FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Turgman-Cohen, S
   Fischer, DA
   Kilpatrick, PK
   Genzer, J
AF Turgman-Cohen, Salomon
   Fischer, Daniel A.
   Kilpatrick, Peter K.
   Genzer, Jan
TI Asphaltene Adsorption onto Self-Assembled Monolayers of
   Alkyltrichlorosilanes of Varying Chain Length
SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE asphaltenes; self-assembled monolayers; alklyltrichlorosilanes; NEXAFS;
   ellipsometry; wettability
ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE;
   REFRACTIVE-INDEX; THIN-FILMS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; ADSORBED
   MONOLAYERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GLASS-SURFACE; ELLIPSOMETRY; THICKNESS
AB The adsorption of asphaltenes onto flat silica surfaces' modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMS) of alkyltrichlorosilanes of varying thickness due to a variable number. of carbon atoms (N(C)) has been studied by means of contact angle measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry and near-edge X-ray absorption. fine structure spectroscopy. The extent of asphaltene adsorption was found to depend primarily on the ability of the SAM. layer to shield the underlying silicon substrate from interacting with the asphaltenes present in solution. Specifically, asphaltene adsorption decreased with an,increase in N(C) and/or an increase in SAM grafting density, O(SAM), (i.e., number of SAM molecules per unit area). The effect of the solvent quality on the extent of asphaltene adsorption was gauged by adsorbing asphaltenes from toluene, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, decalin, and toluene-heptanes mixtures. The extent of asphaltene adsorption was found to increase proportionally with a decrease in the Hildebrand solubility parameter of the solvent.
C1 [Turgman-Cohen, Salomon; Kilpatrick, Peter K.; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Genzer, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM Peter.Kilpatrick@nd.edu; jan_Genzer@ncsu.cdu
RI Kilpatrick, Peter/G-4264-2011; 
OI Turgman-Cohen, Salomon/0000-0002-4011-2555
NR 52
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1944-8244
J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER
JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 1
IS 6
BP 1347
EP 1357
DI 10.1021/am900203u
PG 11
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 464NX
UT WOS:000267513100031
PM 20355932
ER

PT J
AU Chai, H
   Lee, JJW
   Kwon, JY
   Lucas, PW
   Lawn, BR
AF Chai, Herzl
   Lee, James J. -W.
   Kwon, Jae-Young
   Lucas, Peter W.
   Lawn, Brian R.
TI A simple model for enamel fracture from margin cracks
SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Dental enamel; Fracture modes; Margin cracks; Channel cracks; Occlusal
   loading
ID DENTAL CROWNS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LAYER STRUCTURES; FAILURE; DAMAGE
AB We present results of in situ fracture tests on extracted human molar teeth showing failure by margin cracking. The teeth are mounted into an epoxy base and loaded with a rod indenter capped with a Teflon insert, as representative of food modulus. In situ observations of cracks extending longitudinally upward from the cervical margins are recorded in real time with a video camera. The cracks appear above some threshold and grow steadily within the enamel coat toward the occlusal surface in a configuration reminiscent of channel-like cracks in brittle films. Substantially higher loading is required to delaminate the enamel from the dentin, attesting to the resilience of the tooth structure. A simplistic fracture mechanics analysis is applied to determine the critical load relation for traversal of the margin crack along the full length of the side wall. The capacity of any given tooth to resist failure by margin cracking is predicted to increase with greater enamel thickness and cuspal radius. Implications in relation to dentistry and evolutionary biology are briefly considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
C1 [Lee, James J. -W.; Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
   [Kwon, Jae-Young] Changwon Natl Univ, Sch Nano & Adv Mat Engn, Chang Won, Kyung Nam, South Korea.
   [Lucas, Peter W.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM brian.lawn@nist.gov
FU GWU Strategic Plan for Academic Excellence; NIST
FX Funds from the GWU Strategic Plan for Academic Excellence and NIST
   internal funds are gratefully acknowledged. Extracted human teeth were
   supplied by the American Dental Association at NIST. Approval from the
   NIST Internal Review Board was obtained to test these teeth.
NR 23
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1742-7061
J9 ACTA BIOMATER
JI Acta Biomater.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 5
IS 5
BP 1663
EP 1667
DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.007
PG 5
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 451YM
UT WOS:000266506800029
PM 19269906
ER

PT J
AU Sundman, B
   Ohnuma, I
   Dupin, N
   Kattner, UR
   Fries, SG
AF Sundman, Bo
   Ohnuma, Ikuo
   Dupin, Nathalie
   Kattner, Ursula R.
   Fries, Suzana G.
TI An assessment of the entire Al-Fe system including D0(3) ordering
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Calphad; Ordering; Compound energy formalism; Phase diagram; Al-Fe
ID IRON-ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-DIAGRAM; LIQUID
   IRON; GAMMA-LOOP; X-RAY; SILICON; TRANSFORMATION; CONSTITUTION;
   EQUILIBRIA
AB The Al-Fe system is important for many alloys and the new interest in iron aluminides makes it necessary to improve the modeling of the different ordered forms on the body-centered cubic lattice in this system. This has now been done using a four-sublattice model based on the compound energy formalism, which can describe disordered A2 and the B2, D0(3) and B32 ordering. The chemical and ferromagnetic ordering transitions can be both first and second-order and they have a strong interaction. Almost all available experimental and theoretical data for all phases in the system have been fitted within estimated uncertainties. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sundman, Bo] UPSICNRSIENSIACET, CIRIMAT, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
   [Ohnuma, Ikuo] Tohoku Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan.
   [Dupin, Nathalie] Calcul Thermodynam, FR-63670 Orcet, France.
   [Kattner, Ursula R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Fries, Suzana G.] SGF Sci Consultancy, Aachen, Germany.
   [Fries, Suzana G.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, ICAMS, Bochum, Germany.
RP Sundman, B (reprint author), UPSICNRSIENSIACET, CIRIMAT, 116 Route Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
EM bo.sundman@ensiacet.fr
RI Fries, suzana/A-5280-2013
NR 70
TC 64
Z9 67
U1 1
U2 32
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 57
IS 10
BP 2896
EP 2908
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.02.046
PG 13
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 452CY
UT WOS:000266518600004
ER

PT J
AU Allen, AJ
   Ilavsky, J
   Braun, A
AF Allen, Andrew J.
   Ilavsky, Jan
   Braun, Artur
TI Multi-scale Microstructure Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
   Assemblies With Ultra Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ANODE; SOFC; CERMET; SULFUR
C1 [Allen, Andrew J.] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Braun, Artur] Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab High Performance Ceram, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Bldg 223,Room B206,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andrew.allen@nist.gov; ilavsky@aps.anl.gov; artur.braun@alumni.ethz.ch
RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; BRAUN,
   Artur/A-1154-2009
OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774
FU European Union [SES6-CT-2003-502612]; Marie Curie Actions
   [MIRG-CT-2006-042095]; Swiss Competence Center for Energy Mobility
   [CCEM-705]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
   Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We arc grateful to Dr. Josef Sfeir, Hexis Ltd. for discussions and
   providing the SOFC samples, Dr. Christian Soltmann, Empa, for the
   ceramographic preparation for USAXS, and to Dipl.-Ing. Peter Ried and
   Roland Bachtold, both Empa, for the optical and scanning electron
   micrographs, and Dr. Peter Holtappels for fruitful discussions in this
   project. A.B. is grateful for financial support by the European Union
   with the Real-SOFC project # contract # SES6-CT-2003-502612 and Marie
   Curie Actions # MIRG-CT-2006-042095, and by the Swiss Competence Center
   for Energy & Mobility, project # CCEM-705. Use of the Advanced Photon
   Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Science under contract no.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 15
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1438-1656
J9 ADV ENG MATER
JI Adv. Eng. Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 11
IS 6
BP 495
EP 501
DI 10.1002/adem.200800357
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 468VW
UT WOS:000267853400012
ER

PT J
AU Sherman, K
   Belkin, IM
   Friedland, KD
   O'Reilly, J
   Hyde, K
AF Sherman, Kenneth
   Belkin, Igor M.
   Friedland, Kevin D.
   O'Reilly, John
   Hyde, Kimberly
TI Accelerated Warming and Emergent Trends in Fisheries Biomass Yields of
   the World's Large Marine Ecosystems
SO AMBIO
LA English
DT Article
ID FISH PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANKTON ECOSYSTEMS; BERING-SEA; SHELF;
   OCEAN; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC; PACIFIC
AB Information on the effects of global climate change on trends in global fisheries biomass yields has been limited in spatial and temporal scale. Results are presented of a global study of the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) changes over the last 25 years on the fisheries yields of 63 large marine ecosystems (LMEs) that annually produce 80% of the world's marine fisheries catches. Warming trends were observed in 61 LMEs around the globe. In 18 of the LMEs, rates of SST warming were two to four times faster during the past 25 years than the globally averaged rates of SST warming reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007. Effects of warming on fisheries biomass yields were greatest in the fast-warming northern Northeast Atlantic LMEs, where increasing trends in fisheries biomass yields were related to zooplankton biomass increases. In contrast, fisheries biomass yields of LMEs in the fast-warming, more southerly reaches of the Northeast Atlantic were declining in response to decreases in zooplankton abundance. The LMEs around the margins of the Indian Ocean, where SSTs were among the world's slowest warming, revealed a consistent pattern of fisheries biomass increases during the past 25 years, driven principally by human need for food security from fisheries resources. As a precautionary approach toward more sustainable fisheries utilization, management measures to limit the total allowable catch through a cap-and-sustain approach are suggested for the developing nations recently fishing heavily on resources of the Agulhas Current, Somali Current, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal LMEs.
C1 [Sherman, Kenneth; Friedland, Kevin D.; O'Reilly, John; Hyde, Kimberly] NOAA, USDOC, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   [Belkin, Igor M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Sherman, K (reprint author), NOAA, USDOC, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM Kenneth.Sherman@noaa.gov; ibelkin@gso.uri.edu; Kevin.Friedland@noaa.gov;
   Jay.OReilly@noaa.gov; Kimberly.Hyde@noaa.gov
NR 71
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 4
U2 34
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-7447
EI 1654-7209
J9 AMBIO
JI Ambio
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 38
IS 4
BP 215
EP 224
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 463EB
UT WOS:000267410900006
PM 19739556
ER

PT J
AU Kline, MC
   Duewer, DL
   Travis, JC
   Smith, MV
   Redman, JW
   Vallone, PM
   Decker, AE
   Butler, JM
AF Kline, Margaret C.
   Duewer, David L.
   Travis, John C.
   Smith, Melody V.
   Redman, Janette W.
   Vallone, Peter M.
   Decker, Amy E.
   Butler, John M.
TI Production and certification of NIST Standard Reference Material 2372
   Human DNA Quantitation Standard
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Certified reference material (CRM); Decadic attenuance; Forensic; Human
   identity; Interlaboratory comparison; Short tandem repeat (STR)
   multiplex assay; Standard Reference Material (SRM); UV/visible
   absorbance spectrophotometry
ID FORENSIC SAMPLES; PCR ASSAY; QUANTIFICATION METHODS; MIXED STAIN;
   OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHORUS
AB Modern highly multiplexed short tandem repeat (STR) assays used by the forensic human-identity community require tight control of the initial amount of sample DNA amplified in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. This, in turn, requires the ability to reproducibly measure the concentration of human DNA, [DNA], in a sample extract. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques can determine the number of intact stretches of DNA of specified nucleotide sequence in an extremely small sample; however, these assays must be calibrated with DNA extracts of well-characterized and stable composition. By 2004, studies coordinated by or reported to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) indicated that a well-characterized, stable human DNA quantitation certified reference material (CRM) could help the forensic community reduce within-and among-laboratory quantitation variability. To ensure that the stability of such a quantitation standard can be monitored and that, if and when required, equivalent replacement materials can be prepared, a measurement of some stable quantity directly related to [DNA] is required. Using a long-established conventional relationship linking optical density (properly designated as decadic attenuance) at 260 nm with [DNA] in aqueous solution, NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2372 Human DNA Quantitation Standard was issued in October 2007. This SRM consists of three quite different DNA extracts: a single-source male, a multiple-source female, and a mixture of male and female sources. All three SRM components have very similar optical densities, and thus very similar conventional [DNA]. The materials perform very similarly in several widely used gender-neutral assays, demonstrating that the combination of appropriate preparation methods and metrologically sound spectrophotometric measurements enables the preparation and certification of quantitation [DNA] standards that are both maintainable and of practical utility.
C1 [Kline, Margaret C.; Travis, John C.; Smith, Melody V.; Redman, Janette W.; Vallone, Peter M.; Decker, Amy E.; Butler, John M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Duewer, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kline, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Margaret.Kline@nist.gov
RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011
FU National Institute of Justice
FX We thank all of the forensic scientists, supervisors, and forensic DNA
   testing facilities who contributed their expertise, time, and material
   resources to the interlaboratory assessment. SRM 2372 would not exist
   except for their encouragement, advice, and willing cooperation with our
   sometimes seemingly outre requests. The development of SRM 2372 was
   funded in part by the National Institute of Justice through an
   interagency agreement with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards.
NR 35
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 6
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 394
IS 4
BP 1183
EP 1192
DI 10.1007/s00216-009-2782-0
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 446ZC
UT WOS:000266160400029
PM 19377837
ER

PT J
AU Bicego, MC
   Zanardi-Lamardo, E
   Taniguchi, S
   Martins, CC
   Da Silva, DAM
   Sasaki, ST
   Albergaria-Barbosa, ACR
   Paol, FS
   Weber, RR
   Montone, RC
AF Bicego, Marcia C.
   Zanardi-Lamardo, Eliete
   Taniguchi, Satie
   Martins, Cesar C.
   Da Silva, Denis A. M.
   Sasaki, Silvio T.
   Albergaria-Barbosa, Ana C. R.
   Paol, Fernando S.
   Weber, Rolf R.
   Montone, Rosalinda C.
TI Results from a 15-year study on hydrocarbon concentrations in water and
   sediment from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica
SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE PAHs; seawater; sewage; South Shetland Islands
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; ARTHUR HARBOR;
   ANTHROPOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; MCMURDO-STATION;
   DAVIS-STATION; FUEL SPILL; OIL-SPILL; SEA
AB Admiralty Bay on the King George Island hosts the Brazilian, Polish and Peruvian research stations as well as the American and Ecuadorian field stations. Human activities in this region require the use of fossil fuels as an energy source, thereby placing the region at risk of hydrocarbon contamination. Hydrocarbon monitoring was conducted on water and sediment samples from the bay over 15 years. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used for the analysis of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater samples and gas chromatography with flame ionization and/or mass spectrometric detection was used to analyse individual n-alkanes and PAHs in sediment samples. The results revealed that most sites contaminated by these Compounds are around the Brazilian and Polish research stations due to the intense human activities, mainly during the summer. Moreover, the sediments revealed the presence of hydrocarbons from different sources, suggesting a mixture of the direct input of oil or derivatives and derived from hydrocarbon combustion. A decrease in PAH concentrations occurred following improvement of the sewage treatment facilities at the Brazilian research station, indicating that the contribution from human waste may be significant.
C1 [Bicego, Marcia C.; Zanardi-Lamardo, Eliete; Taniguchi, Satie; Sasaki, Silvio T.; Albergaria-Barbosa, Ana C. R.; Weber, Rolf R.; Montone, Rosalinda C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Lab Quim Organ Marinha, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
   [Martins, Cesar C.] Univ Fed Parana, Ctr Estudos Mar, Pontal Do Parana, Parana, Brazil.
   [Da Silva, Denis A. M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Paol, Fernando S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & C Atmosfer, Dept Geofis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
RP Bicego, MC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Lab Quim Organ Marinha, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
EM marcia@io.usp.br
RI ZANARDI-LAMARDO, ELIETE/A-9084-2011; Martins, Cesar/I-1086-2012;
   Montone, Rosalinda/J-9110-2012; Bicego, Marcia/D-1996-2013; Taniguchi,
   Satie/D-2552-2013
OI ZANARDI-LAMARDO, ELIETE/0000-0003-3546-6479; Montone,
   Rosalinda/0000-0002-9586-1000; Taniguchi, Satie/0000-0002-6825-6390
FU Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq)
FX The authors would like to thank the Brazilian Antarctic Programme
   (PROANTAR) for the financial support through a grant from the Conselho
   Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq) and logistical support from the Secretaria
   da Comissao Interministerial para os Recursos do Mar (SECIRM). The
   authors express their gratitude to the staff at the Brazilian Station
   for their assistance in the collection of samples and members of the
   Marine Organic Chemistry Laboratory of the Oceanographic Institute of
   the Universidade de Sao Paulo for their contribution and suggestions.
   Additional thanks go to the reviewers for their substantial input.
NR 42
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 17
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0954-1020
J9 ANTARCT SCI
JI Antarct. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 3
BP 209
EP 220
DI 10.1017/S0954102009001734
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 460OG
UT WOS:000267196400005
ER

PT J
AU Yang, WL
   Lindquist, HDA
   Cama, V
   Schaefer, FW
   Villegas, E
   Fayer, R
   Lewis, EJ
   Feng, YY
   Xiao, LH
AF Yang, Wenli
   Lindquist, H. D. Alan
   Cama, Vitaliano
   Schaefer, Frank W., III
   Villegas, Eric
   Fayer, Ronald
   Lewis, Earl J.
   Feng, Yaoyu
   Xiao, Lihua
TI Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Water Sample Concentrates by
   Real-Time PCR
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSFER HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; IMMUNOMAGNETIC
   SEPARATION; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; QUANTITATIVE
   PCR; INTERNAL CONTROL; DRINKING-WATER; DIAGNOSIS; ASSAY
AB PCR techniques in combination with conventional parasite concentration procedures have potential for the sensitive and specific detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water. Three real-time PCR assays based on the B1 gene and a 529-bp repetitive element were analyzed for the detection of T. gondii tachyzoites and oocysts. Lower sensitivity and specificity were obtained with the B1 gene-based PCR than with the 529-bp repeat-based PCR. New procedures for the real-time PCR detection of T. gondii oocysts in concentrates of surface water were developed and tested in conjunction with a method for the direct extraction of inhibitor-free DNA from water. This technique detected as few as one oocyst seeded to 0.5 ml of packed pellets from water samples concentrated by Envirocheck filters. Thus, this real-time PCR may provide a detection method alternative to the traditional mouse assay and microscopy.
C1 [Xiao, Lihua] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   [Yang, Wenli] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA.
   [Lindquist, H. D. Alan; Schaefer, Frank W., III] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
   [Villegas, Eric] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
   [Fayer, Ronald] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   [Lewis, Earl J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
   [Feng, Yaoyu] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resource & Environm Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.
RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM lxiao@cdc.gov
RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Feng, Yaoyu/B-3076-2014; Villegas,
   Eric/A-7373-2015
OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588
FU EPA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human
   Health Initiative
FX This study was supported in part by funds from the EPA and the National
   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health
   Initiative.
NR 58
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2009
VL 75
IS 11
BP 3477
EP 3483
DI 10.1128/AEM.00285-09
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 449QT
UT WOS:000266345800012
PM 19363083
ER

PT J
AU Colburn, NT
   Zaal, KJM
   Wang, F
   Tuan, RS
AF Colburn, Nona T.
   Zaal, Kristien J. M.
   Wang, Francis
   Tuan, Rocky S.
TI A Role for gamma/delta T Cells in a Mouse Model of Fracture Healing
SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM
LA English
DT Article
ID COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENT; INFLAMMATORY
   RESPONSE; SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY; TISSUE HEMATOMAS; GROWTH-FACTORS;
   BONE-FRACTURE; MUTANT MICE; IN-VIVO; GAMMA
AB Objective. Fractures can initiate an immune response that disturbs osteoblastic and osteoclastic cellular homeostasis through cytokine production and release. The aim of our study was to investigate gamma/delta T cells, innate lymphocytes known to be involved in tissue repair, as potential cellular components of the osteoimmune system's response to an in vivo model of bone injury. The absence of such cells or their effector cytokines influences the fate of other responder cells in proliferation, differentiation, matrix production, and ultimate callus formation.
   Methods. Tibia fractures were created in 60 gamma/delta T cell-deficient mice (also called 5 T cell receptor [TCR]-knockout mice) and 60 control C57BL/6 mice. Analysis included radiographs, basic histology, mechanical testing, now cytometry, and immunohistochemical localization of gamma/delta TCR-positive subsets from control animals and of CD44 expression from both groups, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the effector cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), and IL-6.
   Results. Animals deficient in gamma/delta T cells demonstrated more mature histologic elements and quantitative increases in the expression of major bone (bone sialoprotein) and cartilage (type II collagen) matrix proteins and in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 at a critical reparative phase. Moreover, only gamma/delta T cell-deficient animals had a decrease in the osteoprogenitor antiproliferative cytokines IL-6 and IFN gamma at the reparative phase. The result was improved stability at the repair site and an overall superior biomechanical strength in gamma/delta T cell-deficient mice compared with controls.
   Conclusion. The evidence for a role of gamma/delta T cells in the context of skeletal injury demonstrates the importance of the immune system's effect on bone biology, which is relevant to the field of osteoimmunology, and offers a potential molecular platform from which to develop essential therapeutic strategies.
C1 [Colburn, Nona T.; Zaal, Kristien J. M.; Tuan, Rocky S.] NIAMSD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   [Wang, Francis] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Colburn, NT (reprint author), NIAMSD, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 10,Room 10C-212, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM ColburnN@mail.nih.gov
FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
   [Z01-AR-41131]; National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX Supported by the NIH (grant Z01-AR-41131 from the Intramural Research
   Program of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and
   Skin Diseases) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology
   (official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and
   Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States).
NR 56
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0004-3591
J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM
JI Arthritis Rheum.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 60
IS 6
BP 1694
EP 1703
DI 10.1002/art.24520
PG 10
WC Rheumatology
SC Rheumatology
GA 459PV
UT WOS:000267116800019
PM 19479830
ER

PT J
AU Henkel, C
   Menten, KM
   Murphy, MT
   Jethava, N
   Flambaum, VV
   Braatz, JA
   Muller, S
   Ott, J
   Mao, RQ
AF Henkel, C.
   Menten, K. M.
   Murphy, M. T.
   Jethava, N.
   Flambaum, V. V.
   Braatz, J. A.
   Muller, S.
   Ott, J.
   Mao, R. Q.
TI The density, the cosmic microwave background, and the proton-to-electron
   mass ratio in a cloud at redshift 0.9
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: individual: PKS 1830-211;
   gravitational lensing; radio lines: galaxies; elementary particles
ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; GRAVITATIONAL LENS B0218+357; EINSTEIN RING
   PKS-1830-211; RADIO-SOURCE PKS1830-211; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS;
   MOLECULAR ABSORPTION; PKS 1830-211; RADIATION TEMPERATURE; FUNDAMENTAL
   CONSTANTS; PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
AB Based on measurements with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope, a multi-line study of molecular species is presented toward the gravitational lens system PKS 1830-211, which is by far the best known target to study dense cool gas in absorption at intermediate redshift. Determining average radial velocities and performing Large Velocity Gradient radiative transfer calculations, the aims of this study are (1) to determine the density of the gas, (2) to constrain the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), and (3) to evaluate the proton-to-electron mass ratio at redshift z similar to 0.89. Analyzing data from six rotational HC3N transitions (this includes the J = 7 <- 6 line, which is likely detected for the first time in the interstellar medium) we obtain n(H-2) similar to 2600 cm(-3) for the gas density of the south-western absorption component, assuming a background source covering factor, which is independent of frequency. With a possibly more realistic frequency dependence proportional to nu(0.5) (the maximal exponent permitted by observational boundary conditions), n(H-2) similar to 1700 cm(-3). Again toward the south-western source, excitation temperatures of molecular species with optically thin lines and higher rotational constants are, on average, consistent with the expected temperature of the cosmic microwave background, T-CMB = 5.14 K. However, individually, there is a surprisingly large scatter which far surpasses expected uncertainties. A comparison of CS J = 1 <- 0 and 4 <- 3 optical depths toward the weaker north-western absorption component results in T-ex = 11 K and a 1-sigma error of 3 K. For the main component, a comparison of velocities determined from ten optically thin NH3 inversion lines with those from five optically thin rotational transitions of HC3N, observed at similar frequencies, constrains potential variations of the proton-to-electron mass ratio mu to Delta mu/mu < 1.4 x 10(-6) with 3-sigma confidence. Also including optically thin rotational lines from other molecular species, it is emphasized that systematic errors are Delta V < 1 km s(-1), corresponding to Delta mu/mu < 1.0 x 10(-6).
C1 [Henkel, C.; Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
   [Murphy, M. T.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia.
   [Jethava, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
   [Braatz, J. A.; Ott, J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
   [Muller, S.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
   [Muller, S.] Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden.
   [Ott, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Mao, R. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China.
RP Henkel, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
EM chenkel@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de
RI Murphy, Michael/B-8832-2008; 
OI Murphy, Michael/0000-0002-7040-5498; /0000-0002-9931-1313
FU Australian Research Council [DP0877998]
FX It is a pleasure to thank J.N. Chengalur, S. Thorwirth, and C. M.
   Walmsley for useful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript.
   M. T. M. thanks the Australian Research Council for a QEII Fellowship
   (DP0877998). We used NASA's Astrophysical Data System (ADS), the Cologne
   Database for Molecular Spectroscopy (CDMS; see Muller et al. 2001,
   2005), the JPL Catalog
   (http://spec.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/pub/catalog/catform.html), and the line
   lists of Lovas (1992) and Coudert & Roue. (2006).
NR 86
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 0
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
EI 1432-0746
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 500
IS 2
BP 725
EP 734
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200811475
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 462OC
UT WOS:000267363100020
ER

PT J
AU Saikawa, E
   Naik, V
   Horowitz, LW
   Liu, JF
   Mauzerall, DL
AF Saikawa, Eri
   Naik, Vaishali
   Horowitz, Larry W.
   Liu, Junfeng
   Mauzerall, Denise L.
TI Present and potential future contributions of sulfate, black and organic
   carbon aerosols from China to global air quality, premature mortality
   and, radiative forcing
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerosols; China; Air pollution; Premature mortality; Health; Radiative
   forcing
ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; POLLUTION; ENVIRONMENT; INVENTORY
AB Aerosols are harmful to human health and have both direct and indirect effects on climate. China is a major contributor to global emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a sulfate (SO42-) precursor, organic carbon (OC), and black carbon (BC) aerosols. Although increasingly examined, the effect of present and potential future levels of these emissions on global premature mortality and climate change has not been well quantified. Through both direct radiative effects and indirect effects on clouds, SO42- and OC exert negative radiative forcing (cooling) while BC exerts positive forcing (warming). We analyze the effect of China's emissions Of SO2, 4 OC and BC in 2000 and for three emission scenarios in 2030 on global surface aerosol concentrations, premature mortality, and radiative forcing (RF). Using global models of chemical transport (MOZART-2) and radiative transfer (GFDL RTM), and combining simulation results with gridded population data, mortality rates, and concentration-response relationships from the epidemiological literature, we estimate the contribution of Chinese aerosols to global annual premature mortality and to RF in 2000 and 2030. In 2000, we estimate these aerosols cause approximately 470 000 premature deaths in China and an additional 30000 deaths globally. In 2030, aggressive emission controls lead to a 50% reduction in premature deaths from the 2000 level to 240 000 in China and 10 000 elsewhere, while under a high emissions scenario premature deaths increase 50% from the 2000 level to 720 000 in China and to 40 000 elsewhere. Because the negative RF from SO42- and OC is larger than the positive forcing from BC, Chinese aerosols lead to global net direct RF of -74 mW m(-2) in 2000 and between -15 and -97 mW m(-2) in 2030 depending on the emissions scenario. Our analysis indicates that increased effort to reduce greenhouse gases is essential to address climate change as China's anticipated reduction of aerosols will result in the loss of net negative radiative forcing. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Saikawa, Eri; Naik, Vaishali; Liu, Junfeng; Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Horowitz, Larry W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Mauzerall, DL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM mauzeral@princeton.edu
RI Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik,
   Vaishali/A-4938-2013; 
OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz,
   Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Saikawa,
   Eri/0000-0003-3166-8620
NR 40
TC 51
Z9 54
U1 1
U2 45
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 17
BP 2814
EP 2822
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.017
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 452GX
UT WOS:000266529400017
ER

PT J
AU Myles, L
   Dobosy, RJ
   Meyers, TP
   Pendergrass, WR
AF Myles, LaToya
   Dobosy, Ronald J.
   Meyers, Tilden P.
   Pendergrass, William R.
TI Spatial variability of sulfur dioxide and sulfate over complex terrain
   in East Tennessee, USA
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE ETOS; Sulfur dioxide; Sulfate; Pollution roses
ID FINE PARTICLES; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; AMMONIA
AB In 2004 and 2005, the East Tennessee Ozone Study (ETOS) enhanced its regional measurement program with annular denuder systems to quantify sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and PM(2.5) sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) at five sampling sites that were representative of the complex terrain and physiographic features of East Tennessee. Intersite spatial variability was more defined for SO(2) than for SO(4)(2-), which showed a fairly uniform structure in both daytime and nighttime measurements. Pollution roses indicated that two sites may have been influenced by the proximity Of SO(2) emission sources. The data suggest that SO(2) is affected by nearby sources in the study area while the sources of SO(4)(2-) are regionally distributed. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Myles, LaToya; Dobosy, Ronald J.; Meyers, Tilden P.; Pendergrass, William R.] NOAA ARL ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Myles, L (reprint author), NOAA ARL ATDD, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM latoya.myles@noaa.gov
RI Myles, LaToya/Q-2470-2015; Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016; Meyers,
   Tilden/C-6633-2016; Pendergrass, William/C-9073-2016
OI Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774; 
FU NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
FX The East Tennessee Ozone Study has been funded for multiple years by the
   NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR). This work is a
   contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program.
NR 13
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 18
BP 3024
EP 3028
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.007
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 452BZ
UT WOS:000266515900021
ER

PT J
AU Fairlie, TD
   Szykman, J
   Gilliland, A
   Pierce, RB
   Kittaka, C
   Weber, S
   Engel-Cox, J
   Rogers, RR
   Tikvart, J
   Scheffe, R
   Dimmick, F
AF Fairlie, T. Duncan
   Szykman, James
   Gilliland, Alice
   Pierce, R. Bradley
   Kittaka, Chieko
   Weber, Stephanie
   Engel-Cox, Jill
   Rogers, Raymond R.
   Tikvart, Joe
   Scheffe, Rich
   Dimmick, Fred
TI Lagrangian sampling of 3-D air quality model results for regional
   transport contributions to sulfate aerosol concentrations at Baltimore,
   MD, in summer 2004
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Air quality; Source apportionment modeling; CAIR; CMAQ; Satellite;
   MODIS; Sulfate; Particulate matter
ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL DEPTH; TRENDS;
   VALIDATION; OZONE
AB We use ensemble-mean Lagrangian sampling of a 3-D Eulerian air quality model, CMAQ together with ground-based ambient monitors data from several air monitoring networks and satellite (MODIS) observations to provide source apportionment and regional transport vs. local contributions to sulfate aerosol and PM2.5 concentrations at Baltimore, MD, for summer 2004. The Lagrangian method provides estimates of the chemical and physical evolution of air arriving in the daytime boundary layer at Baltimore. Study results indicate a dominant role for regional transport contributions on those days when sulfate air pollution is highest in Baltimore, with a principal transport pathway from the Ohio River Valley (ORV) through southern Pennsylvania and Maryland, consistent with earlier studies. Thus, reductions in sulfur emissions from the ORV under the EPA's Clean Air Interstate Rule may be expected to improve particulate air quality in Baltimore during summer. The Lagrangian sampling of CMAQ offers an inexpensive and complimentary approach to traditional methods of source apportionment based on multivariate observational data analysis, and air quality model emissions separation. This study serves as a prototype for the method applied to Baltimore. EPA is establishing a system to allow air quality planners to readily produce and access equivalent results for locations of their choice. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Fairlie, T. Duncan] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   [Szykman, James; Gilliland, Alice; Dimmick, Fred] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   [Pierce, R. Bradley] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Kittaka, Chieko; Rogers, Raymond R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
   [Weber, Stephanie] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
   [Engel-Cox, Jill] Battelle Mem Inst, Arlington, VA 22201 USA.
   [Tikvart, Joe; Scheffe, Rich] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Fairlie, TD (reprint author), US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM t.d.fairlie@larc.nasa.gov
RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014
OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; 
FU NASA Applied Sciences Program; EPA
FX We wish to thank Tanya Otte, Alfreida Torian, and colleagues at Research
   Triangle Park for providing the CMAQ model and MCIP meteorological
   fields used in this study. We thank CIMSS, University of Wisconsin, for
   use of the MODIS data. We thank the AERONET and IMPROVE science teams
   for use of their data. We thank Ray Hoff (UMBQ for use of the ELF data.
   Thanks to Matt Seybold (NOAA NESDIS), Mike Woodman (Maryland Department
   of Environment), and to Susan Wierman (Mid-Atlantic Regional Management
   Association - MARAMA) for reviews on this work. Thanks to Jeff Stehr
   (University of Maryland), and Dev Roy (US EPA) for their technical input
   and discussions, and to the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for
   their comments and suggestions. We thank Lawrence Friedl and Doreen Neil
   for supporting this work through the NASA Applied Sciences Program.
   Additional support was provided by EPA through the EPA Global Earth
   Observation (GEO) Advance Monitoring Initiative (AMI). The views
   expressed and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors
   and should not be construed as official NASA, EPA, NOAA, or U.S.
   Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 39
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 20
BP 3275
EP 3288
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.026
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 459PY
UT WOS:000267117100015
ER

PT J
AU Arifuzzaman, S
   Ozcam, AE
   Efimenko, K
   Fischer, DA
   Genzer, J
AF Arifuzzaman, Shafi
   Oezcam, Ali E.
   Efimenko, Kirill
   Fischer, Daniel A.
   Genzer, Jan
TI Formation of surface-grafted polymeric amphiphilic coatings comprising
   ethylene glycol and fluorinated groups and their response to protein
   adsorption
SO BIOINTERPHASES
LA English
DT Article
DE adsorption; atomic force microscopy; biomedical materials; contact
   angle; ellipsometry; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; infrared spectra;
   polymer blends; polymer films; polymerisation; proteins; surface
   chemistry; X-ray absorption
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; INITIATED POLY(HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE);
   HYPERBRANCHED FLUOROPOLYMER; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SIDE-CHAINS; FILMS; ATRP;
   FIBRINOGEN; BRUSHES; MODEL
AB Amphiphilic polymer coatings were prepared by first generating surface-anchored polymer layers of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) on top of flat solid substrates followed by postpolymerization reaction on the hydroxyl terminus of HEMA's pendent group using three classes of fluorinating agents, including organosilanes, acylchlorides, and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). The distribution of the fluorinated groups inside the polymer brushes was assessed by means of a suite of analytical probes, including contact angle, ellipsometry, infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. While organosilane modifiers were found to reside primarily close to the tip of the brush, acylchlorides penetrated deep inside PHEMA thus forming random copolymers P(HEMA-co-fHEMA). The reaction of TFAA with the PHEMA brush led to the formation of amphiphilic diblocks, PHEMA-b-P(HEMA-co-fHEMA), whose bottom block comprised unmodified PHEMA and the top block was made of P(HEMA-co-fHEMA) rich in the fluorinated segments. This distribution of the fluorinated groups endowed PHEMA-b-P(HEMA-co-fHEMA) with responsive properties; while in hydrophobic environment P(HEMA-co-fHEMA) segregated to the surface, when in contact with a hydrophilic medium, PHEMA partitioned at the brush surface. The surface activity of the amphiphilic coatings was tested by studying the adsorption of fibrinogen (FIB). While some FIB adsorption occurred on most coatings, the ones made by TFAA modification of PHEMA remained relatively free of FIB.
C1 [Arifuzzaman, Shafi; Oezcam, Ali E.; Efimenko, Kirill; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Arifuzzaman, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM jan_genzer@ncsu.edu
NR 50
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 41
PU AVS
PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, 100 PARK DR, STE 105, CALLER BOX 13994, RESEARCH
   TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA
SN 1559-4106
J9 BIOINTERPHASES
JI Biointerphases
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 4
IS 2
BP FA33
EP FA44
DI 10.1116/1.3114502
PG 12
WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Biophysics; Materials Science
GA 457ZC
UT WOS:000266976300005
PM 20408715
ER

PT J
AU Dorsey, SM
   Lin-Gibson, S
   Simon, CG
AF Dorsey, Shauna M.
   Lin-Gibson, Sheng
   Simon, Carl G., Jr.
TI X-ray microcomputed tomography for the measurement of cell adhesion and
   proliferation in polymer scaffolds
SO BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE 3D imaging; Cell adhesion; Cell proliferation; Polymer scaffold;
   Salt-leaching; X-ray microcomputed tomography
ID TISSUE ENGINEERING SCAFFOLDS; OPTIMIZATION; ASSAY; LINE
AB We have explored the use of X-ray microcomputed tomography (mu CT) for assessing cell adhesion and proliferation in polymer scaffolds. Common methods for examining cells in scaffolds include fluorescence microscopy and soluble assays for cell components such as enzymes, protein or DNA. Fluorescence microscopy is generally qualitative and cannot visualize the scaffold interior. Soluble assays quantitatively measure cell number but do not yield information on cell spatial distribution. Herein, the ability of mu CT to detect cells in scaffolds was compared with fluorescence microscopy and a soluble DNA assay. Comparisons were performed using polymer scaffolds that were seeded with cells at different densities and cultured for different times. The results showed that fluorescence microscopy had better resolution than mu CT and that the soluble DNA assay was approximately 5x more sensitive than mu CT under the conditions tested. However, mu CT was able to image through opaque scaffolds to yield quantitative 3D imaging and analysis via a single, non-invasive modality. Quantitative mu CT analysis of cell penetration into scaffolds was demonstrated. Further, quantitative mu CT volume analysis required that the cell density in the scaffolds be greater than 1 million cells per mL indicating that mu CT is best suited for quantifying cells at relatively high density during culture in scaffolds. In sum, the results demonstrate the benefits and limitations of using mu CT for 3D imaging and analysis of cell adhesion and proliferation in polymer scaffolds. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Dorsey, Shauna M.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Simon, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM carl.simon@nist.gov
FU NIST-NSF; NIST; NIH/NIBIB [R21 EB006497-01]
FX We acknowledge valuable contributions from Jirun Sun, Nancy Lin, Diana
   Zeiger, Yanyin Yang (all from NIST) and Morgan Alexander (University of
   Nottingham). S.M.D. acknowledges support from the NIST-NSF summer
   undergraduate research fellowship (SURF). This work was supported by
   NIST and by NIH/NIBIB R21 EB006497-01. Standard deviation (S.D.) is the
   same as the combined standard uncertainty for the purposes of this work.
   The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not
   necessarily represent the official views of the NIH, NIBIB or NIST. This
   article, a contribution of NIST, is not subject to U.S. copyright.
   Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the
   paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such
   identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply
   the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 24
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9612
J9 BIOMATERIALS
JI Biomaterials
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 30
IS 16
BP 2967
EP 2974
DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.02.032
PG 8
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 446UY
UT WOS:000266148100001
PM 19286251
ER

PT J
AU Wang, WG
AF Wang, Weiguo
TI The Influence of Thermally-Induced Mesoscale Circulations on Turbulence
   Statistics Over an Idealized Urban Area Under a Zero Background Wind
SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Isolated urban area; Large-eddy simulation; Mixed layer;
   Thermally-induced mesoscale circulation; Urban boundary layer
ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; VERTICAL-VELOCITY
   SKEWNESS; ORGANIZED STRUCTURES; MIXING-HEIGHT; LAND-SURFACE; FLUXES;
   MODEL; FLOW; ATMOSPHERE
AB The influence of mesoscale circulations induced by urban-rural differential surface sensible heat flux and roughness on convective boundary-layer (CBL) flow statistics over an isolated urban area has been examined using large-eddy simulation (LES). Results are analyzed when the circulations influence the entire urban area under a zero background wind. For comparison, the CBL flow over an infinite urban area with identical urban surface characteristics under the same background meteorological conditions is generated as a control case (without circulations). The turbulent flow over the isolated urban area exhibits a mix of streaky structure and cellular pattern, while the cellular pattern dominates in the control case. The mixed-layer height varies significantly over the isolated urban area, and can be lower near the edge of the urban area than over the rural area. The vertical profiles of turbulence statistics over the isolated urban area vary horizontally and are dramatically different from the control case. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) sources include wind shear, convergence, and buoyancy productions, compared to only buoyancy production in the control case. The normalized vertical velocity variance is reduced compared to the control case except in the central urban area where it is little affected. The low-level flow convergence is mainly responsible for the enhanced horizontal velocity variance in the central urban area, while wind shear is responsible for the additional local maximum of the horizontal velocity variance near the middle of the CBL outside the central area. Parameterizations in the prognostic equation for TKE used in mesoscale models are evaluated against the LES results over the isolated urban area. We also discuss conditions under which the urban-induced circulations occur and when they may affect the entire urban area. Given that urban-induced circulations can influence the entire urban area within hours for an urban area of a realistic size, it is inappropriate to directly apply empirical relations of turbulence statistics derived under horizontally-homogenous flow conditions to an urban area.
C1 NOAA, EMC, IMSG Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Wang, WG (reprint author), NOAA, EMC, IMSG Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Rm 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM wang_wg@yahoo.com
RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009
NR 41
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8314
J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL
JI Bound.-Layer Meteor.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 131
IS 3
BP 403
EP 423
DI 10.1007/s10546-009-9378-2
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 442HD
UT WOS:000265831400005
ER

PT J
AU Demargne, J
   Mullusky, M
   Werner, K
   Adams, T
   Lindsey, S
   Schwein, N
   Marosi, W
   Welles, E
AF Demargne, Julie
   Mullusky, Mary
   Werner, Kevin
   Adams, Thomas
   Lindsey, Scott
   Schwein, Noreen
   Marosi, William
   Welles, Edwin
TI Application of Forecast Verification Science to Operational River
   Forecasting in the US National Weather Service
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB Forecast verification in operational hydrology has been very limited to date, mainly due to the complexity of verifying both forcing input forecasts and hydrologic forecasts on multiple space-time scales. However, forecast verification needs to be the driver in both hydrologic research and operations to help advance the understanding of predictability and help the diverse users better utilize the river forecasts. Therefore, in NOAA's National Weather Service, the Hydrologic Services Program is developing a comprehensive river forecast verification service to routinely and systematically verify all hydrometeorological and hydrologic forecasts. This verification service will include capabilities for archiving forecast and observed data, evaluating logistical properties of the forecast services, computing a variety of verification metrics to evaluate the different aspects of forecast quality, displaying and disseminating verification data and metrics, and analyzing the sources of forecast skill and uncertainty through the use of multiple forecast and hindcast scenarios. This paper describes ongoing and planned verification activities for enhancing the collaboration between the meteorological and hydrologic research and operational communities to quantify forecast improvements based on rigorous forecast verification.
C1 [Demargne, Julie] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Demargne, Julie] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Mullusky, Mary] NOAA, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Werner, Kevin] NOAA, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   [Adams, Thomas] NOAA, Ohio River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Wilmington, OH USA.
   [Lindsey, Scott] NOAA, Alaska Pacific River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK USA.
   [Schwein, Noreen] NOAA, Cent Reg Headquarters, Natl Weather Serv, Kansas City, MO USA.
   [Marosi, William] NOAA, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, State Coll, PA USA.
   [Welles, Edwin] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Demargne, J (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 EW Highway,Bldg SSMC 2, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Julie.Demargne@noaa.gov
NR 10
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 6
BP 779
EP 784
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2619.1
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 476VE
UT WOS:000268473500002
ER

PT J
AU Pandya, RE
   Smith, DR
   Charlevoix, DJ
   Hart, W
   Hayes, MJ
   Murillo, ST
   Murphy, KA
   Stanitski, DM
   Whittaker, TM
AF Pandya, Rajul E.
   Smith, David R.
   Charlevoix, Donna J.
   Hart, Wayne
   Hayes, Marianne J.
   Murillo, Shirley T.
   Murphy, Kathleen A.
   Stanitski, Diane M.
   Whittaker, Thomas M.
TI A SUMMARY OF THE 16TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Pandya, Rajul E.] UCAR SOARS Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Smith, David R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.
   [Charlevoix, Donna J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Hart, Wayne] WHT TV, Evansville, IN USA.
   [Hayes, Marianne J.] Fairfax Cty Publ Sch, Springfield, VA USA.
   [Murillo, Shirley T.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Murphy, Kathleen A.] Ladue Sch Dist, St Louis, MO USA.
   [Stanitski, Diane M.] Geocation LLC, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Whittaker, Thomas M.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA.
RP Pandya, RE (reprint author), UCAR SOARS Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM pandya@ucar.edu
RI Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014
OI Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 6
BP 861
EP 865
DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2510.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 476VE
UT WOS:000268473500009
ER

PT J
AU Kotwicki, S
   Robertis, A
   von Szalay, P
   Towler, R
AF Kotwicki, Stan
   De Robertis, Alex
   von Szalay, Paul
   Towler, Rick
TI The effect of light intensity on the availability of walleye pollock
   (Theragra chalcogramma) to bottom trawl and acoustic surveys
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; EASTERN BERING-SEA; FISH DISTRIBUTION; DEMERSAL
   FISH; CATCH RATES; BARENTS SEA; NORTH-SEA; ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR;
   TEMPERATURE
AB Quantitative assessment of semidemersal fish such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is difficult because the proportion of walleye pollock available to standardized surveys varies temporally and spatially. The US National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center conducts bottom trawl (BT) surveys to estimate the demersal portion of the walleye pollock population and acoustic trawl (AT) surveys to estimate the pelagic portion. Both surveys are conducted during daylight hours to minimize variability due to diel changes in vertical distribution. To test if daytime near-bottom light intensity affects the proportion of walleye pollock available to the BT survey, we concurrently measured light and walleye pollock abundance on the Bering Sea shelf. Logistic regression models demonstrated that both light and depth affected walleye pollock abundance estimates by either BT or AT surveys, with more walleye pollock available to the BT survey under high illumination and at shallow depths and less walleye pollock available to the AT survey under these conditions. This finding suggests that daytime survey catchability for walleye pollock depends on depth and light intensity and that incorporation of light measurements could improve the precision of abundance estimates of semidemersal species such as walleye pollock.
C1 [Kotwicki, Stan; De Robertis, Alex; von Szalay, Paul; Towler, Rick] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Kotwicki, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM stan.kotwicki@noaa.gov
RI Kotwicki, Stan/C-3599-2009
FU NOAA's; AFSC; Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group
FX Foremost, we thank all people from the AFSC who helped in our data
   collection. We thank Lyle Britt and Ellis R. Loew for assessing the
   usefulness of the MK-9 sensors and for building a calibrator, which we
   used for monitoring the accuracy of our sensors. We also thank Rich
   Titgen and Cliff Ryer for calibrating the MK-9s and for technical
   support and discussions, Dave Somerton for continuous support and
   advice, Craig Rose for lending us two light meters in the first year of
   this study, Kazimierz Dymowski for help in manufacturing device
   housings, Paul Walline and Steve Syrjala for statistical discussions,
   Dionne Andersen for help in data processing, and all the reviewers of
   the previous versions of this manuscript. We also thank NOAA's AFSC and
   Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group for financing our project.
   Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National
   Marine Fishery Service, NOAA.
NR 55
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 6
BP 983
EP 994
DI 10.1139/F09-055
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 469CU
UT WOS:000267873800010
ER

PT J
AU Larese, JP
   Chivers, SJ
AF Larese, Jason P.
   Chivers, Susan J.
TI Growth and reproduction of female eastern and whitebelly spinner
   dolphins incidentally killed in the eastern tropical Pacific tuna
   purse-seine fishery
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS;
   GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; OFFSHORE WATERS; POPULATION-SIZE; COMMON DOLPHIN;
   OCEAN; ATTENUATA; PORPOISE
AB Life-history parameters are estimated for two forms of the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828)): the eastern subspecies (Stenella longirostris orientalis Perrin, 1990) and the whitebelly hybrid. The data analyzed (n = 3138 eastern and 3099 whitebelly spinner dolphins) were collected between 1968 and 1994 from female dolphins incidentally killed in the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)) purse-seine fishery that operates in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Eastern spinner dolphins averaged 79.7 cm at birth, 121.5 cm at 1 year, and 171.5 cm at asymptotic length, and had a mean annual pregnancy rate of 0.351 and a calving interval of 2.84 years. Whitebelly spinner dolphins averaged 80.2 cm at birth, 122.5 cm at 1 year, and 177.1 cm at asymptotic length, and had a mean annual pregnancy rate of 0.329 and calving interval of 3.04 years. The mean age at attainment of sexual maturity was estimated to be 8.7 and 8.4 years for eastern and whitebelly spinner dolphins, respectively, which are 3.2 and 1.7 years older than those previously published. This difference indicates that the mean reproductive output during a female's life is lower than previously expected and likely translates into lower population growth rates.
C1 [Larese, Jason P.; Chivers, Susan J.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Chivers, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM susan.chivers@noaa.gov
NR 63
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 14
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 87
IS 6
BP 537
EP 552
DI 10.1139/Z09-038
PG 16
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 459BS
UT WOS:000267075500009
ER

PT J
AU Moss, S
   Keller, JM
   Richards, S
   Wilson, TP
AF Moss, Stefan
   Keller, Jennifer M.
   Richards, Sean
   Wilson, Thomas P.
TI Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in plasma from two
   species of turtle from the Tennessee River Gorge
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE Reptile; Organochlorine; Brominated flame retardant; Chelonians;
   American rivers
ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; GREAT-LAKES BASIN; ORGANOCHLORINE
   PESTICIDES; SNAPPING TURTLES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS;
   CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; SEX DETERMINATION; FLAME RETARDANTS; MARINE
   TURTLES; COMMON CARP
AB Persistent organic Pollutants (POPs) are characterized by their resistance to degradation, biomagnification, global transport. and adverse toxicological effects. The goal of this study was to determine baseline concentrations of several classes of POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in two turtle species, the Cumberland slider (Trachemys scripta troosti) and the common musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) from the Tennessee River Gorge. Plasma samples from five male and five female adults of each species were analyzed for concentrations of 83 PCB congeners, six DDT compounds, four toxaphene congeners, 18 additional pesticides, pentachlorobenzene, octachlorostyrene, and 28 PBDE congeners using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In both species, total PCBs were the predominant contaminant class, at approximately 10-fold higher concentration than p,p'-DDE, total PBDEs, and total chlordanes. Mirex, dieldrin and one toxaphene congener (Parlar 50) were also detected at even lower concentrations. The female turtles had lower concentrations of some contaminants (PCB 153 + 132. oxychlordane, mirex. PBDE 153, PBDE 154, Sigma PBDEs) than males, suggesting maternal transfer to eggs. Cumberland sliders had lower concentrations of PCB 138, p,p'-DDE, Sigma DDTs, oxychlordane, PBDE 47, and PBDE 99 than musk turtles. The turtles had a unique PBDE pattern with PBDE 100 predominating. The POP concentrations were lower than those measured previously in other reptiles from contaminated sites where endocrine disruption has been observed. One exception was a female musk turtle with 29.9 ng g(-1) p,p'-DDE (wet mass basis), which is greater than the concentrations measured in reptiles with evidence of endocrine disruption. Additional monitoring and research is necessary to determine if other species or age classes in this turtle assemblage might be at higher risk of POP accumulation, as well as to assess the potential risk of these concentrations on their health and reproduction. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Moss, Stefan; Richards, Sean; Wilson, Thomas P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA.
   [Keller, Jennifer M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Wilson, Thomas P.] Tennessee Aquarium Res Inst, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA.
RP Wilson, TP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA.
EM Thomas-wilson@utc.edu
FU Lupton Renaissance Gift Fund [UCFRF-R040152003]; NIST; Institutional
   Review Board [UTC IRB 05-267]; IACUC [1205TPW-01, 0506TPW-02]; Tennessee
   Wildlife Resource Agency [TWRA 1534, 3082]
FX We would like to thank the following individuals for reviewing this
   manuscript Drs. Karen Adsit, John Tucker, Mark Schorr, and John
   Kucklick. Additionally, we would like to thank those involved with the
   collection of field data, especially Dr. Wilson's Turtle crew, Chris
   Manis, Robert Minton, Dave Collins, Tim Schmeidhausen, Dr. Chris Keller,
   Dr. Mark Schorr, Jack Pickett, Kim Brown, and Steve Price. We thank Dr.
   Mark Schorr for statistical advice and support. Research was funded by
   the Lupton Renaissance Gift Fund (UCFRF-R040152003) under direction of
   Dr. Thomas P. Wilson and assistance in-kind was provided by NIST for
   contaminant analysis. All work was conducted under the following
   permits/approvals: Institutional Review Board (UTC IRB# 05-267), IACUC
   (1205TPW-01, 0506TPW-02) and Tennessee Wildlife Resource Agency (TWRA #
   1534 and 3082 issued to Dr. Thomas P. Wilson). Lastly, we thank Dave
   Collins of the Tennessee Aquarium, George Benz and Paul Johnson of the
   Tennessee Aquarium Research Institute (TNARI), Charles Nelson and John
   Sharer of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Department of
   Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Jim Brown of the Tennessee
   River Gorge Trust for support.
NR 52
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 76
IS 2
BP 194
EP 204
DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.054
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 460AJ
UT WOS:000267155600007
PM 19406450
ER

PT J
AU Liang, JY
   Yang, S
   Hu, ZZ
   Huang, BH
   Kumar, A
   Zhang, ZQ
AF Liang, Jianyin
   Yang, Song
   Hu, Zeng-Zhen
   Huang, Bohua
   Kumar, Arun
   Zhang, Zuqiang
TI Predictable patterns of the Asian and Indo-Pacific summer precipitation
   in the NCEP CFS
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Asian monsoon; Predictable patterns; NCEP climate forecast system
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; MONSOON; ENSO;
   CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; MODEL; INITIALIZATION; TELECONNECTION
AB The predictable patterns of the Asian and Indo-Pacific summer precipitation in the NCEP climate forecast system (CFS) are depicted by applying a maximized signal-to-noise empirical orthogonal function analysis. The CFS captures the two most dominant modes of observed climate patterns. The first most dominant mode is characterized by the climate features of the onset years of El NiA +/- o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with strong precipitation signals over the tropical eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, Southeast Asia, and tropical Asian monsoon regions including the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea. The second most dominant mode is characterized by the climate features of the decay years of ENSO, with weakening signals over the western-central Pacific and strengthening signals over the Indian Ocean. The CFS is capable of predicting the most dominant modes several months in advance. It is also highly skillful in capturing the air-sea interaction processes associated with the precipitation features, as demonstrated in sea surface temperature and wind patterns.
C1 [Yang, Song; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Liang, Jianyin] CMA Inst Trop & Marine Meteorol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Zeng-Zhen] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA.
   [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Dept Climate Dynam, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
   [Zhang, Zuqiang] CMA Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM song.yang@noaa.gov
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011
OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400
FU U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; China
   Meteorological Administration; NOAA [NA04OAR4310115]
FX Jianyin Liang and Zuqiang Zhang, partially supported by the U. S.
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the China
   Meteorological Administration bilateral program on climate and monsoons,
   thanks to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) for hosting their
   visits while this study was conducted. Drs. Wanqiu Wang and Qin Zhang of
   CPC provided constructive comments on an earlier version of the
   manuscript. Zeng-Zhen Hu and Bohua Huang were supported by NOAA grant
   NA04OAR4310115.
NR 38
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 32
IS 7-8
BP 989
EP 1001
DI 10.1007/s00382-008-0420-8
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 435ZN
UT WOS:000265382500005
ER

PT J
AU Camara, JE
   Phinney, KW
AF Camara, J. E.
   Phinney, K. W.
TI Development of a Reference Method for B6 Vitamer Pyridoxal 5 '-Phosphate
   in Serum Using Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass
   Spectrometry
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry
CY JUL 19-23, 2009
CL Chicago, IL
SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem
C1 [Camara, J. E.; Phinney, K. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 55
IS 6
BP A230
EP A231
PG 2
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA 456ZZ
UT WOS:000266895401295
ER

PT J
AU Kilpatrick, EL
   Liao, W
   Turko, IV
   Camara, JE
   Dodder, NG
   Bunk, DM
AF Kilpatrick, E. L.
   Liao, W.
   Turko, I. V.
   Camara, J. E.
   Dodder, N. G.
   Bunk, D. M.
TI Quantification of C-reactive protein in human serum with affinity
   purification and isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry
CY JUL 19-23, 2009
CL Chicago, IL
SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem
C1 [Kilpatrick, E. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston, SC USA.
   [Liao, W.; Turko, I. V.; Camara, J. E.; Dodder, N. G.; Bunk, D. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015
OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 55
IS 6
BP A205
EP A206
PG 2
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA 456ZZ
UT WOS:000266895401224
ER

PT J
AU Kessel, ST
   Gruber, SH
   Gedamke, T
   Perkins, RG
AF Kessel, Steven T.
   Gruber, Samuel H.
   Gedamke, Todd
   Perkins, Rupert G.
TI Seasonal residency and migration of mature lemon sharks (Negaprion
   brevirostris) off the southeast Florida Coast
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE
   PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Experimental-Biology
CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009
CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND
SP Soc Expt Biol
C1 [Kessel, Steven T.] Cardiff Univ, Bimini Biol Field Stn, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
   [Gedamke, Todd] NOAA, Washington, DC USA.
EM steven_kessel@hotmail.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1095-6433
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 153A
IS 2
BP S66
EP S66
DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.010
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology
GA 464QM
UT WOS:000267520700063
ER

PT J
AU Fischer, CF
   Zatsarinny, O
AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese
   Zatsarinny, Oleg
TI A B-spline Galerkin method for the Dirac equation
SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE B-splines; Coulomb wavefunctions; Dirac equation; R-matrix
ID CROSS-SECTION; PHOTODETACHMENT; PHYSICS; SETS
AB The B-spline Galerkin method is first investigated for the simple eigenvalue problem, y '' = -lambda(2)y, that can also be written as a pair of first-order equations y' = lambda z, z' = -lambda y. Expanding both y(r) and z(r) in the B(k) basis results in many spurious solutions such as those observed for the Dirac equation. However, when y(r) is expanded in the B(k) basis and z(r) in the dB(k)/dr basis, solutions of the well-behaved second-order differential equation are obtained. From this analysis, we propose a stable method (B(k), B(k +/- 1)) basis for the Dirac equation and evaluate its accuracy by comparing the computed and exact R-matrix for a wide range of nuclear charges Z and angular quantum numbers K. When splines of the same order are used, many Spurious solutions are found whereas none are found for splines of different order. Excellent agreement is obtained for the R-matrix and energies for bound states for low values of Z. For high Z, accuracy requires the use of a grid with many points near the nucleus. We demonstrate the accuracy of the bound-state wavefunctions by comparing integrals arising in hyperfine interaction matrix elements with exact analytic expressions. We also show that the Thomas-Reiche-Ktlhn sure rule is not a good measure of the quality of the solutions obtained by the B-spline Galerkin method whereas the R-matrix is very sensitive to the appearance of pseudo-states. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fischer, Charlotte Froese] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Zatsarinny, Oleg] Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA.
RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Charlotte.Fischer@nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation [PHY-555226]
FX The authors are most grateful to P. Mohr for providing the reference to
   exact analytic expressions for integrals related to hyperfine
   interaction matrix elements for Dirac Coulomb wavefunctions. The work of
   O.Z. was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.
   PHY-555226.
NR 23
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0010-4655
J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN
JI Comput. Phys. Commun.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 180
IS 6
BP 879
EP 886
DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2008.12.010
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 454CX
UT WOS:000266660400010
ER

