous reviewers for comments and insights that significantly improved this manuscript. Thank you to the NOAA/NMFS Restoration Center (especially C. Doley, P. Gayaldo, and R. Bellmer) and the NOAA Beaufort Laboratory (especially M. Fonseca) for grant and project support. This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Lillian Cranfill Howell (1928-2005), who showed me that all life is precious and to be respected. NR 72 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2009 VL 32 IS 4 BP 797 EP 812 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9164-x PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 456CE UT WOS:000266815300016 ER PT J AU Bryant, RA AF Bryant, Rodney A. TI A comparison of gas velocity measurements in a full-scale enclosure fire SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Flow measurement; Fire-induced flow; Particle image velocimetry; Bi-directional probe AB Gas velocity measurements were conducted in the doorway of an enclosure containing a natural gas fire. Two independent measurement techniques, Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) and bidirectional impact-pressure probes, were utilized for comparison - the first such comparison for a fire-induced flow in a full-scale structural fire. Gas velocities inferred from the bi-directional probe measurements were consistently greater than SPIV measurements in a region of the flow between the floor and the flow interface. The comparison revealed that a measurement bias exists in the bidirectional probe technique. Estimates of the relative magnitude of the bias were inferred from the results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bryant, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rodney.bryant@nist.gov NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 793 EP 800 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.03.010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 459LE UT WOS:000267102900015 ER PT J AU Steel, EA McElhany, P Yoder, NJ Purser, MD Malone, K Thompson, BE Avery, KA Jensen, D Blair, G Busack, C Bowen, MD Hubble, J Kantz, T AF Steel, E. Ashley McElhany, Paul Yoder, Naomi J. Purser, Michael D. Malone, Kevin Thompson, Brad E. Avery, Karen A. Jensen, David Blair, Greg Busack, Craig Bowen, Mark D. Hubble, Joel Kantz, Tom TI Making the Best Use of Modeled Data: Multiple Approaches to Sensitivity Analysis of a Fish-Habitat Model SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Fisheries management has become increasingly dependent on large and complex models; however, tools and technologies for model evaluation have lagged behind model development and application. Sensitivity analyses can test the degree to which particular model inputs or internal parameters affect model Outputs and are recommended in model construction, calibration, and assessment. We describe three parallel sensitivity analyses of the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) model and draw combined conclusions. The details of how each agency conducted and utilized sensitivity analyses are Outlined and the trade-offs between simpler and more intensive sensitivity analyses are described. Combined insights on the EDT model include identification of input parameters to which the model is surprisingly insensitive and quantification of prediction intervals. We conclude that known uncertainties in input data and internal parameters lead to large prediction intervals around estimates of population abundance and productivity but that the identification of high priority reaches for restoration and protection is relatively robust to these uncertainties. We recommend that sensitivity analyses are applied to all models used in fisheries management. C1 [Steel, E. Ashley] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Landscape Ecol & Recovery Sci Team, Seattle, WA USA. [McElhany, Paul; Avery, Karen A.] NWFSC, Conservat Biol Div, Niceville, FL USA. [Yoder, Naomi J.; Bowen, Mark D.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Purser, Michael D.] Snohomish Cty, Everett, WA USA. [Thompson, Brad E.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Jensen, David] Jensen Consulting, Eugene, OR USA. [Blair, Greg] ICF Jones & Stokes, Vashon, WA USA. [Busack, Craig] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Hubble, Joel] US Bur Reclamat, Yakima, WA USA. [Kantz, Tom] Pierce Cty, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Landscape Ecol & Recovery Sci Team, Seattle, WA USA. EM Ashley.Steel@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2009 VL 34 IS 7 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.7.330 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477NF UT WOS:000268525100003 ER PT J AU Brinson, AA Die, DJ Bannerman, PO Diatta, Y AF Brinson, Ayeisha A. Die, David J. Bannerman, Paul O. Diatta, Youssouph TI Socioeconomic performance of West African fleets that target Atlantic billfish SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Socioeconomic; Billfish; West Africa; Fisheries management; Performance indicators; Artisanal; Recreational ID SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS APPROACH; SOUTH-AFRICA; INFORMAL FISHERS; POVERTY; PROFITABILITY; SUBSISTENCE; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; GILLNET AB Managing marine resources is a contentious and complicated process. There are various users with competing objectives, especially in the case of artisanal and recreational fisheries management. Managers must consider not only the biological sustainability of the resources, but also account for the socioeconomic objectives of the fishery users, particularly in developing countries. In-person surveys were implemented with artisanal fishers that target billfish in Ghana and with recreational charter boat anglers that target billfish in Senegal. Data from the survey were used to compile financial performance indicators that describe the sustainability of the operations. In addition social and resource management perception data were collected in each location. The results of the study indicate that both fleets exhibit positive profit levels. Although fishers in both study locations perceived a declining billfish resource, they were largely unwilling to accept management measures to improve the resource. If management measures were to be considered for the artisanal fleet, managers should simultaneously introduce mechanisms to improve the technological storage capacity of harvested fish and training on saving schemes for artisanal fishers. Managers should also monitor the number of recreational vessels and their effort in Senegal. Performance indicators such as these are applicable and appropriate for quantitatively assessing the profitability of fishing fleets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brinson, Ayeisha A.; Die, David J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Unit Fisheries Educ & Res, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bannerman, Paul O.] Ghana Minist Food & Agr, Dept Fisheries, Tema, Ghana. [Diatta, Youssouph] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Inst Fondamental Afrique Noire Ch A Diop, Biol Marine Lab, Dakar, Senegal. RP Brinson, AA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ayeisha.brinson@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 99 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.04.010 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 465RL UT WOS:000267604400007 ER PT J AU Boldt, JL Rooper, CN AF Boldt, Jennifer L. Rooper, Christopher N. TI Abundance, condition, and diet of juvenile Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) in the Aleutian Islands SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NURSERY; ALASKA; LIFE AB The relative value of pelagic habitat for three size classes of juvenile Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) was investigated by comparing their abundance and condition in two areas of the Aleutian Islands. Diet, zooplankton biomass, and water column temperatures were examined as potential factors affecting observed differences. Juvenile Pacific ocean perch abundance and condition, and zooplankton biomass varied significantly between areas, whereas juvenile Pacific ocean perch diet varied only by size class. Observed differences in fish condition may have been due to the quantity or quality of pelagic prey items consumed. For the delineation of essential demersal fish habitat, important ecological features of the pelagic habitat must therefore be considered. C1 [Boldt, Jennifer L.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Sch Fishery & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Boldt, Jennifer L.; Rooper, Christopher N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Boldt, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Jennifer.Boldt@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [198]; Essential Fish Habitat Program of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO); NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX We sincerely thank M. Auburn of Inverte Inc for examining zooplankton sample and stomach contents of juvenile POP. We also thank the following people for help in collection of samples: M. Zimmermann, K. McKinney, K. Smith, and the captain and crew of FV Ocean Explorer. We also thank J. Hill, D. Beauchamp, and N. Overman for the calorimetry work, and M. Mazur for the helpful discussions. This manuscript was improved with reviews from M. Love, K. Aydin, L. Logerwell, M. Wilkins, A. Moles, and three anonymous reviewers. This project was funded jointly by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Publication no. 198) and the Essential Fish Habitat Program of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. This publication was also partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution no. 1628. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 107 IS 3 BP 278 EP 285 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 476KZ UT WOS:000268440700002 ER PT J AU Brill, R Bushnell, P Smith, L Speaks, C Sundaram, R Stroud, E Wang, J AF Brill, Richard Bushnell, Peter Smith, Leonie Speaks, Coley Sundaram, Rumya Stroud, Eric Wang, John TI The repulsive and feeding-deterrent effects of electropositive metals on juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-METAL; LONGLINE FISHERY; PACIFIC HALIBUT; SPINY DOGFISH; ELECTRORECEPTION; ATLANTIC; COLLAPSE; BYCATCH; GROWTH; OCEAN AB Reducing shark bycatch and depredation (i.e., damage caused by sharks to gear, bait, and desired fish species) in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish is a priority. Electropositive metals (i.e., a mixture of the lanthanide elements lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and praseodymium) have been shown to deter spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias, primarily a coastal species) from attacking bait, presumably because of interactions with the electroreceptive system of this shark. We undertook to determine the possible effectiveness of electropositive metals for reducing the interactions of pelagic sharks with longline gear, using sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus, family Carcharhinidae) as a model species. The presence of electropositive metal deterred feeding in groups of juvenile sandbar sharks and altered the swimming patterns of individuals in the absence of food motivation (these individuals generally avoided approaching electropositive metal closer than similar to 100 cm). The former effect was relatively short-lived however; primarily (we assume) because competition with other individuals increased feeding motivation. In field trials with bottom longline gear, electropositive metal placed within similar to 10 cm of the hooks reduced the catch of sandbar sharks by approximately two thirds, compared to the catch on hooks in the proximity of plastic pieces of similar dimensions. Electropositive metals therefore appear to have the potential to reduce shark interactions in pelagic longline fisheries, although the optimal mass, shape, composition, and distance to baited hooks remain to be determined. C1 [Brill, Richard] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bushnell, Peter; Sundaram, Rumya] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. [Smith, Leonie] Bangor Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2DG, Gwynedd, Wales. [Speaks, Coley] Hampton Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Stroud, Eric] Shark Def Technol LLC, Oak Ridge, NJ 07438 USA. [Wang, John] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Brill, R (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346 Mail,Route 1208 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM rbrill@vims.edu FU Fishery Biology and Stock Assessment Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA; National Shark Research Consortium [NA17FL2813]; Indiana University South Bend SMART FX Funding for this project was provided by the Fishery Biology and Stock Assessment Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA; the National Shark Research Consortium (NOAA/NMFS Grant no. NA17FL2813); and an Indiana University South Bend SMART grant to R. Sundaram. We also gratefully acknowledge the entire staff of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory for their continuing and genuine hospitality and technical support. All animal capture, maintenance, and handling procedures were approved by the College of William and Mary Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and comply with all current applicable laws of the United States of America. This is contribution 2991 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. NR 41 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 107 IS 3 BP 298 EP 307 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 476KZ UT WOS:000268440700004 ER PT J AU Hoolihan, JP Perez, NF Faugue, RM Bernard, AM Horn, RL Snodgrass, D Schultz, DR AF Hoolihan, John P. Perez, Nerida F. Faugue, Ronald M. Bernard, Andrea M. Horn, Rebekah L. Snodgrass, Derke Schultz, Duane R. TI Surface mucous as a source of genomic DNA from Atlantic billfishes (Istiophoridae) and swordfish (Xiphiidae) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FISH; PLATYPTERUS; SAILFISH; IMPROVES; SCALES; MUCUS AB Procedures for sampling genomic DNA from live billfishes involve manual restraint and tissue excision that can be difficult to carry out and may produce stresses that affect fish survival. We examined the collection of surface mucous as a less invasive alternative method for sourcing genomic DNA by comparing it to autologous muscle tissue samples from Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Purified DNA from mucous was comparable to muscle and was suitable for conventional polymerase chain reaction, random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, and mitochondrial and nuclear locus sequencing. The nondestructive and less invasive characteristics of surface mucous collection may promote increased survival of released specimens and may be advantageous for other marine fish genetic studies, particularly those involving large live specimens destined for release. C1 [Perez, Nerida F.; Faugue, Ronald M.; Schultz, Duane R.] Univ Miami, Dept Med, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Hoolihan, John P.; Snodgrass, Derke] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bernard, Andrea M.; Horn, Rebekah L.] Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Med, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM dschultz@med.miami.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This study was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grants to E. D. Prince and M. S. Shivji. Appreciation is extended to the captains and crew members who assisted in the field sampling. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 107 IS 3 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 476KZ UT WOS:000268440700008 ER PT J AU Craddock, JE Polloni, PT Hayward, B Wenzel, F AF Craddock, James E. Polloni, Pamela T. Hayward, Brett Wenzel, Frederick TI Food habits of Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) off the coast of New England SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA L; HARBOR PORPOISES; STOMACH CONTENTS; WATERS; MAINE; GULF AB Although the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) is one of the most common dolphins off New England, little has been documented about its diet in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Current federal protection of marine mammals limits the supply of animals for investigation to those incidentally caught in the nets of commercial fishermen with observers aboard. Stomachs of 62 L. acutus were examined; of these 62 individuals, 28 of them were caught by net and 34 were animals stranded on Cape Cod. Most of the net-caught L. acutus were from the deeper waters of the Gulf of Maine. A single stomach was from the continental slope south of Georges Bank. At least twenty-six fish species and three cephalopod species were eaten. The predominant prey were silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), spoonarm octopus (Bathypolypus bairdii), and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). The stomach from a net-caught L. acutus on the continental slope contained 7750 otoliths of the Madeira lanternfish (Ceratoscopelus maderensis). Sand lances (Ammodytes spp.) were the most abundant (541 otoliths) species in the stomachs of stranded L. acutus. Seasonal variation in diet was indicated; pelagic Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) was the most important prey in summer, but was rare in winter. The average length of fish prey was approximately 200 mm, and the average mantle length of cephalopod prey was approximately 50 mm. C1 [Craddock, James E.; Polloni, Pamela T.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hayward, Brett] Integrated Stat Inc, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wenzel, Frederick] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Craddock, JE (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcraddock@whoi.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 107 IS 3 BP 384 EP 394 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 476KZ UT WOS:000268440700012 ER PT J AU Humborstad, OB Davis, MW Lokkeborg, S AF Humborstad, Odd-Borre Davis, Michael W. Lokkeborg, Svein TI Reflex impairment as a measure of vitality and survival potential of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WATER TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY-RATES; CURRENT ISSUES; FISH WELFARE; BALTIC COD; RECOVERY; SEA; AIR; AQUACULTURE; SABLEFISH AB Assuring the vitality and survival potential of live-caught Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is important for improving the sorting of fish before net penning operations designed to hold fish for growth and later market. When Atlantic cod are captured by Danish seine, the most commonly used fishing gear for live-caught fish, they undergo stressors such as forced swimming, net abrasion, and air exposure. Laboratory experiments (at an air temperature of 9 C and water temperature of 8 C) were conducted with the aim of constructing a RAMP (reflex action mortality predictor) curve for prediction of vitality and survival potential in Atlantic cod captured in Danish seines, by varying the levels of these stressors. Atlantic cod exposed to increased duration in air (5-20 min) showed increased reflex impairment and mortality, with 75% mortality at 10 minutes of air exposure. Forced swimming in combination with net abrasion and air exposure did not increase reflex impairment or mortality above that associated with air exposure alone. The Atlantic cod RAMP curves indicated that fish with reflex impairment less than 50% would not show mortality and would likely recover from capture stress. C1 [Humborstad, Odd-Borre; Lokkeborg, Svein] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Davis, Michael W.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Humborstad, OB (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, Nordnesgaten 50,POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM oddb@imr.no FU Norwegian Research Council [173193, 173538] FX The authors are grateful to Anders Mangor-Jensen for organizing and providing facilities and fish at the Austevoll Research Station in Norway, and for assistance during experiments. Shale Rosen is thanked for assistance carrying out experiments. Anne-Britt Skaar Tysseland is thanked for calculations of swimming speed and Orjan Eknes is thanked for rearing our fish. The work was funded by the Norwegian Research Council (173193, Fish welfare in capture-based aquaculture and 173538, Physiological and behavioral indicators for fish welfare assessment in aquaculture and fish capture). NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 107 IS 3 BP 395 EP 402 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 476KZ UT WOS:000268440700013 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JC Honea, JM McClure, MM Cooney, TD Engie, K Holzer, DM AF Jorgensen, Jeffrey C. Honea, Jon M. McClure, Michelle M. Cooney, Thomas D. Engie, Kim Holzer, Damon M. TI Linking landscape-level change to habitat quality: an evaluation of restoration actions on the freshwater habitat of spring-run Chinook salmon SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian Model Averaging; Chinook salmon; Columbia River; habitat; land use; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; restoration; Wenatchee ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; STREAM TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; OREGON; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; STRATEGY; RECOVERY AB 1. Conservation planning is often hampered by the lack of causal quantitative links between landscape characteristics, restoration actions and habitat conditions that impact the status of imperilled species. Here we present a first step toward linking actions on the landscape to the population status of endangered stream-type Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). 2. We developed relationships between land use, landscape characteristics and freshwater habitat of spring Chinook salmon in the Wenatchee River basin. Available data allowed us to find relationships that described water temperatures at several life stages (prespawning, egg incubation and summer rearing) and substratum characteristics, including fine sediments, cobble and embeddedness. Predictors included altitude, gradient, mean annual precipitation, total and riparian forest cover, road density, impervious surface and alluvium. We used a model averaging approach to account for parameter and model selection uncertainty. Key predictors were total forest cover and impervious surface area for prespawning and summer rearing temperatures; precipitation and stream gradients were important predictors of the percent of fine sediments in stream substrata. 3. We estimated habitat conditions using these relationships in three alternative landscape scenarios: historical, no restoration and one that included a set of restoration actions from local conservation planning. We found that prespawning and summer temperatures were estimated to be slightly higher historically relative to current conditions in dry sparsely forested areas, but lower in some important Chinook salmon spawning and rearing areas and lower in those locations under the restoration scenario. Fine sediments were lower in the historical scenario and were reduced as a consequence of restoration actions in two areas currently unoccupied by Chinook salmon that contain reaches with some potential for high quality spawning and rearing. Cobble and embeddedness in general were predicted to be higher historically and changed little as a result of restoration actions relative to current conditions. 4. This modelling framework converts suites of restoration actions into changes in habitat condition, thereby enabling restoration planners to evaluate alternative combinations of proposed actions. It also provides inputs to models linking habitat conditions to population status. This approach represents a first step in estimating impacts of restoration strategies, and can provide key information for conservation managers and planners. C1 [Jorgensen, Jeffrey C.; Honea, Jon M.; McClure, Michelle M.; Cooney, Thomas D.; Engie, Kim; Holzer, Damon M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Jorgensen, JC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jeff.jorgensen@noaa.gov RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 NR 78 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1560 EP 1575 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02207.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 453UC UT WOS:000266637400014 ER PT J AU Honea, JM Jorgensen, JC McClure, MM Cooney, TD Engie, K Holzer, DM Hilborn, R AF Honea, Jon M. Jorgensen, Jeffrey C. McClure, Michelle M. Cooney, Thomas D. Engie, Kim Holzer, Damon M. Hilborn, Ray TI Evaluating habitat effects on population status: influence of habitat restoration on spring-run Chinook salmon SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Columbia River; life cycle; modelling; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Shiraz ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; STEELHEAD TROUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LARGE-SCALE; TEMPERATURE; NORTHWEST; HATCHERY AB 1. A key element of conservation planning is the extremely challenging task of estimating the likely effect of restoration actions on population status. To compare the relative benefits of typical habitat restoration actions on Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), we modelled the response of an endangered Columbia River Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) population to changes in habitat characteristics either targeted for restoration or with the potential to be degraded. 2. We applied a spatially explicit, multiple life stage, Beverton-Holt model to evaluate how a set of habitat variables with an empirical influence on spring-run Chinook salmon survivorship influenced fish population abundance, productivity, spatial structure and diversity. Using habitat condition scenarios - historical conditions and future conditions with restoration, no restoration, and degradation - we asked the following questions: (i) how is population status affected by alternative scenarios of habitat change, (ii) which individual habitat characteristics have the potential to substantially influence population status and (iii) which life stages have the largest impact on population status? 3. The difference in population abundance and productivities resulting from changes in modelled habitat variables from the 'historical' to 'current' scenarios suggests that there is substantial potential for improving population status. Planned restoration actions directed toward modelled variables, however, produced only modest improvements. 4. The model predicted that population status could be improved by additional restoration efforts directed toward further reductions in the percentage of fine sediments in the streambed, a factor that has a large influence on egg survival. Actions reducing fines were predicted to be especially effective outside the national forest that covers most of the basin. Scenarios that increased capacity by opening access to habitat in good condition also had a positive but smaller effect on spawner numbers. 5. Degradation in habitat quality, particularly in percent fine sediments, within stream reaches located in the national forest had great potential to further reduce this population's viability. This finding supports current forest planning efforts to minimise road density and clear-cut harvests and to return forest stand structure in dry regions to the historical condition that promoted frequent low-intensity fires rather than catastrophic stand-replacing fires, as these landscape factors have been shown to influence percent fine sediment in streams. 6. Together, these results suggest that planning focusing on protecting currently good habitat, reducing fine sediments to promote egg survival and increasing spawner capacity will be beneficial to endangered spring-run Chinook population status. C1 [Honea, Jon M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Honea, JM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jon.honea@noaa.gov RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013; McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 NR 82 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1576 EP 1592 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02208.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 453UC UT WOS:000266637400015 ER PT J AU Borrero, JC Weiss, R Okal, EA Hidayat, R Suranto Arcas, D Titov, VV AF Borrero, Jose C. Weiss, Robert Okal, Emile A. Hidayat, Rahman Suranto Arcas, Diego Titov, Vasily V. TI The tsunami of 2007 September 12, Bengkulu province, Sumatra, Indonesia: post-tsunami field survey and numerical modelling SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Tsunamis; Earthquake source observations; Seismicity and tectonics; Early warning; Subduction zone processes; Submarine tectonics ID SOURCE PARAMETERS; EARTHQUAKE RISK; INDIAN-OCEAN; MEGATHRUST; MITIGATION; CONTEXT; HAZARD; SUNDA AB The M-w = 8.4 earthquake on 2007 September 12, offshore of the Bengkulu province of Sumatra, Indonesia, generated a moderate tsunami with run-up heights of up to 4 m as measured by Indonesian and international researchers in the days following the earthquake. The tsunami was observed along 250 km of coastline and caused damage at several locations. The largest wave heights and most severe inundation were observed about 50 km to the northwest of Bengkulu; elsewhere the effects were less severe-with the exception of substantial inundation at a site 150 km to the south. In addition to presenting the field data, we conduct a modelling study and compare the run-up heights and water-level predictions from four different seismic deformation models used to initialize a tsunami propagation and inundation model. Our comparative results suggest that, for this event, the estimates of fault parameters available immediately after determination of the earthquake size and location predicted the near-field run-up heights and distribution and far-field wave equally well as estimates obtained using more detailed descriptions of the seafloor deformation, as typically available hours or days after an event. We conclude that while detailed slip patterns can be important to the near-field run-up distribution, simple fault models can be used to rapidly assess the likely near- and far-field tsunami effects of a particular earthquake. C1 [Borrero, Jose C.] ASR Ltd, Marine Consulting & Res, Raglan, New Zealand. [Borrero, Jose C.] Univ So Calif, Tsunami Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Weiss, Robert] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Okal, Emile A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hidayat, Rahman; Suranto] Coastal Engn Lab BPPT, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. [Arcas, Diego; Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arcas, Diego; Titov, Vasily V.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Borrero, JC (reprint author), ASR Ltd, Marine Consulting & Res, Raglan, New Zealand. EM jborrero@usc.edu RI Weiss, Robert/B-8060-2012; OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829; Weiss, Robert/0000-0002-7168-5401 FU California Institute of Technology FX We would like to thank Prof. Kerry Sieh and the Seismological Observatory at the California Institute of Technology for financial support of the field survey. Prof. Kusnowidjaja Megawati and Nanyang Technical University provided logistical support in Singapore and hospitality before and after the field survey. A. Konca and C. Ji graciously provided assistance with the seismic models. Aubrey Dugger of GreenInfo Networks provided GIS support. Cyprien Bosserelle of ASR Limited assisted in tsunami modelling. JCB wishes to dedicate this paper to Carla J. Borrero, August 9, 1945 to June 2, 2007. NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 178 IS 1 BP 180 EP 194 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04058.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 457ZV UT WOS:000266979600013 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Kloser, RJ MacLennan, DN Ona, E AF Demer, David A. Kloser, Rudy J. MacLennan, David N. Ona, Egil TI An introduction to the proceedings and a synthesis of the 2008 ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach with Fisheries Acoustics and Complementary Technologies (SEAFACTS) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE fisheries acoustics; ICES; SEAFACTS; symposium C1 [Demer, David A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Kloser, Rudy J.] CSIRO MAR, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [MacLennan, David N.] The Orchard, Perth PH2 7BQ, Scotland. [Ona, Egil] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA USA. EM david.demer@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 961 EP 965 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp146 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600001 ER PT J AU Holliday, DV Donaghay, PL Greenlaw, CF Napp, JM Sullivan, JM AF Holliday, D. V. Donaghay, P. L. Greenlaw, C. F. Napp, J. M. Sullivan, J. M. TI High-frequency acoustics and bio-optics in ecosystems research SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE acoustic oceanography; ecosystem monitoring; ocean optics; plankton; thin layers; zooplankton acoustics ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CHLOROPHYLL; PHYTOPLANKTON; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; WATERS AB The propagation of light and sound in the ocean's interior is modified by the presence of phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, gas bubbles, and dissolved and suspended material. Information is encoded in the levels and spectral characteristics of acoustic and optical scattering and absorption. Using acoustics and optics allows us to study the distribution of marine life and learn about ecosystem-relevant processes. Two studies are highlighted. In the first, multifrequency, upward-looking echosounders deployed near autonomous, bio-optical profilers were used to track vertical migration and the formation and size structure of <1 m thick, zooplankton layers in relation to the biomass and size structure of thin phytoplankton layers. In the second, a multifrequency sonar was used to track the temporal (seasonal) evolution of zooplankton biomass and size structure in the Bering Sea at intervals of 20 min. This paper focuses on how advanced technologies are being used to observe processes, distributions, and behaviour of marine life that have, until now, been hidden, as it were, from biological oceanographers. C1 [Holliday, D. V.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, San Diego, CA USA. [Donaghay, P. L.; Sullivan, J. M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Napp, J. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Holliday, DV (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 5034 Roscrea Ave, San Diego, CA USA. EM vholliday@umassd.edu NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 974 EP 980 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp127 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600003 ER PT J AU Sirovic, A Cutter, GR Butler, JL Demer, DA AF Sirovic, Ana Cutter, George R. Butler, John L. Demer, David A. TI Rockfish sounds and their potential use for population monitoring in the Southern California Bight SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE passive acoustics; population monitoring; rockfish; Southern California Bight ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; FISHERIES SCIENCE; FISH AB Non-lethal methods are being developed to assess and monitor the depleted rockfish stocks off southern California. For example, data from multifrequency echosounders and underwater cameras have been combined to map the dispersions and estimate the abundances of rockfish at the historical fishing sites within this region. From August to October 2007, this ship-based technique was augmented with two passive-acoustic moored recorders. One collected data at the 43 Fathom Bank for 46 days, while the other was serially deployed at 13 locations for shorter periods (1-8 d). Passive-acoustic data were analysed for the presence of rockfish sounds. Potential sources of five pulsing sounds were identified from the optically estimated species compositions at each location, as well as from known rockfish recordings collected in aquaria. All sounds had a low frequency (<900 Hz). Some were short, individual pulses (0.1 s), others were repetitive. A repetitive pulsing from bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) was the most commonly recorded sound and it occurred mainly at night. The daily calling rates at each site were quantitatively compared with the rockfish abundance estimates obtained from the active-acoustic survey, and they were positively correlated. The feasibility of using passive-acoustic tools to monitor changes in rockfish populations efficiently is discussed. C1 [Sirovic, Ana; Cutter, George R.; Butler, John L.; Demer, David A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Sirovic, A (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM asirovic@alaskapacific.edu NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 981 EP 990 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp064 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600004 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Tenningen, E Wilson, JJ AF Churnside, James H. Tenningen, Eirik Wilson, James J. TI Comparison of data-processing algorithms for the lidar detection of mackerel in the Norwegian Sea SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE fisheries; lidar; mackerel; Norwegian Sea; remote sensing ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; FISH SCHOOLS; MIGRATION AB A broad-scale lidar survey was conducted in the Norwegian Sea in summer 2002. Since then, various data-processing techniques have been developed, including manual identification of fish schools, multiscale median filtering, and curve fitting of the lidar profiles. In the automated techniques, applying a threshold to the data, as carrried out already to eliminate plankton scattering, has been demonstrated previously to improve the correlation between lidar and acoustic data. We applied these techniques to the lidar data of the 2002 survey and compared the results with those of a mackerel (Scomber scombrus) survey done by FV "Endre Dyroy" and FV "Tronderbas" during the same period. Despite a high level of variability in both lidar and trawl data, the broad-scale distribution of fish inferred from the lidar agreed with that of mackerel caught by the FV "Endre Dyroy". This agreement was obtained using both manual and automated processing of the lidar data. This work is the first comparison of concurrent lidar and trawl surveys, and it demonstrates the utility of airborne lidar for mackerel studies. C1 [Churnside, James H.; Wilson, James J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab CSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tenningen, Eirik] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab CSD3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1028 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp026 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600009 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Cutter, GR Renfree, JS Butler, JL AF Demer, David A. Cutter, George R. Renfree, Josiah S. Butler, John L. TI A statistical-spectral method for echo classification SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE acoustic; classification; dead zone; demersal; EK60; hardness; ME70; multifrequency; rockfish; roughness; seabed; slope; split-beam; statistical; target ID MULTIPLE-FREQUENCY METHOD; TARGET STRENGTHS; FISH; SCATTERING; VOLUME; SONAR; PHASE; KRILL AB The frequency dependence of sound-scatter intensity is commonly exploited to classify fish, zooplankton, and the seabed observed in acoustic surveys. Although less utilized, techniques based on the statistics of echo amplitudes can also be used to extract information. For example, single-frequency echo statistics have been used to determine whether backscatter originates from single or multiple fish or from rough or smooth seabeds, and to estimate scatterer sizes and densities. The efficacies of the amplitude-based techniques are challenged, however, by the usual requirement to group echo measurements to facilitate meaningful comparisons with model predictions. Groupings of data over space, time, or both, can combine scatter from multiple taxa or species, confounding the comparisons. These methods are improved with a hybrid, statistical-spectral method for target identification (SSID), which incorporates information contained in both the signal amplitudes and phases. The SSID uses multifrequency echo statistics from individual time-space intensities (pixels) to identify general scattering types, before applying model-based identification schemes for target identifications. The effectiveness of the SSID is demonstrated for fine-scale separation of scatter from demersal fish and the seabed and estimating seabed depth, within-beam slope, hardness and roughness, and the height of the dynamic acoustic dead zone. C1 [Demer, David A.; Cutter, George R.; Renfree, Josiah S.; Butler, John L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM david.demer@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1090 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp054 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600017 ER PT J AU Renfree, JS Hayes, SA Demer, DA AF Renfree, Josiah S. Hayes, Sean A. Demer, David A. TI Sound-scattering spectra of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho (O. kisutch), and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmonids SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE broad bandwidth; remote identification; riverine; salmon; smolt detection; total target strength ID FISH; TANK; REVERBERATION; BANDWIDTH; COUNTER; CAVITY AB A recently developed method for measuring total target strength (TTS) allows calculation of the absolute scattered energy from fish over a broad-bandwidth signal. This technique uses the ratio of coherent and incoherent sound fields reflected off fish swimming in tanks. In stark contrast to other acoustic methods, this technique works best in reverberant conditions, is self-calibrating, and conveniently provides measurements of sound-scattering spectra for possible target identification. It has been used to successfully characterize the scattering spectra of marine life such as anchovy, sardine, and krill. In this experiment, the broad-bandwidth scattering spectra are characterized for the salmonids steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The TTS measurements demonstrate that the scattering spectra for these species are similar, yet discernible. These unique scattering spectra may provide means for acoustically identifying and enumerating such targets in rivers or streams. Having effective acoustic methods for assessing salmon abundance could become a major addition to currently available measurement tools and provide a new, low-impact assessment technique for both commercial and endangered populations. C1 [Renfree, Josiah S.; Hayes, Sean A.; Demer, David A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Renfree, JS (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM josiah.renfree@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1091 EP 1099 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp069 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600018 ER PT J AU Cutter, GR Renfree, JS Cox, MJ Brierley, AS Demer, DA AF Cutter, George R. Renfree, Josiah S. Cox, Martin J. Brierley, Andrew S. Demer, David A. TI Modelling three-dimensional directivity of sound scattering by Antarctic krill: progress towards biomass estimation using multibeam sonar SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE Antarctic krill; directivity; incidence angle; multibeam sonar; orientation; target strength ID TARGET STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; WAVE BORN APPROXIMATION; IMPROVED PARAMETERIZATION; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; BROAD-BANDWIDTH; FISH SCHOOLS; 120 KHZ; ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR; AVOIDANCE AB Target strength (TS) estimation is a principal source of uncertainty in acoustic surveys of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Although TS is strongly dependent on krill orientation, there is a paucity of information in this regard. This paper considers the potential for narrow-bandwidth, multibeam-echosounder (MBE) data to be used for estimating the orientations of krill beneath survey vessels. First, software was developed to predict MBE measurements of the directivity patterns of acoustic scattering from individual or aggregated krill in any orientation. Based on the distorted-wave, Born approximation model (DWBA), scattering intensities are predicted vs. MBE angles for specified distributions of krill orientations (pitch, roll, and yaw angles) and swarm densities. Results indicate that certain distributions of orientations, perhaps indicative of particular behaviour, should be apparent from the sonar data. The model results are compared with measurements on krill made using a 200-kHz MBE deployed from a small craft off Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, Antarctica, in summer 2006. The stochastic DWBA model is then invoked to explain disparities between the model predictions and MBE measurements. C1 [Cutter, George R.; Renfree, Josiah S.; Demer, David A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Cox, Martin J.; Brierley, Andrew S.] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Cutter, GR (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM george.cutter@noaa.gov RI Brierley, Andrew/G-8019-2011 OI Brierley, Andrew/0000-0002-6438-6892 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1245 EP 1251 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp040 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600040 ER PT J AU Weber, TC Pena, H Jech, JM AF Weber, Thomas C. Pena, Hector Jech, J. Michael TI Consecutive acoustic observations of an Atlantic herring school in the Northwest Atlantic SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE Atlantic herring; fish schools; multibeam echosounder; split-beam echosounder ID MULTIBEAM SONAR; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; FISH; BACKSCATTER; BEHAVIOR; MORPHOLOGY; DENSITY AB Several successive images of the same school of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) were collected over the course of 1 h just north of Georges Bank in the Northwest Atlantic. Although the fish may not have been in their natural, undisturbed state, we observed what appeared to be the fish school fragmenting and dispersing, using a split-beam and a multibeam echosounder. Calibrated, 38 kHz, split-beam echosounder (Simrad EK60) and trawl-catch data provided accurate measures of the fish density beneath the vessel. Uncalibrated, 400 kHz, multibeam-echosounder (Reson 7125) data provided synoptic observations of the fish school including estimates of the school volume, morphology, and behaviour. Observations of the angular dependence in the multibeam-echosounder measurements of backscatter from fish allow investigation of the efficacy of extrapolating fish-school densities measured by the split-beam echosounder to the entire school. C1 [Weber, Thomas C.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Pena, Hector] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Jech, J. Michael] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Weber, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM weber@ccom.unh.edu RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012 OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1270 EP 1277 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp090 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600044 ER PT J AU Shen, HX Dorn, MW Wespestad, V Quinn, TJ AF Shen, Haixue Dorn, Martin W. Wespestad, Vidar Quinn, Terrance J. TI Schooling pattern of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock and its effect on fishing behaviour SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE acoustic data; fishing behaviour; observer data; pollock; principal component analysis; schooling pattern ID STRATEGIES; VESSELS AB Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) form persistent midwater and near-bottom schools in the daytime during the winter spawning season in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Two spawning areas in the EBS, north of Unimak Island and near the Pribilof Islands, are the main fishing grounds. To study the schooling pattern of pollock and its effect on fishing behaviour on these two fishing grounds, a principal component analysis with instrumental variables was carried out using acoustic and observer data from 2003 and 2005. Significant differences between the school descriptors distinguished the schooling patterns among areas and years. The harvester, that is to say, the fishing vessel and its crew taken together, searched for fish aggregations, which were caught in a different manner when the schooling pattern changed. School density had a greater effect than school size on fishing behaviour. Aggregations were less dense in 2003 than in 2005, and the harvester tended to fish with longer tows, at higher speeds, when it encountered less dense aggregations. C1 [Shen, Haixue; Quinn, Terrance J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Dorn, Martin W.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wespestad, Vidar] Resources Analysts Int, Lynnwood, WA 98038 USA. RP Shen, HX (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM h.shen@uaf.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1284 EP 1288 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp071 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600046 ER PT J AU Gurshin, CWD Jech, JM Howell, WH Weber, TC Mayer, LA AF Gurshin, Christopher W. D. Jech, J. Michael Howell, W. Huntting Weber, Thomas C. Mayer, Larry A. TI Measurements of acoustic backscatter and density of captive Atlantic cod with synchronized 300-kHz multibeam and 120-kHz split-beam echosounders SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE abundance estimation; acoustic scattering; Atlantic cod; EK60; EM3002; Gadus morhua; multibeam echosounder; split-beam echosounder; volume backscatter; water column ID FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; TARGET-STRENGTH; FISH SCHOOLS; GADUS-MORHUA; SONAR; BEHAVIOR; VESSEL AB Gurshin, C. W. D., Jech, J. M., Howell, W. H., Weber, T. C., and Mayer, L. A. 2009. Measurements of acoustic backscatter and density of captive Atlantic cod with synchronized 300-kHz multibeam and 120-kHz split-beam echosounders. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1303-1309. C1 [Gurshin, Christopher W. D.] Normandeau Associates Inc, Bedford, NH 03110 USA. [Gurshin, Christopher W. D.; Howell, W. Huntting] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jech, J. Michael] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Weber, Thomas C.; Mayer, Larry A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gurshin, CWD (reprint author), Normandeau Associates Inc, 25 Nashua Rd, Bedford, NH 03110 USA. EM cgurshin@normandeau.com RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012 OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1309 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp052 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600049 ER PT J AU McConnaughey, RA Syrjala, SE AF McConnaughey, Robert A. Syrjala, Stephen E. TI Statistical relationships between the distributions of groundfish and crabs in the eastern Bering Sea and processed returns from a single-beam echosounder SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and Complementary Technologies CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP ICES DE Bering Sea; generalized additive models; marine-fish habitats; single-beam echosounder ID FLATFISH; SPEED; SONAR AB Groundfish and benthic invertebrates are not randomly distributed over the continental shelf of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Annual trawl surveys reveal distributional patterns that vary according to species, and substantial interannual variation in these patterns suggests some degree of environmental control. Quantitative habitat models are developed to explain the distribution and abundance of species in the EBS. Simple models based on readily available data (temperature and depth) are somewhat informative, but offer limited practical value. Earlier research in the EBS indicated that surficial sediments affect the distribution and abundance of groundfish. However, traditional sampling with grabs and cores is impractical over large areas, and an efficient sampling strategy is needed. Echosounders allow surveys of large areas, but it is unknown if they measure the relevant properties of sediments. Seabed echoes from a calibrated, single-beam echosounder were recorded over 17 000 km of trackline covering the EBS shelf. Generalized additive models were used to fit acoustic and other variables to abundance data for ten species. The final models explained 28-77% of the variability in abundances, including a marginal contribution of 2-13% by the acoustic predictors. C1 [McConnaughey, Robert A.; Syrjala, Stephen E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McConnaughey, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bob.mcconnaughey@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1425 EP 1432 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp147 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 460WG UT WOS:000267221600066 ER PT J AU Busby, MS Cartwright, RL AF Busby, Morgan S. Cartwright, Rachael L. TI Paraliparis adustus and Paraliparis bullacephalus: two new snailfish species (Teleostei: Liparidae) from Alaska SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Paraliparis adustus; Paraliparis bullacephalus; New species; Liparidae; Alaska AB Paraliparis adustus sp. nov., a snailfish species from the Bering Sea near the Aleutian Island Archipelago, Alaska, is described based on a single mesopelagic specimen. This new species is clearly distinguished by a combination of several morphological features and meristic counts, including long pointed gill rakers with 0-3 spinules at or near the tip, anus positioned forward near the pectoral symphysis, and color uniform brown. Paraliparis bullacephalus sp. nov. from Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska, is also described. This new species is very similar in meristic characters and general body shape and size to P. holomelas Gilbert, but differs primarily in morphological features of the head, particularly in the shape of the dorsal contour of the head, snout, and opercular flap, mouth size, and eye position. C1 [Busby, Morgan S.; Cartwright, Rachael L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Busby, MS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Morgan.Busby@noaa.gov FU [EcoFOCI-0651] FX This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0651 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s10228-008-0090-x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 476HA UT WOS:000268428500004 ER PT J AU Gergel-Hackett, N Hamadani, B Dunlap, B Suehle, J Richter, C Hacker, C Gundlach, D AF Gergel-Hackett, Nadine Hamadani, Behrang Dunlap, Barbara Suehle, John Richter, Curt Hacker, Christina Gundlach, David TI A Flexible Solution-Processed Memristor SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Flexible electronics; flexible memory; memristor; sol gel; titanium dioxide ID TITANIUM-OXIDE; MEMORY; FILMS; BEHAVIOR; DEVICE AB A rewriteable low-power operation nonvolatile physically flexible memristor device is demonstrated. The active component of the device is inexpensively fabricated at room temperature by spinning a TiO(2) sol gel on a. commercially available polymer sheet. The device exhibits memory behavior consistent with a memristor, demonstrates an on/off ratio greater than 10000 : 1, is nonvolatile for over 1.2 x 10(6) s, requires less than 10 V, and is still operational after being physically flexed more than 4000 times. C1 [Gergel-Hackett, Nadine; Hamadani, Behrang; Dunlap, Barbara; Suehle, John; Richter, Curt; Hacker, Christina; Gundlach, David] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gergel-Hackett, N (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nadinegh@nist.gov; behrang.hamadani@nist.gov; barbara.dunlap@gmail.com; john.suehle@nist.gov; Curt.Richter@NIST.gov; christina.hacker@nist.gov; David.Gundlach@NIST.gov RI Gergel-Hackett, Nadine/B-9704-2009 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; NIST Competence on Organic Electronics; DARPA MoleApps Program FX Manuscript received March 18, 2009; revised April 6, 2009. First published June 2, 2009; current version published June 26, 2009. This work was supported in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs, by the NIST Competence on Organic Electronics, and by the DARPA MoleApps Program. The research was performed while the first two authors held National Research Council Research Associate Awards and the third author was a Society of Physics Students Summer Intern. Certain equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification neither implies recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor C.-P. Chang. NR 23 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 11 U2 72 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 7 BP 706 EP 708 DI 10.1109/LED.2009.2021418 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 465SQ UT WOS:000267607900003 ER PT J AU Hu, CM Muller-Karger, F Murch, B Myhre, D Taylor, J Luerssen, R Moses, C Zhang, CY Gramer, L Hendee, J AF Hu, Chuanmin Muller-Karger, Frank Murch, Brock Myhre, Douglas Taylor, Judd Luerssen, Remy Moses, Christopher Zhang, Caiyun Gramer, Lew Hendee, James TI Building an Automated Integrated Observing System to Detect Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly Events in the Florida Keys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR); cloud detection; coastal ocean observing system (COOS); Florida Keys; MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); remote sensing; sea surface temperature (SST); water quality ID MISSISSIPPI-RIVER FLOOD; CORAL-REEF; CLOUD DETECTION; AVHRR DATA; FRONTAL EDDIES; SST IMAGES; SATELLITE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; GULF AB Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) images have had limited applications in near-shore and coastal environments due to inadequate spatial resolution, incorrect geo-correction, or cloud contamination. We have developed a practical approach to remove these errors using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer (MODIS) 1-km resolution data. The objective was to improve the accuracy of SST anomaly estimates in the Florida Keys and to provide the best quality (in particular, high temporal and spatial resolutions) SST data products for this region. After manual navigation of over 47000 AVHRR images (1993-2005), we implemented a cloud-filtering technique that differs from previously published image processing methods. The filter used a 12-year climatology and 3-day running SST statistics to flag cloud-contaminated pixels. Comparison with concurrent (+/- 0.5 h) data from the SEAKEYS in situ stations in the Florida Keys showed near-zero bias errors (<0.05 degrees C) in the weekly anomaly for SST anomalies between -3 degrees C and 3 degrees C, with standard deviations <0.5 degrees C. The cloud filter was implemented using Interactive Data Language for near-real-time processing of AVHRR and MODIS data. The improved SST products were used to detect SST anomalies and to estimate degree-heating weeks (DHWs) to assess the potential for coral reef stress. The mean and anomaly products are updated weekly, with periodic updates of the DHW products, on a Web site. The SST data at specific geographical locations were also automatically ingested in near real time into National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Integrated Coral Observing Network Web-based application to assist in management and decision making through a novel expert system tool (G2) implemented at NOAA. C1 [Hu, Chuanmin; Murch, Brock; Myhre, Douglas] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Dartmouth, MA 02744 USA. [Taylor, Judd] Orbital Syst Ltd, Dallas, TX 75063 USA. [Luerssen, Remy] James Madison Univ, Virginia Coastal Energy Res Consortium, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Moses, Christopher] Jacobs Technol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Zhang, Caiyun] Xiamen Univ, Coll Oceanog & Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Gramer, Lew] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hendee, James] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI Gramer, Lewis/A-5620-2010; Hendee, James/E-6358-2010 OI Gramer, Lewis/0000-0003-4772-1991; Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354 FU National Aeronautics and Atmospheric Administration (NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program and Interdisciplinary EOS Program); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program; The Nature Conservancy FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Atmospheric Administration (NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program and Interdisciplinary EOS Program) and in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program and The Nature Conservancy. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2071 EP 2084 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2024992 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 463MV UT WOS:000267437200018 ER PT J AU Grosvenor, CA Johnk, RT Baker-Jarvis, J Janezic, MD Riddle, B AF Grosvenor, Chriss A. Johnk, Robert T. Baker-Jarvis, James Janezic, Michael D. Riddle, Bill TI Time-Domain Free-Field Measurements of the Relative Permittivity of Building Materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Antennas; deconvolution; digital signal processing; fast Fourier transform (FFT); free-space measurements; inverse Fourier transform; Kirkwood-Fuoss equation; relative permittivity; time domain; vector network analyzer (VNA) ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; PROPAGATION; MICROWAVE; SYSTEM; BAND AB Time-domain free-field measurements comprised the dielectric properties of several common building materials using dual-ridged guide antennas and 1 m X 1 m samples placed on an optical table covered with an absorber. The samples are polycarbonate, gypsum, plywood, a brick wall, and a concrete wall. Time gating and deconvolution are used to isolate a sample's front and back surfaces to obtain the measured reflection coefficients (RCs) and transmission coefficients. Theoretical reflection and transmission equations were generated from a plane-wave model. Relative permittivity is obtained by varying the parameters in the Kirkwood-Fuoss equation until a best fit between the theoretical and measured reflection and transmission coefficients is obtained. C1 [Grosvenor, Chriss A.; Baker-Jarvis, James; Janezic, Michael D.; Riddle, Bill] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Johnk, Robert T.] Natl Telecommun & Informat Adm, Inst Telecommun Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Grosvenor, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chriss@boulder.nist.gov NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 58 IS 7 BP 2275 EP 2282 DI 10.1109/TIM.2009.2013916 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 458YA UT WOS:000267064300028 ER PT J AU Yousufuddin, M Her, JH Zhou, W Jalisatgi, SS Udovic, TJ AF Yousufuddin, Muhammed Her, Jae-Hyuk Zhou, Wei Jalisatgi, Satish S. Udovic, Terrence J. TI Crystal structure, neutron vibrational spectroscopy, and DFT calculations of Li2B12H12 center dot 4H(2)O SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; Crystal structure; Lithium borohydride; Dodeca-hydrododecaborate; Neutron scattering; Neutron spectroscopy; Vibrational spectroscopy; Metal hydride; Tetrahydrate ID CLOSO-DODECABORATE; SCATTERING AB The crystal structure of Li2B12H12 center dot 4H(2)O has been determined by X-ray powder diffraction and confirmed by a combination of neutron vibrational spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. The solvent-free analog of this compound (Li2B12H12) has recently attracted interest as a putative intermediate in the decomposition of LiBH4 center dot Li2B12H12 center dot 4H(2)O appears in the initial stages of Li2B12H12 synthesis from LiBH4 and B10H14. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yousufuddin, Muhammed; Her, Jae-Hyuk; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yousufuddin, Muhammed; Her, Jae-Hyuk; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jalisatgi, Satish S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Radiol, Int Inst Nano & Mol Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Yousufuddin, M (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Chem & Biochem, 700 Planetarium Pl,CPB 130,Box 19065, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM myousuf@uta.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617 FU DOE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104] FX The authors thank Drs. Craig M. Brown, John J. Rush for useful discussions, as well as Joseph W. Reiter, Drs. James G. Kulleck, Son- Jong Hwang, and Robert C. Bowman, Jr. for their contributions with the experiments. This work was supported by the DOE through Award No. DE-AI-01-05EE11104. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 362 IS 9 BP 3155 EP 3158 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2009.02.020 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 439XC UT WOS:000265659900030 ER PT J AU Nghiem, SV Balk, D Rodriguez, E Neumann, G Sorichetta, A Small, C Elvidge, CD AF Nghiem, S. V. Balk, D. Rodriguez, E. Neumann, G. Sorichetta, A. Small, C. Elvidge, C. D. TI Observations of urban and suburban environments with global satellite scatterometer data SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Dense sampling method; Scatterometer; Nighttime lights; Urban; Population ID HUMAN-SETTLEMENTS; CITY LIGHTS; POPULATION; REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; IMAGERY; CROP; BAND; SAR; MAP AB A global and consistent characterization of land use and land change in urban and suburban environments is crucial for many fundamental social and natural science studies and applications. Presented here is a dense sampling method (DSM) that uses satellite scatterometer data to delineate urban and intraurban areas at a posting scale of about 1 km. DSM results are analyzed together with information on population and housing censuses, with Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery, and with Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) night-light data. The analyses include Dallas-Fort Worth and Phoenix in the United States, Bogota in Colombia, Dhaka in Bangladesh, Guangzhou in China, and Quito in Ecuador. Results show that scatterometer signatures correspond to buildings and infrastructures in urban and suburban environments. City extents detected by scatterometer data are significantly smaller than city light extents, but not all urban areas are detectable by the current SeaWinds scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite. Core commercial and industrial areas with high buildings and large factories are identified as high-backscatter centers. Data from DSM backscatter and DMSP nighttime lights have a good correlation with population density. However, the correlation relations from the two satellite datasets are different for different cities indicating that they contain complementary information. Together with night-light and census data, DSM and satellite scatterometer data provide new observations to study global urban and suburban environments and their changes. Furthermore, the capability of DSM to identify hydrological channels on the Greenland ice sheet and ecological biomes in central Africa demonstrates that DSM can be used to observe persistent structures in natural environments at a km scale, providing contemporaneous data to study human impacts beyond urban and suburban areas. (C) 2009 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nghiem, S. V.; Rodriguez, E.; Neumann, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Balk, D.] CUNY, Baruch Coll, Sch Publ Affairs, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Balk, D.] CUNY, Inst Demog Res, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Sorichetta, A.] Univ Milan, Earth Sci Dept Ardito Desio, I-20122 Milan, Italy. [Small, C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10964 USA. [Elvidge, C. D.] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-235, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM son.v.nghiem@jpl.nasa.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 FU Director's Research and Development Fund (DRDF); NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program; NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program; NASA Applied Sciences Program FX The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, was supported under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and funded through the Director's Research and Development Fund (DRDF) program. The original development of the SSSP infrastructure at JPL was supported by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program. The research related to the Greenland ice sheet at JPL was supported by the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. The research related to drought and vegetation change at JPL was supported by the NASA Applied Sciences Program. Coauthors Balk and Sorichetta were affiliated with the Columbia University's Center for international Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) when this study began. We thank the CIESIN's Socioeconomic Data and Application Center for support in the preliminary work leading to this study. The research carried out at the City University of New York, the Columbia University, and the University of Milan was also supported by the DRDF program. We thank Peggy Li of JPL for the overlay of the DSM image on the Principe Island. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 64 IS 4 BP 367 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2009.01.004 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 479HL UT WOS:000268650200004 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI A Method to Estimate Vertically Integrated Amounts of Cloud Ice and Liquid and Mean Rain Rate in Stratiform Precipitation from Radar and Auxiliary Data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; DOPPLER RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; SCATTERING; LAYER AB A method to retrieve total vertical amounts of cloud liquid and ice in stratiform precipitating systems is described. The retrievals use measurements from the vertically pointing K(a)- and W- band cloud radars operated by the U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and auxiliary measurements from a scanning National Weather Service radar and a ground-based disdrometer. Separation between the cloud liquid and rain is based on estimations of the total attenuation of millimeter-wavelength radar signals in the liquid hydrometeor layer. Disdrometer measurements are used for the retrieval constraints. Because the liquid phase hydrometeor retrievals use only differential measurements, they are immune to the absolute radar calibration uncertainties. Estimates of the ice cloud phase are performed using empirical relations between absolute radar reflectivity and ice water content. Data from the nearby scanning weather-service radar, which operates at a lower frequency, are used to correct cloud radar measurements observed above the freezing level for attenuation caused by the layers of liquid and melting hydrometeors and also by wet radomes of cloud radars. Polarimetric and vertical Doppler measurements from ARM cloud radars provide a distinct separation between regions of liquid and ice phases, and therefore the corresponding retrievals are performed in each region separately. The applicability of the suggested method is illustrated for a stratiform precipitation event observed at the ARM Southern Great Plains facility. Expected uncertainties for retrievals of cloud liquid water path are estimated at about 200-250 g m(-2) for typical rainfall rates observed in stratiform systems (similar to 3-4 mm h(-1)). These uncertainties increase as rainfall rate increases. The ice water path retrieval uncertainties can be as high as a factor of 2. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63954] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-05ER63954. The author is thankful to Dr. Andrew J. Heymsfield for providing the dataset that was used for comparisons in Fig. 5 and to Dr. M. Shupe for help with extracting ARM measurement data. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1398 EP 1410 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2106.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474NS UT WOS:000268291700008 ER PT J AU Torres, SM AF Torres, Sebastian M. TI Processing of Oversampled Signals in Range on Polarimetric Weather Radars with Mismatched Channels SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL MOMENT; RECEPTION AB Processing oversampled signals in range with a whitening transformation has been proposed as a means to reduce the variance of meteorological variable estimates on polarimetric Doppler weather radars. However, the original formulation to construct decorrelation transformations does not account for mismatches in the polarimetric channels, which results in abnormally biased polarimetric variable estimates if the two channels are not perfectly matched. This paper extends the initial formulation and demonstrates that, by properly accounting for the differences in the polarimetric channels, it is always possible to produce optimum estimates of all meteorological variables. Simulation analyses based on the reported characteristics of existing polarimetric radars are included to illustrate the performance of the proposed transformations. C1 [Torres, Sebastian M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Torres, Sebastian M.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM sebastian.torres@noaa.gov FU NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The author wishes to thank three anonymous reviewers for excellent comments that substantially improved the quality of this paper. Also, I would like to thank Chris Curtis and Dusan Zrnic for engaging in fruitful discussions and providing many constructive comments. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1289 EP 1301 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1209.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479LX UT WOS:000268662000009 ER PT J AU Chang, PL Lin, PF Jou, BJD Zhang, J AF Chang, Pao-Liang Lin, Pin-Fang Jou, Ben Jong-Dao Zhang, Jian TI An Application of Reflectivity Climatology in Constructing Radar Hybrid Scans over Complex Terrain SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONPRECIPITATING ECHOES; WSR-88D; TAIWAN; ERROR AB Three years' worth of radar reflectivity data from four radars in an area of complex terrain (Taiwan) from 2005 to 2007 were analyzed and a reflectivity climatology was developed. The climatology was applied in the construction of new hybrid scans to minimize the impacts of ground clutter and beam blockages. The reflectivity climatology showed significant seasonal variations and captured distributions of ground/sea clutters, beam blockages, and anomalous propagations in addition to precipitation systems in the radar domains. By comparing the reflectivity climatology with gauge observations, it was found that 15 (20) dBZ was a good approximation for rain/no-rain segregation during cool (warm) seasons. Comparisons between the standard (i.e., based on terrain and scan strategies only with the assumption of standard propagations) and nonstandard (i.e., standard plus the clutter and blockage mitigation using the reflectivity climatology) hybrid scans showed that the former did not accurately reflect the clutter and blockage distributions in the real atmosphere. The application of the reflectivity climatology was shown to significantly reduce the impacts of clutter and blockages and provided improved radar quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) in the complex terrain. C1 [Chang, Pao-Liang] Cent Weather Bur, Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan. [Lin, Pin-Fang; Jou, Ben Jong-Dao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Zhang, Jian] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Chang, PL (reprint author), Cent Weather Bur, Meteorol Satellite Ctr, 64 Gongyuan Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. EM larkdi@msc.cwb.gov.tw OI JOU, BEN JONG DAO/0000-0001-5715-042X FU National Science Council of Taiwan, Republic of China [96-2625-Z-052-005] FX The authors thank the Central Weather Bureau for providing the radar data and computer resources. The authors are also grateful to Dr. J. Marshall Shepherd and Dr. Peng-Fei Zhang for their valuable comments. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This research is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan, Republic of China, under Grant 96-2625-Z-052-005. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1315 EP 1327 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1162.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479LX UT WOS:000268662000011 ER PT J AU Yu, FF Wu, XQ AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian TI Removal of Contaminated Pixels from the Desert Target for AVHRR Vicarious Calibration SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; VEGETATION INDEX; SATELLITE DATA; DATA SET; REFLECTANCE; ANTARCTICA; SPACECRAFT; IMAGES; NOAA-7 AB Desert-based vicarious calibration plays an important role in generating long-term reliable satellite radiances for the visible and near-infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Lacking an onboard calibration device, the AVHRR relies on reflected radiances from a target site, for example, a large desert, to calibrate its solar reflective channels. While the radiometric characteristics of the desert may be assumed to be stable, the reflected radiances from the target can occasionally be affected by the presence of clouds, sand storms, vegetation, and wet surfaces. These contaminated pixels must be properly identified and removed to ensure calibration performance. This paper describes an algorithm for removing the contaminated pixels from AVHRR measurements taken over the Libyan Desert based on the characteristics of consistent normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) land-cover stratification. An NDVI histogram-determined threshold is first applied to screen pixels contaminated with vegetation in each individual AVHRR observation. The resulting analyses show that the vegetation growth inside the desert target has a negligibly small impact on the AVHRR operational calibration results. Two criteria based on the maximum NDVI compositing technique are then employed to remove pixels contaminated with clouds, severe sand storms, and wet sand surfaces. Compared to other cloud-screening methods, this algorithm is capable of not only identifying high-reflectance clouds, but also removing the low reflectance of wet surfaces and the nearly indifferent reflectance of severe dust storms. The use of clear pixels appears to improve AVHRR calibration accuracy in the first 3-4 yr after satellite launch. C1 [Yu, Fangfang] ERT Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), ERT Inc, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM fangfang.yu@noaa.gov RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863 FU NOAA-/NESDIS/OSD FX This work is funded by the P-PSDI project of NOAA-/NESDIS/OSD. We thank Drs. Bob Iacovazzi, Chenyang Xiao, and Xiaoyang Zhang for their critical review comments on this paper. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1354 EP 1366 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1171.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479LX UT WOS:000268662000014 ER PT J AU Cao, CY Goldberg, M AF Cao, Changyong Goldberg, Mitch TI Spectral Bias Estimation of Historical HIRS Using IASI Observations for Improved Fundamental Climate Data Records SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; CALIBRATION; TROPOSPHERE; OVERPASSES; CHANNELS; NOAA-16 AB A prerequisite for climate change detection from satellites is that the measurements from a series of historical satellites must be consistent and ideally made traceable to the International System of Units ( SI). Unfortunately, this requirement is not met for the 14 High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounders (HIRS) on the historical NOAA satellites, because the instrument was developed for weather forecasts and lacks accuracy and consistency across satellites. It is well known that for HIRS, differences in the spectral response functions (SRF) between instruments and their prelaunch measurement uncertainties often lead to observations of the atmosphere at different altitudes. As a result of the atmospheric lapse rate, they both can introduce significant intersatellite biases. The SRF-dependent biases are further mixed with other effects such as the diurnal cycle because of observation time differences and orbital drifts, on board calibration, and algorithm issues. In this study, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations are used to calculate the radiances for the 14 Television Infrared Observation Satellite series N (TIROS-N; to MetOp-A) HIRS instruments in different climate regimes and seasons to separate the SRF-induced intersatellite biases from other factors. It is found that the calculated radiance ratio (a bias indicator) using IASI observations for the HIRS satellite pairs forms bell-shaped curves that vary with the HIRS model and channel as well as climate regimes. This suggests that a bias found in the polar regions at the Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) cannot be blindly used for bias correction globally; instead, the IASI/HIRS spectral bias bell curves should be used as a complement to more fully address the biases. These bell curves also serve as lookup charts for separating the bias due to true SRF differences from that caused by SRF prelaunch measurement errors to resolve the inconsistency, which sheds new light on reprocessing and reanalysis in generating fundamental climate data records from HIRS. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA NESDIS ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, WWB, Rm 712,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746 FU IPO/IGS; STAR FX The authors thank Drs. Chengzhi Zou, Bob Iacovazzi, Ping Jing, Han Yong, and Mr. Haibin Sun for their critical review and judicious comments. Thanks are extended to Dr. Denis Blumstein of CNES for his help with IASI calibration issues. This study is partially funded by the IPO/IGS and STAR cal/val funds. It also represents a join effort between the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)/Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) and Committee on Earth Observation Satellites/Working Group on Calibration/Validation (CEOS/WGCV) in support of the CEOS climate actions in response to the Global Climate Observation System (GCOS). The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1378 EP 1387 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1235.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 479LX UT WOS:000268662000016 ER PT J AU Sorbo, M Soraas, F Sandanger, MI Evans, DS AF Sorbo, M. Soraas, F. Sandanger, M. I. Evans, D. S. TI Ring current behaviour during corotating interaction region and high speed stream events SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Speed Solar Wind Streams and Geospace Interactions CY SEP 02-07, 2007 CL St Martins Coll, Ambleside, ENGLAND HO St Martins Coll DE Ring current; High speed stream events; Energetic neutral atoms; Corotating interaction region ID ENERGETIC NEUTRAL ATOM; MAGNETIC STORMS; CURRENT PROTONS; PRECIPITATION; SPACE; DST; PLASMASPHERE; IONOSPHERE; HYDROGEN; SHEET AB The ring current behaviour during geomagnetic disturbances induced by Corotating interaction Region (CIR) and High Speed Streams (HSS) in the solar wind is Studied using particle data from low altitude polar orbiting satellites. The ion/proton precipitation during CIR/HSS events reveal the spatial and temporal dynamics of the ring Current and plasma sheet during the events. Three CIR/HSS events and one Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) induced storm are studied. The invariant latitude of the low altitude equatorward boundary of isotropic proton precipitation is erratic and more noisy in the CIR/HSS events than in the CME storm. The boundary also varies more incoherently at the different local times during the CIR/HSS events. The estimated ion injection rates into the ring current are shown to increase mainly at L>4 during CIR/HSS events. The production of Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENA) through charge exchange reactions in the ring current is also studied by the Storm Time Equatorial Belt (STEB) during CIR/HSS events. The STEB is found to exhibit low but above quiet-time levels of intensity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sorbo, M.; Soraas, F.; Sandanger, M. I.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sorbo, M (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Allegt 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM Marita.Sorbo@uib.no; Finn.Soraas@uib.no OI Sandanger, Marit Irene/0000-0002-9696-3527 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 71 IS 10-11 BP 1103 EP 1125 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.08.012 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 478QE UT WOS:000268602100010 ER PT J AU Sandanger, MI Soraas, F Sorbo, M Aarsnes, K Oksavik, K Evans, DS AF Sandanger, M. I. Soraas, F. Sorbo, M. Aarsnes, K. Oksavik, K. Evans, D. S. TI Relativistic electron losses related to EMIC waves during CIR and CME storms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Speed Solar Wind Streams and Geospace Interactions CY SEP 02-07, 2007 CL St Martins Coll, Ambleside, ENGLAND HO St Martins Coll DE Relativistic electrons; EMIC waves; High-speed streams; Protons ID PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SAR ARC FORMATION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC STORMS; HILDCAA EVENTS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ALFVEN WAVES; ACCELERATION; MODEL AB The losses of radiation belt electrons to the atmosphere due to wave-particle interactions with electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) waves during corotating interaction region (CIR) storms compared to coronal mass ejections (CME) storms is investigated. Geomagnetic storms with extended 'recovery' phases due to large-amplitude Alfven waves in the solar wind are associated with relativistic electron flux enhancements in the outer radiation belt. The corotating solar wind streams following a CIR in the solar wind contain large-amplitude Alfven waves, but also some CME storms with high-speed solar wind can have large-amplitude Alfven waves and extended 'recovery' phases. During both CIR and CME storms the ring current protons are enhanced. In the anisotropic proton zone the protons are unstable for EMIC wave growth. Atmospheric losses of relativistic electrons due to weak to moderate pitch angle scattering by EMIC waves is observed inside the whole anisotropic proton zone. During storms with extended 'recovery' phases we observe higher atmospheric loss Of relativistic electrons than in storms with fast recovery phases. As the EMIC waves exist in storms with both extended and short recovery phases, the increased loss of relativistic electrons reflects the enhanced source of relativistic electrons in the radiation belt during extended recovery phase storms. The region with the most unstable protons and intense EMIC wave generation, seen as a narrow spike in the proton precipitation, is spatially coincident with the largest loss of relativistic electrons. This region can be observed at all MLTs and is closely connected with the spatial shape of the plasmapause as revealed by simultaneous observations by the IMAGE and the NOAA spacecraft. The observations in and near the atmospheric loss cone show that the CIR and CME storms with extended 'recovery' phases produce high atmospheric losses of relativistic electrons, as these storms accelerate electrons to relativistic energies. The CME storm with short recovery phase gives low losses of relativistic electrons due to a reduced level of relativistic electrons in the radiation belt. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sandanger, M. I.; Soraas, F.; Sorbo, M.; Aarsnes, K.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Oksavik, K.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sandanger, MI (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Allegt 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM Marit.Sandanger@ift.uib.no OI Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992; Sandanger, Marit Irene/0000-0002-9696-3527 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 71 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 1126 EP 1144 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.07.006 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 478QE UT WOS:000268602100011 ER PT J AU Emery, BA Richardson, IG Evans, DS Rich, FJ AF Emery, Barbara A. Richardson, Ian G. Evans, David S. Rich, Frederick J. TI Solar wind structure sources and periodicities of auroral electron power over three solar cycles SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Speed Solar Wind Streams and Geospace Interactions CY SEP 02-07, 2007 CL St Martins Coll, Ambleside, ENGLAND HO St Martins Coll DE Electron auroral energy fluxes; Solar wind speed structures; Solar cycle variations; Periodicities ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; PREFERRED BARTELS DAYS; SPEED PLASMA STREAMS; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SEMIANNUAL VARIATION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; SPACED DATA AB We assess the contributions of various types of solar wind structures (transients, coronal hole high-speed streams (HSS), and slow-speed wind) to hourly average auroral electron power (P(e)) The time variation of the solar wind velocity (V(sw)) and P(e) are determined by HSS, which contribute similar to 47% to P(e) and V(sw). Transients contribute similar to 42% of P(e) in solar maxima, and similar to 6% in solar minimum. Cross-correlations of P(e) with V(sw)vertical bar B vertical bar for negative B(z) are significant. P. exhibits solar rotational periodicities similar to those for V(sw) with strong 7- and 9-day periodicities in 2005-2008 and equinox semiannual periodicities in 1995-1999. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Emery, Barbara A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Richardson, Ian G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Richardson, Ian G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Evans, David S.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Emery, BA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM emery@hao.ucar.edu OI Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 NR 87 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 71 IS 10-11 BP 1157 EP 1175 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.08.005 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 478QE UT WOS:000268602100013 ER PT J AU Birch, MJ Hargreaves, JK Bromage, BJI Evans, DS AF Birch, M. J. Hargreaves, J. K. Bromage, B. J. I. Evans, D. S. TI Effects of high-speed solar wind on energetic electron activity in the auroral regions during July 1-2, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Speed Solar Wind Streams and Geospace Interactions CY SEP 02-07, 2007 CL St Martins Coll, Ambleside, ENGLAND HO St Martins Coll DE Energetic electrons; Geomagnetic storm; Solar wind; Auroral region ID RADIO ABSORPTION EVENTS; 3 MAGNETIC LATITUDES AB This study concerns the properties and behaviour of energetic (>30keV) electrons in the magnetosphere in relation to an enhancement of the solar wind caused by the sub-Earth meridional crossing of a trans-equatorial coronal hole during late June 2005. It covers periods of slow and fast solar wind, each of about 12 h duration, separated by a rapid increase of speed on July 1 st. The observations were made at about 850 km altitude by four polar orbiting NOAA spacecraft, covering a full range of local times. We select invariant latitudes from 57 degrees to 77 degrees, the region which includes the auroral zone where electrons of these energies are sporadically precipitated, and we consider the variations of intensity and spectrum, the relation between the precipitating and mirroring fluxes, and the relative spectral hardness of these components. In general, all properties show considerable variability, but also with significant trends. The flux of mirroring electrons was greater during the period of fast solar wind than before it, but the change was relatively gradual and the flux was decreasing again towards the end of the period although the solar wind was still fast. The spectrum was softest during the transition. The ratio of precipitating to mirroring electrons generally increased as the solar wind speeded up, though with a marked dependence on local time. The precipitating spectrum tended to be harder than the mirroring spectrum during the period of slow wind, but with the increased fluxes during the faster wind the precipitating spectrum tended to be softer. The random variability was least in the noon sector where there was a progressive hardening of both the precipitating and mirroring spectra as the flux declined towards the end of the fast wind period. The data suggest that the ratio of precipitating to mirroring flux is proportional to the mirroring flux for both the energy ranges > 30 and > 100 keV, and the characteristic energy of the precipitated spectrum is half that of the mirrored spectrum during this period. Use of a magnetospheric model suggests that a change in the character of the particle fluxes in the afternoon sector around the time of transition between slow and fast wind was due to the field lines being pulled back into the tail at a time when the pressure exerted by the solar wind was at its greatest. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Birch, M. J.; Hargreaves, J. K.; Bromage, B. J. I.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Astrophys & Supercomp, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Birch, M. J.] Univ Cent Lancashire, John Tyndall Nucl Res Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Hargreaves, J. K.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Commun Syst, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Birch, MJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Astrophys & Supercomp, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. EM mjbirch@uclan.ac.uk NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 71 IS 10-11 BP 1190 EP 1209 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.02.008 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 478QE UT WOS:000268602100015 ER PT J AU Shen, VK Cheung, JK Errington, JR Truskett, TM AF Shen, Vincent K. Cheung, Jason K. Errington, Jeffrey R. Truskett, Thomas M. TI Insights Into Crowding Effects on Protein Stability From a Coarse-Grained Model SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2008 CL Marco Isl, FL SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Bioengn Div ID MATRIX MONTE-CARLO; INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; AGGREGATION KINETICS; CRYSTAL NUCLEATION; INCLUSION-BODIES; SURFACE-TENSION AB Proteins aggregate and precipitate from high concentration solutions in a wide variety of problems of natural and technological interest. Consequently, there is a broad interest in developing new ways to model the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of protein stability in these crowded cellular or solution environments. We use a coarse-grained modeling approach to study the effects of different crowding agents on the conformational equilibria of proteins and the thermodynamic phase behavior of their solutions. At low to moderate protein concentrations, we find that crowding species can either stabilize or destabilize the native state, depending on the strength of their attractive interaction with the proteins. At high protein concentrations, crowders tend to stabilize the native state due to excluded volume effects, irrespective of the strength of the crowder-protein attraction. Crowding agents reduce the tendency of protein solutions to undergo a liquid-liquid phase separation driven by strong protein-protein attractions. The aforementioned equilibrium trends represent, to our knowledge, the first simulation predictions for how the properties of crowding species impact the global thermodynamic stability of proteins and their solutions. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3127259] C1 [Shen, Vincent K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cheung, Jason K.] Schering Plough Res Inst, Summit, NJ 07091 USA. [Errington, Jeffrey R.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Truskett, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Truskett, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Shen, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vincent.shen@nist.gov; jason.cheung@spcorp.com; jerring@buffalo.edu; truskett@che.utexas.edu RI Truskett, Thomas/D-4624-2009; Errington, Jeffrey/E-8644-2011; Truskett, Thomas/C-4996-2014 OI Truskett, Thomas/0000-0002-6607-6468; Errington, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0365-0271; NR 91 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2009 VL 131 IS 7 AR 071002 DI 10.1115/1.3127259 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 476KS UT WOS:000268439900003 PM 19640127 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JNR Schumacher, GE Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D AF O'Donnell, Justin N. R. Schumacher, Gary E. Antonucci, Joseph M. Skrtic, Drago TI Adhesion of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Composites Bonded to Dentin: A Study in Failure Modality SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE amorphous calcium phosphate; shear bond strength; work to fracture; polymerization shrinkage stress; failure mode ID POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; RESIN COMPOSITES; RESTORATIONS; SHRINKAGE; STRENGTH; LESIONS; ENAMEL; TESTS AB Aims: As a bioactive filler capable of remineralizing tooth structures, the main disadvantage of as-made amorphous calcium phosphate (am-ACP) are its large agglomerates. The objective of this study was to mill ACP, and compare the adhesive strength with dentin, work to fracture, and failure modes of both groups to glass-filled composites and one commercial compomer after 24 h, I week, 1, 3, and 6 months of exposure to simulated saliva solution (SLS). Flat dentin surfaces were acid-etched, primed, and photopolymerized. Composites were applied, photo-cured, and debonded in shear. The resin used in each composite was identical: ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and methacryloxyethyl phthalate. Fillers consisted of am-ACP and milled ACP (m-ACP), and a strontium-containing glass (Sr-glass) at respective mass fractions of (40, 60, and 75%). Findings: Ninety percent of the fracture surfaces in this study showed adhesive failure, with most of these occurring at the dentin/primer interface. Fifty-two percent of failures after 24-h immersion occurred at the primer/composite interface. After 6 months of SLS exposure, 80% of specimens failed at the dentin/primer interface, with a 42% overall reduction in bond strength. Conclusions: Milled ACP composites showed initial mechanical advantages over am-ACP composites and the compomer, and produced a higher incidence of a failure mode consistent with stronger adhesion. Evidence is provided which suggests that milled ACP composites may offer enhanced potential in clinical bonding applications. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Biomed Mater Res Part 13: Appl Biomater 90B: 238-2497 2009 C1 [O'Donnell, Justin N. R.; Schumacher, Gary E.; Skrtic, Drago] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Donnell, JNR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM justin.odonnell@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Cramofacial Research [R01 DE13169-09] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Dental and Cramofacial Research: contract grant number: R01 DE13169-09 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD JUL PY 2009 VL 90B IS 1 BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.31278 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 461UU UT WOS:000267298500028 PM 19107798 ER PT J AU Sotka, EE McCarty, A Monroe, EA Oakman, N Van Dolah, FM AF Sotka, Erik E. McCarty, Amanda Monroe, Emily A. Oakman, Nicole Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Benthic Herbivores are not Deterred by Brevetoxins Produced by the Red Tide Dinoflagellate Karenia Brevis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Herbivory; Harmful algal bloom; Seagrass; Epiphytic algae; Benthic food web ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; FOOD WEBS; TAMPA BAY; FLORIDA; TOXINS; FISH; CONSEQUENCES; BIVALVE AB Gulf of Mexico blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis produce neurotoxic cyclic polyethers called brevetoxins. During and after a red tide bloom in southwestern Florida, K. brevis cells lyse and release brevetoxins, which then sink to the benthos and coat the surfaces of seagrasses and their epiphytes. We tested the possibility that these brevetoxin-laden foods alter the feeding behavior and fitness of a common benthic herbivore within Floridean seagrass beds, the amphipod Ampithoe longimana. We demonstrated that coating foods with K. brevis extracts that contain brevetoxins at post-bloom concentrations (1 mu g g(-1) drymass) does not alter the feeding rates of Florida nor North Carolina populations of A. longimana, although a slight deterrent effect was found at eight and ten-fold greater concentrations. During a series of feeding choice assays, A. longimana tended not to be deterred by foods coated with K. brevis extracts nor with the purified brevetoxins PbTx-2 and PbTx-3. Florida juveniles isolated with either extract-coated or control foods for 10 days did not differ in survivorship nor growth. A similar lack of feeding response to brevetoxin-laden foods also was exhibited by two other generalist herbivores of the southeastern United States, the amphipod A. valida and the urchin Arbacia punctulata. Given that benthic mesograzers constitute a significant portion of the diet for the juvenile stage of many nearshore fishes, we hypothesize that the ability of some mesograzers to feed on and retain brevetoxins in their bodies indicates that mesograzers may represent an important route of vertical transmission of brevetoxins through higher trophic levels within Gulf of Mexico estuaries. C1 [Sotka, Erik E.; McCarty, Amanda; Oakman, Nicole] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sotka, Erik E.; McCarty, Amanda; Oakman, Nicole] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Monroe, Emily A.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Monroe, Emily A.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Sotka, EE (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM SotkaE@cofc.edu FU NSF [DBI-0552828, OCE-0550245]; Department of Defense ASSURE Program FX We thank Marie DeLorenzo, Spencer Fire, Hannah Giddens, Tod Leighfield, and Zhihong Wang for brevetoxin analyses, fruitful discussion or both. N. O. was supported by an NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates fellowship (DBI-0552828) and the Department of Defense ASSURE Program. E. E. S. and A. M. were supported by a grant from NSF (OCE-0550245). This is Grice Marine Laboratory publication number 342 and NOAA CCEHBR CL-1460. The National Ocean Service does not approve, recommend or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 35 IS 7 BP 851 EP 859 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9658-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 473YZ UT WOS:000268250600013 PM 19590925 ER PT J AU Lebassi, B Gonzalez, J Fabris, D Maurer, E Miller, N Milesi, C Switzer, P Bornstein, R AF Lebassi, Bereket Gonzalez, Jorge Fabris, Drazen Maurer, Edwin Miller, Norman Milesi, Cristina Switzer, Paul Bornstein, Robert TI Observed 1970-2005 Cooling of Summer Daytime Temperatures in Coastal California SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CLIMATE-CHANGE; MONTANE CLOUD FORESTS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; LOWLAND DEFORESTATION; MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; LAND-USE; TRENDS; IMPACTS; METHODOLOGY AB This study evaluated 1950-2005 summer [June-August (JJA)] mean monthly air temperatures for two California air basins: the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA). The study focuses on the more rapid post-1970 warming period, and its daily minima temperature T-min and maxima temperature T-max values were used to produce average monthly values and spatial distributions of trends for each air basin. Additional analyses included concurrent SSTs, 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) sea level coastal pressure gradients, and GCM-downscaled average temperature T-ave values. Results for all 253 California National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) sites together showed increased T-ave values (0.238 degrees C decade(-1)); asymmetric warming, as T-min values increase faster than T-max values (0.27 degrees versus 0.04 degrees C decade(-1)) and thus decreased daily temperature range (DTR) values (0.15 degrees C decade(-1)). The spatial distribution of observed SoCAB and SFBA T-max values exhibited a complex pattern, with cooling (-0.30 degrees C decade(-1)) in low-elevation coastal areas open to marine air penetration and warming (0.32 degrees C decade(-1)) in inland areas. Results also showed that decreased DTR values in the basins arose from small increases at inland sites (0.16 degrees C decade(-1)) combined with large decreases (20.58 degrees C decade(-1)) at coastal sites. It is also possible that some of the current observed temperature trends could be associated with low-frequency decadal variability, expected even with a constant radiative forcing. Previous studies suggest that cooling JJA T-max values in coastal California were a result of increased irrigation, coastal upwelling, or cloud cover. The current hypothesis is that they arise (as a possible "reverse reaction'') from the global warming of inland areas, which results in increased sea-breeze flow activity. GCM model T-ave warming decreased from 0.13 degrees C decade(-1) at inland sites to 0.08 degrees C decade(-1) in coastal areas. Sea level pressure increased in the Pacific high and decreased in the thermal low. The corresponding gradient thus showed a trend of 0.04 hPa 100 km(-1) decade(-1), supportive of the hypothesis of increased sea-breeze activity. C1 [Lebassi, Bereket; Gonzalez, Jorge; Fabris, Drazen] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Maurer, Edwin] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Miller, Norman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. [Milesi, Cristina] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Milesi, Cristina] Univ Corp Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA USA. [Switzer, Paul] Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Switzer, Paul] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm & Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bornstein, Robert] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Gonzalez, J (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA, CREST, Steinman Hall T-238, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gonzalez@me.ccny.cuny.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; FU Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI); WCRP Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM); Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank Prof. Alan Robock of Rutgers University for his insightful comments. We also thank the School of Engineering, Santa Clara University for funding the lead author. We also acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving CMIP3 model output and the WCRP Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for organizing the model data analysis. The WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset is supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 55 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 22 IS 13 BP 3558 EP 3573 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2111.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 472JQ UT WOS:000268127300003 ER PT J AU Lema, SC Dickey, JT Schultz, IR Swanson, P AF Lema, Sean C. Dickey, Jon T. Schultz, Irvin R. Swanson, Penny TI Thyroid hormone regulation of mRNAs encoding thyrotropin beta-subunit, glycoprotein alpha-subunit, and thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta in brain, pituitary gland, liver, and gonads of an adult teleost, Pimephales promelas SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; AIR-BREATHING CATFISH; FATHEAD MINNOW; MOLECULAR-CLONING; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; NEONATAL-HYPOTHYROIDISM; CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; FISH DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASES AB Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate growth, morphological development, and migratory behaviors in teleost fish, yet little is known about the transcriptional dynamics of gene targets for THs in these taxa. Here, we characterized TH regulation of mRNAs encoding thyrotropin subunits and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in an adult teleost fish model, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Breeding pairs of adult minnows were fed diets containing 3,5, 3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T-3) or the goitrogen methimazole for 10 days. In males and females, dietary intake of exogenous T-3 elevated circulating total T-3, while methimazole depressed plasma levels of total thyroxine (T-4). In both sexes, this methimazole-induced reduction in T-4 led to elevated mRNA abundance for thyrotropin beta-subunit (tsh beta) in the pituitary gland. Fish treated with T-3 had elevated transcript levels for TR isoforms alpha and beta (tr alpha and tr beta) in the liver and brain, but reduced levels of brain mRNA for the immediate-early gene basic transcription factor-binding protein (bteb). In the ovary and testis, exogenous T-3 elevated gene transcripts for tsh beta, glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (gph alpha), and tr beta, while not affecting tr alpha levels. Taken together, these results demonstrate negative feedback of T-4 on pituitary tsh beta, identify tr alpha and tr beta as T-3-autoinduced genes in the brain and liver, and provide new evidence that tsh beta, gph alpha, and tr beta are THs regulated in the gonad of teleosts. Adult teleost models are increasingly used to evaluate the endocrine-disrupting effects of chemical contaminants, and our results provide a systemic assessment of TH-responsive genes during that life stage. Journal of Endocrinology (2009) 202, 43-54 C1 [Lema, Sean C.; Swanson, Penny] NOAA Fisheries, Physiol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dickey, Jon T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schultz, Irvin R.] Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Lema, SC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Ctr Marine Sci, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM lemas@uncw.edu FU West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH); NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX This publication was supported by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, USA, NR 73 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 28 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 EI 1479-6805 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 202 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1677/JOE-08-0472 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 530YS UT WOS:000272629500006 PM 19380459 ER PT J AU Kretzschmar, HJ Harvey, AH Knobloch, K Mares, R Miyagawa, K Okita, N Span, R Stocker, I Wagner, W Weber, I AF Kretzschmar, H.-J. Harvey, A. H. Knobloch, K. Mares, R. Miyagawa, K. Okita, N. Span, R. Stoecker, I. Wagner, W. Weber, I. TI Supplementary Backward Equations v(p,T) for the Critical and Supercritical Regions (Region 3) of the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE boilers; critical points; power engineering; steam; steam turbines; thermodynamics; water AB When steam power cycles are modeled, thermodynamic properties as functions of pressure and temperature are required in the critical and supercritical regions (region 3 of IAPWS-IF97). With IAPWS-IF97, such calculations require cumbersome iterative calculations, because temperature and volume are the independent variables in the formulation for this region. In order to reduce the computing time, the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) adopted a set of backward equations for volume as a function of pressure and temperature in region 3. The necessary numerical consistency is achieved by dividing the region into 20 subregions, plus auxiliary subregions near the critical point in which the consistency requirements are relaxed due to the singular behavior at the critical point. In this work, we provide complete documentation of these equations, along with a discussion of their numerical consistency and the savings in computer time. The numerical consistency of these equations should be sufficient for most applications in heat-cycle, boiler, and steam-turbine calculations; if even higher consistency is required, the equations may be used to generate guesses for iterative procedures. C1 [Kretzschmar, H.-J.; Knobloch, K.; Stoecker, I.] Zittau Goerlitz Univ Appl Sci, Dept Tech Thermodynam, D-02754 Zittau, Germany. [Harvey, A. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mares, R.] Univ W Bohemia, Dept Tech Thermodynam, CZ-30614 Plzen, Czech Republic. [Okita, N.] Toshiba Co Ltd, Thermal Plant Syst Project Dept, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. [Span, R.; Wagner, W.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Chair Thermodynam, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Weber, I.] Siemens AG, Fossil Power Generat, D-91050 Erlangen, Germany. RP Kretzschmar, HJ (reprint author), Zittau Goerlitz Univ Appl Sci, Dept Tech Thermodynam, POB 1455, D-02754 Zittau, Germany. EM hj.kretzschmar@hs-zigr.de OI Span, Roland/0000-0002-8350-8285 FU Saxony State Ministry of Science and Art in Germany FX The authors are indebted to other members of the IAPWS Working Groups "Industrial Requirements and Solutions" and "Thermophysical Properties of Water and Steam." They are grateful to all of their IAPWS colleagues who contributed to the project of the development of supplementary equations for IAPWS-IF97. Two of the authors (H.-J.K. and K. K.) are particularly grateful to the Saxony State Ministry of Science and Art in Germany for its financial support. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2009 VL 131 IS 4 AR 043101 DI 10.1115/1.3028630 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 434OZ UT WOS:000265285300018 ER PT J AU Gwynne, SMV Kuligowski, ED AF Gwynne, S. M. V. Kuligowski, E. D. TI Simulating a Building as a People Movement System SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Simulation; model; application; people movement; ingress; circulation; egress ID EVACUATION AB Egress models are being used more frequently to simulate people movement; i.e., how people enter, use, and leave a building. However, little has been written on the different phases of people movement over the lifecycle of the building that can be examined and how these models may achieve this. In addition, little has been written on how these phases interact. This interaction may be due to these different phases occurring simultaneously or when an individual's experience in one phase (e. g., entering a building) influences another ( e. g., route selection when leaving). This paper presents six modes in which an egress model can be applied: Naive, Operational, Predictive, Engineered, Real-Time, and Interactive. The paper describes what is needed to enable these application modes, in terms of data, expertise, and model functionality and the benefits that these modes provide. These modes should appear in the same model enabling a comprehensive and integrated representation of people movement, and the factors that influence it, to be produced. C1 [Gwynne, S. M. V.] Hughes Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kuligowski, E. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Gwynne, SMV (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, 3515 28th St 307, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM sgwynne@haifire.com NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 27 IS 4 BP 343 EP 368 DI 10.1177/0734904109102387 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 475CL UT WOS:000268333300003 ER PT J AU Cruz, EMV Brown, CL AF Cruz, E. M. Vera Brown, C. L. TI Influence of the photoperiod on growth rate and insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eye colour pattern; growth indicator; hepatic IGF-I ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SUBORDINATE RAINBOW-TROUT; MESSENGER-RNA; ATLANTIC SALMON; IGF-I; SOMATIC GROWTH; SOCIAL RANK; DAY LENGTH; EYE COLOR AB The effects of the duration of the light phase photoperiod (8 h light or 16 h light) on the growth and hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated. There was a slight but not significant tendency for fish in the long light phase group (L(P)) to display elevated specific growth rate (G) both in mass (M) and standard length (L(S)) compared with that in the short light phase group (S(P);P = 0.057 for G(M);P = 0.055 for G(L)). Significantly, higher food conversion efficiency was observed in the L(P) than in the S(P). There were significant positive correlations between IGF-I concentrations and G, both in M and L(S). A significantly negative correlation was observed between IGF-I mRNA level and eye colour pattern. The lack of significant differences in G and hepatic IGF-I gene expression, despite the significant difference in feed conversion efficiency, may be related partly to the development of different levels of social interactions in the different groups within a photoperiod regime leading to increased variation of results within each group. These findings suggest that hepatic IGF-I gene expression has potential utility as a growth rate indicator for this species of fish and social status, as quantified by eye colour pattern, appears to be a much stronger determinant of growth rate and IGF-I transcript level than does light phase photoperiod length. C1 [Cruz, E. M. Vera; Brown, C. L.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Cruz, E. M. Vera] Cent Luzon State Univ, Coll Fisheries & Freshwater Aquaculture Ctr, Sci City Munoz 3120, Philippines. RP Brown, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Christopher.L.Brown@noaa.gov FU Florida International University (FIU); Central Luzon State University; Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP); USAID [LAG-G-00-96-90015-00] FX This research resulted from the joint efforts of the Florida International University (FIU), Central Luzon State University, and the Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP), funded in part by USAID Grant No. LAG-G-00-96-90015-00. The Aquaculture CRSP accession number is 1315. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of these agencies. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 75 IS 1 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02271.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 476QX UT WOS:000268459500009 PM 20738487 ER PT J AU Langford, AO Senff, CJ Banta, RM Hardesty, RM Alvarez, RJ Sandberg, SP Darby, LS AF Langford, A. O. Senff, C. J. Banta, R. M. Hardesty, R. M. Alvarez, R. J., II Sandberg, Scott P. Darby, Lisa S. TI Regional and local background ozone in Houston during Texas Air Quality Study 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to isolate the common modes of behavior in the daily maximum 8-h average ozone mixing ratios measured at 30 Continuous Ambient Monitoring Stations in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria area during the Second Texas Air Quality Study field intensive (1 August to 15 October 2006). Three principal components suffice to explain 93% of the total variance. Nearly 84% is explained by the first component, which is attributed to changes in the "regional background" determined primarily by the large-scale winds. The second component (6%) is attributed to changes in the "local background," that is, ozone photochemically produced in the Houston area and spatially and temporally averaged by local circulations. Finally, the third component (3.5%) is attributed to short-lived plumes containing high ozone originating from industrial areas along Galveston Bay and the Houston Ship Channel. Regional background ozone concentrations derived using the first component compare well with mean ozone concentrations measured above the Gulf of Mexico by the tunable profiler for aerosols and ozone lidar aboard the NOAA Twin Otter. The PCA regional background values also agree well with background values derived using the lowest daily 8-h maximum method of Nielsen-Gammon et al. (2005), provided the Galveston Airport data (C34) are omitted from that analysis. The differences found when Galveston is included are caused by the sea breeze, which depresses ozone at Galveston relative to sites further inland. PCA removes the effects of this and other local circulations to obtain a regional background value representative of the greater Houston area. C1 [Langford, A. O.; Senff, C. J.; Banta, R. M.; Hardesty, R. M.; Alvarez, R. J., II; Sandberg, Scott P.; Darby, Lisa S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Senff, C. J.; Alvarez, R. J., II] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Langford, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.o.langford@noaa.gov RI Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Sandberg, Scott/I-4875-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Darby, Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; FU Air Quality and the Climate Research and Modeling Programs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) FX The Air Quality and the Climate Research and Modeling Programs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) supported this work. The authors would like to thank one of the anonymous reviewers for pointing out the differences between the regulatory and supplemental CAMS monitors and many other helpful suggestions. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F12 DI 10.1029/2008JD011687 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 466ED UT WOS:000267642700001 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, MP Crawford, CW Pines, A Wemmer, DE Knappe, S Kitching, J Budker, D AF Ledbetter, M. P. Crawford, C. W. Pines, A. Wemmer, D. E. Knappe, S. Kitching, J. Budker, D. TI Optical detection of NMR J-spectra at zero magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Atomic magnetometers; Zero-field NMR; Microfluidics; Scalar coupling ID ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; RESONANCE; CELLS AB Scalar couplings of the form JI(1) . I(2) between nuclei impart valuable information about molecular structure to nuclear magnetic-resonance spectra. Here we demonstrate direct detection of J-spectra due to both heteronuclear and homonuclear J-coupling in a zero-field environment where the Zeeman interaction is completely absent. We show that characteristic functional groups exhibit distinct spectra with straightforward interpretation for chemical identification. Detection is performed with a microfabricated optical atomic magnetometer, providing high sensitivity to samples of microliter volumes. We obtain 0.1 Hz linewidths and measure scalar-coupling parameters with 4-mHz statistical uncertainty. We anticipate that the technique described here will provide a new modality for high-precision" J spectroscopy" using small samples oil microchip devices for multiplexed Screening, assaying, and sample identification in chemistry and biomedicine. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ledbetter, M. P.; Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crawford, C. W.; Pines, A.; Wemmer, D. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pines, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Knappe, S.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ledbetter, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ledbetter@berkely.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 FU ONR-MURI [FD-N00014-05-1-0406]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Microsystems Technology Office of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX The authors sincerely appreciate useful discussions with E.L. Hahn, S.M. Rochester, L.-S. Bouchard, B.R. Patton, and V.M. Acosta. This work was Supported by the ONR-MURI Grant No. FD-N00014-05-1-0406, by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Material Sciences and Nuclear Science Divisions of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098, and by the Microsystems Technology Office of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). This work is a partial contribution of NIST, an agency of the United States government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 199 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.03.008 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 456YJ UT WOS:000266890300004 PM 19406678 ER PT J AU Bumrongjaroen, W Livingston, RA Neumann, DA Allen, AJ AF Bumrongjaroen, Walairat Livingston, Richard A. Neumann, Dan A. Allen, Andrew J. TI Characterization of fly ash reactivity in hydrating cement by neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID S-H GEL; TRICALCIUM SILICATE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; POROSITY AB Partial replacement of hydrating Portland cement by fly ash produces competing effects: it contributes calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel through the pozzolanic and alkali-activated reactions but dilutes the contribution of the main Portland cement reaction. To investigate this, two neutron-scattering methods were applied to density-fractionated lignite-type and bituminous-type fly ash/Portland cement pastes (20% by mass replacement). Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measured the effect of the fly ash on the fractal C-S-H microstructure, whereas inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measured the pozzolanic reaction in terms of calcium hydroxide (CH) consumption. The CH consumption increased with the effective density fraction, and the fractal microstructure evolved more slowly for all fly ash mixes compared with the pure cement control. However, gel volume measured by SANS showed no correlation with the CH consumption measured by INS. The implications of these results are discussed. C1 [Livingston, Richard A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bumrongjaroen, Walairat] Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Neumann, Dan A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allen, Andrew J.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Livingston, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rliving1@umd.edu RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 FU Federal Highway Administration through the National Research Council's Resident Associate Program FX The authors thank Dr. Terry J. Udovic for assistance with sample characterization and experimental design. The authors have greatly benefited from discussions with Dr. Jeffrey J. Thomas of Northwestern University concerning the calcium hydroxide content in cement. This research was supported by the Federal Highway Administration through the National Research Council's Resident Associate Program. Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified in this paper only to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation by NIST nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this put-pose. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 2435 EP 2448 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0267 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 465TI UT WOS:000267610100036 ER PT J AU Holmes, GA Kim, JH McDonough, WG Riley, MA Rice, KD AF Holmes, Gale A. Kim, Jae Hyun McDonough, Walter G. Riley, Michael A. Rice, Kirk D. TI A detailed investigation of the mechanical properties of polybenzoxazole fibers within soft body armor SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Using the modified-single fiber test developed by Holmes and colleagues (J Appl Polym 2008), a detailed analysis of fibers extracted from soft body armor comprised of polybenzoxazole (PBO) fibers was performed. The data indicate that hydrolytic degradation of these ballistic fibers is accompanied by degradation associated with folding (or fatigue-induced degradation) and an undefined degradation mechanism associated with vest use that appears to target the horizontal yarns of the alternating 0A degrees/90A degrees woven layers. These additional failure mechanisms have the potential to create localized regions in the PBO soft body armor which are significantly lower than the homogeneous degradation expected from uniform hydrolysis. Results also indicate that the absence of ballistic penetrations in the initial study conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology may be associated with using the properties of the fibers from the back panel of a compromised vest as representative of the properties in the front panel that was penetrated. Analysis of a field return vest showed the front panel to be significantly more degraded than the back panel. C1 [Holmes, Gale A.; Kim, Jae Hyun; McDonough, Walter G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Riley, Michael A.; Rice, Kirk D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov RI Rice, Kirk/E-5775-2011 FU NIJ [2003-IJ-R-029] FX The authors would like to thank Stefan Leigh of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for his many helpful comments during the preparation of this manuscript. Funding support for the study was provided by NIJ under interagency agreement number 2003-IJ-R-029. NIJ is not responsible for the contents of this manuscript. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 14 BP 3619 EP 3625 DI 10.1007/s10853-009-3338-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 451EH UT WOS:000266453000001 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Hettenhouser, JW Moon, CK Holmes, GA AF Kim, J. H. Hettenhouser, J. W. Moon, C. K. Holmes, G. A. TI A fiber placement device and methodology for preparing 2-D and 3-D combinatorial microcomposites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL MULTIFIBER MICROCOMPOSITES; MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; FAILURE PHENOMENA; STRESS-CONCENTRATIONS; FIBROUS COMPOSITES; MODEL COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; MATRIX; ADHESION AB A fiber placement device is described and methodology is given for preparing two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) combinatorial microcomposites. Although 2-D microcomposites with uniform fiber spacing have been prepared previously, the preparation of uniformly spaced 3-D microcomposites with 6-20 mu m diameter fibers is new. The preparation of these combinatorial specimens was motivated by research results from reference [Li et al. (1995) Compos Sci Technol 54:251]. These results showed that the mean fragment length of the broken fibers in an array of fibers of the shear-lag models increases as the inter-fiber separation decreases. It was noted that shear-lag theory predicts the opposite effect. Therefore, specimens of this type are needed to unambiguously verify this trend. In addition, data from this new technology should delineate the factors that influence critical flaw nucleation in unidirectional laminate composites. C1 [Kim, J. H.; Moon, C. K.; Holmes, G. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Characterizat & Methods Dev Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hettenhouser, J. W.] Fabricat Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Characterizat & Methods Dev Grp, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 14 BP 3626 EP 3632 DI 10.1007/s10853-009-3362-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 451EH UT WOS:000266453000002 ER PT J AU Banerjee, DK Kattner, UR AF Banerjee, Dilip K. Kattner, Ursula R. TI Calculation of relative thermal elongation of structural steels SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUSTENITE AB In the recent past, there have been a number of studies toward predicting the thermal and structural behavior of components subjected to elevated temperature due to an exposure to fire. Numerical modeling has been applied quite extensively toward this end. An accurate numerical model requires the use of appropriate thermophysical properties of the materials such as steels, concretes etc. Recent investigations into the collapse of World Trade Center building 7 showed that thermal expansion played an important role in the generation of stresses at elevated temperatures in components that are restrained structurally [Structural fire response and probable collapse sequence of World Trade Center Building 7, NIST NCSTR 1-9, November 2008]. In this article, relative thermal elongations of structural steels are computed using an approach similar to the one proposed by Andres et al. [Scr Mater 39: 791, 1998] but with a novel method of computing volume phase fractions using a thermodynamic database in conjunction with Thermo-Calc [Thermo-Calc Software (2009) http://www.thermocalc.com, Stockholm Technology Park, Bjornnasvagen 21, SE-113 47 Stockholm, Sweden], a software that performs standard equilibrium calculations and calculation of thermodynamic quantities based on thermodynamic databases. Thermal expansion coefficient values were computed for a steel of eutectoid composition and an ASTM A572 Grade 50 steel. While the volume fractions of phases for A572 steel were computed using the thermodynamic approach, those for the eutectoid steel were computed using an approach similar to the one proposed in reference [ Scr Mater 39: 791, 1998]. The computed values of relative thermal elongation were compared with the values obtained from Eurocode. While the match was reasonable for the most part, there are significant differences in the values obtained during the phase transformation range (967 1,086 K for ASTM A572 Grade 50 steel). Also, the computed values were compared against those recommended during the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) World Trade Center failure investigation. Reasonable agreement was achieved in the temperature range between room temperature and 600 degrees C (873 K). C1 [Banerjee, Dilip K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kattner, Ursula R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, DK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Dilip.Banerjee@nist.gov; Ursula.Kattner@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 44 IS 14 BP 3741 EP 3746 DI 10.1007/s10853-009-3500-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 451EH UT WOS:000266453000016 ER PT J AU Villarrubia, JS Ding, ZJ AF Villarrubia, John S. Ding, Zejun J. TI Sensitivity of scanning electron microscope width measurements to model assumptions SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE critical dimension; model-based metrology; scanning electron microscopy; secondary electron generation; uncertainty ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; SECONDARY-ELECTRON; STOPPING POWER; DIMENSIONAL METROLOGY; LIBRARY; SOLIDS; LINES; BIAS AB The most accurate width measurements in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) require raw images to be corrected for instrumental artifacts. Corrections are based on a physical model that describes the sample-instrument interaction. Models differ in their approaches or approximations in the treatment of scattering cross sections, secondary electron generation, material properties, scattering at the surface potential barrier, etc. Corrections that use different models produce different width estimates. We have implemented eight models in the Java Monte Carlo simulator for secondary electrons (JMONSEL) SEM simulator. Two are phenomenological models based on fitting measured yield versus energy curves. Two are based on a binary scattering model. Four are variants of a dielectric function approach. These models are compared to each other in pairwise simulations in which the output of one model is fit to the other by using adjustable parameters similar to those used to fit measured data. The differences in their edge position parameters is then a measure of how much these models differ with respect to a width measurement. With electron landing energy, beam width, and other parameters typical of those used in industrial critical dimension measurements, the models agreed to within +/- 2.0 nm on silicon and +/- 2.6 nm on copper in 95% of comparisons. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3190168] C1 [Villarrubia, John S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ding, Zejun J.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Ding, Zejun J.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Villarrubia, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM John.Villarrubia@nist.gov FU NIST; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10874160] FX The work of JSV was funded by NIST's Office of Microelectronics Programs and the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory. That of ZJD was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10874160). JSV is grateful for helpful discussions with Dr. Jeremiah Lowney. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 8 IS 3 AR 033003 DI 10.1117/1.3190168 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 507UY UT WOS:000270881800021 ER PT J AU Jensen, P Urban, S Yamada, KMT Hougen, JT AF Jensen, Per Urban, Stepan Yamada, Koichi M. T. Hougen, Jon T. TI PRAHA2008. The 20th International Conference on High Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy Prague, Czech Republic, September 2-6, 2008 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jensen, Per] Berg Univ Wuppertal, FB C Theroet Chem, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Urban, Stepan] Prague Inst Chem Technol, Fac Chem Engn, CZ-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Urban, Stepan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, J Heyrovsky Inst Phys Chem, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Yamada, Koichi M. T.] AIST Tsukuba W, Inst Environm Management Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. [Hougen, Jon T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jensen, P (reprint author), Berg Univ Wuppertal, FB C Theroet Chem, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. EM jensen@uni-wuppertal.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 256 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2009.02.001 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 475XO UT WOS:000268400600001 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Park, IW Mishra, B Pinkas, M Moore, JJ Anton, JM Kim, KH Voevodin, AA Levashov, EA AF Lin, Jianliang Park, In-Wook Mishra, Brajendra Pinkas, Malki Moore, John J. Anton, Jennifer M. Kim, Kwang Ho Voevodin, Andrey A. Levashov, Evgeny A. TI Processing, Structure, and Properties of Nanostructured Multifunctional Tribological Coatings SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Meeting on Developments in Materials, Processes and Applications of Nanotechnology (MPA 2007) CY JAN 15, 2007 CL Univ Ulster, Belfast, NORTH IRELAND HO Univ Ulster DE Nanostructureed; Multifunctional; Tribological Coatings; Process; Structure ID SPUTTERING P-CFUBMS; LANGMUIR PROBE MEASUREMENTS; N NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETRON; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE; SYSTEM AB Nanostructured, nanocomposite binary (TiC-a:C), ternary (Cr-Al-N), quaternary (Ti-B-C-N) and quinternary (Ti-Si-B-C-N) multicomponent films have been deposited using unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBMS) and closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS) from both elemental and composite targets. Approaches to control the film chemistry, volume fraction and size of the multicomponent species, and pulsed ion energy (ion flux) bombardment to tailor the structure and properties of the films for specific tribological applications, e.g., low friction coefficient and low wear rate, are emphasized. The synthesized films are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoindentation, and microtribometry. The relationships between processing parameters (pulsed ion energy and ion flux), thin film microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties are being investigated in terms of the nanocrystalline-nanocrystalline and nanocrystalline-amorphous composite thin film systems that are generated. In the Ti-Si-B-C-N films, nanocomposites of solid solutions, e.g., nanosized (Ti,C,N)B-2 and Ti(C,N) crystallites are embedded in an amorphous TiSi2 and SiC matrix including some carbon, SiB4, BN, CNx, TiO2 and B2O3 components. The Ti-Si-B-C-N coating with up to 150 W Si target power exhibited a hardness of about 35 GPa, a high H/E ratio of 0.095, and a low wear rate of from similar to 3 to similar to 10 x 10(-6) mm(3)/(Nm). In another aspect, using increased ion energy and ion flux, which are generated by pulsing the power of the target(s) in a closed field arrangement, to provide improved ion bombardment on tailoring the structure and properties of TiC-a:C and Cr-Al-N coatings are demonstrated. It was found that highly energetic species (up to hundreds eV) were found in the plasma by pulsing the power of the target(s) during magnetron sputtering. Applying higher pulse frequency and longer reverse time (lower duty cycle) will result in higher ion energy and ion flux in the plasma, which can be utilized to improve the film structure and properties. For example, optimum properties of the TiC-a:C coating were a hardness of 35 to 40 GPa and a COF of 0.2 to 0.22 for moderate maximum ion energies of 70 to 100 eV, and a super high hardness of 41 GPa and low wear rate of 3.41 x 10(-6) mm(3) N(-1)m(-1) was obtained for Cr-Al-N coatings deposited with a maximum ion energy of 122 eV These conditions can be achieved by adjusting the pulsing parameters and target voltages. However, the pulsed ion energy together with the applied substrate bias are need to be carefully controlled in order to avoid excessive ion bombardment (e.g., the maximum ion energy is larger than 180 eV in the current study), which will responsible for an increase in point and line defects, and high residual stress in the crystalline structure. C1 [Lin, Jianliang; Park, In-Wook; Mishra, Brajendra; Pinkas, Malki; Moore, John J.] Colorado Sch Mines, ACSEL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Anton, Jennifer M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kim, Kwang Ho] Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Levashov, Evgeny A.] Moscow State Inst Steels & Alloys, Moscow 119049, Russia. RP Moore, JJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, ACSEL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lin, Jianliang/F-8405-2012; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 9 IS 7 SI SI BP 4073 EP 4084 DI 10.1166/jnn.2009.M13 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 470QN UT WOS:000267994000013 PM 19916411 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, H Snyder, M Uhlen, M Andrews, P Beavis, R Borchers, C Chalkley, RJ Cho, SY Cottingham, K Dunn, M Dylag, T Edgar, R Hare, P Heck, AJR Hirsch, RF Kennedy, K Kolar, P Kraus, HJ Mallick, P Nesvizhskii, A Ping, PP Ponten, F Yang, LM Yates, JR Stein, SE Hermjakob, H Kinsinger, CR Apweiler, R AF Rodriguez, Henry Snyder, Mike Uhlen, Mathias Andrews, Phil Beavis, Ronald Borchers, Christoph Chalkley, Robert J. Cho, Sang Yun Cottingham, Katie Dunn, Michael Dylag, Tomasz Edgar, Ron Hare, Peter Heck, Albert J. R. Hirsch, Roland F. Kennedy, Karen Kolar, Patrik Kraus, Hans-Joachim Mallick, Parag Nesvizhskii, Alexey Ping, Peipei Ponten, Fredrik Yang, Liming Yates, John R. Stein, Stephen E. Hermjakob, Henning Kinsinger, Christopher R. Apweiler, Rolf TI Recommendations from the 2008 International Summit on Proteomics Data Release and Sharing Policy: The Amsterdam Principles SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proteomic; data; policy; release; resource; sharing; Bermuda principles; Amsterdam principles; open; standards AB Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of genomic data have directly fueled the accelerated pace of discovery in large-scale genomics research. The proteomics community is starting to implement analogous policies and infrastructure for making large-scale proteomics data widely available on a precompetitive basis. On August 14, 2008, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened the "International Summit on Proteomics Data Release and Sharing Policy" in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, to identify and address potential roadblocks to rapid and open access to data. The six principles agreed upon by key stakeholders at the summit addressed issues surrounding (1) timing, (2) comprehensiveness, (3) format, (4) deposition to repositories, (5) quality metrics, and (6) responsibility for proteomics data release. This summit report explores various approaches to develop a framework of data release and sharing principles that will most effectively fulfill the needs of the funding agencies and the research community. C1 [Rodriguez, Henry; Kinsinger, Christopher R.] NCI, Ctr Strateg Sci Initiat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Snyder, Mike] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT 06620 USA. [Uhlen, Mathias] KTH AlabNova Univ Ctr, KTH Biotechnol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Andrews, Phil] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol Chem, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Beavis, Ronald] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Borchers, Christoph] Univ Victoria, Prote Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Chalkley, Robert J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Cho, Sang Yun] Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Proteome Res Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Cottingham, Katie] Amer Chem Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Dunn, Michael] Wellcome Trust Res Labs, London, England. [Dylag, Tomasz; Kolar, Patrik; Kinsinger, Christopher R.] European Commiss, Directorate Gen Res, Brussels, Belgium. [Edgar, Ron] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hare, Peter] Nat Biotechnol, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Heck, Albert J. R.; Nesvizhskii, Alexey] Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Hirsch, Roland F.] US DOE, OffBiol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Kennedy, Karen] Genome Canada, Int Genom Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Kraus, Hans-Joachim] Wiley VCH Verlag, Weinheim, Germany. [Mallick, Parag] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Spielberg Family Ctr Appl Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Nesvizhskii, Alexey] Univ Michigan, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ping, Peipei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Cardiol, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ponten, Fredrik] Uppsala Univ, Dept Genet & Pathol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Yang, Liming] NCI, Ctr Biomed Informat & Informat Technol, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. [Yates, John R.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Physiol Chem, La Jolla, CA 93037 USA. [Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hermjakob, Henning; Apweiler, Rolf] European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge, England. RP Rodriguez, H (reprint author), NCI, Ctr Strateg Sci Initiat, NIH, 31 Ctr Dr,MS 2590, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rodriguezh@mail.nih.gov RI Heck, Albert/D-7098-2011; Nesvizhskii, Alexey/A-5410-2012; OI Heck, Albert/0000-0002-2405-4404; Nesvizhskii, Alexey/0000-0002-2806-7819; Apweiler, Rolf/0000-0001-7078-200X; Ping, Peipei/0000-0003-3583-3881; Andrews, Philip/0000-0001-6843-5420; Hermjakob, Henning/0000-0001-8479-0262 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 CA999999] NR 8 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 8 IS 7 BP 3689 EP 3692 DI 10.1021/pr900023z PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 466WL UT WOS:000267694600043 PM 19344107 ER PT J AU Zeisler, R Greenberg, RR Mackey, EA Murphy, KE Spatz, RO Tomlin, BE AF Zeisler, R. Greenberg, R. R. Mackey, E. A. Murphy, K. E. Spatz, R. O. Tomlin, B. E. TI Challenges and successes in the use of neutron activation analysis procedures for value assignment of animal serum and bovine liver Standard Reference Materials SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences CY SEP 07-12, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE Chemical separation; Radiochemistry; Gamma-ray spectrometry; Low level trace elements AB Analyses for value assignment in the renewal Standard Reference Materials(A (R)) SRM 1598a Animal Serum and SRM 1577c Bovine Liver included extensive characterization by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Conventional instrumental NAA procedures were complemented by pre-irradiation chemical separations for the determination of Al, V, Mn, and Cu, radiochemical separations for the determination of Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Sb, and Se, and the use of (anti-) coincidence gamma-ray spectrometry systems for the instrumental determination of Ag, Cr, and Hg. The previous materials, SRMs 1598, 1577, and 1577b, were analyzed together with the new materials for quality control. C1 [Zeisler, R.; Greenberg, R. R.; Mackey, E. A.; Murphy, K. E.; Spatz, R. O.; Tomlin, B. E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rolf.zeisler@nist.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 281 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0089-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 476HG UT WOS:000268429200004 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA Spatz, RO AF Mackey, E. A. Spatz, R. O. TI Assessment of stability of trace elements in two natural matrix environmental standard reference materials: NIST-SRM 1547 Peach leaves and NIST-SRM 1566a Oyster Tissue SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences CY SEP 07-12, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE Certified Reference Material; Element analysis; Neutron activation analysis; Oyster tissue; Peach leaves; Stability ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; NATIONAL INSTITUTE AB The NIST program for environmental Standard Reference Materials (SRM) includes materials covering a range of matrices, mass fraction values and analytes. For many SRMs, mass fraction data are accumulated, incidentally, over time, as these are used routinely for quality assurance purposes. Although these are not formal stability studies, data generated may be useful in assessing stability. To evaluate the potential for assessing material stability from incidental use of SRMs, results of neutron activation analysis performed from 1992 through 2008 were compiled for SRM 1547 Peach Leaves and SRM 1566a Oyster Tissue. Results indicate that incidental use of SRMs yields useful information on SRM stability. C1 [Mackey, E. A.; Spatz, R. O.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mackey, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lmackey@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 281 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0073-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 476HG UT WOS:000268429200020 ER PT J AU Liu, YX Lee, YJ Cicerone, MT AF Liu, Yuexin Lee, Young Jong Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Fast extraction of resonant vibrational response from CARS spectra with arbitrary nonresonant background SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy (ECNOS)/1st European Conference on CARS Microscopy CY MAY 25-27, 2008 CL Igls, AUSTRIA DE spectroscopy; CARS; phase retrieval; Raman spectrum; nonresonant background ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; PHASE RETRIEVAL; ONE-LASER; COHERENT; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe a new, robust method of numerically extracting equivalent Raman spectra from coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra. The extraction procedure requires no a priori information regarding the vibrational resonances or the shape of the nonresonant background (NRB). The method we present here is robust to situations where the NRB is not spectrally flat, and is accurate over a wide range of signal-to-background ratios. This simple and quick computation method, which relies primarily on a small number of fast Fourier transforms, could reasonably be used in conjunction with spectral imaging, where millions of spectra must be analyzed. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Liu, Yuexin; Lee, Young Jong; Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008 OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 40 IS 7 BP 726 EP 731 DI 10.1002/jrs.2217 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 480MI UT WOS:000268738600004 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Miao, QX Liu, JJ Yang, WL AF Liu, Quanhua Miao, Qinxian Liu, Jue J. Yang, Wenli TI Solar and wind energy resources and prediction SO JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ATMOSPHERES; FUTURE AB Energy and environmental issues are among the most important problems of public concern. There are increasing debates about whether to resort to drilling more oil and mining more coal or to using renewable, sustainable, and clean resources such as solar and wind energies. Through our analyses and modeling on the basis of the National Center for Environment Prediction data, we confirm that the amount of usable solar and wind energies far exceeds the world's total energy demand, with technology feasibility being considered. We also investigated the accuracy of forecasting solar and wind energies. Forecasting is important for scheduling applications and storage of solar and wind energies. A realistic approach to maintaining uninterrupted solar-generated electricity at night and during cloudy days would be to store solar energy as heat for use on demand. It is also interesting for people to know how much solar and wind energies are available from their own house roofs and backyards. Using the advanced Google map technique, we have developed a web-based tool with which anyone can find solar and wind energy amounts at any location in the world. The tool is available at www.renewableenergyst.org. The website also provides much additional renewable energy information which is useful to a wide range of audiences, including students, educators, and the general public. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3168403] C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Miao, Qinxian] Renewable Energy Sci & Technol, Bowie, MD 20720 USA. [Liu, Jue J.] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Yang, Wenli] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1941-7012 J9 J RENEW SUSTAIN ENER JI J. Renew. Sustain. Energy PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 AR 043105 DI 10.1063/1.3168403 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 586GA UT WOS:000276892900006 ER PT J AU Feng, SC Joung, CB Vorburger, TV AF Feng, Shaw C. Joung, Che Bong Vorburger, Theodore V. TI Characterization of Probe Dynamic Behaviors in Critical Dimension Atomic Force Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic force; cantilever; critical dimension; compliance; microscopy; nanometrology; probe modeling; scanned probe AB This paper describes a detailed computational model of the interaction between an atomic force microscope probe tip and a sample surface. The model provides analyses of dynamic behaviors of the tip to estimate the probe deflections due to surface intermittent contact and the resulting dimensional biases and uncertainties. Probe tip and cantilever beam responses to intermittent contact between the probe tip and sample surface are computed using the finite element method. Intermittent contacts with a wall and a horizontal surface are computed and modeled, respectively. Using a 75 nm Critical Dimension (CD) tip as an example, the responses of the probe to interaction forces between the sample surface and the probe tip are shown in both time and frequency domains. In particular, interaction forces between the tip and both a vertical wall and a horizontal surface of a silicon sample are modeled using Lennard-Jones theory. The Snap-in and Snap-out of the probe tip in surface scanning are calculated and shown in the time domain. Based on the given tip-sample interaction force model, the calculation includes the compliance of the probe and dynamic forces generated by an excitation. Cantilever and probe tip deflections versus interaction forces in the time domain can be derived for both vertical contact with a plateau and horizontal contact with a side wall. Dynamic analysis using the finite element method and Lennard-Jones model provide a unique means to analyze the interaction of the probe and sample, including calculation of the deflection and the gap between the probe tip and the measured sample surface. C1 [Feng, Shaw C.; Joung, Che Bong; Vorburger, Theodore V.] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feng, SC (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shaw.feng@nist.gov; che.joung@nist.gov; theodore.vorburger@nist.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 114 IS 4 BP 201 EP 214 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 485NU UT WOS:000269131000001 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL He, HJ DeRose, P AF Gaigalas, A. K. Wang, Lili He, Hua-Jun DeRose, Paul TI Procedures for Wavelength Calibration and Spectral Response Correction of CCD Array Spectrometers SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CCD array spectrometer; fluorescence; spectral response correction; splicing procedure AB This work describes a procedure for acquiring a spectrum of an analyte over an extended range of wavelengths and validating the wavelength and intensity assignments. To acquire a spectrum over an extended range of wavelengths with a spectrometer with a charge coupled device (CCD) array detector, it is necessary to acquire many partial spectra, each at a different angular position of the grating, and splice the partial spectra into a single extended spectrum. The splicing procedure exposes instrument dependent artifacts. It is demonstrated that by taking a spectrum of a reference irradiance source and making spectral correction, the artifacts exposed by the splicing are removed from the analyte spectrum. This is because the irradiance reference spectrum contains the same artifacts as the analyte spectrum. The artifacts exposed by the splicing depend on the wavelength of the splice; therefore it is important to measure the irradiance reference spectrum for the same range of wavelengths used to measure the spectrum of the analyte solution. In other words, there is no general spectral correction factor which is applicable to spectra taken for different range of wavelengths. The wavelength calibration is also carried out by splicing many partial spectra from a source like a krypton lamp. However the wavelength assignments are not sensitive to the splicing procedure and the same wavelength calibration can be used for spectra acquired over different extended wavelength ranges. The wavelength calibration checks the validity of the setting of the grating angular position, and the assignment of wavelengths to individual pixels on the CCD array detector. The procedure is illustrated by measuring the spectrum of an orange glass and the spectrum of a suspension of microalgae. C1 [Gaigalas, A. K.; Wang, Lili; He, Hua-Jun; DeRose, Paul] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov; lili.wang@nist.gov; hua-jun.he@nist.gov; paul.derose@nist.gov NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 114 IS 4 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.6028/jres.114.015 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 485NU UT WOS:000269131000002 PM 27504223 ER PT J AU Garabedian, PR McFadden, GB AF Garabedian, Paul R. McFadden, Geoffrey B. TI Design of the DEMO Fusion Reactor Following ITER SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computational science; magnetic fusion; plasma physics ID TOKAMAK TRANSPORT; STABILITY; STELLARATORS AB Runs of the NSTAB nonlinear stability code show there are many three-dimensional (3D) solutions of the advanced tokamak problem subject to axially symmetric boundary conditions. These numerical simulations based on mathematical equations in conservation form predict that the ITER international tokamak project will encounter persistent disruptions and edge localized mode (ELMS) crashes. Test particle runs of the TRAN transport code suggest that for quasineutrality to prevail in tokamaks a certain minimum level of 3D asymmetry of the magnetic spectrum is required which is comparable to that found in quasiaxially symmetric (QAS) stellarators. The computational theory suggests that a QAS stellarator with two field periods and proportions like those of ITER is a good candidate for a fusion reactor. For a demonstration reactor (DEMO) we seek an experiment that combines the best features of ITER, with a system of QAS coils providing external rotational transform, which is a measure of the poloidal field. We have discovered a configuration with unusually good quasisymmetry that is ideal for this task. C1 [Garabedian, Paul R.] NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY 10012 USA. [McFadden, Geoffrey B.] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garabedian, PR (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM garabedian@cims.nyu.edu; geoffrey.mcfadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 114 IS 4 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.6028/jres.114.016 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 485NU UT WOS:000269131000003 PM 27504224 ER PT J AU Bennett, HS Andres, H Pellegrino, J AF Bennett, Herbert S. Andres, Howard Pellegrino, Joan TI A Method for Assigning Priorities to United States Measurement System (USMS) Needs: Nano-Electrotechnologies SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borda count method; measurement needs; median method; nano-electrotechnologies; priorities; rankings; standards; statistical significance; United States Measurement System AB In 2006, the National Institute of Standards and Technology conducted an assessment of the U.S. measurement system (USMS), which encompasses all private and public organizations that develop, supply, use, or ensure the validity of measurement results. As part of that assessment, NIST collaborated with Energetics Incorporated to identify and authenticate 723 measurement needs that are barriers to technological innovations. A number of these measurement needs (64) are relevant to accelerating innovation and commercialization of nano-electrotechnologies. In this paper, we apply the taxonomy from a 2008 international survey that established a global consensus of priorities for standards and measurements in nano-electrotechnologies to rank in priority order the relevant 64 USMS-identified measurement needs. This paper presents a method for assigning priorities that is statistically based and represents a global consensus of stakeholders. Such a method is needed because limited resources exist to address the large number of measurement needs in nano-electrotechnologies, and the most critical measurement needs should be addressed first. C1 [Bennett, Herbert S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Andres, Howard; Pellegrino, Joan] Energet Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Bennett, HS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM herbert.bennett@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST) FX The authors thank William Anderson, Stephen Knight, Joaquin Martinez, and Nicholas Paulter of the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST) for providing the funds to support the international survey on which the results of this paper depend and Clare Allocca, Director of the NIST USMS Office, for her many contributions to the USMS process and its ongoing assessment. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 114 IS 4 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.6028/jres.114.017 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 485NU UT WOS:000269131000004 PM 27504225 ER PT J AU Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin TI Interference suppression for code-division multiple-access communications in an underwater acoustic channel SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE code division multiple access; error statistics; interference suppression; matched filters; spread spectrum communication; underwater acoustic communication ID SEQUENCE SPREAD-SPECTRUM; MULTIUSER DETECTION STRATEGIES; SIGNALS AB In a code-division multiple-access communications network, the signal from a nearby user often creates a strong interference for the signal from a distant user. This is known as the near-far problem. Power control of source levels is ineffective in an underwater acoustic channel due to the slow sound speed. Interference rejection based on code orthogonality is ineffective using matched-filter processing due to the fact that multipath arrivals effectively destroy the code orthogonality and that the signal arrival times between different users are not synchronized. An algorithm, called hyperspace cancellation by coordinate zeroing, is used in this paper to remove/suppress interference. Using a fast Walsh-Hadamard transform (FWHT) based on the interferer's code sequence, the interference signal is enhanced and removed by coordinate zeroing. The residual signal is transformed back using an inverse FWHT. The filtered data, with the interference signal largely removed, are processed using the desired signal code sequence. Two methods previously developed for direct-sequence spread-spectrum communications in an underwater channel are used to extract the transmitted symbols. Low bit error rate (< 10(-2)) is found with the at-sea data for signal-to-interference ratio as low as -8 to -11 dB. C1 [Yang, T. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7120,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The UNet06 experiment was conducted under the auspices of The Technical Cooperative Program (TTCP) and the Office of Naval Research. The authors thank their colleagues at NRL and DRDC (Defense Research Development Canada) for their contributions to the UNet06 experiment. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1121/1.3147484 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 471NL UT WOS:000268065100033 PM 19603879 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Houser, DS Mase-Guthrie, B Ewing, RY Lingenfelser, RG AF Finneran, James J. Houser, Dorian S. Mase-Guthrie, Blair Ewing, Ruth Y. Lingenfelser, Robert G. TI Auditory evoked potentials in a stranded Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE auditory evoked potentials; bioacoustics ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ENVELOPE-FOLLOWING RESPONSE; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSES; HEARING MEASUREMENTS; GRAMPUS-GRISEUS; MARINE MAMMALS; RISSOS DOLPHIN; SENSITIVITY; CETACEANS; COHERENCE AB Efforts to identify the specific causal mechanisms responsible for beaked whale strandings coincident with naval exercises have been hampered by lack of data concerning the hearing abilities of beaked whales and their physiological and behavioral responses to sound. In this study, auditory capabilities of a stranded Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus) were investigated by measuring auditory evoked potentials. Click-evoked potentials, auditory thresholds as a function of frequency, and the modulation rate transfer function were determined. The evoked potentials and modulation rate transfer function were similar to those measured in other echolocating odontocetes; the upper limit of functional hearing was 80-90 kHz. C1 [Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, SSC Pacific, Biosci Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Houser, Dorian S.] BIOMIMETICA, La Mesa, CA 92071 USA. [Mase-Guthrie, Blair; Ewing, Ruth Y.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lingenfelser, Robert G.] Marine Mammal Conservancy, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, SSC Pacific, Biosci Div, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM james.finneran@navy.mil OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 FU National Marine Fisheries [1095-1837-00]; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX The volunteers and staff of the MMC provided valuable technical and logistical support for the hearing tests. T. Rowles, Coordinator of the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, was responsible for initially coordinating the AEP tests between the authors and the regional stranding network. Genetic identification was performed by P. Rosel and A. Viricel at the NMFS SEFSC Marine Mammal Molecular Genetics Laboratory. This work was performed under National Marine Fisheries Permit No. 1095-1837-00. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1 BP 484 EP 490 DI 10.1121/1.3133241 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 471NL UT WOS:000268065100060 PM 19603906 ER PT J AU Freiman, SW Wiederhorn, SM Mecholsky, JJ AF Freiman, Stephen W. Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. Mecholsky, John J., Jr. TI Environmentally Enhanced Fracture of Glass: A Historical Perspective SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; LIME-SILICATE GLASS; THIN-FILM GLASSES; STRESS-CORROSION; STATIC FATIGUE; VITREOUS SILICA; FUSED-SILICA; PLASTIC-FLOW; WATER-VAPOR; PROPAGATION AB In this paper, we review the phenomenon of delayed failure, a life-limiting process for glasses that are subjected to tensile stresses. With the development of crack-weakening theories (Ingles and Griffith) and the observation that surface damage enhances delayed failure, the scientific community recognized that delayed failure in glass is caused by the growth of cracks that are subjected to tensile stresses. Fracture mechanics techniques were used to quantify crack growth rates in terms of applied stress, temperature, and the chemical environments that cause subcritical crack growth. We review the theories that have been developed to rationalize subcritical crack growth data, including theories based on plastic deformation at the crack tip, chemical adsorption of the reacting species, and direct chemical reaction of the environment with the strained bonds at the crack tip. The latter theory seems to be most consistent with the finding that water reacts directly with the strained Si-O bond because of the ability of water to donate both electrons and protons to the strained bond. Other chemicals having this characteristic also cause subcritical crack growth. Finally, we review the quantum mechanical calculations that have been used to quantify the chemical reactions involved in subcritical crack growth. C1 [Freiman, Stephen W.; Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.; Mecholsky, John J., Jr.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov NR 94 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1371 EP 1382 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03097.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 463IV UT WOS:000267426500002 ER PT J AU Whittaker, L Jaye, C Fu, ZG Fischer, DA Banerjee, S AF Whittaker, Luisa Jaye, Cherno Fu, Zugen Fischer, Daniel A. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Depressed Phase Transition in Solution-Grown VO2 Nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; VANADIUM DIOXIDE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; NANOWIRES; OXIDES; TEMPERATURE AB The first-order metal-insulator phase transition in VO2 is characterized by an ultrafast several-orders-of-magnitude change in electrical conductivity and optical transmittance, which makes this material an attractive candidate for the fabrication of optical limiting elements, thermochromic coatings, and Mott field-effect transistors. Here, we demonstrate that the phase-transition temperature and hysteresis can be tuned by scaling VO2 to nanoscale dimensions. A simple hydrothermal protocol yields anisotropic freestanding single-crystalline VO2 nanostructures with a phase-transition temperature depressed to as low as 32 degrees C from 67 degrees C in the bulk. The observations here point to the importance of carefully controlling the stochiometry and dimensions of VO2 nanostructures to tune the phase transition in this system. C1 [Whittaker, Luisa; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fu, Zugen; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Acheson Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu FU University at Buffalo; Fulbright Foundation fellowship FX The authors gratefully acknowledge startup funding from the University at Buffalo. Dr. Yueling Qin is thanked for his assistance with TEM imaging and Prof. Javid Rzayev is thanked for allowing us access to his DSC instrument. L.W. acknowledges support through a Fulbright Foundation fellowship. The authors are grateful to Prof. Jim Atwood for his helpful comments on the manuscript. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 56 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 17 U2 144 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 25 BP 8884 EP 8894 DI 10.1021/ja902054w PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 465ZY UT WOS:000267631000042 PM 19505072 ER PT J AU Becerra, FE Willis, RT Rolston, SL Orozco, LA AF Becerra, F. E. Willis, R. T. Rolston, S. L. Orozco, L. A. TI Two-photon dichroic atomic vapor laser lock using electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED DIODE-LASER; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; SPECTRUM; RUBIDIUM; MEDIA; RB-87 AB We demonstrate a technique to lock the frequency of a laser to a transition between two excited states in Rb vapor using a two-photon process in the presence of a weak magnetic field. We use a ladder configuration from specific hyperfine sublevels of the 5S(1/2), 5P(3/2), and 5D(5/2) levels. This atomic configuration can show electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption processes. The error signal comes from the difference in the transparency or absorption felt by the two orthogonal polarizations of the probe beam. A simplified model is in good quantitative agreement with the observed signals for the experimental parameters. We have used this technique to lock the frequency of the laser up to 1.5 GHz off atomic resonance. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Becerra, F. E.; Willis, R. T.; Rolston, S. L.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.; Willis, R. T.; Rolston, S. L.; Orozco, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. RP Orozco, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT). NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1315 EP 1320 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 477TQ UT WOS:000268542200008 ER PT J AU Mcfee, WE Lipscomb, TP AF McFee, Wayne E. Lipscomb, Thomas P. TI MAJOR PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS AND PROBABLE CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS STRANDED IN SOUTH CAROLINA FROM 1993 TO 2006 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; cause of death; mortality; South Carolina; strandings; Tursiops truncatus ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS STRANDINGS; RECREATIONAL FISHING GEAR; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; MARINE MAMMALS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; FLORIDA; INFECTION; WATERS; COAST AB Although case-of-death information on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) can be located ill the literature, few Citations include mortality data over a long period of time covering it broad geographic region, This study describes major pathologic findings and probable causes of death of bottlenose dolphins over a 14-yr period (1993-2006) for the coastal region of South Carolina. Probable causes of death for 97 cases were determined based oil gross pathology and histopathology. In all additional 30 cases, probable cause of death was apparent from gross pathology alone, and carcass condition precluded histopathology. Of the 97 dolphins examined grossly and histologically, 30 (31%) likely died of infectious disease and 46 (47%) of nonfectious disease; the cause of death was unknown in 21 (22%). Bacterial infections accounted for the large majority of fatal infections and emaciation was the leading cause of noninfectious mortality. Twelve dolphins were killed by human interactions. Of the 30 dolphins diagnosed from gross examination alone, 23 likely died from human interaction and seven were killed by stingray-spine, inflictions, Although the absence of consistent use of microbiology, biotoxin analysis and contaminant testing decreases the conclusiveness of the findings, this study has broad implications ill establishing baseline data oil causes of death of bottlenose dolphins for future studies and for the detection of emerging diseases. C1 [McFee, Wayne E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lipscomb, Thomas P.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Mcfee, WE (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM wayne.mcfee@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 575 EP 593 PG 19 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 475JS UT WOS:000268355200001 PM 19617469 ER PT J AU Powell, JWB Archibald, RT Cross, CA Rotstein, DS Soop, VM McFee, WE AF Powell, James W. B. Archibald, Ryan T. Cross, Cheryl A. Rotstein, David S. Soop, Valerie M. McFee, Wayne E. TI Multiple Congenital Cardiac Abnormalities in an Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic bottlenose dolphin; cardiac anomalies; congenital; heart; malformations; Tursiops truncatus AB Necropsy of an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) neonate that stranded dead on Folly Beach, Charleston County, South Carolina, USA, on 17 November 2007, revealed multiple congenital heart malformations. Cardiac anomalies included a hypertrophic right ventricle, ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic dilation. atrial septal defect (ASD) between a functionally common atrium and a left atrial remnant, subvalvular pulmonic stenosis, and a hypoplastic pulmonary artery and mitral valve. Few incidences of abnormal cardiac development in cetaceans have been published. The case study serves to document a novel congenital heart malformation not previously reported, to our knowledge, in free-ranging ranging bottlenose dolphins. C1 [Powell, James W. B.; McFee, Wayne E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Archibald, Ryan T.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cross, Cheryl A.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rotstein, David S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rotstein, David S.] NOAA, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Soop, Valerie M.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. RP Powell, JWB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM james.powell@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 839 EP 842 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 475JS UT WOS:000268355200030 PM 19617498 ER PT J AU Norberg, SE Burkanov, VN Andrews, RD AF Norberg, S. E. Burkanov, V. N. Andrews, R. D. TI Serum Chemistry Values of Free-ranging, Lactating Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Callorhinus ursinus; female; free-ranging; lactating; northern for seal; serum chemistry ID NEOPHOCA-CINEREA; GEORGE ISLAND; MILK AB Reference range clinical serum chemistry values were established for free-ranging lactating northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Fur seals sampled for this study were part of a healthy and growing population in the Kuril Islands of far-east Russia. Blood was collected from 45 females between June and August 2005 to 2007. Fresh serum was assayed for 16 components. Packed-cell volume was determined from fresh whole blood, Results are made available for future comparisons with the declining population of northern fur seals on the Pribilof Islands and are compared with published values for other otariid species. C1 [Norberg, S. E.; Andrews, R. D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Burkanov, V. N.] RAS, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Andrews, R. D.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Burkanov, V. N.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Norberg, SE (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, POB 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM sarah_norberg@alaskasealife.org NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 843 EP 848 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 475JS UT WOS:000268355200031 PM 19617499 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JH Lindberg, MS Johnson, DS Conant, B King, J AF Schmidt, Joshua H. Lindberg, Mark S. Johnson, Devin S. Conant, Bruce King, James TI Evidence of Alaskan Trumpeter Swan Population Growth Using Bayesian Hierarchical Models SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; climate change; Cygnus buccinator; missing data; population trend; survey data ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CERULEAN WARBLERS; COUNT DATA; BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; HABITATS; TRENDS AB Alaska (USA) contains a large proportion of the breeding population of trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) in the United States. However, tracking population trends in Alaska trumpeter swans is complicated by variables such as an increase in survey effort over time, periodic surveys (1968 and every 5 yr after 1975), and missing data. We therefore constructed Bayesian hierarchical negative binomial models to account for nuisance variables and to estimate population size of trumpeter swans using aerial survey data from all known breeding habitats in Alaska, 1968-2005. We also performed an augmented analysis, where we entered zeroes for missing data. This approach differed from the standard (nonaugmented) analysis where we generated estimates for missing data through simulation. We estimated that adult swan populations in Alaska increased at an average rate of 5.9% annually (95% credibility interval = 5.2-6.6%) and cygnet production increased at 5.3% annually (95% credibility interval = 2.2-8.0%). We also found evidence that cygnet production exhibited higher rates of increase at higher latitudes in later years, which may be a response to warmer spring temperatures. Augmented analyses always produced higher swan population estimates than the nonaugmented estimates and likely overestimate true population abundance. Our results provide evidence that trumpeter swan populations are increasing in Alaska, especially at northern latitudes. Changes in population size and distribution could negatively affect tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) breeding in Alaska, and biologists should monitor these interactions. We recommend using nonaugmented Bayesian hierarchical analyses to estimate wildlife populations when missing survey data occur. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 720-727; 2009) C1 [Schmidt, Joshua H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schmidt, Joshua H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Conant, Bruce; King, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM Joshua_Schmidt@nps.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service division of Migratory Birds Management; Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Conservation; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Biology and Wildlife; Institute of Arctic Biology FX We thank J. Schmutz and D. Verbyla for helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Funds were provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service division of Migratory Birds Management, as were all issues concerning data collection and maintenance. Support for the first author was provided by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Conservation, State Wildlife Grant, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Biology and Wildlife and the Institute of Arctic Biology. We would also like to thank the many pilots and observers who collected these data over the years. Three anonymous referees also provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 720 EP 727 DI 10.2193/2008-262 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 465VR UT WOS:000267617300014 ER PT J AU Smith, BC Persson, A Wikfors, GH AF Smith, Barry C. Persson, Agneta Wikfors, Gary H. TI A particle separator used to concentrate Dinoflagellate cysts from sediment SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID RESTING CYSTS AB A device has been developed to separate and collect large numbers of dinoflagellate cysts from sediment samples of several liters volume. The apparatus consists of a 152.5 x 44.5 x 38-cm fiberglass tank with a 20-mu m screen inserted diagonally across the long dimension, creating an inclined plane as the bottom of a settling tank. A peristaltic pump delivers resuspended bottom material to the top of the deep end of the tank. The particles settle according to mass and friction as the water moves to a drain near the top center of the shallow end of the screen. The desired particles can be vacuumed from specific areas of the screen and further refined with a final sieving step. More than 16 L marine mud were processed in this apparatus at one time. In a reference sediment sample collected from beneath New Haven Harbor (Connecticut, USA), cyst recovery was 25% for living cysts. The sediment in the uppermost part of the sorter had approximately 376 times more cysts/mL than the sediment originally added. The cyst fraction (particles 20-100 mu m) contained ten times more cysts in the uppermost part of the sorter than at the middle or lower ends. Cysts within the cyst-rich zone of the separator settled differently depending upon species, size, and morphology. C1 [Smith, Barry C.; Persson, Agneta; Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Smith, BC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM barry.smith@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 7 BP 521 EP 526 PG 6 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 481UY UT WOS:000268838700006 ER PT J AU Mizroch, SA Rice, DW Zwiefelhofer, D Waite, J Perryman, WL AF Mizroch, Sally A. Rice, Dale W. Zwiefelhofer, Denny Waite, Janice Perryman, Wayne L. TI Distribution and movements of fin whales in the North Pacific Ocean SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Balaenoptera physalus; discovery mark; migratory; resident; whaling ID COMMERCIAL WHALING RECORDS; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; BALEEN WHALES; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; CALIFORNIA WATERS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BERING SEA; ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; ALASKA AB We summarize fin whale Balaenoptera physalus catch statistics, sighting data, mark recoveries and acoustics data. The annual cycle of most populations of fin whales had been thought to entail regular migrations between high-latitude summer feeding grounds and lower-latitude winter grounds. Here we present evidence of more complex and varied movement patterns. During summer, fin whales range from the Chukchi Sea south to 35 degrees N on the Sanriku coast of Honshu, to the Subarctic Boundary (ca. 42 degrees N) in the western and central Pacific, and to 32 degrees N off the coast of California. Catches show concentrations in seven areas which we refer to as 'grounds', representing productive feeding areas. During winter months, whales have been documented over a wide area from 60 degrees N south to 23 degrees N. Coastal whalers took them regularly in all winter months around Korea and Japan and they have been seen regularly in winter off southern California and northern Baja California. There are also numerous fin whale sightings and acoustic detections north of 40 degrees N during winter months. Calves are born during the winter, but there is little evidence for distinct calving areas. Whales implanted with Discovery-type marks were killed in whaling operations, and location data from 198 marked whales demonstrate local site fidelity, consistent movements within and between the main summer grounds and long migrations from low-latitude winter grounds to high-latitude summer grounds. The distributional data agree with immunogenetic and marking findings which suggest that the migratory population segregates into at least two demes with separate winter mating grounds: a western ground off the coast of Asia and an eastern one off the American coast. Members of the two demes probably mingle in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands area. Prior research had suggested that there were at least two non-migratory stocks of fin whale: one in the East China Sea and another in the Gulf of California. There is equivocal evidence for the existence of additional non-migratory groups in the Sanriku-Hokkaido area off Japan and possibly the northern Sea of Japan, but this is based on small sample sizes. C1 [Mizroch, Sally A.; Rice, Dale W.; Waite, Janice] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zwiefelhofer, Denny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Perryman, Wayne L.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Mizroch, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sally.mizroch@noaa.gov RI Mizroch, Sally/M-6084-2016 OI Mizroch, Sally/0000-0002-1736-5909 NR 120 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-1838 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 193 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2009.00147.x PG 35 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 498YC UT WOS:000270181000004 ER PT J AU Kellar, NM Trego, ML Marks, CI Chivers, SJ Danil, K Archer, FI AF Kellar, Nicholas M. Trego, Marisa L. Marks, Corina I. Chivers, Susan J. Danil, Kerri Archer, Frederick I. TI Blubber testosterone: A potential marker of male reproductive status in short-beaked common dolphins SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blubber; adipose tissue; biopsy; testosterone; androgen; sexual maturity; seasonality; testes; short-beaked common dolphin; Delphinus delphis ID WHALE BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; FINNED PILOT WHALES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; SEXUAL-MATURITY; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; SERUM TESTOSTERONE; FEEDING SEASON; PREGNANCY AB P>A novel molecular technique was used to measure blubber testosterone (BT) in 114 male short-beaked common dolphins, Delphinus delphis, collected from incidental fishery bycatch and strandings. When these concentrations were compared across maturity states, the mean (+/- SEM) BT levels of mature D. delphis (14.3 +/- 3.0 ng/g) were significantly higher than those of pubertal (2.5 +/- 0.5 ng/g, P = 0.006) and immature animals (2.2 +/- 0.3 ng/g, P < 0.0001). BT concentrations in mature males were significantly higher in summer months (53.9 +/- 2.0 ng/g) than during the rest of the year (7.9 +/- 0.69 ng/g, P < 0.0001), indicating reproductive seasonality. An analysis of BT in different anatomical locations showed that hormone concentrations were not homogenous throughout the body; the levels in the dorsal fin were significantly lower than in most other areas (F = 5.39, P = 0.043). Conversely, we found no significant differences in BT concentration with respect to subepidermal depth (F = 2.09, P = 0.146). Finally, testosterone levels in biopsies from 138 free-swimming male D. delphis, of unknown maturity state, sampled off California were found to be of concentrations similar to those from the fishery bycatch and stranding samples and revealed an analogous trend with respect to ordinal date. C1 [Kellar, Nicholas M.; Trego, Marisa L.; Marks, Corina I.; Chivers, Susan J.; Danil, Kerri; Archer, Frederick I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Kellar, NM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 271, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM nick.kellar@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 507 EP 522 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00291.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 471CE UT WOS:000268031000001 ER PT J AU Brownell, RL Ralls, K Baumann-Pickering, S Poole, MM AF Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Ralls, Katherine Baumann-Pickering, Simone Poole, M. Michael TI Behavior of melon-headed whales, Peponocephala electra, near oceanic islands SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE melon-headed whales; Peponocephala electra; mass-stranding; mid-frequency sonar; behavior; lunar cycles; Hanalei Bay; Hatihue Bay; Sasanhaya Bay ID SPINNER DOLPHIN; CETACEANS; PACIFIC; ECOLOGY AB Southall et al. (2006) concluded that a near mass stranding (MS) of melon-headed whales (MHWs), Peponocephala electra, in Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaii, on 3-4 July 2004, was likely related to the operation of mid-frequency sonars (MFS). However, subsequent authors argued that the nearly simultaneous entry of MHWs into Sasanhaya Bay, Rota (similar to 5,740 km away) made this conclusion untenable. They suggested that both sightings, and other MSs of MHWs, could be related to lunar cycles. To resolve this question, we reviewed information on the biology and behavior of MHWs and compared the two sightings to observations of MHWs around Palmyra Atoll and Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia. We also tested for a relationship between observations and MSs of MHWs with lunar cycles. MHWs near many oceanic islands rest nearshore during the day and feed offshore in deeper water at night. The MHWs at Rota exhibited normal diurnal resting behavior as seen at Palmyra and Nuku Hiva, while those at Kauai showed milling behavior typically seen prior to MS events. Thus, these events were not similar. Neither observations nor MSs of MHWs were related to lunar cycles. Our review of MHW behavior strengthens the case that MFS use played a major role in the near MS in Hanalei Bay. C1 [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93959 USA. [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Baumann-Pickering, Simone] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Poole, M. Michael] Marine Mammal Res Program, Moorea 98728, Fr Polynesia. RP Brownell, RL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93959 USA. EM robert.brownell@noaa.gov FU Vista Press; National Oceanic Society; Engelhard Foundation FX We thank Robert Braun for many helpful discussions about the Hanalei Bay, Kauai, sighting; Mark Michael and Monty Keel for providing details and photographs of the Rota sighting, Nicole Richardot for photos and video of the Nuku Hiva event, Xavier Curvat of the Centre de Plongee Marquises, for his records of killer whale sightings at Nuku Hiva from 1998 to 2005, Patrick Guennou of the Ouvrage Carte Instrument of the Fench Navy base in Papeete for providing charts of Nuku Hiva, and Chloe and Robin Meadows for help with translations from French. Robin Baird, Douglas DeMaster, John Hildebrand, Mark McDonald, William F. Perrin, and an anonymous reviewer made useful comments on the manuscript. SB's work at Palmyra was funded by the University of California San Diego and NOAA's Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. MMP's work in French Polynesia was conducted under permit from French Polynesia's Ministry of the Environment and was funded by Vista Press, the National Oceanic Society, and the Engelhard Foundation. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 639 EP 658 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00281.x PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 471CE UT WOS:000268031000009 ER PT J AU Simon, M Hanson, MB Murrey, L Tougaard, J Ugarte, F AF Simon, M. Hanson, M. B. Murrey, L. Tougaard, J. Ugarte, F. TI From captivity to the wild and back: An attempt to release Keiko the killer whale SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHERN NORWAY; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; WATERS C1 [Simon, M.; Ugarte, F.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Simon, M.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Hanson, M. B.] NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Murrey, L.] Moeller Design & Dev, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. [Tougaard, J.] Univ Aarhus, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Simon, M (reprint author), Greenland Inst Nat Resources, POB 570, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. EM masi@natur.gl RI Tougaard, Jakob/G-4948-2011 OI Tougaard, Jakob/0000-0002-4422-7800 FU Wendy McCaw Foundation FX This paper is dedicated to Stephen Claussen, one of Keiko's trainers. The project would not have been possible without the significant early efforts by the Ocean Futures staff led by team leader Jeff Foster from 1997 to 2001 and the staff of the Free Willy/Keiko Foundation, Iceland, directed by field manager Colin Baird and supervised by Charles Vinick. Adam Lalich skippered the tracking boat Vamos. Gisli Vikingsson and Sverrir D. Halldorsson, Icelandic Marine Research Institute, analyzed Keiko's stomach samples. Lars and Anita Lillebo and Frank Haavik, from Halsa County helped establishing the new base for Keiko in Norway. Naomi Rose and Dave Philips encouraged the writing of this work and offered valuable comments to an earlier draft, together with Toni Frohoff, Sharon Young, Paul Spong, Helena Symonds, Robin Baird, and two anonymous reviewers. Craig McCaw and The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) provided financial support. The Wendy McCaw Foundation supported tag development. The attempt to release Keiko into the wild in 2002 was a joint effort of The HSUS, Ocean Futures, and the Free Willy/Keiko Foundation. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 162 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 693 EP 705 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00287.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 471CE UT WOS:000268031000012 ER PT J AU Gales, NJ Bowen, WD Johnston, DW Kovacs, KM Littnan, CL Perrin, WF Reynolds, JE Thompson, PM AF Gales, N. J. Bowen, W. D. Johnston, D. W. Kovacs, K. M. Littnan, C. L. Perrin, W. F. Reynolds, J. E., III Thompson, P. M. TI Guidelines for the treatment of marine mammals in field research SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Gales, N. J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Bowen, W. D.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Johnston, D. W.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Kovacs, K. M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Littnan, C. L.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Perrin, W. F.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Reynolds, J. E., III] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Thompson, P. M.] Univ Aberdeen, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross Shire, Scotland. RP Gales, NJ (reprint author), Australian Antarctic Div, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. EM david.johnston@duke.edu RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012; Thompson, Paul /B-6742-2009 OI Thompson, Paul /0000-0001-6195-3284 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 725 EP 736 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00279.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 471CE UT WOS:000268031000015 ER PT J AU Wade, PR Hoef, JMV DeMaster, DP AF Wade, P. R. Hoef, J. M. Ver DeMaster, D. P. TI Mammal-eating killer whales and their prey-trend data for pinnipeds and sea otters in the North Pacific Ocean do not support the sequential megafaunal collapse hypothesis SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO; POPULATION DECLINE; ALASKA; LION C1 [Wade, P. R.; Hoef, J. M. Ver; DeMaster, D. P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wade, PR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.wade@noaa.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 737 EP 747 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00282.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 471CE UT WOS:000268031000016 ER PT J AU Apeti, DA Lauenstein, GG Riedel, GF AF Apeti, Dennis A. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. Riedel, Gerhardt F. TI Cadmium distribution in coastal sediments and mollusks of the US SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; Salinity; Diagenesis; Upwelling; Estuary; Mussel Watch ID OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; TRACE-METALS; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; LITTORINA-LITTOREA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; UNITED-STATES; ACCUMULATION; SALINITY AB Cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the coastal United States were assessed using the National Status and Trends (NS&T) Mussel Watch dataset, which is based on the analysis of sediments and bivalves collected from 280 sites since 1986. Using the 1997 sediment data, Pearson correlation (r = 0.44, p < 0.0001) suggested that Cd distributions in sediment can, be to some extent, explained by the proximity of sites to population centers. The 2003 tissue data indicated that "high" Cd concentrations (greater than 5.6 mu g/g dry weights [dw] for mussel and 5.4 mu g/g dw for oysters) were related to salinity along the East and Gulf coasts. Along the West coast, however, these "high" sites appeared to be related to upwelling phenomenon. Additionally, sedimentary diagenesis was found to be the most likely explanation of why sediment and mollusk Cd content were not well correlated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Apeti, Dennis A.; Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Riedel, Gerhardt F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Apeti, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dennis.apeti@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1016 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.02.013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 476EY UT WOS:000268422500019 PM 19342067 ER PT J AU Moore, E Lyday, S Roletto, J Litle, K Parrish, JK Nevins, H Harvey, J Mortenson, J Greig, D Piazza, M Hermance, A Lee, D Adams, D Allen, S Kell, S AF Moore, Emma Lyday, Shannon Roletto, Jan Litle, Kate Parrish, Julia K. Nevins, Hannah Harvey, Jim Mortenson, Joe Greig, Denise Piazza, Melanie Hermance, Alison Lee, Derek Adams, Dawn Allen, Sarah Kell, Shelagh TI Entanglements of marine mammals and seabirds in central California and the north-west coast of the United States 2001-2005 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Entanglement; Fishing gear; Marie debris; Marine mammals; Seabirds; West Coast of the United States ID FUR SEALS; DEBRIS; ISLANDS; PINNIPEDS AB Entanglement records for seabirds and marine mammals were investigated for the period 2001-2005. The entanglement records were extracted from databases maintained by seven organizations operating along the west coast of the United States of America. Their programmes included beach monitoring survey, rescue and rehabilitation and regional pinniped censuses. Records of 454 entanglements were documented, in live animals and in carcasses for 31 bird species and nine marine mammal species. The most frequently entangled species were Common Murres, Western Gulls and California sea lions. The entanglement materials identified were primarily fishing related. Entanglements were recorded every year suggesting that although the incidence level differs annually, entanglement is a persistent problem. It is recommended that each programme records details in standardized categories to determine entanglement material sources. Numbers of entanglements observed during these surveys are likely to be a conservative view of the actual entanglement rate taking place at sea. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Emma] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Environm Policy, MSc Grad Distance Learning Programme, London SE9 2AL, England. [Lyday, Shannon] Farallones Marine Sanctuary Assoc, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. [Roletto, Jan] Gulf Farallones Natl Marine Sanctuary, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. [Litle, Kate; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, COASST, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nevins, Hannah; Harvey, Jim] BeachCOMBERS, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Greig, Denise] TMMC, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Piazza, Melanie; Hermance, Alison] WildCare, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA. [Lee, Derek] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Adams, Dawn; Allen, Sarah] PORE, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Kell, Shelagh] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Moore, E (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Environm Policy, MSc Grad Distance Learning Programme, 32 Castleford Ave, London SE9 2AL, England. EM emmajmoore@hotmail.com RI Lee, Derek/E-1131-2013 OI Lee, Derek/0000-0002-1042-9543 FU Science Integrated Monitoring Network - Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary; Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS); GFNMS; Farallones Marine Sanctuary Association (FMSA). FX BeachCOMBERS was supported by a grant from the Science Integrated Monitoring Network - Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Beach Watch is a federal program through the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS) and is funded by GFNMS and the Farallones Marine Sanctuary Association (FMSA). Partial funding for COASST was provided by the NOAA Fisheries Protected Resource Division. WildCare is a 501(c) 3 Non profit funded by monies earned through fund raising events, grants and public donations. The Marine Mammal Center is a non-profit 501 (c) operating under the authority of the National Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program (part of NOAA fisheries). Supporters of the PRBO Farallon pinniped surveys are Marisla Foundation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Friends of the Farallones. Point Reyes National Seashore Monitoring Program funders include the National Park Service and the Vicki and David Cox Family Fund. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 7 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1045 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.02.006 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 476EY UT WOS:000268422500023 PM 19344921 ER PT J AU Choi, M Moon, HB Yu, J Kim, SS Pait, AS Choi, HG AF Choi, Minkyu Moon, Hyo-Bang Yu, Jun Kim, Sang-Soo Pait, Anthony S. Choi, Hee-Gu TI Nationwide monitoring of nonylphenolic compounds and coprostanol in sediments from Korean coastal waters SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FECAL STEROLS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; SEWAGE POLLUTION; DIOXIN-LIKE; HARBOR; BAY; ENVIRONMENT; ADJACENT; ALKYLPHENOLS C1 [Choi, Minkyu; Moon, Hyo-Bang; Yu, Jun; Choi, Hee-Gu] NFRDI, Marine Environm Management Div, Pusan 619705, South Korea. [Kim, Sang-Soo] NFRDI, S Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Yeosu 556823, South Korea. [Pait, Anthony S.] Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, NOS, NCCOS, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Choi, M (reprint author), NFRDI, Marine Environm Management Div, 408-1,Sirang Ri, Pusan 619705, South Korea. EM mkchoi@nfrdi.go.kr FU National Fisheries Research and Development Institute [RP-2009-ME-13] FX This work was funded by a Grant from the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI, RP-2009-ME-13), Korea. We thank all participants (Dr. Kee-Young Kwon, Dr. Hyung-Chul Kim, and Dr. Seong-Gil Kim) of the National Marine Environmental NR 41 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1086 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.010 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 476EY UT WOS:000268422500029 PM 19406436 ER PT J AU Stoudt, MR Hubbard, JB Iadicola, MA Banovic, SW AF Stoudt, M. R. Hubbard, J. B. Iadicola, M. A. Banovic, S. W. TI A Study of the Fundamental Relationships between Deformation-Induced Surface Roughness and Strain Localization in AA5754 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AL-MG ALLOYS; GRAIN-SIZE; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; SHEET-METAL; MECHANISM MAPS; SERRATED FLOW; EVOLUTION; TENSION; NECKING; CURVES AB Three-dimensional, matrix-based statistical analysis methods were developed and integrated with high-resolution topographical imaging, to assess how microstructural changes influence the evolution of plastic deformation and strain localization in a commercial AA5754-O aluminum sheet in three in-plane strain modes. Analysis of the raw surface data revealed that the general composition of the surface roughness was highly sensitive to strain mode and strain level. The microstructural conditions that promote strain localization were assessed by extending a profile-based surface roughness parameter (Rt) to matrix form. Both analyses revealed that different strain modes produce characteristic dissimilarities in the deformation at the grain level. The localization data can be well characterized with a two-parameter Weibull distribution, suggesting that strain localization is a stochastic process that can be modeled reliably with Weibull statistics. This study clearly demonstrates that an accurate and straightforward probabilistic expression that captures the microstructural subtleties produced by plastic deformation can be developed from rigorous analyses of raw topographic data. Because variations in surface morphology profoundly influence the reliability of the numerical models used to predict strain localization, incorporating expressions of this type could greatly enhance the accuracy of these models. C1 [Stoudt, M. R.; Hubbard, J. B.; Iadicola, M. A.; Banovic, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Met Forming, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Met Forming, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stoudt@nist.gov NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 40A IS 7 BP 1611 EP 1622 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-9881-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 459MY UT WOS:000267108200015 ER PT J AU Green, ML Schenck, PK Chang, KS Ruglovsky, J Vaudin, M AF Green, M. L. Schenck, P. K. Chang, K. -S. Ruglovsky, J. Vaudin, M. TI "Higher-kappa" dielectrics for advanced silicon microelectronic devices: A combinatorial research study SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 28-JUL 07, 2009 CL Cambridge Univ, Clare Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Cambridge Univ, Clare Coll DE High-kappa gate dielectrics; Combinatorial materials science; HfO(2)-TiO(2)-Y(2)O(3) ID TIO2; HFO2 AB Combinatorial methodology is used to rapidly screen suitable ternary higher-kappa dielectrics for future complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), and dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices. Dielectric constant (kappa) and leakage current (L(C)) were mapped from capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. HfO(2)-TiO(2)-Y(2)O(3) library films, made by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), have been characterized. We found a band of compositions in the middle of the HfO(2)-TiO(2)-Y(2)O(3) phase diagram that have dielectric constants in the range of 50-80, with reasonably low leakage currents, that are therefore promising for these applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Green, M. L.; Schenck, P. K.; Chang, K. -S.; Ruglovsky, J.; Vaudin, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Green, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.green@nist.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 86 IS 7-9 BP 1662 EP 1664 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2009.03.068 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 463VH UT WOS:000267460100035 ER PT J AU Zhu, XX Gu, D Li, QL Ioannou, DE Baumgart, H Suehle, JS Richter, CA AF Zhu, Xiaoxiao Gu, D. Li, Qiliang Ioannou, D. E. Baumgart, H. Suehle, J. S. Richter, C. A. TI Silicon nanowire NVM with high-k gate dielectric stack SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 28-JUL 07, 2009 CL Cambridge Univ, Clare Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Cambridge Univ, Clare Coll DE SiNW; NVM; Flash memory; Silicon nanowire AB Three flash memory cell structures with silicon nanowire channels and high-k dielectric stacks were fabricated with a "self-aligning" process and their characteristics are reported and compared in this paper: a Metal/SiO(2)/HfO(2)/SiO(2)/Si (MCHOS) cell with a SiO(2) blocking layer and two Metal/Al(2)O(3)/HfO(2)/SiO(2)/Si (MAHOS) cells with Al(2)O(3), all with HfO(2) as the charge trapping layer. Compared to (control) planar cells, all three operate at higher speeds, attributed to the enhanced electric field across the tunneling oxide surrounding the channel. The MAHOS cells (Al(2)O(3) blocking layer) outperform the MCHOS cells (SiO(2) blocking layer) and both have large memory window, fast operation speed, good endurance and retention. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Ioannou, D. E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Suehle, J. S.; Richter, C. A.] NIST, CMOS, Semicond Electron Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Suehle, J. S.; Richter, C. A.] NIST, Novel Devices Grp, Semicond Electron Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gu, D.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Gu, D.; Baumgart, H.] Appl Res Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Li, QL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4400 Univ Dr,MSN 1G5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qli6@gmu.edu; dioannou@gmu.edu RI Gu, Diefeng/F-4515-2010; Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 86 IS 7-9 BP 1957 EP 1960 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2009.03.095 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 463VH UT WOS:000267460100113 ER PT J AU Newbury, D Ritchie, N AF Newbury, Dale Ritchie, Nicholas TI Measuring Trace Level Constituents with SEM/SDD-EDS SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Newbury, Dale; Ritchie, Nicholas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 6 EP 7 DI 10.1017/S1431927609092538 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100003 ER PT J AU Bassim, ND De Gregorio, BT Kilcoyne, ADL Scott, K Chou, T Wirick, S Cody, G Fischione, P Liu, JH Stroud, RM AF Bassim, Nabil D. De Gregorio, Bradley T. Kilcoyne, A. D. L. Scott, Keana Chou, Tsengming Wirick, S. Cody, George Fischione, Paul Liu, Junhai Stroud, Rhonda M. TI Towards Low-Damage TEM sample preparation of Carbonaceous Materials in the Focused Ion Beam SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bassim, Nabil D.; De Gregorio, Bradley T.; Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. D. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scott, Keana] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chou, Tsengming] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR USA. [Wirick, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cody, George] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Fischione, Paul; Liu, Junhai] EA Fischione Instruments Inc, Export, PA USA. RP Bassim, ND (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6366,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nabil.bassim@nrl.navy.mil RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008; Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 342 EP 343 DI 10.1017/S143192760909878X PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100169 ER PT J AU Vaudin, MD Stan, G Gerbig, YB Cook, RF AF Vaudin, M. D. Stan, G. Gerbig, Y. B. Cook, R. F. TI High Resolution Surface Morphology Measurements using EBSD Cross-Correlation Techniques and AFM SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vaudin, M. D.; Stan, G.; Gerbig, Y. B.; Cook, R. F.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Vaudin, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 416 EP 417 DI 10.1017/S1431927609093076 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100206 ER PT J AU Scott, K Davis, JM Vicenzi, EP AF Scott, Keana Davis, Jeffrey M. Vicenzi, Edward P. TI Three-dimensional microanalysis using FIB SEM: Variations in technique SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Scott, Keana; Davis, Jeffrey M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vicenzi, Edward P.] Museum Conservat Inst, Smithsonian Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Scott, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 476 EP 477 DI 10.1017/S143192760909744X PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100236 ER PT J AU Ritchie, NWM AF Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. TI Using DTSA-II to Simulate and Interpret an X-ray Spectrum Image from a K411 Microparticle SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20882 USA. RP Ritchie, NWM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20882 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 512 EP 513 DI 10.1017/S1431927609094793 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100254 ER PT J AU Vicenzi, EP Meier, D Davis, J AF Vicenzi, Edward P. Meier, Douglas Davis, Jeffrey TI Challenges Involved In X-Ray Microanalysis Of The Mineral Kernite [Na2B4O6(OH)(2)center dot 3H(2)O] SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vicenzi, Edward P.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Vicenzi, Edward P.; Meier, Douglas; Davis, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vicenzi, EP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 518 EP 519 DI 10.1017/S1431927609099322 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100257 ER PT J AU Foecke, T Hooper-McCarty, JJ AF Foecke, T. Hooper-McCarty, J. J. TI Quantitative Metallography And Microanalytical Analysis Of Particles In Iron Rivets Recovered From The Wreck Of The RMS Titanic SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Foecke, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hooper-McCarty, J. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Foecke, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 524 EP 525 DI 10.1017/S1431927609099127 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100260 ER PT J AU Carpenter, PK Zeigler, RA Jolliff, BL Vicenzi, EP Davis, JM MacRae, CM Wilson, NC Kotula, PG Donovan, JJ AF Carpenter, P. K. Zeigler, R. A. Jolliff, B. L. Vicenzi, E. P. Davis, J. M. MacRae, C. M. Wilson, N. C. Kotula, P. G. Donovan, J. J. TI Advances in Electron-Probe Microanalysis and Compositional Mapping: Applications to the Analysis of Meteorites SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carpenter, P. K.; Zeigler, R. A.; Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Carpenter, P. K.; Zeigler, R. A.; Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Vicenzi, E. P.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Davis, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Microanal Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [MacRae, C. M.; Wilson, N. C.] CSIRO Minerals, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Kotula, P. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Donovan, J. J.] 1241 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Carpenter, PK (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 1169, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 534 EP 535 DI 10.1017/S1431927609098882 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100265 ER PT J AU Scott, JHJ Ritchie, NWM AF Scott, J. H. J. Ritchie, N. W. M. TI Microanalysis Data Formats: Are We Even Asking the Right Questions? SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Scott, J. H. J.; Ritchie, N. W. M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scott, JHJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 540 EP 541 DI 10.1017/S1431927609097505 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100268 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Newbury, DE Ritchie, NWM Vicenzi, EP AF Davis, Jeffrey M. Newbury, Dale E. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. Vicenzi, Edward P. TI Solving the Micro to Macro Problem: A new application for milli X-ray fluorescence X-ray spectrum imaging SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Davis, Jeffrey M.; Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vicenzi, Edward P.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 542 EP 543 DI 10.1017/S1431927609098146 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100269 ER PT J AU Anderson, MD Roberts, J Kirchgessner, K LaRossa, L Anderson, IM Johnson, DC AF Anderson, M. D. Roberts, J. Kirchgessner, K. LaRossa, L. Anderson, I. M. Johnson, D. C. TI Characterization of Thin Film CuCr2Se4 Synthesized by A Modulated Elemental Reactant Deposition SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Anderson, M. D.; Roberts, J.; Kirchgessner, K.; Johnson, D. C.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [LaRossa, L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, I. M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anderson, MD (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. FU University of Oregon's National Science Foundation IGERT [DGE-0549503] FX This material is based upon work supported by the University of Oregon's National Science Foundation IGERT Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-0549503. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 550 EP 551 DI 10.1017/S1431927609096524 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100273 ER PT J AU Hemmati, A Scott, K Davis, J AF Hemmati, Amy Scott, Keana Davis, Jeff TI Nano Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles in Commercial Socks SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hemmati, Amy; Scott, Keana; Davis, Jeff] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div 837, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hemmati, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div 837, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amy.hemmati@nist.gov RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 552 EP 553 DI 10.1017/S1431927609094902 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100274 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE AF Newbury, Dale E. TI Can X-ray Spectrum Imaging (XSI) Replace Backscattered Electron (BSE) Imaging for Compositional Contrast in the Scanning Electron Microscope? SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 666 EP 667 DI 10.1017/S1431927609092125 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100330 ER PT J AU Vladar, AE Postek, MT AF Vladar, A. E. Postek, M. T. TI Reference Material (RM) 8820: A New Scanning Electron Microscope Scale Calibration Artifact SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vladar, A. E.; Postek, M. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vladar, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST Office of Microelectronics FX The authors would like to thank and acknowledge the collaboration of SEMATECH and the Advanced Metrology Advisory Group for assistance in the development of this standard and the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs for partial funding of this work. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 668 EP 669 DI 10.1017/S1431927609097943 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100331 ER PT J AU Wight, SA Small, JA AF Wight, S. A. Small, J. A. TI Modeling and Measurements of Electron Beam Scattering into Adjacent Particles SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wight, S. A.; Small, J. A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wight, SA (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 1266 EP 1267 DI 10.1017/S143192760909415X PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100624 ER PT J AU Meier, DC Davis, J Vicenzi, EP AF Meier, Douglas C. Davis, Jeffrey Vicenzi, Edward P. TI Auger Electron Spectroscopy of Kernite: Coaxing Useful Information Out of a Recalcitrant Specimen SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meier, Douglas C.; Davis, Jeffrey; Vicenzi, Edward P.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vicenzi, Edward P.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Meier, DC (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr MS8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 15 SU 2 BP 1384 EP 1385 DI 10.1017/S1431927609099681 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA V20CW UT WOS:000208119100683 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JI Dasmahapatra, KK Amos, W Phillips, CD Gelatt, TS Bickham, JW AF Hoffman, J. I. Dasmahapatra, K. K. Amos, W. Phillips, C. D. Gelatt, T. S. Bickham, J. W. TI Contrasting patterns of genetic diversity at three different genetic markers in a marine mammal metapopulation SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP); conservation genetics; demography; Eumetopias jubatus; genetic diversity; microsatellite; mtDNA; phylogeography; pinniped; Steller's sea lion; stock structure ID STELLER SEA LIONS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS-WOLLEBAEKI; MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION; ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS ROSMARUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; PHOCA-VITULINA-VITULINA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA AB Many studies use genetic markers to explore population structure and variability within species. However, only a minority use more than one type of marker and, despite increasing evidence of a link between heterozygosity and individual fitness, few ask whether diversity correlates with population trajectory. To address these issues, we analysed data from the Steller's sea lion, Eumetiopias jubatus, where three stocks are distributed over a vast geographical range and where both genetic samples and detailed demographic data have been collected from many diverse breeding colonies. To previously published mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite data sets, we have added new data for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, comprising 238 loci scored in 285 sea lions sampled from 23 natal rookeries. Genotypic diversity was low relative to most vertebrates, with only 37 loci (15.5%) being polymorphic. Moreover, contrasting geographical patterns of genetic diversity were found at the three markers, with Nei's gene diversity tending to be higher for AFLPs and microsatellites in rookeries of the western and Asian stocks, while the highest mtDNA values were found in the eastern stock. Overall, and despite strongly contrasting demographic histories, after applying phylogenetic correction we found little correlation between genetic diversity and either colony size or demography. In contrast, we were able to show a highly significant positive relationship between AFLP diversity and current population size across a range of pinniped species, even though equivalent analyses did not reveal significant trends for either microsatellites or mtDNA. C1 [Hoffman, J. I.; Amos, W.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Dasmahapatra, K. K.] UCL, Galton Lab, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, London NW1 2HE, England. [Phillips, C. D.; Bickham, J. W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gelatt, T. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hoffman, JI (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM jih24@cam.ac.uk RI hoffman, joseph/K-7725-2012; OI hoffman, joseph/0000-0001-5895-8949; Dasmahapatra, Kanchon Kumar/0000-0002-2840-7019 FU NMFS; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Alaska Sea Life Center; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) FX We wish to thank the many people involved in collecting the tissues used in this study and in provision of the long-term data set, especially L. Rea, D. Calkins, L. Fritz, K. Pitcher, V. Burkanov, E. Mamaev, N. Pavlov, V. Vertjankin, and S. Zadal'sky. All animals were humanely treated according to ASM guidelines (American Society of Mammalogists 1998) and specimens were collected under Marine Mammal Protection Act permits 782-1532-02 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, and 358-1564 issued to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Funding for laboratory work and data analysis was provided by National Marine Fisheries Service and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Funding for field work was provided by NMFS, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and the Alaska Sea Life Center. J.H. is currently supported by a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Strategic Alliance Fellowship. NR 100 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2961 EP 2978 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04246.x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 464WK UT WOS:000267540100007 PM 19500256 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, M Collins, AG Worheide, G AF Dohrmann, M. Collins, A. G. Woerheide, G. TI New insights into the phylogeny of glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida): Monophyly of Lyssacinosida and Euplectellinae, and the phylogenetic position of Euretidae SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; HEXACTINOSIDA; REVISION; ATLANTIC C1 [Dohrmann, M.; Woerheide, G.] Univ Munich, Dept Geo & Umweltwissensch, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Dohrmann, M.; Woerheide, G.] Univ Munich, GeoBioCtr, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Dohrmann, M.] Univ Gottingen, GZG, Abt Geobiol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Collins, A. G.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst,MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Worheide, G (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Geo & Umweltwissensch, Richard Wagner Str 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM woerheide@lmu.de RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Worheide, Gert/C-1080-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Worheide, Gert/0000-0002-6380-7421 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Wo896/5-1 2]; Society of Systematic Biologists FX We thank Amanda Kahn, Justin Marshall, Shirley Pomponi, Henry Reiswig, and Rob van Soest for providing specimens, Henry Reiswig and Konstantin Tabachnick for help with identification, and Burkhard Morgenstern for providing access to computational resources of the Department of Bioinformatics, University of Gottingen. Three anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for critical comments that lead to improvement of the manuscript. This study was funded by grants Wo896/5-1 & 2 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) to GW and benefited from a Mini-PEET award of the Society of Systematic Biologists to MD. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 52 IS 1 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.01.010 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 454OU UT WOS:000266692800024 PM 19475712 ER PT J AU Anabor, V Stensrud, DJ de Moraes, OLL AF Anabor, Vagner Stensrud, David J. de Moraes, Osvaldo L. L. TI Simulation of a Serial Upstream-Propagating Mesoscale Convective System Event over Southeastern South America Using Composite Initial Conditions SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENTS; COMPLEXES; MODEL; FEATURES; ANDES AB Serial upstream-propagating mesoscale convective system (MCS) events over southeastern South America are important contributors to the local hydrologic cycle as they can provide roughly half of the total monthly summer precipitation. However, the mechanisms of upstream propagation for these events have not been explored. To remedy this situation, a numerical simulation of the composite environmental conditions from 10 observed serial MCS events is conducted. Results indicate that the 3-day simulation from the composite yields a reasonable evolution of the large-scale environment and produces a large region of organized convection in the warm sector over an extended period as seen in observations. Upstream propagation of the convective region is produced and is tied initially to the development and evolution of untrapped internal gravity waves. However, as convective downdrafts develop and begin to merge and form a surface cold pool in the simulation, the cold pool and its interaction with the environmental low-level flow also begins to play a role in convective evolution. While the internal gravity waves and cold pool interact over a several hour period to control the convective development, the cold pool eventually dominates and determines the propagation of the convective region by the end of the simulation. This upstream propagation of a South American convective region resembles the southward burst convective events described over the United States and highlights the complex interactions and feedbacks that challenge accurate forecasts of convective system evolution. C1 [Anabor, Vagner; de Moraes, Osvaldo L. L.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Fis, Lab Fis Atmosfera, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Anabor, V (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Fis, Lab Fis Atmosfera, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. EM anabor@mail.ufsm.br FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ; National Council of Scientific and Technological Development), Brazi; ITS group at NSSL FX The first author was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ; National Council of Scientific and Technological Development), Brazil. We also gratefully acknowledge the support given by the ITS group at NSSL. The helpful and constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated and led to an improved discussion of these results. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 137 IS 7 BP 2144 EP 2163 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2617.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 480YH UT WOS:000268772700006 ER PT J AU Unger, DA van den Dool, H O'Lenic, E Collins, D AF Unger, David A. van den Dool, Huug O'Lenic, Edward Collins, Dan TI Ensemble Regression SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RANKED PROBABILITY SCORE; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SEASONAL FORECASTS; PREDICTION SYSTEMS; CLIMATE PREDICTION; GCM SIMULATIONS; DRESSING KERNEL; MOS METHODS; LONG; MODEL AB A regression model was developed for use with ensemble forecasts. Ensemble members are assumed to represent a set of equally likely solutions, one of which will best fit the observation. If standard linear regression assumptions apply to the best member, then a regression relationship can be derived between the full ensemble and the observation without explicitly identifying the best member for each case. The ensemble regression equation is equivalent to linear regression between the ensemble mean and the observation, but is applied to each member of the ensemble. The "best member'' error variance is defined in terms of the correlation between the ensemble mean and the observations, their respective variances, and the ensemble spread. A probability density function representing the ensemble prediction is obtained from the normalized sum of the best-member error distribution applied to the regression forecast from each ensemble member. Ensemble regression was applied to National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) forecasts of seasonal mean Nino-3.4 SSTs on historical forecasts for the years 1981-2005. The skill of the ensemble regression was about the same as that of the linear regression on the ensemble mean when measured by the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS), and both methods produced reliable probabilities. The CFS spread appears slightly too high for its skill, and the CRPS of the CFS predictions can be slightly improved by reducing its ensemble spread to about 0.8 of its original value prior to regression calibration. C1 [Unger, David A.; van den Dool, Huug; O'Lenic, Edward; Collins, Dan] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Unger, DA (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM david.unger@noaa.gov FU NOAA student scholarship program FX The authors are grateful to Zoltan Toth for supportive discussions regarding ensemble prediction procedures and to the various reviewers for their helpful suggestions. Results for spread optimization were obtained with the help of Georgia Tech student Julie Simon working under the NOAA student scholarship program. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 137 IS 7 BP 2365 EP 2379 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2605.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 480YH UT WOS:000268772700018 ER PT J AU Li, L Hong, Y Wang, JH Adler, RF Policelli, FS Habib, S Irwn, D Korme, T Okello, L AF Li, Li Hong, Yang Wang, Jiahu Adler, Robert F. Policelli, Frederick S. Habib, Shahid Irwn, Daniel Korme, Tesfaye Okello, Lawrence TI Evaluation of the real-time TRMM-based multi-satellite precipitation analysis for an operational flood prediction system in Nzoia Basin, Lake Victoria, Africa SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Flood prediction; Remote sensing precipitation; TRMM; Capacity building ID XINANJIANG MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRODUCTS; CHINA AB Many researchers seek to take advantage of the recently available and virtually uninterrupted supply of satellite-based rainfall information as an alternative and supplement to the ground-based observations in order to implement a cost-effective flood prediction in many under-gauged regions around the world. Recently, NASA Applied Science Program has partnered with USAID and African-RCMRD to implement an operational water-hazard warning system, SERVIR-Africa. The ultimate goal of the project is to build up disaster management capacity in East Africa by providing local governmental officials and international aid organizations a practical decision-support tool in order to better assess emerging flood impacts and to quantify spatial extent of flood risk, as well as to respond to such flood emergencies more expediently. The objective of this article is to evaluate the applicability of integrating NASA's standard satellite precipitation product with a flood prediction model for disaster management in Nzoia, sub-basin of Lake Victoria, Africa. This research first evaluated the TMPA real-time rainfall data against gauged rainfall data from the year 2002 through 2006. Then, the gridded Xinanjiang Model was calibrated to Nzoia basin for period of 1985-2006. Benchmark streamflow simulations were produced with the calibrated hydrological model using the rain gauge and observed streamflow data. Afterward, continuous discharge predictions forced by TMPA 3B42RT real-time data from 2002 through 2006 were simulated, and acceptable results were obtained in comparison with the benchmark performance according to the designated statistic indices such as bias ratio (20%) and NSCE (0.67). Moreover, it is identified that the flood prediction results were improved with systematically bias-corrected TMPA rainfall data with less bias (3.6%) and higher NSCE (0.71). Although the results justify to suggest to us that TMPA real-time data can be acceptably used to drive hydrological models for flood prediction purpose in Nzoia basin, continuous progress in space-borne rainfall estimation technology toward higher accuracy and higher spatial resolution is highly appreciated. Finally, it is also highly recommended that to increase flood forecasting lead time, more reliable and more accurate short- or medium-range quantitative precipitation forecasts is a must. C1 [Li, Li; Hong, Yang; Wang, Jiahu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Ctr, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Adler, Robert F.; Policelli, Frederick S.; Habib, Shahid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Adler, Robert F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Irwn, Daniel] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Korme, Tesfaye; Okello, Lawrence] African Reg Ctr Mapping Resources Dev RCMRD, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Ctr, Natl Weather Ctr, 202 W Boyd ET,CEC 334, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NASA Applied Science Program SERVIR-Africa Project; University of Oklahoma FX The financial support from NASA Applied Science Program SERVIR-Africa Project and from University of Oklahoma is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the RCMRD (Tesfaye Korme and Lawrence Okello) for providing gauged rainfall and streamflow observations over Nzoia Basin. NR 19 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUL PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s11069-008-9324-5 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 456GQ UT WOS:000266831100009 ER PT J AU Addona, TA Abbatiello, SE Schilling, B Skates, SJ Mani, DR Bunk, DM Spiegelman, CH Zimmerman, LJ Ham, AJL Keshishian, H Hall, SC Allen, S Blackman, RK Borchers, CH Buck, C Cardasis, HL Cusack, MP Dodder, NG Gibson, BW Held, JM Hiltke, T Jackson, A Johansen, EB Kinsinger, CR Li, J Mesri, M Neubert, TA Niles, RK Pulsipher, TC Ransohoff, D Rodriguez, H Rudnick, PA Smith, D Tabb, DL Tegeler, TJ Variyath, AM Vega-Montoto, LJ Wahlander, A Waldemarson, S Wang, M Whiteaker, JR Zhao, L Anderson, NL Fisher, SJ Liebler, DC Paulovich, AG Regnier, FE Tempst, P Carr, SA AF Addona, Terri A. Abbatiello, Susan E. Schilling, Birgit Skates, Steven J. Mani, D. R. Bunk, David M. Spiegelman, Clifford H. Zimmerman, Lisa J. Ham, Amy-Joan L. Keshishian, Hasmik Hall, Steven C. Allen, Simon Blackman, Ronald K. Borchers, Christoph H. Buck, Charles Cardasis, Helene L. Cusack, Michael P. Dodder, Nathan G. Gibson, Bradford W. Held, Jason M. Hiltke, Tara Jackson, Angela Johansen, Eric B. Kinsinger, Christopher R. Li, Jing Mesri, Mehdi Neubert, Thomas A. Niles, Richard K. Pulsipher, Trenton C. Ransohoff, David Rodriguez, Henry Rudnick, Paul A. Smith, Derek Tabb, David L. Tegeler, Tony J. Variyath, Asokan M. Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo J. Wahlander, Asa Waldemarson, Sofia Wang, Mu Whiteaker, Jeffrey R. Zhao, Lei Anderson, N. Leigh Fisher, Susan J. Liebler, Daniel C. Paulovich, Amanda G. Regnier, Fred E. Tempst, Paul Carr, Steven A. TI Multi-site assessment of the precision and reproducibility of multiple reaction monitoring-based measurements of proteins in plasma SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC QUANTITATION; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; PEPTIDE STANDARDS; SERUM; ASSAYS; LC/MS/MS; PROTEOME; LIMITS AB Verification of candidate biomarkers relies upon specific, quantitative assays optimized for selective detection of target proteins, and is increasingly viewed as a critical step in the discovery pipeline that bridges unbiased biomarker discovery to preclinical validation. Although individual laboratories have demonstrated that multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) coupled with isotope dilution mass spectrometry can quantify candidate protein biomarkers in plasma, reproducibility and transferability of these assays between laboratories have not been demonstrated. We describe a multilaboratory study to assess reproducibility, recovery, linear dynamic range and limits of detection and quantification of multiplexed, MRM-based assays, conducted by NCI-CPTAC. Using common materials and standardized protocols, we demonstrate that these assays can be highly reproducible within and across laboratories and instrument platforms, and are sensitive to low lg/ml protein concentrations in unfractionated plasma. We provide data and benchmarks against which individual laboratories can compare their performance and evaluate new technologies for biomarker verification in plasma. C1 [Addona, Terri A.; Abbatiello, Susan E.; Mani, D. R.; Keshishian, Hasmik; Blackman, Ronald K.; Carr, Steven A.