PT J
AU Beveridge, JR
   Givens, GH
   Phillips, PJ
   Draper, BA
AF Beveridge, J. Ross
   Givens, Geof H.
   Phillips, P. Jonathon
   Draper, Bruce A.
TI Factors that influence algorithm performance in the Face Recognition
   Grand Challenge
SO COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING
LA English
DT Article
DE Face recognition; Subject covariates; Performance analysis; Statistical
   modeling
ID MODELS
AB A statistical study is presented quantifying the effects of covariates such as gender, age, expression, image resolution and focus on three face recognition algorithms. Specifically, a Generalized Linear Mixed Effect model is used to relate probability of verification to subject and image covariates. The data and algorithms are selected from the Face Recognition Grand Challenge and the results show that the effects of covariates are strong and algorithm specific. The paper presents in detail all of the significant effects including interactions among covariates.
   One significant conclusion is that covariates matter. The variation in verification Fates as a function of covariates is greater than the difference in average performance between the two best algorithms. Another is that few OF no universal effects emerge; almost no covariates effect all algorithms in the same way and to the same degree. To highlight one specific effect, there is evidence that verification systems should enroll subjects with smiling rather than neutral expressions for best performance. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Beveridge, J. Ross; Draper, Bruce A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Givens, Geof H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Beveridge, JR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM ross@cs.colostate.edu
NR 31
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1077-3142
EI 1090-235X
J9 COMPUT VIS IMAGE UND
JI Comput. Vis. Image Underst.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 6
BP 750
EP 762
DI 10.1016/j.cviu.2008.12.007
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical &
   Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 436OX
UT WOS:000265424800007
ER

PT J
AU Shamblin, BM
   Faircloth, BC
   Dodd, MG
   Bagley, DA
   Ehrhart, LM
   Dutton, PH
   Frey, A
   Nairn, CJ
AF Shamblin, Brian M.
   Faircloth, Brant C.
   Dodd, Mark G.
   Bagley, Dean A.
   Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.
   Dutton, Peter H.
   Frey, Amy
   Nairn, Campbell J.
TI Tetranucleotide markers from the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)
   and their cross-amplification in other marine turtle species
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Caretta caretta; Loggerhead turtle; Microsatellites; Cross-amplification
ID LOCI; DNA
AB The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is a federally threatened species and listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions to amplify 11 novel tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the loggerhead sea turtle. We tested primers using samples from 22 females that nested at Melbourne Beach, Florida (USA). Primer pairs yielded an average of 11.2 alleles per locus (range of 4-24), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.83 (range 0.59-0.96), and an average polymorphic information content of 0.80 (range 0.62-0.94). We also demonstrate the utility of these primers, in addition to primers for 15 loci previously described, for amplifying microsatellite loci in four additional species representing the two extant marine turtle families: olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea).
C1 [Shamblin, Brian M.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Nairn, Campbell J.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   [Dodd, Mark G.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA.
   [Bagley, Dean A.; Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
   [Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32821 USA.
   [Dutton, Peter H.; Frey, Amy] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Nairn, CJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM jnairn@warnell.uga.edu
OI Faircloth, Brant/0000-0002-1943-0217
FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Daniel B. Warnell School of
   Forestry and Natural Resources; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation
   Commission [135]; UGA Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
   [A2006-10002-0]
FX This research was supported by the Georgia Department of Natural
   Resources and the Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural
   Resources. Handling of turtles was approved by the Florida Fish and
   Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC, MTP # 135) and the UGA
   Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval number:
   A2006-10002-0). We thank Paul Tritaik of the ACNWR and Meghan Koperski
   of FWC for facilitating beach access and permit assistance. We thank the
   University of Central Florida Marine Turtle Research crew for providing
   ACNWR samples. We thank the NOAA-Fisheries' Southwest Fisheries Science
   Center (SWFSC) for collecting and providing the Olive Ridley samples. We
   thank Zandy Hillis-Starr, from the Buck Island Reef National Park, as
   well as Ana Bass for the Hawksbill samples provided through the SWFSC
   Genetics tissue sample archive.
NR 11
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 10
IS 3
BP 577
EP 580
DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9573-6
PG 4
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 442HJ
UT WOS:000265832000019
ER

PT J
AU Miller, MW
   Kramer, KL
   Williams, SM
   Johnston, L
   Szmant, AM
AF Miller, M. W.
   Kramer, K. L.
   Williams, S. M.
   Johnston, L.
   Szmant, A. M.
TI Assessment of current rates of Diadema antillarum larval settlement
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Florida Keys; Recovery; Puerto Rico; Settlement; Larval supply
ID MASS MORTALITY; SEA-URCHIN; CORAL-REEF; POPULATIONS; RECOVERY; DYNAMICS;
   ECHINODERMATA; ECHINOIDEA; HABITATS; DENSITY
AB The generally slow and incomplete recovery of the long-spined sea urchin, Diadema antillarum, from the 1983-84 Caribbean-wide die-off, particularly in the Florida Keys, USA, raises the question of factors limiting population recovery. This study sought to quantify larval settlement rates as an indicator of larval supply at two sites in the Florida Keys, utilizing methods comparable to an historic study. Settlement at two sites in southwest Puerto Rico was also examined as a comparison of present-day settlement rates at a site where D. antillarum recovery has been moderate. Monthly settlement rates were low (max < 2 m(-2)) and did not differ between the two sites examined in the Florida Keys. Settlement was significantly higher at only one of the Puerto Rico sites (max 16 m(-2)), but still an order of magnitude lower than that reported for historic populations in Cura double dagger ao (1982-83). Results are consistent with the hypothesis of low larval supply limiting D. antillarum recovery in the Florida Keys.
C1 [Miller, M. W.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Kramer, K. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Williams, S. M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
   [Johnston, L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Szmant, A. M.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
RP Miller, MW (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov
FU NOAA-National Marine Sanctuaries Program [FKNMS-2004-057,
   FKNMS-2006-026]
FX This project was made possible by funding from the NOAA-National Marine
   Sanctuaries Program and conduced under permits FKNMS-2004-057 and
   FKNMS-2006-026. Field assistance was provided by B. Mason, D. Williams,
   K. Flynn, and L. Harman.
NR 19
TC 12
Z9 15
U1 3
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 2
BP 511
EP 515
DI 10.1007/s00338-008-0458-4
PG 5
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 442HK
UT WOS:000265832100023
ER

PT J
AU Bruno, JF
   Sweatman, H
   Precht, WF
   Selig, ER
   Schutte, VGW
AF Bruno, John F.
   Sweatman, Hugh
   Precht, William F.
   Selig, Elizabeth R.
   Schutte, Virginia G. W.
TI Assessing evidence of phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on
   coral reefs
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Caribbean; coral reefs; Florida Keys; Great Barrier Reef; Indo-Pacific;
   macroalgae; phase shifts; reef management
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HERBIVOROUS FISHES; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; BLEACHING EVENT;
   MARINE RESERVE; STABLE STATES; DISCOVERY BAY; JAMAICA; COVER; DECLINE
AB Many marine scientists have concluded that coral reefs are moving toward or are locked into a seaweed-dominated state. However, because there have been no regional- or global-scale analyses of such coral reef "phase shifts,'' the magnitude of this phenomenon was unknown. We analyzed 3581 quantitative surveys of 1851 reefs performed between 1996 and 2006 to determine the frequency, geographical extent, and degree of macroalgal dominance of coral reefs and of coral to macroalgal phase shifts around the world. Our results indicate that the replacement of corals by macroalgae as the dominant benthic functional group is less common and less geographically extensive than assumed. Although we found evidence of moderate local increases in macroalgal cover, particularly in the Caribbean, only 4% of reefs were dominated by macroalgae (i.e., >50% cover). Across the Indo-Pacific, where regional averages of macroalgal cover were 9-12%, macroalgae only dominated 1% of the surveyed reefs. Between 1996 and 2006, phase shift severity decreased in the Caribbean, did not change in the Florida Keys and Indo-Pacific, and increased slightly on the Great Barrier Reef due to moderate coral loss. Coral reef ecosystems appear to be more resistant to macroalgal blooms than assumed, which has important implications for reef management.
C1 [Bruno, John F.; Schutte, Virginia G. W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   [Sweatman, Hugh] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.
   [Precht, William F.] Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA.
   [Selig, Elizabeth R.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   [Selig, Elizabeth R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Bruno, JF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM jbruno@unc.edu
RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011
FU U.S. EPA; NOAA's Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary; National
   Science Foundation [OCE-0326705]; Australian Institute of Marine
   Science; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
FX We are grateful to the many organizations that shared their published
   and unpublished data with us, particularly the Florida Keys Coral Reef
   Monitoring Program (funded by the U.S. EPA and NOAA's Florida Keys
   National Marine Sanctuary) and Reef Check which provided the data for
   nearly half the surveys used in this analysis. This research was funded
   in part the National Science Foundation (OCE-0326705 to J.F. Bruno), the
   Australian Institute of Marine Science, the Marine and Tropical Research
   facility, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
NR 56
TC 162
Z9 166
U1 12
U2 106
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 6
BP 1478
EP 1484
DI 10.1890/08-1781.1
PG 7
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 454DR
UT WOS:000266662500008
PM 19569362
ER

PT J
AU Bottom, DL
   Jones, KK
   Simenstad, CA
   Smith, CL
AF Bottom, Daniel L.
   Jones, Kim K.
   Simenstad, Charles A.
   Smith, Courtland L.
TI Reconnecting Social and Ecological Resilience in Salmon Ecosystems
SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE fishery management; Pacific Northwest; Pacific salmon; resilience;
   salmon ecosystem
ID MULTIPLE STABLE STATES; PACIFIC SALMON; NORTHEAST PACIFIC;
   ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CATASTROPHIC SHIFTS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; FISHERY
   MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; REGIME SHIFTS
AB Fishery management programs designed to control Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) for optimum production have failed to prevent widespread fish population decline and have caused greater uncertainty for salmon, their ecosystems, and the people who depend upon them. In this special feature introduction, we explore several key attributes of ecosystem resilience that have been overlooked by traditional salmon management approaches. The dynamics of salmon ecosystems involve social-ecological interactions across multiple scales that create difficult mismatches with the many jurisdictions that manage fisheries and other natural resources. Of particular importance to ecosystem resilience are large-scale shifts in oceanic and climatic regimes or in global economic conditions that unpredictably alter social and ecological systems. Past management actions that did not account for such changes have undermined salmon population resilience and increased the risk of irreversible regime shifts in salmon ecosystems. Because salmon convey important provisioning, cultural, and supporting services to their local watersheds, widespread population decline has undermined both human well-being and ecosystem resilience. Strengthening resilience will require expanding habitat opportunities for salmon populations to express their maximum life-history variation. Such actions also may benefit the "response diversity" of local communities by expanding the opportunities for people to express diverse social and economic values. Reestablishing social-ecological connections in salmon ecosystems will provide important ecosystem services, including those that depend on clean water, ample stream flows, functional wetlands and floodplains, intact riparian systems, and abundant fish populations.
C1 [Bottom, Daniel L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
   [Simenstad, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Smith, Courtland L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Bottom, DL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
NR 124
TC 33
Z9 32
U1 7
U2 29
PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE
PI WOLFVILLE
PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA
SN 1708-3087
J9 ECOL SOC
JI Ecol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 14
IS 1
AR 5
PG 18
WC Ecology; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 468TY
UT WOS:000267846300002
ER

PT J
AU Waples, RS
   Beechie, T
   Pess, GR
AF Waples, Robin S.
   Beechie, Tim
   Pess, George R.
TI Evolutionary History, Habitat Disturbance Regimes, and Anthropogenic
   Changes: What Do These Mean for Resilience of Pacific Salmon
   Populations?
SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; duration; frequency; historical template; magnitude;
   Pacific Northwest; Oncorhynchus; Pacific salmon; predictability
ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; LIFE-HISTORY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON;
   NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS;
   GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES; SIGNIFICANT UNITS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA
AB Because resilience of a biological system is a product of its evolutionary history, the historical template that describes the relationships between species and their dynamic habitats is an important point of reference. Habitats used by Pacific salmon have been quite variable throughout their evolutionary history, and these habitats can be characterized by four key attributes of disturbance regimes: frequency, magnitude, duration, and predictability. Over the past two centuries, major anthropogenic changes to salmon ecosystems have dramatically altered disturbance regimes that the species experience. To the extent that these disturbance regimes assume characteristics outside the range of the historical template, resilience of salmon populations might be compromised. We discuss anthropogenic changes that are particularly likely to compromise resilience of Pacific salmon and management actions that could help bring the current patterns of disturbance regimes more in line with the historical template.
C1 [Waples, Robin S.; Beechie, Tim; Pess, George R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Washington, DC USA.
RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Washington, DC USA.
RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016
NR 78
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 31
PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE
PI WOLFVILLE
PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA
SN 1708-3087
J9 ECOL SOC
JI Ecol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 14
IS 1
AR 3
PG 18
WC Ecology; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 468TY
UT WOS:000267846300044
ER

PT J
AU Kemp, PS
   Williams, JG
AF Kemp, P. S.
   Williams, J. G.
TI Illumination influences the ability of migrating juvenile salmonids to
   pass a submerged experimental weir
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Article
DE smolts; rheotaxis; swimming-ability; barriers; vision; nocturnal
ID ATLANTIC SALMON; SALAR L; LATERAL-LINE; SMOLT MIGRATION;
   LIGHT-INTENSITY; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR;
   FISH; RESPONSES
AB The downstream migration of juvenile salmonids has previously been considered predominantly passive. It has been argued that passive displacement during periods of darkness is, partially at least, a result of an inability to maintain a fixed position in the absence of visual cues. In this study, behaviour of juvenile Pacific salmonids was assessed under conditions of light and dark as they passed through an artificial channel and encountered a submerged weir. Results indicated that when light, fish formed schools and actively explored the channel. Conversely, when dark (infrared illumination only) they did not form schools, but maintained randomly distributed positions holding station against the flow. As a consequence, more fish approached and either passed, or rejected, the weir when light. The majority of fish that passed the weir did so within the first minute of each trial. Fish predominantly passed through the channel facing downstream and changed orientation prior to passing tail first over the weir crest in the presence and absence of visual cues. The orientation switch was less common when dark. This study shows, at a fine-resolution scale, that downstream movement of juvenile salmonids can be inhibited as fish exhibit alternative behaviours in the absence of visual cues. Downstream movement was not predominantly passive. Fish passage design should not be based on the assumption that downstream migration is passive.
C1 [Kemp, P. S.] Univ Southampton, Int Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
   [Kemp, P. S.; Williams, J. G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Kemp, PS (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Int Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
EM p.kemp@soton.ac.uk
FU National Research Council
FX We acknowledge the practical support provided by Michael Gessel (NOAA
   National Marine Fisheries Service). We thank Professor Neil Metcalfe
   (University of Glasgow) and two anonymous referees for useful comments
   on earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was performed while
   the author held a National Research Council Research Associateship
   Award.
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0906-6691
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 2
BP 297
EP 304
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00347.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 446GV
UT WOS:000266111000012
ER

PT J
AU Donovan, GH
   Butry, DT
AF Donovan, Geoffrey H.
   Butry, David T.
TI The value of shade: Estimating the effect of urban trees on summertime
   electricity use
SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
LA English
DT Article
DE Urban trees; Energy conservation; Economics; Shade; Carbon
ID ENERGY USE; SURFACES
AB We estimated the effect of shade trees on the summertime electricity use of 460 single-family homes in Sacramento, California. Results show that trees on the west and south sides of a house reduce summertime electricity use, whereas trees on the north side of a house increase summertime electricity use. The current level of tree cover on the west and south sides of houses in our sample reduced summertime electricity use by 185 kWh (5.2%), whereas north-side trees increased electricity use by 55 kWh (1.5%). Results also show that a London plane tree, planted on the west side of a house, can reduce carbon emissions from summertime electricity use by an average of 31% over 100 years. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA.
   [Butry, David T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA.
EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us; david.butry@nist.gov
NR 10
TC 49
Z9 59
U1 1
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0378-7788
J9 ENERG BUILDINGS
JI Energy Build.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 41
IS 6
BP 662
EP 668
DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.01.002
PG 7
WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 445OL
UT WOS:000266060000009
ER

PT J
AU Butry, DT
AF Butry, David T.
TI Fighting fire with fire: estimating the efficacy of wildfire mitigation
   programs using propensity scores
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS
LA English
DT Article
CT Workshop on Forest Fires and Point Processes
CY MAY, 2005
CL Fields Inst, Toronto, CANADA
HO Fields Inst
DE Endogeneity; Prescribed fire; Propensity score; Treatment effects;
   Wildfire production functions
ID SEMI-LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS; TRAINING-PROGRAMS; DUMMY VARIABLES; CAUSAL;
   MANAGEMENT; INFERENCE; BIAS
AB This paper examines the effect wildfire mitigation has on broad-scale wildfire behavior. Each year, hundreds of million of dollars are spent on fire suppression and fuels management applications, yet little is known, quantitatively, of the returns to these programs in terms of their impact on wildfire extent and intensity. This is especially true when considering that wildfire management influences and reacts to several, often times confounding factors, including socioeconomic characteristics, values at risk, heterogeneous landscapes, and climate. Due to the endogenous nature of suppression effort and fuels management intensity and placement with wildfire behavior, traditional regression models may prove inadequate. Instead, I examine the applicability of propensity score matching (PSM) techniques in modeling wildfire. This research makes several significant contributions including: (1) applying techniques developed in labor economics and in epidemiology to evaluate the effects of natural resource policies on landscapes, rather than on individuals; (2) providing a better understanding of the relationship between wildfire mitigation strategies and their influence on broad-scale wildfire patterns; (3) quantifying the returns to suppression and fuels management on wildfire behavior.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Butry, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.butry@nist.gov
NR 47
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1352-8505
J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT
JI Environ. Ecol. Stat.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 16
IS 2
BP 291
EP 319
DI 10.1007/s10651-007-0083-3
PG 29
WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
   Statistics & Probability
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics
GA 437TH
UT WOS:000265509300010
ER

PT J
AU Petersen, EJ
   Pinto, RA
   Landrum, PF
   Weber, WJ
AF Petersen, Elijah J.
   Pinto, Roger A.
   Landrum, Peter F.
   Weber, Walter J., Jr.
TI Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Pyrene Bioaccumulation from
   Contaminated Soils by Earthworms
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; NATURAL
   ORGANIC SORBENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES;
   BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; EISENIA-FOETIDA; BIOAVAILABILITY; SEDIMENT;
   NANOMATERIALS
AB Increasing production of and application potentials for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) suggest these materials will enter soil and sediment ecosystems in significant masses in upcoming years. This may result in ecological risks, either from the presence of the CNTs themselves or, given their exceptional sorption capacities, from their effects on the fate and accumulation of concurrently present hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs). Here we test the influence of additions of single-walled CNTs (SWNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs) to two different pyrene-contaminated soils on uptake of this HOC by earthworms (Eisenia foetida). The effects of nanotube additions to the soils were observed to be CNT concentration dependent, with 0.3 mg nanotubes per gram of soil having no impact, while 3.0 mg/g of SWNTs or MWNTs substantially decreased pyrene bioaccumulation from both contaminated soils. The presence of CNTs also affected pyrene elimination rates. After a 14-day exposure to pyrene-spiked soils, earthworms showed enhanced elimination rates in soils amended with 3.0 mg CNT/g but not 0.3 mg CNT/g. These results suggest that the presence of SWNTs or MWNTs in terrestrial ecosystems will have concentration-dependent effects on decreasing HOC accumulation by earthworms in a manner similar to that expected of most "hard" carbons.
C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.; Pinto, Roger A.; Weber, Walter J., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Landrum, Peter F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM epeterse@umich.edu; wjwjr@umich.edu
RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013
FU University of Michigan Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute;
   U.S. EPA [RD833321]
FX We thank Kyle Roebuck, Hayley Smithkort, and Jesse Tzeng for their
   experimental assistance. We thank Marja Noponen and Dr. Jussi Kukkonen
   for making the hard carbon measurements and Drs. Xiaoyin Chen and
   Johannes Schwank for assistance with surface area measurements. This
   work was supported by awards from the University of Michigan Graham
   Environmental Sustainability Institute and from U.S. EPA grant RD833321.
   This is Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory contribution 1513.
NR 37
TC 83
Z9 88
U1 8
U2 86
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 11
BP 4181
EP 4187
DI 10.1021/es803023a
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 452NJ
UT WOS:000266546700035
PM 19569349
ER

PT J
AU Lin, GD
   Zhu, SL
   Islam, R
   Kim, K
   Chang, MS
   Korenblit, S
   Monroe, C
   Duan, LM
AF Lin, G. -D.
   Zhu, S. -L.
   Islam, R.
   Kim, K.
   Chang, M. -S.
   Korenblit, S.
   Monroe, C.
   Duan, L. -M.
TI Large-scale quantum computation in an anharmonic linear ion trap
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ATOMIC IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; ARCHITECTURE; THRESHOLD;
   COMPUTER; CRYSTALS; STATE; GATES
AB We propose a large-scale quantum computer architecture by more easily stabilizing a single large linear ion chain in a very simple trap geometry. By confining ions in an anharmonic linear trap with nearly uniform spacing between ions, we show that high-fidelity quantum gates can be realized in large linear ion crystals under the Doppler temperature based on coupling to a near-continuum of transverse motional modes with simple shaped laser pulses. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2009
C1 [Lin, G. -D.; Zhu, S. -L.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Lin, G. -D.; Zhu, S. -L.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Zhu, S. -L.] S China Normal Univ, LQIT, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, S. -L.] S China Normal Univ, ICMP, Dept Phys, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Islam, R.; Kim, K.; Chang, M. -S.; Korenblit, S.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Islam, R.; Kim, K.; Chang, M. -S.; Korenblit, S.; Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Lin, GD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM guindarl@umich.edu
RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Zhu, Shi-Liang/F-2334-2011; Chang,
   Ming-Shien/F-7922-2012
NR 29
TC 73
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 3
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 86
IS 6
AR 60004
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/86/60004
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 488NX
UT WOS:000269357700005
ER

PT J
AU Jeanneret, B
   Benz, SP
AF Jeanneret, B.
   Benz, S. P.
TI Application of the Josephson effect in electrical metrology
SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Review
ID PROGRAMMABLE VOLTAGE STANDARDS; QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE; WAVE-FORM
   SYNTHESIZER; JOHNSON NOISE THERMOMETRY; JUNCTION SERIES ARRAYS; STACKED
   MOSI2-BARRIER JUNCTIONS; TO-ANALOG CONVERTERS; DC TRANSFER-STANDARD;
   OPERATING MARGINS; SUPERCONDUCTOR JUNCTIONS
AB Over the last 30 years, metrology laboratories have used the quantum behavior of the Josephson effect to greatly improve voltage metrology. The following article reviews the history and present status of the research and development for Josephson voltage standards. Specifically, the technology and performance of voltage standards that have quantum accuracy is explained in detail, as is their impact on a wide range of electrical metrology applications, primarily those for dc and ac voltage measurements. The physics of the Josephson effect will be presented and the importance of quantum-based electrical standards will be discussed. A detailed explanation of the operation of the conventional Josephson voltage standard and its use for dc applications will be presented, including a description of the most important results. The latter sections of this paper describe recent efforts to apply the Josephson effect to ac voltage and other electrical metrology applications. Advanced voltage standard systems have been developed that provide new features such as stable, programmable dc voltages and quantum-accurate ac waveform synthesis. The superconducting technology and integrated circuit designs for these systems will be described. Two different systems have dramatically improved precision measurements for audio-frequency voltages and for electric power metrology.
C1 [Jeanneret, B.] Fed Off Metrol METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland.
   [Benz, S. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Jeanneret, B (reprint author), Fed Off Metrol METAS, Lindenweg 50, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland.
EM blaise.jeanneret@metas.ch; benz@boulder.nist.gov
NR 127
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 1
U2 19
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE
SN 1951-6355
J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP
JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 172
BP 181
EP 206
DI 10.1140/epjst/e2009-01050-6
PG 26
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 461GM
UT WOS:000267252700014
ER

PT J
AU Keller, MW
AF Keller, M. W.
TI Practical aspects of counting electrons with a single-electron tunneling
   pump
SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Review
ID CAPACITANCE STANDARD; METROLOGY TRIANGLE; COULOMB-BLOCKADE; ACCURACY;
   DEVICES; ERRORS; FILTERS; LEAKAGE; NOISE
AB This review covers various aspects of the single-electron tunneling pumps based on Al junctions studied at NIST over the past 15 years. The operation of a pump is described, and some important error mechanisms are summarized, which allows for a sketch of the basic pump parameters required for metrological accuracy. Fabrication of pumps, filtering of leads in the cryostat, and the electronics used to drive the pump are described next. The shuttle error technique that allows measurement of very rare errors is then described, and some outstanding questions about limitations of pumps based on Al junctions are mentioned. A detailed algorithm for cancelling the cross capacitance in a pump is described in an appendix.
C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Keller, MW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM mark.keller@boulder.nist.gov
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1951-6355
J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP
JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 172
BP 297
EP 309
DI 10.1140/epjst/e2009-01055-1
PG 13
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 461GM
UT WOS:000267252700019
ER

PT J
AU Serafy, JE
   Kerstetter, DW
   Rice, PH
AF Serafy, Joseph E.
   Kerstetter, David W.
   Rice, Patrick H.
TI Can circle hook use benefit billfishes?
SO FISH AND FISHERIES
LA English
DT Review
DE Billfish; circle hooks; hook performance; marlin; sailfish; review
ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; WHITE MARLIN;
   MORTALITY; CATCH; SURVIVAL; CAUGHT; REDUCE; SIZE
AB We performed a quantitative review to evaluate circle hook use in recreational and commercial hook-and-line fisheries that interact with billfishes (Family: Istiophoridae). Specifically, we scrutinized the findings of 11 recent empirical studies that reported, on a species-specific basis, side-by-side measures of circle vs. J-hook fishing performance: catch, mortality, deep-hooking and bleeding rates. Of the 30 total comparisons extracted from the literature that satisfied our inclusion criteria, 13 indicated significant differences between hook types for the specific metric compared. No study reported significant billfish catch rate differences between hook types. However, when significant differences between hook types were found, higher mortality rates and higher rates of deep-hooking and bleeding were associated with J-hooks relative to circle hooks. We conclude that empirical evidence is sufficient to promote circle hook use in almost all hook-and-line fishery sectors that typically interact with istiophorids. However, billfish conservation benefits will only be realized if fishers use unmodified circle hooks, commit to releasing live fish and take other appropriate measures which maximize post-release survival. While there may be fishing modes where circle hook effects are negative, for billfish conservation, we recommend managers grant exceptions to circle hook use only when experimental results support such a practice.
C1 [Serafy, Joseph E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Serafy, Joseph E.; Rice, Patrick H.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Kerstetter, David W.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
RP Serafy, JE (reprint author), SEFSC, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33133 USA.
EM joe.serafy@noaa.gov
RI Kerstetter, David/I-5396-2012
NR 39
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1467-2960
J9 FISH FISH
JI Fish. Fish.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 10
IS 2
BP 132
EP 142
DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00298.x
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 445BM
UT WOS:000266024600002
ER

PT J
AU Thorson, JT
   Simpfendorfer, CA
AF Thorson, James T.
   Simpfendorfer, Colin A.
TI Gear selectivity and sample size effects on growth curve selection in
   shark age and growth studies
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Individual growth model; Model selection; Length-selective sampling;
   Akaike information criterion; Multi-model estimation
ID MODELING FISH GROWTH; CARCHARHINUS-OBSCURUS; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE;
   AUSTRALIAN WATERS; MESH SELECTIVITY; GUMMY SHARK; PARAMETERS; BIAS
AB The effects of gear selectivity and sample size on growth model selection for shark length-at-age data was investigated using simulated data sets for dusky (Carcharhinus obscurus) and Atlantic sharpnose (Rhizoprionodon terroenovae) sharks. Simulated data sets were generated using four different individual growth functions (von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, logistic and Schnute) with five different sample sizes and seven different sampling gear selectivity functions. Five growth models were fit to each data set and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and AIC weights used to evaluate which fit best to the data. The accuracy of each of the fitting models was also determined and compared with estimates derived from AIC multi-model inference (MMI). The results demonstrated that no one growth model outperformed all other models in all situations, with the two-parameter von Bertalanffy model being selected most often by AIC. There were clear differences between the fitting models that were ranked the highest based on AIC selection or AIC weights and those based on models accuracy of length and growth parameter estimates. In most situations, the two-parameter von Bertalanffy model provided the least accuracy in parameter recovery, while the Schnute model was the most accurate individual model in most situations. The AIC MMI approach improved estimation accuracy over most individual models, except at very low sample sizes. These simulation results suggest that sample sizes of 200 are required to consistently achieve good accuracy for growth parameters, and that sampling gear selectivity has clear effects on which growth models fit best to the data. The use of the AIC MMI approach is recommended, as it provides the most robust estimates of growth parameters. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Thorson, James T.; Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Virginia Tech, NMFS RTR Unit, 101 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM thorson@vt.edu; colin.simpfendorfer@jcu.edu.au
RI Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011; Thorson, James/O-7937-2014
OI Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238; Thorson,
   James/0000-0001-7415-1010
FU Gilbert S. Louis Shark Conservation Fellowship
FX The authors would like to thank John Carlson for providing Atlantic
   sharpnose shark length-at-age data, the Gilbert S. Louis Shark
   Conservation Fellowship. James Cook University, the NFS-RTR Unit at
   Virginia Tech, staff at Mote Marine labs, two anonymous reviewers and
   the editor-in-chief of Fisheries Research, as well as Jim Berkson and
   Robert Leaf.
NR 26
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 98
IS 1-3
BP 75
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.03.016
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 465RQ
UT WOS:000267604900010
ER

PT J
AU de Gouw, JA
   Warneke, C
   Montzka, SA
   Brioude, J
   Holloway, JS
   Parrish, DD
   Fehsenfeld, FC
   Atlas, EL
   Weber, RJ
   Flocke, FM
AF de Gouw, J. A.
   Warneke, C.
   Montzka, S. A.
   Brioude, J.
   Holloway, J. S.
   Parrish, D. D.
   Fehsenfeld, F. C.
   Atlas, E. L.
   Weber, R. J.
   Flocke, F. M.
TI How much biogenic SOA is present in the Northeastern US?
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Montzka, S. A.; Brioude, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Parrish, D. D.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
   [de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Brioude, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Flocke, F. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM Joost.deGouw@noaa.gov
RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Brioude,
   Jerome/E-4629-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Atlas,
   Elliot/J-8171-2015
OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; 
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A273
EP A273
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229900559
ER

PT J
AU de Ronde, C
   Baker, E
   Embley, R
   Lupton, J
   Butterfield, D
   Faure, K
   Leybourne, M
   Chadwick, W
   Ishibashi, J
   Resing, J
   Walker, S
   Merle, S
   Greene, R
AF de Ronde, C.
   Baker, E.
   Embley, R.
   Lupton, J.
   Butterfield, D.
   Faure, K.
   Leybourne, M.
   Chadwick, W.
   Ishibashi, J.
   Resing, J.
   Walker, S.
   Merle, S.
   Greene, R.
TI Hydrothermal systems of intraoceanic arcs
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [de Ronde, C.; Faure, K.; Leybourne, M.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
   [Baker, E.; Butterfield, D.; Resing, J.; Walker, S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Embley, R.; Lupton, J.; Chadwick, W.; Merle, S.; Greene, R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
   [Ishibashi, J.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
EM cornel.deronde@gns.cri.nz
RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016
OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A282
EP A282
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229900577
ER

PT J
AU Feingold, G
   Wang, HL
AF Feingold, Graham
   Wang, Hailong
TI Aerosol, clouds, precipitation and self-organization of stratocumulus
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Feingold, Graham; Wang, Hailong] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Wang, Hailong] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA.
EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov; hailong.wang@noaa.gov
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A362
EP A362
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229900736
ER

PT J
AU Folberth, GA
   Abraham, NL
   Collins, WJ
   Johnson, CE
   Morgenstern, O
   O'Connor, FM
   Young, PJ
AF Folberth, G. A.
   Abraham, N. L.
   Collins, W. J.
   Johnson, C. E.
   Morgenstern, O.
   O'Connor, F. M.
   Young, P. J.
TI Evolution of SOA formation and budget over the 21(st) century with
   implications for air quality
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Folberth, G. A.; Collins, W. J.; Johnson, C. E.; O'Connor, F. M.] Hadley Ctr, UK Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
   [Abraham, N. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
   [Morgenstern, O.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand.
   [Young, P. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM gerd.folberth@metoffice.gov.uk; luke.abraham@atm.ch.cam.ac.uk;
   o.morgenstern@niwa.co.nz; paul.j.young@noaa.gov
RI Young, Paul/E-8739-2010
OI Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
SU S
BP A387
EP A387
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229901006
ER

PT J
AU Granier, C
   Mieville, A
   Liousse, C
   Guillaume, B
   Mouillot, F
   Gregoire, JM
AF Granier, C.
   Mieville, A.
   Liousse, C.
   Guillaume, B.
   Mouillot, F.
   Gregoire, J. M.
TI Historial emissions of atmospheric compounds resulting from biomass
   burning
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Granier, C.; Mieville, A.] Univ Paris 06, UPMC, F-75005 Paris, France.
   [Granier, C.; Mieville, A.] CNRS, UMR 7620, Serv Aeron, F-75005 Paris, France.
   [Granier, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Liousse, C.; Guillaume, B.] UPS, CNRS, UMR 5560, Lab Aerol, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
   [Mouillot, F.] CNRS, CEFE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
   [Gregoire, J. M.] JRC, Ispra, Italy.
EM claire.granier@aero.jussieu.fr
RI Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; MOUILLOT, florent/C-2204-2015
OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; MOUILLOT,
   florent/0000-0002-6548-4830
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A461
EP A461
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229901153
ER

PT J
AU Gruber, N
   Stendardo, I
   Frohlicher, T
   Johnson, GC
AF Gruber, Nicolas
   Stendardo, Ilaria
   Froehlicher, Thomas
   Johnson, Gregory C.
TI The recent deoxygenation of the North Atlantic thermocline: A harbinger
   of the future?
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Gruber, Nicolas; Stendardo, Ilaria] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Froehlicher, Thomas] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
   [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch
RI Froelicher, Thomas/A-9926-2011; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009
OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A471
EP A471
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229901173
ER

PT J
AU Gupta, P
   Noone, D
   Galewsky, J
   Sweeney, C
   Vaughn, BH
AF Gupta, P.
   Noone, D.
   Galewsky, J.
   Sweeney, C.
   Vaughn, B. H.
TI A new laser-based, field-deployable analyzer for laboratory-class stable
   isotope measurements in water
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Gupta, P.] Picarro Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA.
   [Noone, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Noone, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Galewsky, J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   [Sweeney, C.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80304 USA.
   [Vaughn, B. H.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM pgupta@picarro.com
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A480
EP A480
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229901191
ER

PT J
AU Koren, I
   Feingold, G
   Remer, LA
   Martins, JV
AF Koren, Ilan
   Feingold, Graham
   Remer, Lorraine A.
   Martins, J. Vanderlei
TI How interactions between clouds and aerosols depend on scale
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Koren, Ilan] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
   [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Remer, Lorraine A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
   [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM Ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il; Graham.Feingold@noaa.gov;
   lorraine.a.remer@nasa.gov; martins@umbc.edu
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012
OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A682
EP A682
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229901596
ER

PT J
AU Krishna, MS
   Anderson, DM
   Sarma, NS
   Pasha, SG
AF Krishna, Moturi S.
   Anderson, David M.
   Sarma, Nittala S.
   Pasha, Sk. G.
TI Tropical Indian Ocean temperature and salinity variations during the
   last 280,000 yrs
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Krishna, Moturi S.; Sarma, Nittala S.; Pasha, Sk. G.] Andhra Univ, Sch Chem, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Anderson, David M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A696
EP A696
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229901624
ER

PT J
AU Lee, YN
   Springston, S
   Jayne, J
   Wang, J
   Hubbe, J
   Senum, G
   Brioude, J
   Alexander, L
   Kleinman, L
   Daum, P
AF Lee, Y. -N.
   Springston, S.
   Jayne, J.
   Wang, J.
   Hubbe, J.
   Senum, G.
   Brioude, J.
   Alexander, L.
   Kleinman, L.
   Daum, P.
TI Aerosol chemical composition and source characterization during 2008
   VOCALS REX
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Lee, Y. -N.; Springston, S.; Wang, J.; Senum, G.; Kleinman, L.; Daum, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Jayne, J.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
   [Hubbe, J.; Alexander, L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Brioude, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ynlee@bnl.gov
RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
SU S
BP A738
EP A738
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229901708
ER

PT J
AU Lilley, MD
   Pedersen, RB
   Thorseth, IH
   Lupton, JE
   Olson, EJ
   Fruh-Green, GL
   Baumberger, T
AF Lilley, M. D.
   Pedersen, R. B.
   Thorseth, I. H.
   Lupton, J. E.
   Olson, E. J.
   Frueh-Green, G. L.
   Baumberger, T.
TI Volatiles in the Loki's Castle and Jan Mayen vent fields of the
   ultra-slow spreading Knipovich and Mohns Ridges
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Lilley, M. D.; Olson, E. J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Pedersen, R. B.; Thorseth, I. H.] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.
   [Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacifc Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
   [Frueh-Green, G. L.; Baumberger, T.] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM lilley@u.washington.edu; rolf.pedersen@geo.uib.no;
   john.e.lupton@noaa.gov; frueh-green@erdw.ethz.ch
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A763
EP A763
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229901758
ER

PT J
AU Lupton, J
   Resing, J
   Arculus, R
   Lilley, M
   Embley, R
   Baker, E
   Butterfield, D
   Nakamura, K
   Crowhurst, P
   Greene, R
AF Lupton, J.
   Resing, J.
   Arculus, R.
   Lilley, M.
   Embley, R.
   Baker, E.
   Butterfield, D.
   Nakamura, K.
   Crowhurst, P.
   Greene, R.
TI Hydrothermal systems and recent eruptive activity in the northern Lau
   Basin, South Pacific Ocean
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Lupton, J.; Embley, R.; Greene, R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
   [Resing, J.; Baker, E.; Butterfield, D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Arculus, R.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
   [Lilley, M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Nakamura, K.] Nautilus Minerals, Milton, Qld 4064, Australia.
   [Crowhurst, P.] AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
EM john.e.lupton@noaa.gov
RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016
OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A804
EP A804
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229902067
ER

PT J
AU Lupton, JE
AF Lupton, John E.
TI Helium isotopes: From mantle degassing to ocean circulation
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Lupton, John E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM John.e.lupton@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A803
EP A803
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229902066
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, DM
   Solomon, S
   Portmann, RW
   Rosenlof, KH
   Forster, PM
   Wong, T
AF Murphy, D. M.
   Solomon, S.
   Portmann, R. W.
   Rosenlof, K. H.
   Forster, P. M.
   Wong, T.
TI The Earth's energy budget and aerosol radiative forcing
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Murphy, D. M.; Solomon, S.; Portmann, R. W.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
   [Forster, P. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov; susan.solomon@noaa.gov;
   robert.w..portmann@noaa.gov; karen.h.rosenlof@noaa.gov;
   piers@env.leeds.ac.uk; takmeng.wong@nasa.gov
RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Rosenlof,
   Karen/B-5652-2008
OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Murphy,
   Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A921
EP A921
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229902301
ER

PT J
AU Sorooshian, A
   Feingold, G
AF Sorooshian, Armin
   Feingold, Graham
TI Precipitation in warm clouds and its susceptibility to aerosol
   perturbations
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Sorooshian, Armin; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Sorooshian, Armin] CIRA, Boulder, CO USA.
EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A1255
EP A1255
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229903197
ER

PT J
AU Toggweiler, JR
AF Toggweiler, J. R.
TI Temperature differences between the hemispheres drive ice-age climate
   variability
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A1334
EP A1334
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229903356
ER

PT J
AU Topalov, K
   Schimmelmann, A
   Polly, PD
   Sauer, PE
   Lowry, M
AF Topalov, K.
   Schimmelmann, A.
   Polly, P. D.
   Sauer, P. E.
   Lowry, M.
TI D/H of bone collagen as environmental and trophic indicator
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Topalov, K.; Schimmelmann, A.; Polly, P. D.; Sauer, P. E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   [Lowry, M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM aschimme@indiana.edu
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A1340
EP A1340
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229903368
ER

PT J
AU Trainor, TP
   Iceman, CS
   Tanwar, KS
   Petitto, SC
   Eng, PJ
   Mason, S
   Chaka, AM
AF Trainor, T. P.
   Iceman, C. S.
   Tanwar, K. S.
   Petitto, S. C.
   Eng, P. J.
   Mason, S.
   Chaka, A. M.
TI Structure and modification of iron-oxide surfaces during reaction with
   dissolved iron
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
CY JUN 21, 2009
CL Davos, SWITZERLAND
C1 [Trainor, T. P.; Tanwar, K. S.; Petitto, S. C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Eng, P. J.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Mason, S.; Chaka, A. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM fftpt@uaf.edu; fncri@uaf.edu; ftkjt@uaf.edu; fnscp@uaf.edu;
   eng@cars.uchicago.edu; sara.mason@nist.gov; anne.chaka@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP A1344
EP A1344
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229903375
ER

PT J
AU Sunda, WG
AF Sunda, William G.
TI Acceptance of the 2008 Clair C. Patterson Award
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Sunda, William G.] NOAA, Beaufort Lab CCFHR, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM Bill.Sunda@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 13
BP S11
EP S12
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.038
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460YS
UT WOS:000267229900008
ER

PT J
AU Morton, SL
   Vershinin, A
   Smith, LL
   Leighfield, TA
   Pankov, S
   Quilliam, MA
AF Morton, Steve L.
   Vershinin, Alexander
   Smith, Laurinda L.
   Leighfield, Tod A.
   Pankov, Sergey
   Quilliam, Michael A.
TI Seasonality of Dinophysis spp. and Prorocentrum lima in Black Sea
   phytoplankton and associated shellfish toxicity
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Black Sea; Dinophyceae; Dinophysis; Dinophysistoxin; DSP; Mussel;
   Okadaic acid; Pectenotoxin; Phycotoxins; Phytoplankton; Prorocentrum;
   Shellfish aquaculture
AB Plankton surveys, between 2001 and 2005 along the Russian Caucasian Black Sea Coast, revealed Dinophysis rotundata, D. caudata and Prorocentrum lima as the most ubiquitous of the known dinoflagellates associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Dinophysis spp. were first observed during the spring phytoplankton succession and persist throughout the late summer phytoplankton peak. The highest total concentration, 3000 cells/L, of D. rotundata and D, caudata was observed in April 2001. Unlike Dinophysis, P. lima was rarely observed in plankton samples but closely followed storm events with maximum cell counts of P. lima occurred in July 2002.
   The presence of Dinophysis in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) hepatopancreas correlated with concentration with Dinophysis observed in the plankton samples. Conversely, P. lima could be found in most hepatopancreas samples collected during the May to October period. Therefore, planktonic concentration of P. lima does not reflect its availability for and consumption by shellfish.
   Samples of mussel hepatopancreas, from August 2002, with a corresponding Dinophysis concentration of 250 cells/L and no observable P. lima, were found to contain 0.03 ng OAE/g. This sample analyses by LC-MS/MS displayed okadaic acid (OA) and related congeners (DTX1) along with the pectinotoxins (PTX2 and PTX2sa). Highest observed levels of P. lima-induced DSP-toxicity in hepatopancreas was 0.41 g OA-equivalents/g corresponded to the highest observed planktonic cell counts of P. lima, 300 cell/L in August 2001. Cultures isolated from this sample were found to produce OA, DTX1 and their related diol esters.
   These data reveal a threat, represented by DSP-toxic species, at Black Sea coasts, and provide grounds for the introduction of phycotoxin control measures in the region. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Morton, Steve L.; Smith, Laurinda L.; Leighfield, Tod A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Vershinin, Alexander] RAS, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 127220, Russia.
   [Pankov, Sergey] Marine Biotechnol Ctr Bolshoy Utrish, Anapa 353410, Russia.
   [Quilliam, Michael A.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada.
RP Morton, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM Steve.morton@noaa.gov
NR 27
TC 17
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 8
IS 5
BP 629
EP 636
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.10.011
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 459ZW
UT WOS:000267153900001
ER

PT J
AU Fire, SE
   Wang, ZH
   Leighfield, TA
   Morton, SL
   Mcfee, WE
   McLellan, WA
   Litaker, RW
   Tester, PA
   Hohn, AA
   Lovewell, G
   Harms, C
   Rotstein, DS
   Barco, SG
   Costidis, A
   Sheppard, B
   Bossart, GD
   Stolen, M
   Durden, WN
   Van Dolah, FM
AF Fire, Spencer E.
   Wang, Zhihong
   Leighfield, Tod A.
   Morton, Steve L.
   McFee, Wayne E.
   McLellan, William A.
   Litaker, R. Wayne
   Tester, Patricia A.
   Hohn, Aleta A.
   Lovewell, Gretchen
   Harms, Craig
   Rotstein, David S.
   Barco, Susan G.
   Costidis, Alex
   Sheppard, Barbara
   Bossart, Gregory D.
   Stolen, Megan
   Durden, Wendy Noke
   Van Dolah, Frances M.
TI Domoic acid exposure in pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia spp.) from
   southeastern and mid-Atlantic US waters
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Domoic acid; Dwarf sperm whale; Harmful algal bloom; Kogia; Phycotoxin;
   Pygmy sperm whale
ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; SEA LIONS;
   MULTISERIES; MORTALITY; TOXICITY; CHANNEL; BLOOMS
AB The neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) was detected in urine and fecal samples recovered from pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima) stranding along the U.S. Atlantic coast from 1997 to 2008. Of the 41 animals analyzed from Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Florida, 24 (59%) tested positive for DA at concentrations of 0.4-1.8 ng/mL in urine and 12-13,566 ng/g in feces as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Feces appeared to be the best indicator of DA exposure in Kogia spp., with 87% of all fecal samples analyzed testing positive for this toxin. Additional stranded animals (n = 40) representing 11 other cetacean species were recovered from the same region between 2006 and 2008 and analyzed by LC-MS/MS, however DA was not detected in any of these individuals. DA is produced naturally by diatoms in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Although blooms of DA-producing Pseudo-nitzschia have been associated with repeated large-scale marine mammal mortalities on the west coast of the U.S., there is no documented history of similar blooms on the southeast U.S. coast, and there were no observed Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the region associated with any of these strandings. The feeding habits of Kogia spp. are poorly documented; thus, the vector(s) for DA exposure to these deep-diving species remains to be identified. Toxin accumulation in these pelagic whale species may be an indication of cryptic harmful algal bloom activity in offshore areas not currently being monitored. This study highlights the need for a better understanding of the role of toxigenic algae in marine mammal morbidity and mortality globally. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Fire, Spencer E.; Wang, Zhihong; Leighfield, Tod A.; Morton, Steve L.; McFee, Wayne E.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [McLellan, William A.] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
   [Litaker, R. Wayne; Tester, Patricia A.; Hohn, Aleta A.; Lovewell, Gretchen] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   [Harms, Craig] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
   [Rotstein, David S.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, NOAA, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Barco, Susan G.] Virginia Aquarium & Marine Sci Ctr, Virginia Beach, VA 23451 USA.
   [Costidis, Alex; Sheppard, Barbara] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Bossart, Gregory D.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA.
   [Stolen, Megan; Durden, Wendy Noke] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32821 USA.
RP Fire, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM spencer.fire@noaa.gov
RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014; Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011
OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X; Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062
NR 45
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 5
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
EI 1878-1470
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 8
IS 5
BP 658
EP 664
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.12.002
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 459ZW
UT WOS:000267153900005
ER

PT J
AU Fontes, CJ
   Abdallah, J
   Bowen, C
   Lee, RW
   Ralchenko, Y
AF Fontes, C. J.
   Abdallah, J., Jr.
   Bowen, C.
   Lee, R. W.
   Ralchenko, Yu.
TI Review of the NLTE-5 kinetics workshop
SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
DE Non-LTE population kinetics; Code comparisons; Collisional-radiative
   modeling; Radiative power losses
ID NON-LTE PLASMAS; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We review the 5th non-LTE kinetics code comparison workshop, held in November 2007. Both steady-state and time-dependent cases for elements ranging from carbon to gold were examined in detail. Calculations of radiative power losses and specific spectra were requested in addition to typical plasma quantities such as the ionization balance. Non-Maxwellian electrons, external Planckian radiation and opacity effects in spectra were also included in the comparisons. We discuss the organization of the workshop and present a set of representative results. The particular case of a tungsten plasma at tokamak operating densities was considered for the first time. Due to its importance to the ITER project, more detailed results of these comparisons will be published elsewhere. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bowen, C.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France.
   [Fontes, C. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Abdallah, J., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Lee, R. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bowen, C (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France.
EM christopher.bowen@cea.fr
RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016
OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554
FU CEA; IMDEC (Berkeley); LANL; NIST; U.S. Department of Energy through Los
   Alamos National Laboratory
FX The organizers wish to thank H.-K. Chung, J. Colgan and S. Hansen for
   their contribution to the workshop and their input for this paper, and
   J. Bailey for agreeing to present a current experimental viewpoint in
   NLTE physics. Financial and organizational support from CEA, IMDEC
   (Berkeley), LANL and NIST are gratefully acknowledged. The work of J.
   Abdallah and C. Fontes was performed under the auspices of the U.S.
   Department of Energy through the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
NR 36
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-1818
J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS
JI High Energy Density Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 5
IS 1-2
BP 15
EP 22
DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.02.004
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 686FF
UT WOS:000284681500002
ER

PT J
AU Hong, K
   Lee, S
   Golmie, N
AF Hong, Kunho
   Lee, SuKyoung
   Golmie, Nada
TI Throughput Study for Admission Control in IEEE 802.11 DCF with ARF
SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Throughput; ARF; DCF; admission control
ID DISTRIBUTED COORDINATION FUNCTION
AB We propose an analytical approach to determining the admission of new stations to a WLAN operating in IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) with Auto Rate Fallback (ARF). The proposed approach is based on a cross layer analytical model of how the throughput of existing stations in the WLAN is affected by admitting the new station in non-saturated as well as saturated traffic conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by simulations.
C1 [Hong, Kunho; Lee, SuKyoung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
   [Golmie, Nada] NIST, ANTD, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hong, K (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
EM sklee@cs.yonsei.ac.kr
FU Development of user-centric terminal-control led seamless mobility
   technology [2009-F-043-01]; ITRC (Information Technology Research
   Center) [IITA-2008C 1090-0902-0005]
FX This work was supported in part by the IT R&D program of MKE/IITA
   [2009-F-043-01, Development of user-centric terminal-control led
   seamless mobility technology] and in part by ITRC (Information
   Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the MKE/IITA,
   Korea (IITA-2008C 1090-0902-0005).
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1089-7798
J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT
JI IEEE Commun. Lett.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 13
IS 6
BP 432
EP 434
DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2009.090108
PG 3
WC Telecommunications
SC Telecommunications
GA 458YE
UT WOS:000267064800022
ER

PT J
AU Lu, KJ
   Fu, SL
   Qian, Y
   Chen, HH
AF Lu, Kejie
   Fu, Shengli
   Qian, Yi
   Chen, Hsiao-Hwa
TI On Capacity of Random Wireless Networks with Physical-Layer Network
   Coding
SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Network coding; physical-layer network coding; throughput; random
   wireless network
AB Throughput capacity of a random wireless network has been studied extensively in the literature. Most existing studies were based on the assumption that each transmission involves only one transmitter in order to avoid interference. However, recent studies on physical-layer network coding (PLNC) have shown that such an assumption can be relaxed to improve throughput performance of a wireless network. In PLNC, signals from different senders can be transmitted to the same receiver in the same channel simultaneously. In this paper, we investigate the impact of PLNC on throughput capacity of a random wireless network. Our study reveals that, although PLNC scheme does not change the scaling law, it can improve throughput capacity by a fixed factor. Specifically, for a one-dimensional network, we observe that PLNC can eliminate the effect of interference in some scenarios. A tighter capacity bound is derived for a two-dimensional network. In addition, we also show achievable lower bounds for random wireless networks with network coding and PLNC.
C1 [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
   [Fu, Shengli] Univ N Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA.
   [Qian, Yi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chen, Hsiao-Hwa] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
RP Lu, KJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
EM lukejie@ece.uprm.edu; fu@unt.edu; yqian@nist.gov; hshwchen@ieee.org
NR 18
TC 39
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0733-8716
J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM
JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 27
IS 5
BP 763
EP 772
DI 10.1109/JSAC.2009.090616
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 456UT
UT WOS:000266877600016
ER

PT J
AU Olaya, D
   Dresselhaus, PD
   Benz, SP
   Bjarnason, J
   Grossman, EN
AF Olaya, David
   Dresselhaus, Paul D.
   Benz, Samuel P.
   Bjarnason, Jon
   Grossman, Erich N.
TI Amorphous Nb-Si Barrier Junctions for Voltage Standard and Digital
   Applications
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Josephson junctions; Josephson voltage standard; SNS junction
ID JOSEPHSON TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; CIRCUITS; FREQUENCY; GHZ
AB Amorphous Nb-Si has been previously demonstrated as a Josephson junction barrier material for Nb-based superconducting voltage standard circuits, including both dc programmable and ac Josephson voltage standards operating at frequencies up to 20 GHz. This material was chosen so that the junctions could be fabricated in vertical stacks, increasing the number of junctions in an array, which in turn increases the output voltage of the circuits. This barrier material may also be used to create higher-speed junctions, because the same factors that lead to improved stacks also lead to more reproducible junctions with thin, insulating barriers. Recently, a collaboration between the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) produced 1 V and 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard chips operating at 75 GHz that use these junctions. In this paper, we demonstrate junctions with characteristic frequencies approaching 500 GHz and observed Josephson phase locking at frequencies of 400 GHz and 800 GHz. These junctions are promising for applications in high-speed superconducting digital electronics.
C1 [Olaya, David; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.; Bjarnason, Jon; Grossman, Erich N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Olaya, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM samuel.benz@nist.gov
NR 22
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 144
EP 148
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018254
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000006
ER

PT J
AU Estey, BV
   Beall, JA
   Hilton, GC
   Irwin, KD
   Schmidt, DR
   Ullom, JN
   Schwall, RE
AF Estey, Brian V.
   Beall, James A.
   Hilton, Gene C.
   Irwin, Kent D.
   Schmidt, Dan R.
   Ullom, Joel N.
   Schwall, Robert E.
TI Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry With Latching Nb Meander Detectors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Mass spectrometry; niobium meander
ID CRYOGENIC DETECTORS
AB Mass Spectrometry is widely used for protein characterization, structural virology, drug discovery, and clinical chemistry. However, the detection efficiency of existing detectors for mass spectrometry degrades rapidly as mass is increased, and is only similar to 10(-5) at 10(6) Da. Superconducting detectors provide detection efficiency that is essentially independent of mass, and previous efforts have explored the use of superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) and normal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) microcalorimeters as detectors. Both STJ and NIS detectors, however have active areas limited to similar to 1 mm(2), well below the similar to 1 cm(2) required for a viable system. Microwave-interrogated microstripline meander detectors have the potential to provide the necessary area and speed. We describe such a design and present initial spectra of representative ionized biological molecules obtained from simple prototype detectors mounted on a cryocooler and interfaced to a commercial mass spectrometer.
C1 [Estey, Brian V.; Beall, James A.; Hilton, Gene C.; Irwin, Kent D.; Schmidt, Dan R.; Ullom, Joel N.; Schwall, Robert E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Estey, BV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM estey@berkeley.edu; schwall@boulder.nist.gov
NR 11
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 382
EP 385
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018507
PN 1
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000060
ER

PT J
AU Cecil, TW
   Cyberey, ME
   Matthews, RE
   Zhang, JZ
   Lichtenberger, AW
AF Cecil, Thomas W.
   Cyberey, Michael E.
   Matthews, Roy E.
   Zhang, Jian Z.
   Lichtenberger, Arthur W.
TI Development of Nb/Al-AlN/NbTiN SIS Junctions With ICP Nitridation
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Aluminum nitride; inductively couple plasma; niobium titanium nitride;
   SIS
ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; CURRENT-DENSITY; FABRICATION; BARRIER
AB Increasing the operating frequency of SIS receivers requires a shift from Nb/Al - AlO(X)/Nb junctions to new material systems. Two major limiting factors of higher frequency operation are the increase in subgap leakage that occurs in AlO(X) barriers as current densities approach and exceed 10 kA/cm(2) and the increased loss in Nb electrodes above similar to 700 GHz. A promising alternative structure is the hybrid Nb/Al-AlN/NbTiN junction. Realization of these devices has been difficult due to the challenge of fabricating devices with repeatable current densities and electrical characteristics.
   We present on the fabrication and dc testing of Nb/AlN/NbTiN junctions. The AlN barrier is formed using our inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique which allows for independent control of both ion energy and current density. This improved control enables the repeatable synthesis of high quality and high Jc barriers. Nb and NbTiN electrodes are deposited by unbalanced dc magnetron. A new fabrication process was developed to enable fabrication of junctions with area as small as 0.28 mu m(2). The relationship between barrier thickness and plasma conditions is determined by in-situ discrete ellipsometry. Ellipsometry results were verified by comparison with measured current-voltage characteristics. I(V) curves for a range of junction sizes are presented. Plans for in-situ Faraday monitoring of the energy and current density of the ICP nitridation plasma will also be discussed.
C1 [Cyberey, Michael E.; Matthews, Roy E.; Zhang, Jian Z.; Lichtenberger, Arthur W.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RP Cecil, TW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM twc7c@virginia.edu; mc8qr@virginia.edu; roy.matthews.iv@gmail.com;
   jz4n@Virginia.EDU; arthurW@virginia.edu
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 409
EP 412
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017950
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000066
ER

PT J
AU Lueker, M
   Benson, BA
   Chang, CL
   Cho, HM
   Dobbs, M
   Holzapfel, WL
   Lanting, T
   Lee, AT
   Mehl, J
   Plagge, T
   Shirokoff, E
   Spieler, HG
   Vieira, JD
AF Lueker, Martin
   Benson, Bradford A.
   Chang, Clarence L.
   Cho, Hsiao-Mei
   Dobbs, Matt
   Holzapfel, William L.
   Lanting, Trevor
   Lee, Adrian T.
   Mehl, Jared
   Plagge, Thomas
   Shirokoff, Erik
   Spieler, Helmuth G.
   Vieira, Joaquin D.
TI Thermal Design and Characterization of Transition-Edge Sensor (TES)
   Bolometers for Frequency-Domain Multiplexing
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Bolometer; multiplexer; transition-edge
ID IMPEDANCE; ARRAYS
AB In contemporary Cosmic Microwave Background experiments, bolometric detectors are often background limited, and in this case the sensitivity of instruments can only be improved by increasing the number of background-limited detectors, and so contemporary TES receivers contain as many pixels as possible. Frequency-Domain Multiplexing (fMUX) is one strategy for reading out many detectors with one SQUID. For any readout system, it is important to carefully evaluate the thermal design of detector, in conjunction with the readout bandwidth, in order to ensure stable electro-thermal feedback (ETF). We demonstrate a novel technique for characterizing the thermal circuit of our detectors, using am AC-bias and the fMUX electronics. This technique is used to study the internal thermal coupling of a TES bolometer. We illustrate how the insights gathered by this technique have been instrumental in improving the stability of our multiplexed detectors for the South Pole Telescope (SPT).
C1 [Lueker, Martin; Benson, Bradford A.; Holzapfel, William L.; Lee, Adrian T.; Mehl, Jared; Plagge, Thomas; Shirokoff, Erik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Chang, Clarence L.; Vieira, Joaquin D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Cho, Hsiao-Mei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Dobbs, Matt; Lanting, Trevor] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada.
   [Lee, Adrian T.; Spieler, Helmuth G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Lueker, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM lueker@socrates.berkeley.edu; bbenson@bolo.berkeley.edu;
   clchang@kicp.uchicago.edu; hsiao-mei.cho@boulder.nist.gov;
   matt.dobbs@mcgill.ca; swlh@physics7.berkeley.edu;
   trevor.lanting@mcgill.ca; atl@cosmology.berkeley.edu;
   mehl@socrates.berkeley.edu; tplagge@bolo.berkeley.edu;
   shiro@berkeley.edu; hgspieler@lbl.gov; vieira@kicp.uchicago.edu
RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015
NR 16
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 496
EP 500
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018036
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000086
ER

PT J
AU Shirokoff, E
   Benson, BA
   Bleem, LE
   Chang, CL
   Cho, HM
   Crites, AT
   Dobbs, MA
   Holzapfel, WL
   Lanting, T
   Lee, AT
   Lueker, M
   Mehl, J
   Plagge, T
   Spieler, HG
   Vieira, JD
AF Shirokoff, Erik
   Benson, Bradford A.
   Bleem, Lindsey E.
   Chang, Clarence L.
   Cho, Hsiao-Mei
   Crites, Abigail T.
   Dobbs, Matt A.
   Holzapfel, William L.
   Lanting, Trevor
   Lee, Adrian T.
   Lueker, Martin
   Mehl, Jared
   Plagge, Thomas
   Spieler, Helmuth G.
   Vieira, Joaquin D.
TI The South Pole Telescope SZ-Receiver Detectors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Bolometers; superconducting devices; transition edge sensors
AB We will discuss the design, fabrication, and testing of a 960-element TES array installed on the new 10 meter South Pole Telescope (SPT). This array is designed to survey for galaxy clusters using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, which is the inverse-Compton scattering of Cosmic Microwave Background photons by plasma bound to clusters of galaxies. The SPT bolometer array consists of fully lithographed spider-web absorbers fabricated on adhesive-bonded silicon wafers with an embedded metal back plane. The absorbers are connected to aluminum-titanium bilayer TESs with a transition temperature of approximately 550 mK. Additional normal-metal features adjust the devices' thermal properties to suit our readout system and observational strategy. The focal plane is cooled using a commercial, closed cycle, pulse-tube refrigerator and a three-stage helium sorption refrigerator with a 250 mK base temperature.
C1 [Shirokoff, Erik; Spieler, Helmuth G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Bleem, Lindsey E.; Chang, Clarence L.; Crites, Abigail T.; Vieira, Joaquin D.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL USA.
   [Cho, Hsiao-Mei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Dobbs, Matt A.; Lanting, Trevor] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada.
RP Shirokoff, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM shiro@berkeley.edu
RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015
NR 8
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 517
EP 519
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018229
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000091
ER

PT J
AU Jethava, N
   Ullom, JN
   Bennett, DA
   Doriese, WB
   Beall, JA
   Hilton, GC
   Horansky, RD
   Irwin, KD
   Sassi, E
   Vale, LR
   Bacrania, MK
   Hoover, AS
   Karpius, PJ
   Rabin, MW
   Rudy, CR
   Vo, DT
AF Jethava, N.
   Ullom, J. N.
   Bennett, D. A.
   Doriese, W. B.
   Beall, J. A.
   Hilton, G. C.
   Horansky, R. D.
   Irwin, K. D.
   Sassi, E.
   Vale, L. R.
   Bacrania, M. K.
   Hoover, A. S.
   Karpius, P. J.
   Rabin, M. W.
   Rudy, C. R.
   Vo, D. T.
TI Improved Isotopic Analysis With a Large Array of Gamma-Ray
   Microcalorimeters
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Gamma-ray microcalorimeter; plutonium isotopics; SQUID multiplexing;
   transition edge sensor
ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; SQUID MULTIPLEXER; RESOLUTION
AB We present results from the largest array of gamma-ray microcalorimeters operated to date. The microcalorimeters consist of Mo/Cu transition-edge sensors with attached Sn absorbers. The detector array contains 66 pixels each with an active area 2.25 mm(2). Out of 66 pixels, 55 are active, and 31 were used to acquire a high statistics Pu gamma-ray spectrum. The energy resolution of the best 21 pixels was found to be 120 eV FWHM. The array is read out using time domain SQUID multiplexing. Here, we describe the multiplexing and present a high statistics Pu spectra. Because of the large collecting area of our array, the statistical error in the (240)Pu line intensity is approximately 0.7%, which is comparable to the systematic error in a measurement with a 500 eV germanium sensor. Hence, we have reached an important threshold for demonstrating improved isotopic measurements with microcalorimeter sensors. With straightforward changes, we plan to achieve a resolution of about 50 eV FWHM with 256 multiplexed detectors. Finally, we present early estimates of on-chip heating within our sensor array.
C1 [Jethava, N.; Ullom, J. N.; Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Beall, J. A.; Hilton, G. C.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Sassi, E.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Bacrania, M. K.; Hoover, A. S.; Karpius, P. J.; Rabin, M. W.; Rudy, C. R.; Vo, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Jethava, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jethava@boulder.nist.gov
RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012
OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 536
EP 539
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017945
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000096
ER

PT J
AU Wikus, P
   Rutherford, JM
   Adams, JS
   Bagdasarova, Y
   Bandler, SR
   Bautz, M
   Boyce, K
   Brown, G
   Deiker, S
   Doriese, WB
   Figueroa-Feliciano, E
   Flanagan, K
   Galeazzi, M
   Hilton, GC
   Hwang, U
   Irwin, KD
   Kelley, RL
   Kallman, T
   Kilbourne, CA
   Kissel, S
   Leman, SW
   Levine, A
   Loewenstein, M
   Martinez-Galarce, D
   Mushotzky, R
   McCammon, D
   Najjar, D
   Petre, R
   Porter, FS
   Reintsema, CD
   Saab, T
   Schulz, N
   Serlemitsos, P
   Smith, R
   Ullom, JN
   Yoha, K
AF Wikus, Patrick
   Rutherford, J. M.
   Adams, J. S.
   Bagdasarova, Y.
   Bandler, S. R.
   Bautz, M.
   Boyce, K.
   Brown, G.
   Deiker, S.
   Doriese, W. B.
   Figueroa-Feliciano, E.
   Flanagan, K.
   Galeazzi, M.
   Hilton, G. C.
   Hwang, U.
   Irwin, K. D.
   Kelley, R. L.
   Kallman, T.
   Kilbourne, C. A.
   Kissel, S.
   Leman, S. W.
   Levine, A.
   Loewenstein, M.
   Martinez-Galarce, D.
   Mushotzky, R.
   McCammon, D.
   Najjar, D.
   Petre, R.
   Porter, F. S.
   Reintsema, C. D.
   Saab, T.
   Schulz, N.
   Serlemitsos, P.
   Smith, R.
   Ullom, J. N.
   Yoha, K.
TI Micro-X, the TES X-ray Imaging Rocket: First Year Progress
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Cryogenics; rockets; SQUIDs; transition edge sensors; X-ray astronomy
AB Micro-X is a sounding-rocket experiment that will combine a transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter array with an imaging mirror to obtain high-spectral-resolution images of astronomical X-ray sources. The instrument's resolution across the 0.3-2.5 keV band will be 2 eV. The first flight will target the region of the Bright Eastern Knot of the Puppis A supernova remnant and is slated for January 2011. The obtained high-resolution X-ray spectra will be used to ascertain the temperature and ionization state of the X-ray-emitting gas and to determine its velocity structure.
   The TES array is read out by a time-division superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexing system. The detector front end assembly and the SQUID multiplexing circuit are cooled to the operating temperature of 50 mK with an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The design of this refrigerator is tailored to the requirements of rocket flight. Stable operation of the TES array close to the ADR magnet will be achieved with a magnetic shielding system, which will be based on a combination of a bucking coil and high-permeability and superconducting shield materials to cancel out residual fields.
   We describe our progress in developing the Micro-X instrument.
C1 [Wikus, Patrick; Rutherford, J. M.; Bagdasarova, Y.; Bautz, M.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Flanagan, K.; Kissel, S.; Leman, S. W.; Levine, A.; Najjar, D.; Schulz, N.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Adams, J. S.; Bandler, S. R.; Boyce, K.; Hwang, U.; Kelley, R. L.; Kallman, T.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Loewenstein, M.; Mushotzky, R.; Petre, R.; Porter, F. S.; Serlemitsos, P.; Smith, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Brown, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Energy Dens Phys & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Deiker, S.; Martinez-Galarce, D.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
   [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Galeazzi, M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.
   [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Saab, T.; Yoha, K.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Wikus, P (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM wikus@mit.edu
RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; Porter,
   Frederick/D-3501-2012
OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter,
   Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 553
EP 556
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019129
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000100
ER

PT J
AU Toonen, RC
   Benz, SP
AF Toonen, Ryan C.
   Benz, Samuel P.
TI Nonlinear Behavior of Electronic Components Characterized With Precision
   Multitones From a Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Harmonic distortion; intermodulation distortion; Josephson arrays;
   signal generators
ID DISTORTION; RADIOS
AB We have extended the application of quantum-based electrical standards from single frequency calibrations to multi-tone tests that can be used to characterize the nonlinear behavior of electronic components and circuits. Specifically, we have used a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer to generate highly accurate, two-tone waveforms having center frequencies ranging from 10 kHz to 1 MHz. These waveforms have unprecedented spectral purity because they are constructed from perfectly quantized voltage pulses. Using this measurement system, we have characterized the intermodulation distortion properties of a highly linear amplifier used in metrological applications. Additionally, we have shown that these test signals can be upconverted to microwave frequencies, so that they may be used to characterize the nonlinearities of RF and microwave components.
C1 [Toonen, Ryan C.; Benz, Samuel P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Voltage Project, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Toonen, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Act Thin Films Team, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
EM ryan.toonen@arl.army.mil; benz@boulder.nist.gov
NR 15
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 715
EP 718
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019051
PN 1
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000136
ER

PT J
AU Booth, JC
   Orloff, ND
   Mateu, J
AF Booth, James C.
   Orloff, Nathan D.
   Mateu, Jordi
TI Measurement of the Microwave Nonlinear Response of Combined
   Ferroelectric-Superconductor Transmission Lines
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Coplanar waveguide; ferroelectric; nonlinear response; transmission line
ID THIN-FILMS
AB We fabricated nonlinear transmission lines and resonators that incorporate both distributed nonlinear capacitance and distributed nonlinear inductance in order to explore how such nonlinear elements interact in a combined nonlinear device. This work is motivated by the desire to reduce the nonlinearity associated with high temperature superconductor (HTS) microwave circuits by active cancellation through the use of nonlinear dielectrics. We characterized the nonlinear response of composite HTS-ferroelectric devices by combining intermodulation distortion (IMD) measurements vs. incident power with detailed linear measurements to extract the nonlinear circuit impedance. By directly comparing a resonator whose nonlinear response is dominated by the HTS nonlinear response with the nonlinear response of the composite HTS-ferroelectric device at different temperatures, we were able to differentiate between HTS and ferroelectric contributions to the overall nonlinear response. Although we observe no direct evidence for the cancellation or compensation of inductive HTS nonlinear effects due to the capacitive nonlinearity of integrated ferroelectric materials, we do observe a cross-over as a function of temperature from capacitive-dominated nonlinearity to inductive-dominated nonlinearity.
C1 [Booth, James C.; Orloff, Nathan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Mateu, Jordi] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain.
RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM booth@boulder.nist.gov
RI mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015
OI mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 940
EP 943
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018087
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000190
ER

PT J
AU Castellanos-Beltran, MA
   Irwin, KD
   Vale, LR
   Hilton, GC
   Lehnert, KW
AF Castellanos-Beltran, Manuel A.
   Irwin, Kent D.
   Vale, Leila R.
   Hilton, Gene C.
   Lehnert, Konrad W.
TI Bandwidth and Dynamic Range of a Widely Tunable Josephson Parametric
   Amplifier
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Gain measurement; Josephson amplifiers; Josephson arrays; parametric
   amplifiers; SQUIDs
ID NOISE; CIRCUIT
AB We characterize the signal bandwidth and dynamic range of a recently developed type of Josephson parametric amplifier. These amplifiers consist of a series array of SQUIDs embedded in a microwave cavity. They are narrow band, only amplifying signals close to the cavity's resonance frequency, but the cavity's resonance frequency, and hence the amplified band, can be widely tuned. For a particular realization of these amplifiers we measure how the signal bandwidth depends on amplifier's gain. We find that the amplitude gain times signal bandwidth is approximately the linewidth of the cavity. In addition we measure the amplifier's dynamic range and saturation power.
C1 [Castellanos-Beltran, Manuel A.; Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Castellanos-Beltran, Manuel A.; Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Irwin, Kent D.; Vale, Leila R.; Hilton, Gene C.; Lehnert, Konrad W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Castellanos-Beltran, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM castellm@colorado.edu; irwin@nist.gov; leila.vale@nist.gov;
   gene.hilton@nist.gov; konrad.lehnert@jila.colorado.edu
RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009
OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649
NR 14
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 944
EP 947
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018119
PN 1
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000191
ER

PT J
AU Cicak, K
   Allman, MS
   Strong, JA
   Osborn, KD
   Simmonds, RW
AF Cicak, Katarina
   Allman, Michael S.
   Strong, Joshua A.
   Osborn, Kevin D.
   Simmonds, Raymond W.
TI Vacuum-Gap Capacitors for Low-Loss Superconducting Resonant Circuits
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE High-Q resonator; loss tangent; low-loss superconducting capacitor;
   superconducting qubit; vacuum-gap capacitor; vacuum microelectronics
AB Low-loss microwave components are used in many superconducting resonant circuits from multiplexed readouts of low-temperature detector arrays to quantum bits. Two-level system defects in amorphous dielectric materials cause excess energy loss. In an effort to improve capacitor components, we have used optical lithography and micromachining techniques to develop superconducting parallel-plate capacitors in which lossy dielectrics are replaced by vacuum gaps. Resonance measurements at 50 mK on lumped LC circuits that incorporate these vacuum-gap capacitors (VGCs) reveal loss tangents at low powers as low as 4 x 10(-5) significantly lower than with capacitors using amorphous dielectrics. VGCs are structurally robust, small, and easily scaled to capacitance values above 100 pF.
C1 [Cicak, Katarina; Allman, Michael S.; Strong, Joshua A.; Osborn, Kevin D.; Simmonds, Raymond W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Cicak, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM cicak@boulder.nist.gov; mallman@boulder.nist.gov;
   strong@boulder.nist.gov; osborn@lps.umd.edu; simmonds@boulder.nist.gov
RI Allman, Michael/E-5922-2011
NR 12
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 948
EP 952
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019665
PN 1
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000192
ER

PT J
AU Mueller, F
   Behr, R
   Weimann, T
   Palafox, L
   Olaya, D
   Dresselhaus, PD
   Benz, SP
AF Mueller, F.
   Behr, R.
   Weimann, T.
   Palafox, L.
   Olaya, D.
   Dresselhaus, P. D.
   Benz, S. P.
TI 1 V and 10 V SNS Programmable Voltage Standards for 70 GHz
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE AC Josephson voltage standard; Josephson arrays; programmable Josephson
   voltage standard; SINIS junction; SNS junction
ID JOSEPHSON TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; SUPERCONDUCTOR JUNCTIONS; CIRCUITS; BARRIERS
AB Programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVSs) in combination with fast switchable DC current sources have opened up new applications in the field of low-frequency AC metrology. The growing interest in output voltages of up to +/- 10 V initiated efforts by several National Metrological Institutes to realize 10 V PJVSs. Presently, only 10 V PJVSs from PTB based on SINIS junctions have been successfully incorporated into existing setups for AC metrology. However, the fabrication of 10 V SINIS arrays that are driven at 70 GHz suffers from very low yield. The recent technological progress made at NIST enabled the drop-in replacement of the low-yield SINIS arrays by more robust SNS arrays. The N-material is an amorphous Nb(x)Si(1-x) alloy near the metal-insulator transition and is deposited by co-sputtering. For the first time, fully operational 1 V and 10 V PJVSs with SNS junctions that are suitable for a 70 GHz drive have been fabricated and tested. This work was done in close cooperation between NIST and PTB.
C1 [Mueller, F.; Behr, R.; Weimann, T.; Palafox, L.] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
   [Olaya, D.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Benz, S. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Mueller, F (reprint author), PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
EM franz.mueller@ptb.de; samuel.benz@nist.gov
OI Palafox, Luis/0000-0001-7663-856X
NR 24
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 981
EP 986
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017911
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000199
ER

PT J
AU Dresselhaus, PD
   Elsbury, MM
   Benz, SP
AF Dresselhaus, Paul D.
   Elsbury, Michael M.
   Benz, Samuel P.
TI Tapered Transmission Lines With Dissipative Junctions
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Josephson arrays; nonlinear circuits; superconducting transmission
   lines; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices
ID SUPERCONDUCTING STRIPLINES; JOSEPHSON; CIRCUITS
AB NIST is optimizing the design of a 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard so that it uses less microwave power by employing fewer parallel-biased arrays with higher voltage per array. Increasing the voltage per array by adding more junctions is challenging because the dissipation of the over-damped Josephson junctions limits the total number that may be located in each array. If there is too much dissipation in the array, the junctions at the end receive too little microwave power compared with the junctions at the beginning of the array. To compensate for the junction attenuation, tapered impedance transmission lines were used to maintain a nearly constant microwave current along the lossy transmission line. Simulation and testing have improved the microwave uniformity of our designs for tapered impedances from 85 Ohms to 5 Ohms. Low-leakage bias tees for various characteristic impedances were designed so that sub-arrays could be measured within long arrays. These tapered arrays have improved the bias current margins, junction number, and bandwidth of NIST junction arrays.
   By measuring the microwave power from the output of these long arrays, harmonic generation and the nonlinear properties of dissipative junction arrays are studied.
C1 [Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Elsbury, Michael M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Dresselhaus, PD (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM paul.dressel-haus@nist.gov; mike.elsbury@nist.gov; benz@boulder.nist.gov
NR 16
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 993
EP 998
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019245
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000201
ER

PT J
AU Elsbury, MM
   Burroughs, CJ
   Dresselhaus, PD
   Popovic, ZB
   Benz, SP
AF Elsbury, Michael M.
   Burroughs, Charles J.
   Dresselhaus, Paul D.
   Popovic, Zoya B.
   Benz, Samuel P.
TI Microwave Packaging for Voltage Standard Applications
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Applied Superconductivity Conference
CY AUG 17-22, 2008
CL Chicago, IL
SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston
DE Cryogenic electronics; integrated circuit packaging; Josephson arrays;
   Josephson device packaging; superconducting device packaging;
   superconducting integrated circuits; superconducting microwave devices
AB Improved packages for Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS) circuits have increased operating margins, reliability, and longevity of JVS systems. By using the "flip-chip-on-flex" technique, reliable chip and cryoprobe mounting have been demonstrated. The microwave structures on these packages have been improved such that more power can be delivered to the JVS chip over a wider frequency range: DC to over 30 GHz. Detailed finite-element simulations were performed to optimize the chip-to-flex launches as well as the on-flex transmission lines. It was found that coplanar waveguide transmission line designs had improved insertion and return losses compared to those of the microstrip transmission line designs, in large part due to the large discontinuities associated with through-substrate vias for microstrip ground connections. The improved coplanar-waveguide package/probe yielded insertion loss dominated by the similar to 0.25 dB/GHz cable loss and VSWR better than 2:1 for the entire 0-30 GHz band. Substantially larger JVS system operating margins were measured using the coplanar-waveguide package; for a 5120 junction array a quantized voltage step greater than 1 mA bias current range is shown for a 10-30 GHz band.
C1 [Elsbury, Michael M.; Popovic, Zoya B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Burroughs, Charles J.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Elsbury, MM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM michael.elsbury@colorado.edu; paul.dresselhaus@nist.gov;
   zoya.popovic@col-orado.edu
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 1012
EP 1015
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018766
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KK
UT WOS:000268282000205
ER

PT J
AU Parrell, JA
   Zhang, YZ
   Field, MB
   Meinesz, M
   Huang, YB
   Miao, HP
   Hong, S
   Cheggour, N
   Goodrich, L
AF Parrell, Jeff A.
   Zhang, Youzhu
   Field, Mike B.
   Meinesz, Maarten
   Huang, Yibing
   Miao, Hanping
   Hong, Seung
   Cheggour, Najib
   Goodrich, Loren
TI Internal Tin Nb3Sn Conductors Engineered for Fusion and Particle
   Accelerator Applications
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Internal tin; Nb3Sn; superconducting materials
ID PERFORMANCE; STRAND; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; MAGNETS; SAMPLES
AB The critical current density (J(c)) of Nb3Sn strand has been significantly improved over the last several years. For most magnet applications, high J(c) internal tin has displaced bronze process strand. The highest J(c) values are obtained from distributed barrier strands. We have continued development of strands made with Nb-47wt% Ti rods to supply the dopant, and have achieved J(c) values of 3000 A/mm(2) (12 T, 4.2 K). Such wires have very good higher field performance as well, reaching 1700 A/mm(2) at 15 T. To reduce the effective filament diameter in these high J(c) strands, the number of subelement rods incorporated into the final restack billet has been increased to 127 in routine production, and results are presented on experimental 217 stacks. A new re-extrusion technique for improving the monofilament shape is also described. For fusion applications such as ITER, we have developed single-barrier internal tin strands having non-Cu J(c) values over 1100 A/mm(2) (12 T, 4.2 K) with hysteresis losses less than 700 mJ/cm(3) over non-Cu volume. The J(c)-strain behavior of such composites is also presented.
C1 [Parrell, Jeff A.; Zhang, Youzhu; Field, Mike B.; Meinesz, Maarten; Huang, Yibing; Miao, Hanping; Hong, Seung; Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren] Oxford Instruments, Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA.
   [Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Parrell, JA (reprint author), Oxford Instruments, Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA.
EM jeff.parrell@oxinst.com; youzhu.zhang@oxinst.com; mike.field@oxinst.com;
   maarten.meinesz@oxinst.com; yibing.huang@oxinst.com;
   hanping.miao@oxinst.com; seung.hong@oxinst.com;
   cheg-gour@boulder.nist.gov; goodrich@boulder.nist.gov
RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012
OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065
FU High Energy Physics Division of DOE through Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory [DE-AC03-76SF00098]
FX This work was supported in part by the High Energy Physics Division of
   DOE through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Contract
   DE-AC03-76SF00098).
NR 31
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 2573
EP 2579
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018074
PN 3
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KM
UT WOS:000268282200010
ER

PT J
AU Motowidlo, LR
   Barzi, E
   Turrioni, D
   Cheggour, N
   Goodrich, LF
AF Motowidlo, Leszek R.
   Barzi, Emanuela
   Turrioni, Daniele
   Cheggour, Najib
   Goodrich, Loren F.
TI An Octagonal Architecture for High Strength PIT Nb3Sn Conductors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hexagonal architecture; irreversible strain; Nb3Sn wire; octagonal
   architecture; powder-in-tube
AB Powder-in-Tube (PIT) Nb3Sn conductors have been fabricated with a low-cost intermetallic Cu5Sn4 powder as the tin source. A novel octagonal PIT design that incorporates dispersion strengthened copper as well as a hexagonal PIT design were fabricated. In this paper, we compare the critical current and strain properties of the octagonal PIT conductor designs with standard hexagonal PIT conductor designs.
C1 [Motowidlo, Leszek R.] SupraMagnetics Inc, Plantsville, CT 06479 USA.
   [Barzi, Emanuela; Turrioni, Daniele] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
   [Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Motowidlo, LR (reprint author), SupraMagnetics Inc, Plantsville, CT 06479 USA.
EM LMOTO@cox.net; barzi@fnal.gov; cheggour@boulder.nist.gov
RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012
OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER84381]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant
   DE-FG02-05ER84381 (High Energy Physics).
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 2598
EP 2601
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018155
PN 3
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KM
UT WOS:000268282200015
ER

PT J
AU Godeke, A
   Turrioni, D
   Boutboul, T
   Cheggour, N
   Ghosh, AK
   Goodrich, LF
   Meinesz, M
   den Ouden, A
AF Godeke, Arno
   Turrioni, Daniele
   Boutboul, Thierry
   Cheggour, Najib
   Ghosh, Arup K.
   Goodrich, Loren F.
   Meinesz, Maarten
   den Ouden, Andries
TI Interlaboratory Comparisons of NbTi Critical Current Measurements
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Critical current; NbTi; round robin; standardization
ID HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS
AB We report on a multi-institute comparison of critical current data measured on a modern NbTi wire for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which has shown a standard deviation below 1% in critical current density spread in more than 1500 measurements. Interlaboratory comparisons on Nb(3)Sn wires have shown ambiguities that could be attributable to strain related differences in critical current density, originating from differences in sample handling, reaction, and mounting techniques, or also to differences in the magnetic field and current calibrations between the institutes. A round robin test of a well characterized NbTi wire provides a baseline variance in critical current results that is presumed to be attributable only to differences in the characterization systems. Systematic differences on the order of 3.5% are found in the comparison. The most likely cause for the observed differences is a small diameter holder that brings the wire into a strain regime in which strain effects can no longer be ignored. A NbTi round robin test, when performed properly, will separate system differences from sample specific differences and provide laboratories with an opportunity to calibrate equipment against a standard measurement.
C1 [Godeke, Arno] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Turrioni, Daniele] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
   [Boutboul, Thierry] CERN, AT MCS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
   [Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Ghosh, Arup K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Meinesz, Maarten] Oxford Instruments, Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA.
   [den Ouden, Andries] Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, Low Temp Div, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
RP Godeke, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM agodeke@lbl.gov; turrioni@fnal.gov; thierry.boutboul@cern.ch;
   cheggour@boulder.nist.gov; aghosh@bnl.gov; goodrich@boulder.nist.gov;
   maarten.meinesz@oxinst.com; a.denouden@utwente.nl
RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012
OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065
FU Director Office of Science High Energy Physics U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Director Office of Science High Energy
   Physics U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 12
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 3
BP 2633
EP 2636
DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019096
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 474KM
UT WOS:000268282200023
ER

PT J
AU Hu, CM
   Muller-Karger, F
   Murch, B
   Myhre, D
   Taylor, J
   Luerssen, R
   Moses, C
   Zhang, CY
   Gramer, L
   Hendee, J
AF Hu, Chuanmin
   Muller-Karger, Frank
   Murch, Brock
   Myhre, Douglas
   Taylor, Judd
   Luerssen, Remy
   Moses, Christopher
   Zhang, Caiyun
   Gramer, Lew
   Hendee, James
TI Building an Automated Integrated Observing System to Detect Sea Surface
   Temperature Anomaly Events in the Florida Keys
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR); cloud detection;
   coastal ocean observing system (COOS); Florida Keys; MODerate-resolution
   Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); remote sensing; sea surface
   temperature (SST); water quality
ID MISSISSIPPI-RIVER FLOOD; CORAL-REEF; CLOUD DETECTION; AVHRR DATA;
   FRONTAL EDDIES; SST IMAGES; SATELLITE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; GULF
AB Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) images have had limited applications in near-shore and coastal environments due to inadequate spatial resolution, incorrect geocorrection, or cloud contamination. We have developed a practical approach to remove these errors using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer (MODIS) I-km resolution data. The objective was to improve the accuracy of SST anomaly estimates in the Florida Keys and to provide the best quality (in particular, high temporal and spatial resolutions) SST data products for this region. After manual navigation of over 47 000 AVHRR images (1993-2005), we implemented a cloud-filtering technique that differs from previously published image processing methods. The filter used a 12-year climatology and +/-3-day running SST statistics to flag cloud-contaminated pixels. Comparison with concurrent (+/-0.5 h) data from the SEAKEYS in situ stations in the Florida Keys showed near-zero bias errors (< 0.05 degrees C) in the weekly anomaly for SST anomalies between -3 degrees C and 3 degrees C, with standard deviations < 0.5 degrees C. The cloud filter was implemented using Interactive Data Language for near-real-time processing of AVHRR and MODIS data. The improved SST products were used to detect SST anomalies and to estimate degree-heating weeks (DHWs) to assess the potential for coral reef stress. The mean and anomaly products are updated weekly, with periodic updates of the DHW products, on a Web site. The SST data at specific geographical locations were also automatically ingested in near real time into National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Integrated Coral Observing Network Web-based application to assist in management and decision making through a novel expert system tool (G2) implemented at NOAA.
C1 [Hu, Chuanmin; Murch, Brock; Myhre, Douglas] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
   [Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Dartmouth, MA 02744 USA.
   [Taylor, Judd] Orbital Syst Ltd, Dallas, TX 75063 USA.
   [Luerssen, Remy] James Madison Univ, Virginia Coastal Energy Res Consortium, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA.
   [Moses, Christopher] Jacobs Technol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
   [Zhang, Caiyun] Xiamen Univ, Coll Oceanog & Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.
   [Gramer, Lew] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Hendee, James] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RI Hendee, James/E-6358-2010; hu, chuanmin/J-5021-2012; Gramer,
   Lewis/A-5620-2010
OI Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354; Gramer, Lewis/0000-0003-4772-1991
FU National Aeronautics and Atmospheric Administration; National Oceanic
   and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); The Nature Conservancy
FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and
   Atmospheric Administration (NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry
   Program and Interdisciplinary EOS Program) and in part by the National
   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation
   Program and The Nature Conservancy.
NR 56
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 47
IS 6
BP 1607
EP 1620
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2007425
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
   Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
   & Photographic Technology
GA 450NW
UT WOS:000266409100004
ER

PT J
AU Gaderer, G
   Lee, K
AF Gaderer, Georg
   Lee, Kang
TI Foreword to the Special Section on the 2007 IEEE International Symposium
   on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control, and
   Communication
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Gaderer, Georg] Austrian Acad Sci, Clock Synchronizat Res Grp, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
   [Lee, Kang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Dev & Applicat Grp, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gaderer, G (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Clock Synchronizat Res Grp, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 58
IS 6
BP 1831
EP 1832
DI 10.1109/TIM.2009.2013651
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 447EH
UT WOS:000266173900004
ER

PT J
AU Yoo, SJ
   Golmie, N
AF Yoo, Sang-Jo
   Golmie, Nada
TI QoS Supported Dynamic Channel Scanning for Seamless Handovers in
   Wireless Networks
SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE scanning; QoS support; seamless handover
AB Channel scanning is an important aspect of seamless handovers since it is required in order to find a target point of attachment (PoA). However, channel scanning in single radio devices may cause severe service disruptions with the current PoA so that the provided QoS will be further degraded during a handover. In this letter, we propose a dynamic channel scanning algorithm that supports QoS. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism reduces the service disruptions and provides the desired QoS to users during the scanning period.
C1 [Yoo, Sang-Jo] Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea.
   NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yoo, SJ (reprint author), Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea.
EM sjyoo@inha.ac.kr; nada.golmie@nist.gov
FU Inha University Research Grant
FX This work was supported by Inha University Research Grant.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG
PI TOKYO
PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011,
   JAPAN
SN 0916-8516
EI 1745-1345
J9 IEICE T COMMUN
JI IEICE Trans. Commun.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL E92B
IS 6
BP 2267
EP 2270
DI 10.1587/transcom.E92.B.2267
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 466CN
UT WOS:000267638400048
ER

PT J
AU Xue, M
   Liu, Y
   Schaffino, RM
   Xiang, SC
   Zhao, XJ
   Zhu, GS
   Qiu, SL
   Chen, BL
AF Xue, Ming
   Liu, Yun
   Schaffino, Roxanna M.
   Xiang, Shengchang
   Zhao, Xiaojun
   Zhu, Guang-Shan
   Qiu, Shi-Lun
   Chen, Banglin
TI New Prototype Isoreticular Metal-Organic Framework Zn4O(FMA)(3) for Gas
   Storage
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROPOROUS METAL; HYDROGEN STORAGE; SELECTIVE SORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE;
   HIGH-CAPACITY; PORE-SIZE; ADSORPTION; METHANE; DESIGN; SITES
AB A new isoreticular metal-organic framework Zn4O(FMA)(3)center dot xG (1; FMA = fumarate; G = guest molecules) of a primitive cubic net was synthesized and structurally characterized. With intersecting pores of about 6.8 x 6.8 angstrom, the activated 1 a exhibits high gas adsorption with respect to H-2, CH4, and CO2.
C1 [Xue, Ming; Schaffino, Roxanna M.; Xiang, Shengchang; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Chem, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA.
   [Xue, Ming; Zhao, Xiaojun; Zhu, Guang-Shan; Qiu, Shi-Lun] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Yun] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Chem, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA.
EM banglin@utpa.edu
RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Zhu, Guangshan/E-2024-2013; Liu,
   Yun/A-2478-2010; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012
OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Xiang,
   Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153
FU NSF [CHE 0718281]; State Basic Research Project [2006CB806100];
   Outstanding Young Scientist Foundation of NSFC [20625102]
FX This work was supported by Award CHE 0718281 from the NSF (B.C.), the
   State Basic Research Project (2006CB806100), and the Outstanding Young
   Scientist Foundation of NSFC (Grant 20625102).
NR 38
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 2
U2 27
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD JUN 1
PY 2009
VL 48
IS 11
BP 4649
EP 4651
DI 10.1021/ic900486r
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 450VB
UT WOS:000266428100020
PM 19405500
ER

PT J
AU Hu, RQY
   Hu, WW
   Jin, MZ
   Qian, Y
AF Hu, Rose Qingyang
   Hu, Weiwei
   Jin, Mingzhou
   Qian, Yi
TI Wavelength retuning without service interruption in an all-optical
   survivable network
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE backup path wavelength retuning (BPWR); one-path model; two-path model;
   switch-to-available-wavelength (STAW); exchange-wavelength (ECW);
   wavelength continuity
ID REROUTING ALGORITHM; WDM NETWORKS
AB This paper proposes a new wavelength retuning (WRT) scheme in an all-optical WDM network. Compared with the existing WRT schemes developed for all-optical networks, which can alleviate the wavelength-continuity constraint but cannot avoid service interruption or data loss, the proposed scheme is able to alleviate the wavelength-continuity constraint and reduce the connection blocking probability with no service interruption to the on-going traffic. This is achieved by allocating two routes, one for active path and one for backup path, to each incoming connection request and conducting WRT only on the backup path. The backup path provides an alternate path in case of a failure, while the active path carries traffic under normal conditions. Thus, WRT on the backup path will not cause any impact on data transmission. An optimal backup path WRT scheme and a heuristic algorithm are developed and the performance evaluation on the proposed schemes is presented. The simulation results show that the proposed optimal scheme reduces the connection blocking probability by 46.8% on average, while the proposed heuristic scheme reduces the blocking probability by 28.3% on average, all compared with the scheme without WRT. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Qian, Yi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Hu, Rose Qingyang] Nortel Networks, Richardson, TX 75082 USA.
   [Hu, Weiwei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
   [Jin, Mingzhou] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Qian, Y (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM yqian@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1074-5351
J9 INT J COMMUN SYST
JI Int. J. Commun. Syst.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 6
BP 719
EP 738
DI 10.1002/dac.995
PG 20
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 459OD
UT WOS:000267111700004
ER

PT J
AU Polikhronidi, NG
   Abdulagatov, IM
   Batyrova, RG
   Stepanov, GV
AF Polikhronidi, N. G.
   Abdulagatov, I. M.
   Batyrova, R. G.
   Stepanov, G. V.
TI Experimental Study of the Critical Behavior of the Isochoric Heat
   Capacity of Aqueous Ammonia Mixture
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
DE Ammonia; Binary mixture; Coexistence curve; Critical parameters;
   Critical point; Equation of state; Isochoric heat capacity; Krichevskii
   parameter; Maxcondetherm; Quasi-static thermograms; Retrograde
   phenomena; Water
ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES;
   THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CRITICAL-POINT; CRITICAL REGION; INFINITE
   DILUTION; WATER-SYSTEM; CORRESPONDING STATES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS
AB The isochoric heat capacity of a NH(3) + H(2)O (0.2607 mole fraction of ammonia) mixture has been measured in the near- and supercritical regions. Measurements were made in the single- and two-phase regions including the coexistence curve using a high-temperature, high-pressure, nearly constant-volume adiabatic calorimeter. Measurements were made along 38 liquid and vapor isochores in the range from 120.03 kg center dot m(-3) to 671.23 kg center dot m(-3) and at temperatures from 478 K to 634 K and at pressures up to 28 MPa. Temperatures at the liquid-gas phase transition curve, T (S)(rho), for each measured density (isochore) and the critical parameters (T (C) and rho (C)) for the 0.2607 NH(3) + 0.7393 H(2)O mixture were obtained using the quasi-static thermograms technique. The expanded uncertainty of the heat-capacity measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 2 % to 3 % in the near-critical and supercritical regions, 1.0 % to 1.5 % in the liquid phase, and 3 % to 4 % in the vapor phase. Uncertainties of the density, temperature, and concentration measurements are estimated to be 0.06 %, 15mK, and 5x10(-5) mole fraction, respectively. An unusual behavior of the isochoric heat capacity of the mixture was found near the maxcondetherm point (in the retrograde region). The value of the Krichevskii parameter was calculated using the critical properties data for the mixture and vapor-pressure data for the pure solvent (H(2)O). The derived value of the Krichevskii parameter was used to analyze the critical behavior of the strong (C (P) , K (T) ) and weakly (C (V) ) singular properties in terms of the principle of isomorphism of critical phenomena in binary mixtures. The values of the characteristic parameters (K (1), K (2)), temperatures (tau (1), tau (2)), and the characteristic density differences (Delta rho (1), Delta rho (2)) were calculated for the NH(3) + H(2)O mixture by using the critical-curve data.
C1 [Polikhronidi, N. G.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Batyrova, R. G.; Stepanov, G. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
   [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov
FU Russian Foundation of Basic Research [RFBR 08-08-12258]
FX I. M. Abdulagatov thanks the Thermophysical Properties Division at the
   National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to
   work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research.
   This study was also supported by the Grant from the Russian Foundation
   of Basic Research RFBR 08-08-12258. The authors also thank Dr. J. W.
   Magee for his help in promoting this study and for useful discussions.
NR 113
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 7
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 30
IS 3
BP 737
EP 781
DI 10.1007/s10765-009-0602-6
PG 45
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 470VF
UT WOS:000268008700001
ER

PT J
AU King-Smith, PE
   Fink, BA
   Nichols, JJ
   Nichols, KK
   Braun, RJ
   McFadden, GB
AF King-Smith, P. Ewen
   Fink, Barbara A.
   Nichols, Jason J.
   Nichols, Kelly K.
   Braun, Richard J.
   McFadden, Geoffrey B.
TI The Contribution of Lipid Layer Movement to Tear Film Thinning and
   Breakup
SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-EQUATION MODELS; PRECORNEAL FILM; CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BLINK
   CYCLE; DRY EYE; THICKNESS; RUPTURE; SURFACE; TIME; DESICCATION
AB PURPOSE. To investigate whether the tear film thinning between blinks is caused by evaporation or by tangential flow of the tear film along the surface of the cornea. Tangential flow was studied by measuring the movement of the lipid layer.
   METHODS. Four video recordings of the lipid layer of the tear film were made from 16 normal subjects, with the subjects keeping their eyes open for up to 30 seconds after a blink. To assess vertical and horizontal stretching of the lipid layer and underlying aqueous layer, lipid movement was analyzed at five positions, a middle position 1 mm below the corneal center, and four positions respectively 1 mm above, below, nasal, and temporal to this middle position. In addition, in 13 subjects, the thinning of the tear film after a blink was measured.
   RESULTS. The total upward movement could be fitted by the sum of an exponential decay plus a slow steady drift; this drift was upward in 14 of 16 subjects (P = 0.002). Areas of thick lipid were seen to expand causing upward or downward drift or horizontal movement. The velocity of the initial rapid upward movement and the time constant of upward movement were found to correlate significantly with tear film thickness but not with tear-thinning rate.
   CONCLUSIONS. Analysis indicated that the observed movement of the lipid layer was too slow to explain the observed thinning rate of the tear film. In the Appendix, it is shown that flow under a stationary lipid layer cannot explain the observed thinning rate. It is concluded that most of the observed tear thinning between blinks is due to evaporation. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009; 50: 2747-2756) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2459
C1 [King-Smith, P. Ewen; Fink, Barbara A.; Nichols, Jason J.; Nichols, Kelly K.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Braun, Richard J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
   [McFadden, Geoffrey B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP King-Smith, PE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, 338 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM king-smith.1@osu.edu
RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; 
OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Nichols,
   Jason/0000-0003-1519-7734
FU Ohio Lions Eye Research Foundation
FX Supported by the Ohio Lions Eye Research Foundation.
NR 45
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 11
PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA
SN 0146-0404
J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI
JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 50
IS 6
BP 2747
EP 2756
DI 10.1167/iovs.08-2459
PG 10
WC Ophthalmology
SC Ophthalmology
GA 450ME
UT WOS:000266403800032
PM 19218611
ER

PT J
AU Borsa, T
   Williams, DF
   Hale, PD
   Van Zeghbroeck, B
AF Borsa, Tomoko
   Williams, Dylan F.
   Hale, Paul D.
   Van Zeghbroeck, Bart
TI Novel Nano-structured Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetector with High
   Peak Voltage
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 21st International Microprocesses and Nanotechnology Conference
CY OCT 27-30, 2008
CL Fukuoka, JAPAN
SP Japan Soc Appl Phys & Tech, IEEE Elect Device Soc, Assoc Super Adv Elect Technol, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japan Soc Precis Engn, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Japanese Soc Microscopy, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan
ID TRANSITION
AB A novel nano-structured metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector consisting of interdigitated metal fingers and nanodots is successfully fabricated on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate by electron beam lithography, and integrated with an on-chip ground-signal-ground coplanar transmission line for pulse response measurements. The fabricated nano-structured metal-semiconcluctor-metal photodetector can be operated at 5 V, more than three times higher than the operating voltage of the regular metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector composed of narrowly spaced interdigitated electrodes only. Its dark current is lower than 0.5 nA until the bias voltage approaches the breakdown voltage. More importantly, it demonstrates a more than three times higher peak voltage output than that of the regular metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector while maintaining approximately a 10ps pulse width that is limited by the bandwidth of the measurement setup, not by the speed of the photodetector. The transit model simulation indicates that the amplitude of the pulse response is strongly influenced by the voltage collapse across the photodetector. (C) 2009 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
C1 [Borsa, Tomoko; Van Zeghbroeck, Bart] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Williams, Dylan F.; Hale, Paul D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Borsa, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, 425 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED PHYSICS
PI TOKYO
PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO,
   102-0073, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 48
IS 6
AR 06FD03
DI 10.1143/JJAP.48.06FD03
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 466PM
UT WOS:000267674600027
ER

PT J
AU Ilavsky, J
   Jemian, PR
   Allen, AJ
   Zhang, F
   Levine, LE
   Long, GG
AF Ilavsky, Jan
   Jemian, Pete R.
   Allen, Andrew J.
   Zhang, Fan
   Levine, Lyle E.
   Long, Gabrielle G.
TI Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering at the Advanced Photon Source
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS); Advanced Photon Source (APS)
ID DOUBLE-CRYSTAL DIFFRACTOMETER; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS;
   NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PARASITIC SCATTERING; INSTRUMENT; RESOLUTION; USANS;
   SYNCHROTRON; MECHANISM; REACTOR
AB The design and operation of a versatile ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) instrument at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory are presented. The instrument is optimized for the high brilliance and low emittance of an APS undulator source. It has angular and energy resolutions of the order of 10(-4), accurate and repeatable X-ray energy tunability over its operational energy range from 8 to 18 keV, and a dynamic intensity range of 10(8) to 10(9), depending on the configuration. It further offers quantitative primary calibration of X-ray scattering cross sections, a scattering vector range from 0.0001 to 1 angstrom(-1), and stability and reliability over extended running periods. Its operational configurations include one-dimensional collimated (slit-smeared) USAXS, two-dimensional collimated USAXS and USAXS imaging. A robust data reduction and data analysis package, which was developed in parallel with the instrument, is available and supported at the APS.
C1 [Ilavsky, Jan; Jemian, Pete R.; Zhang, Fan; Long, Gabrielle G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Allen, Andrew J.; Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ilavsky, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM ilavsky@aps.anl.gov
RI Zhang, Fan/A-6133-2010; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; 
OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology for the
   University-National Laboratory-Industry Collaborative Access Team
   (UNICAT); US Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The APS USAXS instrument was originally constructed by the National
   Institute of Standards and Technology for the University-National
   Laboratory-Industry Collaborative Access Team (UNICAT) for operation on
   Sector 33 of the APS. Research at the APS is supported by the US
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
   under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors thank John Barker
   (NIST) and Paul Zschack (APS) for helpful discussions.
NR 51
TC 97
Z9 97
U1 3
U2 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 42
BP 469
EP 479
DI 10.1107/S0021889809008802
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 448NC
UT WOS:000266268300014
ER

PT J
AU Ward, EJ
   Holmes, EE
   Balcomb, KC
AF Ward, Eric J.
   Holmes, Elizabeth E.
   Balcomb, Ken C.
TI Quantifying the effects of prey abundance on killer whale reproduction
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bayesian model selection; killer whale; management of endangered
   species; predator-prey interactions; resource limitation; salmon
ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ORCINUS-ORCA; SENESCENCE; PACIFIC; POPULATION;
   DEMOGRAPHY; AGE; OSCILLATION; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION
AB Management decisions for threatened and endangered species require risks to be identified and prioritized, based on the degree to which they influence population dynamics. The potential for recovery of small populations at risk may be determined by multiple factors, including intrinsic population characteristics (inbreeding, sex ratios) and extrinsic variables (prey availability, disease, human disturbance). Using Bayesian statistical methods, the impact of each of these risk factors on demographic rates can be quantified and assigned probabilities to express uncertainty.
   We assessed the impact of a wide range of factors on the fecundity of two threatened populations of killer whales Orcinus orca, specifically whether killer whale production is limited by availability of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Additional variables included anthropogenic factors, climate variables, temporal effects, and population variables (population size, number of males, female age).
   Our results indicate that killer whale fecundity is highly correlated with the abundance of Chinook salmon. For example, the probability of a female calving differed by 50% between years of low salmon abundance and high salmon abundance. Weak evidence exists for linking fecundity to other variables, such as sea surface temperature.
   There was strong data support for reproductive senescence in female killer whales. This pattern of rapid maturity and gradual decline of fecundity with age commonly seen in terrestrial mammals has been documented in few marine mammal species. Maximum production for this species occurs between ages 20-22, and reproductive performance declines gradually to menopause over a period of 25 years.
   Synthesis and applications. Our results provide strong evidence for reproductive senescence in killer whales, and more importantly, that killer whale fecundity is strongly tied to the abundance of Chinook salmon, a species that is susceptible to environmental variation and has high commercial value to fisheries. This strong predator-prey relationship highlights the importance of understanding which salmon populations overlap with killer whales seasonally and spatially, so that those salmon populations important as prey for killer whales can be identified and targeted for conservation efforts.
C1 [Ward, Eric J.; Holmes, Elizabeth E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Balcomb, Ken C.] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA.
RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Eric.Ward@noaa.gov
FU National Research Council
FX Post-doctoral funding supporting E. Ward was provided by the National
   Research Council. We would also like to thank M. Ford, C. Emmons, B.
   Hanson, and D. Noren for helpful discussions and comments, and M.
   Scheuerell for providing data for climate indices.
NR 48
TC 45
Z9 47
U1 13
U2 72
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8901
EI 1365-2664
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 632
EP 640
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01647.x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 439GE
UT WOS:000265614800017
ER

PT J
AU Heidinger, AK
   Pavolonis, MJ
AF Heidinger, Andrew K.
   Pavolonis, Michael J.
TI Gazing at Cirrus Clouds for 25 Years through a Split Window. Part I:
   Methodology
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PATMOS CLIMATE DATASET; ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION; ICE CLOUDS; RETRIEVAL;
   AVHRR; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; INFORMATION; CONTRAILS; PRODUCTS
AB This paper demonstrates that the split-window approach for estimating cloud properties can improve upon the methods commonly used for generating cloud temperature and emissivity climatologies from satellite imagers. Because the split-window method provides cloud properties that are consistent for day and night, it is ideally suited for the generation of a cloud climatology from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), which provides sampling roughly four times per day. While the split-window approach is applicable to all clouds, this paper focuses on its application to cirrus (high semitransparent ice clouds), where this approach is most powerful. An optimal estimation framework is used to extract estimates of cloud temperature, cloud emissivity, and cloud microphysics from the AVHRR split-window observations. The performance of the split-window approach is illustrated through the diagnostic quantities generated by the optimal estimation approach. An objective assessment of the performance of the algorithm cloud products from the recently launched space lidar [Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation/Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIPSO/CALIOP)] is used to characterize the performance of the AVHRR results and also to provide the constraints needed for the optimal estimation approach.
C1 [Heidinger, Andrew K.; Pavolonis, Michael J.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Heidinger, AK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
EM andrew.heidinger@noaa.gov
RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010
OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Heidinger,
   Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X
NR 26
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
EI 1558-8432
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 48
IS 6
BP 1100
EP 1116
DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1882.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 472JF
UT WOS:000268125900002
ER

PT J
AU Lu, HJ
   Xu, Q
AF Lu, Huijuan
   Xu, Qin
TI Trade-Offs between Measurement Accuracy and Resolutions in Configuring
   Phased-Array Radar Velocity Scans for Ensemble-Based Storm-Scale Data
   Assimilation
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ROOT KALMAN FILTER; MIGRATING BIRDS; PART II; MODEL; RETRIEVAL; IMPACT;
   ERROR; TESTS; WIND
AB Assimilation experiments are carried out with simulated radar radial-velocity observations to examine the impacts of observation accuracy and resolutions on storm-scale wind assimilation with an ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) on a storm-resolving grid (Delta x = 2 km). In this EnSRF, the background covariance is estimated from an ensemble of 40 imperfect-model predictions. The observation error includes both measurement error and representativeness error, and the error variance is estimated from the simulated observations against the simulated "truth.'' The results show that the analysis is not significantly improved when the measurement error is overly reduced (from 4 to 1 m s(-1)) and becomes smaller than the representativeness error. The analysis can be improved by properly coarsening the observation resolution (to 2 km in the radial direction) with an increase in measurement accuracy and further improved by properly enhancing the temporal resolution of radar volume scans (from every 5 to 2 or 1 min) with a decrease in measurement accuracy. There can be an optimal balance or trade-off between measurement accuracy and resolutions (in space and time) for configuring radar scans, especially phased-array radar scans, to improve storm-scale radar wind analysis and assimilation.
C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Lu, Huijuan] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Res Ctr Numer Predict, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Huijuan] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM qin.xu@noaa.gov
FU FAA [IA DTFA03-01-X-9007]; ONR [N000140410312]; University of Oklahoma;
   NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of
   Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227]; U. S. Department of
   Commerce; Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of
   China [2004GB418306]
FX We are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments
   and suggestions that called our attention to the representativeness
   error (not considered in the original submission) and improved the
   quality and presentation of the work. We are also thankful to Mingjing
   Tong and Xue Ming for their help in providing the original ARPS EnKF
   code, and to Mingming Yao for her help in performing numerical
   experiments for the revision. The computational resource was provided by
   the OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research at the University
   of Oklahoma. The research work was supported by the FAA Contract IA
   DTFA03-01-X-9007 to NSSL and by ONR Grant N000140410312 to CIMMS, the
   University of Oklahoma. Funding was also provided to CIMMS by
   NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of
   Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U. S. Department of Commerce.
   Part of this work was also funded by the Key Project of the National
   Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 2004GB418306.
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 48
IS 6
BP 1230
EP 1244
DI 10.1175/2008JAMC2009.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 472JF
UT WOS:000268125900009
ER

PT J
AU Knupp, KR
   Ware, R
   Cimini, D
   Vandenberghe, F
   Vivekanandan, J
   Westwater, E
   Coleman, T
   Phillips, D
AF Knupp, K. R.
   Ware, R.
   Cimini, D.
   Vandenberghe, F.
   Vivekanandan, J.
   Westwater, E.
   Coleman, T.
   Phillips, D.
TI Ground-Based Passive Microwave Profiling during Dynamic Weather
   Conditions
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD LIQUID WATER; RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER AERI; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND
   PROFILER; HUMIDITY; TEMPERATURE; VAPOR; RADIOMETER; BORE; PRECIPITATION
AB Short-period (1-5 min) temperature and humidity soundings up to 10-km height are retrieved from ground-based 12-channel microwave radiometer profiler (MWRP) observations. In contrast to radiosondes, the radiometric retrievals provide very high temporal resolution (1 min or less) of thermodynamic profiles, but the vertical resolution, which declines in proportion to the height above ground level, is lower. The high temporal resolution is able to resolve detailed meso-gamma-scale thermodynamic and limited microphysical features of various rapidly changing mesoscale and/or hazardous weather phenomena. To illustrate the MWRP capabilities and potential benefits to research and operational activities, the authors present example radiometric retrievals from a variety of dynamic weather phenomena including upslope supercooled fog, snowfall, a complex cold front, a nocturnal bore, and a squall line accompanied by a wake low and other rapid variations in low-level water vapor and temperature.
C1 [Knupp, K. R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
   [Ware, R.] Radiometrics Corp, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Ware, R.; Vandenberghe, F.; Vivekanandan, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Cimini, D.] Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
   [Westwater, E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, NOAA CU Ctr Environm Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Knupp, KR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
EM kevin.knupp@nsstc.uah.edu
RI Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013
OI Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0079829, ATM-0533596]; U.S. Army
   Research Laboratory [DAAD1701-C-0045]
FX Three of the authors (KRK, TC, and DP) acknowledge support from the
   National Science Foundation under Grants ATM-0079829 (used to procure
   the UAH MWRP in 2001) and ATM-0533596. One of the authors (RW)
   acknowledges support from U.S. Army Research Laboratory Contract
   DAAD1701-C-0045 (E. Measure, Program Manager).
NR 49
TC 35
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 26
IS 6
BP 1057
EP 1073
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1150.1
PG 17
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 462RB
UT WOS:000267372200003
ER

PT J
AU Vidot, J
   Bennartz, R
   O'Dell, CW
   Preusker, R
   Lindstrot, R
   Heidinger, AK
AF Vidot, Jerome
   Bennartz, Ralf
   O'Dell, Christopher W.
   Preusker, Rene
   Lindstrot, Rasmus
   Heidinger, Andrew K.
TI CO2 Retrieval over Clouds from the OCO Mission: Model Simulations and
   Error Analysis
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
   PART I; INFORMATION-CONTENT; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ICE CLOUDS; BAND
AB Spectral characteristics of the future Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) sensor, which will be launched in January 2009, were used to infer the carbon dioxide column-averaged mixing ratio over liquid water clouds over ocean by means of radiative transfer simulations and an inversion process based on optimal estimation theory. Before retrieving the carbon dioxide column-averaged mixing ratio over clouds, cloud properties such as cloud optical depth, cloud effective radius, and cloud-top pressure must be known. Cloud properties were not included in the prior in the inversion but are retrieved within the algorithm. The high spectral resolution of the OCO bands in the oxygen absorption spectral region around 0.76 mu m, the weak CO2 absorption band around 1.61 mu m, and the strong CO2 absorption band around 2.06 mu m were used. The retrieval of all parameters relied on an optimal estimation technique that allows an objective selection of the channels needed to reach OCO's requirement accuracy. The errors due to the radiometric noise, uncertainties in temperature profile, surface pressure, spectral shift, and presence of cirrus above the liquid water clouds were quantified. Cirrus clouds and spectral shifts are the major sources of errors in the retrieval. An accurate spectral characterization of the OCO bands and an effective mask for pixels contaminated by cirrus would mostly eliminate these errors.
C1 [Vidot, Jerome; Bennartz, Ralf; O'Dell, Christopher W.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI USA.
   [Preusker, Rene; Lindstrot, Rasmus] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Space Sci, Berlin, Germany.
   [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA.
RP Vidot, J (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, 24 Ave Landais, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
EM j.vidot@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr
RI Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; 
OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Lindstrot,
   Rasmus/0000-0001-9352-3684
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG05GE57G]
FX The authors thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
   We would like to thank Rasmus Lindstrot from FUB for preliminary
   development of the algorithm. The research described in this paper was
   performed for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Project, under Contract
   NNG05GE57G with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
   (NASA).
NR 38
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 26
IS 6
BP 1090
EP 1104
DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1200.1
PG 15
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 462RB
UT WOS:000267372200005
ER