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. [Schilling, Birgit; Cusack, Michael P.; Gibson, Bradford W.; Held, Jason M.] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA USA. [Skates, Steven J.; Pulsipher, Trenton C.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Biostat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Bunk, David M.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Rudnick, Paul A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spiegelman, Clifford H.; Variyath, Asokan M.; Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zimmerman, Lisa J.; Ham, Amy-Joan L.; Li, Jing; Tabb, David L.; Liebler, Daniel C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Hall, Steven C.; Allen, Simon; Johansen, Eric B.; Niles, Richard K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Borchers, Christoph H.; Jackson, Angela; Smith, Derek] Univ Victoria, Genome BC Prote Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Buck, Charles; Regnier, Fred E.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cardasis, Helene L.; Neubert, Thomas A.; Wahlander, Asa] NYU, Sch Med, Kimmel Ctr Biol & Med, Skirball Inst, New York, NY USA. [Cardasis, Helene L.; Neubert, Thomas A.; Wahlander, Asa] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY USA. [Hiltke, Tara; Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Mesri, Mehdi; Rodriguez, Henry] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ransohoff, David] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Tegeler, Tony J.; Wang, Mu] Monarch Life Sci, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Wang, Mu] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Whiteaker, Jeffrey R.; Zhao, Lei; Paulovich, Amanda G.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Anderson, N. Leigh] Plasma Proteome Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Tempst, Paul] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Carr, SA (reprint author), Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. EM scarr@broad.mit.edu RI Held, Jason/B-1319-2010; Waldemarson, Sofia/C-6377-2012; Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015; Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo/B-9035-2017; OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767; Vega-Montoto, Lorenzo/0000-0002-4096-1100; Tempst, Paul/0000-0002-6680-3987; Held, Jason/0000-0001-8024-2736; Liebler, Daniel/0000-0002-7873-3031 FU NCI NIH HHS [U24 CA126480-01, U24 CA126476, U24 CA126476-03, U24 CA126480, U24 CA126485]; PHS HHS [U24 126477, U24 126479, U24 126480] NR 38 TC 588 Z9 595 U1 9 U2 102 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 27 IS 7 BP 633 EP U85 DI 10.1038/nbt.1546 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 469OF UT WOS:000267908500020 PM 19561596 ER PT J AU Lettenmaier, DP Milly, PCD AF Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Milly, P. C. D. TI Land waters and sea level SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Changes in continental water stores, largely human-induced, affect sea level. Better hydrological models and observations could clarify the land's role in sea-level variations. C1 [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Lettenmaier, DP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dennisl@u.washington.edu RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 7 BP 452 EP 454 DI 10.1038/ngeo567 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 497LS UT WOS:000270061600004 ER PT J AU Myles, L AF Myles, LaToya TI Underestimating ammonia SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID EMISSIONS AB Ammonia is a significant atmospheric pollutant whose global distribution is poorly understood. Satellite measurements highlight ammonia hotspots across the globe and indicate that current inventories may underestimate emissions in the Northern Hemisphere. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Myles, L (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM LaToya.Myles@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 2 IS 7 BP 461 EP 462 DI 10.1038/ngeo565 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 497LS UT WOS:000270061600006 ER PT J AU Ferry, JL Craig, P Hexel, C Sisco, P Frey, R Pennington, PL Fulton, MH Scott, IG Decho, AW Kashiwada, S Murphy, CJ Shaw, TJ AF Ferry, John L. Craig, Preston Hexel, Cole Sisco, Patrick Frey, Rebecca Pennington, Paul L. Fulton, Michael H. Scott, I. Geoff Decho, Alan W. Kashiwada, Shosaku Murphy, Catherine J. Shaw, Timothy J. TI Transfer of gold nanoparticles from the water column to the estuarine food web SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; NANOMATERIALS; CYTOTOXICITY; MESOCOSMS; PLANTS; CELLS AB Within the next five years the manufacture of large quantities of nanomaterials may lead to unintended contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems(1). The unique physical, chemical and electronic properties of nanomaterials allow new modes of interaction with environmental systems that can have unexpected impacts(2,3). Here, we show that gold nanorods can readily pass from the water column to the marine food web in three laboratory-constructed estuarine mesocosms containing sea water, sediment, sea grass, microbes, biofilms, snails, clams, shrimp and fish. A single dose of gold nanorods (65 nm length x 15 nm diameter) was added to each mesocosm and their distribution in the aqueous and sediment phases monitored over 12 days. Nanorods partitioned between biofilms, sediments, plants, animals and sea water with a recovery of 84.4%. Clams and biofilms accumulated the most nanoparticles on a per mass basis, suggesting that gold nanorods can readily pass from the water column to the marine food web. C1 [Ferry, John L.; Craig, Preston; Hexel, Cole; Sisco, Patrick; Frey, Rebecca; Murphy, Catherine J.; Shaw, Timothy J.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ferry, John L.; Decho, Alan W.; Kashiwada, Shosaku; Murphy, Catherine J.; Shaw, Timothy J.] Univ S Carolina, Nanoctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pennington, Paul L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Scott, I. Geoff] Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Decho, Alan W.; Kashiwada, Shosaku] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Ferry, JL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM ferry@mail.chem.sc.edu RI Ferry, John/G-8646-2013; Hexel, Cole/N-3245-2016; OI Hexel, Cole/0000-0001-8101-2422; Ferry, John/0000-0002-1420-8406; Shaw, Timothy/0000-0002-0032-457X; Murphy, Catherine/0000-0001-7066-5575 FU University of South Carolina Nanocenter FX This work was supported by the University of South Carolina Nanocenter. NR 29 TC 167 Z9 169 U1 21 U2 109 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 4 IS 7 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2009.157 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 478OJ UT WOS:000268597300015 PM 19581897 ER PT J AU Terraciano, ML Knell, RO Norris, DG Jing, J Fernandez, A Orozco, LA AF Terraciano, M. L. Knell, R. Olson Norris, D. G. Jing, J. Fernandez, A. Orozco, L. A. TI Photon burst detection of single atoms in an optical cavity SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; MOLECULE; TRAP AB Many protocols in atomic physics and quantum information hinge on the ability to detect the presence of neutral atoms(1-4). Up to now, two avenues have been favoured: the direct detection of spontaneously emitted photons using high-quality optics(5-7), or the observation of changes in light transmission through cavity mirrors due to strong atom-photon coupling(8-11). Here, we present an approach that combines these two methods by detecting an atom in a driven cavity mode through the collection of spontaneous emission and forward scattering into an undriven, orthogonally polarized cavity mode. Moderate atom-cavity coupling enhances the signal, enabling the detection of multiple photons from the same atom. This real-time measurement can establish the presence of a single freely moving atom in less than 1 mu s with more than 99.7% confidence, using coincidence measurements to decrease the rate of false detections. C1 [Terraciano, M. L.; Knell, R. Olson; Norris, D. G.; Jing, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Terraciano, M. L.; Knell, R. Olson; Norris, D. G.; Jing, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fernandez, A.] Univ Concepcion, Ctr Opt & Informac Cuant, Dept Fis, Concepcion 4070386, Chile. RP Terraciano, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; Fernandez-Perez, Arturo/D-3792-2013; Optica y Fotonica, Centro/I-4347-2015 OI Fernandez-Perez, Arturo/0000-0002-4379-3296; FU NIST; NSF FX This work was supported by NIST and NSF. We are grateful to PicoQuant Photonics for their loan of the PicoHarp 300 time-correlated single photon counting module. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 5 IS 7 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1282 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 473PP UT WOS:000268220100014 ER PT J AU Grattan, L Roberts, S Trainer, V Boushey, C Burbacher, T Grant, K Tracy, K Morris, G AF Grattan, Lynne Roberts, Sparkle Trainer, Vera Boushey, Carol Burbacher, Thomas Grant, Kimberly Tracy, Kate Morris, Glen TI Domoic acid neurotoxicity in American Indians: Baseline characteristics of the coastal cohort SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society/49th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society/22nd Annual Meeting of the Organization-of-Teratology-Information-Specialists CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Neurobehav Teratol Soc, Teratol Soc, Org Teratol Informat Specialists C1 [Grattan, Lynne; Roberts, Sparkle; Tracy, Kate; Morris, Glen] Univ Maryland, Dept Neurol Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Trainer, Vera] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Agcy, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Boushey, Carol] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Burbacher, Thomas; Grant, Kimberly] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 MA NBTS12 BP 239 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.016 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 461GY UT WOS:000267253900019 ER PT J AU Samuels, M Gulati, G Shin, JH Opara, R McSweeney, E Sekedat, M Long, S Kelman, Z Jeruzalmi, D AF Samuels, Martin Gulati, Gaurav Shin, Jae-Ho Opara, Rejoice McSweeney, Elizabeth Sekedat, Matt Long, Stephen Kelman, Zvi Jeruzalmi, David TI A biochemically active MCM-like helicase in Bacillus cereus SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE PROTEIN; EUKARYOTIC DNA-REPLICATION; AAA PLUS ATPASES; ARCHAEAL MCM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HEXAMERIC HELICASE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; STRANDED-DNA; COMPLEX AB The mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins serve as the replicative helicases in archaea and eukaryotes. Interestingly, an MCM homolog was identified, by BLAST analysis, within a phage integrated in the bacterium Bacillus cereus (Bc). BcMCM is only related to the AAA region of MCM-helicases; the typical amino-terminus is missing and is replaced by a segment with weak homology to primases. We show that BcMCM displays 3'-> 5' helicase and ssDNA-stimulated ATPase activity, properties that arise from its conserved AAA domain. Isolated BcMCM is a monomer in solution but likely forms the functional oligomer in vivo. We found that the BcMCM amino-terminus can bind ssDNA and harbors a zinc atom, both hallmarks of the typical MCM amino-terminus. No BcMCM-catalyzed primase activity could be detected. We propose that the divergent amino-terminus of BcMCM is a paralog of the corresponding region of MCM-helicases. A divergent amino terminus makes BcMCM a useful model for typical MCM-helicases since it accomplishes the same function using an apparently unrelated structure. C1 [Samuels, Martin; Gulati, Gaurav; Opara, Rejoice; McSweeney, Elizabeth; Jeruzalmi, David] Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shin, Jae-Ho; Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Sekedat, Matt] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Mass Spectrometry & Gaseous Ion Chem, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Long, Stephen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeruzalmi, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, 7 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dj@mcb.harvard.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM084162]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646] FX National Institutes of Health [grant number GM084162 to D. J.]; National Science Foundation (grant number MCB-0815646 to Z. K.). NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 37 IS 13 BP 4441 EP 4452 DI 10.1093/nar/gkp376 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 475BW UT WOS:000268331800031 PM 19474351 ER PT J AU Parker, DM Balazs, GH King, CS Katahira, L Gilmartin, W AF Parker, Denise M. Balazs, George H. King, Cheryl S. Katahira, Larry Gilmartin, William TI Short-Range Movements of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Nesting to Foraging Areas within the Hawaiian Islands SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MIGRATIONS AB Hawksbill sea turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, reside around the main Hawaiian Islands but are not common. Flipper-tag recoveries and satellite tracking of hawksbills worldwide have shown variable distances in post-nesting travel, with migrations between nesting beaches and foraging areas ranging from 35 to 2,425 kin. Nine hawksbill turtles were tracked within the Hawaiian Islands using satellite telemetry. Turtles traveled distances ranging from 90 to 345 km and took between 5 to 18 days to complete the transit front nesting to foraging areas. Results of this study suggest that movements of Hawaiian hawksbills are relatively short-ranged, and surveys of their foraging areas should be conducted to assess status of the habitat to enhance conservation and management of these areas. C1 [Parker, Denise M.; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Parker, Denise M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [King, Cheryl S.; Gilmartin, William] Hawaii Wildlife Fund, Maui, HI 96779 USA. [Katahira, Larry] Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Pk, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Parker, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Denise.Parker@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 63 IS 3 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.2984/049.063.0306 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 462KJ UT WOS:000267351000006 ER PT J AU Sinigalliano, CD Winshell, J Guerrero, MA Scorzetti, G Fell, JW Eaton, RW Brand, L Rein, KS AF Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Winshell, Jamie Guerrero, Maria A. Scorzetti, Gloria Fell, Jack W. Eaton, Richard W. Brand, Larry Rein, Kathleen S. TI Viable cell sorting of dinoflagellates by multiparametric flow cytometry SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Dinoflagellate; Cell sorting; Flow cytometry ID PHYTOPLANKTON; POPULATIONS; CULTURES; ECOLOGY; ALGAE AB Electronic cell sorting for isolation and culture of dinoflagellates and other marine eukaryotic phytoplankton was compared to the traditional method of manually picking cells using a micropipette. Trauma to cells electronically sorted cells was not a limiting factor, as fragile dinoflagellates, such as Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae), survived electronic cell sorting to yield viable cells. The rate of successful isolation of large-scale (> 4 litres) cultures was higher for manual picking than for electronic cell sorting (2% vs 0.5%, respectively). However, manual picking of cells is more labor intensive and time consuming. Most manually isolated cells required repicking, as the cultures were determined not to be unialgal after a single round of isolation; whereas, no cultures obtained in this study from electronic single-cell sorting required resorting. A broad flow cytometric gating logic was employed to enhance species diversity. The percentages of unique genotypes produced by manual picking or electronic cell sorting were similar (57% vs 54%, respectively), and each approach produced a variety of dinoflagellate or raphidophyte genera. Alternatively, a highly restrictive gating logic was successfully used to target K. brevis from a natural bloom sample. Direct electronic single-cell sorting was more successful than utilizing a pre-enrichment sort followed by electronic single-cell sorting. The appropriate recovery medium may enhance the rate of successful isolations. Seventy percent of isolated cells were recovered in a new medium (RE) reported here, which was optimized for axenic dinoflagellate cultures. The greatest limiting factor to the throughput of electronic cell sorting is the need for manual postsort culture maintenance and assessment of the large number of isolated cells. However, when combined with newly developed automated methods for growth screening, electronic single-cell sorting has the potential to accelerate the discovery of new algal strains. C1 [Winshell, Jamie; Rein, Kathleen S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Guerrero, Maria A.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Scorzetti, Gloria; Fell, Jack W.; Brand, Larry] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Eaton, Richard W.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rein, KS (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM reink@fiu.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES012736-05, P50 ES012736, S11 ES011181] NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2009 VL 48 IS 4 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.2216/08-51.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 472JM UT WOS:000268126800003 PM 20305733 ER PT J AU Borkowski, M Ciurylo, R Julienne, PS Tojo, S Enomoto, K Takahashi, Y AF Borkowski, M. Ciurylo, R. Julienne, P. S. Tojo, S. Enomoto, K. Takahashi, Y. TI Line shapes of optical Feshbach resonances near the intercombination transition of bosonic ytterbium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING LENGTH; PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-COLLISIONS; COLD; LIGHT; PROSPECTS; STATES; YB-2 AB The properties of bosonic ytterbium photoassociation spectra near the intercombination transition S-1(0)-P-3(1) are studied theoretically at ultralow temperatures. We demonstrate how the shapes and intensities of rotational components of optical Feshbach resonances are affected by mass tuning of the scattering properties of the two colliding ground-state atoms. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the magnitude of the scattering length and the occurrence of shape resonances in higher partial waves of the van der Waals system. We develop a mass-scaled model of the excited-state potential that represents the experimental data for different isotopes. The shape of the rotational photoassociation spectrum for various bosonic Yb isotopes can be qualitatively different. C1 [Borkowski, M.; Ciurylo, R.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tojo, S.] Gakushuin Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718588, Japan. [Enomoto, K.] Toyama Univ, Dept Phys, Toyama 9308555, Japan. [Takahashi, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Borkowski, M (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Borkowski, Mateusz/C-2499-2013; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU JSPS [18204035]; MEXT of Japan; Office of Naval Research; Polish MNISW [N N202 1489 33] FX This work was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of JSPS (Grant No. 18204035) and GCOE "The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence" from MEXT of Japan. P. S. J. was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and partially supported by the Polish MNISW (Project No. N N202 1489 33). NR 59 TC 22 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 AR 012715 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.012715 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 478VP UT WOS:000268616900111 ER PT J AU Gillaspy, JD Draganic, IN Ralchenko, Y Reader, J Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Brewer, SM AF Gillaspy, J. D. Draganic, I. N. Ralchenko, Yu. Reader, J. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Brewer, S. M. TI Measurement of the D-line doublet in high-Z highly charged sodiumlike ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVEL SCHEME; CU-LIKE IONS; X-RAY; NA-LIKE; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; SPECTRA; TRAP; REGION AB We report a direct observation of the D-line doublet of Na-like ions with Z >= 72. Spectra in the 1-9 nm spectral range are presented showing the widely split doublet for Hf(61+), Ta(62+), W(63+), and Au(68+). The ions were produced and confined in an electron-beam ion trap and observed with a flat-field grazing incidence spectrometer. The measured wavelengths agree well with the predictions of relativistic many-body perturbation theory with QED corrections. We also report the measured wavelengths for several transitions in Si-, Al-, and Mg-like ions of Hf, Ta, and W and in Mg-like Au. C1 [Gillaspy, J. D.; Draganic, I. N.; Ralchenko, Yu.; Reader, J.; Tan, J. N.; Pomeroy, J. M.; Brewer, S. M.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, S. M.] Univ Maryland, Chem Phys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gillaspy, JD (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the(U.S); National Research Council FX Supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the(U.S.) Department of Energy. I.N.D. was supported by the Research Associate Program of the National Research Council. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 AR 010501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.010501 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 478VP UT WOS:000268616900008 ER PT J AU Rajapakse, RM Bragdon, T Rey, AM Calarco, T Yelin, SF AF Rajapakse, R. M. Bragdon, T. Rey, A. M. Calarco, T. Yelin, S. F. TI Single-photon nonlinearities using arrays of cold polar molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We model single-photon nonlinearities resulting from the dipole-dipole interactions of cold polar molecules. We propose utilizing "dark state polaritons" to effectively couple photon and molecular states; through this framework, coherent control of the nonlinearity can be expressed and potentially used in an optical quantum computation architecture. Due to the dipole-dipole interaction the photons pick up a measurable nonlinear phase even in the single-photon regime. A manifold of protected symmetric eigenstates is used as basis. Depending on the implementation, major sources of decoherence result from nonsymmetric interactions and phonon dispersion. We discuss the strength of the nonlinearity per photon and the feasibility of this system. C1 [Rajapakse, R. M.; Bragdon, T.; Yelin, S. F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Calarco, T.] Univ Ulm, Inst Quantum Informat Proc, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Yelin, S. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rajapakse, RM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU NSF; EC FX The authors wish to acknowledge NSF for funding, and Peter Rabl for fruitful discussions. Tommaso Calarco wishes to acknowledge the EC Integrated Project SCALA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 AR 013810 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.013810 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 478VP UT WOS:000268616900163 ER PT J AU Li, SL de la Cruz, C Huang, Q Chen, GF Xia, TL Luo, JL Wang, NL Dai, PC AF Li, Shiliang de la Cruz, Clarina Huang, Q. Chen, G. F. Xia, T. -L. Luo, J. L. Wang, N. L. Dai, Pengcheng TI Structural and magnetic phase transitions in Na1-delta FeAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; crystal structure; crystal symmetry; exchange interactions (electron); high-temperature superconductors; iron compounds; magnetic structure; neutron diffraction; sodium compounds; solid-state phase transformations ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LIFEAS AB We use neutron scattering to study the spin and lattice structures of single crystal and powder samples of Na1-delta FeAs (T-c=23 K). Upon cooling from room temperature, the system goes through a series of phase transitions: first changing the crystal symmetry from tetragonal to orthorhombic at 49 K, then ordering antiferromagnetically with a spin structure similar to that of LaFeAsO and a small moment (0.09 +/- 0.04 mu(B)), and finally becoming superconducting below about 23 K. These results confirm that antiferromagnetic order is ubiquitous for the parent compounds of the iron arsenide superconductors and suggest that the separated structural and magnetic phase-transition temperatures are due to the reduction in the c-axis exchange coupling of the system. C1 [Li, Shiliang; Chen, G. F.; Luo, J. L.; Wang, N. L.; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Li, Shiliang; Chen, G. F.; Luo, J. L.; Wang, N. L.; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Li, Shiliang; de la Cruz, Clarina; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [de la Cruz, Clarina; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, G. F.; Xia, T. -L.] Remin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. RP Li, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM slli@aphy.iphy.ac.cn; daip@ornl.gov RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; dela Cruz, Clarina/C-2747-2013; Xia, Tian-Long/N-4467-2016 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; dela Cruz, Clarina/0000-0003-4233-2145; FU U.S. NSF [DMR-0756568]; U.S. DOE BES [DE-FG02-05ER46202] FX We thank Jiangping Hu, J. A. Fernandez-Baca, Tao Xiang, and Zhong-Yi Lu for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the U.S. NSF (Contract No. DMR-0756568), by the U.S. DOE BES (Contract No. DE-FG02-05ER46202), and by the U. S. DOE, Division of Scientific User Facilities. The work in IOP is supported by the CAS and MOST. NR 26 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 AR 020504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.020504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 478VU UT WOS:000268617500016 ER PT J AU Nagle, KP Seidler, GT Shirley, EL Fister, TT Bradley, JA Brown, FC AF Nagle, K. P. Seidler, G. T. Shirley, E. L. Fister, T. T. Bradley, J. A. Brown, F. C. TI Final-state symmetry of Na 1s core-shell excitons in NaCl and NaF SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRON-HOLE INTERACTION; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; FAST CHARGED-PARTICLES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; SODIUM-HALIDES; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; BONDING CHANGES AB We report measurements of the Na 1s contribution to the nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS) from NaCl and NaF. Prior x-ray absorption studies have observed two pre-edge excitons in both materials. The momentum-transfer dependence (q dependence) of the measured NRIXS cross section and of real-space full multiple scattering and Bethe-Salpeter calculations determine that the higher-energy core excitons are s type for each material. The lower-energy core excitons contribute at most weakly to the NRIXS signal and we propose that these may be surface core excitons, as have been observed in several other alkali halides. The analysis of the orbital angular momentum of these features leads to a discussion of the limited sensitivity of NRIXS measurements to d-type final states when investigating 1s initial states. In this case the s- and p-type final density of states can be characterized by measurements at a small number of momentum transfers. This is in contrast to the case of more complex initial states for which measurements at a large number of momentum transfers are needed to separate the rich admixture of accessible and contributing final-state symmetries. C1 [Nagle, K. P.; Seidler, G. T.; Fister, T. T.; Bradley, J. A.; Brown, F. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Shirley, E. L.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fister, T. T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Seidler, GT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM seidler@phys.washington.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FGE03-97ER45628, W-31-109ENG-38, N0001405-1-0843, DE-FG03-97ER45629, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; University of Washington; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contracts No. DE-FGE03-97ER45628 and No. W-31-109ENG-38, Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N0001405-1-0843, and the Summer Research Institute program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The operation of Sector 20 PNC-CAT/XOR is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-FG03-97ER45629, the University of Washington, and grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Arvo Kikas, Micah Prange, Joshua Kas, and John Rehr for useful discussions. NR 100 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 045105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.045105 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 478WA UT WOS:000268618100029 ER PT J AU Udby, L Andersen, NH Chou, FC Christensen, NB Emery, SB Lefmann, K Lynn, JW Mohottala, HE Niedermayer, C Wells, BO AF Udby, L. Andersen, N. H. Chou, F. C. Christensen, N. B. Emery, S. B. Lefmann, K. Lynn, J. W. Mohottala, H. E. Niedermayer, Ch. Wells, B. O. TI Magnetic ordering in electronically phase-separated La2-xSrxCuO4+y: Neutron diffraction experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; doping; high-temperature superconductors; lanthanum compounds; long-range order; magnetic structure; magnetic superconductors; neutron diffraction; spin density waves; strontium compounds; superconducting transition temperature ID MONOCHROMATIC IMAGING MODE; SPIN; LA2CUO4+DELTA; SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; FIELD AB We present results of magnetic neutron diffraction experiments on the codoped superoxygenated La2-xSrxCuO4+y (LSCO+O) system with x=0.09. We find that the magnetic phase is long-range ordered incommensurate antiferromagnetic with a Neacuteel temperature T-N coinciding with the superconducting ordering temperature T-c=40 K. The incommensurability value is consistent with a hole doping of n(h)approximate to 1>8 but in contrast to nonsuperoxygenated La2-xSrxCuO4 with hole doping close to n(h)approximate to 18 the magnetic-order parameter is not field dependent. We attribute this to the magnetic order being fully developed in LSCO+O as in the spin and charge ordered "stripe" compounds La1.48Nd0.40Sr0.12CuO4 and La7/8Ba1/8CuO4. C1 [Udby, L.; Andersen, N. H.; Christensen, N. B.; Lefmann, K.] Tech Univ Denmark, Riso DTU, Mat Res Div, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Chou, F. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Christensen, N. B.; Niedermayer, Ch.] ETHZ, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Christensen, N. B.; Niedermayer, Ch.] PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Christensen, N. B.; Lefmann, K.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nanosci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Emery, S. B.; Mohottala, H. E.; Wells, B. O.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lefmann, K.] Lund Univ, ESS Scandinavia, S-22350 Lund, Sweden. [Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Udby, L (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Riso DTU, Mat Res Div, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RI Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012; Niedermayer, Christof/K-4436-2014; Udby, Linda/M-4649-2014; Lefmann, Kim/M-9228-2014; Christensen, Niels/A-3947-2012 OI Udby, Linda/0000-0002-2816-6825; Lefmann, Kim/0000-0003-4282-756X; Christensen, Niels/0000-0001-6443-2142 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-00ER45801]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation; Danish Research Council FNU FX We would like to thank Brian M. Andersen for many helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation under the Framework Programme on Superconductivity and the Danish Research Council FNU through the instrument center DANSCATT. Work at the University of Connecticut was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-00ER45801. Part of this work was performed at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. Work on SPINS is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 AR 014505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.014505 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 478VR UT WOS:000268617100096 ER PT J AU Villalpando-Paez, F Son, H Chou, SG Samsonidze, GG Kim, YA Muramatsu, H Hayashi, T Endo, M Terrones, M Dresselhaus, MS AF Villalpando-Paez, F. Son, H. Chou, S. G. Samsonidze, Ge. G. Kim, Y. A. Muramatsu, H. Hayashi, T. Endo, M. Terrones, M. Dresselhaus, M. S. TI Raman spectroscopy study of heat-treated and boron-doped double wall carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-WALL; BUCKYPAPER; SYSTEMS; PURITY AB We performed Raman spectroscopy experiments on undoped and boron-doped double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) that exhibit the "coalescence inducing mode" as these DWNTs are heat treated to temperatures between 1200 C and 2000 C. The fact that boron doping promotes DWNT coalescence at lower temperatures allowed us to study in greater detail the behavior of first- and second-order Raman modes as a function of temperature with regard to the coalescence process. Furthermore, by using various excitation laser energies we probed DWNTs with different metallic (M) and semiconducting (S) inner and outer tubes. We find that regardless of their M and S configurations, the smaller diameter nanotubes disappear at a faster rate than their larger diameter counterparts as the heat treatment temperature is increased. We also observe that the frequency of the G band is mostly determined by the diameter of the semiconducting layer of those DWNTs that are in resonance with the laser excitation energy. Finally, we explain the contributions to the G' band from the inner and outer layers of a DWNT. C1 [Villalpando-Paez, F.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Son, H.; Samsonidze, Ge. G.; Dresselhaus, M. S.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chou, S. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Y. A.; Muramatsu, H.; Hayashi, T.; Endo, M.] Shinshu Univ, Fac Engn, Nagano 3808553, Japan. [Terrones, M.] IPICYT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. [Dresselhaus, M. S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Villalpando-Paez, F (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Muramatsu, Hiroyuki/B-8800-2011; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014; Samsonidze, Georgy/G-3613-2016 OI Muramatsu, Hiroyuki/0000-0003-0332-6703; Samsonidze, Georgy/0000-0002-3759-1794 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 035419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.035419 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 478VX UT WOS:000268617800126 ER PT J AU Abdurashitov, JN Gavrin, VN Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Ibragimova, TV Kalikhov, AV Khairnasov, NG Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Shikhin, AA Veretenkin, EP Yants, VE Zatsepin, GT Bowles, TJ Elliott, SR Teasdale, WA Nico, JS Cleveland, BT Wilkerson, JF AF Abdurashitov, J. N. Gavrin, V. N. Gorbachev, V. V. Gurkina, P. P. Ibragimova, T. V. Kalikhov, A. V. Khairnasov, N. G. Knodel, T. V. Mirmov, I. N. Shikhin, A. A. Veretenkin, E. P. Yants, V. E. Zatsepin, G. T. Bowles, T. J. Elliott, S. R. Teasdale, W. A. Nico, J. S. Cleveland, B. T. Wilkerson, J. F. CA SAGE Collaboration TI Measurement of the solar neutrino capture rate with gallium metal. III. Results for the 2002-2007 data-taking period SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SPIN-ISOSPIN RESPONSES; GE-71; DECAY; DETECTOR; GALLEX; AR-37; GA-71; FLUX AB The Russian-American experiment SAGE began to measure the solar neutrino capture rate with a target of gallium metal in December 1989. Measurements have continued with only a few brief interruptions since that time. In this article we present the experimental improvements in SAGE since its last published data summary in December 2001. Assuming the solar neutrino production rate was constant during the period of data collection, combined analysis of 168 extractions through December 2007 gives a capture rate of solar neutrinos with energy more than 233 keV of 65.4(-3.0)(+3.1) (stat) (+2.6)(-2.8) (syst) SNU. The weighted average of the results of all three Ga solar neutrino experiments, SAGE, Gallex, and GNO, is now 66.1 +/- 3.1 SNU, where statistical and systematic uncertainties have been combined in quadrature. During the recent period of data collection a new test of SAGE was made with a reactor-produced (37)Ar neutrino source. The ratio of observed to calculated rates in this experiment, combined with the measured rates in the three prior (51)Cr neutrino-source experiments with Ga, is 0.87 +/- 0.05. A probable explanation for this low result is that the cross section for neutrino capture by the two lowest-lying excited states in (71)Ge has been overestimated. If we assume these cross sections are zero, then the standard solar model including neutrino oscillations predicts a total capture rate in Ga in the range of 63 SNU to 66 SNU with an uncertainty of about 4%, in good agreement with experiment. We derive the current value of the neutrino flux produced in the Sun by the proton-proton fusion reaction to be phi(circle dot)(pp)=(6.0 +/- 0.8)x10(10)/(cm(2) s), which agrees well with the pp flux predicted by the standard solar model. Finally, we make several tests and show that the data are consistent with the assumption that the solar neutrino production rate is constant in time. C1 [Abdurashitov, J. N.; Gavrin, V. N.; Gorbachev, V. V.; Gurkina, P. P.; Ibragimova, T. V.; Kalikhov, A. V.; Khairnasov, N. G.; Knodel, T. V.; Mirmov, I. N.; Shikhin, A. A.; Veretenkin, E. P.; Yants, V. E.; Zatsepin, G. T.] Russian Acad Sci, Nucl Res Inst, RU-117312 Moscow, Russia. [Bowles, T. J.; Elliott, S. R.; Teasdale, W. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nico, J. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cleveland, B. T.; Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cleveland, BT (reprint author), SNOLAB, POB 159, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3, Canada. EM bclevela@snolab.ca RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014; OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 FU Russian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation,; Division of Nuclear Physics of the US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Russian Foundation [99-02-16110, 02-02-16776, 05-02-17199, 08-02-00146]; Russian Federation [00-1596632, NS-1782.2003, NS-5573.2006.2, NS-959.2008.2]; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences; International Science and Technology Center [1431]; US Civilian Research and Development Foundation [CGP RP2-159, CGP RP2-2360-MO-02] FX SAGE is grateful to M. Baldo-Ceolin, W. Haxton, V. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Matveev, S. P. Mikheev, R. G. H. Robertson, V. A. Rubakov, A. Yu. Smirnov, A. Suzuki, A. N. Tavkhelidze, and our colleagues from the GALLEX and GNO Collaborations for their continued interest and for fruitful and stimulating discussions. We especially thank W. Hampel for vital comments on many aspects of our investigations. SAGE acknowledges the support of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Division of Nuclear Physics of the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation. This work was partially funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grants 99-02-16110, 02-02-16776, 05-02-17199, and 08-02-00146; by the Program of the President of the Russian Federation under grants 00-1596632, NS-1782.2003, NS-5573.2006.2, and NS-959.2008.2; by the Program of Basic Research "Neutrino Physics" of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences; by the International Science and Technology Center under grant 1431; and by the US Civilian Research and Development Foundation under grants CGP RP2-159 and CGP RP2-2360-MO-02. NR 41 TC 252 Z9 253 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 AR 015807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.80.015807 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 478WE UT WOS:000268618500074 ER PT J AU Petrovic, ZL Phelps, AV AF Petrovic, Z. Lj. Phelps, A. V. TI Energetic ion, atom, and molecule reactions and excitation in low-current H-2 discharges: Spatial distributions of emissions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN GLOW-DISCHARGE; CURRENT ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES; PARALLEL-PLANE ELECTRODES; CROSS-SECTIONS; LOW-PRESSURE; BETA EMISSION; BALMER-ALPHA; MONTE-CARLO; TRANSPORT PARAMETERS; CONTINUOUS-SPECTRUM AB Spatial distributions of H-alpha, H-beta, and the near-uv continuum emission from the H-2 a (3)Sigma(+)(g) state are measured and compared with a model for low-current electrical discharges in H-2 at high E/N and low Nd, where E is the spatially uniform electric field, N is the gas density, and d is the electrode separation. Data are analyzed for 300 Td < E/N < 45 kTd, d=0.04 m, and 2 x 10(21) < N < 2.6 x 10(22) m(-3). (1 Td=10(-21) V m(2)) The excitation is produced by electrons and by hydrogen atoms and molecules with mean energies from 5 to 1500 eV. Electron-induced emission, dominant at low E/N and low pressures, is distinguished by its buildup toward the anode. Excitation of H-alpha by fast H atoms dominates at high E/N and increases toward the cathode. The observed H-alpha emission at low E/N is normalized to previous experiments to yield absolute experimental excitation coefficients for all E/N and Nd. Small adjustments of model parameters yield good agreement with H-alpha data. Cross sections are derived for excitation of the H-2 near-uv continuum by H atoms. Spatial and pressure dependencies of H-alpha and H-2 near-uv emissions agree well with a model in which reactions of H-2(+), H-3(+), and H+ ions with H-2 lead to fast H atoms and H-2 molecules, which then excite H atoms or H-2 molecules. C1 [Petrovic, Z. Lj.; Phelps, A. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petrovic, Z. Lj.; Phelps, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petrovic, Z. Lj.] Univ Belgrade, Inst Phys, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. RP Petrovic, ZL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM zoran.petrovic@phy.bg.ac.rs; avp@jila.colorado.edu OI Petrovic, Zoran/0000-0001-6569-9447 NR 95 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 AR 016408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.80.016408 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 478VL UT WOS:000268616500069 PM 19658824 ER PT J AU Reynolds, PA McGillivray, DJ Jackson, AJ White, JW AF Reynolds, Philip A. McGillivray, Duncan J. Jackson, Andrew J. White, John W. TI Ultra-small-angle neutron scattering: A tool to study packing of relatively monodisperse polymer spheres and their binary mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID IN-OIL EMULSIONS; INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; DOMAIN PHOTON MIGRATION; PERCUS-YEVICK FLUID; X-RAY-SCATTERING; DISTRIBUTED DIAMETERS; POLYDISPERSE SYSTEMS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; FINE PARTICLES AB We measured ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) from polymethylmethacrylate spheres tamped down in air. Two slightly polydisperse pure sphere sizes (1.5 and 7.5 mu m diameters) and five mixtures of these were used. All were loose packed (packing fractions of 0.3-0.6) with nongravitational forces (e. g., friction) important, preventing close packing. The USANS data are rich in information on powder packing. A modified Percus-Yevick fluid model was used to parametrize the data-adequately but not well. The modifications required the introduction of small voids, less than the sphere size, and a parameter reflecting substantial deviation from the Percus-Yevick prediction of the sphere-sphere correlation function. The mixed samples fitted less well, and two further modifying factors were necessary. These were local inhomogeneities, where the concentration of same-size spheres, both large and small, deviated from the mean packing, and a factor accounting for the presence within these "clusters" of self-avoidance of the large spheres (that is, large spheres coated with more small spheres than Percus-Yevick would predict). The overall deviations from the hard-sphere Percus-Yevick model that we find here suggest that fluid models of loose packed powders are unlikely to be successful but lay the ground work for future theoretical and computational works. C1 [Reynolds, Philip A.; McGillivray, Duncan J.; White, John W.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [McGillivray, Duncan J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Jackson, Andrew J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McGillivray, DJ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM d.mcgillivray@auckland.ac.nz RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 AR 011301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.80.011301 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 478VJ UT WOS:000268616300058 PM 19658692 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Ostashev, VE Goedecke, GH AF Wilson, D. Keith Ostashev, Vladimir E. Goedecke, George H. TI Quasi-wavelet formulations of turbulence and other random fields with correlated properties SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Spectral modeling; Kinematic simulation; Self-similar representations ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SIMULATION; MODEL; FLUCTUATIONS; SIMILARITY; SCATTERING; CONVECTION; LAYER AB Quasi-wavelets (QWs) are similar to customary wavelets in that they are based on translations and dilations of a parent function; however, their positions and orientations are random. QWs are convenient for representing random fields with a self-similar structure. In this paper, a general, multi-dimensional treatment of QW fields is presented that includes scale-dependence in the number density and amplitude of the QWs. Previous QW formulations are extended to include anisotropy and correlations among several properties of the random fields. These extensions would be difficult (if not impossible) to achieve systematically by Fourier methods. As an example application, it is shown how QW models can be constructed to produce constant turbulent flux layers. Heat flux in buoyantly driven turbulence is modeled as a collection of QWs with predominantly horizontal rotation coupled with dipole scalar perturbations. Predictions for spectra in the presence of fluxes are obtained. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.; Goedecke, George H.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM D.Keith.Wilson@usace.army.mil RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 FU US Army Basic Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program FX Funding was provided by the US Army Basic Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 343 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2008.09.002 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 442CT UT WOS:000265818100009 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT Van Sang, N AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. Van Sang, Nguyen TI Tropical cyclone spin-up revisited SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricane; typhoon; boundary layer; vortex intensification ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; SIMPLE-MODEL; ISABEL 2003; PART II; DYNAMICS; CORE; INTENSIFICATION; CIRCULATIONS; SIMULATION AB We present numerical experiments to investigate axisymmetric interpretations of tropical cyclone spin-up in a three-dimensional model. Two mechanisms are identified for the spin-up of the mean tangential circulation. The first involves the convergence of absolute angular momentum above the boundary layer and is a mechanism to Spill LIP the outer circulation, i.e. to increase the vortex size. The second involves the convergence of absolute angular momentum within the boundary layer and is a mechanism to spin up the inner core. It is associated with the development of supergradient wind speeds in the boundary layer. The existence of these two mechanisms provides a plausible physical explanation for certain Iona-standing observations of typhoons by Weatherford and Gray, which indicate that inner-core changes in the azimuthal-mean tangential wind speed often occur independently from those in the outer core. The unbalanced dynamics in the inner-core region are important in determining the maximum radial and tangential flow speeds that can be attained, and therefore important in determining the azimuthal-mean intensity of the vortex. We illustrate the importance of unbalanced flow in the boundary layer with a simple thought experiment. The analyses and interpretations presented are novel and support a recent hypothesis of the boundary layer in the inner-core region. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Smith, Roger K.; Van Sang, Nguyen] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0649944, ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426]; NOAA [2007-AOML-MM]; German Research Council (DFG); DFG FX This basic research on tropical cyclones was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research (grant N001408WR20129), by the National Science Foundation (grants ATM-0649944, ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426). by NOAA (grant 2007-AOML-MM), and by a grant from the German Research Council (DFG). The work was initiated between daily planning meetings and research flights while in the field on Guam, and was completed soon after at NOAA's Hurricane Research Division (HRD). We would like to thank the ONR/NSF-supported scientists (especially Pat Harr, Russ Elsberry of the NPS and Peter Black of NRL/Monterey), the professional and student forecasters, the flight crews and support personnel who worked tirelessly to make the TCS08/TPARC field campaign a great success. The TCS08 team fostered a stimulating atmosphere for conducting tropical cyclone research. We thank NOAA-HRD for their generous hospitality and both HRD and NPS/MR for creating a stimulating environment for pursuing hurricane research. Finally, we thank Tim Dunkerton and an anonymous reviewer for their perceptive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The third author is grateful for travel support provided by the DFG as part of the project 'Improved quantitative precipitation forecasting in Vietnam'. NR 52 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 135 IS 642 BP 1321 EP 1335 DI 10.1002/qj.428 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 485XG UT WOS:000269158000015 ER PT J AU Ntelekos, AA Smith, JA Donner, L Fast, JD Gustafson, WI Chapman, EG Krajewski, WF AF Ntelekos, Alexandros A. Smith, James A. Donner, Leo Fast, Jerome D. Gustafson, William I., Jr. Chapman, Elaine G. Krajewski, Witold F. TI The effects of aerosols on intense convective precipitation in the northeastern United States SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mesoscale modelling; WRF-Chem; extreme events; flooding ID MESOSCALE MODEL MM5; CLOUD MODEL; AIR-POLLUTION; PART I; CUMULUS CLOUD; WRF MODEL; MICROPHYSICS; RAINFALL; IMPACTS; STORMS AB A fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol mesoscale model (WRF-Chem) is used to assess the effects of aerosols on intense convective precipitation over the northeastern United States. Numerical experiments are performed for three intense convective storm days and for two scenarios representing 'typical' and 'low' aerosol conditions. The results of the simulations. suggest that increasing concentrations of aerosols can lead to either enhancement or suppression of precipitation. Quantification of the aerosol effect is sensitive to the metric used due to a shift of rainfall accumulation distribution when realistic aerosol concentrations are included in the simulations. Maximum rainfall accumulation amounts and areas with rainfall accumulations exceeding specified thresholds provide robust metrics of the aerosol effect on convective precipitation. Storms developing over areas with medium to low aerosol concentrations showed a suppression effect on rainfall independent of the meteorological environment. Storms developing in areas of relatively high particulate concentrations showed enhancement of rainfall when there were simultaneous high values of convective available potential energy, relative humidity and wind shear. In these cases, elevated aerosol concentrations resulted in stronger updraughts and downdraughts and more coherent organization of convection. For the extreme case, maximum rainfall accumulation differences exceeded 40 mm. The modelling results suggest that areas of the northeastern US urban corridor that are close to or downwind of intense sources of aerosols, could be more favourable for rainfall enhancement due to aerosols for the aerosol concentrations typical of this area. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Ntelekos, Alexandros A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, CEE Equad, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Donner, Leo] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fast, Jerome D.; Gustafson, William I., Jr.; Chapman, Elaine G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci & Global Change, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Krajewski, Witold F.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Ntelekos, AA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, CEE Equad, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ntelekos@alumni.princeton.edu RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008 OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393 NR 52 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 135 IS 643 BP 1367 EP 1391 DI 10.1002/qj.476 PN B PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 506MI UT WOS:000270778500001 ER PT J AU Zeng, XP Tao, WK Zhang, MH Hou, AY Xie, SC Lang, S Li, XW Starr, DO Li, XF AF Zeng, Xiping Tao, Wei-Kuo Zhang, Minghua Hou, Arthur Y. Xie, Shaocheng Lang, Stephen Li, Xiaowen Starr, David O'C Li, Xiaofan TI A contribution by ice nuclei to global warming SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE TRMM; cloud-resolving model ID RESOLVING MODEL SIMULATIONS; CLOUD SYSTEMS; NUCLEATION PROCESSES; PROFILING ALGORITHM; CONVECTIVE CLOUD; WATER-VAPOR; MICROPHYSICS; PRECIPITATION; RADIATION; DYNAMICS AB Ice nuclei (IN) significantly affect clouds via supercooled droplets, that in turn modulate atmospheric radiation and thus climate change. Since the IN effect is relatively strong in stratiform clouds but weak in convective ones, the overall effect depends on the ratio of stratiform to convective cloud amount. In this paper, ten years of TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) satellite data are analyzed to confirm that stratiform precipitation fraction increases with increasing latitude, which implies that the IN effect is stronger at higher latitudes. To quantitatively evaluate the IN effect versus latitude, large-scale forcing data from ten field campaigns are used to drive a cloud-resolving model to generate long-term cloud simulations. As revealed in the simulations, the increase in the net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere from doubling the current IN concentrations is larger at higher latitude, which is attributed to the meridional tendency in the stratiform precipitation fraction. Surface warming from doubling the IN concentrations, based on the radiative balance of the globe, is compared with that from anthropogenic CO(2). It is found that the former effect is stronger than the latter in middle and high latitudes but not in the Tropics. With regard to the impact of IN on global warming, there are two factors to consider: the radiative effect from increasing the IN concentration and the increase in IN concentration itself. The former relies on cloud ensembles and thus varies mainly with latitude. In contrast, the latter relies on IN sources (e.g. the land surface distribution) and thus varies not only with latitude but also longitude. Global desertification and industrialization provide clues on the geographic variation of the increase in IN concentration since pre-industrial times. Thus, their effect on global warming can be inferred and can then be compared with observations. A general match in geographic and seasonal variations between the inferred and observed warming suggests that IN may have contributed positively to global warming over the past decades, especially in middle and high latitudes. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Zeng, Xiping; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Hou, Arthur Y.; Lang, Stephen; Li, Xiaowen; Starr, David O'C] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zeng, Xiping; Li, Xiaowen] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhang, Minghua] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY USA. [Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Lang, Stephen] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zeng, XP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, C423,Bldg 33,Mail Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM zeng@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Hou, Arthur/D-8578-2012; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; FU NASA Headquarters Atmospheric Dynamics and Thermodynamics Program; NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); Office of Science (BER); US Department of Energy/Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (DOE/ARM) Interagency Agreement [DE-AI02-04ER63755]; NASA; DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program; University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Ames Research Center and the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for the enormous computer time used in this research. They greatly thank Drs. Richard Johnson and Paul Ciesielski for providing the large-scale forcing data derived from NAME, TOGA-COARE and SCSMEX/SESA. Special thanks are extended to Drs. Joanne Simpson, Warren Wiscombe and three anonymous reviewers for their kind comments and suggestions. NR 72 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 135 IS 643 BP 1614 EP 1629 DI 10.1002/qj.449 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 506MI UT WOS:000270778500017 ER PT J AU Desrosiers, MF Ostapenko, T Puhl, JM AF Desrosiers, M. F. Ostapenko, T. Puhl, J. M. TI The impact of irradiation temperature estimations on the accuracy of dosimetry SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP 2008) CY SEP 21-25, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND SP Int Irradiat Assoc ID ALANINE; SYSTEM AB Quality-control dosimetry is important to the routine operation of a radiation processing facility. For many applications this dosimetry must be traceable to a national primary standard. After irradiation at an industrial facility, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-supplied transfer dosimeters are certified by measurement and dose interpolation from the NIST calibration curve. However, prior to computing the absorbed dose the dosimeter response must be adjusted for the temperature difference between irradiation temperature for the alanine system calibration and the irradiation temperature for the industrial process. For most industrial applications, the temperature is not controlled and varies during the irradiation process. The alanine dosimeter response has a dependence on irradiation temperature, which is compensated for by applying a correction factor to the dosimeter response to compute the absorbed dose. Moreover, there is no consensus protocol to estimate the irradiation temperature and apply this correction. This work approximates industrial temperature profiles using a (60)Co source with a temperature-control led irradiation chamber, and then compares the relative effectiveness of commonly used industrial methods to correct for irradiation temperature influence on the alanine dosimeter response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Desrosiers, M. F.; Ostapenko, T.; Puhl, J. M.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Desrosiers, MF (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marc.desrosiers@nist.