PT J
AU Tokay, A
   Hartmann, P
   Battaglia, A
   Gage, KS
   Clark, WL
   Williams, CR
AF Tokay, Ali
   Hartmann, Peter
   Battaglia, Alessandro
   Gage, Kenneth S.
   Clark, Wallace L.
   Williams, Christopher R.
TI A Field Study of Reflectivity and Z-R Relations Using Vertically
   Pointing Radars and Disdrometers
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAIN-GAUGE MEASUREMENTS; DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; INSTRUMENTAL
   UNCERTAINTIES; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SPECTRA; DISTRIBUTIONS; CALIBRATION;
   ERRORS
AB Observations from a 16-month field study using two vertically pointing radars and a disdrometer at Wallops Island are analyzed to examine the consistency of the multi-instrument observations with respect to reflectivity and Z-R relations. The vertically pointing radars were operated at S and K bands and had a very good agreement in reflectivity at a gate centered on 175 and 177 m above ground level over a variety of storms. This agreement occurred even though the sampling volumes were of different size and even though the S band measured the reflectivity factor directly, whereas the K-band radar deduced it from attenuated K-band measurements. Indeed, the radar agreement in reflectivity at the collocated range gates was superior to that between the disdrometer and either radar. This is attributed in large part to the spatial separation of the disdrometer and radar sample volumes, although the lesser agreement observed in a prior collocated disdrometer-disdrometer comparison suggests the larger size of the radar sample volumes as well as the better overlap also play a role. Vertical variations in the observations were examined with the aid of the two radar profilers. As expected, the agreement between the disdrometer reflectivity and the reflectivity seen in the vertically pointing radars decreased with height. The effect of these vertical variations on determinations of Z-R relation coefficients was then examined, using a number of different methods for finding the best fitting coefficients. The coefficient of the Z-R relation derived from paired disdrometer rain rate and radar reflectivity decreased with height, while the exponent of the Z-R relation increased with height. The coefficient and exponent of the Z-R relations also showed sensitivity to the choice of derivation method [linear and nonlinear least squares, fixed exponent, minimizing the root-mean-square difference (RMSD), and probability matching]. The influence of the time lag between the radar and disdrometer measurements was explored by examining the RMSD in reflectivity for paired measurements between 0- and 4-min lag. The no-lag conditions had the lowest RMSD up to 400 m, while 1-min lag gave the lowest RMSD at higher heights. The coefficient and exponent of the Z-R relations, on the other hand, did not have a significant change between no-lag-and 1-min-lag-based pairs.
C1 [Tokay, Ali] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Tokay, Ali] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
   [Hartmann, Peter; Battaglia, Alessandro] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany.
   [Gage, Kenneth S.; Clark, Wallace L.; Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Gage, Kenneth S.; Clark, Wallace L.; Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Tokay, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM ali.tokay-1@nasa.gov
RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015
OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850
NR 29
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 26
IS 6
BP 1120
EP 1134
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1163.1
PG 15
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 462RB
UT WOS:000267372200007
ER

PT J
AU Lofaj, F
   Wiederhorn, SN
AF Lofaj, Frantisek
   Wiederhorn, Sheldon N.
TI Creep processes in silicon nitride ceramics
SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Silicon nitride; Tensile creep; Dilatational stresses; Cavitation;
   Solution-precipitation; Crystalline secondary phases; Residual glass
ID O-N GLASSES; TENSILE CREEP; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; COMPRESSIVE CREEP;
   CAVITATION; BEHAVIOR; LU; LA; GD; RE
AB Recent advances in our understanding of creep deformation in silicon nitride ceramics are reviewed and compared to two different models of creep. The classical models adopted from the metals literature are based on the assumption that creep occurs primarily by diffusion of atoms either through the grains, or along grain boundaries. The cavitation model of creep is-as developed specifically to explain creep in materials that consist of rigid grains with a mobile secondary phase at the grain boundaries, materials having structures similar to that of silicon nitride. Well-known effects such as creep asymmetry and a very wide range of stress exponents in the early commercial grades of silicon nitride can be fully understood within the framework of the cavitation models. The work discussed includes an identification of critical types of creep cavities in silicon nitride, the evolution of cavities with tensile strain, and an analysis of possible mechanisms involved in cavity formation. The p occurs via a combination of analysis amplifies the cavitation creep model of Luecke and Wiederhorn and assumes that creep grain boundary sliding, viscous flow and solution-precipitation of the crystalline secondary phase, resulting in a redistribution of this phase among the multigrain junctions of the solid. The increase in creel) resistance in the latest generation of silicon nitride materials was found to be related to the suppression of cavitation and a shift toward non-cavitation creep mechanisms. Differences between volume conservative mechanisms in tension and compression depend on the existence of different driving forces for creep: local tensile/compressive stresses and/or dilatational stresses. Increasing the viscosity of residual glassy films at the grain boundaries is believed to be an effective way to suppress cavitation and increase creep resistance. The addition of Lu(+3) and N(-3) to the bulk oxynitride glasses, similar to those at the grain boundary films, increases their viscosity. Thus, the suppression of cavitation and the higher creep resistance of the Lu-containing silicon nitride can be explained by the combined effect of Lu(+3) and N(-3) in the residual glass.
C1 [Lofaj, Frantisek] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mat Res, Kosice 04353, Slovakia.
   [Wiederhorn, Sheldon N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lofaj, F (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mat Res, Watsonova 47, Kosice 04353, Slovakia.
EM flofaj@imr.saske.sk
NR 44
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 7
PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC
PI SEOUL
PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA
SN 1229-9162
J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES
JI J. Ceram. Process. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 10
IS 3
BP 269
EP 277
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 471QL
UT WOS:000268073200006
ER

PT J
AU Caullield, JA
   Bruno, TJ
   Miller, KE
AF Caullield, Jeffrey A.
   Bruno, Thomas J.
   Miller, Keith E.
TI Enthalpy of Solution and Kovats Retention Indices for Nitroaromatic
   Compounds on Stationary Phases Using Gas Chromatography
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXPLOSIVES; ADSORPTION; HEATS; CLAY
AB Worldwide terrorism has recently resulted in increased efforts to detect and identify explosive residues. Availability of experimentally determined thermochemical data for explosive compounds and their degradation products is limited, however. Gas chromatography was used to determine the enthalpy of solution, Delta(sol)H, for a series of nitroaromatic explosives and explosive degradation products including nitrobenzene, 2-nitrotoluene, 3-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 1,4-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 3,4-dinitrotoluene, 3,5-dinitrotoluene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Four polar stationary phases (by mass composition), namely, 80 % dimethyl + 20 % diphenyl polysiloxane, 14 % cyanopropylphenyl + 86 % dimethyl polysiloxane, 50 % phenyl + 50 % methyl polysiloxane, and 100 % polyethylene glycol, were evaluated with the 13 nitroaromatic compounds. Isothermal Kovats retention indices are also reported for the nitroaromatics as well as the Delta(sol)H of several n-alkanes. Enthalpies reported herein were computed over a wide temperature range, thus net retention volumes are also tabulated to facilitate the specific needs of interested readers.
C1 [Caullield, Jeffrey A.; Miller, Keith E.] Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
   [Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Miller, KE (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, 2190 E Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
EM keith.miller@du.edu
FU University of Denver, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; National
   Institute of Standards and Technology [36119]
FX The authors gratefully thank the University of Denver, Department of
   Chemistry and Biochemistry, for financial support as well as the
   National Institute of Standards and Technology for the financial support
   provided through NIST contract 36119.
NR 17
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9568
J9 J CHEM ENG DATA
JI J. Chem. Eng. Data
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 54
IS 6
BP 1814
EP 1822
DI 10.1021/je800851j
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 458LC
UT WOS:000267021200027
ER

PT J
AU Free, M
   Lanzante, J
AF Free, Melissa
   Lanzante, John
TI Effect of Volcanic Eruptions on the Vertical Temperature Profile in
   Radiosonde Data and Climate Models
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; DATA HOMOGENIZATION; TREND PROFILES;
   MOUNT-PINATUBO; TOTAL OZONE; EL CHICHON; SIMULATIONS; IMPACT;
   VARIABILITY; AEROSOL
AB Both observed and modeled upper-air temperature profiles show the tropospheric cooling and tropical stratospheric warming effects from the three major volcanic eruptions since 1960. Detailed comparisons of vertical profiles of Radiosonde Atmospheric Temperature Products for Assessing Climate (RATPAC) and Hadley Centre Atmospheric Temperatures, version 2 (HadAT2), radiosonde temperatures with output from six coupled GCMs show good overall agreement on the responses to the 1991 Mount Pinatubo and 1982 El Chichon eruptions in the troposphere and stratosphere, with a tendency of the models to underestimate the upper-tropospheric cooling and overestimate the stratospheric warming relative to observations. The cooling effect at the surface in the tropics is amplified with altitude in the troposphere in both observations and models, but this amplification is greater for the observations than for the models. Models and observations show a large disagreement around 100 mb for Mount Pinatubo in the tropics, where observations show essentially no change, while models show significant warming of similar to 0.7 to similar to 2.6 K. This difference occurs even in models that accurately simulate stratospheric warming at 50 mb. Overall, the Parallel Climate Model is an outlier in that it simulates more volcanic-induced stratospheric warming than both the other models and the observations in most cases.
   From 1979 to 1999 in the tropics, RATPAC shows a trend of less than 0.1 K decade(-1) at and above 300 mb before volcanic effects are removed, while the mean of the models used here has a trend of more than 0.3 K decade(-1), giving a difference of similar to 0.2 K decade(-1). At 300 mb, from 0.02 to 0.10 K decade(-1) of this difference may be due to the influence of volcanic eruptions, with the smaller estimate appearing more likely than the larger. No more than similar to 0.03 K of the similar to 0.1-K difference in trends between the surface and troposphere at 700 mb or below in the radiosonde data appears to be due to volcanic effects.
C1 [Free, Melissa] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Lanzante, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Free, M (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM melissa.free@noaa.gov
NR 33
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 11
BP 2925
EP 2939
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2562.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 467SR
UT WOS:000267763200008
ER

PT J
AU Newman, M
   Sardeshmukh, PD
   Penland, C
AF Newman, Matthew
   Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.
   Penland, Cecile
TI How Important Is Air-Sea Coupling in ENSO and MJO Evolution?
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE
   TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; NINO-SOUTHERN
   OSCILLATION; 1997-98 EL-NINO; PART I; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC;
   PATTERN-ANALYSIS; FORECAST SKILL
AB The effect of air-sea coupling on tropical climate variability is investigated in a coupled linear inverse model (LIM) derived from the simultaneous and 6-day lag covariances of observed 7-day running mean departures from the annual cycle. The model predicts the covariances at all other lags. The predicted and observed lag covariances, as well as the associated power spectra, are generally found to agree within sampling uncertainty. This validates the LIM's basic premise that beyond daily time scales, the evolution of tropical atmospheric and oceanic anomalies is effectively linear and stochastically driven. It also justifies a linear diagnosis of air-sea coupling in the system.
   The results show that air-sea coupling has a very small effect on subseasonal atmospheric variability. It has much larger effects on longer-term variability, in both the atmosphere and the ocean, including greatly increasing the amplitude of ENSO and lengthening its dominant period from 2 to 4 years. Consistent with these results, the eigenvectors of the system's dynamical evolution operator also separate into two distinct, but nonorthogonal, subspaces: one governing the nearly uncoupled subseasonal dynamics and the other governing the strongly coupled longer-term dynamics. These subspaces arise naturally from the LIM analysis; no bandpass frequency filtering need be applied. One implication of this remarkably clean separation of the uncoupled and coupled dynamics is that GCM errors in anomalous tropical air-sea coupling may cause substantial errors on interannual and longer time scales but probably not on the subseasonal scales associated with the MJO.
C1 [Newman, Matthew; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Newman, Matthew; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Penland, Cecile] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Newman, M (reprint author), NOAA ESRL PSD R PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM matt.newman@noaa.gov
RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010
OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312
FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA CLIVAR-Pacific
FX The authors thank George Kiladis and Klaus Weickmann for useful
   conversations. Ludmila Matrosova kindly supplied code to interpolate
   weekly SST to daily time scales. Paul Roundy and an anonymous reviewer
   made useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We
   acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing their data
   for analysis and the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and
   Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data. The
   IPCC Data Archive at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is
   supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. This work
   was partially supported by a grant from NOAA CLIVAR-Pacific.
NR 70
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 11
BP 2958
EP 2977
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2659.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 467SR
UT WOS:000267763200010
ER

PT J
AU Waliser, D
   Sperber, K
   Hendon, H
   Kim, D
   Wheeler, M
   Weickmann, K
   Zhang, C
   Donner, L
   Gottschalck, J
   Higgins, W
   Kang, IS
   Legler, D
   Moncrieff, M
   Vitart, F
   Wang, B
   Wang, W
   Woolnough, S
   Maloney, E
   Schubert, S
   Stern, W
AF Waliser, D.
   Sperber, K.
   Hendon, H.
   Kim, D.
   Wheeler, M.
   Weickmann, K.
   Zhang, C.
   Donner, L.
   Gottschalck, J.
   Higgins, W.
   Kang, I. -S.
   Legler, D.
   Moncrieff, M.
   Vitart, F.
   Wang, B.
   Wang, W.
   Woolnough, S.
   Maloney, E.
   Schubert, S.
   Stern, W.
CA Clivar Madden-Julian Oscillation
TI MJO Simulation Diagnostics
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Review
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION;
   SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ASIAN SUMMER
   MONSOON; EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION;
   COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; 30-50 DAY VARIABILITY
AB The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) interacts with and influences a wide range of weather and climate phenomena (e. g., monsoons, ENSO, tropical storms, midlatitude weather), and represents an important, and as yet unexploited, source of predictability at the subseasonal time scale. Despite the important role of the MJO in climate and weather systems, current global circulation models (GCMs) exhibit considerable shortcomings in representing this phenomenon. These shortcomings have been documented in a number of multimodel comparison studies over the last decade. However, diagnosis of model performance has been challenging, and model progress has been difficult to track, because of the lack of a coherent and standardized set of MJO diagnostics. One of the chief objectives of the U. S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) MJO Working Group is the development of observation-based diagnostics for objectively evaluating global model simulations of the MJO in a consistent framework. Motivation for this activity is reviewed, and the intent and justification for a set of diagnostics is provided, along with specification for their calculation, and illustrations of their application. The diagnostics range from relatively simple analyses of variance and correlation to more sophisticated space-time spectral and empirical orthogonal function analyses. These diagnostic techniques are used to detect MJO signals, to construct composite life cycles, to identify associations of MJO activity with the mean state, and to describe interannual variability of the MJO.
C1 [Waliser, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Sperber, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA.
   [Hendon, H.; Wheeler, M.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
   [Kim, D.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea.
   [Maloney, E.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Weickmann, K.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Zhang, C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Donner, L.; Stern, W.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
   [Gottschalck, J.; Higgins, W.; Wang, W.] NOAA NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Kang, I. -S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea.
   [Legler, D.] US CLIVAR Off, Washington, DC USA.
   [Moncrieff, M.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Schubert, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Vitart, F.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
   [Wang, B.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Woolnough, S.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England.
RP Waliser, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-505,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM duane.waliser@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Wheeler, Matthew/C-9038-2011; Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008; Sperber,
   Kenneth/H-2333-2012; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015
OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0002-9769-1973; Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611;
   
FU U.S. CLIVAR and International CLIVAR; U.S. Department of Energy Office
   of Science; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344];
   NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program [ATM-063234]; NOAA CPPA
   Award [NA05OAR4310006]; NSF [ATM0739402]; NOAA Office of Global Programs
   through the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies
   (CIMAS); Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development
   Program [CATER_ 2006-4206]; BK21 program
FX The MJOWG wishes to acknowledge and thank U.S. CLIVAR and International
   CLIVAR for supporting this working group and its activities. We would
   like to specifically acknowledge the administrative support on behalf of
   the MJOWG by Cathy Stevens of the U.S. CLIVAR Office. KRS was supported
   under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science,
   Climate Change Prediction Program by Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. DEW's contributions to this
   study were carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
   California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
   Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). EDM was supported by the
   NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program under Grant ATM-063234, and
   by NOAA CPPA Award NA05OAR4310006. CZ was support by NSF Grant
   ATM0739402 and by the NOAA Office of Global Programs through the
   Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS). D. Kim
   and I. Kang were supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration
   Research and Development Program under Grant CATER_ 2006-4206 and BK21
   program.
NR 138
TC 110
Z9 111
U1 1
U2 25
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 11
BP 3006
EP 3030
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2731.1
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 467SR
UT WOS:000267763200013
ER

PT J
AU Yang, S
   Jiang, YD
   Zheng, DW
   Higgins, RW
   Zhang, Q
   Kousky, VE
   Wen, M
AF Yang, Song
   Jiang, Yundi
   Zheng, Dawei
   Higgins, R. Wayne
   Zhang, Qin
   Kousky, Vernon E.
   Wen, Min
TI Variations of US Regional Precipitation and Simulations by the NCEP CFS:
   Focus on the Southwest
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON;
   UNITED-STATES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION;
   PREDICTION; RAINFALL; MEXICO; MODEL
AB Variations of U. S. regional precipitation in both observations and free-run experiments with the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) are investigated. The seasonality of precipitation over the continental United States and the time-frequency characteristics of precipitation over the Southwest (SW) are the focus. The differences in precipitation variation among different model resolutions are also analyzed.
   The spatial distribution of U. S. precipitation is characterized by high values over the East and the West Coasts, especially over the Gulf Coast and southeast states, and low values elsewhere except over the SW in summer. A large annual cycle of precipitation occurs over the SW, northern plains, and the West Coast. Overall, the CFS captures the above features reasonably well, except for the SW. However, it overestimates the precipitation over the western United States, except the SW in summer, and underestimates the precipitation over the central South, except in springtime. It also overestimates (underestimates) the precipitation seasonality over the intermountain area and Gulf Coast states (SW, West Coast, and northern Midwest). The model using T126 resolution captures the observed features more realistically than at the lower T62 resolution over a large part of the United States.
   The variability of observed SW precipitation is characterized by a large annual cycle, followed by a semiannual cycle, and the oscillating signals on annual, semiannual, and interannual time scales account for 41% of the total precipitation variability. However, the CFS, at both T62 and T126 resolution, fails in capturing the above feature. The variability of SW precipitation in the CFS is much less periodic. The annual oscillation of model precipitation is much weaker than that observed and it is even much weaker than the simulated semiannual oscillation. The weakly simulated annual cycle is attributed by the unrealistic precipitation simulations of all seasons, especially spring and summer. On the annual time scale, the CFS fails in simulating the relationship between the SW precipitation and the basinwide sea surface temperature (SST) and the overlying atmospheric circulation. On the semiannual time scale, the model exaggerates the response of the regional precipitation to the variations of SST and atmospheric circulation over the tropics and western Atlantic, including the Gulf of Mexico. This study also demonstrates a challenge for the next-generation CFS, at T126 resolution, to predict the variability of North American monsoon climate.
C1 [Jiang, Yundi] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Song; Higgins, R. Wayne; Zhang, Qin; Kousky, Vernon E.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Zheng, Dawei] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Wen, Min] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Jiang, YD (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, 46 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM jiangyd@cma.gov.cn
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; China
   Meteorological Administration bilateral program on climate and monsoons
FX We are thankful to Viviane Silva, Huug van den Dool, and Hui Wang of the
   NOAA Climate Prediction Center and three anonymous reviewers, who
   provided helpful comments for improving the overall quality of the
   manuscript. Bhaskar Jha provided the AMIP output for computing the
   Southwest U. S. precipitation used in Fig. 7d. Yundi Jiang and Min Wen
   were partially supported by the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration and the China Meteorological Administration bilateral
   program on climate and monsoons.
NR 55
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 12
BP 3211
EP 3231
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2532.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 472JI
UT WOS:000268126300003
ER

PT J
AU Findell, KL
   Pitman, AJ
   England, MH
   Pegion, PJ
AF Findell, Kirsten L.
   Pitman, Andrew J.
   England, Matthew H.
   Pegion, Philip J.
TI Regional and Global Impacts of Land Cover Change and Sea Surface
   Temperature Anomalies
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; PART I; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE MODEL;
   ATMOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; VEGETATION; PARAMETERIZATION;
   SENSITIVITY
AB The atmospheric and land components of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL's) Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1) is used with climatological sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to investigate the relative climatic impacts of historical anthropogenic land cover change (LCC) and realistic SST anomalies. The SST forcing anomalies used are analogous to signals induced by El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the background global warming trend. Coherent areas of LCC are represented throughout much of central and eastern Europe, northern India, southeastern China, and on either side of the ridge of the Appalachian Mountains in North America. Smaller areas of change are present in various tropical regions. The land cover changes in the model are almost exclusively a conversion of forests to grasslands.
   Model results show that, at the global scale, the physical impacts of LCC on temperature and rainfall are less important than large-scale SST anomalies, particularly those due to ENSO. However, in the regions where the land surface has been altered, the impact of LCC can be equally or more important than the SST forcing patterns in determining the seasonal cycle of the surface water and energy balance. Thus, this work provides a context for the impacts of LCC on climate: namely, strong regional-scale impacts that can significantly change globally averaged fields but that rarely propagate beyond the disturbed regions. This suggests that proper representation of land cover conditions is essential in the design of climate model experiments, particularly if results are to be used for regional-scale assessments of climate change impacts.
C1 [Findell, Kirsten L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Findell, Kirsten L.; Pitman, Andrew J.; England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
   [Pegion, Philip J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Pegion, Philip J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Findell, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM kirsten.findell@noaa.gov
RI Pitman, Andrew/A-7353-2011; Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012; England,
   Matthew/A-7539-2011; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014
OI Pitman, Andrew/0000-0003-0604-3274; England,
   Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930; 
NR 61
TC 34
Z9 37
U1 5
U2 34
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 12
BP 3248
EP 3269
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2580.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 472JI
UT WOS:000268126300005
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, CL
   Thompson, L
   Kelly, KA
   Cronin, MF
AF Jiang, Chuanli
   Thompson, Luanne
   Kelly, Kathryn A.
   Cronin, Meghan F.
TI The Roles of Intraseasonal Kelvin Waves and Tropical Instability Waves
   in SST Variability along the Equatorial Pacific in an Isopycnal Ocean
   Model
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO;
   NORTH PACIFIC; HEAT-BUDGET; ANOMALIES; CYCLE; ADVECTION; EVOLUTION;
   BALANCE
AB The roles of intraseasonal Kelvin waves and tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the intraseasonal and low-frequency mixed-layer temperature budget were examined in an isopycnal ocean model forced by QuikSCAT winds from 2000 to 2004. Correlations between temperature tendency and other terms of the intraseasonal budget compare well with previous results using Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) observations: the net heat flux has the largest correlation in the western Pacific and zonal advection has the largest correlation in the central Pacific. In the central Pacific, the intraseasonal variations in zonal advection were due to both the zonal background velocity acting on the Kelvin wave temperature anomaly and the Kelvin wave's anomalous velocity acting on the background temperature. In the eastern Pacific, three of the four temperature budget terms have comparable correlations. In particular, the vertical processes acting on the shallow thermocline cause large SST anomalies in phase with the intraseasonal thermocline anomalies.
   On intraseasonal time scales, the influence of individual composite upwelling and downwelling Kelvin waves cancel each other. However, because the intraseasonal SST anomalies increase to the east, a zonal gradient of SST is generated that is in phase with intraseasonal zonal velocity. Consequently, heat advection by the Kelvin waves rectifies into lower frequencies in the eastern Pacific. Rectification resulting from TIWs was also seen. The prevalence of intraseasonal Kelvin waves and the zonal structure of intraseasonal SST from 2002 to early 2004 suggested that they might be important in setting the eastern Pacific SST on inter-annual time scales.
C1 [Jiang, Chuanli; Thompson, Luanne] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Kelly, Kathryn A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Jiang, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0230, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM chjiang@ucsd.edu
FU NOAA Office of Global Programs Pan American Climate Studies [GC99-370];
   NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team [1285662]
FX The authors thank Suzanne Dickinson for preparing the QuikSCAT gridded
   winds and NCEP-2 fields. We would also like to thank Jordan T. Dawe and
   David Darr for their help with the HIM model. NCEP-2 reanalysis data
   were obtained online from
   ftp://ftp.cdc.noaa.gov/Datasets/-ncep.reanalysis2.dailyavgs/.ERA-40 data
   were obtained online from http://data.ecmwf.int/data/d/era40_daily/. The
   TAO buoy data are from the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
   (PMEL; available online at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/data_deliv/). We
   also acknowledge the TAO Project Office, Dr. Michael J. McPhaden,
   Director. This work was supported by Grant GC99-370 from the NOAA Office
   of Global Programs Pan American Climate Studies, and the NASA Ocean
   Vector Winds Science Team through Contract 1285662 with the Jet
   Propulsion Laboratory.
NR 37
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 12
BP 3470
EP 3487
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2767.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 472JI
UT WOS:000268126300017
ER

PT J
AU Bryant, GW
AF Bryant, Garnett W.
TI Surface States on Semiconductor Nanocrystals: The Effects of
   Unpassivated Dangling Bonds
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanocrystals; Quantum Dots; Surface States; Semiconductor; Electronic
   Structure
ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE;
   TIGHT-BINDING; CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LEVEL
   STRUCTURE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; EXCITON-STATES; IN-VIVO
AB Surface effects significantly influence the functionality of semiconductor nanocrystals (NC). A theoretical understanding of these effects requires an atomic-scale description of the NC surface. We present an atomistic tight-binding theory of the electronic and optical properties of partially passivated cadmium sulfide NCs. Fully passivated quantum dots, with all dangling bonds saturated, have no surface states in the fundamental band gap. When all surface anion dangling bonds are unpassivated, two anion-derived, surface state bands lie above the valence band edge. By investigating NCs with a single unpassivated surface anion, we are able to assign the surface state bands to states derived from surface anions with one or two unpassivated dangling bonds. The surface state energies for a NC with a single unpassivated surface S atom depend of the number of unpassivated dangling bonds, but are not otherwise strongly sensitive to the local atomic environment. Unpassivated surface dangling bonds can also shift the internally confined states, split their level degeneracies, break their symmetry and change their oscillator strengths. For NCs with multiple unpassivated surface S atoms, coupling between unpassivated dangling bonds can occur across the entire NC, leading to substantial mixing of dangling bond states and significant broadening of the density of states. Ordered rings of unpassivated dangling bonds show level coupling analogous to coupling in molecular rings. The surface states of clusters of unpassivated anions depend on the cluster size. The optical response due to internally confined states becomes indistinguishable in the broadened optical response as the cluster size increases. Incomplete surface passivation is modeled by considering NCs with randomly passivated surface atoms. For a low density of unpassivated surface anions, the density of surface states broadens substantially as the density of unpassivated surface anions increases. The fundamental NC optical response due to confined states disappears if 30 percent of the S surface atoms are unpassivated. However, at a high density of unpassivated surface anions, the density of surface states narrows as the density of unpassivated surface anions increases and NC evolves to a more ordered structure with all surface atoms unpassivated. Comparable effects are found for NCs with unpassivated surface cations. The coupling between anion-derived and cation-derived surface states is weak because these states occur at very different energies.
C1 [Bryant, Garnett W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Bryant, Garnett W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX This work was supported in part front the Advanced Technology Program at
   the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The assistance of
   Howard Hung with visualization programs is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 63
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS
PI VALENCIA
PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA
SN 1546-1955
J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS
JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 6
IS 6
SI SI
BP 1262
EP 1271
DI 10.1166/jctn.2009.1174
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
   Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 441BU
UT WOS:000265745100005
ER

PT J
AU Banerjee, AG
   Balijepalli, A
   Gupta, SK
   LeBrun, TW
AF Banerjee, Ashis Gopal
   Balijepalli, Arvind
   Gupta, Satyandra K.
   LeBrun, Thomas W.
TI Generating Simplified Trapping Probability Models From Simulation of
   Optical Tweezers System
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID FORCES; MANIPULATION; MICROSPHERES
AB This paper presents a radial basis function based approach to generate simplified models to estimate the trapping probability in optical trapping experiments using offline simulations. The difference form of Langevin's equation is used to perform physically accurate simulations of a particle under the influence of a trapping potential and is used to estimate trapping probabilities at discrete points in the parameter space. Gaussian radial basis functions combined with kd-tree based partitioning of the parameter space are then used to generate simplified models of trapping probability. We show that the proposed approach is computationally efficient in estimating the trapping probability and that the estimated probability using the simplified models is sufficiently close to the probability estimates from offline simulation data. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3130784]
C1 [Banerjee, Ashis Gopal; Balijepalli, Arvind; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Banerjee, Ashis Gopal; Balijepalli, Arvind; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Balijepalli, Arvind; LeBrun, Thomas W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Precis Engn, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM skgupta@umd.edu
FU Center for Nano Manufacturing and Metrology; University of Maryland;
   National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX This work was supported in part by the Center for Nano Manufacturing and
   Metrology, a joint venture between the University of Maryland and the
   National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 16
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 1530-9827
J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG
JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 9
IS 2
AR 021003
DI 10.1115/1.3130784
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
   Manufacturing
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 454FF
UT WOS:000266667100003
ER

PT J
AU Hertz, JL
   Rothschild, A
   Tuller, HL
AF Hertz, Joshua L.
   Rothschild, Avner
   Tuller, Harry L.
TI Highly enhanced electrochemical performance of silicon-free
   platinum-yttria stabilized zirconia interfaces
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ); Platinum; Polarization resistance;
   Impedance spectroscopy; Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)
ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; TRIPLE-PHASE BOUNDARY; REACTION-MECHANISM; MODEL
   ELECTRODES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SURFACE; SEGREGATION; CATHODES; SYSTEM;
   OXYGEN
AB In the drive to achieve economically viable solid oxide fuel cells, efforts have been directed towards substantially decreasing their operating temperature. Unfortunately, these efforts have been hindered by extremely sluggish electrode kinetics at reduced temperatures. In this report, we show that silicon impurities on the surface of the electrolyte play a critical role in influencing electrode kinetics. More specifically, improvements by as much as three orders of magnitude are reported for the performance of platinum electrodes on yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolytes prepared as high purity thin films with a largely Si-free surface. These improvements in performance are estimated to enable operation of a solid oxide fuel cell down to approximately 400 A degrees C.
C1 [Hertz, Joshua L.; Rothschild, Avner; Tuller, Harry L.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Hertz, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joshua.hertz@nist.gov
RI Rothschild, Avner/B-7896-2009; Hertz, Joshua/B-7239-2012
OI Rothschild, Avner/0000-0002-2512-0370; Hertz, Joshua/0000-0003-0650-5141
FU Army Research Office [DAAD19-01-1-0566]; National Science Foundation
   [DMR 02-13282]
FX This work was supported by the DoD Multidisciplinary University Research
   Initiative Program administered by the Army Research Office under Grant
   No. DAAD19-01-1-0566. This work made use of the Shared Experimental
   Facilities supported by the MRSEC Program of the National Science
   Foundation under award number DMR 02-13282. The authors thank Joseph
   Bullard and Elisabeth Shaw for assistance in obtaining the XPS data.
NR 41
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-3449
J9 J ELECTROCERAM
JI J. Electroceram.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 4
BP 428
EP 435
DI 10.1007/s10832-008-9475-5
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 448CU
UT WOS:000266241200011
ER

PT J
AU Pothoven, SA
   Vanderploeg, HA
   Ludsin, SA
   Hook, TO
   Brandt, SB
AF Pothoven, Steven A.
   Vanderploeg, Henry A.
   Ludsin, Stuart A.
   Hoeoek, Tomas O.
   Brandt, Stephen B.
TI Feeding ecology of emerald shiners and rainbow smelt in central Lake
   Erie
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Emerald shiner; Rainbow smelt; Ration; Hypoxia; Feeding ecology; Lake
   Erie
ID FISH DAILY RATION; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; PLANKTIVOROUS FISHES;
   HYPOLIMNETIC OXYGENATION; COREGONUS-ARTEDI; OSMERUS-MORDAX; YELLOW
   PERCH; AMISK LAKE; FOOD; ZOOPLANKTON
AB To better understand the feeding ecology of two important Laurentian Great Lakes prey species, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and emerald shiners Notropis atherinoides, we quantified the diet composition, selectivity, daily ration, and diet overlap of both species in offshore central Lake Erie during May through October 2005, which spanned a period of severe hypolimnetic hypoxia (<2 mg O-2/L). Rainbow smelt fed upon a variety of prey taxa, including zooplankton, chironomid pupae and larvae, and fish, whereas emerald shiners primarily consumed cladocerans, if available, In turn, diet overlap between rainbow smelt and emerald shiners was low except during September when hypolimnetic hypoxia reduced rainbow smelt access to benthic prey. Rainbow smelt most frequently selected chironomid pupae, while emerald shiners generally selected pupae or large predatory cladocerans (Leptodora or Bythotrephes). Daily ration and individual consumption by rainbow smelt were 54-68% less during hypoxia than at the same site during stratified pre-hypoxic or mixed post-hypoxic conditions. Although emerald shiner daily ration and individual consumption decreased between pre-hypoxic and hypoxic periods, it continued to decrease during the post-hypoxic period, suggesting that reduced consumption may not have been linked to hypoxic conditions. Ultimately, our findings suggest that emerald shiners are as important regulator of zooplankton abundance in the Great Lakes as rainbow smelt, given their potentially high mass-specific consumption rates, selectivity and diet patterns, and current high abundance. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
   [Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
   [Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA.
   [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Brandt, Stephen B.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; ludsin.1@osu.edu;
   thook@purdue.edu; Stephen.Brandt@oregonstate.edu
RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010; 
OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422
FU NOAA-GLERL; U.S. E.P.A. Great Lakes National Program Office [1515]
FX We thank all those who provided lab, field, or data management support,
   including K. Bailey, A. Bajcz, A. Belyaeva, S. Bickel, J. Cavaletto, A.
   Clites, S. Constant, M. Costantim, C. Darnell, D. Fanslow, H. Gunder, A.
   Harrison, N. Hawley, D. Hondorp, G. Lang, M. Lansing, J. Liebig, S.
   Lozano, G. Maria, K. Molton, T. Naiepa, S. Peacor, C. Rae, J. Roberts,
   S. Sisler, and the crews of both the R/V Laurentian and R/V Lake
   Guardian. This work was conducted as part of the International Field
   Years on Lake Erie (IFYLE) program, supported primarily by NOAA-GLERL
   and secondarily by the U.S. E.P.A. Great Lakes National Program Office.
   This is GLERL contribution # 1515.
NR 51
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 2
BP 190
EP 198
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.011
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 460DH
UT WOS:000267167400004
ER

PT J
AU Chapra, SC
   Dove, A
   Rockwell, DC
AF Chapra, Steven C.
   Dove, Alice
   Rockwell, David C.
TI Great Lakes chloride trends: Long-term mass balance and loading analysis
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Chloride; Lakes; Water quality; Model; Loadings; Salt
ID TOTAL PHOSPHORUS MODEL; ONONDAGA-LAKE; NEW-YORK; WATER; DEPOSITION;
   POLLUTION; MACKINAC; STRAITS; BUDGET; FLOW
AB Surveillance data collected over the past 150 years are compiled and analyzed to identify chloride trends in the Laurentian Great Lakes. These data indicate that chloride levels started rising in the mid-19th century and began accelerating in the early twentieth century. Lake Superior's and Lake Michigan's concentrations have continued to increase steadily and currently stand at their maximum recorded levels. In contrast, lakes Huron, Erie and Ontario reached peak levels between 1965 and 1975, but then began to decline. However, recent data indicate that the chloride concentrations in these lakes are now increasing again. Because loading data are not readily available, a mass-balance model is employed to estimate the chloride inputs required to account for the concentration trends. This inverse analysis yields computed load reductions that are consistent with reported industrial load reductions during the last three decades of the 20th century. Hence, it appears that the improvements were for the most part attributable to industrial controls. The model is also used to predict that if loads are held fixed at 2006 levels, concentrations in all lakes will continue to increase with the Most dramatic rise occurring in Lake Michigan which will ultimately approach the level of Lake Erie. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Chapra, Steven C.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
   [Dove, Alice] Environm Canada, Water Qual Monitoring & Surveillance Ontario, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
   [Rockwell, David C.] NOAA, Ctr Excellence Great Lakes & Human Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP Chapra, SC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
EM steven.chapra@tufts.edu; alice.dove@ec.gc.ca; dcrockwe@umich.edu
RI Chapra, Steven/A-5752-2008
OI Chapra, Steven/0000-0003-0238-6376
FU University of Washington; New Zealand's National Institute of Water and
   Atmospheric Research
FX Thanks to Tom Croley and Tim Hunter of GLERL/NOAA for assistance related
   to Great Lakes hydrology. The paper benefited from suggestions made by
   anonymous reviewers. Part of this work was supported by the University
   of Washington (Visiting Endowed Professorship) and New Zealand's
   National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (Visiting Scientist
   Award) for SCC.
NR 70
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 3
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 2
BP 272
EP 284
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.013
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 460DH
UT WOS:000267167400013
ER

PT J
AU Behrangi, A
   Hsu, KL
   Imam, B
   Sorooshian, S
   Kuligowski, RJ
AF Behrangi, Ali
   Hsu, Kuo-Lin
   Imam, Bisher
   Sorooshian, Soroosh
   Kuligowski, Robert J.
TI Evaluating the Utility of Multispectral Information in Delineating the
   Areal Extent of Precipitation
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SATELLITE RAINFALL ESTIMATION; SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; ARTIFICIAL
   NEURAL-NETWORKS; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT;
   PASSIVE MICROWAVE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; INFRARED DATA;
   OPTICAL-THICKNESS; VISIBLE DATA
AB Data from geosynchronous Earth-orbiting (GEO) satellites equipped with visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) scanners are commonly used in rain retrieval algorithms. These algorithms benefit from the high spatial and temporal resolution of GEO observations, either in stand-alone mode or in combination with higher-quality but less frequent microwave observations from low Earth-orbiting (LEO) satellites. In this paper, a neural network-based framework is presented to evaluate the utility of multispectral information in improving rain/no-rain (R/NR) detection. The algorithm uses the powerful classification features of the self-organizing feature map (SOFM), along with probability matching techniques to map single-or multispectral input space into R/NR maps. The framework was tested and validated using the 31 possible combinations of the five Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 12 (GOES-12) channels. An algorithm training and validation study was conducted over the conterminous United States during June-August 2006. The results indicate that during daytime, the visible channel (0.65 mu m) can yield significant improvements in R/NR detection capabilities, especially when combined with any of the other four GOES-12 channels. Similarly, for nighttime detection the combination of two IR channels-particularly channels 3 (6.5 mu m) and 4 (10.7 mu m)-resulted in significant performance gain over any single IR channel. In both cases, however, using more than two channels resulted only in marginal improvements over two-channel combinations. Detailed examination of event-based images indicate that the proposed algorithm is capable of extracting information useful to screen no-rain pixels associated with cold, thin clouds and identifying rain areas under warm but rainy clouds. Both cases have been problematic areas for IR-only algorithms.
C1 [Behrangi, Ali; Hsu, Kuo-Lin; Imam, Bisher; Sorooshian, Soroosh] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, CHRS, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Behrangi, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, CHRS, E-4130 Engn Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
EM abehrang@uci.edu
RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008
OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; sorooshian,
   soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113
FU NASA [NNX08AU78H, NNX06AF934]; NASA-PMM [NNG04GC74G]; NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R
   Program Office; NSF [EAR-9876800]
FX Partial financial support is made available from NASA Earth and Space
   Science Fellowship (NESSF award NNX08AU78H), NASA-PMM (Grant
   NNG04GC74G), NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R Program Office (GPO) via the GOES-R
   Algorithm Working Group (AWG), NSF STC for Sustainability of Semi-Arid
   Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA; Grant EAR-9876800), and NASA NEWS
   (Grant NNX06AF934) programs. The authors thank Mr. Dan Braithwaite for
   his technical assistance on processing the satellite/radar data for this
   experiment. The contents of this paper are solely the opinion of the
   authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or
   position on behalf of the GOES-R Program Office, NOAA, or the U. S.
   government.
NR 60
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 10
IS 3
BP 684
EP 700
DI 10.1175/2009JHM1077.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 463HB
UT WOS:000267420900006
ER

PT J
AU Hou, DC
   Mitchell, K
   Toth, Z
   Lohmann, D
   Wei, HL
AF Hou, Dingchen
   Mitchell, Kenneth
   Toth, Zoltan
   Lohmann, Dag
   Wei, Helin
TI The Effect of Large-Scale Atmospheric Uncertainty on Streamflow
   Predictability
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; MACROSCALE WATER FLUXES; MODEL;
   PRECIPITATION; ACCURACY; BASIN
AB Hydrological processes are strongly coupled with atmospheric processes related, for example, to precipitation and temperature, and a coupled atmosphere-land surface system is required for a meaningful hydrological forecast. Since the atmosphere is a chaotic system with limited predictability, ensemble forecasts offer a practical tool to predict the future state of the coupled system in a probabilistic fashion, potentially leading to a more complete and informative hydrologic prediction. As ensemble forecasts with coupled meteorological-hydrological models are operationally running at major numerical weather prediction centers, it is currently possible to produce a gridded streamflow prognosis in the form of a probabilistic forecast based on ensembles. Evaluation and improvement of such products require a comprehensive assessment of both components of the coupled system.
   In this article, the atmospheric component of a coupled ensemble forecasting system is evaluated in terms of its ability to provide reasonable forcing to the hydrological component and the effect of the uncertainty represented in the atmospheric ensemble system on the predictability of streamflow as a hydrological variable. The Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) of NCEP is evaluated following a "perfect hydrology'' approach, in which its hydrological component, including the Noah land surface model and attached river routing model, is considered free of errors and the initial conditions in the hydrological variables are assumed accurate. The evaluation is performed over the continental United States (CONUS) domain for various sizes of river basins. The results from the experiment suggest that the coupled system is capable of generating useful gridded streamflow forecast when the land surface model and the river routing model can successfully simulate the hydrological processes, and the ensemble strategy significantly improves the forecast. The expected forecast skill increases with increasing size of the river basin. With the current GEFS system, positive skill in short-range (one to three days) predictions can be expected for all significant river basins; for the major rivers with mean streamflow more than 500 m(3) s(-1), significant skill can be expected from extended-range (the second week) predictions. Possible causes for the loss of skills, including the existence of systematic error and insufficient ensemble spread, are discussed and possible approaches for the improvement of the atmospheric ensemble forecast system are also proposed.
C1 [Hou, Dingchen; Wei, Helin] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC,SAIC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Lohmann, Dag] Risk Management Solut Ltd, London, England.
RP Hou, DC (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC,SAIC, W-NP2 NOAA WWB 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM dingchen.hou@noaa.gov
RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015
OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194
FU NCEP/EMC; NOAA
FX The work on this research by NCEP/EMC was supported by the NOAA Climate
   Program Office, funding for the NOAA Core Project for CPPA/GAPP (PI K.
   E. Mitchell), and the NOAA THORPEX program. We appreciate the
   discussions with D.- J. Seo, P. Restrepo, J. C. Schaake, A. Wood, D.
   Lettenmaier, and Y. Xia, whose comments and suggestions helped us to
   understand and interpret the results. Suggestions for improving the
   manuscript by Y. Xia and three anonymous peer reviewers are
   acknowledged. The authors thank Yuejian Zhu for help with data archives
   and George Gayno for assistance with the runoff interpolation.
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 10
IS 3
BP 717
EP 733
DI 10.1175/2008JHM1064.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 463HB
UT WOS:000267420900008
ER

PT J
AU Ryu, D
   Crow, WT
   Zhan, XW
   Jackson, TJ
AF Ryu, Dongryeol
   Crow, Wade T.
   Zhan, Xiwu
   Jackson, Thomas J.
TI Correcting Unintended Perturbation Biases in Hydrologic Data
   Assimilation
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND DATA ASSIMILATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; MODEL; WATER; EVAPORATION;
   SYSTEM; FIELD
AB Hydrologic data assimilation has become an important tool for improving hydrologic model predictions by using observations from ground, aircraft, and satellite sensors. Among existing data assimilation methods, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) provides a robust framework for optimally updating nonlinear model predictions using observations. In the EnKF, background prediction uncertainty is obtained using a Monte Carlo approach where state variables, parameters, and forcing data for the model are synthetically perturbed to explicitly simulate the error-prone representation of hydrologic processes in the model. However, it is shown here that, owing to the nonlinear nature of these processes, an ensemble of model forecasts perturbed by mean-zero Gaussian noise can produce biased background predictions. This ensemble perturbation bias in soil moisture states can lead to significant mass balance errors and degrade the performance of the EnKF analysis in deeper soil layers. Here, a simple method of bias correction is introduced in which such perturbation bias is corrected using an unperturbed model simulation run in parallel with the EnKF analysis. The proposed bias-correction scheme effectively removes biases in soil moisture and reduces soil water mass balance errors. The performance of the EnKF is improved in deeper layers when the filter is applied with the bias-correction scheme. The interplay of nonlinear hydrologic processes is discussed in the context of perturbation biases, and implications of the bias correction for real-data assimilation cases are presented.
C1 [Ryu, Dongryeol] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
   [Crow, Wade T.; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA.
   [Zhan, Xiwu] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Ryu, D (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
EM dryu@unimelb.edu.au
RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008
OI Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209
FU NASA [NNH04AC301]
FX This work was partially supported by the NASA EOS Aqua Project Science
   and the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology programs through Grant NNH04AC301.
NR 27
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 3
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
EI 1525-7541
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 10
IS 3
BP 734
EP 750
DI 10.1175/2008JHM1038.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 463HB
UT WOS:000267420900009
ER

PT J
AU Pickart, RS
   Moore, GWK
   Macdonald, AM
   Renfrew, IA
   Walsh, JE
   Kessler, WS
AF Pickart, Robert S.
   Moore, G. W. K.
   Macdonald, Alison M.
   Renfrew, Ian A.
   Walsh, John E.
   Kessler, William S.
TI Seasonal Evolution of Aleutian Low Pressure Systems: Implications for
   the North Pacific Subpolar Circulation
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEPTH-INTEGRATED FLOW; BERING-SEA BASIN; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; BAROCLINIC
   TRANSPORT; IRMINGER SEAS; WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATOLOGY; OCEAN; VARIABILITY;
   TEMPERATURE
AB The seasonal change in the development of Aleutian low pressure systems from early fall to early winter is analyzed using a combination of meteorological reanalysis fields, satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data, and satellite wind data. The time period of the study is September-December 2002, although results are shown to be representative of the long-term climatology. Characteristics of the storms were documented as they progressed across the North Pacific, including their path, central pressure, deepening rate, and speed of translation. Clear patterns emerged. Storms tended to deepen in two distinct geographical locations-the Gulf of Alaska in early fall and the western North Pacific in late fall. In the Gulf of Alaska, a quasi-permanent "notch'' in the SST distribution is argued to be of significance. The signature of the notch is imprinted in the atmosphere, resulting in a region of enhanced cyclonic potential vorticity in the lower troposphere that is conducive for storm development. Later in the season, as winter approaches and the Sea of Okhotsk becomes partially ice covered and cold, the air emanating from the Asian continent leads to enhanced baroclinicity in the region south of Kamchatka. This corresponds to enhanced storm cyclogenesis in that region. Consequently, there is a seasonal westward migration of the dominant lobe of the Aleutian low. The impact of the wind stress curl pattern resulting from these two regions of storm development on the oceanic circulation is investigated using historical hydrography. It is argued that the seasonal bimodal input of cyclonic vorticity from the wind may be partly responsible for the two distinct North Pacific subarctic gyres.
C1 [Pickart, Robert S.; Macdonald, Alison M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Moore, G. W. K.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Renfrew, Ian A.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
   [Walsh, John E.] Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA.
   [Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Pickart, RS (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Clark 3 MS 21, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM rpickart@whoi.edu
RI Renfrew, Ian/E-4057-2010; Moore, Kent/D-8518-2011
OI Renfrew, Ian/0000-0001-9379-8215; Moore, Kent/0000-0002-3986-5605
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0317]; Natural Sciences and
   Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation
   [OCE-0623261]; Natural Environmental Research Council [NE/C003365/1]
FX This work was carried out while RP was on sabbatical at the University
   of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF) and the International Arctic Research Center
   (IARC). RP acknowledges the generous support provided by D. Wiesenburg
   (UAF) and S. Akasofu (IARC). RP is indebted to Tom Weingartner for
   making the visit possible and for many stimulating discussions. K. Vage
   helped with the QuikSCAT and NCEP data analysis, S. Danielson provided
   various technical assistance, T. McKee aided in figure preparation, and
   R. Goldsmith provided programming support. The following funding sources
   are acknowledged: Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-02-1-0317 (RP);
   Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (GWKM);
   National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0623261 (AM); Natural
   Environmental Research Council Grant NE/C003365/1 (IR).
NR 57
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
EI 1520-0485
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 39
IS 6
BP 1317
EP 1339
DI 10.1175/2008JPO3891.1
PG 23
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 470EV
UT WOS:000267958800003
ER

PT J
AU Rothman, LS
   Gordon, IE
   Barbe, A
   Benner, DC
   Bernath, PE
   Birk, M
   Boudon, V
   Brown, LR
   Campargue, A
   Champion, JP
   Chance, K
   Coudert, LH
   Dana, V
   Devi, VM
   Fally, S
   Flaud, JM
   Gamache, RR
   Goldman, A
   Jacquemart, D
   Kleiner, I
   Lacome, N
   Lafferty, WJ
   Mandin, JY
   Massie, ST
   Mikhailenko, SN
   Miller, CE
   Moazzen-Ahmadi, N
   Naumenko, OV
   Nikitin, AV
   Orphal, J
   Perevalov, VI
   Perrin, A
   Predoi-Cross, A
   Rinsland, CP
   Rotger, M
   Simeckova, M
   Smith, MAH
   Sung, K
   Tashkun, SA
   Tennyson, J
   Toth, RA
   Vandaele, AC
   Vander Auwera, J
AF Rothman, L. S.
   Gordon, I. E.
   Barbe, A.
   Benner, D. Chris
   Bernath, P. E.
   Birk, M.
   Boudon, V.
   Brown, L. R.
   Campargue, A.
   Champion, J. -P.
   Chance, K.
   Coudert, L. H.
   Dana, V.
   Devi, V. M.
   Fally, S.
   Flaud, J. -M.
   Gamache, R. R.
   Goldman, A.
   Jacquemart, D.
   Kleiner, I.
   Lacome, N.
   Lafferty, W. J.
   Mandin, J. -Y.
   Massie, S. T.
   Mikhailenko, S. N.
   Miller, C. E.
   Moazzen-Ahmadi, N.
   Naumenko, O. V.
   Nikitin, A. V.
   Orphal, J.
   Perevalov, V. I.
   Perrin, A.
   Predoi-Cross, A.
   Rinsland, C. P.
   Rotger, M.
   Simeckova, M.
   Smith, M. A. H.
   Sung, K.
   Tashkun, S. A.
   Tennyson, J.
   Toth, R. A.
   Vandaele, A. C.
   Vander Auwera, J.
TI The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Review
DE HITRAN; Spectroscopic database; Molecular spectroscopy; Molecular
   absorption; Spectroscopic line parameters; Absorption cross-sections;
   Aerosols
ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ABSOLUTE LINE-INTENSITIES; FOURIER-TRANSFORM
   SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-BROADENING COEFFICIENTS; DIODE-LASER MEASUREMENTS;
   HIGH-RESOLUTION ANALYSIS; WATER-VAPOR TRANSITIONS; OXYGEN A-BAND; MU-M
   REGION; CONSTRAINED MULTISPECTRUM ANALYSIS
AB This paper describes the status of the 2008 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database. The new edition is the first official public release since the 2004 edition, although a number of crucial updates had been made available online since 2004. The HITRAN compilation consists of several components that serve as input for radiative-transfer calculation codes: individual line parameters for the microwave through visible spectra of molecules in the gas phase; absorption cross-sections for molecules having dense spectral features, i.e. spectra in which the individual lines are not resolved; individual line parameters and absorption cross-sections for bands in the ultraviolet; refractive indices of aerosols, tables and files of general properties associated with the database; and database management software. The line-by-line portion of the database contains spectroscopic parameters for 42 molecules including many of their isotopologues. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rothman, L. S.; Gordon, I. E.; Chance, K.; Simeckova, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Barbe, A.; Rotger, M.] Univ Reims, Grp Spectrometrie Mol & Atmospher, F-51062 Reims, France.
   [Benner, D. Chris; Devi, V. M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA.
   [Bernath, P. E.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Birk, M.] DLR Remote Sensing Technol Inst, Wessling, Germany.
   [Boudon, V.; Champion, J. -P.; Rotger, M.] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Inst Carnot Bourgogne, F-21078 Dijon, France.
   [Brown, L. R.; Miller, C. E.; Sung, K.; Toth, R. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Campargue, A.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France.
   [Dana, V.; Mandin, J. -Y.] Univ Paris 06, UPMC, UMR 7092, Lab Phys Mol & Applicat, F-75252 Paris, France.
   [Fally, S.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
   [Gamache, R. R.] Univ Mass Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.
   [Goldman, A.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
   [Jacquemart, D.] Univ Paris 06, UPMC, UMR 7075, Lab Dynam Interact & React, F-75252 Paris, France.
   [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Massie, S. T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Mikhailenko, S. N.; Naumenko, O. V.; Nikitin, A. V.; Perevalov, V. I.; Tashkun, S. A.] Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk 634055, Russia.
   [Moazzen-Ahmadi, N.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
   [Predoi-Cross, A.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
   [Rinsland, C. P.; Smith, M. A. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   [Tennyson, J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   [Vandaele, A. C.] Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
RP Rothman, LS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM lrothman@cfa.harvard.edu
RI BOUDON, Vincent/A-4504-2010; Champion, Jean-Paul/C-3963-2009; Lacome,
   Nelly/A-7043-2008; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Tennyson,
   Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Orphal, Johannes/A-8667-2012; Nikitin,
   Andrei/K-2624-2013; Tashkun, Sergey/E-8682-2014; Sung,
   Keeyoon/I-6533-2015
OI Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847; Chance,
   Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Gordon, Iouli/0000-0003-4763-2841; Bernath,
   Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238;
   Orphal, Johannes/0000-0002-1943-4496; Nikitin,
   Andrei/0000-0002-4280-4096; 
NR 368
TC 2138
Z9 2222
U1 31
U2 260
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
EI 1879-1352
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 2009
VL 110
IS 9-10
SI SI
BP 533
EP 572
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.013
PG 40
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 447HD
UT WOS:000266181300002
ER

PT J
AU Tennyson, J
   Bernath, PF
   Brown, LR
   Campargue, A
   Carleere, MR
   Csaszar, AG
   Gamache, RR
   Hodges, JT
   Jenouvrier, A
   Naumenko, OV
   Polyansky, OL
   Rothman, LS
   Toth, RA
   Vandaele, AC
   Zobov, NF
   Daumont, L
   Fazliev, AZ
   Furtenbacher, T
   Gordon, IE
   Mikhailenko, SN
   Shirin, SV
AF Tennyson, Jonathan
   Bernath, Peter F.
   Brown, Linda R.
   Campargue, Alain
   Carleere, Michel R.
   Csaszar, Attila G.
   Gamache, Robert R.
   Hodges, Joseph T.
   Jenouvrier, Alain
   Naumenko, Olga V.
   Polyansky, Oleg L.
   Rothman, Laurence S.
   Toth, Robert A.
   Vandaele, Ann Carine
   Zobov, Nikolai F.
   Daumont, Ludovic
   Fazliev, Alexander Z.
   Furtenbacher, Tibor
   Gordon, Iouli E.
   Mikhailenko, Semen N.
   Shirin, Sergei V.
TI IUPAC critical evaluation of the rotational-vibrational spectra of water
   vapor. Part I-Energy levels and transition wavenumbers for (H2O)-O-17
   and (H2O)-O-18
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Review
DE Water vapor; Transition wavenumbers; Atmospheric physics; Energy levels;
   MARVEL; Information system; Database; Infrared spectra; Microwave
   spectra
ID SUBMILLIMETER MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; LORENTZ-BROADENING COEFFICIENTS;
   CENTRIFUGAL-DISTORTION ANALYSIS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY;
   RESOLUTION INFRARED SPECTRA; LINE-SHIFT COEFFICIENTS; RING-DOWN
   SPECTROSCOPY; 1.39 MU-M; INTERACTING STATES; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA
AB This is the first part of a series of articles reporting critically evaluated rotational-vibrational line positions, transition intensities, pressure dependence and energy levels, with associated critically reviewed assignments and uncertainties, for all the main isotopologues of water. The present article contains energy levels and data for line positions of the singly substituted isotopologues (H2O)-O-17 and (H2O)-O-18. The procedure and code MARVEL, standing for measured active rotational-vibrational energy levels, is used extensively in all stages of determining the validated levels and lines and their self-consistent uncertainties. The spectral regions covered for both isotopologues (H2O)-O-17 and (H2O)-O-18 are 0-17 125 cm(-1). The energy levels are checked against ones determined from accurate variational calculations. The number of critically evaluated and recommended levels and lines are, respectively, 2687 and 8614 for (H2O)-O-17, and 4839 and 29364 for (H2O)-O-18. The extensive lists of MARVEL lines and levels obtained are deposited in the Supplementary Material, as well as in a distributed information system applied to water, W@DIS, where they can easily be retrieved. A distinguishing feature of the present evaluation of water spectroscopic data is the systematic use of all available experimental data and validation by first-principles theoretical calculations. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tennyson, Jonathan; Polyansky, Oleg L.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   [Bernath, Peter F.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Brown, Linda R.; Toth, Robert A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
   [Campargue, Alain] Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France.
   [Carleere, Michel R.] Univ Libre Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
   [Csaszar, Attila G.; Furtenbacher, Tibor] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, Hungary.
   [Gamache, Robert R.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA.
   [Hodges, Joseph T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Jenouvrier, Alain; Daumont, Ludovic] Univ Reims, Reims, France.
   [Naumenko, Olga V.; Fazliev, Alexander Z.; Mikhailenko, Semen N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk, Russia.
   [Rothman, Laurence S.; Gordon, Iouli E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Vandaele, Ann Carine] Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
   [Zobov, Nikolai F.; Shirin, Sergei V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia.
RP Tennyson, J (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
EM j.tennyson@ucl.ac.uk
RI Csaszar, Attila/A-5241-2009; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Hodges,
   Joseph/B-4578-2009; Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; 
OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Tennyson,
   Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Gordon, Iouli/0000-0003-4763-2841;
   Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847
FU Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry [2004-035-1-100]; UK Engineering and
   Physical Science Research Council; UK Natural Environment Research
   Council; Royal Society; British Council; INTAS foundation
   [WWLC-008535-MCA FP6 EC]; Scientific Research Fund of Hungary [OTKA
   T47185, K72885]; NKTH; European Union QUASAAR Marie Curie research
   training network; NATO; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Belgian
   Federal Science Policy Office [EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A, PRODEX
   151490INLSFe(IC)]; Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRFC
   contracts); Communaut de Belgique (Action de Recherche Concertees); NASA
   Earth Observing System (EOS) [NAG5-13534]; NASA laboratory astrophysics
   program; Programme National LEFE (CHAT) of CNRS (INSU); The National
   Aeronaudcs and Space Administratio
FX We all thank the international Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for
   funding under Project 2004-035-1-100 (A database of water transitions
   from experiment and theory). In addition, this work has received partial
   support from the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council,
   the UK Natural Environment Research Council, the Royal Society, the
   British Council, the INTAS foundation, Grant WWLC-008535-(reintegration)
   MCA FP6 EC, the Scientific Research Fund of Hungary (Grants OTKA T47185
   and K72885), the NKTH, the European Union QUASAAR Marie Curie research
   training network, NATO, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the
   Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Contracts EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A,
   PRODEX 151490INLSFe(IC)), the Belgian National Fund for Scientific
   Research (FRFC contracts), the Communaut de Belgique (Action de
   Recherche Concertees), NASA Earth Observing System (EOS), under the
   Grant NAG5-13534, the NASA laboratory astrophysics program. Alain
   Campargue and Ludovic Daumont are grateful for the financial support
   provided by the Programme National LEFE (CHAT) of CNRS (INSU). Part of
   the research described in this paper was performed at the jet Propulsion
   Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with The
   National Aeronaudcs and Space Administration.
NR 127
TC 90
Z9 95
U1 4
U2 28
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 2009
VL 110
IS 9-10
SI SI
BP 573
EP 596
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.014
PG 24
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 447HD
UT WOS:000266181300003
ER