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 78 IS 7-8 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.04.009 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 476EU UT WOS:000268422100010 ER PT J AU Desrosiers, MF Puhl, JM AF Desrosiers, M. F. Puhl, J. M. TI Absorbed-dose/dose-rate dependence studies for the alanine-EPR dosimetry system SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP 2008) CY SEP 21-25, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND SP Int Irradiat Assoc DE Alanine; Dosimeter; Dosimetry; Electron beam; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Gamma-ray; ionizing radiation; irradiation temperature AB Over the course of the last decade, routine monitoring of the alanine dosimetry system revealed a small but significant observation that, after examination, led to the characterization of a previously unknown absorbed-dose-dependent, dose-rate effect for the alanine system. The newly discovered rate effect is of potential concern for electron-beam dosimetry, since electron-beam dosimetry typically derives its traceability to national standards through comparisons to gamma-ray calibrations of the dosimetry system. The largest discrepancy in source dose rates is between gamma-ray sources and electron-beam accelerators. Investigating the influence of temperature on the alanine rate effect is an important first step in preparation for a comparison study between electron-beam and gamma-ray dosimetry. Here, new data is presented on the influence of irradiation temperature (from -40 to +50 degrees C) on the dose-rate effect measured at 50 kGy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Desrosiers, M. F.; Puhl, J. M.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Desrosiers, MF (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marc.desrosiers@nist.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 78 IS 7-8 BP 461 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.03.025 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 476EU UT WOS:000268422100011 ER PT J AU Desrosiers, MF Peters, M Puhl, JM AF Desrosiers, M. F. Peters, M. Puhl, J. M. TI A study of the alanine dosimeter irradiation temperature coefficient from 25 to 80 degrees C SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP 2008) CY SEP 21-25, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND SP Int Irradiat Assoc DE Alanine; Dosimeter; Dosimetry; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Gamma ray; Ionizing radiation; Temperature coefficient ID SYSTEM AB The response of high-dose-range chemical dosimeters is dependent on the dosimeter temperature during irradiation. Typically, irradiation temperatures are estimated by measurements, calculations, or some combination of the two. Then using the temperature coefficient for the dosimetry system, the dosimeter response is adjusted or corrected to be consistent with the irradiation temperature for the calibration curve. Consequently, the estimation of irradiation temperature and the response correction via the temperature coefficient are sources of uncertainty in industrial dosimetry. To date, studies of dosimetry system performance at high temperatures have been limited. The maximum irradiation temperature for temperature coefficient studies of commercial alanine dosimeter formulations has not exceeded 50 degrees C. However, high-energy electron-beam processing can expose dosimeters to temperatures as high as 70 degrees C. This study aims to examine the temperature coefficient above 50 degrees C and assess the accuracy of the dosimeter response corrections. The findings reveal small but significant deviations from linearity above 70 degrees C. The magnitude of this deviation and its implications to dosimetry measurements will be discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Desrosiers, M. F.; Peters, M.; Puhl, J. M.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Desrosiers, MF (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marc.desrosiers@nist.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 78 IS 7-8 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.03.026 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 476EU UT WOS:000268422100012 ER PT J AU Wallace, WE Flynn, KM Guttman, CM VanderHart, DL Prabhu, VM De Silva, A Felix, NM Ober, CK AF Wallace, W. E. Flynn, K. M. Guttman, C. M. VanderHart, D. L. Prabhu, V. M. De Silva, A. Felix, N. M. Ober, C. K. TI Quantitative measurement of the polydispersity in the extent of functionalization of glass-forming calix[4]resorcinarenes SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID LASER-DESORPTION IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CALIXARENES; DERIVATIVES; RESISTS AB The polydispersity in the degree of functionalization for two calix[4]resorcinarenes was determined by measuring quantitatively their molecular mass distribution with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A mathematical method for polydisperse materials is described that creates a calibration curve to correct the ion signal intensities in the mass spectrum to give a more reliable molecular mass distribution. Correction is required due to various sample preparation and instrumental effects that may produce a systematic mass bias in the number of oligomers measured. This method employs gravimetric mixtures of analytes with different degrees of functionalization. One calix[4]resorcinarene was found to give accurate molecular mass distributions with little correction, while another, having a very similar molecular structure, was found to exhibit strong over-counting of the oligomers having a high degree of functionalization. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wallace, W. E.; Flynn, K. M.; Guttman, C. M.; VanderHart, D. L.; Prabhu, V. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [De Silva, A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Felix, N. M.] Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ober, C. K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wallace, WE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM William.Wallace@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 23 IS 13 BP 1957 EP 1962 DI 10.1002/rcm.4099 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 463US UT WOS:000267458300009 PM 19504485 ER PT J AU Bristow, AD Karaiskaj, D Dai, X Zhang, T Carlsson, C Hagen, KR Jimenez, R Cundiff, ST AF Bristow, A. D. Karaiskaj, D. Dai, X. Zhang, T. Carlsson, C. Hagen, K. R. Jimenez, R. Cundiff, S. T. TI A versatile ultrastable platform for optical multidimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform spectrometers; Michelson interferometers ID 2-DIMENSIONAL INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON-ECHOES; PHASE; SEMICONDUCTORS; STABILIZATION; TECHNOLOGY; PEPTIDES AB The JILA multidimensional optical nonlinear spectrometer (JILA-MONSTR) is a robust, ultrastable platform consisting of nested and folded Michelson interferometers that can be actively phase stabilized. This platform generates a square of identical laser pulses that can be adjusted to have arbitrary time delay between them while maintaining phase stability. The JILA-MONSTR provides output pulses for nonlinear excitation of materials and phase-stabilized reference pulses for heterodyne detection of the induced signal. This arrangement is ideal for performing coherent optical experiments, such as multidimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy, which records the phase of the nonlinear signal as a function of the time delay between several of the excitation pulses. The resulting multidimensional spectrum is obtained from a Fourier transform. This spectrum can resolve, separate, and isolate coherent contributions to the light-matter interactions associated with electronic excitation at optical frequencies. To show the versatility of the JILA-MONSTR, several demonstrations of two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy are presented, including an example of a phase-cycling scheme that reduces noise. Also shown is a spectrum that accesses two-quantum coherences, where all excitation pulses require phase locking for detection of the signal. C1 [Bristow, A. D.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bristow, AD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; FU National Science Foundation; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank Richard Mirin for the epitaxially grown quantum well sample. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 38 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 7 AR 073108 DI 10.1063/1.3184103 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 478VD UT WOS:000268615700009 PM 19655944 ER PT J AU Chu, W Fu, J Dixson, R Orji, G Vorburger, T AF Chu, Wei Fu, Joseph Dixson, Ronald Orji, George Vorburger, Theodore TI A moving window correlation method to reduce the distortion of scanning probe microscope images SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; piezoelectric actuators; scanning tunnelling microscopy ID HYSTERESIS AB Many scanning probe microscopes such as the scanning tunneling microscope and atomic force microscope use piezoelectric actuators operating in open loop for generating the scans of the surfaces. However, nonlinearities mainly caused by hysteresis and drift of piezoelectric actuators reduce the positioning accuracy and produce distorted images. A moving window correlation method is proposed in this paper to determine and quantify the hysteresis. This method requires both trace and retrace profiles to be recorded. With a window imposed on each of the profiles, correlations are implemented between the data inside two windows to find corresponding pixel pairs on two different profiles but the same physical positions along the fast scanning axis (x). The x-distances between pixel pairs are calculated and then a simple correction scheme is applied to reduce the distortion. C1 [Chu, Wei; Fu, Joseph; Dixson, Ronald; Orji, George; Vorburger, Theodore] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chu, Wei] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mech & Elect Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Chu, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 7 AR 073709 DI 10.1063/1.3189041 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 478VD UT WOS:000268615700023 PM 19655958 ER PT J AU Dura, JA LaRock, J AF Dura, J. A. LaRock, J. TI A molecular beam epitaxy facility for in situ neutron scattering SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE epitaxial layers; molecular beam epitaxial growth; neutron diffraction; neutron reflection; reflectometry ID THIN-FILMS; 001 SUPERLATTICES; X-RAY; REFLECTOMETRY; SIO2 AB A molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) facility has been built to enable in situ neutron scattering measurements during growth of epitaxial layers. While retaining the full capabilities of a research MBE chamber, this facility has been optimized for polarized neutron reflectometry measurements. Optimization includes a compact lightweight portable design, a neutron window, controllable magnetic field, deposition across a large 76 mm diameter sample with exceptional flux uniformity, and sample temperatures continuously controllable from 38 to 1375 K. A load lock chamber allows for sample insertion, storage of up to 4 samples, and docking with other facilities. The design and performance of this chamber are described here. C1 [Dura, J. A.; LaRock, J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dura, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 7 AR 073906 DI 10.1063/1.3169506 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 478VD UT WOS:000268615700029 PM 19655964 ER PT J AU Oguchi, H Hattrick-Simpers, J Takeuchi, I Heilweil, EJ Bendersky, LA AF Oguchi, H. Hattrick-Simpers, J. Takeuchi, I. Heilweil, E. J. Bendersky, L. A. TI An infrared imaging method for high-throughput combinatorial investigation of hydrogenation-dehydrogenation and new phase formation of thin films SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE annealing; hydrogenation; infrared imaging; magnesium compounds; palladium; thin films ID STORAGE MATERIALS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METAL-HYDRIDES; ALLOYS; SURFACE; SUBSTRATE; HYDROGENOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION AB We have developed an infrared imaging setup enabling in situ infrared images to be acquired, and expanded on capabilities of an infrared imaging as a high-throughput screening technique, determination of a critical thickness of a Pd capping layer which significantly blocks infrared emission from below, enhancement of sensitivity to hydrogenation and dehydrogenation by normalizing raw infrared intensity of a Mg thin film to an inert reference, rapid and systematic screening of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation properties of a Mg-Ni composition spread covered by a thickness gradient Pd capping layer, and detection of formation of a Mg(2)Si phase in a Mg thin film on a thermally oxidized Si substrate during annealing. C1 [Oguchi, H.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Oguchi, H.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Oguchi, H.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Hattrick-Simpers, J.; Bendersky, L. A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heilweil, E. J.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oguchi, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM h.oguchi@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Oguchi, Hiroyuki/R-5305-2016 FU NIST FX We wish to thank Dr. Larry Cook of the NIST Ceramics Division for his help and participation in designing and building the chamber, temperature controller, and gas handling system. We are also grateful to Dr. Makoto Otani of the NIST Ceramics Division for his help to develop analysis programs. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 80 IS 7 AR 073707 DI 10.1063/1.3184024 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 478VD UT WOS:000268615700021 PM 19655956 ER PT J AU Li, XM Li, XF He, MX AF Li XiaoMing Li XiaoFeng He MingXia TI Coastal upwelling observed by multi-satellite sensors SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE coastal upwelling; SAR; AVHRR/SST; wind field retrieval ID APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY; SEA; VALIDATION AB Coastal upwelling phenomenon along the China coast in the Yellow Sea during August 2007 is studied using ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) data, NOAA Advanced AVHRR series Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data, and NASA QuikSCAT Scatterometer ocean surface wind data. A dark pattern in an ASAR image is interpreted as coastal upwelling. This is because the natural biogenic slicks associated with coastal upwelling damp the Bragg waves on the sea surface and thus make the surface smoother. Most of the incoming radar energy is reflected in the forward direction. As a result, the radar backscatter signal is very weak. Analyzing the concurrent AVHRR SST image, we find that the dark pattern in the ASAR image is indeed corresponding to the low SST area. The wind retrieval in the slicks dominant region is biased due to the low Normalised Radar Cross Section (NRCS) associated with the coastal upwelling. We applied a SST correction to the NRCS values to improve the accuracy of wind retrieval from ASAR data. C1 [Li XiaoMing; He MingXia] Ocean Univ China, Ocean Remote Sensing Inst, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Li XiaoFeng] NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, XM (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Ocean Remote Sensing Inst, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. EM xm.lixiaoming@gmail.com RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-9313 J9 SCI CHINA SER D JI Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1030 EP 1038 DI 10.1007/s11430-009-0088-x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 466UD UT WOS:000267687400013 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE AF Newbury, Dale E. TI The Revolution in Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry: Spectrum Imaging at Output Count Rates Above 1 MHz with the Silicon Drift Detector on a Scanning Electron Microscope SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID TOOL AB The silicon drift detector energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SDD-EDS) system offers revolutionary improvements over the classic Si(Li)-EDS for mapping the compositional microstructure of matter with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For a given spectral resolution and detector solid active area/solid angle, SDD-EDS provides a throughput, measured as the peak output count rate, that is at least 50 times faster than Si(Li)-EDS. This high throughput directly translates into greatly reduced times for X-ray elemental mapping. Operating in the X-ray spectrum image (XSI) mode in which a complete EDS spectrum is recorded at each beam position, SDD-EDS can capture maps of useful pixel density (256 X 192) in less than 5 s that record information on major and minor constituents. Additional XSI mapping strategies include high pixel density (1024 X 768) and high intensity range for more complete recording of minor and trace constituents. Combined with the high brightness, high beam current, thermally assisted field emission gun SEM, high spatial resolution approaching 100 nm can be achieved in SEM-SDD-EDS X-ray maps. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS INC PI WOODLAND HILLS PA 6200 CANOGA AVE, 2ND FLR, WOODLAND HILLS, CA 91367 USA SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY JI Spectroscopy PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 32 EP + PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 470VP UT WOS:000268009900006 ER PT J AU Halvorsen, MB Wysocki, LE Stehr, CM Baldwin, DH Chicoine, DR Scholz, NL Popper, AN AF Halvorsen, Michele B. Wysocki, Lidia E. Stehr, Carla M. Baldwin, David H. Chicoine, David R. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Popper, Arthur N. TI Barging Effects on Sensory Systems of Chinook Salmon Smolts SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; RAINBOW-TROUT; AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY; DELAYED MORTALITY; COLUMBIA RIVER; SNAKE RIVER; HYDROPOWER SYSTEM; ATLANTIC SALMON AB To avoid mortality caused by passage through dam turbines and spillways, juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are annually transported downstream by barge through the federal hydropower system on the Snake and Columbia rivers. Survival of transported fish is higher than that of in-river migrants; however, transported fish experience higher rates of postrelease mortality. Increased mortality could result from a decrease in the ability to detect or avoid predators due to stressors associated with the barge environment. This study examined the effects of barging on juvenile Chinook salmon olfaction and auditory function, two sensory systems involved in predator detection. We focused on dissolved metals known to be toxic to the salmon olfactory system and on the level of noise from the barge, which could impair the auditory system. Experimental groups included animals collected (1) before barge loading (control group), (2) at the Bonneville Dam bypass system (migrant fish), (3) immediately after barge transport, and (4) within 7 d postbarging and at or after 7 d postbarging. Measured concentrations of dissolved metals from the water within the barge were below established water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Moreover, ultrastructural examination of the olfactory epithelium surface showed no evidence of injury to olfactory sensory neurons. Noise in the barge holding tanks had levels up to 136 dB referenced to 1 mu Pa (root mean square) with primary energy below 400 Hz. Auditory sensitivity was measured using the auditory-evoked potentials (AEP) technique. We found a small but statistically significant threshold shift for fish collected within 7 d postbarging, while in the 7-d-and-later postbarging group the AEP thresholds were similar to the control. Our findings indicate that the olfactory systems of transported Chinook salmon are intact and probably functional, while the auditory sensitivities are compromised with probable recovery. C1 [Halvorsen, Michele B.; Popper, Arthur N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Halvorsen, Michele B.; Popper, Arthur N.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wysocki, Lidia E.] Univ Vienna, Dept Behav Biol, Vienna, Austria. [Stehr, Carla M.; Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Chicoine, David R.] New York Chiropract Coll, Chiropract Program, Seneca Falls, NY 13148 USA. RP Halvorsen, MB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mb_halvorsen@yahoo.com RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 138 IS 4 BP 777 EP 789 DI 10.1577/T08-106.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EL UT WOS:000268501300007 ER PT J AU Malick, MJ Adkison, MD Wertheimer, AC AF Malick, Michael J. Adkison, Milo D. Wertheimer, Alex C. TI Variable Effects of Biological and Environmental Processes on Coho Salmon Marine Survival in Southeast Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC SALMON; OREGON PRODUCTION AREA; JUVENILE CHUM SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PINK SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; OCEAN GROWTH; EMBRYO SURVIVAL; FRASER-RIVER AB Correlation analyses, linear regression models, and multistock mixed effects models were used to examine the relationships between coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch marine survival and six biological and environmental covariates across 14 southeast Alaska (SEAK) stocks. A primary focus of the study was to investigate the influence of pink salmon O. gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta fry abundances on coho salmon marine survival. The coho salmon stocks exhibited strong covariation; 88 of the 91 pairwise comparisons among the coho salmon stocks covaried positively and 54 of them were significant (P < 0.05). Only one of the covariates, the North Pacific index, which is a measure of the Aleutian low pressure zone, had consistent relationships (positive) across all 14 stocks. The other covariates, including freshwater discharge, the Pacific decadal oscillation, sea-surface temperature, and two indices of pink salmon and chum salmon fry abundances, all had inconsistent relationships with marine survival. The best-fit linear regression models varied greatly among the 14 stocks, as did the R(2) values, which ranged from 0.00 to 0.54. An index representing local hatchery pink salmon and chum salmon fry abundance was the most important variable in explaining the variation in marine survival, having a stronger estimated effect on survival than an index of local wild pink salmon fry abundance. The magnitude and sign of the hatchery pink salmon and chum salmon effect varied greatly among different localities. Our results suggest that (1) SEAK coho salmon stocks are not equally influenced by the same factors and (2) there are factors that appear to affect marine survival of SEAK coho salmon stocks at varying spatial scales. This study also provides evidence that coho salmon stocks throughout SEAK experience some degree of regional concordance in the marine environment but also that local stock-specific conditions are important in fully understanding variation in marine survival. C1 [Malick, Michael J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Adkison, Milo D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wertheimer, Alex C.] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Malick, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mjmalick@alaska.edu FU U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics research program through the National Science Foundation. We thank L. Shaul, C. Blair, G. Freitag, R. Focht, X. Zhang, M. Plotnick, S. Heinl, and T. Royer for graciously providing auxiliary data. We also thank N. Hillgruber, B. Smoker, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on early manuscripts. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 138 IS 4 BP 846 EP 860 DI 10.1577/T08-177.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EL UT WOS:000268501300013 ER PT J AU Overton, AS Margraf, FJ May, EB AF Overton, Anthony S. Margraf, F. Joseph May, Eric B. TI Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Diet of Striped Bass in Chesapeake Bay SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ALBEMARLE SOUND; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; MORONE-SAXATILIS; NORTH-CAROLINA; PREY; PREDATION; FISH; ECOSYSTEM; RECOVERY; BLUEFISH AB We collected striped bass Morone saxatilis front 1998 to 2001 (n = 2,703) and compared the feeding patterns of four size-groups (small [150-300 mm total length], medium [301-500 mm], large [501-700 mm]), and extra large [>700 mm] among three general regions (upper, middle, and lower) in Chesapeake Bay. Invertebrates dominated the diet of small striped bass during spring in all regions, and by fall bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli became the dominant prey in the middle and lower regions. Pelagic schooling fishes were the primary prey for the larger size-groups. For medium striped bass, bay anchovy accounted for most of the prey eaten during spring and represented more than 50% of the diet by weight in summer in the upper and lower regions. Collectively, Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus and bay anchovy accounted for more than 60% of the diet by weight in the lower region. Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and Atlantic menhaden were the dominant prey for medium and large fish from summer through winter in the upper region. Blue crab Callinectes sapidus accounted for 45% of the diet by weight for large striped bass during the summer in the middle and lower regions of the bay. For extra-large striped bass. menhaden, along with bay anchovy and spot Leiostomus xanthurus, were the primary prey eaten throughout the year in all regions. Bay anchovy have become more important for extra-large fish, representing between 16.0% and 29.0% of the diet by weight during the spring and summer. This increase represents, a greater reliance by larger striped bass oil small pelagic prey. It also suggests a greater ecological connection between bay anchovy and striped bass production. C1 [Overton, Anthony S.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, US Geol Survey, Marlyland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Margraf, F. Joseph] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [May, Eric B.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Living Marine Resource Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Overton, AS (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Howell Sci Complex, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM overtona@ecu.edu NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 138 IS 4 BP 915 EP 926 DI 10.1577/T07-261.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EL UT WOS:000268501300018 ER PT J AU Ruetz, CR Strouse, DL Pothoven, SA AF Ruetz, Carl R., III Strouse, Dana L. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Energy Density of Introduced Round Goby Compared with Four Native Fishes in a Lake Michigan Tributary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; SMALLMOUTH BASS; FOOD-WEB; DIET; ERIE; ONTARIO; PREDATION; PREY AB The round goby Neogobius melanostomus is an invasive species that has changed Great Lakes food webs and become an important prey for many predators. We tested whether the round goby from a Lake Michigan tributary was energetically equivalent to four native fishes: mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii, johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum, bluntnose minnow Pimephales notatus, and rock bass Ambloplites rupestris. We found positive linear relationships between energy density and the percent dry weight of a fish for each species. We also found evidence of temporal and spatial variation in round goby energy density. Energy density was lower in spring and summer than in fall. The spatial variation in energy density may be linked to the inclusion of the low-quality prey, dreissenid mussels, in the diets of larger round goby. For a given size, the johnny darter and bluntnose minnow had the highest energy density while mottled sculpin had the lowest. Our results show that the energy density of the round goby is intermediate to those of the four native fishes, suggesting that the round goby is an energetically average prey in a Lake Michigan tributary. C1 [Ruetz, Carl R., III; Strouse, Dana L.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Ruetz, CR (reprint author), Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, 740 W Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM ruetzc@gvsu.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 138 IS 4 BP 938 EP 947 DI 10.1577/T08-048.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EL UT WOS:000268501300020 ER PT J AU Stan, G Krylyuk, S Davydov, AV Vaudin, MD Bendersky, LA Cook, RF AF Stan, G. Krylyuk, S. Davydov, A. V. Vaudin, M. D. Bendersky, L. A. Cook, R. F. TI Contact-resonance atomic force microscopy for nanoscale elastic property measurements: Spectroscopy and imaging SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Scanning Probe Microscopy Conference (ISPM) CY JUN 22-24, 2008 CL Seattle, WA DE Contact-resonance atomic force microscopy; Nanoscale elastic property measurements ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; SIZE DEPENDENCE; NANOWIRES; TELLURIUM; NANOBELTS; VIBRATIONS; MODULUS; FILMS AB Quantitative measurements of the elastic modulus of nanosize systems and nanostructured materials are provided with great accuracy and precision by contact-resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM). As an example of measuring the elastic modulus of nanosize entities, we used the CR-AFM technique to measure the out-of-plane indentation modulus of tellurium nanowires. A size-dependence of the indentation modulus was observed for the investigated tellurium nanowires with diameters in the range 20-150 nm. Over this diameter range, the elastic modulus of the outer layers of the tellurium nanowires experienced significant enhancement due to a pronounced surface stiffening effect. Quantitative estimations for the elastic moduli of the outer and inner parts of tellurium nanowires of reduced diameter are made with a core-shell structure model. Besides localized elastic modulus measurements, we have also developed a unique CR-AFM imaging capability to map the elastic modulus over a micrometer-scale area. We used this CR-AFM capability to construct indentation modulus maps at the junction between two adjacent facets of a tellurium microcrystal. The clear contrast observed in the elastic moduli of the two facets indicates the different surface crystallography of these facets. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stan, G.; Vaudin, M. D.; Cook, R. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylyuk, S.; Davydov, A. V.; Bendersky, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JUL PY 2009 VL 109 IS 8 BP 929 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.03.025 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 475JL UT WOS:000268354400015 PM 19361926 ER PT J AU Grim, KC Wolfe, MJ Edwards, M Kaufman, J Onjukka, S Moran, P Wolf, JC AF Grim, K. C. Wolfe, M. J. Edwards, M. Kaufman, J. Onjukka, S. Moran, P. Wolf, J. C. TI Epizootic Ameloblastomas in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of the Northwestern United States SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ameloblastoma; Chinook salmon; epizootic; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PACIFIC SALMON; CELL-LINE; FISH; VIRUS; CARCINOGENESIS; PAPILLOMA; NEOPLASMS AB Abnormal growths were observed on the lips and in the oral cavities of 2- and 3-year-old Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) maintained in one freshwater and one saltwater captive fish-rearing facility in the Columbia River (Pacific Northwest). Initially presenting as bilaterally symmetrical, red, irregular plaques on oral mucosal surfaces, the lesions developed progressively into large, disfiguring masses. Of the 502 natural parr collected for captive broodstock, 432 (86%) displayed these tumors, whereas cohort salmon (i.e., same year classes) in these same facilities remained unaffected. Morphologically similar neoplasms were collected occasionally from adult Chinook salmon that had returned to their natal streams. Histologic features of the tumors suggested that they were derived from the portion of dental lamina destined to form tooth root sulci; therefore, these neoplasms were diagnosed as ameloblastomas. The lesions also resembled archived specimens of Chinook salmon oral tumors, which had been described decades earlier. Etiologic investigations performed during the current outbreak included bacteriologic, virologic, genetic, ultrastructural analyses, and cohabitation exposure studies. Results of these efforts did not indicate an obvious genetic basis for this syndrome, attempts to isolate potentially causative viruses or bacteria were negative, and disease transmission to naive fish was unsuccessful. A few intracytoplasmic hexagonal structures, possibly consistent with viral particles (similar to 100 nm), were observed ultrastructurally in a tumor cell from 1 of 6 specimens submitted for transmission electron microscopy. Although the presence of these particles does not constitute sufficient evidence for causality, an infectious or multifactorial etiology seems plausible. C1 [Wolfe, M. J.; Wolf, J. C.] Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Registry Tumors Lower Anim, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. [Grim, K. C.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Grim, K. C.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA USA. [Edwards, M.] Enterprise Field Off, Nez Perce Tribe Dept Fisheries Resources Manageme, Enterprise, OR USA. [Kaufman, J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Onjukka, S.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Hlth Serv, La Grande, OR USA. [Moran, P.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA USA. RP Wolf, JC (reprint author), Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Registry Tumors Lower Anim, 45600 Terminal Dr, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. EM jwolf@epl-inc.com FU Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. [N02-CB-27034]; Bonneville Power Administration [198909600] FX This project was performed, in part, by using the services provided by the National Cancer Institute's Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, operated under contract by Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., N02-CB-27034. We also thank the contributions and efforts of Phyllis Spero (RTLA) and Debbie Haegele (RTLA) for organizing slide materials. We thank Dr. Richard R. Dubielzig, DVM, for aiding in the diagnosis of these tumors, Dr. Jerry R. Heidel, DVM, for histopathologic work on tumor tissues, Dr. Lee Harrell, DVM, for tissue collection and input on managing this problem in the Captive Broodstock Program. We also thank Dr. James Casey for conducting viral-probe testing, Marla Chaney for assistance with tumor sampling and taking care of these fish, Sharon Vendshus for performing numerous fish necropsies, and Glenda O'Connor for sampling and necropsying the fish from Northeast Oregon. This work was supported in part by Bonneville Power Administration project 198909600. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 622 EP 635 DI 10.1354/vp.08-VP-0150-W-FL PG 14 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 475UY UT WOS:000268388700011 PM 19276053 ER PT J AU Nedimovic, MR Bohnenstiehl, DR Carbotte, SM Canales, JP Dziak, RP AF Nedimovic, Mladen R. Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. Carbotte, Suzanne M. Canales, J. Pablo Dziak, Robert P. TI Faulting and hydration of the Juan de Fuca plate system SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Juan de Fuca plate system; seismic reflection imaging; faulting; hydration; earthquakes ID MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; GORDA PLATE; DEHYDRATION EMBRITTLEMENT; INTERNAL DEFORMATION; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; EARTHQUAKE; MANTLE; RIDGE; MIGRATION AB Multichannel seismic observations provide the first direct images of crustal scale normal faults within the Juan de Fuca plate system and indicate that brittle deformation extends up to similar to 200 km seaward of the Cascadia trench. Within the sedimentary layering steeply dipping faults are identified by stratigraphic offsets, with maximum throws of 110 +/- 10 m found near the trench. Fault throws diminish both upsection and seaward from the trench. Long-term throw rates are estimated to be 13 +/- 2 mm/kyr. Faulted offsets within the sedimentary layering are typically linked to larger offset scarps in the basement topography, suggesting reactivation of the normal fault systems formed at the spreading center. Imaged reflections within the gabbroic igneous crust indicate swallowing fault dips at depth. These reflections require local alteration to produce an impedance contrast, indicating that the imaged fault structures provide pathways for fluid transport and hydration. As the depth extent of imaged faulting within this young and sediment insulated oceanic plate is primarily limited to approximately Moho depths, fault-controlled hydration appears to be largely restricted to crustal levels, If dehydration embrittlement is an important mechanism for triggering intermediate-depth earthquakes within the subducting slab, then the limited occurrence rate and magnitude of intraslab seismicity at the Cascadia margin may in part be explained by the limited amount of water imbedded into the uppermost oceanic mantle prior to subduction. The distribution of submarine earthquakes within the Juan de Fuca plate system indicates that propagator wake areas are likely to be more faulted and therefore more hydrated than other parts of this plate system. However, being largely restricted to crustal levels, this localized increase in hydration generally does not appear to have a measurable effect on the intraslab seismicity along most of the subducted propagator wakes at the Cascadia margin. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nedimovic, Mladen R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Life Sci Ctr, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nedimovic, Mladen R.; Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.; Carbotte, Suzanne M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Canales, J. Pablo] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.] NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Nedimovic, MR (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Life Sci Ctr, Room 3006, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM mladen@dal.ca RI Nedimovic, Mladen/B-8459-2009; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Nedimovic, Mladen/0000-0003-0327-5192; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 FU Doherty Foundation; National Science Foundation [OCE002488, OCE0648303] FX This work was made possible through the generosity of American (T. M. Brocher, J. B. Diebold, A. M. Trehu), Canadian (K. Vasudevan) and German (E. Flueh, D. Klaeschen) researchers who provided seismic reflection data. D. S. Wilson kindly supplied magnetic isochron information and critically reviewed the manuscript. We are grateful to M. Protti, L R. Sykes and G. A. Abers for comments on earlier drafts of this work, which was supported by the Doherty Foundation and the National Science Foundation under grants OCE002488 and OCE0648303 to SMC and MRN. NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 1-2 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.04.013 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 476KK UT WOS:000268438900011 ER PT J AU Smith, AJ Larson, VE Niu, JG Kankiewicz, JA Carey, LD AF Smith, Adam J. Larson, Vincent E. Niu, Jianguo Kankiewicz, J. Adam Carey, Lawrence D. TI Processes that generate and deplete liquid water and snow in thin midlevel mixed-phase clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; MODEL EVALUATION; ARCTIC STRATUS; IN-SITU; PART I; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS AB This paper uses a numerical model to investigate microphysical, radiative, and dynamical processes in mixed-phase altostratocumulus clouds. Three cloud cases are chosen for study, each of which was observed by aircraft during the fifth or ninth Complex Layered Cloud Experiment (CLEX). These three clouds are numerically modeled using large-eddy simulation (LES). The observed and modeled clouds consist of a mixed-phase layer with a quasi-adiabatic profile of liquid, and a virga layer below that consists of snow. A budget of cloud (liquid) water mixing ratio is constructed from the simulations. It shows that large-scale ascent/descent, radiative cooling/heating, turbulent transport, and microphysical processes are all significant. Liquid is depleted indirectly via depositional growth of snow (the Bergeron-Findeisen process). This process is more influential than depletion of liquid via accretional growth of snow. Also constructed is a budget of snow mixing ratio, which turns out to be somewhat simpler. It shows that snow grows by deposition in and below the liquid (mixed-phase) layer, and sublimates in the remainder of the virga region below. The deposition and sublimation are balanced primarily by sedimentation, which transports the snow from the growth region to the sublimation region below. In our three clouds, the vertical extent of the virga layer is influenced more by the profile of saturation ratio below the liquid (mixed-phase) layer than by the mixing ratio of snow at the top of the virga layer. C1 [Smith, Adam J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Niu, Jianguo] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Larson, Vincent E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Kankiewicz, J. Adam] WindLogics Inc, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Carey, Lawrence D.] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Smith, AJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.j.smith-1@ou.edu; vlarson@uwm.edu RI Niu, Jianguo/G-1325-2012 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0618818]; UWM Research Growth Initiative FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments. A. J. Smith and V. E. Larson are grateful for financial support provided by grant ATM-0618818 from the National Science Foundation and by the UWM Research Growth Initiative. COAMPS1 is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 81 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D12203 DI 10.1029/2008JD011531 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 466EI UT WOS:000267643200001 ER PT J AU Patrick, AD Dong, X Allison, TC Blaisten-Barojas, E AF Patrick, Anthony D. Dong, Xiao Allison, Thomas C. Blaisten-Barojas, Estela TI Silicon carbide nanostructures: A tight binding approach SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chirality; density functional theory; energy gap; insulators; nanotubes; nanowires; silicon compounds; tight-binding calculations; total energy; wide band gap semiconductors ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOWIRES; STABILITY; FULLERENE; CLUSTERS; FAMILY; GROWTH; ENERGY AB A tight-binding model Hamiltonian is newly parametrized for silicon carbide based on fits to a database of energy points calculated within the density functional theory approach of the electronic energy surfaces of nanoclusters and the total energy of bulk 3C and 2H polytypes at different densities. This TB model includes s and p angular momentum symmetries with nonorthogonal atomic basis functions. With the aid of the new TB model, minima of silicon carbide cagelike clusters, nanotubes, ring-shaped ribbons, and nanowires are predicted. Energetics, structure, growth sequences, and stability patterns are reported for the nanoclusters and nanotubes. The band structure of SiC nanotubes and nanowires indicates that the band gap of the nanotubes ranges from 0.57 to 2.38 eV depending on the chirality, demonstrating that these nanotubes are semiconductors or insulators. One type of nanowire is metallic, another type is semiconductor, and the rest are insulators. C1 [Patrick, Anthony D.; Dong, Xiao; Blaisten-Barojas, Estela] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Patrick, Anthony D.; Blaisten-Barojas, Estela] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patrick, AD (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, 4400 Univ Dr,MSN 6A2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM blaisten@gmu.edu RI Blaisten-Barojas, Estela/B-9520-2009; DONG, XIAO/L-9202-2016 OI DONG, XIAO/0000-0001-8456-0918 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; [PHY050023T] FX This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Teragrid Grant No. PHY050023T is acknowledged for computing time. We acknowledge useful discussions with Dr. Carlos Gonzalez and Dr. D. Papaconstantopoulos. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 24 AR 244704 DI 10.1063/1.3157282 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 465PX UT WOS:000267600400037 PM 19566171 ER PT J AU Lee, DY Hines, DR Stafford, CM Soles, CL Lin, EK Oehrlein, GS AF Lee, Deuk Yeon Hines, Daniel R. Stafford, Christopher M. Soles, Christopher L. Lin, Eric K. Oehrlein, Gottlieb S. TI Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Nanotransfer Printing between Thermoplastic Polymers SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACE MODIFICATION; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; ADHESION; MOLD AB Plasma activation of thermoplastic polymer surfaces enables nanotransfer printing (NTP) at dramatically lower processing temperatures. Polar functional groups introduced by plasma surface activation render the polymer surfaces hydrophilic and cause a dramatic increase in interfacial adhesion, thus lowering the temperature at which NTP can be successfully performed to below the glass-transition temperature of each polymer. C1 [Lee, Deuk Yeon; Oehrlein, Gottlieb S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hines, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hines, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.; Soles, Christopher L.; Lin, Eric K.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oehrlein, GS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM oehrlein@umd.edu NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 26 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 24 BP 2524 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200803121 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 467EA UT WOS:000267719000010 ER PT J AU Maunz, P Olmschenk, S Hayes, D Matsukevich, DN Duan, LM Monroe, C AF Maunz, P. Olmschenk, S. Hayes, D. Matsukevich, D. N. Duan, L. -M. Monroe, C. TI Heralded Quantum Gate between Remote Quantum Memories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; PHOTONS; ATOM; TELEPORTATION; COMPUTER; CAVITY; STATES; IONS AB We demonstrate a probabilistic entangling quantum gate between two distant trapped ytterbium ions. The gate is implemented between the hyperfine "clock" state atomic qubits and mediated by the interference of two emitted photons carrying frequency encoded qubits. Heralded by the coincidence detection of these two photons, the gate has an average output state fidelity of 89 +/- 2%. This entangling gate together with single qubit operations is sufficient to generate large entangled cluster states for scalable quantum computing. C1 [Maunz, P.; Olmschenk, S.; Hayes, D.; Matsukevich, D. N.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maunz, P.; Olmschenk, S.; Hayes, D.; Matsukevich, D. N.; Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Maunz, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pmaunz@umd.edu RI Matsukevich, Dzmitry/C-9134-2009; Olmschenk, Steven/D-4960-2011; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 OI Olmschenk, Steven/0000-0003-0105-7714; FU National Science Foundation Physics; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX This work is supported by the Intelligence Advanced Research Project Activity (IARPA) under Army Research Office contract, the National Science Foundation Physics at the Information Frontier program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 26 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 25 AR 250502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.250502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 463KX UT WOS:000267432000006 PM 19659062 ER PT J AU Wittenberg, AT AF Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI Are historical records sufficient to constrain ENSO simulations? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; EL-NINO; SEASONAL CYCLE; FUTURE; IRREGULARITY; VARIABILITY; MODULATION; CHAOS AB A control simulation of the GFDL CM2.1 global coupled GCM, run for 2000 years with its atmospheric composition, solar irradiance, and land cover held fixed at 1860 values, exhibits strong interdecadal and intercentennial modulation of its ENSO behavior. To the extent that such modulation is realistic, it could attach large uncertainties to ENSO metrics diagnosed from centennial and shorter records - with important implications for historical and paleo records, climate projections, and model assessment and intercomparison. Analysis of the wait times between ENSO warm events suggests that such slow modulation need not require multidecadal memory; it can arise simply from Poisson statistics applied to ENSO's interannual time scale and seasonal phase-locking. Citation: Wittenberg, A. T. (2009), Are historical records sufficient to constrain ENSO simulations?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12702, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038710. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Wittenberg, AT (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM andrew.wittenberg@noaa.gov RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 NR 25 TC 179 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L12702 DI 10.1029/2009GL038710 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 464EY UT WOS:000267489300005 ER PT J AU Shevliakova, E Pacala, SW Malyshev, S Hurtt, GC Milly, PCD Caspersen, JP Sentman, LT Fisk, JP Wirth, C Crevoisier, C AF Shevliakova, Elena Pacala, Stephen W. Malyshev, Sergey Hurtt, George C. Milly, P. C. D. Caspersen, John P. Sentman, Lori T. Fisk, Justin P. Wirth, Christian Crevoisier, Cyril TI Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: Importance of the secondary vegetation sink SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FOREST BIOMASS; MODEL; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERE; BALANCE; PRODUCTIVITY; BIOSPHERE; AMAZON AB We have developed a dynamic land model (LM3V) able to simulate ecosystem dynamics and exchanges of water, energy, and CO(2) between land and atmosphere. LM3V is specifically designed to address the consequences of land use and land management changes including cropland and pasture dynamics, shifting cultivation, logging, fire, and resulting patterns of secondary regrowth. Here we analyze the behavior of LM3V, forced with the output from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric model AM2, observed precipitation data, and four historic scenarios of land use change for 1700-2000. Our analysis suggests a net terrestrial carbon source due to land use activities from 1.1 to 1.3 GtC/a during the 1990s, where the range is due to the difference in the historic cropland distribution. This magnitude is substantially smaller than previous estimates from other models, largely due to our estimates of a secondary vegetation sink of 0.35 to 0.6 GtC/a in the 1990s and decelerating agricultural land clearing since the 1960s. For the 1990s, our estimates for the pastures' carbon flux vary from a source of 0.37 to a sink of 0.15 GtC/a, and for the croplands our model shows a carbon source of 0.6 to 0.9 GtC/a. Our process-based model suggests a smaller net deforestation source than earlier bookkeeping models because it accounts for decelerated net conversion of primary forest to agriculture and for stronger secondary vegetation regrowth in tropical regions. The overall uncertainty is likely to be higher than the range reported here because of uncertainty in the biomass recovery under changing ambient conditions, including atmospheric CO(2) concentration, nutrients availability, and climate. C1 [Shevliakova, Elena; Pacala, Stephen W.; Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Caspersen, John P.] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. [Crevoisier, Cyril] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IPSL, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Hurtt, George C.; Fisk, Justin P.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sentman, Lori T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Wirth, Christian] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. RP Shevliakova, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM elena@princeton.edu RI Hurtt, George/A-8450-2012; Sentman, Lori/D-4402-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ262]; U. S. Department of Commerc; British Petroleum Company; Ford Motor Company; NASA FX The authors are most grateful to Ronald J. Stouffer, Songmiao Fan, James Randerson, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This work has been supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS) under award NA17RJ262 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U. S. Department of Commerce; by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative with support provided by the British Petroleum Company and the Ford Motor Company; and by a grant from the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA and NASA. NR 53 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 75 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUN 23 PY 2009 VL 23 AR GB2022 DI 10.1029/2007GB003176 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 464FD UT WOS:000267489800001 ER PT J AU Banas, NS Lessard, EJ Kudela, RM MacCready, P Peterson, TD Hickey, BM Frame, E AF Banas, N. S. Lessard, E. J. Kudela, R. M. MacCready, P. Peterson, T. D. Hickey, B. M. Frame, E. TI Planktonic growth and grazing in the Columbia River plume region: A biophysical model study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA SPP.; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; COASTAL OCEAN; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; SURFACE WATERS; DYNAMICS; ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATION; CARBON; MICROZOOPLANKTON AB A four-box model of planktonic nutrient cycling was coupled to a high-resolution hindcast circulation model of the Oregon-Washington coast to assess the role of the Columbia River plume in shaping regional-scale patterns of phytoplankton biomass and productivity. The ecosystem model tracks nitrogen in four phases: dissolved nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, zooplankton biomass, and detritus. Model parameters were chosen using biological observations and shipboard process studies from two cruises in 2004 and 2005 conducted as part of the River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems program. In particular, community growth and grazing rates from 26 microzooplankton dilution experiments were used, in conjunction with analytical equilibrium solutions to the model equations, to diagnose key model rate parameters. The result is a simple model that reproduces both stocks (of nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton) and rates (of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing) simultaneously. Transient plume circulation processes are found to modulate the Washington-Oregon upwelling ecosystem in two ways. First, the presence of the plume shifts primary production to deeper water: under weak or variable upwelling winds, 20% less primary production is seen on the inner shelf, and 10-20% more is seen past the 100 m isobath. River effects are smaller when upwelling is strong and sustained. Second, increased retention in the along-coast direction (i. e., episodic interruption of equatorward transport) causes a net shift toward older communities and increased micrograzer impact on both the Oregon and Washington shelves from the midshelf seaward. C1 [Banas, N. S.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lessard, E. J.; MacCready, P.; Hickey, B. M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kudela, R. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Peterson, T. D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sci & Technol Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predi, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Frame, E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Banas, NS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Campus Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM banasn@u.washington.edu OI Banas, Neil/0000-0002-1892-9497 FU NSF [0239089, 0238347] FX This work was supported by NSF grants OCE 0239089 and OCE 0238347. This is contribution 33 of the NSF CoOP River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems ( RISE) program. Many thanks to the captain and crew of the R/V Wecoma and the other participants in the RISE1 and RISE3 cruises and a special thanks to Ken Bruland, Maeve Lohan, and Tina Sohst for the nutrient data. Thanks as well to programmer and computer cluster administrator David Darr. The thoughtful input of Peter Franks, Chris Edwards, Yvette Spitz, and Andy Leising during the model design phase; Yonggang Liu during the validation phase; and Marjy Friedrichs and an anonymous reviewer during the revision process has been much appreciated. NR 57 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 23 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C00B06 DI 10.1029/2008JC004993 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 464FL UT WOS:000267490600001 ER PT J AU Ohtani, S Miyashita, Y Singer, H Mukai, T AF Ohtani, S. Miyashita, Y. Singer, H. Mukai, T. TI Tailward flows with positive B-Z in the near-Earth plasma sheet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BURSTY BULK FLOWS; GEOTAIL SPACECRAFT; FLUX TUBES; SATELLITE; MHD AB The present study examines tailward flows in the central plasma sheet using Geotail measurements at X >= -31 RE. A focus is placed on the midnight near-Earth 8 > X >= -15 RE and vertical bar Y vertical bar < 5 R-E) region. It is found that the B-Z component is predominantly positive when the X component of the perpendicular flow velocity V?; X is negative and that a substantial portion (37%) of earthward magnetic flux transport is canceled by tailward flows. This ratio is larger than farther down the tail (-15 > X >= -31 RE), 25%, suggesting that there is a cause of tailward flows that works favorably in the near-Earth region. The tailward flow velocity occasionally exceeds 200 km/s. The results of a superposed epoch analysis and case studies of such fast tailward flows are summarized as follows: ( 1) the typical duration of a fast tailward flow is 1 min; ( 2) E-Y is negative, suggesting that the fast tailward flow is an electric drift; ( 3) the local magnetic configuration tends to become more dipolar; ( 4) the ion temperature and density increases and decreases, respectively, and there is no significant change in ion pressure; (5) a fast tailward flow is often preceded by a fast earthward flow; and ( 6) the Y component of the flow velocity is generally smaller than vertical bar V-perpendicular to,V-X vertical bar. It is also found that the geosynchronous magnetic field on the night side rarely changes during these fast tailward flows. The rebound of fast earthward flows is suggested as the most plausible cause of fast tailward flows. C1 [Ohtani, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Miyashita, Y.; Mukai, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Singer, H.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ohtani, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ohtani@jhuapl.edu RI Ohtani, Shinichi/E-3914-2016 OI Ohtani, Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840 FU NASA [NNX07AG07G, NNX08AM50G] FX We thank Dae- Young Lee for helpful discussions. The Geotail magnetometer data were provided by S. Kokubun and T. Nagai. We thank M. Nose and D. Nagata for processing the Geotail/ STICS data, which were provided by A. T. Y. Lui. Work at JHU/APL was supported by NASA grants NNX07AG07G and NNX08AM50G. [ 49] Amitava Bhattacharjee thanks Rumi Nakamura and Ramon Lopez for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 23 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A06218 DI 10.1029/2009JA014159 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 464FV UT WOS:000267491600001 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Srinivasan, Kartik TI Efficient spectroscopy of single embedded emitters using optical fiber taper waveguides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; QUANTUM-DOT; FLUORESCENCE; MICROCAVITY AB A technique based on using optical fiber taper waveguides for probing single emitters embedded in thin dielectric membranes is assessed through numerical simulations. For an appropriate membrane geometry, photoluminescence collection efficiencies in excess of 10 % are predicted, exceeding the efficiency of standard free-space collection by an order of magnitude. Our results indicate that these fiber taper waveguides offer excellent prospects for performing efficient spectroscopy of single emitters embedded in thin films, such as a single self-assembled quantum dot in a semiconductor membrane. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdavanco@nist.gov RI Srinivasan, Kartik/D-6369-2010 FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement FX This work has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 22 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 13 BP 10542 EP 10563 DI 10.1364/OE.17.010542 PG 22 WC Optics SC Optics GA 467RW UT WOS:000267761100012 PM 19550451 ER PT J AU Lee, SW Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Sim, CM Arif, M AF Lee, Seung Wook Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. Sim, Cheul Muu Arif, Muhammad TI Development of the grating phase neutron interferometer at a monochromatic beam line SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiography CY SEP 14-18, 2008 CL Kobe Univ, Kobe, JAPAN HO Kobe Univ DE Neutron imaging; Phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect; Grating; Neutron interferometer AB Recently, it has been demonstrated that a shearing type interferometer, using precision silicon gratings, enables one to image the gradient of neutron phase shift through an object and retrieve the phase via a simple one-dimensional integration of the gradient. To fully explore this new technique for potential future cold neutron imaging stations at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, we have developed a prototype phase imaging station at a monochromatic cold neutron beamline in the NCNR neutron guide hall. We have designed the silicon gratings for a neutron wavelength of 0.44 nm and fabricated them using the state-of-the-art nanofabrication facility at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. Here we will discuss the experimental apparatus, as well as the recent experimental results obtained with this prototype apparatus. We will also present the data analysis method used for the phase retrieval, and discuss the accuracy of the method as well as the measurement sensitivity obtained using this method. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Seung Wook; Sim, Cheul Muu] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Lee, Seung Wook; Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.; Arif, Muhammad] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, SW (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM sw@kaeri.re.kr; daniel.hussey@nist.gov; cmsim@kaeri.re.kr; muhammad.arif@nist.gov NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 21 PY 2009 VL 605 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.225 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 472WK UT WOS:000268163300006 ER PT J AU Bao, W Qiu, Y Huang, Q Green, MA Zajdel, P Fitzsimmons, MR Zhernenkov, M Chang, S Fang, MH Qian, B Vehstedt, EK Yang, JH Pham, HM Spinu, L Mao, ZQ AF Bao, Wei Qiu, Y. Huang, Q. Green, M. A. Zajdel, P. Fitzsimmons, M. R. Zhernenkov, M. Chang, S. Fang, Minghu Qian, B. Vehstedt, E. K. Yang, Jinhu Pham, H. M. Spinu, L. Mao, Z. Q. TI Tunable (delta pi, delta pi)-Type Antiferromagnetic Order in alpha-Fe(Te,Se) Superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; SYSTEMS AB The new alpha-Fe(Te,Se) superconductors share the common iron building block and ferminology with the LaFeAsO and BaFe(2)As(2) families of superconductors. In contrast with the predicted commensurate spin-density-wave order at the nesting wave vector (pi, 0), a completely different magnetic order with a composition tunable propagation vector (delta pi, delta pi) was determined for the parent compound Fe(1+y)Te in this powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction study. The new antiferromagnetic order survives as a short-range one even in the highest T(C) sample. An alternative to the prevailing nesting Fermi surface mechanism is required to understand the latest family of ferrous superconductors. C1 [Bao, Wei] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Bao, Wei; Fitzsimmons, M. R.; Zhernenkov, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Huang, Q.; Green, M. A.; Zajdel, P.; Chang, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zajdel, P.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Fang, Minghu; Qian, B.; Vehstedt, E. K.; Mao, Z. Q.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Fang, Minghu; Yang, Jinhu] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Pham, H. M.; Spinu, L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. EM wbao@ruc.edu.cn RI Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; 石, 源/D-5929-2012; ruc, phy/E-4170-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Vehstedt, Erin/K-5570-2012; Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Vehstedt, Erin/0000-0002-9659-0791; Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866 FU DOE-OS-BES; NSF [DMR-0645305]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46358]; Research Corp.; NBRP of China [2006CB01003, 2009CB929104]; DARPA [HR0011-07-1-0031] FX Work at LANL was supported by the DOE-OS-BES; at Tulane by the NSF grant DMR-0645305, the DOE DE-FG02-07ER46358 and the Research Corp.; at ZU by NBRP of China (No. 2006CB01003, 2009CB929104) and the PCSIRT of the MOE of China (IRT0754); at UNO by DARPA Grant No. HR0011-07-1-0031. SPINS is in part supported by NSF under Agreement DMR-0454672. NR 38 TC 448 Z9 454 U1 5 U2 98 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 24 AR 247001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.247001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460OV UT WOS:000267197900055 PM 19659037 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Bohnenstiehl, DR Matsumoto, H Fowler, MJ Haxel, JH Tolstoy, M Waldhauser, F AF Dziak, Robert P. Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R. Matsumoto, Haruyoshi Fowler, Matthew J. Haxel, Joseph H. Tolstoy, Maya Waldhauser, Felix TI January 2006 seafloor-spreading event at 9 degrees 50 ' N, East Pacific Rise: Ridge dike intrusion and transform fault interactions from regional hydroacoustic SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE mid-ocean ridge; fast spreading; earthquakes; magma intrusion; hydroacoustics; hydrophone ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; STRESS TRANSFER; CRACKING EVENT; T-WAVES; ERUPTION; ICELAND; IDENTIFICATION; SEGMENTATION; EMPLACEMENT AB An array of autonomous underwater hydrophones is used to investigate regional seismicity associated with the 22 January 2006 seafloor-spreading event on the northern East Pacific Rise near 9 degrees 50'N. Significant earthquake activity was observed beginning 3 weeks prior to the eruption, where a total of 255 earthquakes were detected within the vicinity of the 9 degrees 50'N area. This was followed by a series of 252 events on 22 January and a rapid decline to background seismicity levels during the subsequent 3 days. Because of their small magnitudes, accurate locations could be derived for only 20 of these events, 18 of which occurred during a 1-h period on 22 January. These earthquakes cluster near 9 degrees 45'N and 9 degrees 55'N, at the distal ends of the young lava flows identified posteruption, where the activity displays a distinct spatial-temporal pattern, alternating from the north to the south and then back to the north. This implies either rapid bilateral propagation along the rift or the near-simultaneous injection of melt vertically from the axial magma lens. Short-duration T wave risetimes are consistent with the eruption of lavas in the vicinity of 9 degrees 50'N on 22 January 2006. Eruptions on 12 and 15-16 January also may be inferred from the risetime data; however, the locations of these smaller-magnitude events cannot be determined accurately. Roughly 15 h after the last earthquakes were located adjacent to the eruption site, a sequence of 16 earthquakes began to the north-northeast at a distance of 25-40 km from the 9 degrees 50'N site. These events are located in vicinity of the Clipperton Transform and its western inside corner, an area from which the regional hydrophone network routinely detects seismicity. Coulomb stress modeling indicates that a dike intrusion spanning the known eruptive zone to the south (9 degrees 46'-9 degrees 56'N) would act to promote normal faulting or a combination of normal faulting and transform slip within this region, with stress changes on the order of 1-10 kPa. C1 [Dziak, Robert P.; Matsumoto, Haruyoshi; Fowler, Matthew J.; Haxel, Joseph H.] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.; Matsumoto, Haruyoshi; Fowler, Matthew J.; Haxel, Joseph H.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tolstoy, Maya; Waldhauser, Felix] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 FU NSF [OCE9811575, OCE-0137164, OCE-0201692] FX This study was funded by NSF grants OCE9811575, OCE-0137164, and OCE-0201692. This paper is NOAA/PMEL contribution 3264. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 10 AR Q06T06 DI 10.1029/2009GC002388 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460KA UT WOS:000267185400003 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Battaglia, A AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. Battaglia, Alessandro TI Influence of multiple scattering on CloudSat measurements in snow: A model study SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIZE SPECTRA; RADAR; PARTICLES; RETRIEVALS; ICE AB The effects of multiple scattering on larger precipitating hydrometers have an influence on measurements of the spaceborne W-band (94 GHz) CloudSat radar. This study presents initial quantitative estimates of these effects in "dry" snow using radiative transfer calculations for appropriate snowfall models. It is shown that these effects become significant (i.e., greater than approximately 1 dB) when snowfall radar reflectivity factors are greater than about 10-15 dBZ. Reflectivity enhancement due to multiple scattering can reach 4-5 dB in heavier stratiform snowfalls. Multiple scattering effects counteract signal attenuation, so the observed CloudSat reflectivity factors in snowfall could be relatively close to the values that would be observed in the case of single scattering and the absence of attenuation. Citation: Matrosov, S. Y., and A. Battaglia (2009), Influence of multiple scattering on CloudSat measurements in snow: A model study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12806, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038704. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Battaglia, Alessandro] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov OI Battaglia, Alessandro/0000-0001-9243-3484 FU NASA [NNX07AQ82G]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX This study was supported by NASA project NNX07AQ82G. A. Battaglia was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the TOSCA project. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L12806 DI 10.1029/2009GL038704 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 460KH UT WOS:000267186100007 ER PT J AU Lanzante, JR AF Lanzante, John R. TI Comment on "Trends in the temperature and water vapor content of the tropical lower stratosphere: Sea surface connection" by Karen H. Rosenlof and George C. Reid SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID RADIOSONDE DATA; TEMPORAL HOMOGENIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; RECORDS; BIASES C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Lanzante, JR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.lanzante@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D12104 DI 10.1029/2008JD010542 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 460KS UT WOS:000267187200001 ER PT J AU McKeen, S Grell, G Peckham, S Wilczak, J Djalalova, I Hsie, EY Frost, G Peischl, J Schwarz, J Spackman, R Holloway, J de Gouw, J Warneke, C Gong, W Bouchet, V Gaudreault, S Racine, J McHenry, J McQueen, J Lee, P Tang, Y Carmichael, GR Mathur, R AF McKeen, S. Grell, G. Peckham, S. Wilczak, J. Djalalova, I. Hsie, E. -Y. Frost, G. Peischl, J. Schwarz, J. Spackman, R. Holloway, J. de Gouw, J. Warneke, C. Gong, W. Bouchet, V. Gaudreault, S. Racine, J. McHenry, J. McQueen, J. Lee, P. Tang, Y. Carmichael, G. R. Mathur, R. TI An evaluation of real-time air quality forecasts and their urban emissions over eastern Texas during the summer of 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study field study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; OZONE FORMATION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; UNITED-STATES; TRACE-P; PART I; ART.; HOUSTON; CHEMISTRY AB Forecasts of ozone (O-3) and particulate matter (diameter less than 2.5 mu m, PM2.5) from seven air quality forecast models (AQFMs) are statistically evaluated against observations collected during August and September of 2006 (49 days) through the Aerometric Information Retrieval Now (AIRNow) network throughout eastern Texas and adjoining states. Ensemble O-3 and PM2.5 forecasts created by combining the seven separate forecasts with equal weighting, and simple bias-corrected forecasts, are also evaluated in terms of standard statistical measures, threshold statistics, and variance analysis. For O-3 the models and ensemble generally show statistical skill relative to persistence for the entire region, but fail to predict high-O-3 events in the Houston region. For PM2.5, none of the models, or ensemble, shows statistical skill, and all but one model have significant low bias. Comprehensive comparisons with the full suite of chemical and aerosol measurements collected aboard the NOAA WP-3 aircraft during the summer 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS II/GoMACCS) field study are performed to help diagnose sources of model bias at the surface. Aircraft flights specifically designed for sampling of Houston and Dallas urban plumes are used to determine model and observed upwind or background biases, and downwind excess concentrations that are used to infer relative emission rates. Relative emissions from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 1999 National Emission Inventory (NEI-99) version 3 emissions inventory (used in two of the model forecasts) are evaluated on the basis of comparisons between observed and model concentration difference ratios. Model comparisons demonstrate that concentration difference ratios yield a reasonably accurate measure (within 25%) of relative input emissions. Boundary layer height and wind data are combined with the observed up-wind and downwind concentration differences to estimate absolute emissions. When the NEI-99 inventory is modified to include observed NOy emissions from continuous monitors and expected NOx decreases from mobile sources between 1999 and 2006, good agreement is found with those derived from the observations for both Houston and Dallas. However, the emission inventories consistently overpredict the ratio of CO to NOy. The ratios of ethylene and aromatics to NOy are reasonably consistent with observations over Dallas, but are significantly underpredicted for Houston. Excess ratios of PM2.5 to NOy reasonably match observations for most models but the organic carbon fraction of PM2.5 is significantly underpredicted, pointing to compensating error between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and primary emissions within the models' photochemistry and emissions. Rapid SOA formation associated with both Houston and Dallas is inferred to occur within 1 to 3 h downwind of the urban centers, and none of the models reproduce this feature. C1 [McKeen, S.; Grell, G.; Peckham, S.; Djalalova, I.; Hsie, E. -Y.; Frost, G.; Peischl, J.; Schwarz, J.; Spackman, R.; Holloway, J.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKeen, S.; Hsie, E. -Y.; Frost, G.; Peischl, J.; Schwarz, J.; Spackman, R.; Holloway, J.; de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bouchet, V.; Gaudreault, S.; Racine, J.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wilczak, J.; Djalalova, I.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gong, W.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Grell, G.; Peckham, S.] NOAA, Global Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, P.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mathur, R.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McHenry, J.] N Carolina Supercomp Ctr, Baron Adv Meteorol Syst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [McQueen, J.; Tang, Y.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP McKeen, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stuart.a.mckeen@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research; NOAA Air Quality Program; NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology FX This research is partially funded by Early Start Funding from the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research, the NOAA Air Quality Program, and the NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology. Credit for program support and management is given to Paula Davidson (NOAA/NWS/OST), Steve Fine (NOAA/ARL), and Jim Meagher (NOAA/ESRL/CSD). Michael Trainer (NOAA/ESRL/CSD) designed and managed the WP-3 flight plans that were instrumental in this work. The thoughtful comments of two reviewers are highly appreciated. This work would not be possible without the measurements collected on board the NOAA WP-3 aircraft by the following people within NOAA/ESRL/CSD: aerosol volume measurements by Chuck Brock, aerosol mass spectrometer measurements by Ann Middlebrook and Roya Bahreini, NOy and NOx measurements by Tom Ryerson. Computational and logistic assistance from the following individuals and organizations is also gratefully appreciated: Carlie Coats (Baron AMS), Ted Smith (Baron AMS), Don Olerud (Baron AMS), Jeff Vukovich (Baron AMS) for emissions used by BAMS and the University of Iowa, Sophie Cousineau (EC/MSC), L.-P. Crevier (EC/MSC), Hugo Landry (EC/SMC), Mike Moran (S&T/EC), Paul Makar (S&T/EC), Balbir Pabla (S&T/EC), and the NOAA/FSL High Performance Computing Facility. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 75 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F11 DI 10.1029/2008JD011697 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 460KS UT WOS:000267187200008 ER PT J AU Rosenlof, KH Reid, GC AF Rosenlof, Karen H. Reid, George C. TI Reply to comment by John R. Lanzante on "Trends in the temperature and water vapor content of the tropical lower stratosphere: Sea surface connection" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rosenlof, Karen H.; Reid, George C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rosenlof, KH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Mail Stop R-CSD-6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM karen.h.rosenlof@noaa.gov RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D12105 DI 10.1029/2008JD011265 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 460KS UT WOS:000267187200004 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Arkin, PA Sapiano, MRP AF Smith, Thomas M. Arkin, Philip A. Sapiano, Mathew R. P. TI Reconstruction of near-global annual precipitation using correlations with sea surface temperature and sea level pressure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DATASET; OCEAN; GPCP; MODEL AB An indirect precipitation analysis method is described which allows analysis of large spatial-scale and multidecadal variations over land and oceans beginning 1900. The method uses covariance between precipitation and analyses of sea level pressure (SLP) and sea surface temperature (SST). Both SLP and SST analyses can be produced using in situ data for the 20th century. Here a canonical correlation analysis is developed to specify annual precipitation anomalies from annual anomalies of SLP and SST on a 5 degrees spatial grid. Covariance relationships are computed using 26 years of satellite-based precipitation data beginning 1979 and are used to analyze annual average precipitation anomalies for the full period. This indirect analysis indicates global variations consistent with the satellite-based analysis for the recent period. Cross-validation testing shows most skill in the tropics where variations are largest, with decreasing skill at higher latitudes, and large-scale averages have much more skill than at individual locations. For the full period over oceans the analysis indicates increasing precipitation with increasing temperature over the 20th century. That oceanic change is correlated with the change from climate models, but the analysis change is more than twice as strong as the change indicated by the models. Over land the analysis is consistent with gauge observations over the 20th century, which are independent observations before 1979. This study shows that indirect precipitation analyses can show many climate-scale variations that cannot be resolved in studies based on direct analysis of precipitation data. C1 [Smith, Thomas M.] NOAA, SCSB, STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.; Arkin, Philip A.; Sapiano, Mathew R. P.] Univ Maryland, CICS, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), NOAA, SCSB, STAR, NESDIS, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Sapiano, Mathew/F-4688-2010; Arkin, Phillip/F-5808-2010; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 FU NOAA [NA17EC1483] FX The SLP data were supplied by the U. K. Met. Office Hadley Centre, www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs. We thank R. Reynolds, A. Mariotti, and two anonymous reviewers for reviews of earlier drafts and helpful comments. We also thank C.-Y. Chang for assistance analyzing the CCA output. This project is supported in part by the Climate Change Data and Diagnostic Program Element of the NOAA Climate Program Office and the Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies, NOAA grant NA17EC1483. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D12107 DI 10.1029/2008JD011580 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 460KS UT WOS:000267187200007 ER PT J AU Villano, SM Eyet, N Lineberger, WC Bierbaum, VM AF Villano, Stephanie M. Eyet, Nicole Lineberger, W. Carl Bierbaum, Veronica M. TI Reactions of alpha-Nucleophiles with Alkyl Chlorides: Competition between S(N)2 and E2 Mechanisms and the Gas-Phase alpha-Effect SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; ELIMINATION-REACTIONS; PROTON-TRANSFER; SN2 REACTIONS; SP3 CARBON; SUBSTITUTION; ANIONS; TRANSITION; REACTIVITY; SOLVATION AB Reaction rate constants and deuterium kinetic isotope effects for the reactions of BrO- with RCl (R = methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl) were measured using a tandem flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube instrument. These results provide qualitative insight into the competition between two classical organic mechanisms, nucleophilic substitution (S(N)2) and base-induced elimination (E2). As the extent of substitution in the neutral reactants increases, the kinetic isotope effects become increasingly more normal, consistent with the gradual onset of the E2 channel. These results are in excellent agreement with previously reported trends for the analogous reactions of ClO- with RCl. [Villano et al. J Am. Chem. Soc. 2006; 128, 728.] However, the reactions of BrO- and ClO- with methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, and isopropyl chloride were found to occur by an additional reaction pathway, which has not previously been reported. This reaction likely proceeds initially through a traditional S(N)2 transition state, followed by an elimination step in the S(N)2 product ion-dipole complex. Furthermore, the controversial alpha-nucleophilic character of these two anions and of the HO2- anion is examined. No enhanced reactivity is displayed. These results suggest that the alpha-effect is not due to an intrinsic property of the anion but instead due to a solvent effect. C1 [Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bierbaum, VM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM veronica.bierbaum@colorado.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-006]; NSF [CHE-0647088]; National Science Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Charles H. DePuy and Prof. Stephen J. Blanksby for their insightful comments. This work was supported by the AFOSR (FA9550-06-1-006) and NSF (CHE-0647088). The computational results are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under the following NSF programs: Partnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, Distributed Terascale Facility (DTF) and Terascale Extensions: Enhancements to the Extensible Teras ale Facility. NR 53 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 17 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 23 BP 8227 EP 8233 DI 10.1021/ja9012084 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 465XL UT WOS:000267623100043 PM 19456156 ER PT J AU Langford, AO Aikin, KC Eubank, CS Williams, EJ AF Langford, A. O. Aikin, K. C. Eubank, C. S. Williams, E. J. TI Stratospheric contribution to high surface ozone in Colorado during springtime SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-TROPOPAUSE EXCHANGE; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; BACKGROUND OZONE; UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY; INTRUSIONS; SYSTEM; AIR AB The contribution of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport to high surface ozone (O(3)) along the Colorado Front Range during spring of 1999 is examined using lidar and surface measurements. A deep tropopause fold brought similar to 215 ppbv of O(3) to within 1 km of the highest peaks in the Rocky Mountains on 6 May 1999. One-minute average O(3) mixing ratios exceeding 100 ppbv were subsequently measured at a surface site in Boulder, and daily maximum 8-hour O(3) concentrations greater or equal to the 2008 NAAQS O(3) standard of 0.075 ppmv were recorded at 3 of 9 Front Range monitoring stations. Other springtime peaks in surface O(3) are also shown to coincide with passage of upper level troughs and dry stable layers aloft. These results show that the stratospheric contribution to surface ozone is significant, and can lead to exceedance of the 2008 NAAQS O(3) standards in a major U. S. metropolitan area. Citation: Langford, A. O., K. C. Aikin, C. S. Eubank, and E. J. Williams (2009), Stratospheric contribution to high surface ozone in Colorado during springtime, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12801, doi:10.1029/2009GL038367. C1 [Langford, A. O.; Aikin, K. C.; Eubank, C. S.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Aikin, K. C.; Eubank, C. S.; Williams, E. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Langford, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.o.langford@noaa.gov RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Eubank, Charles/H-5585-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; NR 19 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L12801 DI 10.1029/2009GL038367 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 460KE UT WOS:000267185800006 ER PT J AU Foster, B Cosgrove, T Hammouda, B AF Foster, Beth Cosgrove, Terence Hammouda, Boualem TI Pluronic Triblock Copolymer Systems and Their Interactions with Ibuprofen SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; OXIDE) BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PPO-PEO MICELLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MICELLIZATION; DRUG; SOLUBILIZATION; AGGREGATION AB Small-angle neutron scattering and pulsed-field gradient stimulated-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been used to study the structural characteristics of aqueous Pluronic solutions. In particular, changes in the micellar structure upon addition of ibuprofen to the solutions and altering the temperature have been investigated. Increases in temperature and ibuprofen concentration both appear to favor micellization, with increases observed in the aggregation number, fraction of polymer micellized, and core radius of the micelle, along with a decrease in the volume fraction of the solvent in the core. At high drug concentrations and/or temperatures, micelles of the more hydrophobic Pluronics scatter neutrons strongly at low Q, indicating attractive interactions between micelles or a change in the shape of the aggregates. The addition of ibuprofen to Pluronic P104 has also been found to reduce the critical micellization temperature from approximately 20 degrees C to below 13 degrees C. The hydrophobicity of the Pluronic, quantity of ibuprofen present, and temperature of the solution all seem to have a strong influence on the extent and nature of aggregation observed. C1 [Foster, Beth; Cosgrove, Terence] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Hammouda, Boualem] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cosgrove, T (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. EM terence.cosgrove@bris.ac.uk FU EPSRC; Revolymer Ltd; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The model used to analyse the SANS data was kindly provided to us by Jan Skov Pedersen. We thank Youssef Espidel and Andrew Woodward for their assistance using PFGSE-NMR and Chris Arthur for help with MALDITOF. We are also grateful to the EPSRC and Revolymer Ltd. for funding this project and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for awarding us neutron beam time. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the items are best for the purpose. This work is based on activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement DMR-0454672. NR 45 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 16 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 12 BP 6760 EP 6766 DI 10.1021/la900298m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 457LN UT WOS:000266929900027 PM 19374338 ER PT J AU Choi, J Wang, NS Reipa, V AF Choi, Jonghoon Wang, Nam Sun Reipa, Vytas TI Electrochemical Reduction Synthesis of Photoluminescent Silicon Nanocrystals SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELECTROREDUCTIVE SYNTHESIS; QUANTUM DOTS; NONAQUEOUS SOLVENT; NANOPARTICLES; POLYSILANES; ALKYL; SI; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRODEPOSITION; HYDROSILYLATION AB An efficient synthesizing procedure of photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals is demonstrated by means of ultrasound assisted electrochemical octyl trichlorosilane reduction that produces octane terminated Si nanocrystals in a single step. The described procedure allows one to make Si nanocrystals with alkyl surface termination and is clean, relatively simple, and potentially scalable to industrial quantities. High resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-vis absorbance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy are employed to characterize the synthesized photoluminescent Si nanocrystals. Resulting octyl termination provides a stable passivation and could serve as a platform for further particle functionalization. Electrochemical chlorosilane reduction potentially could address the requirement for stable photoluminescent Si nanocrystals in diverse applications. C1 [Choi, Jonghoon; Reipa, Vytas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Nam Sun] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Reipa, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vytas@nist.gov RI Choi, Jonghoon/A-7693-2011; Wang, Nam Sun/E-4253-2016 OI Choi, Jonghoon/0000-0003-3554-7033; NR 52 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 16 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 12 BP 7097 EP 7102 DI 10.1021/la9001829 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 457LN UT WOS:000266929900074 PM 19449822 ER PT J AU Allendorf, FW Hard, JJ AF Allendorf, Fred W. Hard, Jeffrey J. TI Human-induced evolution caused by unnatural selection through harvest of wild animals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE conservation; genetic change; human exploitation ID FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; DEER CERVUS-ELAPHUS; SEX-RATIO VARIATION; RED DEER; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; MATING SYSTEMS; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FISH POPULATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Human harvest of phenotypically desirable animals from wild populations imposes selection that can reduce the frequencies of those desirable phenotypes. Hunting and fishing contrast with agricultural and aquacultural practices in which the most desirable animals are typically bred with the specific goal of increasing the frequency of desirable phenotypes. We consider the potential effects of harvest on the genetics and sustainability of wild populations. We also consider how harvesting could affect the mating system and thereby modify sexual selection in a way that might affect recruitment. Determining whether phenotypic changes in harvested populations are due to evolution, rather than phenotypic plasticity or environmental variation, has been problematic. Nevertheless, it is likely that some undesirable changes observed over time in exploited populations (e. g., reduced body size, earlier sexual maturity, reduced antler size, etc.) are due to selection against desirable phenotypes-a process we call "unnatural'' selection. Evolution brought about by human harvest might greatly increase the time required for over-harvested populations to recover once harvest is curtailed because harvesting often creates strong selection differentials, whereas curtailing harvest will often result in less intense selection in the opposing direction. We strongly encourage those responsible for managing harvested wild populations to take into account possible selective effects of harvest management and to implement monitoring programs to detect exploitation-induced selection before it seriously impacts viability. C1 [Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Allendorf, Fred W.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Allendorf, FW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM fred.allendorf@umontana.edu RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 FU U. S. National Science Foundation [DEB 074218]; Arctic-YukonKuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative [607] FX We dedicate this article to Hampton Carson who failed through no fault of his own to convince FWA of the importance of sexual selection in the conservation of salmon. We thank Joel Berger, Steve Chambers, Dave Coltman, Roger Cowley, Doug Emlen, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Mike Ford, Roger Hanlon, Rich Harris, Wayne Hsu, Dan Jergens, Gordon Luikart, and Robin Waples for providing references and helpful comments. This article is based partially on work supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation Grant DEB 074218 (to F. W. A.) and by the Arctic-YukonKuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative Project 607 (to J. J. H.). NR 106 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 27 U2 239 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 16 PY 2009 VL 106 SU 1 BP 9987 EP 9994 DI 10.1073/pnas.0901069106 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 458TP UT WOS:000267046700008 PM 19528656 ER PT J AU Brettell, TA Butler, JM Almirall, JR AF Brettell, T. A. Butler, J. M. Almirall, J. R. TI Forensic Science SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; AMPHETAMINE-TYPE-STIMULANTS; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; LC-MS-MS; DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; RAY-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY C1 [Brettell, T. A.] Cedar Crest Muhlenberg Coll, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Allentown, PA 18104 USA. [Butler, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Almirall, J. R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Almirall, J. R.] Florida Int Univ, Int Forens Res Inst, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Brettell, TA (reprint author), Cedar Crest Muhlenberg Coll, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, 100 Coll Dr, Allentown, PA 18104 USA. EM tabrette@cedarcrest.edu RI Almirall, Jose/D-1280-2010 OI Almirall, Jose/0000-0002-5257-7499 FU National Institute of Justice [2008-DN-R-121]; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The National Institute of Justice funded this work in part through interagency agreement 2008-DN-R-121 with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. NR 545 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 12 BP 4695 EP 4711 DI 10.1021/ac9008786 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 457XN UT WOS:000266969700006 PM 19422250 ER PT J AU Portman, ME Jin, D Thunberg, E AF Portman, Michelle E. Jin, Di Thunberg, Eric TI Waterfront land use change and marine resource conditions: The case of New Bedford and Fairhaven, Massachusetts SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic sea scallop; Coastal land use; Fisheries management; Fish biomass; Waterfronts; Spatial analysis ID SOCIOECONOMIC DYNAMICS; FISHING INDUSTRY; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; COMANAGEMENT; SEA; COMMUNITIES; EMPLOYMENT; ECONOMY; SYSTEMS AB A major challenge in gauging long-term and cumulative impacts of fisheries management on coastal fishing communities is the lack of understanding of the interactions between changes in fish stocks and waterfront land uses. This study examines these interactions in the New Bedford/Fairhaven area using parcel-level data and geographic information system (GIS) tools. Logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of changes in marine resource abundance on waterfront land uses. Although land use decisions are influenced by many complex market and regulatory factors. our study detected a significant relationship between fish stock conditions and coastal land uses. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Portman, Michelle E.; Jin, Di] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Thunberg, Eric] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Social Sci Branch, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Portman, ME (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mportman@whoi.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1223]; Marine Policy Center; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution FX This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the WHOI/NOAA Cooperative Institute on Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR) under award number NA17RJ1223 and by the Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The authors are also grateful for the comments of Fred Serchuk of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and two anonymous reviewers. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 68 IS 8-9 BP 2354 EP 2362 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.03.016 PG 9 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 463GF UT WOS:000267417400020 ER PT J AU Ma, SQ Simmons, JM Sun, DF Yuan, DQ Zhou, HC AF Ma, Shengqian Simmons, Jason M. Sun, Daofeng Yuan, Daqiang Zhou, Hong-Cai TI Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on an Anthracene Derivative: Syntheses, Structure Analysis, and Hydrogen Sorption Studies SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; GAS-ADSORPTION; THERMAL-STABILITY; STORAGE; SITES; CATENATION; CARBON; DIFFRACTION; BINDING AB Solvothermal assembly of 5,5'-(9,10-anthracenediyl)di-isophthalate (H(4)adip) with in situ-generated dicopper and diiron paddlewheel secondary building units (SBUs) afforded two porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), designated as PCN-14 and PCN-15, respectively. The two MOFs crystallize in different structures, characterized by a difference in the dihedral angles between the anthracene and the phenyl rings of the adip ligand. PCN-14 retains permanent porosity under dehydration and contains nanoscopic cages while PCN-15 contains only one-dimensional hexagonal channels along the (0 0 1) direction which require solvent stabilization. The aromaticity of the anthracene rings of the adip ligand in conjunction with the nanoscopic cages grants PCN-14 high excess hydrogen adsorption capacity of 2.70 wt% at 77 K, 760 Torr (4.42 wt % at saturation), as well as high hydrogen affinity of 8.6 kJ/mol at low H(2) coverage. These values are compared to other tetracarboxylate-derived MOFs to better understand the role of the aromatic rings in hydrogen adsorption. C1 [Ma, Shengqian] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Simmons, Jason M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simmons, Jason M.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sun, Daofeng; Yuan, Daqiang; Zhou, Hong-Cai] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. RP Ma, SQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sma@anl.gov; zhou@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Sun, Daofeng/H-3700-2011; Ma, Shengqian/B-4022-2012; Zhou, Hong-Cai/A-3009-2011; Yuan, Daqiang/F-5695-2010; OI Ma, Shengqian/0000-0002-1897-7069; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0002-9029-3788; Yuan, Daqiang/0000-0003-4627-072X; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0003-0115-408X; Sun, Daofeng/0000-0003-3184-1841 FU Department of Energy [DE-FC36-07GO17033]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0449634, EAR-0003201]; Argonne National Laboratory; DOE [BES DE-FG02-98ER45701] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy (DE-FC36-07GO17033) and the National Science Foundation (CHE-0449634). S.M. acknowledges the Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship from Argonne National Laboratory. J.M.S. also acknowledges support from DOE (BES DE-FG02-98ER45701). The diffractometer was funded by NSF Grant EAR-0003201. NR 45 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 12 BP 5263 EP 5268 DI 10.1021/ic900217t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 456AC UT WOS:000266809200025 PM 19388658 ER PT J AU Henz, BJ Hawa, T Zachariah, M AF Henz, Brian J. Hawa, Takumi Zachariah, Michael TI Molecular dynamics simulation of the energetic reaction between Ni and Al nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; SURFACE-ENERGY; COALESCENCE; BODY; ALUMINUM; TEMPERATURE; ENTHALPIES; POTENTIALS; OXIDATION AB Molecular dynamics simulations are used to simulate the energetic reaction of Ni and Al particles at the nanometer scale. The effect of particle size on reaction time and temperature for separate nanoparticles has been considered as a model system for a powder metallurgy system. Coated nanoparticles in the form of Ni-coated Al nanoparticles and Al-coated Ni nanoparticles are also analyzed as a model for nanoparticles embedded within a matrix. The differences in melting temperature and phase change behavior, e. g., the volumetric expansion of Al between Al and Ni, are expected to produce differing results for the coated nanoparticle systems. For instance, the volumetric expansion of Al upon melting is expected to produce large tensile stresses and possibly rupture in the Ni shell for Ni-coated Al. Simulation results show that the sintering time for separate and coated nanoparticles is nearly linearly dependent on the number of atoms or volume of the sintering nanoparticles. We have also found that nanoparticle size and surface energy are important factors in determining the adiabatic reaction temperature for both systems at nanoparticle sizes of less than 10 nm in diameter. (c) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3073988] C1 [Zachariah, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Henz, Brian J.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Hawa, Takumi; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hawa, Takumi; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zachariah, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 12 AR 124310 DI 10.1063/1.3073988 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 465PP UT WOS:000267599600124 ER PT J AU Smedley, J Jaye, C Bohon, J Rao, T Fischer, DA AF Smedley, John Jaye, Cherno Bohon, Jen Rao, Triveni Fischer, Daniel A. TI Laser patterning of diamond. Part II. Surface nondiamond carbon formation and its removal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION AB As diamond becomes more prevalent for electronic and research applications, methods of patterning diamond will be required. One such method, laser ablation, has been investigated in a related work. We report on the formation of surface nondiamond carbon during laser ablation of both polycrystalline and single-crystal synthetic diamonds. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy was used to confirm that the nondiamond carbon layer formed during the ablation was amorphous, and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to estimate the thickness of this layer to be similar to 60 nm. Ozone cleaning was used to remove the nondiamond carbon layer. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3152995] C1 [Smedley, John; Rao, Triveni] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bohon, Jen] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Smedley, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM smedley@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 12 AR 123108 DI 10.1063/1.3152995 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 465PP UT WOS:000267599600024 ER PT J AU Woodward, JT Meuse, CW AF Woodward, John T. Meuse, Curtis W. TI Mechanism of formation of vesicle fused phospholipid monolayers on alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer supports SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Adsorption kinetics; AFM; Atomic force microscope; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Supported membrane ID HYBRID BILAYER-MEMBRANES; LIPID BILAYERS; FREE-ENERGY; GROWTH; FILMS; FORCES; FUSION AB We investigated the process of phospholipid vesicle fusion to a hydrophobic surface using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The kinetics of the fusion of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles to an octadecanethiol (ODT) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was followed with EIS and found to be slower than previously reported observations by surface plasmon resonance. AFM images of the DMPC layer taken at various stages of completion show they are uniform with topography similar to that of the bare ODT SAM. The AFM was used in contact mode to scrape away a portion of a completed DMPC monolayer and the hole was stable for several hours. Surprisingly, the hole remained stable even after the temperature of the system was raised to 38 degrees C, well above the gel transition temperature for DMPC of 23 degrees C. We were unable to scrape holes in the partially completed monolayers. We conclude that in the early stages of monolayer growth the DMPC molecules spread across the ODT surface after vesicle fusion rather than remaining in dense islands. However, when the DMPC monolayer is complete this mobility is lost and the DMPC will not spread into a vacant area. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Woodward, John T.; Meuse, Curtis W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woodward, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.woodward@nist.gov FU NIST FX We would like to thank Gintaras Valincius for his advice on EIS. We would like to acknowledge the NIST development and characterization of new biomimetic materials and single molecule manipulation and measurement competence awards for partial funding of this project. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 334 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.03.007 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 451HP UT WOS:000266461600004 PM 19406419 ER PT J AU Yeon, SH Osswald, S Gogotsi, Y Singer, JP Simmons, JM Fischer, JE Lillo-Rodenas, MA Linares-Solanod, A AF Yeon, Sun-Hwa Osswald, Sebastian Gogotsi, Yury Singer, Jonathan P. Simmons, Jason M. Fischer, John E. Lillo-Rodenas, Maria A. Linares-Solanod, Angel TI Enhanced methane storage of chemically and physically activated carbide-derived carbon SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Methane storage; Carbide-derived carbon; Small-angle X-ray scattering; Pore size; Activation ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NATURAL-GAS; PORE-SIZE; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; PHYSISORPTION; CAPACITANCE; SIMULATION; ISOTHERMS AB Carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) produced by chlorination of carbides offer great potential for precise pore size control at the atomic level, making them attractive candidates for energy storage media. CDCs activated with CO(2). or KOH possess distinct improvements in porosity, displaying specific surface areas above 3000 m(2) g(-1) and pore volumes above 1.3 cm(3) g(-1). These correspond to gravimetric methane uptake of 16 wt% at 35 bar and 25 C, close to the Currently best reported material PCN-14, a metal-organic frame-work (MOF), at 35 bar and 17 C or KOH activated anthracite at 35 bar and 25 C. The best excess gravimetric methane uptake is obtained with a TiC-derived CDC activated with CO(2) at 975 C for 2 h, namely a very large surface area of 3360 m(2) g(-1) resulting in 18.5 wt% at 25 C and 60 bar. To obtain realistic volumetric methane capacity, the packing density of completely dried CDC was measured, from which we obtain excess capacity of 145 v(STP) v(-1) from CDC activated With CO(2) at 875 C for 8 h, 81% of the DOE target (180 v(STP) v(-1)) at 35 bar and 25 C. From small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements, pore radii of gyration (R(g)) between 0.5 nm and 1 nm are determined. Temperature-dependent methane isotherms show that the isosteric heat of adsorption reaches 24 kJ mol(-1) at the initial stage of low loading. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yeon, Sun-Hwa; Osswald, Sebastian; Gogotsi, Yury] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Yeon, Sun-Hwa; Osswald, Sebastian; Gogotsi, Yury] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Singer, Jonathan P.; Fischer, John E.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Simmons, Jason M.; Fischer, John E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lillo-Rodenas, Maria A.; Linares-Solanod, Angel] Univ Alicante, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. RP Gogotsi, Y (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM gogotsi@drexel.edu RI Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008; Lillo-Rodenas, Maria Angeles/G-8691-2015; OI Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032; Lillo-Rodenas, Maria Angeles/0000-0002-6484-8655; Linares-Solano, Angel/0000-0002-5083-8982 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC36-04GO14282]; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-357-D00061]; National Research Council Research Associate Program FX We are grateful to Dr. R.K. Dash (Y-Carbon), Dr. H.-S. Kim (Samsung Advanced institute of Technology), and Dr. C. Porter for experimental help and helpful discussions. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under EERE grant number DE-FC36-04GO14282. S.Y. was partially supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant No. KRF-2007-357-D00061 funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD). J.M.S. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research Associate Program. NR 32 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 2 BP 560 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.02.019 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 454HM UT WOS:000266673000050 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI An exactly solvable model of hierarchical self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERIC MATERIALS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PHASE-SEPARATION; LATTICE MODEL; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; PROPELLED PARTICLES; COMPLEX NETWORKS; DILUTION WAVE; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Many living and nonliving structures in the natural world form by hierarchical organization, but physical theories that describe this type of organization are scarce. To address this problem, a model of equilibrium self-assembly is formulated in which dynamically associating species organize into hierarchical structures that preserve their shape at each stage of assembly. In particular, we consider symmetric m-gons that associate at their vertices into Sierpinski gasket structures involving the hierarchical association of triangles, squares, hexagons, etc., at their corner vertices, thereby leading to fractal structures after many generations of assembly. This rather idealized model of hierarchical assembly yields an infinite sequence of self-assembly transitions as the morphology progressively organizes to higher levels of the hierarchy, and these structures coexists at dynamic equilibrium, as found in real hierarchically self-assembling systems such as amyloid fiber forming proteins. Moreover, the transition sharpness progressively grows with increasing m, corresponding to larger and larger loops in the assembled structures. Calculations are provided for several basic thermodynamic properties (including the order parameters for assembly for each stage of the hierarchy, average mass of clusters, specific heat, transition sharpness, etc.) that are required for characterizing the interaction parameters governing this type of self-assembly and for elucidating other basic qualitative aspects of these systems. Our idealized model of hierarchical assembly gives many insights into this ubiquitous type of self-organization process. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3148893] C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu FU NSF [CHE-0749788] FX This work is supported, in part, by NSF Grant No. CHE-0749788. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 22 AR 224906 DI 10.1063/1.3148893 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 457XH UT WOS:000266968800035 PM 19530788 ER PT J AU Baker, ET AF Baker, Edward T. TI Relationships between hydrothermal activity and axial magma chamber distribution, depth, and melt content SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal venting; axial magma chamber; mid-ocean ridge ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; GALAPAGOS SPREADING CENTER; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; DETACHMENT FAULTS; CRUSTAL ACCRETION; CLEFT SEGMENT AB Hydrothermal activity, especially high-temperature discharge, is commonly thought to require the presence of an axial magma chamber (AMC), but this association has not been examined systematically. The availability of six lengthy (170-560 km) ridge sections with continuous surveys of both AMCs and hydrothermal plumes now makes it possible to quantitatively compare the distribution and intensity of hydrothermal activity to AMC extent, depth, and, at a few locations, melt content. These six ridge sections span spreading rates from 55 to 145 mm/a and total 20 second-order segments. At the section (multisegment) scale the linear incidence of hydrothermal plumes increases with AMC incidence (AMC(I), r(2) = 0.64), excluding the hot spot-affected Galapagos spreading center. For all six sections, plume incidence increases as AMC depth below the seafloor decreases (AMC(Z), r(2) = 0.66). At the second-order segment scale, plume incidence is poorly correlated with both AMC(I) (r(2) = 0.12) and AMC(Z) (r(2) = 0.25). Finally, at the subsegment, or local, scale (0.75-km-long bins), plume intensity increases as AMC(Z) shallows (r(2) = 0.85). Of bins where plumes are most intense and thus closest to their seafloor sources, 68 +/- 13% lie directly over an AMC, as do at least 37 of the 40 known high-temperature vent fields. The data also allow tests of other hypotheses linking AMC properties and hydrothermal activity. Existing data, though still sparse, do not support the hypothesis that lenses of melt-rich magma preferentially support vigorous, long-lasting venting. Also, the suggestion that increased hydrothermal cooling within a segment locally depresses AMC(Z) finds no support within any ridge section. Evidence for magma bodies is much scarcer on slow spreading ridges, but the data are nevertheless consistent with those from faster ridges. Observations from all spreading rates thus demonstrate that high-temperature vent fields are almost universally associated with the presence or inference of magma; "hot rock'' or other nonmagmatic heat sources are insufficient. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM edward.baker@noaa.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 FU NOAA/VENTS Program FX This research was supported by the NOAA/VENTS Program and made possible by collaborations with many colleagues over many years. Discussions with R. P. Lowell and J. P. Canales materially improved the manuscript. B. Murton and an anonymous reviewer greatly enhanced the clarity of the text. This manuscript is PMEL contribution 3284. NR 77 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN 13 PY 2009 VL 10 AR Q06009 DI 10.1029/2009GC002424 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 458FD UT WOS:000266999500003 ER PT J AU Jiang, HL Feingold, G Koren, I AF Jiang, Hongli Feingold, Graham Koren, Ilan TI Effect of aerosol on trade cumulus cloud morphology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; SHALLOW CUMULUS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; SATELLITE DATA; MODEL; CONVECTION; STRATOCUMULUS; ENTRAINMENT; STATISTICS; PRECIPITATION AB Large-eddy simulations of trade wind cumulus clouds are conducted for clean and polluted aerosol conditions and at a number of different grid sizes to explore (1) the microphysical and morphological responses of fields of cumulus to aerosol perturbations and (2) the robustness of these responses to resolution. Cloud size distributions are shown to be well approximated by a negative power law function indicating that as resolution increases, more and more small clouds are resolved. Cloud fraction in the highest-resolution simulations is 30% higher than in the coarse-resolution simulations. Polluted cloud populations contain higher numbers of smaller clouds than clean cloud populations. Their frequency of convection is higher and lifetimes are shorter. The polluted clouds also tend to have higher cloud-averaged liquid water contents. It is hypothesized that these responses are a result of a chain reaction set off by stronger evaporation at cloud edges in the case of polluted clouds. In all cases, the smallest clouds either dominate or contribute significantly to cloud fraction and cloud reflectance, in accord with recent satellite studies. The response of cloud fraction and liquid water path to aerosol changes is shown to be strongly dependent on the definition of what constitutes a 'cloud,'' suggesting that caution be exercised before parameterizing these responses. C1 [Jiang, Hongli] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Koren, Ilan] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Jiang, HL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hongli.jiang@noaa.gov; graham.feingold@noaa.gov; ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; FU NOAA's High Performance Computing Center at the Earth System Research Laboratory FX H. J. and G. F. were funded by NOAA's Climate Goal. The authors acknowledge the excellent support of NOAA's High Performance Computing Center at the Earth System Research Laboratory. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 13 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D11209 DI 10.1029/2009JD011750 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 458FZ UT WOS:000267002000003 ER PT J AU Kuhn, KL Near, TJ Jones, CD Eastman, JT AF Kuhn, Kristen L. Near, Thomas J. Jones, Christopher D. Eastman, Joseph T. TI Aspects of the Biology and Population Genetics of the Antarctic Nototheniid Fish Trematomus nicolai SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; WEST WIND DRIFT; MCMURDO SOUND; STATISTICAL TESTS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; BUOYANCY; MITOCHONDRIAL; PERCIFORMES; DIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Trematomus nicolai is a near shore benthic notothenioid fish most abundant In the subzero shelf waters of East Antarctica. During recent collecting we obtained the first specimens of this species from West Antarctica (the Bransfield Strait), and we compare these with specimens from the Ross Sea (McMurdo Sound) in East Antarctica. Because T. nicolai has been frequently misidentified as T. tokarevi, we provide several non-meristic characters that separate these species. We employ a radiographic technique for rapid visualization of the cephalic lateral-line canals, an important diagnostic character in trematomids. Compared to those from McMurdo Sound, the Bransfield Strait specimens have lower ranges and mean counts for meristic characters, with significant differences for anal rays, pectoral rays, and vertebrae. Our data suggest a panmictic population, but the Bransfield Strait specimens live in water 3-4 degrees C warmer than McMurdo Sound, and this may contribute to lower meristic counts. The mean buoyancy between the two samples is not significantly different. We examined sequence variation in the ND2 portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome for evidence of population structure in samples from both areas. We identified 12 mtDNA haplotypes (haplotype diversity [h] = 0.978, nucleotide diversity [pi] = 0.458%) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) shows no significant global differentiation. A median-joining network that represents the genealogical relationships among the mitochondrial haplotypes also shows little separation between the samples from West and East Antarctica, and additional tests suggest the T. nicolai population is in equilibrium and of constant size. Trematomus nicolai exemplifies the potential of the Antarctic current regime for circum-Antarctic dispersal of a variety of organisms in the Southern Ocean. C1 [Kuhn, Kristen L.; Near, Thomas J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kuhn, Kristen L.; Near, Thomas J.] Yale Univ, Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Eastman, Joseph T.