PT J
AU Flaud, JM
   Lafferty, WJ
   Sams, RL
AF Flaud, J. -M.
   Lafferty, W. J.
   Sams, R. L.
TI Line intensities for the nu(1), nu(3) and nu(1)+nu(3) bands of
   (SO2)-S-34
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
DE (SO2)-S-34 infrared spectrum; Band intensities; nu(1), nu(3) and
   nu(1)+nu(3) bands
ID EQUILIBRIUM ROTATIONAL-CONSTANTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION ANALYSIS;
   VIBRATIONAL-STATES; COMBINATION BAND; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SO2; POSITIONS;
   SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA
AB Using both high resolution (0.0018 cm(-1)) and medium resolution (0.112 cm(-1)) Fourier transform spectra of an enriched S-34 (95.3%) sample of sulfur dioxide, it has been possible to accurately measure a large number of individual line intensities for some of the strongest of the SO2 bands, i.e. nu(1), nu(3) and nu(1)+nu(3). These intensities were least-squares fitted using a theoretical model which takes into account the vibration-rotation interactions linking the upper energy levels where needed, and, in this way, expansions of the various transition moment operators were determined. The Hamiltonian parameters determined in previous analyses together with these moments were then used to generate synthetic spectra for the bands studied and their corresponding hot bands providing one with an extensive picture of the absorption spectrum of (SO2)-S-34 in the spectral domains, 8.7, 7.4, and 4 mu m. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est, CNRS, Lab Inter Univ Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France.
   [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Lab Inter Univ Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France.
   [Sams, R. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Walter.Lafferty@nist.gov
FU NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; United States Department of
   Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Pacific Northwest National
   Laboratory is operated for the United States Department of Energy by
   Battelle [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830]
FX The portion of this work performed at NIST was supported in part by the
   NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. This research was also
   supported, in part, by the United States Department of Energy, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, and the experimental
   part was performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science
   Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the
   Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
   located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest
   National Laboratory is operated for the United States Department of
   Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. JMF thanks the
   Optical Technology Division of NIST for its support during his visit.
NR 23
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 2009
VL 110
IS 9-10
SI SI
BP 669
EP 674
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.12.003
PG 6
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 447HD
UT WOS:000266181300010
ER

PT J
AU West, DV
   McQueen, TM
   Posen, ID
   Ke, X
   Huang, Q
   Zandbergen, HW
   Williams, AJ
   Schiffer, P
   Cava, RJ
AF West, D. V.
   McQueen, T. M.
   Posen, I. D.
   Ke, X.
   Huang, Q.
   Zandbergen, H. W.
   Williams, A. J.
   Schiffer, P.
   Cava, R. J.
TI The A(2+)Mn(5)(SO4)(6) family of triangular lattice, ferrimagnetic
   sulfates
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Triangular lattice; Geometric frustration; Magnetism; Sulfate; Regular
   polygon tiling; Crystallography; New crystal structure
AB A new family of anhydrous sulfates, A(2+)Mn(5)(SO4)(6) (A = Pb, Ba, Sr) is reported. The crystal structures of PbMn5(SO4)(6) and SrMn5(SO4)(6) are solved by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction. BaMn5(SO4)(6) is isostructural. PbMn5(SO4)(6) Crystallizes with P (3) over bar symmetry and unit cell parameters of a = 14.551 (1) angstrom and c = 7.535(1) angstrom. The structure has rich features, including dimers of face-sharing MnO6 octahedra, and two complementary triangular layers of Mn atoms. All compounds undergo a magnetic ordering transition at 10 K, below which, the magnetic susceptibility of the compounds varies systematically with the radius of the non-magnetic cation. Low temperature neutron diffraction shows that the complementary triangular layers result in a ferrimagnet with a net moment corresponding to one high spin Mn2+ per unit cell, correlating well with the magnetization data. The non-magnetic variant PbMg5(SO4)(6) is also reported. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [West, D. V.; McQueen, T. M.; Posen, I. D.; Williams, A. J.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Ke, X.; Schiffer, P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Ke, X.; Schiffer, P.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Huang, Q.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Zandbergen, H. W.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Delft, Netherlands.
RP West, DV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM barelytone@gmail.com
RI Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; 
OI Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549; Posen, I.
   Daniel/0000-0001-5093-140X
FU NSF [DMR-0701582, DMR-0703095]
FX This research was supported by the NSF grant number DMR-0701582, and by
   the NSF program in Solid State Chemistry, grant number NSF DMR-0703095.
   Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified in this report
   to describe the subject adequately. Such identification does not imply
   recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor does it imply that the
   materials and equipment identified are necessarily the best available
   for the purpose. TM. McQueen gratefully acknowledges support of the
   National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program.
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 10
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
EI 1095-726X
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 182
IS 6
BP 1343
EP 1350
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2009.03.001
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 454KI
UT WOS:000266680400010
ER

PT J
AU Hildebrand, M
   Kim, S
   Shi, D
   Scott, K
   Subramaniam, S
AF Hildebrand, Mark
   Kim, Sang
   Shi, Dan
   Scott, Keana
   Subramaniam, Sriram
TI 3D imaging of diatoms with ion-abrasion scanning electron microscopy
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Diatom; Ion-abrasion SEM; Biomineral structure formation;
   Biosilicification; 3D tomography
ID SILICA SHELL FORMATION; THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; VALVE MORPHOGENESIS;
   CENTRIC DIATOM; CELL-WALL; CYLINDROTHECA-FUSIFORMIS;
   CYCLOTELLA-CRYPTICA; MICROTUBULE CENTER; FINE-STRUCTURE; BIOSILICA
AB Ion-abrasion scanning electron microscopy (IASEM) takes advantage of focused ion beams to abrade thin sections from the surface of bulk specimens, coupled with SEM to image the surface of each section, enabling 3D reconstructions of subcellular architecture at similar to 30 nm resolution. Here, we report the first application of IASEM for imaging a biomineralizing organism, the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Diatoms have highly patterned silica-based cell wall structures that are unique models for the study and application of directed nanomaterials synthesis by biological systems. Our study provides new insights into the architecture and assembly principles of both the "hard" (siliceous) and "soft" (organic) components of the cell. From 3D reconstructions of developmentally synchronized diatoms captured at different stages, we show that both micro- and nanoscale siliceous structures can be visualized at specific stages in their formation. We show that not only are structures visualized in a whole-cell context, but demonstrate that fragile, early-stage structures are visible, and that this can be combined with elemental mapping in the exposed slice. We demonstrate that the 3D architectures of silica structures, and the cellular components that mediate their creation and positioning can be visualized simultaneously, providing new opportunities to study and manipulate mineral nanostructures in a genetically tractable system. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hildebrand, Mark] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Kim, Sang; Shi, Dan; Subramaniam, Sriram] NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA.
   [Scott, Keana] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hildebrand, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM mhildebrand@ucsd.edu
RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University
   Research Initiative [RF00965521]; National Cancer Institute
FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research
   Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant RF00965521 (to
   M.H.) and by the intramural program of the National Cancer Institute (to
   S.S.).
NR 52
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 2
U2 30
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1047-8477
J9 J STRUCT BIOL
JI J. Struct. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 166
IS 3
BP 316
EP 328
DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.02.014
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
GA 445QL
UT WOS:000266066500008
PM 19269330
ER

PT J
AU Campbell, S
   Shipp, S
   Mulcahy, T
   Allen, TW
AF Campbell, Stephen
   Shipp, Stephanie
   Mulcahy, Tim
   Allen, Ted W.
TI Informing public policy on science and innovation: the Advanced
   Technology Program's experience
SO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
DE Innovation measurement; Data Enclave; Advanced Technology Program
AB The Advanced Technology Program (ATP) collected a unique source of data from highly innovative firms beginning in 1993. These data follow the OECD's guidelines for collecting innovation data and provide important insights for understanding the innovation process within firms. Although the data are not representative of the population of firms, there is sufficient number of firms in the dataset to test hypotheses and to provide a starting point for calls for innovation metrics. Because of the confidential nature of the data, ATP worked with the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) to create a Data Enclave so that researchers could remotely access the ATP data in a secure environment. To initiate the use of ATP data in the Data Enclave, the ATP program funded researchers to undertake research projects that use ATP data. Other organizations have joined the Data Enclave, including the Department of Agriculture and the Kauffman Foundation.
C1 [Shipp, Stephanie] Inst Sci & Technol Policy, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA.
   [Campbell, Stephen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Mulcahy, Tim] Univ Chicago, NORC, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
   [Allen, Ted W.] 5X5 Mkt Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA.
RP Shipp, S (reprint author), Inst Sci & Technol Policy, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA.
EM stephen.campbell@nist.gov; sshipp@ida.org; mulcahy-tim@norc.org;
   twa5X5@verizon.net
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0892-9912
J9 J TECHNOL TRANSFER
JI J. Technol. Transf.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 3
BP 304
EP 319
DI 10.1007/s10961-008-9098-7
PG 16
WC Engineering, Industrial; Management
SC Engineering; Business & Economics
GA 404VP
UT WOS:000263181400004
ER

PT J
AU Sarvazyan, A
   Ostrovsky, L
AF Sarvazyan, Armen
   Ostrovsky, Lev
TI Stirring and mixing of liquids using acoustic radiation force
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID STANDING-WAVE; BUBBLE; ULTRASOUND; MANIPULATION; CELLS; FIELD;
   ENHANCEMENT; PARTICLES; MOTION; SOUND
AB The possibility of using acoustic radiation force in standing waves for stirring and mixing small volumes of liquids is theoretically analyzed. The principle of stirring considered in this paper is based on moving the microparticles suspended in a standing acoustic wave by changing the frequency so that one standing wave mode is replaced by the other, with differently positioned minima of potential energy. The period-average transient dynamics of solid microparticles and gas microbubbles is considered, and simple analytical solutions are obtained for the case of standing waves of variable amplitude. It is shown that bubbles can be moved from one equilibrium position to another two to three orders of magnitude faster than solid particles. For example, radiation force in a standing acoustic wave field may induce movement of microbubbles with a speed of the order of a few m/s at a frequency of 1 MHz and ultrasound pressure amplitude of 100 kPa, whereas the speed of rigid particles does not exceed 1 cm/s under the same conditions. The stirring effect can be additionally enhanced due to the fact that the bubbles that are larger and smaller than the resonant bubbles move in opposite directions. Possible applications of the analyzed stirring mechanism, such as in microarrays, are discussed. (C) 2009 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3124769]
C1 [Sarvazyan, Armen] ARTANN Labs Inc, Trenton, NJ 08618 USA.
   [Ostrovsky, Lev] Univ Colorado, Zel Technol NOAA Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Sarvazyan, A (reprint author), ARTANN Labs Inc, 1459 Lower Ferry Rd, Trenton, NJ 08618 USA.
OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 11
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 125
IS 6
BP 3548
EP 3554
DI 10.1121/1.3124769
PG 7
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 454FI
UT WOS:000266667400012
PM 19507936
ER

PT J
AU Kidd, C
   Levizzani, V
   Turk, J
   Ferraro, R
AF Kidd, Chris
   Levizzani, Vincenzo
   Turk, Joe
   Ferraro, Ralph
TI Satellite Precipitation Measurements for Water Resource Monitoring
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE precipitation; remote sensing; hydrologic cycle; meteorology
ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT;
   CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT; ALGORITHMS; VALIDATION; CLOUD; TRMM
AB Satellites offer an unrivaled vantage point to observe and measure Earth system processes and parameters. Observations of meteorological phenomena permit a more holistic view of the weather and climate that is not possible through conventional surface observations. Precipitation (rain and snow) in particular, benefit from such observations since precipitation is spatially and temporally highly variable: conventional gauge and radar measurements tend to be land-based with variable coverage. This paper provides an overview of the satellite systems that provide the observations, the techniques used to derive precipitation from the observations, and examples of the precipitation products available for users to access.
C1 [Ferraro, Ralph] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
   [Ferraro, Ralph] NRL, Monterey, CA USA.
   [Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, College Pk, MD USA.
   [Ferraro, Ralph] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
EM C.Kidd@bham.ac.uk
RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013; Kidd,
   Christopher/H-9910-2014
OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Levizzani,
   Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235; 
FU The Ivanhoe Foundation grants Fellowships
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the various members of the
   satellite precipitation community that contribute material for the
   furtherance of precipitation research. We would also like to thank data
   providers, particularly EUMETSAT and NASA/TSDIS for the provision of
   image data.
NR 29
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 45
IS 3
BP 567
EP 579
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00326.x
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
   Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 449NA
UT WOS:000266336100003
ER

PT J
AU Schramm, Y
   Mesnick, SL
   de la Rosa, J
   Palacios, DM
   Lowry, MS
   Aurioles-Gamboa, D
   Snell, HM
   Escorza-Trevino, S
AF Schramm, Yolanda
   Mesnick, S. L.
   de la Rosa, J.
   Palacios, D. M.
   Lowry, M. S.
   Aurioles-Gamboa, D.
   Snell, H. M.
   Escorza-Trevino, S.
TI Phylogeography of California and Galapagos sea lions and population
   structure within the California sea lion
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS;
   BAJA-CALIFORNIA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DNA-SEQUENCE; MEXICO; BIOGEOGRAPHY;
   PACIFIC; DIVERGENCE
AB We investigate the phylogeography of California (Zalophus californianus) and Galapagos (Z. wollebaeki) sea lions and describe within-population structure for the California sea lion based on mitochondrial DNA. Fifty control-region haplotypes were found, 41 from Z. californianus and 9 from Z. wollebaeki, with three fixed differences between the two species. Ranked population boundaries along the range of Z. californianus were defined based on the Monmonier Maximum Difference Algorithm, resulting in five genetically distinct populations, two in the Pacific Ocean and three inside the Gulf of California. A Minimum Spanning Network showed a strong phylogeographic signal with two well-defined clusters, Z. californianus and Z. wollebaeki, separated by six base-pair differences, supporting the existence of two genetically distinct species with an estimated divergence time of similar to 0.8 Ma. Results are discussed in the context of the historical geologic and paleoceanographic events of the last 1 Ma in the eastern Pacific.
C1 [Schramm, Yolanda; de la Rosa, J.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada 22830, Baja California, Mexico.
   [Mesnick, S. L.; Lowry, M. S.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Palacios, D. M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Palacios, D. M.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
   [Aurioles-Gamboa, D.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, La Paz 23000, Baja California, Mexico.
   [Snell, H. M.] Charles Darwin Fdn, Charles Darwin Res Stn, Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador.
   [Escorza-Trevino, S.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
RP Schramm, Y (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Km 103 Carretera Tijuana Ensenada S-N, Ensenada 22830, Baja California, Mexico.
EM yschramm@uabc.mx
RI Munguia-Vega, Adrian/G-8417-2012; 
OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913
FU Mexican National Science Foundation (CONACyT); Alstom Power (Rosarito,
   Mexico); Universidad Autonoma de Baja California; US Office of Naval
   Research [N00014-05-1-0045]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program
FX Tissue samples were collected in Mexico under permit No. DOO750.8106-97
   from the Instituto Nacional de Ecologia; in California under permit No.
   1026 from the US Department of Commerce; and in Galapagos, Ecuador,
   under permit No. PC-009-99 from the Galapagos National Park (and permit
   No. 017-00 for sample export). Additional sea lion samples from San
   Miguel Island were kindly provided by S. Melin (US National Marine
   Fisheries Service) and from Galapagos by S. K. Salazar (Charles Darwin
   Research Station). Work in Mexico was facilitated by A. Zavala and O.
   Maravilla and carried out on Mexican Navy ships. G. Heckel, L. Inclan
   and M. L. Anoge participated during the cruise. We acknowledge the
   invaluable logistical support provided by the Charles Darwin Research
   Station in Galapagos (through P. Robayo). Thanks to the welcome provided
   by A. Dizon and staff at the SWFSC Marine Mammal Genetics Laboratory and
   to C. Le Duc, K. Robertson and J. Hyde for their assistance in the lab.
   Y. S. had grants from the Mexican National Science Foundation (CONACyT),
   Alstom Power (Rosarito, Mexico), and the Universidad Autonoma de Baja
   California. D. M. P. was supported by award No. N00014-05-1-0045 from
   the US Office of Naval Research, National Oceanographic Partnership
   Program. Supplemental funding for Galapagos sample export was provided
   by the Protected Resources Division of the SWFSC (through R. L. Brownell
   Jr.). Earlier drafts of the manuscript benefited from comments by G.
   Heckel. We thank to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable
   suggestions and comments. The experiments comply with the current laws
   of the USA, Mexico and Ecuador.
NR 103
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 13
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0025-3162
EI 1432-1793
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 156
IS 7
BP 1375
EP 1387
DI 10.1007/s00227-009-1178-1
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 444WE
UT WOS:000266010300002
ER

PT J
AU Cui, XP
   Li, XF
AF Cui, Xiaopeng
   Li, Xiaofan
TI Diurnal responses of tropical convective and stratiform rainfall to
   diurnally varying sea surface temperature
SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE
   STRUCTURE; OCEANIC CONVECTION; CUMULUS CONVECTION; EQUILIBRIUM STATES;
   FRONTAL RAINBANDS; RESOLVING MODEL; TOGA COARE; PRECIPITATION
AB Two experiments were carried out using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model to study the effects of diurnally varying sea surface temperature (SST) on diurnal variations of tropical convective and stratiform rainfall. Experiment SST29 is imposed by a constant SST of 29A degrees C, whereas experiment SST29D is imposed by a diurnally varying SST with a time-mean of 29A degrees C and a diurnal difference of 1A degrees C. Both experiments are also zonally uniformly imposed by a zero vertical velocity and a constant zonal wind, and are integrated for 40 days to reach quasi-equilibrium states. The model domain mean surface rain rate is larger in SST29D than in SST29 in the late afternoon, when the ocean surface is warmer in SST29D. Convective-stratiform rainfall partitioning analysis reveals that the late-afternoon convective rainfall is larger in SST29D than in SST29, whereas the stratiform rainfalls are similar in both experiments. Further analysis of surface rainfall and cloud microphysical budgets over convective regions shows that, in the late afternoon, the larger amount of water vapor is pumped into the non-raining region through the larger surface evaporation associated with the warmer SST. This water vapor is then transported into convective regions to produce more vapor condensation and greater collection of cloud water by raindrops and larger convective rainfall in SST29D than in SST29.
C1 [Cui, Xiaopeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Cui, XP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xpcui@mail.iap.ac.cn
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775036]; Outstanding
   Oversea Scholars [2005-2-17]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [IAP07214]
FX The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful
   comments. Dr. X. Cui is supported by the National Natural Science
   Foundation of China under Grant No. 40775036, "Outstanding Oversea
   Scholars'' project under Grant No. 2005-2-17, and the Knowledge
   Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP07214).
NR 46
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0177-7971
J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS
JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 104
IS 1-2
BP 53
EP 61
DI 10.1007/s00703-008-0016-1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 443OK
UT WOS:000265919400005
ER

PT J
AU Holt, DR
AF Holt, Donald R.
TI Periodic electromagnetic fields for finding the propagation constant of
   coaxial air lines with surface roughness and ohmic wall loss
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE-GUIDES; WAVEGUIDE; REFLECTION
AB Maxwell's equations in the context of Floquet's theorem for construction of a sequence of periodic precision air lines with surface roughness and ohmic resistance in the conductor walls offer a solution for finding the propagation constants in correspondence to the principal transverse magnetic mode. Boundary conditions to define surface roughness and ohmic wall loss through a tangent surface vector expression to incorporate composite axial and radial electromagnetic field components enable the construction of a system determinant to extract the propagation constant.
C1 [Holt, Donald R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Microwave Measurements Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sigzit@cox.net
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 167
EP 177
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/003
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451FY
UT WOS:000266457300006
ER

PT J
AU Harvey, AH
   Span, R
   Fujii, K
   Tanaka, M
   Davis, RS
AF Harvey, A. H.
   Span, R.
   Fujii, K.
   Tanaka, M.
   Davis, R. S.
TI Density of water: roles of the CIPM and IAPWS standards
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DISSOLVED AIR; 40-DEGREES-C; 0-DEGREES-C
AB This contribution discusses the relative roles of the standard formulation for the density of liquid water recommended for metrology by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) in 2001 and the thermodynamic property formulation adopted by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) in 1995. The two formulations give consistent results for densities in the region of validity of the CIPM standard. Guidelines are presented for the appropriate use of the two formulations.
C1 [Harvey, A. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Span, R.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Thermodynam, Fak Maschinenbau, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
   [Fujii, K.; Tanaka, M.] AIST Cent 3, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan.
   [Davis, R. S.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France.
RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM aharvey@boulder.nist.gov; fujii.kenichi@aist.go.jp
OI Span, Roland/0000-0002-8350-8285
NR 17
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 196
EP 198
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/006
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451FY
UT WOS:000266457300009
ER

PT J
AU Mariassy, M
   Pratt, KW
   Spitzer, P
AF Mariassy, Michal
   Pratt, Kenneth W.
   Spitzer, Petra
TI Major applications of electrochemical techniques at national metrology
   institutes
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Review
ID PRECISE COULOMETRIC TITRATION; CONSTANT-CURRENT COULOMETRY;
   CONTROLLED-POTENTIAL COULOMETRY; REFERENCE VALUE STANDARDS;
   ORGANIC-SOLVENT MIXTURES; COMPRESSED GAS-MIXTURES; PH MEASUREMENTS;
   ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY; ABSOLUTE DETERMINATION; ATOMIC WEIGHT
AB A review of the state of the art of electrochemical methods at the highest metrology level in national metrology institutes (NMIs) is given, with emphasis on standardization work (primary methods) in the fields of pH and electrolytic conductivity, as well as use of coulometry. Attention is also given to certain technical issues in the implementation of these methods.
C1 [Mariassy, Michal] Slovensky Metrol Ustav, SK-84255 Bratislava 4, Slovakia.
   [Pratt, Kenneth W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Spitzer, Petra] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
RP Mariassy, M (reprint author), Slovensky Metrol Ustav, Karloveska 63, SK-84255 Bratislava 4, Slovakia.
EM mariassy@smu.gov.sk
NR 151
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 15
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
EI 1681-7575
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 199
EP 213
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/007
PG 15
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451FY
UT WOS:000266457300010
ER

PT J
AU Kacker, RN
   Lawrence, JF
AF Kacker, Raghu N.
   Lawrence, James F.
TI Rectangular distribution whose width is not exactly known:
   isocurvilinear trapezoidal distribution
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
AB After the Gaussian distribution, the probability distribution most commonly used in evaluation of uncertainty in measurement is the rectangular distribution. If the half-width of a rectangular distribution is specified, the mid-point is uncertain, and the probability distribution of the mid-point may be represented by another (narrower) rectangular distribution then the resulting distribution is an isosceles trapezoidal distribution. However, in metrological applications, it is more common that the mid-point is specified but the half-width is uncertain. If the probability distribution of the half-width may be represented by another (narrower) rectangular distribution, then the resulting distribution looks like an isosceles trapezoid whose sloping sides are curved. We can refer to such a probability distribution as an isocurvilinear trapezoidal distribution. We describe the main characteristics of an isocurvilinear trapezoidal distribution which arises when the half-width is uncertain. When the uncertainty in specification of the half-width is not excessive, the isocurvilinear trapezoidal distribution can be approximated by an isosceles trapezoidal distribution.
C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Lawrence, James F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Lawrence, James F.] George Mason Univ, Dept Math, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov; james.lawrence@nist.gov
NR 4
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 254
EP 260
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/012
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451FY
UT WOS:000266457300015
ER

PT J
AU Elster, C
   Toman, B
AF Elster, Clemens
   Toman, Blaza
TI Bayesian uncertainty analysis under prior ignorance of the measurand
   versus analysis using the Supplement 1 to the Guide: a comparison
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID GUM
AB A recent supplement to the GUM (GUM S1) is compared with a Bayesian analysis in terms of a particular task of data analysis, one where no prior knowledge of the measurand is presumed. For the Bayesian analysis, an improper prior density on the measurand is employed. It is shown that both approaches yield the same results when the measurand depends linearly on the input quantities, but generally different results otherwise. This difference is shown to be not a conceptual one, but due to the fact that the two methods correspond to Bayesian analysis under different parametrizations, with ignorance of the measurand expressed by a non-informative prior on a different parameter. The use of the improper prior for the measurand itself may result in an improper posterior probability density function (PDF) when the measurand depends non-linearly on the input quantities. On the other hand, the PDF of the measurand derived by the GUM supplement method is always proper but may sometimes have undesirable properties such as non-existence of moments.
   It is concluded that for a linear model both analyses can safely be applied. For a non-linear model, the GUM supplement approach may be preferred over a Bayesian analysis using a constant prior on the measurand. But since in this case the GUM S1 PDF may also have undesirable properties, and as often some prior knowledge about the measurand may be established, metrologists are strongly encouraged to express this prior knowledge in terms of a proper PDF which can then be included in a Bayesian analysis. The results of this paper are illustrated by an example of a simple non-linear model.
C1 [Elster, Clemens] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
   [Toman, Blaza] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Elster, C (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
NR 11
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 261
EP 266
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/013
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451FY
UT WOS:000266457300016
ER

PT J
AU Rukhin, AL
AF Rukhin, Andrew L.
TI Weighted means statistics in interlaboratory studies
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOM EFFECTS MODEL; KEY COMPARISON DATA; ESTIMATORS; VARIANCES; VALUES
AB The usefulness of weighted means statistics as a consensus mean estimator in collaborative studies is discussed. A random effects model designed to combine information from several sources is employed to justify their appeal to metrologists. Some methods of estimating the uncertainties and of constructing confidence intervals are reviewed.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 37
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 323
EP 331
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/021
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451FY
UT WOS:000266457300024
ER

PT J
AU Jabbour, ZJ
   Abbott, P
   Williams, E
   Liu, R
   Lee, V
AF Jabbour, Zeina J.
   Abbott, Patrick
   Williams, Edwin
   Liu, Ruimin
   Lee, Vincent
TI Linking air and vacuum mass measurement by magnetic levitation
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID SUSPENSION BALANCE; KILOGRAM; REDEFINITION; STANDARDS; CONSTANT; DENSITY
AB This paper describes a new approach to link air and vacuum mass measurements using magnetic levitation techniques. This procedure provides direct traceability to national standards, presently defined in ambient air. We describe the basic principles, challenges, initial modelling calculations and performance expectations(1).
C1 [Jabbour, Zeina J.; Abbott, Patrick; Williams, Edwin; Liu, Ruimin; Lee, Vincent] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jabbour, ZJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 27
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 339
EP 344
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/023
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451FY
UT WOS:000266457300026
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, WP
   Zhang, NF
   Liu, HK
AF Zhang, Weiping
   Zhang, Nien Fan
   Liu, Hung-kung
TI A generalized method for the multiple artefacts problem in
   interlaboratory comparisons with linear trends
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID KEY COMPARISONS; STANDARDS
AB A generalized statistical approach for interlaboratory comparisons with linear trends is proposed. This new approach can be applied to the general case when the artefacts are measured and reported multiple times in each participating laboratory. The advantages of this approach are that it is consistent with the previous approaches when only the pilot lababoratory makes multiple measurements and it applies whether or not there exists a trend. The uncertainties for the comparison reference value and the degree of equivalence are also provided. As an illustration, the method is applied to the SIM.EM-K2 comparison for resistance at the level of 1 G Omega.
C1 [Zhang, Weiping; Zhang, Nien Fan; Liu, Hung-kung] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Zhang, Weiping] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Stat & Finance, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.
RP Zhang, WP (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Zhang, Weiping/C-6158-2014
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 345
EP 350
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/024
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451FY
UT WOS:000266457300027
ER

PT J
AU Taylor, BN
AF Taylor, Barry N.
TI Molar mass and related quantities in the New SI
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Letter
ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES
AB This letter addresses the calculation of molar mass and related quantities in the updated version of the SI (most often called the 'New SI' but sometimes the 'Quantum SI') currently under discussion by the International Committee for Weights and Measures and its Consultative Committee for Units and which could be adopted by the next General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2011.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Taylor, BN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM barry.taylor@nist.gov
NR 5
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP L16
EP L19
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/L01
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451FY
UT WOS:000266457300002
ER

PT J
AU Gu, DZ
   Rodriguez-Morales, F
   Yngvesson, SK
AF Gu, Dazhen
   Rodriguez-Morales, Fernando
   Yngvesson, Sigfrid K.
TI AIR-BRIDGE-INTEGRATED STUB FILTER FOR SUBMILLIMETER WAVE APPLICATIONS
SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE air-bridge; band-stop filter; electroplating; microfabrication;
   submillimeter wave systems
ID MODE; CPW
AB We report a coplanar waveguide notch filter with all integrated air-bridge, designed for operation at submillimeter wave frequencies and cryogenic temperatures. The filter is built with a planar slot-ring antenna, which is in turn loaded with a superconducting mixer detector. The filter is designed to have a narrow-band response with 40 dB of attenuation at 1.56 THz The fabrication of the micrometer-scale structure was accomplished by means of UV photolithography and electroplating. The optimized microelectronic fabrication process produced high Yields and good reliability. Preliminary measurements of a submillimeter wave receiver based on this design showed satisfactory performance of the filter. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1436-1439, 2009. *This article is a US Government work and. as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24375
C1 [Gu, Dazhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Rodriguez-Morales, Fernando] Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
   [Yngvesson, Sigfrid K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dazhen.gu@boulder.nist.gov
RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0895-2477
J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET
JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 51
IS 6
BP 1436
EP 1439
DI 10.1002/mop.24375
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA 433WP
UT WOS:000265236800014
ER

PT J
AU Eytan, RI
   Hayes, M
   Arbour-Reily, P
   Miller, M
   Hellberg, ME
AF Eytan, Ron I.
   Hayes, Marshall
   Arbour-Reily, Patricia
   Miller, Margaret
   Hellberg, Michael E.
TI Nuclear sequences reveal mid-range isolation of an imperilled deep-water
   coral population
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE multilocus genotyping; Oculina Banks; Oculina; population isolation
ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; GENE FLOW; PHENOTYPIC
   PLASTICITY; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; DNA-SEQUENCES; MORPHOLOGICAL
   PLASTICITY; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; BALANOPHYLLIA ELEGANS;
   EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
AB The mitochondrial DNA of corals and their anthozoan kin evolves slowly, with substitution rates about two orders of magnitude lower than in typical bilateral animals. This has impeded the delineation of closely related species and isolated populations in corals, compounding problems caused by high morphological plasticity. Here we characterize rates of divergence and levels of variation for three nuclear gene regions, then use these nuclear sequences as markers to test for population structure in Oculina, a taxonomically confused genus of corals. Rates of sequence divergence (obtained by comparison to Solenastrea hyades) were at least five (and sometimes over 10) times faster for the three nuclear markers than for a mitochondrial reference sequence. Nuclear sequence variation was also high within populations, although it tended to decline north of Cape Canaveral. Significant subdivision was evident among samples from 10 locations from between North Carolina and the Florida Panhandle, but neither nominal species designation nor population depth explained much of this variation. Instead, a single population from the unique deep (> 70 m) water reefs at the Oculina Banks off central Florida was a strong genetic outlier: all pairwise measures of subdivision involving this population were greater than those involving all other populations, and multilocus clustering recognized the Oculina Banks as distinct from other populations, despite its close proximity (<= 36 km) to populations from shallower waters nearby and its location at the centre of the sampled range. Genetic isolation of the Oculina Banks population suggests that focused efforts will be needed to conserve the foundation species of these monotypic reefs and that depth may play a role in isolating marine populations and perhaps facilitating initial steps towards speciation.
C1 [Eytan, Ron I.; Arbour-Reily, Patricia; Hellberg, Michael E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Hayes, Marshall] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Miller, Margaret] SE Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Hellberg, ME (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM mhellbe@lsu.edu
FU NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration [NA05OAR4601040]; National Science
   Foundation [OCE-0550270]
FX We thank the many who assisted with collections, including Todd Barber,
   John Brusher, Alice Dennis, Stacey Harter, Niels Lindquist, Greg McFall,
   Grant Gilmore, Sean Cimilluca, Jon Mackenzie, Karen Neely, Tracy
   Ziegler, the Volusia County Reef Research Team, the Jacksonville Reef
   Research Team, and especially Sandra Brooke. Special thanks to Greg
   Piniak (NOAA Center for Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Research, Beaufort,
   NC) and the crew of the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster. Sandra Brooke and Carlos
   Prada provided useful comments on the manuscript. Partial funding was
   provided by the NOAA-Fisheries Species of Concern program and the NOAA
   Coral Reef Conservation Program. Additional support came from the NOAA
   Office of Ocean Exploration (NA05OAR4601040 to WW Kirby-Smith) and from
   the National Science Foundation (OCE-0550270 to MEH and Iliana Baums).
NR 112
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 11
BP 2375
EP 2389
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04202.x
PG 15
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 448NH
UT WOS:000266268800008
PM 19457199
ER

PT J
AU Whitaker, JS
   Compo, GP
   Thepaut, JN
AF Whitaker, Jeffrey S.
   Compo, Gilbert P.
   Thepaut, Jean-Noel
TI A Comparison of Variational and Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation Systems
   for Reanalysis of Sparse Observations
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPLEMENTATION
AB An observing system experiment, simulating a surface-only observing network representative of the 1930s, is carried out with three-and four-dimensional variational data assimilation systems (3D-VAR and 4D-VAR) and an ensemble-based data assimilation system (EnsDA). It is found that 4D-VAR and EnsDA systems produce analyses of comparable quality and that both are much more accurate than the analyses produced by the 3D-VAR system. The EnsDA system also produces useful estimates of analysis error, which are not directly available from the variational systems.
C1 [Whitaker, Jeffrey S.; Compo, Gilbert P.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Thepaut, Jean-Noel] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
RP Whitaker, JS (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jeffrey.s.whitaker@noaa.gov
OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633
FU NOAA Climate Program Office through the Climate Dynamics and
   Experimental Predictions (CDEP) program
FX Fruitful discussions with P. Sardeshmukh, A. Simmons, N. Matsui, andT.
   Hamill aregratefully acknowledged, as are the comments of two anonymous
   reviewers. This project would not have been possible without a U.S.
   Department of Energy Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory
   and Experiment (INCITE) computing award at the National Energy Research
   Scientific Computer Center. Funding was provided by the NOAA Climate
   Program Office through the Climate Dynamics and Experimental Predictions
   (CDEP) program and through the Explaining Climate to Improve Predictions
   (ECIP) project.
NR 12
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 137
IS 6
BP 1991
EP 1999
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2781.1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 468VA
UT WOS:000267850700017
ER

PT J
AU Green, MA
AF Green, Mark A.
TI When small is better
SO NATURE MATERIALS
LA English
DT News Item
C1 [Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mark.green@nist.gov
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 12
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1476-1122
J9 NAT MATER
JI Nat. Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 8
IS 6
BP 450
EP 451
DI 10.1038/nmat2457
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
   Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 447RE
UT WOS:000266208700013
PM 19458643
ER

PT J
AU Coddington, I
   Swann, WC
   Nenadovic, L
   Newbury, NR
AF Coddington, I.
   Swann, W. C.
   Nenadovic, L.
   Newbury, N. R.
TI Rapid and precise absolute distance measurements at long range
SO NATURE PHOTONICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FEMTOSECOND PULSE LASER; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; FREQUENCY-COMB;
   FIBER-LASER; NOBEL LECTURE; INTERFEROMETRY; METROLOGY; TECHNOLOGY;
   MISSION; NOISE
AB The ability to determine absolute distance to an object is one of the most basic measurements of remote sensing. High-precision ranging has important applications in both large-scale manufacturing and in future tight formation-flying satellite missions, where rapid and precise measurements of absolute distance are critical for maintaining the relative pointing and position of the individual satellites. Using two coherent broadband fibre-laser frequency comb sources, we demonstrate a coherent laser ranging system that combines the advantages of time-of-flight and interferometric approaches to provide absolute distance measurements, simultaneously from multiple reflectors, and at low power. The pulse time-of-flight yields a precision of 3 mm with an ambiguity range of 1.5 m in 200 mu s. Through the optical carrier phase, the precision is improved to better than 5 nm at 60 ms, and through the radio-frequency phase the ambiguity range is extended to 30 km, potentially providing 2 parts in 10(13) ranging at long distances.
C1 [Coddington, I.; Swann, W. C.; Nenadovic, L.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Coddington, I (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway MS 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ian@nist.gov; nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov
NR 50
TC 247
Z9 261
U1 17
U2 111
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1749-4885
EI 1749-4893
J9 NAT PHOTONICS
JI Nat. Photonics
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 3
IS 6
BP 351
EP 356
DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2009.94
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 452MK
UT WOS:000266544000016
ER

PT J
AU Watkins, JD
   Schaff, TR
   Spinrad, RW
AF Watkins, James D.
   Schaff, Terrence R.
   Spinrad, Richard W.
TI How the Oceanographic Community Created a National Oceanographic
   Partnership Program
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Schaff, Terrence R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Spinrad, Richard W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM Richard.Spinrad@noaa.gov
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
BP 20
EP 24
PG 5
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200007
ER

PT J
AU Roemmich, D
   Johnson, GC
   Riser, S
   Davis, R
   Gilson, J
   Owens, WB
   Garzoli, SL
   Schmid, C
   Ignaszewski, M
AF Roemmich, Dean
   Johnson, Gregory C.
   Riser, Stephen
   Davis, Russ
   Gilson, John
   Owens, W. Brechner
   Garzoli, Silvia L.
   Schmid, Claudia
   Ignaszewski, Mark
TI The Argo Program Observing the Global Ocean with Profiling Floats
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC
AB The Argo Program has created the first global array for observing the subsurface ocean. Argo arose from a compelling scientific need for climate-relevant ocean data; it was made possible by technology development and implemented through international collaboration. The float program and its data management system began with regional arrays in 1999, scaled up to global deployments by 2004, and achieved its target of 3000 active instruments in 2007. US Argo, supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Navy through the National Oceanographic Partnership Program, provides half of the floats in the international array, plus leadership in float technology, data management, data quality control, international coordination, and outreach. All Argo data are freely available without restriction, in real time and in research-quality forms. Uses of Argo data range from oceanographic research, climate research, and education, to operational applications in ocean data assimilation and seasonal-to-decadal prediction. Argo's value grows as its data accumulate and their applications are better understood. Continuing advances in profiling float and sensor technologies open many exciting possibilities for Argo's future, including expanding sampling into high latitudes and the deep ocean, improving near-surface sampling, and adding biogeochemical parameters.
C1 [Roemmich, Dean; Davis, Russ] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Instrument Dev Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ocean Climate Res Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Riser, Stephen] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Owens, W. Brechner] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Garzoli, Silvia L.; Schmid, Claudia] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Ignaszewski, Mark] USN, Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA.
RP Roemmich, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Instrument Dev Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM droemmich@ucsd.edu
RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Schmid,
   Claudia/D-5875-2013
OI Davis, Russ/0000-0003-1903-6313; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253;
   Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Schmid,
   Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736
FU US Argo via the National Ocean Partnership Program [NA17RJ1231,
   NA17RJ1232, NA17RJ1223]
FX Argo data are collected and made freely available by the international
   Argo Program and by the national programs that contribute to it
   (http://www.argo. net). The authors and their part of the Argo Program
   were supported by US Argo via the National Ocean Partnership Program,
   including NOAA Grants NA17RJ1231 (SIO-JIMO), NA17RJ1232 (UW-JISAO), and
   NA17RJ1223 (WHOI-CICOR). The statements, findings, conclusions, and
   recommendations herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily
   reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
   or the Department of Commerce, and the mention of commercial products
   herein does not constitute endorsement by these entities. Graphics in
   the Global Marine Atlas are produced using Ferret software, a product of
   NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. PMEL contribution Number
   3244.
NR 20
TC 132
Z9 135
U1 1
U2 29
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
SI SI
BP 34
EP 43
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2009.36
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200010
ER

PT J
AU Chassignet, EP
   Hurlburt, HE
   Metzger, EJ
   Smedstad, OM
   Cummings, JA
   Halliwell, GR
   Bleck, R
   Baraille, R
   Wallcraft, AJ
   Lozano, C
   Tolman, HL
   Srinivasan, A
   Hankin, S
   Cornillon, P
   Weisberg, R
   Barth, A
   He, R
   Werner, F
   Wilkin, J
AF Chassignet, Eric P.
   Hurlburt, Harley E.
   Metzger, E. Joseph
   Smedstad, Ole Martin
   Cummings, James A.
   Halliwell, George R.
   Bleck, Rainer
   Baraille, Remy
   Wallcraft, Alan J.
   Lozano, Carlos
   Tolman, Hendrik L.
   Srinivasan, Ashwanth
   Hankin, Steve
   Cornillon, Peter
   Weisberg, Robert
   Barth, Alexander
   He, Ruoying
   Werner, Francisco
   Wilkin, John
TI US GODAE Global Ocean Prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model
   (HYCOM)
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; VERTICAL COORDINATE; DATA ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM;
   1/10-DEGREES; SIMULATION; SURFACE; IMPACT
AB During the past five to ten years, a broad partnership of institutions under NOPP sponsorship has collaborated in developing and demonstrating the performance and application of eddy-resolving, real-time global- and basin-scale ocean prediction systems using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). The partnership represents a broad spectrum of the oceanographic community, bringing together academia, federal agencies, and industry/commercial entities, and spanning modeling, data assimilation, data management and serving, observational capabilities, and application of HYCOM prediction system outputs. In addition to providing real-time, eddy-resolving global- and basin-scale ocean prediction systems for the US Navy and NOAA, this project also offered an outstanding opportunity for NOAA-Navy collaboration and cooperation, ranging from research to the operational level. This paper provides an overview of the global HYCOM ocean prediction system and highlights some of its achievements. An important outcome of this effort is the capability of the global system to provide boundary conditions to even higher-resolution regional and coastal models.
C1 [Chassignet, Eric P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Smedstad, Ole Martin] QinetiQ N Amer Technol Solut Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA.
   [Metzger, E. Joseph; Cummings, James A.; Wallcraft, Alan J.] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA.
   [Halliwell, George R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Bleck, Rainer] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
   [Bleck, Rainer] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Baraille, Remy] Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, Toulouse, France.
   [Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Srinivasan, Ashwanth] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Hankin, Steve] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Cornillon, Peter] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   [Weisberg, Robert] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
   [Barth, Alexander] Univ Liege, Liege, Belgium.
   [He, Ruoying] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Werner, Francisco; Wilkin, John] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
RP Chassignet, EP (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM echassignet@coaps.fsu.edu
RI Wilkin, John/E-5343-2011; Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011
OI Wilkin, John/0000-0002-5444-9466; Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X
NR 24
TC 119
Z9 125
U1 2
U2 16
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
SI SI
BP 64
EP 75
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2009
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200013
ER

PT J
AU Gentemann, CL
   Minnett, PJ
   Sienkiewicz, J
   DeMaria, M
   Cummings, J
   Jin, Y
   Doyle, JD
   Gramer, L
   Barron, CN
   Casey, KS
   Donlon, CJ
AF Gentemann, Chelle L.
   Minnett, Peter J.
   Sienkiewicz, Joseph
   DeMaria, Mark
   Cummings, James
   Jin, Yi
   Doyle, James D.
   Gramer, Lew
   Barron, Charlie N.
   Casey, Kenneth S.
   Donlon, Craig J.
TI MISST THE MULTI-SENSOR IMPROVED SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE PROJECT
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID COOL-SKIN
AB Sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are vital to global weather prediction, climate change studies, fisheries management, and a wide range of other applications. Measurements are taken by several satellites carrying infrared and microwave radiometers, moored buoys, drifting buoys, and ships. Collecting all these measurements together and producing global maps of SST has been a difficult endeavor due in part to different data formats, data location and accessibility, and lack of measurement error estimates. The need for a uniform approach to SST measurements and estimation of measurement errors resulted in the formation of the international Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) High Resolution SST Pilot Project (GHRSST-PP). Projects were developed in Japan, Europe, and Australia. Simultaneously, in the United States, the Multi-sensor Improved SST (MISST) project was initiated. Five years later, the MISST project has produced satellite SST data from nine satellites in an identical format with ancillary information and estimates of measurement error. Use of these data in global SST analyses has been improved through research into modeling of the ocean surface skin layer and upper ocean diurnal heaing. These data and research results have been used by several groups within MISST to produce high-resolution global maps of SSTs, which have been shown to improve tropical cyclone prediction. Additionally, the new SSTs are now used operationally for marine weather warnings and forecasts.
C1 [Gentemann, Chelle L.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
   [Minnett, Peter J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Sienkiewicz, Joseph] NOAA, Ocean Predict Ctr, Ocean Applicat Branch, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [DeMaria, Mark] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   [Cummings, James] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA.
   [Jin, Yi; Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA.
   [Gramer, Lew] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
   [Barron, Charlie N.] USN, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA.
   [Casey, Kenneth S.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   [Donlon, Craig J.] Int Global High Resolut Sea Surface Temp Project, Exeter, Devon, England.
RP Gentemann, CL (reprint author), Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
EM gentemann@remss.com
RI Gramer, Lewis/A-5620-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Casey,
   Kenneth/D-4065-2013; Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008
OI Gramer, Lewis/0000-0003-4772-1991; Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117; 
NR 29
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
BP 76
EP 87
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200014
ER

PT J
AU Cornillon, P
   Adams, J
   Blumenthal, MB
   Chassignet, E
   Davis, E
   Hankin, S
   Kinter, J
   Mendelssohn, R
   Potemra, JT
   Srinivasan, A
   Sirott, J
AF Cornillon, Peter
   Adams, Jennifer
   Blumenthal, M. Benno
   Chassignet, Eric
   Davis, Ethan
   Hankin, Steve
   Kinter, James
   Mendelssohn, Roy
   Potemra, James T.
   Srinivasan, Ashwanth
   Sirott, Joseph
TI NVODS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPeNDAP
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
AB The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) funded a project to develop the foundation for a National Virtual Ocean Data System (NVODS) that has resulted in a robust data access framework for the exchange of oceanographic data (the Open source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol, or OPeNDAP) and a broad community of ocean data providers that remains vigorous and growing five years after NOPP funding ended. The project produced a number of "lessons learned" related to the design and implementation of distributed data systems that can inform other related efforts. These lessons are presented along with a brief overview of OPeNDAP and summaries of a number of projects that depend on OPeNDAP for data distribution.
C1 [Cornillon, Peter] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   [Adams, Jennifer; Kinter, James] IGES, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA.
   [Blumenthal, M. Benno] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA.
   [Chassignet, Eric] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Davis, Ethan] Univ Corporat Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Hankin, Steve; Sirott, Joseph] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Mendelssohn, Roy] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA.
   [Kinter, James] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Srinivasan, Ashwanth] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Cornillon, P (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM pcornillon@gso.uri.edu
RI Kinter, James/A-8610-2015
OI Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559
NR 3
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 3
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
SI SI
BP 116
EP 127
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2009.43
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200017
ER

PT J
AU Scholin, C
   Doucette, G
   Jensen, S
   Roman, B
   Pargett, D
   Marin, R
   Preston, C
   Jones, W
   Feldman, J
   Everlove, C
   Harris, A
   Alvarado, N
   Massion, E
   Birch, J
   Greenfield, D
   Vrijenhoek, R
   Mikulski, C
   Jones, K
AF Scholin, Christopher
   Doucette, Gregory
   Jensen, Scott
   Roman, Brent
   Pargett, Douglas
   Marin, Roman, III
   Preston, Christina
   Jones, William
   Feldman, Jason
   Everlove, Cheri
   Harris, Adeline
   Alvarado, Nilo
   Massion, Eugene
   Birch, James
   Greenfield, Dianne
   Vrijenhoek, Robert
   Mikulski, Christina
   Jones, Kelly
TI REMOTE DETECTION OF MARINE MICROBES, SMALL INVERTEBRATES, HARMFUL ALGAE,
   AND BIOTOXINS USING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLE PROCESSOR (ESP)
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID DOMOIC ACID; MONTEREY BAY; CALIFORNIA; PROBES; LARVAE
AB The advent of ocean observatories is creating unique opportunities for deploying novel sensor systems. We are exploring that potential through the development and application-of the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP). ESP is an electromechanical/fluidic system designed to collect discrete water samples, concentrate microorganisms, and automate application of molecular probe technologies. Development and application of ESP grew from extensive partnerships galvanized by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. Near-real-time observations are currently achieved using low-density DNA probe and protein arrays. Filter-based sandwich hybridization methodology enables direct detection of ribosomal RNA sequences diagnostic for groups of bacteria and archaea, as well as a variety of invertebrates and harmful algal species. An antibody-based technique is used for detecting domoic acid, an algal biotoxin. To date, ESP has been deployed in ocean waters from the near surface to 1000 m. Shallow-water deployments demonstrated application of all four types of assays in single deployments lasting up to 30 days and provided the first remote detection of such phylogenetically diverse organisms and metabolites on one platform. Deep-water applications focused on detection of invertebrates associated with whale falls, using remotely operated vehicle-based operations lasting several days. Current work emphasizes incorporating a four-channel, real-time polymerase chain reaction module, extending operations to 4000-m water depth, and increasing deployment duration.
C1 [Scholin, Christopher; Jensen, Scott; Roman, Brent; Pargett, Douglas; Marin, Roman, III; Preston, Christina; Everlove, Cheri; Alvarado, Nilo; Birch, James; Vrijenhoek, Robert] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
   [Doucette, Gregory] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA.
   [Jones, William] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Genom Core Facil, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   [Greenfield, Dianne] Univ S Carolina, Belle Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Scholin, C (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
EM scholin@mbari.org
NR 34
TC 62
Z9 67
U1 7
U2 30
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
BP 158
EP 167
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200020
ER

PT J
AU Dickey, T
   Bates, N
   Byrne, RH
   Chang, G
   Chavez, FP
   Feely, RA
   Hanson, AK
   Karl, DM
   Manov, D
   Moore, C
   Sabine, CL
   Wanninkhof, R
AF Dickey, Tommy
   Bates, Nick
   Byrne, Robert H.
   Chang, Grace
   Chavez, Francisco P.
   Feely, Richard A.
   Hanson, Alfred K.
   Karl, David M.
   Manov, Derek
   Moore, Casey
   Sabine, Christopher L.
   Wanninkhof, Rik
TI THE NOPP O-SCOPE AND MOSEAN PROJECTS ADVANCED SENSING FOR OCEAN
   OBSERVING SYSTEMS
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID TESTBED MOORING SITE; TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON; IN-SITU; HIGH-RESOLUTION;
   VARIABILITY; SENSORS; SEAWATER; NITRATE; WATERS; BUOY
AB The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) consecutively sponsored the Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (O-SCOPE) and Multi-disciplinary Ocean Sensors for Environmental Analyses and Networks (MOSEAN) projects from 1998 through 2008. The O-SCOPE and MOSEAN projects focused on developing and testing new sensors and systems for autonomous, concurrent measurements of biological, chemical, optical, and physical variables from a diverse suite of stationary and mobile ocean platforms. Design considerations encompassed extended open-ocean and coastal deployments, instrument durability, biofouling mitigation, data accuracy and precision, near-real-time data telemetry, and economy-the latter being critical for widespread sensor and system utilization. The complementary O-SCOPE and MOSEAN projects increased ocean sensing and data telemetry capabilities for addressing many societally relevant problems such as global climate change, ocean carbon cycling and sequestration, acidification, eutrophication, anoxia, and ecosystem dynamics, including harmful algal blooms. NOPP support enabled O-SCOPE and MOSEAN to accelerate progress in achieving multiscale, multidisciplinary, sustained observations of the ocean environment. Importantly, both programs produced value-added scientific results, which demonstrated the utility of these new technologies. The NOPP framework fostered strong collaborations among academic, commercial, and government entities, and facilitated technology transfers to the general research community and to long-term observational and observatory programs.
C1 [Dickey, Tommy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Ocean Phys Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Bates, Nick] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda.
   [Byrne, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
   [Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
   [Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Carbon Grp, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Hanson, Alfred K.] SubChem Syst Inc, Narragansett, RI USA.
   [Karl, David M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Moore, Casey] WET Labs Inc, Philomath, OR USA.
   [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Dickey, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Ocean Phys Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM tommy.dickey@opl.ucsb.edu
NR 53
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 15
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
SI SI
BP 168
EP 181
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2009.47
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200021
ER

PT J
AU Chang, PS
   Jelenak, Z
   Sienkiewicz, JM
   Knabb, R
   Brennan, MJ
   Long, DG
   Freeberg, M
AF Chang, Paul S.
   Jelenak, Zorana
   Sienkiewicz, Joseph M.
   Knabb, Richard
   Brennan, Michael J.
   Long, David G.
   Freeberg, Mark
TI Operational Use and Impact of Satellite Remotely Sensed Ocean Surface
   Vector Winds in the Marine Warning and Forecasting Environment
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESOLUTION
AB In 2002, a National Oceanographic Partnership Program project was initiated with the ambitious objective of maximizing the use of currently and soon-to-be-available satellite ocean surface vector wind (OSVW) data, such as NASAs QuikSCAT scatterometer, in the operational weather forecasting and warning environment. This effort brought together people from the operational forecasting and satellite remote-sensing communities, academia, and the private sector. This diverse gathering of skill and experience yielded documentation of the impacts of these data in the operational short-term warning and forecasting environment of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Weather Service, improvement in the use of these data in the public and private sectors, and the transition of promising research results into the operational environment. This project helped create momentum that has continued to grow long after the formal effort ended; today, NOAA uses QuikSCAT operationally and is investigating how to best establish a sustained satellite OSVW observing capability.
C1 [Chang, Paul S.; Jelenak, Zorana] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Sienkiewicz, Joseph M.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Ocean Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Knabb, Richard] NOAA, NWS, Honolulu Weather Forecast Off, Honolulu, HI USA.
   [Brennan, Michael J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
   [Long, David G.] Brigham Young Univ, BYU Ctr Remote Sensing, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
   [Long, David G.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
   [Freeberg, Mark] Oceans & Coastal Environm Sensing Inc, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Chang, PS (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
EM paul.s.chang@noaa.gov
RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Long,
   David/K-4908-2015
OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938;
   Long, David/0000-0002-1852-3972
NR 28
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
BP 194
EP 207
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200023
ER

PT J
AU Decker, CJ
   Reed, C
AF Decker, Cynthia J.
   Reed, Colin
TI The National Oceanographic Partnership Program A Decade of impacts on
   Oceanography
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN; BEHAVIOR; PREDATOR; MODEL; POPULATION; SYSTEM
AB The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) was created by the Fiscal Year 1997 Defense Authorization Act. It called for the establishment of a partnership program to promote the national goals of assuring national security, advancing economic development, protecting quality of life, and strengthening science education and communication through improved knowledge of the ocean. Fifteen US federal agencies comprise this partnership, which has expended more than $295M over ten years on a variety of activities. NOPP has been a true partnership among equals that has substantially moved the United States forward in the areas of ocean research, operations, technology, education, and natural resource management. NOPPs funding requirements have spurred the ocean research and education communities to develop strong, long-term collaborations among different sectors-academia, government, industry, and nongovernmental organizations. NOPP has allowed agencies to leverage their funds, increasing the impact of individual agency investment and accelerating the agencies' abilities to meet their high-priority goals. This leveraged investment results in more high-priority tasks getting done in the same time period than would occur if each agency were to fund the work individually. The combination of enhanced, effective partnerships among both funders and performers has resulted in accelerated research in some areas and a stronger voice for oceanography in the research and education Communities. This article provides a history of NOPP. It also identifies and discusses specific areas in which NOPP involvement and/or influence has led to significant accomplishment, both through funded research and through intellectual stimulation and inspiration.
C1 [Decker, Cynthia J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Sci Advisory Board, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   [Reed, Colin] Consortium Ocean Leadership, Natl Oceanog Partnership Program Off, Washington, DC USA.
RP Decker, CJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Sci Advisory Board, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM cynthia.decker@nooo.gov
NR 52
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
SI SI
BP 208
EP 227
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200024
ER

PT J
AU Parker, BA
   Christensen, TRL
   Heron, SF
   Morgan, JA
   Eakin, CM
AF Parker, Britt-Anne
   Christensen, Tyler R. L.
   Heron, Scott F.
   Morgan, Jessica A.
   Eakin, C. Mark
TI A Classroom Activity Using Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures to Predict
   Coral Bleaching
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; REEFS; STRESS
C1 [Parker, Britt-Anne; Christensen, Tyler R. L.; Morgan, Jessica A.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
RP Parker, BA (reprint author), NOAA Coral Reef Watch, IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM britt.parker@noaa.gov
RI Parker, Britt/E-7925-2011; Morgan, Jessica/E-7926-2011; Christensen,
   Tyler/E-7922-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 2
BP 252
EP 257
PG 6
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 457WC
UT WOS:000266964200028
ER

PT J
AU Gao, GJ
   Lehan, JP
   Zhang, WW
   Griesmann, U
   Soons, JA
AF Gao, Guangjun
   Lehan, John P.
   Zhang, William W.
   Griesmann, Ulf
   Soons, Johannes A.
TI Computer-generated hologram cavity interferometry test for large x-ray
   mirror mandrels: design
SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE computer-generated hologram; mandrel; x-ray optics; optical testing;
   interferometry
ID OBLIQUE-INCIDENCE INTERFEROMETER; NON-OPTICAL SURFACES
AB A glancing-incidence interferometric test for large x-ray mirror mandrels, using two computer-generated holograms (CGHs), is described. The two CGHs are used to form a double-pass glancing-incidence system. One layout of the CGH-cavity glancing-incidence interferometer is studied and factors relating to its design are analyzed. A semianalytical expression for the phase function is derived that avoids high-order ripple errors and improves the efficiency of the CGH pattern generation. A system of coarse and fine fiducials for establishing the CGH-cavity and aligning the tested mandrel is discussed. Compared with traditional measurement devices, such as coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) or other scanning metrology systems, the CGH-cavity glancing-incidence interferometer can measure a mandrel surface without mechanical contact, at a high spatial sampling frequency, with lower uncertainty, and at high speed. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3153303]
C1 [Gao, Guangjun; Griesmann, Ulf; Soons, Johannes A.] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Lehan, John P.; Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
   [Lehan, John P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Gao, GJ (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Guangjun.gao@nist.gov
FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
FX The authors would like to thank the Innovative Partnership Program at
   NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for supporting a portion of this work.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 0091-3286
J9 OPT ENG
JI Opt. Eng.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 48
IS 6
AR 063602
DI 10.1117/1.3153303
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 477AE
UT WOS:000268487500007
ER