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Kuhn, KL (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM kristen.kuhn@yale.edu; thomas.near@yale.edu; Chris.D.Jones@noaa.gov; eastman@ohiou.edu RI Eastman, Joseph/A-9786-2008 FU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Ohio University; New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries [A.S. 7015, A.S. 7016]; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; NSF [ANT 04-36190 UTE] FX We are grateful to J. Sattler for photographing Figure 3A and to D. Pratt for assembling Figure 3. Research was conducted Linder protocol L01-14 as approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Ohio University. In collecting specimens, we adhered to provisions of the Antarctic Conservation Act. For transshipping and importing specimens, we had permits from the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (#A.S. 7015 and A.S. 7016) and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (a cleared Form 3-177). Supported by NSF grant ANT 04-36190 UTE). NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 12 PY 2009 IS 2 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1643/CG-08-087 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 459YX UT WOS:000267151100015 ER PT J AU Driggers, WB Hoffmayer, ER AF Driggers, William B., III Hoffmayer, Eric R. TI Variability in the Reproductive Cycle of Finetooth Sharks, Carcharhinus isodon, in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE RICHARDSON; LIFE-HISTORY; BIOLOGY; ACRONOTUS; AGE AB From 2005 through 2008, seven mature female Finetooth Sharks, Carcharhinus isodon, were collected in the central northern Gulf of Mexico between April and June, a time coinciding with parturition and ovulation for the species. Five specimens displayed states of pregnancy and ovarian development consistent with a biennial reproductive cycle. Two individuals had near-term pups and vitellogenic oocytes, a condition Indicative of an annual reproductive cycle. These observations are the first report of annual reproduction In Finetooth Sharks and represent the first documented case of intraspecific divergence in the reproductive cycles for any elasmobranch within a discrete area. C1 [Driggers, William B., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Hoffmayer, Eric R.] Univ So Mississippi, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov; eric.hoffmayer@usm.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 12 PY 2009 IS 2 BP 390 EP 393 DI 10.1643/CE-08-167 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 459YX UT WOS:000267151100023 ER PT J AU Schmied, R Wesenberg, JH Leibfried, D AF Schmied, Roman Wesenberg, Janus H. Leibfried, Dietrich TI Optimal Surface-Electrode Trap Lattices for Quantum Simulation with Trapped Ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC IONS AB Trapped ions offer long internal state (spin) coherence times and strong interparticle interactions mediated by the Coulomb force. This makes them interesting candidates for quantum simulation of coupled lattices. To this end, it is desirable to be able to trap ions in arbitrary conformations with precisely controlled local potentials. We provide a general method for optimizing periodic planar radio-frequency electrodes for generating ion trapping potentials with specified trap locations and curvatures above the electrode plane. A linear-programming algorithm guarantees globally optimal electrode shapes that require only a single radio-frequency voltage source for operation. The optimization method produces final electrode shapes that are smooth and exhibit low fragmentation. Such characteristics are desirable for practical fabrication of surface-electrode trap lattices. C1 [Schmied, Roman] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Wesenberg, Janus H.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Leibfried, Dietrich] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schmied, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Wesenberg, Janus/B-6733-2009; OI Wesenberg, Janus/0000-0002-5572-0297; Schmied, Roman/0000-0001-5713-5262 FU European Union; German Research Foundation (DFG); Carlsberg Foundation; QIP IRC [GR/S82176/01]; IARPA; NIST FX The authors thank Ignacio Cirac for initiating the collaboration, and Hermann Uys and Christian Ospelkaus for helpful comments on the manuscript. R. S. was supported by the European Union through the SCALA integrated project, and by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the cluster of excellence Munich Center for Advanced Photonics (MAP), and through program FOR 635. J.H.W. acknowledges the Carlsberg Foundation and the QIP IRC (Grant No. GR/S82176/01). D. L. acknowledges support by IARPA and NIST. NR 15 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 12 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 23 AR 233002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.233002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 457ZI UT WOS:000266977500024 PM 19658931 ER PT J AU Betz, JM Wise, SA AF Betz, Joseph M. Wise, Stephen A. TI More on Iodine Content of Prenatal Vitamins SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Betz, Joseph M.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Betz, JM (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM betzj@od.nih.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 11 PY 2009 VL 360 IS 24 BP 2582 EP 2582 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 456BS UT WOS:000266813800032 PM 19516043 ER PT J AU Schnabel, KE Martin, JW Moffitt, RB AF Schnabel, Kareen E. Martin, Joel W. Moffitt, Robert B. TI Additions to the decapod crustacean fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, III. A new species of the genus Babamunida (Crustacea: Galatheidae) from Hawaii based on morphological and molecular evidence SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Anomura; squat lobster; DNA; 16S; CO1; taxonomy; central Pacific; ROV; Hawaii ID SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC AB Babamunida kanaloa n. sp., a new galatheid from approximately 250 m depth off the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (French Frigate Shoals), is described. DNA sequence data from two gene regions (16S and CO1) corroborates the placement of this new species in the genus Babamunida. Images taken independently using the Deep Submergence Vehicle Pisces IV are almost certainly of the same species based on overall size and color pattern and provide limited ecological information. This new species brings the number of species in the genus Babamunida to six and the total number of galatheid species known from the Hawaiian Islands to four (possibly higher depending on some previous records that might be questionable). C1 [Schnabel, Kareen E.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Martin, Joel W.] Nat Hist Museum Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Moffitt, Robert B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Schnabel, KE (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand. EM k.schnabel@niwa.co.nz; jmartin@nhm.org; Robert.Moffitt@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation's [DEB 0531616]; Darryl Felder (University of Louisiana Lafayette); Rodney Feldmann; Kent State University FX This work was supported in part by grant number DEB 0531616 from the National Science Foundation's "Assembling the Tree of Life" program to J. W. Martin, in conjunction with collaborative awards to Keith Crandall and Nikki Hannegan (Brigham Young University), Darryl Felder (University of Louisiana Lafayette), and Rodney Feldmann and Carrie Schweitzer (Kent State University). NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 11 PY 2009 IS 2130 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 457CC UT WOS:000266902000002 ER PT J AU Dabrowski, C AF Dabrowski, Christopher TI Reliability in grid computing systems SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Review DE grid computing; grid computing system; reliability; fault tolerances; dependability ID FAULT-TOLERANT MPI; DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; RECOVERY PROTOCOLS; MONITORING-SYSTEM; ROLLBACK-RECOVERY; SERVICES; PERFORMANCE; FRAMEWORK; ARCHITECTURE AB In recent years, grid technology has emerged as an important tool for solving compute-intensive problems within the scientific community and in industry. To further the development and adoption of this technology, researchers and practitioners from different disciplines have collaborated to produce standard specifications for implementing large-scale, interoperable grid systems. The focus of this activity has been the Open Grid Forum, but other standards development organizations have also produced specifications that are used in grid systems. To date, these specifications have provided the basis for a growing number of operational grid systems used in scientific and industrial applications. However, if the growth of grid technology is to continue, it will be important that grid systems also provide high reliability. In particular, it will be critical to ensure that grid systems are reliable as they continue to grow in scale, exhibit greater dynamism, and become more heterogeneous in composition. Ensuring grid system reliability in turn requires that the specifications used to build these systems fully support reliable grid services. This study surveys work on grid reliability that has been done in recent years and reviews progress made toward achieving these goals. The survey identifies important issues and problems that researchers are working to overcome in order to develop reliability methods for large-scale, heterogeneous, dynamic environments. The survey also illuminates reliability issues relating to standard specifications used in grid systems, identifying existing specifications that may need to be evolved and areas where new specifications are needed to better support the reliability. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dabrowski, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8970, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cdabrowski@nist.gov NR 209 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 8 BP 927 EP 959 DI 10.1002/cpe.1410 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 444OR UT WOS:000265990800002 ER PT J AU Skripov, AV Wu, H Udovic, TJ Huang, Q Hempelmann, R Soloninin, AV Rempel, AA Gusev, AI AF Skripov, A. V. Wu, H. Udovic, T. J. Huang, Q. Hempelmann, R. Soloninin, A. V. Rempel, A. A. Gusev, A. I. TI Hydrogen in nonstoichiometric cubic niobium carbides: Neutron vibrational spectroscopy and neutron diffraction studies SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen absorbing materials; Crystal structure; Inelastic neutron scattering; Neutron diffraction ID TRANSITION METALS; CARBOHYDRIDES; PHASE; DYNAMICS; LATTICE; ALLOY AB The vibrational spectra and positions of H(D) atoms in NbC(1-y)H(x)(D(x)) (0.19 <= y <= 0.29,0.04 <= x <= 0.30) have been studied by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and neutron diffraction. The analysis of the neutron diffraction data for NbC(0.76)H(x)(D(x))and NbC(0.71) H(x)(D(x)) has revealed a number of different structures depending on the carbon concentration and the presence of absorbed H(D) atoms: the partially ordered cubic Pm (3) over barm structure for NbC(0.76), the partially ordered orthorhombic Pmmm structure for NbC(0.76)D(0.17) and NbC(0).(76)H(0.18), the disordered cubic Fm (3) over barm structure for NbC(0.71) and NbC(0.71)D(0.30), and the disordered tetragonal 14/mmm structure for NbC(0.71)H(0.28). The INS spectra of NbC(0.81)H(x) and NbC(0.76)H(x) (D(x)) in the energy transfer range 40-140 meV are found to consist of a single fundamental peak due to hydrogen optical vibrations (centered at 98 meV for H and at 65 meV for D) and a single peak due to carbon optical vibrations (centered at 78 meV). In addition to these peaks, the INS spectrum of NbC(0.71)H(0.28) exhibits a peak at 130 meV, suggesting that H atoms in this compound occupy the sites displaced from the centers of carbon vacancies. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Skripov, A. V.; Soloninin, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. [Wu, H.; Udovic, T. J.; Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hempelmann, R.] Univ Saarland, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Rempel, A. A.; Gusev, A. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Chem, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, S Kovalevskoi 18, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. EM skripov@imp.uran.ru RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 FU NATO Linkage [973890]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [06-02-16246, 09-03-00010]; Priority Program "Basic energy problems" of the Russian Academy of Sciences; NIST Center for Neutron Research and Universitit des Saarlandes (Saarbrilcken) FX The authors are grateful to S.F. Parker for help with the TFXA measurements. This work was supported by the NATO Linkage Grant No. HTECH.LG 973890, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grants No. 06-02-16246 and 09-03-00010) and the Priority Program "Basic energy problems" of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A.V. Skripov also acknowledges financial support from the NIST Center for Neutron Research and Universitit des Saarlandes (Saarbrilcken). NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.12.012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 455SS UT WOS:000266786400024 ER PT J AU Erol, M Han, Y Stanley, SK Stafford, CM Du, H Sukhishvili, S AF Erol, Melek Han, Yun Stanley, Scott K. Stafford, Christopher M. Du, Henry Sukhishvili, Svetlana TI SERS Not To Be Taken for Granted in the Presence of Oxygen SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; AG NANOPARTICLES; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; MOLECULES AB Oxidation of the Ag nanoparticle surface has a dramatic effect on the adsorption, orientation, and SERS detection limit of nitroaromatic molecules in aqueous solutions. Ultrasensitive SERS detection of p-nitrophenol can be achieved when oxidation of surface-immobilized Ag nanoparticles is inhibited by replacing the oxygen dissolved in water with argon gas. The presence of silver oxide at the nanoparticle surface hinders charge transfer between the aromatic ring and the underlying Ag metal surface and drastically decreases the overall detection sensitivity. C1 [Han, Yun; Du, Henry] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Erol, Melek; Sukhishvili, Svetlana] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Stanley, Scott K.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Du, H (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM ssukhish@stevens.edu RI han, yun/C-1470-2011; han, yun/F-1588-2011 FU NSF [ECS-0404002] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant ECS-0404002. NR 24 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 22 BP 7480 EP + DI 10.1021/ja807458x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 460HD UT WOS:000267177900001 PM 19445502 ER PT J AU Gokce, G Ozsarlak-Sozer, G Oktay, G Kirkali, G Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M Kerry, Z AF Gokce, Goksel Ozsarlak-Sozer, Gonen Oktay, Gulgun Kirkali, Gueldal Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral Kerry, Zeliha TI Glutathione Depletion by Buthionine Sulfoximine Induces Oxidative Damage to DNA in Organs of Rabbits in Vivo SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; PHASE-I; EXCISION-REPAIR; CELLULAR-DNA; CANCER CELLS; TAURINE; INHIBITION; STRESS; MICE; MECHANISMS AB Glutathione (GSH) exists in mammalian tissues in vivo at high concentrations and plays an important protective role against oxidatively induced damage to biological molecules, including DNA. We investigated oxidatively Induced damage to DNA by GSH depletion in different organs of rabbits in vivo. Rabbits were treated subcutaneously with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an effective GSH-depleting compound. GSH levels were measured in heart, brain, liver, and kidney of animals. BSO treatment significantly reduced GSH levels in heart, brain, and liver, but not in kidney. DNA was isolated from these tissues to test whether GSH depletion causes oxidatively induced DNA damage in vivo. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with isotope dilution methods were applied to measure typical products of oxidatively induced damage in isolated DNA samples. Several such products were identified and quantified in all organs. BSO treatment caused significant formation of 8-hydroxyguanine, 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, 8-hydroxyadenine, and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine in DNA of organs of rabbits. Animals were fed with the semiessential amino acid 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) during BSO treatment. Taurine significantly inhibited GSH depletion and also formation of DNA products. Depletion of GSH correlated well with formation of DNA products, indicating the role of GSH in preventing oxidatively induced DNA damage. Our findings might contribute to the understanding of pathologies associated with DNA damage, oxidative stress, and/or defective antioxidant responses and improve our understanding of the effect of BSO in increasing the efficacy of anticancer therapeutics. C1 [Gokce, Goksel; Ozsarlak-Sozer, Gonen; Kerry, Zeliha] Ege Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Izmir, Turkey. [Oktay, Gulgun; Kirkali, Gueldal] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland. RP Kerry, Z (reprint author), Ege Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Izmir, Turkey. EM zeliha.kerry@ege.edu.tr RI fanjul-moles, maria luisa /C-8069-2011; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 FU Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [SBAG-K-70] FX This research was supported in part by Grant SBAG-K-70 (Z.K.) from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 22 BP 4980 EP 4987 DI 10.1021/bi900030z PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 453HM UT WOS:000266601500034 PM 19374446 ER PT J AU Lovejoy, S Tuck, AF Schertzer, D Hovde, SJ AF Lovejoy, S. Tuck, A. F. Schertzer, D. Hovde, S. J. TI Reply to comment by Igor Esau on "Do stable atmospheric layers exist?'' SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material AB s C1 [Lovejoy, S.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Tuck, A. F.; Hovde, S. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schertzer, D.] Meteo France, F-75005 Paris, France. [Schertzer, D.] Univ Paris Est, CEREVE, Paris, France. RP Lovejoy, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM lovejoy@physics.mcgill.ca RI Lovejoy, Shaun/E-8019-2011; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lovejoy, Shaun/0000-0002-9367-3137; Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L11812 DI 10.1029/2008GL034980 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 458FH UT WOS:000267000000002 ER PT J AU Germack, DS Chan, CK Hamadani, BH Richter, LJ Fischer, DA Gundlach, DJ DeLongchamp, DM AF Germack, David S. Chan, Calvin K. Hamadani, Behrang H. Richter, Lee J. Fischer, Daniel A. Gundlach, David J. DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Substrate-dependent interface composition and charge transport in films for organic photovoltaics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carrier mobility; EXAFS; fullerenes; polymer blends; polymer films; surface energy; XANES ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; FULLERENE BLENDS; THIN-FILMS; MOBILITY; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); METHANOFULLERENES; MORPHOLOGY; INVERTERS; BEHAVIOR AB The buried interface composition of polymer-fullerene blends is found by near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to depend on the surface energy of the substrate upon which they are cast. The interface composition determines the type of charge transport measured with thin film transistors. These results have implications for organic photovoltaics device design and the use of transistors to evaluate bulk mobility in blends. C1 [Germack, David S.; Fischer, Daniel A.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chan, Calvin K.; Hamadani, Behrang H.; Gundlach, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Germack, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov RI Chan, Calvin/A-5772-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU NRC RAP FX The authors thank R. J. Kline and C. L. Soles for helpful discussions. D. S. G., C. K. C., and B. H. H. thank the NRC RAP for financial support. NR 23 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 23 AR 233303 DI 10.1063/1.3149706 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 457ZH UT WOS:000266977100083 ER PT J AU Dyer, SD Baek, B Nam, SW AF Dyer, Shellee D. Baek, Burm Nam, Sae Woo TI High-brightness, low-noise, all-fiber photon pair source SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY; DETECTOR AB We demonstrate an all-fiber photon pair source for the critical telecom C-band. We achieve high pair generation rates in excess of 10 MHz while maintaining coincidence-to-accidental ratios (CARs) greater than 100. This is one of the brightest and lowest-noise photon pair sources ever demonstrated. We achieve the high pair rate through CW-pumped spontaneous four-wave mixing in dispersion-shifted fiber. We achieve the high CAR by cooling the fiber to 4 K to suppress the Raman generation and detecting the photons with low jitter and low dark count superconducting single-photon detectors. C1 [Dyer, Shellee D.; Baek, Burm; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dyer, SD (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdyer@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 12 BP 10290 EP 10297 DI 10.1364/OE.17.010290 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 457DN UT WOS:000266906400083 PM 19506682 ER PT J AU Pujari, S Rahatekar, SS Gilman, JW Koziol, KK Windle, AH Burghardt, WR AF Pujari, Saswati Rahatekar, Sameer S. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Koziol, Krzysztof K. Windle, Alan H. Burghardt, Wesley R. TI Orientation dynamics in multiwalled carbon nanotube dispersions under shear flow SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aggregation; carbon nanotubes; materials preparation; nanotechnology; optical microscopy; shear flow; suspensions; synchrotron radiation; X-ray scattering ID NANOTUBE/POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) COMPOSITES; WEAK BROWNIAN ROTATIONS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION; FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; SUSPENSION MECHANICS AB We report studies of the orientation state of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) dispersions in steady and transient shear flows. Uncured epoxy was used as a viscous Newtonian suspending medium and samples were prepared from "aligned" MWNTs using methods previously reported [S. S. Rahatekar , J. Rheol. 50, 599 (2006)]. Orientation measurements were performed in both the flow-gradient (1-2) and flow-vorticity (1-3) plane of simple shear flow using in situ x-ray scattering techniques. Steady state measurements in the 1-2 plane indicate that the MWNT orientation is shear rate dependent, with the MWNTs orienting closer to the flow direction at higher shear rates. During steady shear, anisotropy was measured to be higher in the 1-2 plane than in the 1-3 plane, demonstrating that the nanotube orientation state is not unaxially symmetric in shear. It is hypothesized that the steady state MWNT orientation is governed primarily by a rate-dependent state of nanotube aggregation/disaggregation, which was separately characterized by optical microscopy of the same samples under shear. High flux synchrotron radiation allowed for time-resolved structural studies in transient flows. A partial relaxation of flow-induced anisotropy was observed following flow cessation, despite the very small rotational diffusivity estimated for these nanotubes. Long transients are observed in step-down experiments, as the orientation state changes in response to the slow tube aggregation process. C1 [Pujari, Saswati; Burghardt, Wesley R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Rahatekar, Sameer S.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koziol, Krzysztof K.; Windle, Alan H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Burghardt, Wesley R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Burghardt, WR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM w-burghardt@northwestern.edu RI Koziol, Krzysztof/E-3626-2010; Burghardt, Wesley/B-7642-2009; Rahatekar, Sameer/A-6008-2012 OI Koziol, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8360-1121; NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 21 AR 214903 DI 10.1063/1.3139446 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454IA UT WOS:000266674400046 PM 19508094 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Dube, WP Fuchs, H Ryerson, TB Wollny, AG Brock, CA Bahreini, R Middlebrook, AM Neuman, JA Atlas, E Roberts, JM Osthoff, HD Trainer, M Fehsenfeld, FC Ravishankara, AR AF Brown, Steven S. Dube, William P. Fuchs, Hendrik Ryerson, Thomas B. Wollny, Adam G. Brock, Charles A. Bahreini, Roya Middlebrook, Ann M. Neuman, J. Andrew Atlas, Elliot Roberts, James M. Osthoff, Hans D. Trainer, Michael Fehsenfeld, Frederick C. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Reactive uptake coefficients for N2O5 determined from aircraft measurements during the Second Texas Air Quality Study: Comparison to current model parameterizations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LONG-TERM OBSERVATION; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; GAS-PHASE REACTION; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; AQUEOUS AEROSOLS; GASEOUS N2O5; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NITRATE RADICALS; SULFURIC-ACID AB This paper presents determinations of reactive uptake coefficients for N2O5, gamma( N2O5), on aerosols from nighttime aircraft measurements of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and aerosol surface area on the NOAA P-3 during Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II). Determinations based on both the steady state approximation for NO3 and N2O5 and a plume modeling approach yielded gamma(N2O5) substantially smaller than current parameterizations used for atmospheric modeling and generally in the range 0.5-6 x 10(-3). Dependence of gamma(N2O5) on variables such as relative humidity and aerosol composition was not apparent in the determinations, although there was considerable scatter in the data. Determinations were also inconsistent with current parameterizations of the rate coefficient for homogenous hydrolysis of N2O5 by water vapor, which may be as much as a factor of 10 too large. Nocturnal halogen activation via conversion of N2O5 to ClNO2 on chloride aerosol was not determinable from these data, although limits based on laboratory parameterizations and maximum nonrefractory aerosol chloride content showed that this chemistry could have been comparable to direct production of HNO3 in some cases. C1 [Brown, Steven S.; Dube, William P.; Fuchs, Hendrik; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Wollny, Adam G.; Brock, Charles A.; Bahreini, Roya; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Roberts, James M.; Osthoff, Hans D.; Trainer, Michael; Fehsenfeld, Frederick C.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Atlas, Elliot] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brown, Steven S.; Dube, William P.; Fuchs, Hendrik; Wollny, Adam G.; Bahreini, Roya; Neuman, J. Andrew; Osthoff, Hans D.; Fehsenfeld, Frederick C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Fuchs, Hendrik/I-9157-2012; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013 OI Fuchs, Hendrik/0000-0003-1263-0061; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program; Texas Air Quality Study FX This work was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program and the Texas Air Quality Study. The authors thank Prakash Bhave for useful discussions regarding uptake coefficient parameterizations. The authors also thank the crew of the NOAA P-3 for their dedication and professionalism. NR 75 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 6 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F10 DI 10.1029/2008JD011679 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 455FD UT WOS:000266742600006 ER PT J AU Mo, T AF Mo, Tsan TI A study of the NOAA-15 AMSU-A brightness temperatures from 1998 through 2007 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; MSU; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; SURFACE; EMISSIVITIES; LAND; GHZ AB Global mean brightness temperatures from the NOAA-15 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) over the period from May 1998 through December 2007 are studied. A time series of global daily mean brightness temperatures are constructed. These time series show a clear pattern of annual variation of the measurements which can be modeled with a Fourier series. After the annual variation as represented by the Fourier series is removed from the time series, extraannual variations of the measurements are obtained for examination of information about climate trends. Linear regressions of the extraannual variations at individual channels are performed, and the results demonstrate that the slopes for channels below the tropopause are positive whereas those above it are negative. This is strong evidence that the troposphere is warming and that the stratosphere is cooling. It is interesting to note that channel 5 has a slope of 0.0092 Kelvin per annum (K/a; or 0.092 K/decade) which agrees well with some of currently known climate trends of the middle troposphere. Diurnal variations of the monthly mean brightness temperatures measured over the globe with three AMSU-A radiometers onboard NOAA-15, -16, and -17, respectively, are also studied to provide a simple approach for correction of the effect of drifts of local equator crossing time on the data. A sensitivity test of the climate trend detection demonstrates that the method developed in this study can accurately detect an arbitrary climate trend which is introduced into the time series. C1 NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mo, T (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Mo, Tsan/F-5614-2010 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 6 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D11110 DI 10.1029/2008JD011267 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 455FD UT WOS:000266742600003 ER PT J AU Shume, EB de Paula, ER Maus, S Hysell, DL Rodrigues, FS Bekele, A AF Shume, E. B. de Paula, E. R. Maus, S. Hysell, D. L. Rodrigues, F. S. Bekele, A. TI Equatorial zonal electric fields inferred from a 3-D electrostatic potential model and ground-based magnetic field measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL PLASMA DRIFTS; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; SPREAD-F; IONOSPHERE; WINDS; VELOCITIES; MIDDLE; RADAR AB We present a new technique to infer quiet time zonal electric fields in the daytime equatorial ionosphere. The electric field inference technique utilizes a three-dimensional (3-D) electrostatic potential model of the low-latitude ionosphere constrained by ground-based magnetic field measurements. To test this technique, inferred zonal electric fields for the Peruvian sector in Jicamarca (11.95 degrees S, 283.13 degrees E, 0.6 degrees N dip latitude) were compared with zonal electric field (vertical drift) measurements made by the Jicamarca Incoherent Scatter Radar. The comparison shows a good agreement between the inferred and measured electric fields. An example of electric field estimation for Davao (7.4 degrees N, 125.4 degrees E, 0.58 degrees S dip latitude) in the Philippines sector is also presented in this report. Inferred electric fields for Davao are in good agreement with F region vertical plasma drifts measured by drift sensors onboard the AE-E and ROCSAT-1 satellites on that longitude sector. Our results suggest that realistic estimates of quiet time zonal electric fields for the equatorial ionosphere can be obtained from the 3-D potential model whenever observatory magnetic field measurements are available. C1 [Shume, E. B.; de Paula, E. R.] INPE DAE, Natl Inst Space Res, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hysell, D. L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rodrigues, F. S.] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Bekele, A.] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Phys, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Shume, EB (reprint author), INPE DAE, Natl Inst Space Res, Av Astronautas 1758, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM esayas@dae.inpe.br RI Shume, Esayas/I-3354-2013; de Paula, Eurico/O-1709-2013; OI de Paula, Eurico/0000-0003-2756-3826; Shume, Esayas/0000-0002-4696-1283 FU FAPESP [2007/08185-9]; NOAA/National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), Boulder, Colorado; NSF Cooperative Agreement through Cornell University. Magnetometer data for Davao [ATM-0432565]; MAGDAS; Space Environment Research Center, Kyushu University, Japan FX E. Shume is supported by FAPESP under process number 2007/08185-9 at INPE. E. Shume thanks the World Data Center for Geophysics and Marine Geology, Boulder Visiting Scientist Program, for funding his visit to NOAA/National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), Boulder, Colorado, in July-August 2008. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from the NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM-0432565 through Cornell University. Magnetometer data for Davao and Muntinlupa stations (the Philippines) were obtained from MAGDAS, the Space Environment Research Center, Kyushu University, Japan. The MUDPACK package used for this research (copyright John C. Adams) was obtained from UCAR which is sponsored by the NSF. The authors would like to thank the constructive comments given by one of the anonymous reviewers. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 6 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A06305 DI 10.1029/2009JA014158 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 455GU UT WOS:000266747300003 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Gomez, E Maxwell, SE Turner, LD Tiesinga, E Lett, PD AF Liu, Y. Gomez, E. Maxwell, S. E. Turner, L. D. Tiesinga, E. Lett, P. D. TI Number Fluctuations and Energy Dissipation in Sodium Spinor Condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIXING DYNAMICS; BOSE AB We characterize fluctuations in atom number and spin populations in F=1 sodium spinor condensates. We find that the fluctuations enable a quantitative measure of energy dissipation in the condensate. The time evolution of the population fluctuations shows a maximum. We interpret this as evidence of a dissipation-driven separatrix crossing in phase space. For a given initial state, the critical time to the separatrix crossing is found to depend exponentially on the magnetic field and linearly on condensate density. This crossing is confirmed by tracking the energy of the spinor condensate as well as by Faraday rotation spectroscopy. We also introduce a phenomenological model that describes the observed dissipation with a single coefficient. C1 [Liu, Y.; Maxwell, S. E.; Tiesinga, E.; Lett, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Y.; Maxwell, S. E.; Tiesinga, E.; Lett, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gomez, E.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico. [Turner, L. D.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yingmei.liu@nist.gov; paul.lett@nist.gov RI Turner, Lincoln/D-5066-2014 OI Turner, Lincoln/0000-0003-0551-5583 FU NIST/NRC; AMC-FUMEC FX We thank W. D. Phillips, V. Boyer, and T. Hanna for insightful discussions, and the ONR for financial support. S. E. M. thanks the NIST/NRC postdoctoral program. E. G. acknowledges support from AMC-FUMEC. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 22 AR 225301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.225301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454MF UT WOS:000266685400031 ER PT J AU Rubinson, KA Hubbard, J AF Rubinson, Kenneth A. Hubbard, Joseph TI Experimental compressibilities and average intermolecular distances of poly(ethylene glycol) molecular masses 2000-8000 Da in aqueous solution SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE SANS; Poly(ethylene glycol); Osmotic compressibility ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; WATER; ANTIPLASTICIZATION; TEMPERATURE; ETHANOL AB Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) is a powerful, nondestructive technique that can measure simultaneously macroscopic compressibilities of solutions and overall shapes of macromolecular solutes, as well as their intermolecular structural correlations. We have conducted SANS experiments on aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with nominal molecular masses 2000, 4000, and 8000 Da over the q-range 0.03-0.30 angstrom(-1) [q = (2 pi/lambda)sin theta]. By incorporating accurate background subtraction and short extrapolations of the intermolecular structure factor S(q) down to q = 0, the isothermal compressibility can be measured. The results indicate a significant and systematic dependence of the solutions' compressibility on both molecular mass and concentration of PEG, unlike the solutions' osmotic pressures and activity of the water. This implies that the structure of water in the vicinity of PEG is considerably altered relative to the bulk state even though the activity coefficient of water remains nearly invariant in this range. Graphs of S(q) for 3% w/w to 17% w/w solutions each show a gradual rise from the low-q side to a broad plateau, which indicates weak intermediate-range correlations between oligomers that are probably associated with soft, repulsive, solvent-mediated PEG-PEG interactions. Since both the water and PEG change structures from their neat forms, any quantitative assignment of changes in partial volumes must necessarily be arbitrary. However, the linear change in compressibility with PEG concentration below similar to 7% w/v can be said to indicate a composite solution, which parallels the behavior of composite solids. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rubinson, Kenneth A.; Hubbard, Joseph] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Rubinson, KA (reprint author), NIST, Div 812,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rubinson@nist.gov; hubbard@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442] FX We wish to thank Susan Krueger for help in collecting the SANS data and for her comments on the manuscript and Curt Meuse for help in running IR spectra. Small-angle neutron scattering experiments were performed on the NG3 and NG7 30m SANS instillments at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-9986442. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2618 EP 2623 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.043 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 454TY UT WOS:000266706800013 ER PT J AU Jost, JD Home, JP Amini, JM Hanneke, D Ozeri, R Langer, C Bollinger, JJ Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Jost, J. D. Home, J. P. Amini, J. M. Hanneke, D. Ozeri, R. Langer, C. Bollinger, J. J. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Entangled mechanical oscillators SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS; CURRENT SITUATION; TRAPPED IONS; COMPUTER; STATES AB Hallmarks of quantum mechanics include superposition and entanglement. In the context of large complex systems, these features should lead to situations as envisaged in the 'Schrodinger's cat'(1) thought experiment (where the cat exists in a superposition of alive and dead states entangled with a radioactive nucleus). Such situations are not observed in nature. This may be simply due to our inability to sufficiently isolate the system of interest from the surrounding environment(2,3)- a technical limitation. Another possibility is some as-yet-undiscovered mechanism that prevents the formation of macroscopic entangled states(4). Such a limitation might depend on the number of elementary constituents in the system(5) or on the types of degrees of freedom that are entangled. Tests of the latter possibility have been made with photons, atoms and condensed matter devices(6,7). One system ubiquitous to nature where entanglement has not been previously demonstrated consists of distinct mechanical oscillators. Here we demonstrate deterministic entanglement of separated mechanical oscillators, consisting of the vibrational states of two pairs of atomic ions held in different locations. We also demonstrate entanglement of the internal states of an atomic ion with a distant mechanical oscillator. These results show quantum entanglement in a degree of freedom that pervades the classical world. Such experiments may lead to the generation of entangled states of larger-scale mechanical oscillators(8-10), and offer possibilities for testing non-locality with mesoscopic systems(11). In addition, the control developed here is an important ingredient for scaling-up quantum information processing with trapped atomic ions(12-14). C1 [Jost, J. D.; Home, J. P.; Amini, J. M.; Hanneke, D.; Bollinger, J. J.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ozeri, R.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Langer, C.] Lockheed Martin, Denver, CO 80127 USA. RP Jost, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.d.jost@gmail.com RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Hanneke, David/E-6941-2011; OI Home, Jonathan/0000-0002-4093-1550 FU IARPA; NIST Quantum Information Program; Lindemann Trust fellowship FX This work was supported by IARPA and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We hank J. Britton, Y. Colombe and H. Uys for comments on the manuscript. J. P. H. acknowledges support from the Lindemann Trust fellowship. This paper is a contribution by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and not subject to US copyright. NR 31 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 459 IS 7247 BP 683 EP U84 DI 10.1038/nature08006 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 453KF UT WOS:000266608600039 PM 19494911 ER PT J AU Gulbrandsen, J Bjerkeng, B Kim, J Scott, TM Rust, MB AF Gulbrandsen, Jon Bjerkeng, Bjorn Kim, Jihye Scott, Thomas M. Rust, Michael B. TI Post mortem changes in the concentration of free amino acids in Artemia franciscana at different temperatures SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Artemia; Proteolysis; Free amino acids ID HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; MARINE FISH LARVAE; BRINE SHRIMP; PROTEIN; DIGESTION; PREY; PHYSIOLOGY; PEPTIDES; CYSTS; DIETS AB Post mortem proteolysis of Artemia franciscana in terms of free amino acid (FAA) concentrations was determined at several temperatures to indicate potential nutritive value. The experiment was conducted for 400 min at 12,16, 20, 24 and 28 degrees C to correspond to gut passage times and temperatures expected in the gut of cold-water fish larvae through tropical fish larvae. After death, FAA concentration in A. franciscana nauplii reached a maximum about 2-2.5-fold higher than the initial concentration after 120 min at 16, 20, 24 and 28 degrees C. At 12 degrees C the maximum concentration of FAAs was achieved after 240 min. A significant effect of temperature on total FAAs (df = 4. F-value = 17.17, P<0.0001, ANOVA), indicated that the most pronounced proteolysis took place at 20 degrees C. Only small, albeit significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in FAA composition as influenced by temperature and duration of the proteolysis. The FAA composition of the freshly killed initial sample also differed from all treated samples. Our interpretation of these results is that there is considerable autolytic proteolysis during residence times that are possible in fish larvae, and that this may represent a significant contribution to FAAs for energy supply and protein synthesis. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gulbrandsen, Jon; Kim, Jihye; Scott, Thomas M.; Rust, Michael B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bjerkeng, Bjorn] Nofima Marine AS, N-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway. RP Bjerkeng, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM bjorn.bjerkeng@sunndals.net NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 291 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.03.011 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 452CV UT WOS:000266518300016 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Heckel, A Frost, GJ Richter, A Gleason, J Burrows, JP McKeen, S Hsie, EY Granier, C Trainer, M AF Kim, S. -W. Heckel, A. Frost, G. J. Richter, A. Gleason, J. Burrows, J. P. McKeen, S. Hsie, E. -Y. Granier, C. Trainer, M. TI NO2 columns in the western United States observed from space and simulated by a regional chemistry model and their implications for NOx emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; GOME MEASUREMENTS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; MECHANISM; RETRIEVALS; LIFETIMES; SCIAMACHY AB There are many isolated sources of NOx emissions across the western United States, including electrical power generation plants and urban areas. In this manuscript, two satellite instruments measuring NO2 vertical columns over these sources and an atmospheric chemical-transport model are used to evaluate bottom-up NOx emission inventories, model assumptions, and satellite retrieval algorithms. We carried out simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model for the western U. S. domain during the summer of 2005 using measured power plant NOx emissions. Model NO2 vertical columns are compared with a retrieval of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite instrument data by the University of Bremen and retrievals of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) data by the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and a modified version of the NASA OMI retrieval produced by the University of Bremen. For areas dominated by power plant NOx emissions, the model NO2 columns serve as a comparison standard for satellite retrievals because emissions are continuously monitored at all large U. S. power plants. An extensive series of sensitivity tests of the assumptions in both the satellite retrievals and the model are carried out over the Four Corners and San Juan power plants, two adjacent facilities in the northwest corner of New Mexico that together represent the largest NOx point source in the United States. Overall, the SCIAMACHY and OMI NO2 columns over western U. S. power plants agree well with model NO2 columns, with differences between the two being within the variability of the model and satellite. In contrast to regions dominated by power plant emissions, model NO2 columns over large urban areas along the U. S. west coast are approximately twice as large as satellite NO2 columns from SCIAMACHY and OMI retrievals. The discrepancies in urban areas are beyond the sensitivity ranges in the model simulations and satellite observations, implying overestimates of these cities' bottom-up NOx emissions, which are dominated by motor vehicles. Taking the uncertainties in the satellite retrievals into account, our study demonstrates that the tropospheric columns of NO2 retrieved from space-based observations of backscattered solar electromagnetic radiation can be used to evaluate and improve bottom-up emission inventories. C1 [Kim, S. -W.; Frost, G. J.; McKeen, S.; Hsie, E. -Y.; Granier, C.; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Burrows, J. P.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Gleason, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Heckel, A.] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Heckel, A.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Heckel, A.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Remote Sensing, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Kim, S. -W.; Frost, G. J.; McKeen, S.; Hsie, E. -Y.; Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, C.] Univ Paris 06, UMR7620, Paris, France. [Granier, C.] CNRS, UMR7620, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R-CSD4, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov RI Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; FU University of Bremen; European Union; NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere research program FX Many thanks go to G. Grell, S. Peckham, M. Salzmann, B. Skamarock, and R. Portmann for numerous discussions about the WRF-Chem model. The authors thank R. Harley for assistance with the emission trends analysis. Parts of the satellite retrievals used in this study were funded by the University of Bremen and the European Union through the ACCENT project. The Dutch-Finnish built OMI is part of the NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. The authors wish to acknowledge support from NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere research program. NR 67 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D11301 DI 10.1029/2008JD011343 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 455FA UT WOS:000266742300003 ER PT J AU Cosgrove, RB Codrescu, M AF Cosgrove, R. B. Codrescu, M. TI Electric field variability and model uncertainty: A classification of source terms in estimating the squared electric field from an electric field model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAPPING ELECTRODYNAMIC FEATURES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; LOCALIZED OBSERVATIONS; THERMOSPHERIC MODEL; CONVECTION; TEMPERATURE; SUBSTORM; EVENT; WINDS AB Joule heating by high-latitude electric fields is thought to be underestimated by electric field models, and it has been conjectured that the source of the underestimation is "electric field variability,'' although the interpretation of this term is not necessarily straightforward. We perform a classification of source terms in estimating the squared magnitude of electric field from an electric field model, and find that the phenomenon summarily referred to as electric field variability canonically decomposes into two distinct components: small-scale electric field variability, and resolved-scale model uncertainty. The latter contribution is a statistical estimation uncertainty, and not related to physical small-scale fluctuations. We argue that the two sources should be characterized separately. An illustration is given in a comparison of the Joule heating measured by the Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar during a 40-h period containing a storm, with the Joule heating modeled by the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure, after removing the Sondrestrom data from the AMIE assimilation. A quantitative assessment of the relative importance of the two sources is drawn from a recent satellite study. C1 [Cosgrove, R. B.] SRI Int, Ctr Geospace Studies, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Codrescu, M.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Cosgrove, RB (reprint author), SRI Int, Ctr Geospace Studies, 333 Ravenswood Ave,G276, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM russell.cosgrove@sri.com FU NSF [ATM-0334122] FX This research was supported by NSF cooperative agreement ATM-0334122. The authors thank Tomoko Matsuo and Gang Lu for valuable discussions. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A06301 DI 10.1029/2008JA013929 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 455GP UT WOS:000266746800004 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Kang, SH Doe, C Yu, J Sim, JB Kim, J Kline, SR Choi, SM AF Kim, Tae-Hwan Kang, Shin-Hyun Doe, Changwoo Yu, Jihyun Sim, Jun-Bo Kim, Jehan Kline, Steven R. Choi, Sung-Min TI Higly Ordered Self-Assembly of 1D Nanoparticles in Phospholipids Driven by Curvature and Electrostatic Interaction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECTANGULAR COLUMNAR PHASE; GOLD NANORODS; DNA COMPLEXES; NANOWIRES; DIMENSIONS; NANOTUBES; MEMBRANES; ALIGNMENT; MICELLES; DELIVERY AB Self-assembly of 1 D nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes or nanorods into highly ordered superstructures using various interactions has been of great interest as a route toward materials with new functionalities. However, the phase behavior of 1 D nanoparticles interacting with surrounding materials, which is the key information. to design self-assembled superstructures, has not been fully exploited yet. Here, we report for the first time a new phase diagram of negatively charged 1 D nanoparticle and cationic liposome (CLs) complexes in water that exhibit three different highly ordered phases, intercalated lamellar, doubly intercalated lamellar, and centered rectangular phases, depending on particle curvature and electrostatic interactions. The new phase diagram can be used to understand and design new highly ordered self-assemblies of 1 D nanoparticles in soft matter, which provide new functionalities. C1 [Kim, Tae-Hwan; Kang, Shin-Hyun; Doe, Changwoo; Yu, Jihyun; Sim, Jun-Bo; Choi, Sung-Min] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Kim, Jehan] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Beamline Res Div, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, SM (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM sungmin@kaist.ac.kr RI Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011 OI Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 21 BP 7456 EP 7460 DI 10.1021/ja901810n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 451QO UT WOS:000266484900046 PM 19469580 ER PT J AU Coskuner, O Allison, TC AF Coskuner, Orkid Allison, Thomas C. TI Dynamic and Structural Properties of Aqueous Arsenic Solutions SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; arsenic; molecular dynamics; proton transfer; water chemistry ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DRINKING-WATER; PROTON; REMOVAL; SOLVATION; IONS; ACID; COORDINATION; SIMULATIONS; SPECIATION C1 [Coskuner, Orkid; Allison, Thomas C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coskuner, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM orkid.coskuner@nist.gov; thomas.allison@nist.gov RI Coskuner, Orkid/O-5376-2016 OI Coskuner, Orkid/0000-0002-0772-9350 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD JUN 2 PY 2009 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1187 EP 1189 DI 10.1002/cphc.200800650 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 457SV UT WOS:000266954500003 PM 19308977 ER PT J AU Turgman-Cohen, S Smith, MB Fischer, DA Kilpatrick, PK Genzer, J AF Turgman-Cohen, Salomon Smith, Matthew B. Fischer, Daniel A. Kilpatrick, Peter K. Genzer, Jan TI Asphaltene Adsorption onto Self-Assembled Monolayers of Mixed Aromatic and Aliphatic Trichlorosilanes SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; INTRAMOLECULAR BOND LENGTHS; GAS-PHASE MOLECULES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; THIN-FILMS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORBED MONOLAYERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SHAPE RESONANCES AB The adsorption of asphaltenes onto flat solid surfaces modified with mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of aliphatic and aromatic trichlorosilanes with varying wettabilities, aromaticities, and thicknesses is tested. The mixed SAMs are characterized by means of contact angle to assess hydrophobicity and molecular and chemical uniformity, spectroscopic ellipsometry to measure the thickness of the films, and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to assess chemical and molecular composition. The molecular characteristics of the adsorbed asphaltene layer and the extent of asphaltene adsorption are determined using NEXAFS and spectroscopic ellipsometry, respectively. The SAMs are formed by depositing phenyl-, phenethyl-, butyl-, and octadecyl-trichlorosilanes from toluene solutions onto silica-coated substrates; the chemical composition and the wettability of the SAM surface is tuned systematically by varying the trichlorosilane composition in the deposition solutions. The adsorption of asphaltenes on the substrates does not correlate strongly with the SAM chemical composition. Instead, the extent of asphaltene adsorption decreases with increasing SAM thickness. This observation suggests that the leading interaction governing the adsorption of asphaltenes is their interaction with the polar silica substrate and that the chemical composition of the SAM is of secondary importance. C1 [Turgman-Cohen, Salomon; Smith, Matthew B.; Kilpatrick, Peter K.; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kilpatrick, PK (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46656 USA. EM Peter.Kilpatrick@nd.edu RI Kilpatrick, Peter/G-4264-2011; OI Turgman-Cohen, Salomon/0000-0002-4011-2555 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 2 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 11 BP 6260 EP 6269 DI 10.1021/la9000895 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 453IL UT WOS:000266604000038 PM 19334746 ER PT J AU Sohn, KE Dimitriou, MD Genzer, J Fischer, DA Hawker, CJ Kramer, EJ AF Sohn, K. E. Dimitriou, M. D. Genzer, J. Fischer, D. A. Hawker, C. J. Kramer, E. J. TI Determination of the Electron Escape Depth for NEXAFS Spectroscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); COPOLYMER SURFACES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; ALGA ULVA; COATINGS; ELLIPSOMETRY; ENTEROMORPHA; ORIENTATION AB A novel method was developed to determine carbon atom density as a function of depth by analyzing the postedge signal in near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra. We show that the common assumption in the analysis of NEXAFS data from polymer Films, namely, that the carbon atom density is constant as a function of depth, is not valid. This analysis method is then used to calculate the electron escape depth (EED) for NEXAFS in a model bilayer system that contains a perfluorinated polyether (PFPE) on top of a highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) sample. Because the carbon atom densitites of both layers are known, in addition to the PFPE surface layer thickness, the EED is determined to be 1.95 nm. This EED is then used to measure the thickness of the perfluorinated surface layer of poly(4-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)oxymethylstyrene) (PFPS). C1 [Sohn, K. E.; Dimitriou, M. D.; Hawker, C. J.; Kramer, E. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Genzer, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fischer, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hawker, C. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kramer, E. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kramer, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Hawker, Craig/G-4971-2011 OI Hawker, Craig/0000-0001-9951-851X FU NSF [N00014-02-1-0170]; NSF DMR [DMR-07-04539, DMR05-20415]; NSF-NNIN [44771-7475] FX We would like to thank Mahesh Padigala from Solvay Solexis for supplying the Fomblin Z-03. Michael Toney (SSRL), and Matthew Mate (Hitachi) are thanked for their helpful discussions. Prof. Joe Zasadzinski and his graduate student, Youngmin Jin, helped prepare the PFPE films on HOPG. Thanks to Marvin Paik and Kristin Schmidt for help with the NEXAFS measurements. Alejandro Parra and Gila Stein helped with the ellipsometry measurements and analysis. Primary funding was provided by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and secondary funding by the ONR under grant number N00014-02-1-0170 and the NSF DMR Polymers Program under grant number DMR-07-04539. This work made use of central facilities at the MRL at UCSB, which is funded by the MRSEC program of the NSF under grant number DMR05-20415, and from use of the nanofabrication facilities, which is supported by the NSF-NNIN under Award No. 44771-7475. NR 37 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 2 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 11 BP 6341 EP 6348 DI 10.1021/la803951y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 453IL UT WOS:000266604000048 PM 19400567 ER EF