PT J
AU Sandberg, RL
   Raymondson, DA
   La-o-Vorakiat, C
   Paul, A
   Raines, KS
   Miao, J
   Murnane, MM
   Kapteyn, HC
   Schlotter, WF
AF Sandberg, R. L.
   Raymondson, D. A.
   La-o-Vorakiat, C.
   Paul, A.
   Raines, K. S.
   Miao, J.
   Murnane, M. M.
   Kapteyn, H. C.
   Schlotter, W. F.
TI Tabletop soft-x-ray Fourier transform holography with 50 nm resolution
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; COHERENT; WAVELENGTHS; LIGHT
AB We present what we believe to be the first implementation of Fourier transform (FT) holography using a tabletop coherent x-ray source. By applying curvature correction to compensate for the large angles inherent in high-NA coherent imaging, we achieve image resolution of 89 nm using high-harmonic beams at a wavelength of 29 nm. Moreover, by combining holography with iterative phase retrieval, we improve the image resolution to <53 nm. We also demonstrate that FT holography can be used effectively with short exposure times of 30 s. This technique will enable biological and materials microscopy with simultaneously high spatial and temporal resolution on a tabletop soft-x-ray source. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
C1 [Sandberg, R. L.; Raymondson, D. A.; La-o-Vorakiat, C.; Paul, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Sandberg, R. L.; Raymondson, D. A.; La-o-Vorakiat, C.; Paul, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Sandberg, R. L.; Raymondson, D. A.; La-o-Vorakiat, C.; Paul, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Raines, K. S.; Miao, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Raines, K. S.; Miao, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Schlotter, W. F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA.
   [Schlotter, W. F.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
RP Sandberg, RL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM richard.sondberg@colorado.edu
RI Sandberg, Richard/F-8790-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
FU National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Department of Energy Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES)
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science
   Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences (DOE-BES). We thank Y. Liu and F. Salmassi for the
   multilayer mirrors, and we thank the JILA Instrument Shop.
NR 21
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 1
U2 10
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD JUN 1
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 11
BP 1618
EP 1620
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 463AR
UT WOS:000267401200002
PM 19488126
ER

PT J
AU Malkova, N
   Hromada, I
   Wang, XS
   Bryant, G
   Chen, ZG
AF Malkova, Natalia
   Hromada, Ivan
   Wang, Xiaosheng
   Bryant, Garnett
   Chen, Zhigang
TI Observation of optical Shockley-like surface states in photonic
   superlattices
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; SOLITONS
AB We provide what we believe to be the first experimental demonstration of linear Shockley-like surface states in an optically induced semi-infinite photonic superlattice. Such surface states appear only when the induced superlattice consisting of alternating strong and weak bonds is terminated properly at the surface. Our experimental results are in good agreement with our theoretical analysis. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
C1 [Malkova, Natalia; Hromada, Ivan; Wang, Xiaosheng; Chen, Zhigang] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
   [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chen, Zhigang] Nankai Univ, TEDA Appl Phys Sch, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China.
RP Chen, ZG (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
EM zhigang@sfsu.edu
RI Chen, Zhigang/B-2112-2010
FU National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific
   Research (AFOSR); 973 Program
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the
   U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), and the 973
   Program.
NR 18
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 2
U2 8
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD JUN 1
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 11
BP 1633
EP 1635
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 463AR
UT WOS:000267401200007
PM 19488131
ER

PT J
AU Biercuk, MJ
   Uys, H
   VanDevender, AP
   Shiga, N
   Itano, WM
   Bollinger, JJ
AF Biercuk, Michael J.
   Uys, Hermann
   VanDevender, Aaron P.
   Shiga, Nobuyasu
   Itano, Wayne M.
   Bollinger, John J.
TI Experimental Uhrig dynamical decoupling using trapped ions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE beryllium; information theory; noise; particle traps; quantum computing
ID QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; PLASMAS; DECOHERENCE; ROTATION
AB We present a detailed experimental study of the Uhrig dynamical decoupling (UDD) sequence in a variety of noise environments. Our qubit system consists of a crystalline array of (9)Be(+) ions confined in a Penning trap. We use an electron-spin-flip transition as our qubit manifold and drive qubit rotations using a 124 GHz microwave system. We study the effect of the UDD sequence in mitigating phase errors and compare against the well known Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill-style multipulse spin echo as a function of pulse number, rotation axis, noise spectrum, and noise strength. Our results agree well with theoretical predictions for qubit decoherence in the presence of classical phase noise, accounting for the effect of finite-duration pi pulses. Finally, we demonstrate that the Uhrig sequence is more robust against systematic over- or under-rotation and detuning errors than is multipulse spin echo, despite the precise prescription for pulse timing in UDD.
C1 [Biercuk, Michael J.; Uys, Hermann; VanDevender, Aaron P.; Shiga, Nobuyasu; Itano, Wayne M.; Bollinger, John J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Biercuk, Michael J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Uys, Hermann] CSIR, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa.
RP Biercuk, MJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM biercuk@boulder.nist.gov
RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010
FU IARPA; NIST; Georgia Tech; CSIR
FX The authors thank L. Cywinski, S. Das Sarma, V. V. Dobrovitski, X. Hu,
   E. Knill, S. Lyon, G. Uhrig, and W. Witzel for useful discussions. We
   also thank Y. Colombe, D. Hanneke, and D. J. Wineland for their comments
   on the paper. We acknowledge research funding from IARPA and NIST
   Quantum Information Program. M. J. B. acknowledges support from IARPA
   and Georgia Tech and H. U. acknowledges support from CSIR.
NR 33
TC 72
Z9 72
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 6
AR 062324
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.062324
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 466XZ
UT WOS:000267700100062
ER

PT J
AU Lin, YJ
   Perry, AR
   Compton, RL
   Spielman, IB
   Porto, JV
AF Lin, Y. -J.
   Perry, A. R.
   Compton, R. L.
   Spielman, I. B.
   Porto, J. V.
TI Rapid production of Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensates in a combined
   magnetic and optical potential
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE atom-photon collisions; Bose-Einstein condensation; magneto-optical
   effects; radiation pressure; rubidium
ID ATOMIC-BEAM; NEUTRAL ATOMS; SODIUM ATOMS; TRAP; CANDLESTICK; GAS
AB We describe an apparatus for quickly and simply producing Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensates. It is based on a magnetic quadrupole trap and a red-detuned optical dipole trap. We collect atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and then capture the atoms in a magnetic quadrupole trap and force rf evaporation. We then transfer the resulting cold dense cloud into a spatially mode-matched optical dipole trap by lowering the quadrupole field gradient to below gravity. This technique combines the efficient capture of atoms from a MOT into a magnetic trap with the rapid evaporation of optical dipole traps; the approach is insensitive to the peak quadrupole gradient and the precise trapping beam waist. Our system reliably produces a condensate with N approximate to 2x10(6) atoms every 16 s.
C1 [Lin, Y. -J.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lin, YJ (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ian.spielman@nist.gov; trey@nist.gov
RI Perry, Abigail/C-6994-2011; Lin, Yu-Ju/F-7917-2012
FU ONR; ODNI; ARO; DARPA OLE program; NSF; NIST/NRC
FX This work was partially supported by ONR, ODNI, ARO with funds from the
   DARPA OLE program, and the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center.
   R. L. C. acknowledges supports from NIST/NRC.
NR 26
TC 93
Z9 93
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 6
AR 063631
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.063631
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 466XZ
UT WOS:000267700100147
ER

PT J
AU Spielman, IB
AF Spielman, I. B.
TI Raman processes and effective gauge potentials
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE atom-photon collisions; ground states; rubidium; vortices; Zeeman effect
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS;
   QUANTUM
AB A technique is described by which light-induced gauge potentials allow systems of ultracold neutral atoms to behave like charged particles in a magnetic field. Here, atoms move in a uniform laser field with a spatially varying Zeeman shift and experience an effective magnetic field. This technique is applicable for atoms with two or more internal ground states. Finally, an explicit model of the system using a single-mode two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation yields the expected vortex lattice.
C1 [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU ONR; OLE program of DARPA; NSF
FX I am deeply appreciative of conversations with V. Galitski, Y.-J. Lin,
   W. D. Phillips, J.V. Porto, J.Y. Vaishnav, C. A. R. Sa de Melo, and I.
   I. Satija, and acknowledge the financial support of ONR, OLE program of
   DARPA, and the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center.
NR 25
TC 116
Z9 117
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 6
AR 063613
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.063613
PG 7
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 466XZ
UT WOS:000267700100129
ER

PT J
AU Gehring, PM
   Hiraka, H
   Stock, C
   Lee, SH
   Chen, W
   Ye, ZG
   Vakhrushev, SB
   Chowdhuri, Z
AF Gehring, P. M.
   Hiraka, H.
   Stock, C.
   Lee, S. -H.
   Chen, W.
   Ye, Z. -G.
   Vakhrushev, S. B.
   Chowdhuri, Z.
TI Reassessment of the Burns temperature and its relationship to the
   diffuse scattering, lattice dynamics, and thermal expansion in relaxor
   Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE lattice constants; lead compounds; magnesium compounds; neutron
   diffraction; phonons; relaxor ferroelectrics; thermal expansion
ID GLASSY POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING;
   FERROELECTRIC PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LEAD MAGNONIOBATE;
   SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; SOFT MODE; PMN
AB We have used neutron scattering techniques that probe time scales from 10(-12) to 10(-9) s to characterize the diffuse scattering and low-energy lattice dynamics in single crystals of the relaxor PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) from 10 to 900 K. Our study extends far below T-c=213 K, where long-range ferroelectric correlations have been reported under field-cooled conditions, and well above the nominal Burns temperature T-d approximate to 620 K, where optical measurements suggest the development of short-range polar correlations known as "polar nanoregions" (PNR). We observed two distinct types of diffuse scattering. The first is weak, relatively temperature independent, persists to at least 900 K, and forms bow-tie-shaped patterns in reciprocal space centered on (h00) Bragg peaks. We associate this primarily with chemical short-range order. The second is strong, temperature dependent, and forms butterfly-shaped patterns centered on (h00) Bragg peaks. This diffuse scattering has been attributed to the PNR because it responds to an electric field and vanishes near T-d approximate to 620 K when measured with thermal neutrons. Surprisingly, it vanishes at 420 K when measured with cold neutrons, which provide approximately four times superior energy resolution. That this onset temperature depends so strongly on the instrumental energy resolution indicates that the diffuse scattering has a quasielastic character and demands a reassessment of the Burns temperature T-d. Neutron backscattering measurements made with 300 times better energy resolution confirm the onset temperature of 420 +/- 20 K. The energy width of the diffuse scattering is resolution limited, indicating that the PNR are static on time scales of at least 2 ns between 420 and 10 K. Transverse acoustic (TA) phonon lifetimes, which are known to decrease dramatically for wave vectors q approximate to 0.2 A degrees(-1) and T-c < T < T-d, are temperature independent up to 900 K for q close to the zone center. This motivates a physical picture in which sufficiently long-wavelength TA phonons average over the PNR; only those TA phonons having wavelengths comparable to the size of the PNR are affected. Finally, the PMN lattice constant changes by less than 0.001 A degrees below 300 K but expands rapidly at a rate of 2.5x10(-5) K-1 at high temperature. These disparate regimes of low and high thermal expansions bracket the revised value of T-d, which suggests the anomalous thermal expansion results from the condensation of static PNR.
C1 [Gehring, P. M.; Lee, S. -H.; Chowdhuri, Z.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Hiraka, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Hiraka, H.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
   [Stock, C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
   [Chen, W.; Ye, Z. -G.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
   [Vakhrushev, S. B.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
RP Gehring, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Vakhrushev, Sergey/A-9855-2011; 
OI Vakhrushev, Sergey/0000-0003-4867-1404; Gehring,
   Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046
NR 87
TC 68
Z9 69
U1 3
U2 34
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 22
AR 224109
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.224109
PG 14
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 466XS
UT WOS:000267699300034
ER

PT J
AU Leighton, C
   Stauffer, DD
   Huang, Q
   Ren, Y
   El-Khatib, S
   Torija, MA
   Wu, J
   Lynn, JW
   Wang, L
   Frey, NA
   Srikanth, H
   Davies, JE
   Liu, K
   Mitchell, JF
AF Leighton, C.
   Stauffer, D. D.
   Huang, Q.
   Ren, Y.
   El-Khatib, S.
   Torija, M. A.
   Wu, J.
   Lynn, J. W.
   Wang, L.
   Frey, N. A.
   Srikanth, H.
   Davies, J. E.
   Liu, Kai
   Mitchell, J. F.
TI Coupled structural/magnetocrystalline anisotropy transitions in the
   doped perovskite cobaltite Pr1-xSrxCoO3
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE antiferromagnetic materials; doping profiles; magnetic anisotropy;
   magnetic transitions; magnetisation; praseodymium compounds; solid-state
   phase transformations; spin systems; strontium compounds
ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SPIN DYNAMICS; MANGANITES; TRANSPORT;
   MULTIFERROICS; FERROELECTRICITY; CRYSTAL; PR; ND; LN
AB Years of intensive work on perovskite manganites has led to a detailed understanding of the phenomena that emerge from competition between the electronic and lattice degrees of freedom in these correlated electron systems. It is well understood that the related cobaltites provide an additional spin-state degree of freedom. Here, we use the magnetic properties of a particular cobaltite, Pr1-xSrxCoO3, to demonstrate the vital role played by a further ingredient often negligible in manganites; magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Pr1-xSrxCoO3 exhibits an anomalous "double magnetic transition" that cannot be ascribed to a spin-state transition or the usual charge/orbital/antiferromagnetic ordering and has thus far evaded explanation. We show that this is actually due to a coupled structural/magnetocrystalline anisotropy transition driven, in this case, by Pr-O hybridization. The results point to the existence of a distinct class of phenomena in the cobaltites due to the unique interplay between structure and magnetic anisotropy.
C1 [Leighton, C.; Stauffer, D. D.; El-Khatib, S.; Torija, M. A.; Wu, J.; Wang, L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
   [Huang, Q.; El-Khatib, S.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Frey, N. A.; Srikanth, H.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
   [Davies, J. E.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM leighton@umn.edu
RI Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Wang, Lan/B-6990-2011;
   
OI Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Wang,
   Lan/0000-0001-7124-2718; Wu, Jianzhong/0000-0002-4582-5941
NR 44
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 21
AR 214420
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.214420
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 466XR
UT WOS:000267699200081
ER

PT J
AU Swainson, IP
   Stock, C
   Gehring, PM
   Xu, GY
   Hirota, K
   Qiu, Y
   Luo, H
   Zhao, X
   Li, JF
   Viehland, D
AF Swainson, I. P.
   Stock, C.
   Gehring, P. M.
   Xu, Guangyong
   Hirota, K.
   Qiu, Y.
   Luo, H.
   Zhao, X.
   Li, J. -F.
   Viehland, D.
TI Soft phonon columns on the edge of the Brillouin zone in the relaxor
   PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; X-RAY-SCATTERING;
   LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FERROELECTRIC
   PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE; PMN; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3
AB We report lattice-dynamical measurements, made using neutron inelastic-scattering methods, of the relaxor perovskite PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) at momentum transfers near the edge of the Brillouin zone. Unusual "columns" of phonon scattering that are localized in momentum, but extended in energy, are seen at both high-symmetry points along the zone edge: (Q) over right arrowR= {1/2,1/2,1/2} and (Q) over right arrowM={1/2,1/2,0}. These columns soften at similar to 400 K which is similar to the onset temperature of the zone-center diffuse scattering, indicating a competition between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric distortions. We propose a model for the atomic displacements associated with these phonon modes that is based on a combination of structure factors and group theoretical analysis. This analysis suggests that the scattering is not from tilt modes (rotational modes of oxygen octahedra), but from zone-boundary optic modes that are associated with the displacement of Pb2+ and O2- ions. Whereas similar columns of scattering have been reported in metallic and (less commonly) molecular systems, they are unusual in insulating materials, particularly in ferroelectrics; therefore, the physical origin of this inelastic feature in PMN is unknown. We speculate that the underlying disorder contributes to this unique anomaly.
C1 [Swainson, I. P.] CNR, Chalk River, ON KOJ 1JO, Canada.
   [Stock, C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
   [Gehring, P. M.; Qiu, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Hirota, K.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
   [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Luo, H.; Zhao, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China.
   [Li, J. -F.; Viehland, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Swainson, IP (reprint author), CNR, Chalk River, ON KOJ 1JO, Canada.
RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Zhao, Xiangyong/A-1743-2013; 
OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046
FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); U.S.
   National Science Foundation [DMR-0306940, DMR-9986442]; U.S. DOE
   [DE-AC0298CH10886]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-99-1-0738];
   National Science Foundation [DMR-045467]; National Research Council
   (NRC) of Canada
FX We thank R. Cowley, M. Gutmann, and J. Lynn for helpful discussions and
   B. Clow, T. Dodd, L. McEwan, R. Sammon, M. Watson, and T. Whan for
   technical support during experiments. We acknowledge financial support
   from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
   (NSERC), the U.S. National Science Foundation through Contract No.
   DMR-0306940 and No. DMR-9986442, the U.S. DOE under Contract No.
   DE-AC0298CH10886, and the Office of Naval Research under Grant No.
   N00014-99-1-0738. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the
   National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-045467. Part of this
   work was also funded under the Graduate Supplement Scholarship program
   from the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada.
NR 95
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 22
AR 224301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.224301
PG 14
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 466XS
UT WOS:000267699300049
ER

PT J
AU Phelps, AV
AF Phelps, A. V.
TI Energetic ion, atom, and molecule reactions and excitation in
   low-current H-2 discharges: Model
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Review
ID BALMER-ALPHA-EMISSION; HYDROGEN GLOW-DISCHARGE; DIFFERENTIAL
   CROSS-SECTIONS; HIGH-ELECTRIC-FIELD; GAS-DENSITY RATIOS; LOW-PRESSURE;
   CHARGE-EXCHANGE; LYMAN-ALPHA; COLLISIONAL DEACTIVATION;
   VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION
AB Models of the elastic, inelastic, and reactive collisions of energetic hydrogen ions, atoms, and molecules are developed for predicting H-alpha and H-2 near-uv emission, H-alpha Doppler profiles, and ion energy distributions for low-pressure, low-current discharges in H2. The model is applied to spatially uniform electric field E to gas density N ratios of 350 Td <= E/N <= 45 kTd and 8 x 10(19) <= Nd <= 10 x 10(21) m(-2), where d is the electrode separation and 1 Td = 10(-21) V m(2). Mean ion energies at the cathode are 5-1500 eV. Cross sections for H+, H-2(+), H-3(+), H, H-2, and excited H(n = 3) collisions with H-2 and reflection probabilities from electrodes are updated and summarized. Spatial and energy distributions of ions and fast neutrals are calculated using a "multibeam" technique. At the lower E/N and Nd, electron excitation of H-alpha dominates near the anode. Excitation of H-alpha by fast H atoms near the cathode increases rapidly with pressure through a multistep reaction sequence. At higher E/N, fast H atoms produced at the cathode surface excite much of the H-alpha. The model agrees with experimental spatial distributions of H-alpha emission and Doppler profiles. Ion energy distributions agree with experiments only for H-2(+). Cross sections are derived for excitation of the near-uv continuum of H-2 by H atoms.
C1 [Phelps, A. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Phelps, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Phelps, AV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 133
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 6
AR 066401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.79.066401
PN 2
PG 19
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 466XP
UT WOS:000267698900061
PM 19658606
ER

PT J
AU Butler, J
   Montzka, S
AF Butler, J.
   Montzka, S.
TI The ozone hole: Anthropogenic sources of methyl bromide and recent data
   on atmospheric methyl bromide levels
SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathology-Society
CY AUG 01-05, 2009
CL Portland, OR
SP Amer Phytopathol Soc
C1 [Butler, J.; Montzka, S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA
SN 0031-949X
J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY
JI Phytopathology
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 99
IS 6
BP S173
EP S173
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 447SY
UT WOS:000266213301021
ER

PT J
AU Peggs, GN
   Maropoulos, PG
   Hughes, EB
   Forbes, AB
   Robson, S
   Ziebart, M
   Muralikrishnan, B
AF Peggs, G. N.
   Maropoulos, P. G.
   Hughes, E. B.
   Forbes, A. B.
   Robson, S.
   Ziebart, M.
   Muralikrishnan, B.
TI Recent developments in large-scale dimensional metrology
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF
   ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE
LA English
DT Review
DE dimensional metrology; distance measurement; measurement uncertainty
ID COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE; SURFACE MEASURING MACHINE; TRACKING
   INTERFEROMETER; CULTURAL-HERITAGE; SELF-CALIBRATION; MESH GENERATION;
   DATA REDUCTION; LASER SCANNER; RANGE IMAGES; 3D DATA
AB With ever-more demanding requirements for the accurate manufacture of large components, dimensional measuring techniques are becoming progressively more sophisticated. This review describes some of the more recently developed techniques and the state-of-the-art in the more well-known large-scale dimensional metrology methods. In some cases, the techniques are described in detail, or, where relevant specialist review papers exist, these are cited as further reading. The traceability of the measurement data collected is discussed with reference to new international standards that are emerging. In some cases, hybrid measurement techniques are finding specialized applications and these are referred to where appropriate.
C1 [Peggs, G. N.; Maropoulos, P. G.] Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
   [Hughes, E. B.; Forbes, A. B.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
   [Robson, S.; Ziebart, M.] UCL, London, England.
   [Muralikrishnan, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Peggs, GN (reprint author), Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
EM graham.peggs@btinternet.com
OI Hughes, Ben/0000-0001-5084-8198; Maropoulos, Paul/0000-0001-6525-6216
FU National Measurement System's Engineering Measurement Programme which is
   part of the UK's Department of Innovation, Universities and Skills
FX The contribution from NPL was funded by the National Measurement
   System's Engineering Measurement Programme which is part of the UK's
   Department of Innovation, Universities and Skills. The authors would
   like to thank Stephen Kyle (Senior Honorary Research Fellow in
   large-volume metrology matters at University College London) for his
   comments and suggestions.
NR 160
TC 57
Z9 67
U1 4
U2 33
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0954-4054
EI 2041-2975
J9 P I MECH ENG B-J ENG
JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B-J. Eng. Manuf.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 223
IS 6
BP 571
EP 595
DI 10.1243/09544054JEM1284
PG 25
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 464LX
UT WOS:000267507600001
ER

PT J
AU Simmonds, RW
   Allman, MS
   Altomare, F
   Cicak, K
   Osborn, KD
   Park, JA
   Sillanpaa, M
   Sirois, A
   Strong, JA
   Whittaker, JD
AF Simmonds, R. W.
   Allman, M. S.
   Altomare, F.
   Cicak, K.
   Osborn, K. D.
   Park, J. A.
   Sillanpaa, M.
   Sirois, A.
   Strong, J. A.
   Whittaker, J. D.
TI Coherent interactions between phase qubits, cavities, and TLS defects
SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Superconducting; Josephson junction; Quantum information; Quantum bits;
   Circuit qed; Cqed
ID MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM STATES; SUPERCONDUCTING QUBITS; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS;
   VITREOUS SILICA; CIRCUIT; SUPERPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We describe recent experiments developed for investigating the interactions between superconducting phase quantum bits (qubits) and resonant cavities. Two-level system (TLS) defects within the junction barrier also couple to the qubits, adding more degrees of freedom, creating a rich multi-particle system for study.
C1 [Simmonds, R. W.; Allman, M. S.; Altomare, F.; Cicak, K.; Osborn, K. D.; Park, J. A.; Sillanpaa, M.; Sirois, A.; Strong, J. A.; Whittaker, J. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Allman, M. S.; Sirois, A.; Strong, J. A.; Whittaker, J. D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Sillanpaa, M.] Helsinki Univ Technol, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland.
   [Osborn, K. D.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Simmonds, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM simmonds@boulder.nist.gov
RI Allman, Michael/E-5922-2011; Sillanpaa, Mika/A-3554-2013
FU NIST; IARPA [DNI-813268]
FX We would like to thank NIST and IARPA (grant DNI-813268) for
   continuously funding this research as well as all our collaborators and
   colleagues advancing this exciting, ever- changing field.
NR 42
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1570-0755
J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS
JI Quantum Inf. Process.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 8
IS 2-3
BP 117
EP 131
DI 10.1007/s11128-009-0095-z
PG 15
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 420CS
UT WOS:000264266600005
ER

PT J
AU Mann, JL
   Vocke, RD
   Kelly, WR
AF Mann, Jacqueline L.
   Vocke, Robert D.
   Kelly, W. Robert
TI Revised delta S-34 reference values for IAEA sulfur isotope reference
   materials S-2 and S-3 (vol 23, pg 1116, 2009)
SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Mann, Jacqueline L.; Vocke, Robert D.; Kelly, W. Robert] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mann, JL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0951-4198
J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP
JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 11
BP 1746
EP 1746
DI 10.1002/rcm.4090
PG 1
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 454ZN
UT WOS:000266724000027
ER

PT J
AU Lakhankar, T
   Ghedira, H
   Temimi, M
   Azar, AE
   Khanbilvardi, R
AF Lakhankar, Tarendra
   Ghedira, Hosni
   Temimi, Marouane
   Azar, Amir E.
   Khanbilvardi, Reza
TI Effect of Land Cover Heterogeneity on Soil Moisture Retrieval Using
   Active Microwave Remote Sensing Data
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE soil moisture; land-cover; heterogeneity; RADAR; neural network
AB This study addresses the issue of the variability and heterogeneity problems that are expected from a sensor with a larger footprint having homogenous and heterogeneous sub-pixels. Improved understanding of spatial variability of soil surface characteristics such as land cover and vegetation in larger footprint are critical in remote sensing based soil moisture retrieval. This study analyzes the sub-pixel variability (standard deviation of sub-grid pixels) of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and SAR backscatter. Back-propagation neural network was used for soil moisture retrieval from active microwave remote sensing data from Southern Great Plains of Oklahoma. The effect of land cover heterogeneity (number of different vegetation species within pixels) on soil moisture retrieval using active microwave remote sensing data was investigated. The presence of heterogeneous vegetation cover reduced the accuracy of the derived soil moisture using microwave remote sensing data. The results from this study can be used to characterize the uncertainty in soil moisture retrieval in the context of Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission which will have larger footprint.
C1 [Lakhankar, Tarendra; Temimi, Marouane; Azar, Amir E.; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr NO, New York, NY 10031 USA.
   [Ghedira, Hosni] Amer Univ Dubai, Dubai, U Arab Emirates.
RP Lakhankar, T (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr NO, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu; hghedira@aud.edu; temimi@ce.ccny.cuny.edu;
   khanbilvardi@ccny.cuny.edu
RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011
OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162]
FX This study was supported and monitored by National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant NA06OAR4810162. The views,
   opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the
   author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic
   and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or
   decision.
NR 16
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 9
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 1
IS 2
BP 80
EP 91
DI 10.3390/rs1020080
PG 12
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA V24HB
UT WOS:000208400400004
ER

PT J
AU Weiner, J
AF Weiner, J.
TI The physics of light transmission through subwavelength apertures and
   aperture arrays
SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; EVANESCENT-WAVE MODEL; HOLE ARRAYS;
   PERIODIC ARRAY; SURFACE-WAVES; DIFFRACTION; SLITS; GRATINGS; FILMS;
   LOSSES
AB The passage of light through apertures much smaller than the wavelength of the light has proved to be a surprisingly subtle phenomenon. This report describes how modern developments in nanofabrication, coherent light sources and numerical vector field simulations have led to the upending of early predictions from scalar diffraction theory and classical electrodynamics. Optical response of real materials to incident coherent radiation at petahertz frequencies leads to unexpected consequences for transmission and extinction of light through subwavelength aperture arrays. This paper is a report on progress in our understanding of this phenomenon over the past decade.
C1 [Weiner, J.] Univ Sao Paulo, CePOF, IFSC, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
RP Weiner, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM johweiner@gmail.com
RI Optica e fotonica, Inct/I-2419-2013
NR 49
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 3
U2 24
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0034-4885
J9 REP PROG PHYS
JI Rep. Prog. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 72
IS 6
AR 064401
DI 10.1088/0034-4885/72/6/064401
PG 19
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 450NK
UT WOS:000266407900001
ER

PT J
AU Chung, KH
   Shaw, GA
   Pratt, JR
AF Chung, Koo-Hyun
   Shaw, Gordon A.
   Pratt, Jon R.
TI Accurate noncontact calibration of colloidal probe sensitivities in
   atomic force microscopy
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic force microscopy; calibration; colloids; displacement
   measurement; force sensors; measurement uncertainty; thermal noise
ID SPRING CONSTANT; SURFACE FORCES; CANTILEVERS; FRICTION; METROLOGY; SI;
   STIFFNESS; STANDARD; ADHESION; CELL
AB The absolute force sensitivities of colloidal probes comprised of atomic force microscope, or AFM, cantilevers with microspheres attached to their distal ends are measured. The force sensitivities are calibrated through reference to accurate electrostatic forces, the realizations of which are described in detail. Furthermore, the absolute accuracy of a common AFM force calibration scheme, known as the thermal noise method, is evaluated. It is demonstrated that the thermal noise method can be applied with great success to colloidal probe calibration in air and in liquid to yield force measurements with relative standard uncertainties below 5%. Techniques to combine the electrostatics-based determination of the AFM force sensitivity with measurements of the colloidal probe's thermal noise spectrum to compute noncontact estimates of the displacement sensitivity and spring constant are also developed.
C1 [Chung, Koo-Hyun; Shaw, Gordon A.; Pratt, Jon R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pratt, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jon.pratt@nist.gov
RI  Chung, KooHyun/O-3042-2013
OI  Chung, KooHyun/0000-0002-9092-6784
NR 47
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 22
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 80
IS 6
AR 065107
DI 10.1063/1.3152335
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 465PZ
UT WOS:000267600600040
PM 19566226
ER

PT J
AU McIver, JW
   Erwin, R
   Chen, WC
   Gentile, TR
AF McIver, J. W.
   Erwin, R.
   Chen, W. C.
   Gentile, T. R.
TI End-compensated magnetostatic cavity for polarized He-3 neutron spin
   filters
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE neutron beams; neutron polarisation; solenoids
ID RELAXATION; GAS; HE3
AB We have expanded upon the "Magic Box" concept, a coil driven magnetic parallel plate capacitor constructed out of mu-metal, by introducing compensation sections at the ends of the box that are tuned to limit end-effects similar to those of short solenoids. This ability has reduced the length of the magic box design without sacrificing any loss in field homogeneity, making the device far more applicable to the often space limited neutron beam line. The appeal of the design beyond affording longer polarized He-3 lifetimes is that it provides a vertical guide field, which facilitates neutron spin transport for typical polarized beam experiments. We have constructed two end-compensated magic boxes of dimensions 28.4x40x15 cm(3) (lengthxwidthxheight) with measured, normalized volume-averaged transverse field gradients ranging from 3.3x10(-4) to 6.3x10(-4) cm(-1) for cell sizes ranging from 8.1x6.0 to 12.0x7.9 cm(2) (diameterxlength), respectively.
C1 [McIver, J. W.; Erwin, R.; Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chen, W. C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Chen, WC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM wcchen@nist.gov
FU U. S. Dept. of Energy (Basic Energy Sciences)
FX The authors thank Professor G. L. Jones of Hamilton College for great
   help in setting up the FID NMR measurement and J. Anderson of the NIST
   Optical Shop for assistance with cell fabrication. This work was
   supported in part by the U. S. Dept. of Energy (Basic Energy Sciences),
   in particular a portion of the relaxation measurements.
NR 14
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 80
IS 6
AR 063905
DI 10.1063/1.3154386
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 465PZ
UT WOS:000267600600027
PM 19566213
ER

PT J
AU Berntson, EA
   Moran, P
AF Berntson, Ewann A.
   Moran, Paul
TI The utility and limitations of genetic data for stock identification and
   management of North Pacific rockfish (Sebastes spp.)
SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Rockfish; Sebastes; Genetics; Microsatellite
ID QUEEN-CHARLOTTE SOUND; OCEAN PERCH; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENUS
   SEBASTES; MICROSATELLITE VARIATION; ROUGHEYE ROCKFISH;
   MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; SHORTRAKER ROCKFISH; LARVAL ROCKFISHES; BLACK
   ROCKFISH
AB Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) represent a speciose and ecologically important group of marine fishes found in both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, with approximately 105 species found world-wide (Hyde and Vetter 2007). They also comprise the majority of species found in the Pacific groundfish fishery. Thorough species assessments in terms of harvest management have been done for only 11 species, and of the 11 species, seven have been declared overfished. Having accurate genetic information is critical to the continuing effort at stock assessments, but sampling is often difficult in marine fishes. Genetic techniques are a powerful tool in the effort to better characterize the ecology of these species. These techniques can be used to investigate multiple biological traits, including species identity, intra- and interspecific genetic variation, migration patterns, and effective population size. There are important caveats and limitations when applying specific genetic methods, especially in marine species that lack discrete spawning aggregates. Nevertheless, it is clear from a review of recent literature that genetic tools have already provided very specific insight regarding rockfish population dynamics. The results are diverse and difficult to synthesize; however, existing studies show five primary patterns to population groupings in rockfishes: no obvious pattern of structure, structure consistent with isolation by distance, structure evident but inconsistent with isolation by distance, structure that correlates to oceanographic features, and potential genetic introgression. Clearly the study of rockfish population genetics is poised for rapid expansion that will unquestionably aid management of the rockfish fisheries and general understanding of rockfish evolutionary systematics. A principle challenge at this point is to derive generalized inferences from such a diverse array of study results across the vast North Pacific range of Sebastes. This review summarizes existing genetic studies in Sebastes spp. in the North Pacific to assist in identifying knowledge gaps for this ecologically important and diverse group.
C1 [Berntson, Ewann A.; Moran, Paul] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Berntson, EA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM ewann.berntson@noaa.gov
NR 70
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0960-3166
J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER
JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 2
BP 233
EP 247
DI 10.1007/s11160-008-9101-2
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 442FW
UT WOS:000265827200007
ER

PT J
AU Schiavone, A
   Corsolini, S
   Kannan, K
   Tao, L
   Trivelpiece, W
   Torres, D
   Focardi, S
AF Schiavone, A.
   Corsolini, S.
   Kannan, K.
   Tao, L.
   Trivelpiece, W.
   Torres, D., Jr.
   Focardi, S.
TI Perfluorinated contaminants in fur seal pups and penguin eggs from South
   Shetland, Antarctica
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Perfluorinated compounds; Penguin; Egg; Seal; Antarctica
ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; KING-GEORGE-ISLAND; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE;
   MARINE MAMMALS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; NORTHERN
   BOBWHITE; PUSA-SIBIRICA; OCEAN WATERS; POLAR BEARS
AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have emerged as a new class of global environmental pollutants. In this study, the presence of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in penguin eggs and Antarctic fur seals was reported for the first time. Tissue samples from Antarctic fur seal pups and penguin eggs were collected during the 2003/04 breeding season. Ten PFC contaminants were determined in seal and penguin samples. The PFC concentrations in seal liver were in the decreasing order, PFOS>PFNA>PFHpA>PFUnDA while in Adelie penguin eggs were PFHpA>PFUnDA>PFDA>PFDoDA, and in Gentoo penguin eggs were PFUnDA>PFOS>PFDoDA>PFHpA. The PFC concentrations differed significantly between seals and penguins (p<0.005) and a species-specific difference was found between the two species of penguins (p<0.005). In our study we found a mean concentration of PFOS in seal muscle and liver samples of 1.3 ng/g and 9.4 ng/g wet wt, respectively, and a mean concentration in Gentoo and Adelie penguin eggs of 0.3 ng/g and 0.38 ng/g wet wt, respectively. PFCs detected in penguin eggs and seal pups suggested oviparous and viviparous transfer of PFOS to eggs and off-springs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Schiavone, A.; Corsolini, S.; Focardi, S.] Univ Siena, Dept Environm Sci G Sarfattia, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
   [Kannan, K.; Tao, L.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA.
   [Kannan, K.; Tao, L.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA.
   [Trivelpiece, W.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Antarctic Marine Living Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Torres, D., Jr.] Inst Antartico Chileno INACH, Punta Arenas 1055, Chile.
RP Schiavone, A (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dept Environm Sci G Sarfattia, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
EM schiavone4@unisi.it
RI Corsolini, Simonetta/B-9460-2012
OI Corsolini, Simonetta/0000-0002-9772-2362
FU Italian National Program of Research in Antarctica (PNRA); National
   Science Foundation
FX This research was funded by the Italian National Program of Research in
   Antarctica (PNRA). The National Science Foundation supported S.
   Corsolini's stay and travel to and from King George Is. We are very
   grateful to Daniel Torres and Daniel Torres jr (Instituto Antarctico
   Chileno, Santiago, Chile) for collecting the fur seal samples during the
   2003/04 expedition, and to Wayne Trivelpiece, and Susan Trivelpiece for
   collecting the penguin eggs samples. We thanks Roger Hewitt, the Agunsa
   (Punta Arenas, Chile) and Raytheon (USA) for their friendly logistic
   support.
NR 45
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD JUN 1
PY 2009
VL 407
IS 12
BP 3899
EP 3904
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.058
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 451BT
UT WOS:000266446400032
PM 19321191
ER

PT J
AU Vesper, HW
   Bhasin, S
   Wang, C
   Tai, SS
   Dodge, LA
   Singh, RJ
   Nelson, J
   Ohorodnik, S
   Clarke, NJ
   Salameh, WA
   Parker, CR
   Razdan, R
   Monsell, EA
   Myers, GL
AF Vesper, Hubert W.
   Bhasin, Shalender
   Wang, Christina
   Tai, Susan S.
   Dodge, Larry A.
   Singh, Ravinder J.
   Nelson, Judie
   Ohorodnik, Susan
   Clarke, Nigel J.
   Salameh, Wael A.
   Parker, C. Richard, Jr.
   Razdan, Raj
   Monsell, Elizabeth A.
   Myers, Gary L.
TI Interlaboratory comparison study of serum total testoserone measurements
   performed by mass spectrometry methods
SO STEROIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Testosterone; HPLC-MS/MS; Method comparison; Analytical variability
ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; FREE TESTOSTERONE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
   ADULT MEN; WOMEN; ASSAYS; ANDROSTENEDIONE; IMMUNOASSAYS; VALIDATION;
   THERAPY
AB Background: Though mass spectrometry (MS) assays are increasingly used for routine clinical measurements of serum total testosterone (TT), information about the variability of results is limited. This study assessed the variability of TT measurement results from routine MS assays.
   Methods: Twenty serum samples (12 females, 8 males) were analyzed on 2 days by seven high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and one gas chromatography (GC)-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS, CC-MS/MS) assays. Two samples (male and female) were provided in five replicates to assess the within-run variability.
   Results were compared against those obtained at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The within- and between-laboratory variability was assessed for each sample. Comparisons to the NIST results were performed using bias plot and Deming regression analysis. Results: The overall coefficient of variation of the results obtained with MS assays was <15%CV at >1.53 nmol/L and <34%CV at 0.3 nmol/L The between-assay variability was the major contributor to the overall variability. The assay precision was the highest (<3%CV) with assays using liquid-liquid extraction for sample preparation or GC-MS/MS. The mean percent difference to the reference assay was 11%. The slopes of Deming regression analysis of the MS assays were between 0.903 and 1.138 (correlation coefficient: >0.996). TT concentrations for one assay were above the measurement range.
   Conclusions: The variability of TT measurement results among MS assays is substantially smaller than that reported for immunoassays. The type of sample preparation may affect assay precision. Standardizing assays can further reduce the variability of measurement results. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Vesper, Hubert W.; Razdan, Raj; Monsell, Elizabeth A.; Myers, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   [Bhasin, Shalender] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
   [Wang, Christina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Sch Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA.
   [Wang, Christina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA 90509 USA.
   [Tai, Susan S.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Dodge, Larry A.; Singh, Ravinder J.] Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
   [Nelson, Judie] Childrens & Womens Hlth Ctr BC, Newborn Screening Biochem Genet Labs, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.
   [Ohorodnik, Susan] Taylor Technol Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Clarke, Nigel J.; Salameh, Wael A.] QuestDiagnost Nichols Inst, Capistrano, CA 92675 USA.
   [Parker, C. Richard, Jr.] Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM HVesper@cdc.gov
FU Solvay Pharmaceutical through the CDC Foundation; National Center for
   Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
FX Funding for this project is provided by Solvay Pharmaceutical through
   the CDC Foundation. The Division of Laboratory Sciences at the National
   Center for Environmental Health and the Division of Cancer Prevention
   and Control at the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and
   Health Promotion also contributed to this project. We would like to
   thank Dr. Sam Caudill for his assistance with the SAS calculations, and
   Dr. Julianne Bothelo, CDC and Christopher Shacklady, CDC for their
   contributions to manuscript preparation.
NR 40
TC 75
Z9 78
U1 2
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0039-128X
J9 STEROIDS
JI Steroids
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 74
IS 6
BP 498
EP 503
DI 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.01.004
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 432JH
UT WOS:000265128800002
PM 19428438
ER

PT J
AU van der Laan, DC
AF van der Laan, D. C.
TI YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductor cabling for low ac-loss and high-field
   magnet applications
SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PROGRESS
AB The electromechanical properties of YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors under high axial compressive strain are measured; they show no irreversible degradation in critical current up to -2% strain. The high degree of elasticity of the ceramic layers in these conductors is beneficial when used in high-field applications, but has not been fully exploited. The results presented here lead to the introduction of a new method of producing YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductor cabling for use in low ac-loss and high-field magnet applications, where coated conductors are wound around a former with a relatively small diameter. This concept allows for full transposition of the conductors, a high cable critical current, low inductance, and a relatively high engineering current density. The feasibility of the concept is demonstrated by constructing several prototype cables and by comparing the cable critical current to that of a straight sample under axial compression.
C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [van der Laan, D. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM danko@boulder.nist.gov
RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016
FU US Department of Energy; Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
   Reliability
FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office
   of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability.
NR 17
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 9
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-2048
J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH
JI Supercond. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 6
AR 065013
DI 10.1088/0953-2048/22/6/065013
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 447VF
UT WOS:000266219400027
ER

PT J
AU Brennan, MJ
   Hennon, CC
   Knabb, RD
AF Brennan, Michael J.
   Hennon, Christopher C.
   Knabb, Richard D.
TI The Operational Use of QuikSCAT Ocean Surface Vector Winds at the
   National Hurricane Center
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID WEATHER PREDICTION; SCATTEROMETER DATA; RAIN; RETRIEVALS; SEAWINDS;
   IMPACT
AB The utility and shortcomings of near-real-time ocean surface vector wind retrievals from the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) in operational forecast and analysis activities at the National Hurricane Center (NHC) are described. The use of QuikSCAT data in tropical cyclone (TC) analysis and forecasting for center location/identification, intensity (maximum sustained wind) estimation, and analysis of outer wind radii is presented, along with shortcomings of the data due to the effects of rain contamination and wind direction uncertainties. Automated QuikSCAT solutions in TCs often fail to show a closed circulation, and those that do are often biased to the southwest of the NHC best-track position. QuikSCAT winds show the greatest skill in TC intensity estimation in moderate to strong tropical storms. In tropical depressions, a positive bias in QuikSCAT winds is seen due to enhanced backscatter by rain, while in major hurricanes rain attenuation, resolution, and signal saturation result in a large negative bias in QuikSCAT intensity estimates.
   QuikSCAT wind data help overcome the large surface data void in the analysis and forecast area of NHC's Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch (TAFB). These data have resulted in improved analyses of surface features, better definition of high wind areas, and improved forecasts of high-wind events. The development of a climatology of gap wind events in the Gulf of Tehuantepec has been possible due to QuikSCAT wind data in a largely data-void region.
   The shortcomings of ocean surface vector winds from QuikSCAT in the operational environment at NHC are described, along with requirements for future ocean surface vector wind missions. These include improvements in the timeliness and quality of the data, increasing the wind speed range over which the data are reliable, and decreasing the impact of rain to allow for accurate retrievals in all-weather conditions.
C1 [Brennan, Michael J.; Knabb, Richard D.] NOAA, NWS NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
   [Hennon, Christopher C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Atmospher Sci, Asheville, NC 28804 USA.
RP Brennan, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
EM michael.j.brennan@noaa.gov
FU National Ocean Partnership Program; NOAA/NESDIS
FX Funding to support this research was provided by the National Ocean
   Partnership Program and by research to operations funding through
   NOAA/NESDIS. In addition, the first two authors conducted portions of
   this research while participating in the UCAR Visiting Scientist Program
   under the direction of the third author at the National Hurricane Center
   (NHC). Thanks to Joni David of NHC who provided assistance in creating
   Fig. 1. Thanks to Dr. Chris Landsea, Lt. Cdr. David Roberts, James
   Franklin, and Jamie Rhome of NHC for providing comments on this
   manuscript. Special appreciation is extended to Dr. Paul Chang and Dr.
   Zorana Jelenak (NOAA/NESDIS), James Franklin and Hugh Cobb (NHC), Joan
   Von Ahn and Joseph Sienkiewicz (Ocean Prediction Center), and Roger
   Edson (NWS Guam) who provided data, analysis, and valuable insights for
   this work. Finally, thanks is extended to three reviewers who provided
   many helpful suggestions to improve this manuscript.
NR 40
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 3
BP 621
EP 645
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222188.1
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 467SQ
UT WOS:000267763100001
ER

PT J
AU McCaul, EW
   Goodman, SJ
   LaCasse, KM
   Cecil, DJ
AF McCaul, Eugene W., Jr.
   Goodman, Steven J.
   LaCasse, Katherine M.
   Cecil, Daniel J.
TI Forecasting Lightning Threat Using Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; MAPPING ARRAY; PART I; STORM; THUNDERSTORM;
   PARAMETERIZATION; ELECTRIFICATION; PREDICTION; FLORIDA; SCHEME
AB Two new approaches are proposed and developed for making time- and space-dependent, quantitative short-term forecasts of lightning threats, and a blend of these approaches is devised that capitalizes on the strengths of each. The new methods are distinctive in that they are based entirely on the ice-phase hydrometeor fields generated by regional cloud-resolving numerical simulations, such as those produced by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. These methods are justified by established observational evidence linking aspects of the precipitating ice hydrometeor fields to total flash rates. The methods are straightforward and easy to implement, and offer an effective near-term alternative to the incorporation of complex and costly cloud electrification schemes into numerical models.
   One method is based on upward fluxes of precipitating ice hydrometeors in the mixed-phase region at the -15 degrees C level, while the second method is based on the vertically integrated amounts of ice hydrometeors in each model grid column. Each method can be calibrated by comparing domain-wide statistics of the peak values of simulated flash-rate proxy fields against domain-wide peak total lightning flash-rate density data from observations. Tests show that the first method is able to capture much of the temporal variability of the lightning threat, while the second method does a better job of depicting the areal coverage of the threat. The blended solution proposed in this work is designed to retain most of the temporal sensitivity of the first method, while adding the improved spatial coverage of the second.
   Simulations of selected diverse North Alabama cases show that the WRF can distinguish the general character of most convective events, and that the methods employed herein show promise as a means of generating quantitatively realistic fields of lightning threat. However, because the models tend to have more difficulty in predicting the instantaneous placement of storms, forecasts of the detailed location of the lightning threat based on single simulations can be in error. Although these model shortcomings presently limit the precision of lightning threat forecasts from individual runs of current generation models, the techniques proposed herein should continue to be applicable as newer and more accurate physically based model versions, physical parameterizations, initialization techniques, and ensembles of forecasts become available.
C1 [McCaul, Eugene W., Jr.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
   [Goodman, Steven J.] NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [LaCasse, Katherine M.; Cecil, Daniel J.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
RP McCaul, EW (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Bldg 4,Ste 450,6767 Old Madison Pike, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
EM emccaul@usra.edu
FU NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division; NOAA GOES-R
   [NA07AANEG0284]
FX This research was funded by the NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth
   Science Division in support of the Short-term Prediction and Research
   Transition (SPoRT) Project at Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville,
   Alabama. We also thank the NOAA GOES-R program office for the funding it
   provided in support of GOES-R Lightning Mapper risk reduction science,
   under Space Act Agreement Order NA07AANEG0284. The authors have also
   benefited from helpful discussions with Paul Krehbiel and Ron Thomas,
   New Mexico Tech; Walt Petersen and Kevin Doty, UAH; Bill Koshak and Rich
   Blakeslee, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; and Morris Weisman, NCAR,
   during the course of this research. Kelvin Droegemeier and Kevin Thomas,
   University of Oklahoma, provided sample high-resolution WRF datasets for
   test purposes early in the work. Jayanthi Srikishen, USRA Huntsville,
   assisted in the installation of the WRF model code. The views, opinions,
   and findings contained herein are those of the authors and should not be
   construed as an official NASA, NOAA, or U. S. government position,
   policy, or decision. Finally, we are grateful for the helpful comments
   made by Phil Shafer and two anonymous reviewers, which led to
   significant improvements in both the content and readability of the
   paper.
NR 34
TC 53
Z9 56
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 3
BP 709
EP 729
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222152.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 467SQ
UT WOS:000267763100005
ER

PT J
AU Park, H
   Ryzhkov, AV
   Zrnic, DS
   Kim, KE
AF Park, HyangSuk
   Ryzhkov, A. V.
   Zrnic, D. S.
   Kim, Kyung-Eak
TI The Hydrometeor Classification Algorithm for the Polarimetric WSR-88D:
   Description and Application to an MCS
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; IN-SITU VERIFICATION; SYSTEMS
AB This paper contains a description of the most recent version of the hydrometeor classification algorithm for polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). This version contains several modifications and refinements of the previous echo classification algorithm based on the principles of fuzzy logic. These modifications include the estimation of confidence factors that characterize the possible impacts of all error sources on radar measurements, the assignment of the matrix of weights that characterizes the classification power of each variable with respect to every class of radar echo, and the implementation of a class designation system based on the distance from the radar and the parameters of the melting layer that are determined as functions of azimuth with polarimetric radar measurements. These additions provide considerable flexibility and improve the discrimination between liquid and frozen hydrometeors. The new classification scheme utilizes all available polarimetric variables and discerns 10 different classes of radar echoes. Furthermore, a methodology for the new fuzzy logic classification scheme is discussed and the results are illustrated using polarimetric radar data collected with the Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), WSR-88D prototype radar during a mesoscale convective system event on 13 May 2005.
C1 [Ryzhkov, A. V.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Park, HyangSuk; Kim, Kyung-Eak] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Atmospher Sci, Taegu, South Korea.
   [Ryzhkov, A. V.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, CIMMS, 120 David Boren Dr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; U.S.
   Department of Commerce; U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation
   Administration, and Department of Defense; Korea Meteorological
   Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2007-2104]
FX We express out thanks to Scott Giangrande and Matthew Kumjian for
   helpful suggestions. Terry Schuur, Kimberly Elmore, and an anonymous
   reviewer provided comments that have strengthened this manuscript. Paul
   Schlatter's extensive and useful review is appreciated as it helped in
   improving the paper. This work was funded by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic
   and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative
   Agreement NA17RJ1227, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the U.S.
   National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and
   Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD radars. The
   lead author was partially supported by the Korea Meteorological
   Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER
   2007-2104. The authors thank the NSSL/CIMMS employees who maintain and
   operate the KOUN polarimetric radar for research-grade applications.
NR 31
TC 125
Z9 128
U1 3
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 3
BP 730
EP 748
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222205.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 467SQ
UT WOS:000267763100006
ER

PT J
AU Vasiloff, SV
   Howard, KW
AF Vasiloff, Steven V.
   Howard, Kenneth W.
TI Investigation of a Severe Downburst Storm near Phoenix, Arizona, as Seen
   by a Mobile Doppler Radar and the KIWA WSR-88D
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID WIND SHEAR DETECTION; MICROBURST ACTIVITY; FLORIDA
AB A Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar (SMART-R) was deployed near Phoenix, Arizona, during the summer of 2004. The goal was to capture a severe microburst at close range to understand the low-altitude wind structure and evolution. During the evening of 27 July, a severe storm formed along the Estrella Mountains south of Phoenix and moved south of the SMART-R as well as the National Weather Service's (NWS) Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Phoenix (KIWA). Several microburst-downburst pulses were observed by radar and a surface wind gust of 67 mi h(-1) was reported. The radar data illustrate the finescale structure of the microburst pulses, with the SMART-R's higher-resolution data showing Doppler velocities 3-4 m s(-1) greater than the KIWA radar. SMART-R wind shear values were 2-3 times greater with the finer resolution of the SMART-R revealing smaller features in the surface outflow wind structure. Asymmetric outflow may have been a factor as well in the different divergence values. The evolution of the outflow was very rapid with the 5-min KIWA scan intervals being too course to sample the detailed evolution. The SMART-R scans were at 3-5-min intervals and also had difficulty resolving the event. The storm environment displayed characteristics of both moderate-to-high-reflectivity microbursts, typical of the high plains of Colorado.
C1 [Vasiloff, Steven V.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, NWS, Norman, OK 73702 USA.
RP Vasiloff, SV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, NWS, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73702 USA.
EM steven.vasiloff@noaa.gov
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 3
BP 856
EP 867
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222117.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 467SQ
UT WOS:000267763100014
ER

PT J
AU Powell, MD
   Uhlhorn, EW
   Kepert, JD
AF Powell, Mark D.
   Uhlhorn, Eric W.
   Kepert, Jeffrey D.
TI Estimating Maximum Surface Winds from Hurricane Reconnaissance
   Measurements
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRUM SPATIAL VARIATION; TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; BOUNDARY-LAYER JETS;
   PART II; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; ISABEL 2003; INTENSITY; VORTEX; REANALYSIS;
   EVOLUTION
AB Radial profiles of surface winds measured by the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) are compared to radial profiles of flight-level winds to determine the slant ratio of the maximum surface wind speed to the maximum flight-level wind speed, for flight altitude ranges of 2-4 km. The radius of maximum surface wind is found on average to be 0.875 of the radius of the maximum flight-level wind, and very few cases have a surface wind maximum at greater radius than the flight-level maximum. The mean slant reduction factor is 0.84 with a standard deviation of 0.09 and varies with storm-relative azimuth from a maximum of 0.89 on the left side of the storm to a minimum of 0.79 on the right side. Larger slant reduction factors are found in small storms with large values of inertial stability and small values of relative angular momentum at the flight-level radius of maximum wind, which is consistent with Kepert's recent boundary layer theories. The global positioning system (GPS) dropwindsonde-based reduction factors that are assessed using this new dataset have a high bias and substantially larger RMS errors than the new technique. A new regression model for the slant reduction factor based upon SFMR data is presented, and used to make retrospective estimates of maximum surface wind speeds for significant Atlantic basin storms, including Hurricanes Allen (1980), Gilbert (1988), Hugo (1989), Andrew (1992), and Mitch (1998).
C1 [Powell, Mark D.; Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Kepert, Jeffrey D.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Powell, MD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, COAPS, 2035 E Paul Dirac Dr,200 RM Johnson Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM mark.powell@noaa.gov
RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Kepert, Jeffrey/I-6786-2013; Uhlhorn,
   Eric/B-1336-2014
OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Kepert, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6771-0769;
   Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342
FU SFMR; NOAA 2006 Hurricane Supplemental; Army Corps of Engineers
   Hurricane Katrina Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force
FX We appreciate the efforts of our colleagues at HRD, NOAA's Aircraft
   Operations Center, and NHC, who persisted in exhaustive evaluations and
   calibrations of the SFMR during the 2005 Hurricane Field Program.
   Russell St. Fleur of the University of Miami Cooperative Institute for
   Marine and Atmospheric Studies helped assemble the eyewall GPS sonde
   dataset. We appreciate the suggestions of Jason Dunion and John Kaplan
   of HRD who provided internal reviews of the manuscript, as well as the
   three anonymous reviewers who made very helpful suggestions. This
   research was supported by the 2005 SFMR initiative, the NOAA 2006
   Hurricane Supplemental, and the Army Corps of Engineers Hurricane
   Katrina Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force.
NR 38
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 3
BP 868
EP 883
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2007087.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 467SQ
UT WOS:000267763100015
ER

PT J
AU French, MM
   Bluestein, HB
   Wicker, LJ
   Dowell, DC
   Kramar, MR
AF French, Michael M.
   Bluestein, Howard B.
   Wicker, Louis J.
   Dowell, David C.
   Kramar, Matthew R.
TI An Example of the Use of Mobile, Doppler Radar Data for Tornado
   Verification
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; SOUTH-DAKOTA; 1998 SPENCER; PART II; STORM; SUPERCELLS;
   TEXAS; BAND
AB On 16 May 2003, two ground-based, mobile, Doppler radars scanned a potentially tornadic supercell in the Texas Panhandle intermittently from similar to 0200 to 0330 UTC. The storm likely was tornadic, but because it was dark, visual confirmation of any tornadoes was not possible. A damage survey was completed after the storm moved through the area. The final conclusion of the damage survey prior to this analysis was that there were two tornadoes near Shamrock, Texas: one that formed prior to 0300 UTC and one that formed at or after 0300 UTC. High-resolution, mobile, Doppler radar data of the supercell were compared with the damage survey information at different times. The location of the first tornado damage path was not consistent with the locations of the low-level circulations in the supercell identified through the mobile, Doppler radar data. The damage within the first path, which consisted mostly of downed trees, may have been caused by straight-line winds in a squall line that moved through the area after the passage of the supercell. The mobile, Doppler radar data did not provide any supporting evidence for the first tornado, but the data did support the existence of the second tornado in Wheeler County on the evening of 15 May 2003. Ground-based, mobile, Doppler radar data may be used as an important tool to help to confirm (or deny) tornado damage reports in situations in which a damage survey cannot be completed or in which the survey does not provide clear evidence as to what phenomenon caused the damage.
C1 [French, Michael M.; Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Wicker, Louis J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
   [Dowell, David C.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA.
   [Kramar, Matthew R.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Weather Forecast Off, Amarillo, TX USA.
RP French, MM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM mfrench@ou.edu
RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015
FU NSF [ATM-0241037, ATM-0637148, ATM-0437898]
FX The authors thank Michael Biggerstaff and Alan Shapiro, both of whom
   reviewed early drafts of this work within the first author's master's
   thesis at the University of Oklahoma. Thanks also are given to Curtis
   Alexander and Al Pietrycha, who provided useful damage information. This
   study was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0241037, ATM-0637148, and
   ATM-0437898 (DCD).
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 3
BP 884
EP 891
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222147.1
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 467SQ
UT WOS:000267763100016
ER

PT J
AU Coston-Clements, L
   Waggett, RJ
   Tester, PA
AF Coston-Clements, Linda
   Waggett, Rebecca J.
   Tester, Patricia A.
TI Chaetognaths of the United States South Atlantic Bight: Distribution,
   abundance and potential interactions with newly spawned larval fish
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Competition; Daily ration; Larval fish; Metabolic requirements;
   Predation; Sagitta enflata; Sagitta hispida; Sagitta tenuis; United
   States South Atlantic Bight
ID NORTH-CAROLINA ESTUARY; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; SAGITTA-ENFLATA;
   MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; EUKROHNIA-HAMATA;
   BREVOORTIA-PATRONUS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SARGASSO SEA; PREY SIZE
AB Chaetognaths are one of the most numerous organisms in the zooplankton community off the coast of North Carolina. During two years of offshore sampling in the late winter to early spring, sixteen chaetognath species were identified, four of which had not previously been reported in the waters of the United States South Atlantic Bight. Offshore samples were dominated by Sagitta enflata Grassi, 1881, one of the larger species, which contributed >61% of total chaetognath abundance while dominant coastal species were S. tenuis Conant, 1896 and S. hispida Conant, 1895. Abundances, body sizes and spatial distributions were determined for the most abundant chaetognath species along with the overall abundance of three common co-occurring larval fish species (spot, Atlantic croaker and Atlantic menhaden). In addition, laboratory feeding experiments were conducted using S. tenuis and S. hispida to estimate the potential impact of chaetognath predation on representative North Carolina larval fish which spawn offshore and subsequently migrate into local estuaries. Feeding rates (no. prey items day(-1)) varied with prey type and the condition (starved/fed) of the chaetognath. Weight specific daily rations (SDR) were found to vary inversely with chaetognath size, decreasing exponentially with an increase in chaetognath length. The observed abundance and distribution data indicate that wintertime chaetognath populations in offshore waters of Onslow Bay, North Carolina have the potential to interact with recently spawned larval fish and may simultaneously act as competitors, predators, or prey. Furthermore, calculations using published values of chaetognath abundance, zooplankton standing crops, and our SDR estimates indicate that chaetognaths in a representative North Carolina estuary would require a minimum of 5.96 cal m(-3) day(-1) to sustain their biomass. Allowing for the reported spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton abundance in these systems, chaetognaths should consume 4.4%-20.9% of the estimated total zooplankton production day(-1). This further emphasizes the role of chaetognaths not only as predators, but also as competitors with larval fish for zooplankton food stocks in southeastern United Sates estuaries. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Waggett, Rebecca J.; Tester, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   [Coston-Clements, Linda] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Tester, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM Pat.Tester@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service; NOAA; United States Department of
   Energy
FX We are grateful to the scientists and crew aboard the R/V John de Wolf
   II, to A. Alvarino and G. Grant for identification of chaetognaths, to
   D. Colby, D. Peters, G. Bath-Martin and D. Ahrenholz for reviewing the
   manuscript, and to D. Hoss for encouragement and guidance during the
   study. This research was funded in part by a cooperative agreement
   between the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA and the United
   States Department of Energy. [SS]
NR 85
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
EI 1879-1697
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD MAY 31
PY 2009
VL 373
IS 2
BP 111
EP 123
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.03.008
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 457AQ
UT WOS:000266897400005
ER

PT J
AU Stambulchik, E
   Bernshtam, V
   Weingarten, L
   Kroupp, E
   Fisher, D
   Maron, Y
   Zastrau, U
   Uschmann, I
   Zamponi, F
   Forster, E
   Sengebusch, A
   Reinholz, H
   Ropke, G
   Ralchenko, Y
AF Stambulchik, E.
   Bernshtam, V.
   Weingarten, L.
   Kroupp, E.
   Fisher, D.
   Maron, Y.
   Zastrau, U.
   Uschmann, I.
   Zamponi, F.
   Foerster, E.
   Sengebusch, A.
   Reinholz, H.
   Roepke, G.
   Ralchenko, Yu
TI Progress in line-shape modeling of K-shell transitions in warm dense
   titanium plasmas
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems
CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2008
CL Univ Camerino, Camerino, ITALY
HO Univ Camerino
ID EMISSION; STATES; IONS
AB Modeling of x-ray spectra emitted from a solid-density strongly coupled plasma formed in short-duration, high-power laser-matter interactions represents a highly challenging task due to extreme conditions found in these experiments. In this paper we present recent progress in the modeling and analysis of K alpha emission from solid-density laser-produced titanium plasmas. The self-consistent modeling is based on collisional-radiative calculations that comprise many different processes and effects, such as satellite formation and blending, plasma polarization, Stark broadening, solid-density quantum effects and self-absorption. A rather strong dependence of the Ka shape on the bulk electron temperature is observed. Preliminary analysis of recently obtained experimental data shows a great utility of the calculations, allowing for inferring a temperature distribution of the bulk electrons from a single-shot measurement.
C1 [Stambulchik, E.; Bernshtam, V.; Weingarten, L.; Kroupp, E.; Fisher, D.; Maron, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
   [Zastrau, U.; Uschmann, I.; Zamponi, F.; Foerster, E.] Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantum Elect, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
   [Sengebusch, A.; Reinholz, H.; Roepke, G.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
   [Reinholz, H.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
   [Ralchenko, Yu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stambulchik, E (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
EM Evgeny.Stambulchik@weizmann.ac.il
RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Stambulchik, Evgeny/K-1816-2012; Ralchenko,
   Yuri/E-9297-2016
OI Stambulchik, Evgeny/0000-0002-7100-8793; Ralchenko,
   Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554
NR 24
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1751-8113
J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR
JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor.
PD MAY 29
PY 2009
VL 42
IS 21
AR 214056
DI 10.1088/1751-8113/42/21/214056
PG 10
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 446NX
UT WOS:000266129400057
ER

PT J
AU Lester, SE
   Halpern, BS
   Grorud-Colvert, K
   Lubchenco, J
   Ruttenberg, BI
   Gaines, SD
   Airame, S
   Warner, RR
AF Lester, Sarah E.
   Halpern, Benjamin S.
   Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten
   Lubchenco, Jane
   Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.
   Gaines, Steven D.
   Airame, Satie
   Warner, Robert R.
TI Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine reserves; Temperate; Tropical; Fishes; Invertebrates; Algae;
   Marine Protected Area; Conservation
ID PROTECTED AREAS; FISH POPULATIONS; CORAL-REEFS; CONCHOLEPAS-CONCHOLEPAS;
   CONSERVATION BENEFITS; LARVAL DISPERSAL; CENTRAL CHILE; MANAGEMENT;
   RECOVERY; IMPACTS
AB The study and implementation of no-take marine reserves have increased rapidly over the past decade, providing ample data on the biological effects of reserve protection for a wide range of geographic locations and organisms. The plethora of new studies affords the opportunity to re-evaluate previous findings and address formerly unanswered questions with extensive data syntheses. Our results show, on average, positive effects of reserve protection on the biomass, numerical density, species richness, and size of organisms within their boundaries which are remarkably similar to those of past syntheses despite a near doubling of data. New analyses indicate that (1) these results do not appear to be an artifact of reserves being sited in better locations; (2) results do not appear to be driven by displaced fishing effort outside of reserves; (3) contrary to often-made assertions, reserves have similar if not greater positive effects in temperate settings, at least for reef ecosystems; (4) even small reserves can produce significant biological responses irrespective of latitude, although more data are needed to test whether reserve effects scale with reserve size; and (5) effects of reserves vary for different taxonomic groups and for taxa with various characteristics, and not all species increase in response to reserve protection. There is considerable variation in the responses documented across all the reserves in our data set-variability which cannot be entirely explained by which species were studied. We suggest that reserve characteristics and context, particularly the intensity of fishing outside the reserve and inside the reserve before implementation, play key roles in determining the direction and magnitude of the reserve response. However, despite considerable variability, positive responses are far more common than no differences or negative responses, validating the potential for well designed and enforced reserves to serve as globally important conservation and management tools.
C1 [Lester, Sarah E.; Gaines, Steven D.; Airame, Satie; Warner, Robert R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
   [Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Lubchenco, Jane] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Gaines, Steven D.; Warner, Robert R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Lester, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM lester@msi.ucsb.edu
RI Warner, Robert/M-5342-2013; Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012
OI Warner, Robert/0000-0002-3299-5685; 
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
   [335]; NOAA Dr, Nancy Foster Scholarship
FX This work was supported by the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies
   of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), funded by the David and Lucile Packard
   Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (contribution no.
   335). This analysis contributed to The Science of Marine Reserves, an
   educational booklet funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.
   S.E.L. was also supported by a NOAA Dr, Nancy Foster Scholarship. We
   thank S. Palumbi and P. Guarderas for discussions about the data set, W.
   McClintock for the global marine reserve map, A. Rassweiler for help
   with some analyses, and several anonymous reviewers for helpful comments
   on previous versions of the manuscript.
NR 55
TC 434
Z9 437
U1 32
U2 271
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD MAY 29
PY 2009
VL 384
BP 33
EP 46
DI 10.3354/meps08029
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Oceanography
GA 463BS
UT WOS:000267404000004
ER

PT J
AU Clarke, LM
   Walther, BD
   Munch, SB
   Thorrold, SR
   Conover, DO
AF Clarke, Lora M.
   Walther, Benjamin D.
   Munch, Stephan B.
   Thorrold, Simon R.
   Conover, David O.
TI Chemical signatures in the otoliths of a coastal marine fish, Menidia
   menidia, from the northeastern United States: spatial and temporal
   differences
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Otolith chemistry; Menidia menidia; Population structure; Natural tag;
   Natal fingerprint
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; CORAL-REEF FISH; ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE; ELEMENTAL
   SIGNATURES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GROWTH-RATE; ARAGONITIC OTOLITHS;
   QUALITY-ASSURANCE; SELF-RECRUITMENT; NURSERY HABITATS
AB Knowledge of population structure in marine systems is fundamental to effective management and conservation. The geochemical signature of otoliths may provide a promising natural tag for quantifying population structure in marine fishes. However, the spatial scale at which chemical signatures differ among species from different environments and with different life histories is not yet clear. We examined chemical signatures in the otoliths of juvenile Menidia menidia, a ubiquitous nearshore marine species found along the east coast of North America that undergoes offshore winter migration. Specimens were collected from 16 locations in 2003 and from 9 locations in 2004 between New Jersey and Maine. Otolith geochemistry was analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Juvenile fish showed significant site-specific differences and were assigned to natal sites with 70% (2003) and 77% (2004) average cross-validated classification accuracies based on elemental (Mg, Mn, Sr, Ba, Cu, and Pb relative to Ca) and isotope (delta C-13, delta O-18) ratios using quadratic discriminant function analysis. Geochemical signatures showed significant interannual variation, suggesting natural tags are year-class specific. Results suggest enough heterogeneity exists in marine chemical signatures to track movements and determine whether M menidia return to their natal, nearshore location upon return from winter migration. Because M menidia show evidence of local adaptation, knowledge of this winter migration will have evolutionary and ecological implications. Geochemical signatures of otoliths will likely serve as a useful tool in species with similar life histories.
C1 [Clarke, Lora M.; Munch, Stephan B.; Conover, David O.] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Walther, Benjamin D.; Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Clarke, LM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM lora_clarke@yahoo.com
RI Walther, Benjamin/A-7284-2009; Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012
OI Walther, Benjamin/0000-0002-2902-4001; Thorrold,
   Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0425830, OCE-0134998]; New York State
   Department of Environmental Conservation; Woods Hole Oceanographic
   Institution Academic Programs Office
FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant
   OCE-0425830 to D.O.C. and OCE-0134998 to S.R.T.) and the New York State
   Department of Environmental Conservation. B.D.W. was supported by the
   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Academic Programs Office. We thank
   past and present members of the Conover Laboratory, K. Able, S. Hagan,
   R. Hagan, J. Socrates, and J. FitzGerald for help with sample
   collections. We thank S. Birdwhistell and D. Ostermann for assistance
   with the otolith analyses, and S. Sanudo for use of laboratory space. We
   also thank R. Cerrato for helpful comments on the manuscript.
NR 57
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 16
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD MAY 29
PY 2009
VL 384
BP 261
EP 271
DI 10.3354/meps07927
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Oceanography
GA 463BS
UT WOS:000267404000022
ER

PT J
AU Stone, KW
   Gundogdu, K
   Turner, DB
   Li, XQ
   Cundiff, ST
   Nelson, KA
AF Stone, Katherine W.
   Gundogdu, Kenan
   Turner, Daniel B.
   Li, Xiaoqin
   Cundiff, Steven T.
   Nelson, Keith A.
TI Two-Quantum 2D FT Electronic Spectroscopy of Biexcitons in GaAs Quantum
   Wells
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID 2-DIMENSIONAL INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL RESPONSE;
   HEAVY-HOLE; MANY-BODY; SEMICONDUCTORS; COHERENCES; EXCITONS
AB The motions of electrons in solids may be highly correlated by strong, long-range Coulomb interactions. Correlated electron-hole pairs (excitons) are accessed spectroscopically through their allowed single-quantum transitions, but higher-order correlations that may strongly influence electronic and optical properties have been far more elusive to study. Here we report direct observation of bound exciton pairs (biexcitons) that provide incisive signatures of four-body correlations among electrons and holes in gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum wells. Four distinct, mutually coherent, ultrashort optical pulses were used to create coherent exciton states, transform these successively into coherent biexciton states and then new radiative exciton states, and finally to read out the radiated signals, yielding biexciton binding energies through a technique closely analogous to multiple-quantum two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D FT) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A measured variation of the biexciton dephasing rate indicated still higher-order correlations.
C1 [Stone, Katherine W.; Gundogdu, Kenan; Turner, Daniel B.; Nelson, Keith A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Li, Xiaoqin] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nelson, KA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM kanelson@mit.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
FU NSF [CHE-0616939]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
   Fellowship Program; Army Research Office; Welch Foundation
FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant CHE-0616939. The authors
   thank M. Kira for helpful discussions. D.T. thanks the National Defense
   Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program for financial
   support. X.L. acknowledges support from the Army Research Office and the
   Welch Foundation. A patent application for the optical setup presented
   here is currently being filed.
NR 39
TC 146
Z9 147
U1 4
U2 49
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 29
PY 2009
VL 324
IS 5931
BP 1169
EP 1173
DI 10.1126/science.1170274
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 450OG
UT WOS:000266410100037
PM 19478176
ER

PT J
AU Zuerner, RL
   Cameron, CE
   Raverty, S
   Robinson, J
   Colegrove, KM
   Norman, SA
   Lambourn, D
   Jeffries, S
   Alt, DP
   Gulland, F
AF Zuerner, Richard L.
   Cameron, Caroline E.
   Raverty, Stephen
   Robinson, John
   Colegrove, Kathleen M.
   Norman, Stephanie A.
   Lambourn, Dyanna
   Jeffries, Steven
   Alt, David P.
   Gulland, Frances
TI Geographical dissemination of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona
   during seasonal migration of California sea lions
SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Leptospirosis; California sea lions; Zoonosis
ID SURFACE-EXPOSED LIPOPROTEIN; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; PCR; IDENTIFICATION;
   DIFFERENTIATION; BORGPETERSENII; HYBRIDIZATION; INFECTION; HARDJO;
   GROWTH
AB Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonoses in the world and affects most mammalian species. Although leptospirosis is well documented and characterized in terrestrial species, less information is available regarding the distribution and impact of leptospirosis in marine mammals. Additionally, the role of animal migrations on the geographical spread of leptospirosis has not been reported. Periodic epizootic outbreaks of acute leptospirosis among California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) have been reported since 1971. In this study, we collected samples from California sea lions stranded along the Pacific coast of North America during the most recent epidemic in 2004, and maintained leptospirosis surveillance of the California sea lion population along the California coast through 2007. Several isolates of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona were obtained from kidney and urine samples collected during this study, a finding consistent with serological evidence that California sea lions are persistently exposed to this leptospiral serovar. Combined, these data support a model whereby California sea lions are maintenance hosts for L. interrogans serovar Pomona, yet periodically undergo outbreaks of acute infection. During the 2004 outbreak, the incidence of new leptospirosis cases among California sea lions coincided with the seasonal movement of male sea lions from rookeries along the coast of central and southern California north as far as British Columbia. These data show that seasonal animal movement contributes to the distribution of leptospirosis across a large geographical region. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Zuerner, Richard L.; Alt, David P.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   [Cameron, Caroline E.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
   [Raverty, Stephen; Robinson, John] Minist Agr Food & Fisheries, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada.
   [Colegrove, Kathleen M.] Univ Calif Davis, Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Norman, Stephanie A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Lambourn, Dyanna; Jeffries, Steven] Wildlife Sci Program, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Tacoma, WA 98498 USA.
   [Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA.
RP Zuerner, RL (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
EM Richard.Zuerner@ars.usda.gov
NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1135
J9 VET MICROBIOL
JI Vet. Microbiol.
PD MAY 28
PY 2009
VL 137
IS 1-2
BP 105
EP 110
DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.12.017
PG 6
WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 452YZ
UT WOS:000266578400015
PM 19186009
ER

PT J
AU Oguchi, H
   Heilweil, EJ
   Josell, D
   Bendersky, LA
AF Oguchi, H.
   Heilweil, E. J.
   Josell, D.
   Bendersky, L. A.
TI Infrared emission imaging as a tool for characterization of hydrogen
   storage materials
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrogen storage; Combinatorial; IR emissivity; Films; Mg-Ni
ID TITANIUM-ALUMINUM MULTILAYERS; SWITCHABLE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL
   TRANSFORMATIONS; COMBINATORIAL APPROACH; METAL-HYDRIDES; THIN-FILMS;
   MAGNESIUM; MG; PRESSURE; DIFFRACTION
AB Combinatorial thin films provide an opportunity for studying a variety of properties over a wide range of compositions and microstructures on a single substrate, allowing substantial acceleration of both the fabrication and study of materials and their properties. This paper details the use of infrared (IR) emissivity imaging for studying the in situ hydrogenation of MgxNi1-x films with hydrogen gas; the method is shown to be a powerful combinatorial screening tool for metal hydride storage materials. The 100 nm thick MgxNi1-x composition gradient films (0.4 < x < 0.9) capped with a Pd layer of varying thickness were deposited in a combinatorial electron-beam deposition chamber using a shutter-controlled multilayer technique. The microstructure of as-deposited and 250 degrees C-annealed films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM studies of the "X-ray amorphous" films show that the microstructure consists of nano-scale grains of a metastable fcc phase as well as Mg2Ni and MgNi2 phases over a broad range of higher Ni compositions. The metastable phase appears to be a Ni-stabilized fcc form of Mg. Hydrogenation differences between the studied films and bulk alloys are suggested to be associated primarily with crystallographic differences of the metallic and hydride phases. Hydrogen absorption and desorption of the films were monitored with an infrared camera capable of simultaneously imaging the entire composition spread. The observed changes in infrared intensity during hydrogen loading/unloading demonstrate the sensitivity of the method to hydrogen absorption behavior of different compositions and microstructures. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Josell, D.; Bendersky, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Heilweil, E. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Oguchi, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM leoben@nist.gov
RI Oguchi, Hiroyuki/R-5305-2016
NR 58
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD MAY 27
PY 2009
VL 477
IS 1-2
BP 8
EP 15
DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.10.053
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
   Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 450FM
UT WOS:000266386400015
ER

PT J
AU Stalick, JK
   Waterstrat, RM
AF Stalick, J. K.
   Waterstrat, R. M.
TI The crystal structure of martensitic ZrIr and ZrRh
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Shape memory alloys; Crystal structure; Neutron diffraction
AB The crystal structures of the martensitic shape memory alloys ZrIr and ZrRh have been determined using neutron powder diffraction data. These materials belong to a new structure type space group, Cmcm,Z = 8, with a = 3.3686(4)angstrom, b = 19.608(3)angstrom, c = 4.3982(5)angstrom for ZrIr and a = 3.3394(4)angstrom b = 19 590(3)angstrom, c = 4.3940(5)angstrom for ZrRh. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Stalick, J. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Waterstrat, R. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stalick, JK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM judith.stalick@nist.gov
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD MAY 27
PY 2009
VL 477
IS 1-2
BP 123
EP 126
DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.09.138
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
   Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 450FM
UT WOS:000266386400034
ER

PT J
AU Nan, SL
   Zhao, P
   Yang, S
   Chen, JM
AF Nan, Sulan
   Zhao, Ping
   Yang, Song
   Chen, Junming
TI Springtime tropospheric temperature over the Tibetan Plateau and
   evolutions of the tropical Pacific SST
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL TIME SCALES;
   TRADE-WIND SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCE/SINK; EL-NINO;
   SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE MODEL; SNOW DEPTH; ENSO
AB Using monthly mean data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis and HadISST SST data sets, we investigate the relationship between springtime tropospheric temperature over the Tibetan Plateau and sea surface temperature (SST) over the equatorial Pacific and the associated physical processes. When the Tibetan temperature is low (high) in spring, positive (negative) SST anomalies appear over the tropical central-eastern Pacific in spring and summer. The relationship is explained by the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) and the ocean-atmosphere interaction over the tropical Pacific. In the context of the APO, a lower spring Tibetan tropospheric temperature is associated with a higher tropospheric temperature over the subtropical North Pacific, which is accompanied by a weaker subtropical high over the eastern North Pacific. Accordingly, large-scale westerly anomalies appear in the lower troposphere of the equatorial central-eastern Pacific, resulting in an increase in SST over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific. Numerical simulations with both an ocean-atmosphere coupled model (the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 3) and an atmospheric model with a prescribed SST scheme (the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model version 3) demonstrate the impacts of the spring Tibetan thermal condition on the tropospheric temperature and atmospheric circulation over the Asian-Pacific sector and then on the SST over the equatorial eastern Pacific, better explaining the physical processes of the observed Tibetan temperature-Pacific SST relationship.
C1 [Nan, Sulan; Chen, Junming] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Climate Syst, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Zhao, Ping] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
RP Nan, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Climate Syst, 46 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhaoping@cams.cma.gov.cn
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421402]; National
   Natural Science Foundation of China [40890052]; Chinese COPES
   [GYHY200706005]
FX We thank the Climate Diagnostic Center/NOAA for providing the NCEP-NCAR
   reanalysis data and U. K. Meteorological Office, Hadley Center, for
   providing monthly mean HadISST data on their homepages. We also thank
   NCAR for providing the CCSM3 and CAM3 models on its homepage. This work
   was jointly sponsored by National Basic Research Program of China
   (2009CB421402), National Natural Science Foundation of China (40890052),
   and Chinese COPES project (GYHY200706005).
NR 39
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 23
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D10104
DI 10.1029/2008JD011559
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 449XL
UT WOS:000266364000007
ER

PT J
AU Neuman, JA
   Nowak, JB
   Zheng, W
   Flocke, F
   Ryerson, TB
   Trainer, M
   Holloway, JS
   Parrish, DD
   Frost, GJ
   Peischl, J
   Atlas, EL
   Bahreini, R
   Wollny, AG
   Fehsenfeld, FC
AF Neuman, J. A.
   Nowak, J. B.
   Zheng, W.
   Flocke, F.
   Ryerson, T. B.
   Trainer, M.
   Holloway, J. S.
   Parrish, D. D.
   Frost, G. J.
   Peischl, J.
   Atlas, E. L.
   Bahreini, R.
   Wollny, A. G.
   Fehsenfeld, F. C.
TI Relationship between photochemical ozone production and NOx oxidation in
   Houston, Texas
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-QUALITY; PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CARBON-MONOXIDE;
   REGIONAL OZONE; DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; PLUMES; URBAN
AB An instrumented aircraft was used to study anthropogenic emissions and subsequent ozone and reactive nitrogen photochemistry in the continental boundary layer downwind of Houston, Texas. Measurements of ozone, carbon monoxide, NOx, and NOx oxidation products were conducted from the NOAA WP-3 aircraft during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study under a variety of meteorological conditions. Sixty-five crosswind transects of plumes from Houston urban and industrial areas performed on 10 daytime flights from 13 September to 6 October 2006 are examined. Coincident measurements of NOx and its oxidation products show that NOx was oxidized predominately to nitric acid and peroxy acyl nitrates on time scales of a few hours. The observed relationships between O-3 and NOx oxidation products are affected by both photochemistry and mixing of different air masses. On four flights, background pollutant mixing ratios were constant and CO to NOy enhancement ratios in downwind plume transects remained at the emission ratio. The enhancement ratio of O-3 to NOx oxidation products was also nearly constant and could be used to derive ozone production efficiency (OPE) in plumes downwind from the Houston area. On the other flights, variable mixing of regionally polluted background air with plumes caused CO to NOy and O-3 to NOy - NOx enhancement ratios to increase as plumes were transported. In such cases, enhancement ratios do not solely reflect plume processing, and OPE could not be determined. The OPE averages 5.9 +/- 1.2 in coalesced plumes from urban and petrochemical industrial sources in Houston, with higher values in isolated plumes downwind from petrochemical facilities located along the Houston ship channel.
C1 [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Frost, G. J.; Peischl, J.; Bahreini, R.; Wollny, A. G.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Zheng, W.; Flocke, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Trainer, M.; Holloway, J. S.; Parrish, D. D.; Frost, G. J.; Peischl, J.; Bahreini, R.; Wollny, A. G.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Neuman, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM andy.neuman@noaa.gov
RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld,
   Frederick/I-4876-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Manager, CSD
   Publications/B-2789-2015; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Frost,
   Gregory/I-1958-2013; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008;
   Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009
OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
   Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807;
   Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; 
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Texas Commission
   on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) [582-8-86246]
FX The Air Quality and the Climate Research and Modeling Programs of the
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Texas
   Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) supported the WP-3
   measurements. Much of the analysis was supported by TCEQ under grant
   582-8-86246. J.A.N. thanks Charles Brock and Ann Middlebrook for helpful
   discussions and for providing measurements of particle size and
   composition.
NR 28
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 5
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 23
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D00F08
DI 10.1029/2008JD011688
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 449XL
UT WOS:000266364000008
ER

PT J
AU Pierce, RB
   Al-Saadi, J
   Kittaka, C
   Schaack, T
   Lenzen, A
   Bowman, K
   Szykman, J
   Soja, A
   Ryerson, T
   Thompson, AM
   Bhartia, P
   Morris, GA
AF Pierce, R. Bradley
   Al-Saadi, Jassim
   Kittaka, Chieko
   Schaack, Todd
   Lenzen, Allen
   Bowman, Kevin
   Szykman, Jim
   Soja, Amber
   Ryerson, Tom
   Thompson, Anne M.
   Bhartia, Pawan
   Morris, Gary A.
TI Impacts of background ozone production on Houston and Dallas, Texas, air
   quality during the Second Texas Air Quality Study field mission
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; AURA MISSION; OBJECTIVES;
   RETRIEVAL; MECHANISM; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM; ASIA; TES
AB A major objective of the 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) focused on understanding the effects of regional processes on Houston and Dallas ozone nonattainment areas. Here we quantify the contributions of background (continental scale) ozone production on Houston and Dallas air quality during TexAQS II using ensemble Lagrangian trajectories to identify remote source regions that impact Houston and Dallas background ozone distributions. Global-scale chemical analyses, constrained with composition measurements from instruments on the NASA Aura satellite, are used to provide estimates of background composition along ensemble back trajectories. Lagrangian averaged O-3 net photochemical production (production minus loss, P-L) rates along the back trajectories are used as a metric to classify back trajectories. Results show that the majority (6 out of 9 or 66%) of the periods of high ozone in Houston were associated with periods of enhanced background ozone production. Slightly less than 50% (7 out of 15) of the days with high ozone in the Dallas Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) show enhanced background ozone production. Source apportionment studies show that 5-day Lagrangian averaged O-3 P-L in excess of 15 ppbv/d can occur during continental-scale transport to Houston owing to NOy enhancements from emissions within the Southern Great Lakes as well as recirculation of the Houston emissions. Dallas background O-3 P-L is associated with NOy enhancements from emissions within Chicago and Houston.
C1 [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,Cooperat Res Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Al-Saadi, Jassim] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   [Bhartia, Pawan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Bowman, Kevin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Kittaka, Chieko] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
   [Schaack, Todd; Lenzen, Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Morris, Gary A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA.
   [Ryerson, Tom] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Soja, Amber] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
   [Thompson, Anne M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Szykman, Jim] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev,US EPA, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Pierce, RB (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,Cooperat Res Program, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM brad.pierce@noaa.gov
RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Thompson,
   Anne /C-3649-2014
OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Thompson, Anne
   /0000-0002-7829-0920
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX Thanks go to Bruce Doddridge of the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration, Tropospheric Chemistry Program, and Fred Fehsenfeld of
   the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth Systems
   Research Laboratory for coordinating the NASA involvement in the TexAQS
   II field mission. Thanks go to an anonymous reviewer for suggesting the
   sensitivity studies used to examine the role of intraregional transport
   during the Houston and Dallas high-ozone days. Support for IONS-06 and
   RAQMS came from the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. The views,
   opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the
   author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic
   and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or
   decision. This research used resources of the National Energy Research
   Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science
   of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 39
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 4
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 23
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D00F09
DI 10.1029/2008JD011337
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 449XL
UT WOS:000266364000004
ER

PT J
AU Huber, MG
   Arif, M
   Black, TC
   Chen, WC
   Gentile, TR
   Hussey, DS
   Pushin, DA
   Wietfeldt, FE
   Yang, L
AF Huber, M. G.
   Arif, M.
   Black, T. C.
   Chen, W. C.
   Gentile, T. R.
   Hussey, D. S.
   Pushin, D. A.
   Wietfeldt, F. E.
   Yang, L.
TI Precision Measurement of the n-He-3 Incoherent Scattering Length Using
   Neutron Interferometry
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; NUCLEI; HE-3
AB We report the first measurement of the low-energy neutron-He-3 incoherent scattering length using neutron interferometry: b(i)(')=(-2.512 +/- 0.012 stat +/- 0.014 syst) fm. This is in good agreement with a recent calculation using the AV18+3N potential. The neutron-He-3 scattering lengths are important for testing and developing nuclear potential models that include three-nucleon forces, effective field theories for few-body nuclear systems, and neutron scattering measurements of quantum excitations in liquid helium. This work demonstrates the first use of a polarized nuclear target in a neutron interferometer.
C1 [Huber, M. G.; Wietfeldt, F. E.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
   [Arif, M.; Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.; Hussey, D. S.; Pushin, D. A.; Yang, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Black, T. C.] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
   [Chen, W. C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Huber, MG (reprint author), Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
FU NIST (U.S. Department of Commerce); National Science Foundation
   [PHY-0555347]; U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences
FX We are grateful to the NIST Center for Neutron Research for providing
   the neutron beam and technical support. We thank Sam Werner and Helmut
   Kaiser for helpful discussions This work was supported by NIST (U.S.
   Department of Commerce) and the National Science Foundation through
   Grant No. PHY-0555347. The development and application of the polarized
   <SUP>3</SUP>He cells was supported in part by the U. S. Department of
   Energy, Basic Energy Sciences.
NR 26
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 22
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 20
AR 200401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.200401
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 449CS
UT WOS:000266309000001
PM 19519009
ER

PT J
AU Faraone, A
   Fratini, E
   Todea, AM
   Krebs, B
   Muller, A
   Baglioni, P
AF Faraone, Antonio
   Fratini, Emiliano
   Todea, Ana Maria
   Krebs, Bernt
   Mueller, Achim
   Baglioni, Piero
TI Dynamics of Water in Voids between Well-Defined and Densely Packed
   Spherical Nanocages Acting as Polyprotic Inorganic Acids
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SINGLE-PARTICLE DYNAMICS; GLASS-FORMING
   POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED WATER; CONFINED WATER;
   SPIN-ECHO; DIFFUSIVE MOTIONS; HYDRATION WATER; SLOW DYNAMICS
AB Using quasielastic neutron scattering, we have investigated the water dynamics of powders of the compound with the stoichiometry of [Mo(72)Fe(30)O(252)(CH(3)COO)(12)[Mo(2)O(7)(H(2)O)](2)[H(2) Mo(2)O(8)(H(2)O)](H(2)O)(91)]center dot approximate to 150H(2)O. It contains about 150 crystal water molecules in the voids between the spherical {Mo(72)Fe(30)} nanocapsules, which are considered unique polytropic inorganic acids with well-defined hydrophilic surfaces due to the presence of H(2)O and O atoms. It has been proposed that {Mo(72)Fe(30)} can be used as a structurally well-constrained experimental model of oxide mineral surfaces for earth scientists.(I) In this respect, it is of fundamental importance to understand the dynamics of the water molecules at the surface of the nanoclusters. Our measurements show that the dynamics of these water molecules is as expected profoundly different from that of bulk water at the same temperature, especially because of the strong hydrogen bonding between the crystal and cluster surface water molecules. In fact, our data show a non-Debye relaxation behavior. The momentum transfer dependence of the dynamics is close to that expected for a purely diffusive motion. This suggests that the nonexponentiality of the dynamics originates from a distribution of relaxation times, probably related to the different local environments experienced by the water molecules. The dynamics of the crystal water in the voids between the well-defined and arrayed nanocages is significantly slower than that of bulk water at the same temperature that has often been reported for interfacial water. In the investigated range, the temperature dependence of the relaxation time can be described in terms of an Arrhenius law, indicating that the dynamics is triggered by the breaking of the bonds connecting the crystal water molecules with the hydrophilic nanocage surfaces.
C1 [Faraone, Antonio] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
   [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
   [Todea, Ana Maria; Mueller, Achim] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
   [Krebs, Bernt] Univ Munster, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
RP Faraone, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM afaraone@nist.gov; bagglioni@csgi.unifi.it
RI Krebs, Bernt/B-9068-2011; Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Baglioni,
   Piero/B-1208-2011
OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Baglioni,
   Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Consorzio Interuniversitario
   per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI); Ministero
   dell'Istruzione, Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (MIUR); Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft; Fonds der Chemischen Industrie
FX The authors are grateful to J. Copley, G. Gasparovic, V. Garcia-Sakai,
   and T. Jenkins for assistance with the data collection on the DCS and
   HFBS. The authors are also indebted to J. Copley for critical reading of
   the manuscript. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the
   National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. E.F. and P.B.
   acknowledge financial support from the Consorzio Interuniversitario per
   lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI) and the Ministero
   dell'Istruzione, Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (MIUR, Grant
   PRIN-2007). A.M. thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the
   Fonds der Chemischen Industrie for continuous support.
NR 55
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 21
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 20
BP 8635
EP 8644
DI 10.1021/jp809555s
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 446AY
UT WOS:000266093800017
ER

PT J
AU Shaver, J
   Srivastava, A
   Kono, J
   Crooker, SA
   Htoon, H
   Klimov, VI
   Fagan, JA
   Hobbie, EK
   Ubrig, N
   Portugall, O
   Perebeinos, V
   Avouris, PH
AF Shaver, J.
   Srivastava, A.
   Kono, J.
   Crooker, S. A.
   Htoon, H.
   Klimov, V. I.
   Fagan, J. A.
   Hobbie, E. K.
   Ubrig, N.
   Portugall, O.
   Perebeinos, V.
   Avouris, P. H.
TI HIGH FIELD MAGNETO-OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF HIGHLY ALIGNED INDIVIDUAL AND
   ENSEMBLE SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor
   Physics and Nanotechnology
CY AUG 03-08, 2008
CL Sao Pedro, BRAZIL
DE Carbon Nanotubes; Aharonov-Bohm Phase; Excitons; One Dimensionality
ID EXCITONS; ABSORPTION; MAGNETOPHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS;
   ANISOTROPY
AB The tubular nature of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) crystals allows them to exhibit non-intuitive quantum phenomena when threaded by a magnetic flux, which breaks the time reversal symmetry and adds an Aharonov-Bohm phase to the circumferential boundary conditions on the electronic wave function. We demonstrate that such a symmetry-breaking magnetic field can dramatically "brighten" an optically-inactive, or dark, exciton state at low temperature. This phenomenon, magnetic brightening, can be understood as a consequence of interplay between the strong intervalley Coulomb mixing and field-induced lifting of valley degeneracy. Most recently, we made the direct observation of the dark excitonic state in individual SWCNTs using low-temperature micro-photoluminescence (PL) and and verified the importance of a parallel, tube-threading magentic field with ensemble spectroscopy. For micro-PL, a magnetic field up to 5 T, applied along the nanotube axis, brightened the dark state, leading to the emergence of a new emission peak. The peak rapidly grew in intensity with increasing field at the expense of the originally-dominant bright exciton peak and finally became dominant at fields > 3 T. The directly measured dark-bright splitting values were 1-4 meV for tube diameters 1.0-1.3 run. For ensemble PL, we used fields up to 55 T in two collection geometries to demonstrate the importance of the tube-threading component. These experiments have provided one of the most critical tests for recently-proposed theories of 1-D excitons taking into account the strong 1-D Coulomb interactions and unique band structure on an equal footing.
C1 [Shaver, J.; Srivastava, A.; Kono, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
   [Crooker, S. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Htoon, H.; Klimov, V. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Fagan, J. A.; Hobbie, E. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Ubrig, N.; Portugall, O.] Lab Natl Champs Magnet Pulses, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
   [Perebeinos, V.; Avouris, P. H.] IBM Corp, Div Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
RP Kono, J (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
EM kono@rice.edu
RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; Nicolas, Ubrig/N-9997-2014; 
OI Nicolas, Ubrig/0000-0002-1966-4435; Shaver, Jonah/0000-0002-9602-7798;
   Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179;
   Htoon, Han/0000-0003-3696-2896
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0217-9792
J9 INT J MOD PHYS B
JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B
PD MAY 20
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 12-13
BP 2667
EP 2675
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 457FD
UT WOS:000266913000020
ER

PT J
AU Zikos, G
   Yang, K
   Bonesteel, NE
   Hormozi, L
   Simon, SH
AF Zikos, G.
   Yang, K.
   Bonesteel, N. E.
   Hormozi, L.
   Simon, S. H.
TI BRAIDING AND ENTANGLEMENT IN NONABELIAN QUANTUM HALL STATES
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Conference on High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor
   Physics and Nanotechnology
CY AUG 03-08, 2008
CL Sao Pedro, BRAZIL
DE Quantum computation; Quantum Hall effect; Nonabelian statistics
ID LANDAU-LEVEL; SPIN CHAINS; COMPUTATION; ANYONS; MODEL
AB Certain fractional quantum Hall states, including the experimentally observed nu = 5/2 state, and, possibly, the nu = 12/5 state, may have a sufficiently rich form of topological order (i.e. they may be nonabelian) to be useful for quantum information processing. For example, in some cases they may be used for topological quantum computation, an intrinsically fault tolerant form of quantum computation which is carried out by braiding the world lines of quasiparticle excitations in 2+1 dimensional space time. Here we briefly review the relevant properties of nonabelian quantum Hall states and discuss some of the methods we have found for finding specific braiding patterns which can be used to carry out universal quantum computation using them. Recent work on one-dimensional chains of interacting quasiparticles in nonabelian states is also reviewed.
C1 [Zikos, G.; Yang, K.; Bonesteel, N. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
   [Zikos, G.; Yang, K.; Bonesteel, N. E.] Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
   [Hormozi, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Simon, S. H.] Alcatel Lucent, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA.
RP Zikos, G (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
EM bonestee@magnet.fsu.edu
RI Hormozi, Layla/G-6564-2011; Yang, Kun/J-8956-2016
NR 31
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0217-9792
J9 INT J MOD PHYS B
JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B
PD MAY 20
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 12-13
BP 2727
EP 2736
PG 10
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 457FD
UT WOS:000266913000032
ER

PT J
AU Smith, ZK
   Dryer, M
   McKenna-Lawlor, SMP
   Fry, CD
   Deehr, CS
   Sun, W
AF Smith, Z. K.
   Dryer, M.
   McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P.
   Fry, C. D.
   Deehr, C. S.
   Sun, W.
TI Operational validation of HAFv2's predictions of interplanetary shock
   arrivals at Earth: Declining phase of Solar Cycle 23
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPACE WEATHER; WIND; MODELS; EVENTS
AB This is the third in a series of papers showing the performance of the Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry version 2 (HAFv2) model in predicting, in the operational environment, the arrival of interplanetary shocks at Earth. The first and second studies covered the time of the rise and maximum of Solar Cycle 23. This study covers the declining phase, through December 2006. The prediction of shock arrivals is important in space weather applications because these events are often followed by geomagnetic disturbances that disrupt human technologies. The HAFv2 uses, for input, a continuously updating background solar wind onto which transient events (interplanetary shocks) are superimposed whenever near-real-time observations are reported of a metric type II radio burst and/or a halo or partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME). Supporting inputs are obtained from GOES 1-8 angstrom X-ray data and solar images. We present the performance of the model in standard meteorological forecast metrics and compare the accuracy of the three phases of Solar Cycle 23. We find that the accuracy of the model is consistent between the three periods. For this third phase, we show the added confidence in model predictions provided by the presence of halo/partial halo observations. Halo/partial halo CMEs were found to accompany approximately one half of the events. The predictions of this subset of events have a higher level of confidence and success. Thus the observation of a large CME should not be a requirement for a forecast but rather an indication that when one is observed, the confidence in the prediction is greatly increased.
C1 [Smith, Z. K.; Dryer, M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Fry, C. D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
   [McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P.] Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.
RP Smith, ZK (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM zdenka.smith@noaa.gov
RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012
FU National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC); U.S. Air Force; Air Force
   Weather Agency's Solar Electro-Optical Network
FX We thank the ACE instrument teams for making their data available to the
   community and the SOHO/MDI instrument team for the helioseismology data
   (SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA).
   We also thank the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) for the
   archived data and the U.S. Air Force, Air Force Weather Agency's Solar
   Electro-Optical Network, and Radio Solar Telescope Network observing
   stations for their realtime solar radio spectrographic shock speed
   estimates. M. D. acknowledges the hospitality of the NOAA Space Weather
   Prediction Center. We thank Alysha Reinard and the two reviewers for
   their helpful suggestions and comments.
NR 21
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY 20
PY 2009
VL 114
AR A05106
DI 10.1029/2008JA013836
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 449YD
UT WOS:000266366100002
ER

PT J
AU Wu, H
   Zhou, W
   Wang, K
   Udovic, TJ
   Rush, JJ
   Yildirim, T
   Bendersky, LA
   Gross, AF
   Van Atta, SL
   Vajo, JJ
   Pinkerton, FE
   Meyer, MS
AF Wu, Hui
   Zhou, Wei
   Wang, Ke
   Udovic, Terrence J.
   Rush, John J.
   Yildirim, Taner
   Bendersky, Leonid A.
   Gross, Adam F.
   Van Atta, Sky L.
   Vajo, John J.
   Pinkerton, Frederick E.
   Meyer, Martin S.
TI Size effects on the hydrogen storage properties of nanoscaffolded
   Li3BN2H8
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ALUMINUM HYDRIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX HYDRIDES; AMMONIA BORANE;
   RELEASE; DESORPTION; KINETICS; CARBON; LIB0.33N0.67H2.67; NANOPARTICLES
AB The use of Li3BN2H8 complex hydride as a practical hydrogen storage material is limited by its high desorption temperature and poor reversibility. While certain catalysts have been shown to decrease the dehydrogenation temperature, no significant improvement in reversibility has been reported thus far. In this study, we demonstrated that tuning the particle size to the nanometer scale by infiltration into nanoporous carbon scaffolds leads to dramatic improvements in the reversibility of Li3BN2H8. Possible changes in the dehydrogenation path were also observed in the nanoscaffolded hydride.
C1 [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Wang, Ke; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Gross, Adam F.; Van Atta, Sky L.; Vajo, John J.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA.
   [Pinkerton, Frederick E.; Meyer, Martin S.] Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA.
RP Wu, H (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM huiwu@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Wang, Ke/C-8021-2011;
   yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; 
FU DOE [AI-01-05EE11104, DE-FC36-05GO15067, DE-FG02-08ER46522]
FX This work was partially supported by DOE through EERE Grant No.
   DE-AI-01-05EE11104 (TJU), Contract No. DE-FC36-05GO15067 (AFG, SLV, and
   JJV), and BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (TY).
NR 31
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 3
U2 25
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD MAY 20
PY 2009
VL 20
IS 20
AR 204002
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/20/204002
PG 7
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 438BR
UT WOS:000265531400003
PM 19420650
ER

PT J
AU Liao, WL
   Dodder, NG
   Mast, N
   Pikuleva, IA
   Turko, IV
AF Liao, Wei-Li
   Dodder, Nathan G.
   Mast, Natalia
   Pikuleva, Irina A.
   Turko, Illarion V.
TI Steroid and Protein Ligand Binding to Cytochrome P450 46A1 as Assessed
   by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange and Mass Spectrometry
SO BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MALDI-TOF MS; HYDROGEN/DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; H/D EXCHANGE; CHOLESTEROL
   HOMEOSTASIS; ACTIVATION; THROMBIN; DYNAMICS; BRAIN; SPECIFICITY;
   SELECTION
AB Cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) is a key enzyme responsible for cholesterol elimination from the brain. This P450 can interact with different steroid substrates and protein redox partners. We utilized hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange mass spectrometry for investigating CYP46A1-ligand interactions. First, we tested the applicability of the H-D exchange methodology and assessed the amide proton exchange in substrate-free and cholesterol-sulfate-bound P450. The results showed good correspondence to the available crystal structures and prompted investigation of the CYP46A1 interactions with the two steroid substrates cholesterol and 24S-hydroxycholesterol and the protein redox partner adrenodoxin (Adx). Compared to substrate-free P450, four peptides in cholesterol-bound CYP46A1 (65-80, 109-116, 151-164, and 351-361) and eight peptides in 24S-hydroxycholesterol-bound enzyme (50-64, 65-80, 109-116, 117-125, 129-143, 151-164, 260-270, and 364373) showed altered deuterium incorporation. Most of these peptides constitute the enzyme active site, whereas the 351-361 peptide is from the region putatively interacting with the redox partner Adx. This also defines the proximal (presumably water) channel that opens in CYP46A1 upon substrate binding. Reciprocal studies of Adx binding to substrate-free and cholesterol-sulfate-bound CYP46A1 revealed changes in the deuteration of the Adx-binding site 144-150 and 351-361 peptides, active site 225-239 and 301-313 peptides, and in the 265-276 peptide, whose functional role is not yet known. The data obtained provide structural insights into how substrate and redox partner binding are coordinated and linked to the hydration of the enzyme active site.
C1 [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   [Liao, Wei-Li; Dodder, Nathan G.; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Mast, Natalia; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
EM turko@umbi.umd.edu
RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015
OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767
FU National Institutes of Health [GM062882, AG024336]; Research to Prevent
   Blindness Foundation
FX This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes
   of Health GM062882 and AG024336 (to I.A.P.) and by the Jules and Doris
   Stein Professorship from Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation (to
   I.A.P.).
NR 40
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0006-2960
J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US
JI Biochemistry
PD MAY 19
PY 2009
VL 48
IS 19
BP 4150
EP 4158
DI 10.1021/bi900168m
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 445JP
UT WOS:000266047400014
PM 19317426
ER

PT J
AU Wild, M
   Truessel, B
   Ohmura, A
   Long, CN
   Konig-Langlo, G
   Dutton, EG
   Tsvetkov, A
AF Wild, Martin
   Truessel, Barbara
   Ohmura, Atsumu
   Long, Charles N.
   Koenig-Langlo, Gert
   Dutton, Ellsworth G.
   Tsvetkov, Anatoly
TI Global dimming and brightening: An update beyond 2000
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE SOLAR-RADIATION; EARTHS SURFACE; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; CHINA;
   CLIMATE; BUDGET; REDUCTIONS; AEROSOLS; NETWORK
AB This study investigates recent variations in downwelling surface solar radiation inferred from a comprehensive set of ground-based observational records updated for the period 2000-2005. Surface radiation data beyond the year 2000 are particularly interesting as they provide independent and complementary information to the ambitious satellite programs which became operational with the beginning of the new millennium. The surface records suggest a continuation of the surface solar brightening beyond 2000 at numerous stations in Europe and the United States, as well as parts of east Asia ( Korea). Surface solar radiation variations in Europe after 2000 are dominated by a large positive anomaly in the year 2003 with its unprecedented summer heat wave, exceeding 10 Wm(-2) on an annual and 20 Wm(-2) on a summer mean basis in central Europe. The brightening seen at sites in Antarctica during the 1990s, influenced by a recovery from the low atmospheric transparency after the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption in 1991, fades after 2000. The brightening tendency also seems to level off at sites in Japan. In China there is some indication for a renewed dimming, after the stabilization in the 1990s. A continuation of the long-lasting dimming is also noted at the sites in India. Overall, the available data suggest continuation of the brightening beyond the year 2000 at numerous locations, yet less pronounced and coherent than during the 1990s, with more regions with no clear changes or declines. Therefore, globally, greenhouse warming after 2000 may be less modulated by surface solar variations than in prior decades.
C1 [Wild, Martin; Truessel, Barbara; Ohmura, Atsumu] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Long, Charles N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Dutton, Ellsworth G.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Koenig-Langlo, Gert] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany.
   [Tsvetkov, Anatoly] AI Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, World Radiat Data Ctr, St Petersburg 194018, Russia.
RP Wild, M (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM martin.wild@env.ethz.ch
RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012; Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012
OI Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107
FU Swiss National Science Foundation
FX This study is supported by the National Center for Competence in Climate
   Research (NCCR Climate) sponsored by the Swiss National Science
   Foundation. The first author would particularly like to thank C. Schar
   for his ongoing support. Guido Muller is highly acknowledged for his
   efforts to transfer the data updates into the GEBA database. C. N. Long
   acknowledges the support of the Climate Change Research Division of the
   U. S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation
   Measurement (ARM) program. K. Makowski., M. Chiacchio, D. Folini, and M.
   Hakuba are acknowledged for proofreading of the manuscript.
NR 49
TC 87
Z9 89
U1 5
U2 44
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 16
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D00D13
DI 10.1029/2008JD011382
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 446DJ
UT WOS:000266100300002
ER

PT J
AU Worthy, DEJ
   Chan, E
   Ishizawa, M
   Chan, D
   Poss, C
   Dlugokencky, EJ
   Maksyutov, S
   Levin, I
AF Worthy, Douglas E. J.
   Chan, Elton
   Ishizawa, Misa
   Chan, Douglas
   Poss, Christian
   Dlugokencky, Edward J.
   Maksyutov, Shamil
   Levin, Ingeborg
TI Decreasing anthropogenic methane emissions in Europe and Siberia
   inferred from continuous carbon dioxide and methane observations at
   Alert, Canada
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GROWTH-RATE; CLIMATE;
   MODEL
AB The rate of increase in global atmospheric methane (CH4) abundance has steadily declined since the late 1980s with near zero increase from 1999 through 2006. At the Canadian Baseline Observatory at Alert, Canada (82 degrees 28'N, 62 degrees 30'W), continuous measurements of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) have been made since 1987. During winter, both gases are frequently highly correlated during well-defined episodes lasting from 2 to 5 days. We observe a gradual decrease in the ratios of CH4/CO2 during these episodes from similar to 16 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) to similar to 12 ppb CH4 (ppm of CO2)(-1) over the entire record. An atmospheric transport model with prescribed CO2 and CH4 source distributions is used to partition simulated CH4 events into contributions by region. We show that anthropogenic emissions from Europe and Siberia account for more than 85% of the CO2 and CH4 enhancements simulated at Alert, but without a change in CH4 emissions, modeled CH4/CO2 ratios remain constant. To reproduce the observed trend in the ratio of CH4/CO2, the model requires a reduction in emissions of CH4 on the order of 30 Tg (13.6 to 33.4 Tg) in Europe and Siberia over the observational period. This is about twice the drop reported by the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emissions inventory and large enough to account for the leveling off of the global atmospheric CH4 burden observed over the past 20 years.
C1 [Worthy, Douglas E. J.; Chan, Elton; Chan, Douglas] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
   [Dlugokencky, Edward J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Poss, Christian; Levin, Ingeborg] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
   [Maksyutov, Shamil] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
RP Worthy, DEJ (reprint author), Environm Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
EM doug.worthy@ec.gc.ca
RI Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011
OI Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577
NR 29
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 16
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D10301
DI 10.1029/2008JD011239
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 446DJ
UT WOS:000266100300001
ER

PT J
AU Campbell, WH
AF Campbell, Wallace H.
TI Natural magnetic disturbance fields, not precursors, preceding the Loma
   Prieta earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IONOSPHERIC ABSORPTION; MICROPULSATIONS; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA;
   MECHANISMS; EPICENTER
AB Available records of the magnetic indices Dst and ap together with standard observatory recordings of 1-min field levels were examined for the period preceding the earthquake of October 1989, centered near Loma Prieta, California. The magnetic records showed that the Fraser-Smith et al. (1990) report claiming the existence of a 100-s (ultralow frequency) geomagnetic field precursor signal at Corralitos, California, foretelling a nearby earthquake is not valid. My study shows that the Stanford ULF signal was not local but rather widespread throughout the western United States and, therefore, expected to be due to a coincidental geomagnetic solar-terrestrial disturbance field.
C1 NOAA, NGDC, Solar Terr Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Campbell, WH (reprint author), NOAA, NGDC, Solar Terr Phys Div, 3030 Galena Way, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM whcampbell@toast.net
NR 27
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY 16
PY 2009
VL 114
AR A05307
DI 10.1029/2008JA013932
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 446EJ
UT WOS:000266103100001
ER

PT J
AU Rhoderick, GC
   Thorn, WJ
   Miller, WR
   Guenther, FR
   Gore, EJ
   Fish, TO
AF Rhoderick, George C.
   Thorn, William J., III
   Miller, Walter R., Jr.
   Guenther, Franklin R.
   Gore, Eric J.
   Fish, Timothy O.
TI Gas Standards Development in Support of NASA's Sensor Calibration
   Program Around the Space Shuttle
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MASS-SPECTROMETER SYSTEM
AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center (KSC) requires accurate gas mixtures containing argon (Ar), helium (He), hydrogen (HA and oxygen (O(2)) in a balance of nitrogen (N(2)) to calibrate mass spectrometer-based sensors used around their manned and unmanned space vehicles. This also includes space shuttle monitoring around the launch area and inside the shuttle cabin. NASA was in need of these gas mixtures to ensure the safety of the shuttle cabin and the launch system. In 1993, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was contracted by NASA to develop a suite of primary standard mixtures (PSMs) containing helium, hydrogen, argon, and oxygen in a balance gas of nitrogen. NIST proceeded to develop a suite of 20 new gravimetric primary PSMs. At the same time NIST contracted Scott Specialty Gases (Plumstead-ville, PA) to prepare 18 cylinder gas mixtures which were then sent to NIST. NIST used their newly prepared PSMs to assign concentration values ranging from 100 to 10 000 mu mol/mol with relative expanded uncertainties (95% confidence interval) of 0.8-10% to the 18 Scott Specialty Gases prepared mixtures. A total of 12 of the mixtures were sent to NASA as NIST traceable standards for calibration of their mass spectrometers. The remaining 6 AIRGAS mixtures were retained at NIST. In 2006, these original 12 gas standards at NASA had become low in pressure and additionally NASA needed a lower concentration level; therefore, NIST was contracted to certify three new sets of gas standards. NIST prepared a new suite of 22 PSMs with weighing uncertainties of <0.1%. These 22 PSMs were compared to some of the original 20 PSMs developed in 1993 and with the NIST valued assigned Scott Specialty Gas mixtures that NIST had retained. Results between the two suites of primary standards and the 1993 NASA mixtures agreed, verifying their stability. At the same time, NASA contracted AIRGAS (Chicago, Illinois) to prepare 45 cylinder gas mixtures which were then sent to NIST. Each of the 3 sets of standards contained 15 cylinder gas mixtures: set no. 1, He at 12 000 mu mol/mol, H(2) at 600 mu mol/mol, Ar at 100 mu mol/mol, and O(2) at 600 mu mol/mol; set no. 2, He at 15 000 mu mol/mol, H(2) at 5000 mu mol/mol, Ar at 1000 mu mol/mol, O(2) at 5000 mu mol/mol; and set no. 3, He at 50 mu mol/mol, H(2), Ar, and O(2) each at 25 mu mol/mol with a balance gas of N(2). NIST used their newly prepared primary standards to assign concentration values to each component in these three new mixture sets to relative expanded uncertainties of 0.5-2.2%. The NIST certified AIRGAS prepared mixtures were then sent to NASA to use as "working standards" to calibrate their mass spectrometers (MSs).
C1 [Rhoderick, George C.; Thorn, William J., III; Miller, Walter R., Jr.; Guenther, Franklin R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Gore, Eric J.; Fish, Timothy O.] NASA Hazardous Warning Syst, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 81
IS 10
BP 3809
EP 3815
DI 10.1021/ac900168g
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 446BL
UT WOS:000266095100014
PM 19344177
ER

PT J
AU Gornakov, VS
   Tikhomirov, OA
   Lee, CG
   Jung, JG
   Egelhoff, WF
AF Gornakov, V. S.
   Tikhomirov, O. A.
   Lee, C. G.
   Jung, J. G.
   Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.
TI Thickness and annealing temperature dependences of magnetization
   reversal and domain structures in exchange biased Co/Ir-Mn bilayers
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE annealing; antiferromagnetic materials; cobalt; coercive force; exchange
   interactions (electron); ferromagnetic materials; iridium alloys;
   magnetic domain walls; magnetic multilayers; magnetic structure;
   magnetic thin films; magnetisation reversal; manganese alloys;
   nucleation; texture; X-ray diffraction
ID THIN-FILMS; UNIDIRECTIONAL ANISOTROPY; SYSTEMS; NIO; ANTIFERROMAGNET;
   MECHANISMS; NUCLEATION; MICROSCOPY; INTERFACES; SUBSTRATE
AB Domain structure and magnetization reversal process of exchange-coupled ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayers Co(x)/Ir-Mn(10 nm) were studied as a function of both thickness of the Co layer and annealing temperature. The exchange bias field of the thinnest film and the coercive field of the thicker films show monotonic increase at annealing temperature above 250 degrees C. In every case the bilayers are remagnetized by domain nucleation and domain wall motion. Domain size decreases rapidly for high annealing temperatures, while x-ray diffraction study indicated that the crystallographic texture did not change significantly. The observed features are discussed taking into account the magnetic structure at the interface and its evolution during annealing.
C1 [Gornakov, V. S.; Tikhomirov, O. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
   [Lee, C. G.] Changwon Natl Univ, Chang Won 641773, Gyeongnam, South Korea.
   [Jung, J. G.] Siltron Inc, Gumi 730724, Gyeonbuk, South Korea.
   [Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gornakov, VS (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
EM tikhomir@issp.ac.ru
FU Russian Fund for Fundamental Research [08-02-01268]; Korea Foundation
   for International Cooperation of Science and Technology (KICOS); Korean
   Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) in 2007
   [K20732000001]
FX This work was supported in part by the Russian Fund for Fundamental
   Research ( Grant No. 08-02-01268) and by the Korea Foundation for
   International Cooperation of Science and Technology (KICOS) through a
   grant provided by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and
   Technology (MEST) in 2007 (Grant No. K20732000001).
NR 61
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 105
IS 10
AR 103917
DI 10.1063/1.3130411
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 451VX
UT WOS:000266500100123
ER

PT J
AU Green, ML
   Allen, AJ
   Jordan-Sweet, JL
   Ilavsky, J
AF Green, M. L.
   Allen, A. J.
   Jordan-Sweet, J. L.
   Ilavsky, J.
TI Annealing behavior of atomic layer deposited HfO2 films studied by
   synchrotron x-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence small angle
   scattering
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE annealing; atomic layer deposition; crystal microstructure; dielectric
   thin films; diffusion; hafnium compounds; nanostructured materials;
   porosity; surface roughness; X-ray reflection
ID GATE DIELECTRIC LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES;
   MICROELECTRONICS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; BEAMLINE; SILICON; SIO2
AB New results are presented for the annealing behavior of ultrathin complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) gate dielectric HfO2 films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). A series of ALD HfO2 dielectric films has been studied by a combination of x-ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements. By using these techniques together, we have shown that the surface, interfaces, and internal structure of thin ALD films can be characterized with unprecedented sensitivity. Changes in film thickness, film roughness, or diffuseness of the film/substrate interface as measured by XRR are correlated with the corresponding changes in the internal film nanostructure, as measured by GISAXS. Although the films are dense, an internal film structure is shown to exist, attributed primarily to approximate to 2 nm "missing island" porosity features close to the substrate; these are most likely associated with coalescence defects as a result of initial ALD growth, as they are not observed in the upper regions of the film. Some 8-9 nm heterogeneities are also present, which may indicate a widespread modulation in the film density pervading the entire film volume, and which likely also give rise to surface roughness. Comparison of the data between different scattering geometries and among a carefully designed sequence of samples has enabled important insights to be derived for the annealing behavior of the ALD HfO2 films. The main effects of single, brief, high temperature excursions to above 900 degrees C are to anneal out some of the fine voids and reduce the mean roughness and interfacial diffuseness of the film. These changes are indicative of densification. However, depending on the film thickness, the annealing behavior at temperatures between 650 and 800 degrees C is quite different for single excursion and cyclic anneals. Particularly for thin, just-coalesced films, XRR indicates marked increases in the film thickness and in the mean roughness/diffuseness dimension for cyclic anneals. GISAXS also shows an increase, rather than a reduction, in the void microstructure under these conditions. These changes in the film microstructure appear sufficient to overcome the expected film densification at elevated temperatures with implications for the gate dielectric performance of the films after extended high temperature exposure and cycling, as may occur during gate dielectric fabrication.
C1 [Green, M. L.; Allen, A. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Jordan-Sweet, J. L.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
   [Ilavsky, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Green, ML (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM martin.green@nist.gov
RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 29
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 105
IS 10
AR 103522
DI 10.1063/1.3125510
PG 11
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 451VX
UT WOS:000266500100091
ER

PT J
AU Uhlig, WC
   Donahue, MJ
   Pierce, DT
   Unguris, J
AF Uhlig, W. C.
   Donahue, M. J.
   Pierce, D. T.
   Unguris, J.
TI Direct imaging of current-driven domain walls in ferromagnetic
   nanostripes
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ferromagnetic materials; iron alloys; magnetic domain walls;
   nanostructured materials; nickel alloys; scanning electron microscopy;
   vortices
ID SPIN-POLARIZED CURRENT; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; PULSED-CURRENT; MOTION;
   PROPAGATION; MULTILAYERS; NANOWIRES; STRIPS; MEMORY; FORCE
AB To better understand the response of domain walls to current-induced spin transfer torques, we have directly imaged the internal magnetic structure of domain walls in current-carrying ferromagnetic nanostripes. Domain wall images were acquired both while a constant current was flowing through the wire, and after applying current pulses. Domain walls ranging from vortex walls in wide (1 mu m) wires to transverse walls in narrow (100 nm) wires were quantitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis. The domain wall motion is characterized by strong interactions with random pinning sites along the wire. The walls either jump with the electron flow between pinning sites, or the pinned walls are distorted by the current. The domain wall propagation is also associated with transverse motion of the vortex core.
C1 [Uhlig, W. C.; Donahue, M. J.; Pierce, D. T.; Unguris, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Uhlig, WC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
EM john.unguris@nist.gov
RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014
FU Office of Naval Research
FX The authors thank Mark Stiles, Hongki Min, and Robert McMichael for many
   helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Office of
   Naval Research. Research performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale
   Science and Technology.
NR 50
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 105
IS 10
AR 103902
DI 10.1063/1.3125526
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 451VX
UT WOS:000266500100108
ER

PT J
AU Hotta, Y
   Komatsu, K
   Wang, FW
AF Hotta, Yasuhiro
   Komatsu, Koichi
   Wang, Francis W.
TI Novel Fluorescence Method for Cure Monitoring of Hydrosilation-Curable
   Silicones
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE curing of polymers; dental polymers; fluorescence; modulus; silicones
ID PROBES; POLYMERIZATION; METHACRYLATE
AB This study aimed to evaluate a reactive fluorescent probe, 9,10-bis-(phenylethynyl) anthracene (BPEA), for cure monitoring of hydrosilation-curable silicones. The hydrosilation-curable silicones consisted of a vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer, a methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, and an inhibitor, 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane. The hydrosilation reaction was catalyzed with the solution of a platinum catalyst in the prepolymer. The catalyst solution also contained a trace amount of the reactive fluorescent probe. Three hydrosilation-curable silicones, with the prepolymer of varying molar mass, were investigated. Each of the hydrosilation-curable silicones was mixed with the catalyst solution at the mass ratio of 1:1 to initiate the cure. During the cure of each mixture at 22 degrees C, the elastic modulus of the mixture and the fluorescence spectrum of the probe at the excitation wavelength of 360 nm were measured. Initially, the elastic modulus changed slowly, but then increased, rapidly as a result of the increase in molar mass. The elastic modulus, leveled off and reached a plateau value at the setting time. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities at 422 and 466 nm increased steadily, and then leveled off and reached a plateau value at the setting time, in agreement with the setting time determined from the change in elastic modulus. The reactive,e fluorescent probe, BPEA, can therefore be used for non-destructive,e fluorescence monitoring of hydrosilation-curable silicones. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 112: 2441-2444, 2009
C1 [Hotta, Yasuhiro; Komatsu, Koichi; Wang, Francis W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Hotta, Yasuhiro] Showa Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biomat & Technol, Tokyo 142, Japan.
   [Komatsu, Koichi] Nihon Univ, Sch Dent Matsudo, Dept Dent Mat, Chiba, Japan.
RP Wang, FW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM francis.wang@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 9
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0021-8995
J9 J APPL POLYM SCI
JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 112
IS 4
BP 2441
EP 2444
DI 10.1002/app.29745
PG 4
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 422TB
UT WOS:000264449500069
ER

PT J
AU Wallace, BP
   Avens, L
   Braun-McNeill, J
   McClellan, CM
AF Wallace, Bryan P.
   Avens, Larisa
   Braun-McNeill, Joanne
   McClellan, Catherine M.
TI The diet composition of immature loggerheads: Insights on trophic niche,
   growth rates, and fisheries interactions
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fishery interactions; Marine turtles; Omnivory; Stable isotopes; Trophic
   niche
ID TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF;
   SEA-TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; PROXIMATE; ECOLOGY; DISCRIMINATION;
   ASSUMPTIONS; DELTA-N-15
AB For immature animals, diet quality and composition influence expression of life history traits such as growth rates and ultimately life stage duration and age to maturity. Circumglobally distributed loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) exhibit a multi-decade immature stage that generally occupies neritic habitats and is characterized by slow growth and an omnivorous diet. Although adult nesting populations are geographically distinct, foraging areas for immature loggerheads show a high degree of mixing of individuals that originate from multiple nesting stocks. Furthermore, despite their generalist foraging ecology, immature loggerheads have been observed to supplement their natural diets with fish from fishery discards and/or caught in fishing gear. However, whether trophic opportunism results in variation in loggerhead growth rates within or among feeding areas has not been investigated. In Core Sound, North Carolina (NC), USA, immature loggerheads demonstrate highly variable size-specific growth rates, in contrast to other studies that report discernible somatic growth functions in immature marine turtles. To determine whether inter-individual variation in growth rates at this site was due to variation in diet composition, and specifically variation in consumption of fish, we analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of loggerhead blood plasma and of tissue samples of putative loggerhead prey, as well as commercially important fish species. Our results indicated that growth rates were not related to trophic levels at which individual turtles fed, but rather probably reflected inter-individual variation in overwintering or foraging behavior (i.e. nearshore vs. offshore). Furthermore, loggerhead diets were highly diverse, and comprised mainly blue crabs and/or whelks, as well as small proportions of cannonball jellies. Fish were unimportant dietary components for loggerheads. Although loggerheads in NC do not appear to feed on fish catch or discards, immature turtles showed dietary preferences for prey items that are also valuable to or are commonly taken as bycatch in commercial fisheries (e.g. blue crabs and whelks, respectively) in the region. Thus, the status of these prey items/fishery stocks as well as trends in loggerhead populations should be monitored to mitigate potential competitive interactions between fisheries activities and loggerhead turtles. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
   [Wallace, Bryan P.; McClellan, Catherine M.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   [Avens, Larisa; Braun-McNeill, Joanne] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Wallace, BP (reprint author), Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, 2011 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
EM b.wallace@conservation.org
FU Oak Foundation; Duke Marine Laboratory
FX We thank several people for their participation in sample collection,
   processing, and analyses, including A. Goodman, L Goshe, C. Currin, A.
   Hilting, A. Houston, T. Wohlford, L. Goodwin, P. Goodwin, and J. Karr.
   B.P.W. was partially supported by Project GloBAL, and C.M. M. was
   supported by the Oak Foundation and Duke Marine Laboratory. We thank J.
   Seminoff, P. Marraro, C. Currin, L Hansen, G.B. Martin, S. Epperly, A.
   Chester, G. Hays and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments
   that improved the manuscript. [SS]
NR 57
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 5
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 373
IS 1
BP 50
EP 57
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.03.006
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 448IL
UT WOS:000266256200007
ER

PT J
AU Huang, WT
   Chu, XZ
   Wiig, J
   Tan, B
   Yamashita, C
   Yuan, T
   Yue, J
   Harrell, SD
   She, CY
   Williams, BP
   Friedman, JS
   Hardesty, RM
AF Huang, Wentao
   Chu, Xinzhao
   Wiig, Johannes
   Tan, Bo
   Yamashita, Chihoko
   Yuan, T.
   Yue, J.
   Harrell, S. D.
   She, C. -Y.
   Williams, B. P.
   Friedman, J. S.
   Hardesty, R. M.
TI Field demonstration of simultaneous wind and temperature measurements
   from 5 to 50 km with a Na double-edge magneto-optic filter in a
   multi-frequency Doppler lidar
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We report the first (to our knowledge) field demonstration of simultaneous wind and temperature measurements with a Na double-edge magneto-optic filter implemented in the receiver of a three-frequency Na Doppler lidar. Reliable winds and temperatures were obtained in the altitude range of 10-45 km with I km resolution and 60 min integration under the conditions of 0.4 W lidar power and 75 cm telescope aperture. This edge filter with a multi-frequency lidar concept can be applied to other direct-detection Doppler lidars for profiling both wind and temperature simultaneously from the lower to the upper atmosphere. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
C1 [Huang, Wentao; Chu, Xinzhao; Wiig, Johannes; Tan, Bo; Yamashita, Chihoko] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Yuan, T.; Yue, J.; Harrell, S. D.; She, C. -Y.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Williams, B. P.] NW Res Associates Inc, Colorado Res Associates, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
   [Friedman, J. S.] Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA.
   [Hardesty, R. M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Chu, XZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 216 UCB,CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Xinzhao.Chu@Colorado.edu
RI Friedman, Jonathan/E-4985-2011; Yue, Jia/D-8177-2011; Hardesty,
   Robert/H-9844-2013; Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015
OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-9353-2377; Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963
FU CIRES Innovative Research Program; National Science Foundation (NSF)
   [ATM-0545353, ATM-0545262, ATM-0545221, ATM-0645584, ATM-0723229]
FX This research is supported by the CIRES Innovative Research Program, the
   National Science Foundation (NSF) ATM-0545353, ATM-0545262, and
   ATM-0545221, NSF CAREER ATM-0645584, and NSF ATM-0723229.
NR 6
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 7
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 10
BP 1552
EP 1554
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 458YB
UT WOS:000267064500021
PM 19448818
ER

PT J
AU Braje, D
   Hollberg, L
   Diddams, S
AF Braje, Danielle
   Hollberg, Leo
   Diddams, Scott
TI Brillouin-Enhanced Hyperparametric Generation of an Optical Frequency
   Comb in a Monolithic Highly Nonlinear Fiber Cavity Pumped by a cw Laser
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR
AB We demonstrate self-seeded generation of a broadband comb in a highly nonlinear fiber resonator. When pumped with a cw laser, the fiber cavity generates a comb with two characteristic spacings. Hyperparametric modes spaced by similar to 2 THz create the base structure of the comb, while commensurate Brillouin modes spaced by similar to 10 GHz populate the intermediate frequency gaps. The frequency modes are coherent, and the repetition rate of the comb has been locked to a microwave standard.
C1 [Braje, Danielle; Hollberg, Leo; Diddams, Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Braje, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM braje@stanfordalumni.org
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
NR 28
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 3
U2 23
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 19
AR 193902
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.193902
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 447QU
UT WOS:000266207700026
PM 19518952
ER

PT J
AU Costa, BM
   Battista, TA
   Pittman, SJ
AF Costa, B. M.
   Battista, T. A.
   Pittman, S. J.
TI Comparative evaluation of airborne LiDAR and ship-based multibeam SoNAR
   bathymetry and intensity for mapping coral reef ecosystems
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE LiDAR; Laser altimetry; Multibeam SoNAR; MBES; Bathymetry; Intensity;
   Backscatter; Coral reef ecosystems; Benthic habitat mapping;
   Morphometrics
ID GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BISCAYNE NATIONAL-PARK; MARINE-SEDIMENTS;
   BACKSCATTER; FLORIDA; ATTENUATION; RESOLUTION; HABITATS; RUGOSITY; TRACT
AB Large areas of the world's coastal marine environments remain poorly characterized because they have not been mapped with sufficient accuracy and at spatial resolutions high enough to support a wide range of societal needs. Expediting the rate of seafloor mapping requires the collection of multi-use datasets that concurrently address hydrographic charting needs and support decision-making in ecosystem-based management. While active optical and acoustic sensors have previously been compared for the purpose of hydrographic charting, few studies have evaluated the performance and cost effectiveness of these systems for providing benthic habitat maps. Bathymetric and intensity data were collected in shallow water (<50 m depth) coral reef ecosystems using two conventional remote sensing technologies: (1) airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and (2) ship-based multibeam (MBES) Sound Navigation and Ranging (SoNAR). A comparative assessment using a suite of twelve metrics demonstrated that LiDAR and MBES were equally capable of discriminating seafloor topography (r = >0.9), although LiDAR depths were found to be consistently shallower than MBES depths. The intensity datasets were not significantly correlated at a broad 4 x 5 km spatial scale (r = -0.11), but were moderately correlated in flat areas at a fine 4 x 500 m spatial scale (r = 0.51), indicating that the LiDAR intensity algorithm needs to be improved before LiDAR intensity surfaces can be used for habitat mapping. LiDAR cost 6.6% less than MBES and required 40 fewer hours to map the same study area. MBES provided more detail about the seafloor by fully ensonifying high-relief features, by differentiating between fine and coarse sediments and by collecting data with higher spatial resolutions. Surface fractal dimensions and fast Fourier transformations emerged as useful methods for detecting artifacts in the datasets. Overall, LiDAR provided a more cost effective alternative to MBES for mapping and monitoring shallow water coral reef ecosystems (<50 m depth), although the unique advantages of MBES may make it a more appropriate choice for answering certain ecological or geological questions requiring very high resolution data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Costa, B. M.; Battista, T. A.; Pittman, S. J.] NOAA, NOS, CCMA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Pittman, S. J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA.
RP Costa, BM (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, CCMA, Biogeog Branch, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM bryan.costa@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program
FX The authors would like to thank NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program
   for their continued support of the CCMA Biogeography Branch's effort to
   characterize coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. Caribbean. We also thank
   Matthew Kendall and the three anonymous reviewers for their help in
   refining this manuscript.
NR 51
TC 45
Z9 47
U1 8
U2 39
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 5
BP 1082
EP 1100
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.015
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 440QY
UT WOS:000265716000017
ER

PT J
AU Miller, DL
   Kubista, KD
   Rutter, GM
   Ruan, M
   de Heer, WA
   First, PN
   Stroscio, JA
AF Miller, David L.
   Kubista, Kevin D.
   Rutter, Gregory M.
   Ruan, Ming
   de Heer, Walt A.
   First, Phillip N.
   Stroscio, Joseph A.
TI Observing the Quantization of Zero Mass Carriers in Graphene
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; DIRAC-FERMIONS; GRAPHITE; GAS
AB Application of a magnetic field to conductors causes the charge carriers to circulate in cyclotron orbits with quantized energies called Landau levels (LLs). These are equally spaced in normal metals and two-dimensional electron gases. In graphene, however, the charge carrier velocity is independent of their energy (like massless photons). Consequently, the LL energies are not equally spaced and include a characteristic zero-energy state (the n = 0 LL). With the use of scanning tunneling spectroscopy of graphene grown on silicon carbide, we directly observed the discrete, non-equally-spaced energy-level spectrum of LLs, including the hallmark zero-energy state of graphene. We also detected characteristic magneto-oscillations in the tunneling conductance and mapped the electrostatic potential of graphene by measuring spatial variations in the energy of the n = 0 LL.
C1 [Miller, David L.; Kubista, Kevin D.; Ruan, Ming; de Heer, Walt A.; First, Phillip N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Rutter, Gregory M.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP First, PN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM first@physics.gatech.edu; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov
FU NSF [ECCS-0804908, ECCS-0521041]; Semiconductor Research Corporation
   Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (INDEX program); W. M. Keck
   Foundation
FX We thank A. MacDonald, H. Min, M. Stiles, and the NIST graphene team for
   valuable comments and discussions and C. Berger, N. Sharma, M. Sprinkle,
   S. Blankenship, A. Band, and F. Hess for their technical contributions
   to this work. Portions of this work were supported by NSF (grant
   ECCS-0804908), the Semiconductor Research Corporation Nanoelectronics
   Research Initiative (INDEX program), and the W. M. Keck Foundation.
   Graphene production facilities were developed under NSF grant
   ECCS-0521041.
NR 31
TC 271
Z9 276
U1 11
U2 97
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 324
IS 5929
BP 924
EP 927
DI 10.1126/science.1171810
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 445KD
UT WOS:000266048800034
PM 19443780
ER

PT J
AU Huang, XL
   Zhang, JZ
AF Huang, Xiao-Lan
   Zhang, Jia-Zhong
TI Neutral persulfate digestion at sub-boiling temperature in an oven for
   total dissolved phosphorus determination in natural waters
SO TALANTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Total dissolved phosphorus; Digestion; Molar absorptivity; Persulfate
   oxidation; pH; Sample matrix; Spectrophotometry
ID FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; PARTICULATE PHOSPHORUS;
   RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; NITROGEN; SAMPLES; QUANTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY;
   PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHATE
AB A simplified, easily performed persulfate digestion method has been developed to process a large number of water samples for routine determination of total dissolved phosphorus. A neutral potassium persulfate solution (5%, w/v, pH similar to 6.5) is added to the samples (at 10mg potassium persulfate per mL of Sample), which are then digested at 90 degrees C in an oven for 16 h. This method does not require pH adjustment after digestion because neither an acid nor a base is added to the samples prior to digestion. The full color of phosphoantimonylmolybdenum blue from the digested samples develops within 8 min. Compared with the autoclave method, digestion at sub-boiling temperatures in an oven is safer, and a large number of samples can be heated overnight requiring no constant monitoring. The apparent molar absorptivity (e) of nine organic phosphorus compounds and two condensed inorganic phosphates ranged from 1.17 x 10(4) to 1.82 x 10(4) Lmol(-1) cm(-1) in both distilled water and artificial seawater matrixes. The average recovery of these phosphorus compounds was 94 +/- 11% for the DIW matrix and 90 +/- 12% for the ASW matrix. No significant difference in molar absorptivity was observed between the undigested and digested phosphate, especially in the seawater matrix. It is, therefore, suggested that a phosphate solution be directly employed without digestion as the calibration standard for routine determination of total dissolved phosphorus. This method was used to study the spatial distribution of total dissolved phosphorus in the surface waters of Florida Bay. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Huang, Xiao-Lan] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Huang, Xiao-Lan; Zhang, Jia-Zhong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM xiaolan.huang@ymail.com
RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Huang, XiaoLan/G-6306-2012; Huang (黄),
   Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/E-9159-2010
OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan
   (晓澜)/0000-0002-3330-4858
FU NOAA; University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration [NA67RJ0149]
FX We thank Ms. Xiaosun Lu for her assistance with statistical analysis and
   Ms. Gail Derr for English editing. Financial support for this study was
   provided by NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program and Climate and Global Change
   Program. This research was carried out, in part, under the auspices of
   the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a
   joint institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA67RJ0149. The
   statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the
   authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S.
   Department of Commerce.
NR 41
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 3
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-9140
EI 1873-3573
J9 TALANTA
JI Talanta
PD MAY 15
PY 2009
VL 78
IS 3
BP 1129
EP 1135
DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.01.029
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 430GJ
UT WOS:000264976600077
PM 19269482
ER

PT J
AU Stabeno, PJ
   Ladd, C
   Reed, RK
AF Stabeno, P. J.
   Ladd, C.
   Reed, R. K.
TI Observations of the Aleutian North Slope Current, Bering Sea, 1996-2001
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; ENVIRONMENT; PACIFIC; EASTERN;
   BASIN; FLOW; TOPEX/POSEIDON; VARIABILITY
AB Cyclonic circulation dominates flow in the Bering Sea basin. The eastward flowing Aleutian North Slope Current (ANSC) flows along the north slope of the Aleutian Islands, turning northwestward in the southeast corner of the basin to form the Bering Slope Current (BSC). During the period 1997 to 2007, a pair of hydrographic lines was occupied 14 times in the southeastern portion of the basin. One transect was across the ANSC, and the second was across the BSC. In addition, a series of five yearlong moorings was deployed in a water depth of 1000 m in the ANSC, and a single yearlong mooring was deployed to the northeast in a water depth of 2200 m. At the primary mooring site, strong variability in temperature and salinity occurred at fortnightly and annual periods, while strong variability in the currents occurred at fortnightly and semiannual periods. The mean geostrophic flow relative to 1500 m, calculated from the 14 occupations of the hydrographic lines, was 3.1 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) in the ANSC and 3.3 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) in the BSC. A significant barotropic component, measured by the current meters, adds similar to 3 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) to the transport.
C1 [Stabeno, P. J.; Ladd, C.; Reed, R. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM stabeno@noaa.gov
RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014
OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X
NR 32
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY 14
PY 2009
VL 114
AR C05015
DI 10.1029/2007JC004705
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 446DS
UT WOS:000266101200001
ER

PT J
AU Bohn, JL
   Cavagnero, M
   Ticknor, C
AF Bohn, J. L.
   Cavagnero, M.
   Ticknor, C.
TI Quasi-universal dipolar scattering in cold and ultracold gases
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLAR-MOLECULES; COLLISIONS; PHYSICS; ATOMS; BOSE
AB We investigate the scattering cross section of aligned dipolar molecules in low-temperature gases. Over a wide range of collision energies relevant to contemporary experiments, the cross section declines in inverse proportion to the collision speed, and is given nearly exactly by a simple semiclassical formula. At yet lower energies, the cross section becomes independent of energy, and is reproduced within the Born approximation to within corrections due to the s-wave scattering length. While these behaviors are universal for all polar molecules, nevertheless interesting deviations from universality are expected to occur in the intermediate energy range.
C1 [Bohn, J. L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Bohn, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Cavagnero, M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
   [Ticknor, C.] Swinburne Univ Technol, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Atom Opt, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia.
   [Ticknor, C.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Atom Opt & Ultrafast Spect, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia.
RP Bohn, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM bohn@murphy.colorado.edu; mike@pa.uky.edu; cticknor@swin.edu.au
RI Ticknor, Christopher/B-8651-2014
FU NSF; ARC; University of Kentucky
FX We acknowledge the financial support from the NSF (J L B), the ARC (C
   T), and the University of Kentucky (M C), and also discussions with D
   DeMille.
NR 41
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 11
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD MAY 14
PY 2009
VL 11
AR 055039
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/5/055039
PG 18
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 448AW
UT WOS:000266234500030
ER

PT J
AU Carr, LD
   DeMille, D
   Krems, RV
   Ye, J
AF Carr, Lincoln D.
   DeMille, David
   Krems, Roman V.
   Ye, Jun
TI Cold and ultracold molecules: science, technology and applications
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT; NONLINEAR
   SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; FREQUENCY COMB SPECTROSCOPY; STOKES-RAMAN
   SCATTERING; GROUND-STATE MOLECULES; QUANTUM KINETIC-THEORY; LONG-RANGE
   MOLECULES; POLAR-MOLECULES; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS
AB This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in the research field of cold and ultracold molecules. It serves as an introduction to the focus issue of New Journal of Physics on Cold and Ultracold Molecules and describes new prospects for fundamental research and technological development. Cold and ultracold molecules may revolutionize physical chemistry and few-body physics, provide techniques for probing new states of quantum matter, allow for precision measurements of both fundamental and applied interest, and enable quantum simulations of condensed-matter phenomena. Ultracold molecules offer promising applications such as new platforms for quantum computing, precise control of molecular dynamics, nanolithography and Bose-enhanced chemistry. The discussion is based on recent experimental and theoretical work and concludes with a summary of anticipated future directions and open questions in this rapidly expanding research field.
C1 [Carr, Lincoln D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [DeMille, David] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   [Krems, Roman V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
   [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Carr, LD (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM lcarr@mines.edu; david.demille@yale.edu; rkrems@chem.ubc.ca;
   Ye@jila.colorado.edu
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Carr, Lincoln/E-3819-2016
OI Carr, Lincoln/0000-0002-4848-7941
FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0547845, DMR-0653377, PHY-0758045];
   DOE; ARO; NSERC of Canada; NIST
FX LDC acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under
   Grant PHY-0547845 as part of the NSF CAREER program. DD acknowledges
   support from NSF (DMR-0653377 and PHY-0758045), DOE and ARO. The work of
   RVK is supported by NSERC of Canada. JY acknowledges support from DOE,
   NIST and NSF and he thanks colleagues at JILA for their collaborations
   on cold and ultracold molecules over the last 9 years.
NR 488
TC 626
Z9 630
U1 16
U2 165
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD MAY 14
PY 2009
VL 11
AR 055049
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/5/055049
PG 87
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 448AW
UT WOS:000266234500040
ER

PT J
AU Kotochigova, S
   Tiesinga, E
   Julienne, PS
AF Kotochigova, Svetlana
   Tiesinga, Eite
   Julienne, Paul S.
TI Multi-channel modelling of the formation of vibrationally cold polar KRb
   molecules
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RELAXATION RATES; STATE; ATOMS; GAS
AB We describe the theoretical advances that influenced the experimental creation of vibrationally and translationally cold polar (40)K(87)Rb molecules [1, 2]. Cold molecules were created from very-weakly bound molecules formed by magnetic field sweeps near a Feshbach resonance in collisions of ultra-cold (40)K and (87)Rb atoms. Our analysis include the multi-channel bound-state calculations of the hyperfine and Zeeman mixed X(1)Sigma(+) and a(3)Sigma(+) vibrational levels. We find excellent agreement with the hyperfine structure observed in experimental data. In addition, we studied the spin-orbit mixing in the intermediate state of the Raman transition. This allowed us to investigate its effect on the vibrationally averaged transition dipole moment to the lowest rovibrational level of the X(1)Sigma(+) state. Finally, we obtained an estimate of the polarizability of the initial and final rovibrational states of the Raman transition near frequencies relevant for optical trapping of the molecules.
C1 [Kotochigova, Svetlana] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
   [Tiesinga, Eite; Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Tiesinga, Eite; Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kotochigova, S (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
EM skotoch@temple.edu
RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
FU ARO; AFOSR; ONR
FX SK acknowledges support from the ARO and AFOSR and PSJ acknowledges
   partial support from the ONR.
NR 22
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 9
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD MAY 14
PY 2009
VL 11
AR 055043
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/5/055043
PG 15
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 448AW
UT WOS:000266234500034
ER

PT J
AU Parazzoli, LP
   Fitch, N
   Lobser, DS
   Lewandowski, HJ
AF Parazzoli, L. P.
   Fitch, N.
   Lobser, D. S.
   Lewandowski, H. J.
TI High-energy-resolution molecular beams for cold collision studies
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTEGRAL CROSS-SECTIONS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING
AB Stark deceleration allows for precise control over the velocity of a pulsed molecular beam and, by the nature of its limited phase-space acceptance, reduces the energy width of the decelerated packet. We describe an alternate method of operating a Stark decelerator that further reduces the energy spread over the standard method of operation. In this alternate mode of operation, we aggressively decelerate the molecular packet using a high phase angle. This technique brings the molecular packet to the desired velocity before it reaches the end of the decelerator; the remaining stages are then used to longitudinally and transversely guide the packet to the detection/interaction region. The result of the initial aggressive slowing is a reduction in the phase-space acceptance of the decelerator and thus a narrowing of the velocity spread of the molecular packet. In addition to the narrower energy spread, this method also results in a velocity spread that is nearly independent of the final velocity. Using the alternate deceleration technique, the energy resolution of molecular collision measurements can be improved considerably.
C1 [Parazzoli, L. P.; Fitch, N.; Lobser, D. S.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Parazzoli, LP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM parazzoli@colorado.edu
FU NSF; AFOSR; Petroleum Research Fund; Alfred P Sloan Foundation
FX This work was supported by NSF, AFOSR, Petroleum Research Fund and the
   Alfred P Sloan Foundation.
NR 25
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD MAY 14
PY 2009
VL 11
AR 055031
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/5/055031
PG 12
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 448AW
UT WOS:000266234500022
ER

PT J
AU Goddard, L
   DeWitt, DG
   Reynolds, RW
AF Goddard, Lisa
   DeWitt, David G.
   Reynolds, Richard W.
TI Practical implications of uncertainty in observed SSTs
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RECONSTRUCTION
AB Uncertainties in the accuracy of observed sea surface temperature (SST) estimates limit a number of efforts relevant to seasonal-to-interannual climate variability and its prediction. Some of the efforts that may be hampered by uncertain SSTs include estimates of skill in predicted SSTs, attribution studies of seasonal climate anomalies, and calibration of probabilistic seasonal climate forecast systems. This study examines the explicit impact of SST uncertainties on the climate response from an atmospheric general circulation model. Uncertainties in Western Pacific SSTs play a substantial role in the sensitivity of the seasonal climate. Citation: Goddard, L., D. G. DeWitt, and R. W. Reynolds (2009), Practical implications of uncertainty in observed SSTs, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L09710, doi: 10.1029/2009GL037703.
C1 [Goddard, Lisa; DeWitt, David G.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
   [Reynolds, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Goddard, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, 22 Monell Bldg,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM goddard@iri.columbia.edu
FU NOAA's Office of Climate Observations [NA03OAR4320179]; Columbia
   University [NA05OAR4311004]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Association
FX The authors acknowledge helpful suggestions from Tom Smith and Simon
   Mason. We appreciate Xiaofeng Gong's help in running and processing the
   AGCM experiments. This work was funded under grant NA03OAR4320179 from
   NOAA's Office of Climate Observations and cooperative agreement
   NA05OAR4311004 between Columbia University and the National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Association.
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 13
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L09710
DI 10.1029/2009GL037703
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 446CX
UT WOS:000266099100005
ER

PT J
AU Ho, CR
   Zheng, QA
   Zheng, ZW
   Kuo, NJ
   Tai, CK
   Su, FC
AF Ho, Chung-Ru
   Zheng, Quanan
   Zheng, Zhe-Wen
   Kuo, Nan-Jung
   Tai, C. -K.
   Su, Feng-Chun
TI Reply to comment by A. Wada et al. on "Importance of pre-existing
   oceanic conditions to upper ocean response induced by Super Typhoon
   Hai-Tang"
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SEA
C1 [Ho, Chung-Ru; Zheng, Zhe-Wen; Kuo, Nan-Jung] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Marine Environm Informat, Chilung 20224, Taiwan.
   [Zheng, Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Tai, C. -K.] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Su, Feng-Chun] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Marine Biotechnol & Resources, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
RP Ho, CR (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Marine Environm Informat, Chilung 20224, Taiwan.
EM b0211@mail.ntou.edu.tw
RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010
NR 12
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 13
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L09604
DI 10.1029/2009GL037443
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 446CX
UT WOS:000266099100002
ER

PT J
AU Li, ZL
   Li, J
   Menzel, WP
   Nelson, JP
   Schmit, TJ
   Weisz, E
   Ackerman, SA
AF Li, Zhenglong
   Li, Jun
   Menzel, W. Paul
   Nelson, James P., III
   Schmit, Timothy J.
   Weisz, Elisabeth
   Ackerman, Steven A.
TI Forecasting and nowcasting improvement in cloudy regions with high
   temporal GOES sounder infrared radiance measurements
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; MODIS; AIRS; ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURE;
   VALIDATION; PARAMETERS; SOUNDINGS; MOISTURE
AB In an effort to extend the high temporal resolution Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) infrared sounding retrievals from clear to cloudy skies, a synthetic regression-based cloudy sounding retrieval algorithm has been developed and applied to GOES 12 sounder measurements. Comparisons against radiosondes at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program at Southern Great Plains site from August 2006 to May 2007 and the conventional radiosondes network over the continental United States from January 2007 to November 2008 both show that the retrievals of moisture under thin cloud conditions perform similarly to those under the clear-sky conditions. The largest improvements are found in the upper level integrated precipitable water vapor (PW) or PW3. Also in the case of low thick clouds, PW3 is usually improved significantly. In addition, the retrieved cloud parameters are consistent with the false RGB composite images. With the addition of the soundings under low thick or thin cloud conditions, the area without soundings is reduced by 57% in the selected case. The application to a tornadic storm on 24 April 2007 reveals that the GOES cloudy sounding retrievals are more useful at the early stage of the storm, when nearby clouds are considered thin or broken. The GOES cloudy sounding algorithm reveals more pronounced and extensive convective instability, and it does so earlier than the clear-sky-only results. The cloudy sounding retrievals have the potential to provide an earlier warning to forecasters.
C1 [Li, Zhenglong; Li, Jun; Menzel, W. Paul; Nelson, James P., III; Weisz, Elisabeth; Ackerman, Steven A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Li, ZL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM zhenglong.li@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Ackerman,
   Steven/G-1640-2011; Li, Zhenglong/A-9375-2013; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015
OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Ackerman,
   Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627
FU CIMSS [NA06NES4400002]; GOES-R [NA07EC0676]
FX The authors would like to thank Hal Woolf for providing the 101-level
   PFAAST radiative transfer model for GOES 12 sounder. Some data were
   obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program
   sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office
   of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences
   Division. This program is supported at CIMSS by NOAA GIMPAP program
   NA06NES4400002 and GOES-R program NA07EC0676. The views, opinions, and
   findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should
   not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 34
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 13
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D09216
DI 10.1029/2008JD010596
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 446DH
UT WOS:000266100100001
ER

PT J
AU Martinez, E
   Ganachaud, A
   Lefevre, J
   Maamaatuaiahutapu, K
AF Martinez, Elodie
   Ganachaud, Alexandre
   Lefevre, Jerome
   Maamaatuaiahutapu, Keitapu
TI Central South Pacific thermocline water circulation from a
   high-resolution ocean model validated against satellite data: Seasonal
   variability and El Nino 1997-1998 influence
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SUBSURFACE COUNTERCURRENTS; TUAMOTU
   ARCHIPELAGO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; SURFACE CURRENTS;
   AGULHAS CURRENT; DYNAMICS; ISLANDS; WIND
AB The oceanic circulation in French Polynesia, central South Pacific, is investigated based on a high-resolution model validated with satellite data. We focus on the upper 500 m, where ocean current variability has been barely documented due to a lack of in situ measurements. Seasonal and El Nino-Southern Oscillation 1997-1999 variability of surface and subsurface currents are characterized. In the north, the South Equatorial Current (SEC) follows a seasonal cycle with winter enhancement corresponding to trade wind strengthening. During summer, the SEC slows and the eastward South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC) appears across the domain north of an upward Ekman pumping region related to the South Pacific Convergence Zone development in the area. Around the Marquesas Islands, a wind curl dipole is suspected to create westward and eastward (Marquesas Countercurrent, MCC) jets. The eastward Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) is found south of 20 degrees S. It is disturbed by eddies and broken into westward and eastward branches. During El Nino 1997-1998, due to the reversed winds in the equatorial band, the SEC weakened, while eastward countercurrents appeared. The SECC reinforced and moved northeastward in summer 1998. During La Nina 1998-1999, following the trade wind enhancement, the SEC strengthened. The countercurrents weakened or disappeared and the SECC moved southwestward in summer 1999. During both El Nino and La Nina events, the STCC eddy activity strengthened, while the MCC and associated westward jet were absent. These variations and their dynamical origins are discussed, and a coherent picture of the French Polynesian current system and its variations is proposed.
C1 [Martinez, Elodie; Maamaatuaiahutapu, Keitapu] Univ Polynesie Francaise, Lab Terre Ocean, Faaa 98702, Fr Polynesia.
   [Ganachaud, Alexandre; Lefevre, Jerome] Inst Rech Dev, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, Noumea, New Caledonia.
   [Ganachaud, Alexandre; Lefevre, Jerome] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, Observ Midi Pyrenees Phys Chim Automat, Toulouse, France.
   [Ganachaud, Alexandre] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Martinez, E (reprint author), CNRS, UPMC, UMR7093, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France.
EM martinez@obs-vlfr.fr
RI martinez, elodie/E-3237-2012; Ganachaud, Alexandre/B-7556-2013; LEFEVRE,
   Jerome/L-8569-2015; 
OI martinez, elodie/0000-0001-6507-6119; Maamaatuaiahutapu,
   Keitapu/0000-0003-4071-0472
FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
   [NA17RJ1232]
FX The help and stimulating comments of W. Kessler and an anonymous
   reviewer were greatly appreciated. P. Marchesiello helped to set up the
   numerical simulation. Insightful comments of the two reviewers greatly
   helped improve the manuscript. E. M. was supported by a grant from the
   Research Ministry of French Polynesia. Support from the French Overseas
   Ministry allowed collaboration with the IRD Noumea LEGOS laboratory.
   This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the
   Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative
   Agreement NA17RJ1232, contribution 1479, and the Pacific Marine
   Environmental Laboratory, contribution 3190.
NR 54
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY 13
PY 2009
VL 114
AR C05012
DI 10.1029/2008JC004824
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 446DQ
UT WOS:000266101000002
ER

PT J
AU Janik, JA
   Zhou, HD
   Jo, YJ
   Balicas, L
   MacDougall, GJ
   Luke, GM
   Garrett, JD
   McClellan, KJ
   Bauer, ED
   Sarrao, JL
   Qiu, Y
   Copley, JRD
   Yamani, Z
   Buyers, WJL
   Wiebe, CR
AF Janik, J. A.
   Zhou, H. D.
   Jo, Y-J
   Balicas, L.
   MacDougall, G. J.
   Luke, G. M.
   Garrett, J. D.
   McClellan, K. J.
   Bauer, E. D.
   Sarrao, J. L.
   Qiu, Y.
   Copley, J. R. D.
   Yamani, Z.
   Buyers, W. J. L.
   Wiebe, C. R.
TI Itinerant spin excitations near the hidden order transition in URu2Si2
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS;
   NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FERMI-SURFACE; FLUCTUATIONS
AB By means of neutron scattering we show that the high temperature precursor to the hidden order state of the heavy fermion superconductor URu2Si2 exhibits heavily damped incommensurate paramagnons whose strong energy dispersion is very similar to that of the long-lived longitudinal f spin excitations that appear below T-0. This suggests that there is a strongly hybridized character to the itinerant excitations observed previously above the hidden order transition. Here we present evidence that the itinerant excitations, like those in chromium, are due to Fermi surface nesting of hole and electron pockets; hence the hidden order phase probably originates from a Fermi surface instability. We identify wavevectors that span nested regions of a f-d hybridized band calculation and that match the neutron spin crossover from incommensurate to commensurate on approach to the hidden order phase.
C1 [Janik, J. A.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Janik, J. A.; Zhou, H. D.; Jo, Y-J; Balicas, L.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [MacDougall, G. J.; Luke, G. M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
   [Luke, G. M.; Buyers, W. J. L.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
   [Garrett, J. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
   [McClellan, K. J.; Bauer, E. D.; Sarrao, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Technol & Engn Directorate, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Yamani, Z.; Buyers, W. J. L.] CNBC, Natl Res Council, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada.
RP Janik, JA (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
EM cwiebe@magnet.fsu.edu
RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012; Luke,
   Graeme/A-9094-2010; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016; 
OI Luke, Graeme/0000-0003-4762-1173; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937;
   MacDougall, Gregory/0000-0002-7490-9650
FU NSF [CDMR-0084173, DMR-0454672]; EIEG; State of Florida; NSERC; US DOE
FX This work was supported by the NSF CDMR-0084173, DMR-0454672, the EIEG
   program (FSU) and the State of Florida. The work at McMaster is
   supported by NSERC and at Los Alamos by the US DOE. The authors are
   grateful for the local support staff at the NIST Center for Neutron
   Research and Chalk River Laboratories. The authors would also like to
   acknowledge the support of the UCGP at the NHMFL.
NR 23
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 9
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD MAY 13
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 19
AR 192202
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/19/192202
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 436MO
UT WOS:000265418400002
PM 21825472
ER

PT J
AU Gibson, EA
   Shen, ZC
   Jimenez, R
AF Gibson, Emily A.
   Shen, Zhaochuan
   Jimenez, Ralph
TI Three-pulse photon echo peak shift spectroscopy as a probe of
   flexibility and conformational heterogeneity in protein folding
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CYTOCHROME-C; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; FREQUENCY
   VIBRATIONS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; LANDSCAPE; KINETICS; 3RD-ORDER;
   COHERENCE; SPECTRA
AB We investigate the equilibrium unfolding of Zn-cytochrome c in guanidine hydrochloride by three-pulse photon echo peak shift (3PEPS) spectroscopy. Unexpectedly, the measurements reveal that inhomogeneous broadening of the sample at the midpoint of the denaturation is larger than that of either native or unfolded states. To interpret this finding, we present simulations of the peak shift for both two-state and three-state unfolding models. Both the denaturant concentration dependence of the asymptotic peak shift (APS) and the wavelength dependence of the APS at the midpoint of the denaturation are different for the two models. Our data are consistent with two-state unfolding. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Gibson, Emily A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
   [Shen, Zhaochuan] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Shen, Zhaochuan; Jimenez, Ralph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DBI0454763]; Physics Frontier Center at
   JILA [PHY0551010]; NIH/CU Biophysics Training [T32 GM-065103]; Quantum
   Physics Division of NIST
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation DBI0454763,
   the Physics Frontier Center at JILA (PHY0551010), and by NIH/CU
   Biophysics Training Grant (T32 GM-065103) (to Z.S.). R.J. is a staff
   member in the Quantum Physics Division of NIST.
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2614
J9 CHEM PHYS LETT
JI Chem. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 12
PY 2009
VL 473
IS 4-6
BP 330
EP 335
DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.04.002
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 443KM
UT WOS:000265908600023
PM 21103002
ER

PT J
AU Mauldin, CE
   Puntambekar, K
   Murphy, AR
   Liao, F
   Subramanian, V
   Frechet, JMJ
   DeLongchamp, DM
   Fischer, DA
   Toney, MF
AF Mauldin, Clayton E.
   Puntambekar, Kanan
   Murphy, Amanda R.
   Liao, Frank
   Subramanian, Vivek
   Frechet, Jean M. J.
   DeLongchamp, Dean M.
   Fischer, Daniel A.
   Toney, Michael F.
TI Solution-Processable alpha,omega-Distyryl Oligothiophene Semiconductors
   with Enhanced Environmental Stability
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS;
   EFFECT MOBILITY; PERFORMANCE; THIOPHENE
AB We describe the rational design of oligothiophene semiconductors to facilitate solution-based fabrication of environmentally stable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Ultrathin films of alpha,omega-distyryl quaterthiophene (DS4T), pentathiophene (DS5T), and sexithiophene (DS6T) were prepared via solution processing to probe the effect of styryl end groups, oligomer length, and thin film structure on air stability. These films were prepared via solution deposition and thermal annealing of precursors featuring thermally labile ester solubilizing groups. A detailed study of the thin film structure was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). Functional OFETs were obtained for DS5T and DS6T and have, respectively, hole mobilities of 0.051 and 0.043 cm(2)/(V s) and on/off ratios of 1 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(6), whereas DS4T OFETs failed to function because of poor film continuity. The effect of both short-term and long-term exposure to air is tracked in OFETs revealing remarkable stability for both DS5T and DS6T. This stability is attributed to the elimination of reactive sites in alpha,omega-distyryl oligothiophenes and suggests that careful choice of end-group structure can stabilize these molecules against oxidative degradation.
C1 [Mauldin, Clayton E.; Murphy, Amanda R.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Puntambekar, Kanan; Liao, Frank; Subramanian, Vivek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Mauldin, Clayton E.; Murphy, Amanda R.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA.
RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM frechet@berkeley.edu
RI Subramanian, Vivek/K-9818-2016
OI Subramanian, Vivek/0000-0002-1783-8219
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of
   the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions
   of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation
   Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on
   behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences. We acknowledge Daniel Poulsen for assistance with DFT
   calculations.
NR 37
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
EI 1520-5002
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD MAY 12
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 9
BP 1927
EP 1938
DI 10.1021/cm900267v
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 441PK
UT WOS:000265781000027
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, H
   Srolovitz, DJ
   Douglas, JF
   Warren, JA
AF Zhang, Hao
   Srolovitz, David J.
   Douglas, Jack F.
   Warren, James A.
TI Grain boundaries exhibit the dynamics of glass-forming liquids
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE glass formation; grain-boundary mobility; molecular dynamics;
   polycrystalline materials; string-like collective motion
ID STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; METALS; BEHAVIOR; TRANSITION; MIGRATION; MOTION
AB Polycrystalline materials are composites of crystalline particles or "grains" separated by thin "amorphous" grain boundaries (GBs). Although GBs have been exhaustively investigated at low temperatures, at which these regions are relatively ordered, much less is known about them at higher temperatures, where they exhibit significant mobility and structural disorder and characterization methods are limited. The time and spatial scales accessible to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation are appropriate for investigating the dynamical and structural properties of GBs at elevated temperatures, and we exploit MD to explore basic aspects of GB dynamics as a function of temperature. It has long been hypothesized that GBs have features in common with glass-forming liquids based on the processing characteristics of polycrystalline materials. We find remarkable support for this suggestion, as evidenced by string-like collective atomic motion and transient caging of atomic motion, and a non-Arrhenius GB mobility describing the average rate of large-scale GB displacement.
C1 [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Warren, James A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Srolovitz, David J.] Yeshiva Univ, Yeshiva Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA.
   [Zhang, Hao] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jack.douglas@nist.gov
RI Warren, James/B-1698-2008; Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008
OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206; 
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-99ER45797]; National Institute of
   Standards and Technology
FX We thank Robert Riggleman of the University of Wisconsin and Anneke
   Levelt Sengers of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for
   helpful comments and questions about the work, and we acknowledge the
   support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-99ER45797) and the
   National Institute of Standards and Technology. Useful group discussions
   were facilitated by the Department Of Energy Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences Computational Materials Science Network program.
NR 39
TC 74
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 21
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 12
PY 2009
VL 106
IS 19
BP 7735
EP 7740
DI 10.1073/pnas.0900227106
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 447RG
UT WOS:000266208900013
PM 19416913
ER

PT J
AU Sparks, WB
   Hough, J
   Germer, TA
   Chen, F
   DasSarma, S
   DasSarma, P
   Robb, FT
   Manset, N
   Kolokolova, L
   Reid, N
   Macchetto, FD
   Martin, W
AF Sparks, William B.
   Hough, James
   Germer, Thomas A.
   Chen, Feng
   DasSarma, Shiladitya
   DasSarma, Priya
   Robb, Frank T.
   Manset, Nadine
   Kolokolova, Ludmilla
   Reid, Neill
   Macchetto, F. Duccio
   Martin, William
TI Detection of circular polarization in light scattered from
   photosynthetic microbes
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE homochirality; life detection; remote sensing
ID AMINO-ACIDS; SIGNATURES; ORGANISMS; DICHROISM; BIOFILMS; DIVERSE;
   PLANETS; EUROPA; MARS; LIFE
AB The identification of a universal biosignature that could be sensed remotely is critical to the prospects for success in the search for life elsewhere in the universe. A candidate universal biosignature is homochirality, which is likely to be a generic property of all biochemical life. Because of the optical activity of chiral molecules, it has been hypothesized that this unique characteristic may provide a suitable remote sensing probe using circular polarization spectroscopy. Here, we report the detection of circular polarization in light scattered by photosynthetic microbes. We show that the circular polarization appears to arise from circular dichroism of the strong electronic transitions of photosynthetic absorption bands. We conclude that circular polarization spectroscopy could provide a powerful remote sensing technique for generic life searches.
C1 [Sparks, William B.; Reid, Neill; Macchetto, F. Duccio] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Hough, James; Martin, William] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
   [Germer, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chen, Feng; DasSarma, Shiladitya; DasSarma, Priya; Robb, Frank T.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA.
   [Manset, Nadine] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA.
   [Kolokolova, Ludmilla] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Sparks, WB (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM sparks@stsci.edu
RI Chen, Feng/P-3088-2014; 
OI Robb, Frank/0000-0001-5833-6496
FU Space Telescope and Science Institute Director's Discretionary Research
   Fund [82374]; European Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration [NNX09AC68G]
FX We acknowledge support for this work through the Space Telescope and
   Science Institute Director's Discretionary Research Fund Grant 82374,
   and by the European Space Agency and National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration Grant NNX09AC68G (to S. D.).
NR 46
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 10
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 12
PY 2009
VL 106
IS 19
BP 7816
EP 7821
DI 10.1073/pnas.0810215106
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 447RG
UT WOS:000266208900027
PM 19416893
ER

PT J
AU Zeng, HC
   Chambers, JQ
   Negron-Juarez, RI
   Hurtt, GC
   Baker, DB
   Powell, MD
AF Zeng, Hongcheng
   Chambers, Jeffrey Q.
   Negron-Juarez, Robinson I.
   Hurtt, George C.
   Baker, David B.
   Powell, Mark D.
TI Impacts of tropical cyclones on US forest tree mortality and carbon flux
   from 1851 to 2000
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon balance; forest biomass; hurricanes; spatial-temporal dynamics;
   wind field
ID HURRICANE ACTIVITY; SEQUESTRATION; DYNAMICS; BASIN; COAST
AB Tropical cyclones cause extensive tree mortality and damage to forested ecosystems. A number of patterns in tropical cyclone frequency and intensity have been identified. There exist, however, few studies on the dynamic impacts of historical tropical cyclones at a continental scale. Here, we synthesized field measurements, satellite image analyses, and empirical models to evaluate forest and carbon cycle impacts for historical tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2000 over the continental U.S. Results demonstrated an average of 97 million trees affected each year over the entire United States, with a 53-Tg annual biomass loss, and an average carbon release of 25 Tg y(-1). Over the period 1980-1990, released CO(2) potentially offset the carbon sink in forest trees by 9-18% over the entire United States. U.S. forests also experienced twice the impact before 1900 than after 1900 because of more active tropical cyclones and a larger extent of forested areas. Forest impacts were primarily located in Gulf Coast areas, particularly southern Texas and Louisiana and south Florida, while significant impacts also occurred in eastern North Carolina. Results serve as an important baseline for evaluating how potential future changes in hurricane frequency and intensity will impact forest tree mortality and carbon balance.
C1 [Zeng, Hongcheng; Chambers, Jeffrey Q.; Negron-Juarez, Robinson I.; Baker, David B.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
   [Hurtt, George C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Powell, Mark D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Zeng, HC (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 400 Boggs Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
EM hzeng@tulane.edu
RI Hurtt, George/A-8450-2012; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Chambers,
   Jeffrey/J-9021-2014
OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Chambers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3983-7847
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science through the Coastal Center
   of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Tulane
   University; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United
   States Geological Survey; Tulane University's Research Enhancement Fund
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of
   Science through the Coastal Center of the National Institute for
   Climatic Change Research at Tulane University, the Long-Term Estuary
   Assessment Group with funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration and the United States Geological Survey, and Tulane
   University's Research Enhancement Fund. We greatly appreciate
   discussions with Prof. Emery Boose from Harvard University, who was
   consulted on the meteorological model of HURRECON, and comments and
   suggestions from 2 anonymous reviewers.
NR 27
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 22
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 12
PY 2009
VL 106
IS 19
BP 7888
EP 7892
DI 10.1073/pnas.0808914106
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 447RG
UT WOS:000266208900039
PM 19416842
ER

PT J
AU Keller, MW
   Kos, AB
   Silva, TJ
   Rippard, WH
   Pufall, MR
AF Keller, Mark W.
   Kos, A. B.
   Silva, T. J.
   Rippard, W. H.
   Pufall, M. R.
TI Time domain measurement of phase noise in a spin torque oscillator
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE cobalt alloys; copper; iron alloys; nanocontacts; nickel alloys; phase
   locked loops; phase locked oscillators; phase noise; tantalum
AB We measure oscillator phase from the zero crossings of the voltage versus time waveform of a spin torque nanocontact oscillating in a vortex mode. The power spectrum of the phase noise varies with Fourier frequency f as 1/f(2), consistent with frequency fluctuations driven by a thermal source. The linewidth implied by phase noise alone is about 70% of that measured using a spectrum analyzer. A phase-locked loop reduces the phase noise for frequencies within its 3 MHz bandwidth.
C1 [Keller, Mark W.; Kos, A. B.; Silva, T. J.; Rippard, W. H.; Pufall, M. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Keller, MW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM mark.keller@boulder.nist.gov
RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013
OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642
NR 13
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 11
PY 2009
VL 94
IS 19
AR 193105
DI 10.1063/1.3133356
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 448LF
UT WOS:000266263400054
ER

PT J
AU Cui, XP
   Li, XF
   Zong, ZP
AF Cui, Xiaopeng
   Li, Xiaofan
   Zong, Zhiping
TI Cloud microphysical and rainfall responses to zonal perturbations of sea
   surface temperature: A cloud-resolving modeling study
SO PROGRESS IN NATURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Cloud microphysical and rainfall responses; Sea surface temperature;
   Zonal perturbation; Cloud-resolving modeling study
ID TROPICAL EQUILIBRIUM STATES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS;
   FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SST GRADIENTS; CONVECTION; RADIATION; MESOSCALE;
   WATER; PARAMETERIZATION
AB The cloud microphysical and rainfall responses to zonal perturbations of sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated by analyzing the equilibrium simulation data (from day 31 40) obtained from a series of two-dimensional cloud-resolving simulations with a zonal model domain of 768 km. Four experiments imposed by zonal SST perturbations of wavenumbers 1 (SST29Z1), 2 (SST29Z2), 4 (SST29Z4), and 8 (SST29Z8) are compared to the control experiment imposed by zonally uniform SST (SST29). The model domain mean SST is 29 degrees C, and the two-dimensional cloud-resolving model with a cyclic lateral boundary is also imposed by zero vertical velocity and constant zonal wind. The time and model domain mean surface rain rates in SST29Z1, SST29Z2, and SST29Z8 are about 10% larger than those in SST29, whereas the mean surface rain rates in SST29Z4 and SST29 are similar. The analysis of mean surface rainfall budgets shows that local water vapor and hydrometeor changes play important roles in determining the differences and similarities in mean surface rain rate between the perturbation experiments and the control experiment. Both convective and stratiform rain rates are larger in SST29Z1 and SST29Z2 than in SST29 due to the smaller advection of rain from convective regions into raining stratiform regions and the larger vapor condensation rates associated with the larger water vapor convergence over raining stratiform regions in SST29Z1 and SST29Z2. The convective rain rates are larger in SST29Z4 and SST29Z8 than in SST29 because of the larger condensation rates associated with the larger water vapor convergence over convective regions in SST29Z4 and SST29Z8. The stratiform rain rates in SST29Z4 and SST29Z8 are smaller than in SST29 due to the smaller vapor condensation rates and smaller collection rates of cloud water by rain over raining stratiform regions in SST29Z4 and SST29Z8. (C) 2008 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cui, Xiaopeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Zong, Zhiping] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
RP Cui, XP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xpcui@mail.iap.ac.cn
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421505]; National
   Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40775036]; Knowledge Innovation
   Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [IAP07214]
FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
   (Grant No. 2009CB421505), National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
   (Grant No. 40775036), and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the
   Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP07214).
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1002-0071
J9 PROG NAT SCI
JI Prog. Nat. Sci.
PD MAY 10
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 5
BP 587
EP 594
DI 10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.08.003
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Materials Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 425TK
UT WOS:000264659800009
ER

PT J
AU Iacovazzi, RA
   Cao, CY
   Boukabara, SA
AF Iacovazzi, Robert A., Jr.
   Cao, Changyong
   Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed
TI Analysis of Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite NOAA-14
   MSU and NOAA-15 AMSU-A relative measurement biases for climate change
   detection
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE BIASES;
   OVERPASSES; CHANNEL-2; WEATHER; TOVS
AB In extending microwave sounding unit (MSU) brightness temperature (T-b) time series to Advanced MSU Series-A (AMSU-A) measurements, small discrepancies of channel frequency center and bandwidth between these two instruments can introduce T-b biases between them. In this study, the Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MIRS), which includes the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), has been used to estimate, and then remove, this bias component from total T-b biases inferred between NOAA-14 MSU and NOAA-15 AMSU-A measurements using the simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) method. Analysis results indicate a significant T-b bias of about 0.4 K between the NOAA-14 MSU and NOAA-15 AMSU-A 50.3-GHz channel observations. Meanwhile, the other MSU and AMSU-A channel pairs have frequency mismatches that lead to seasonal-and hemispheric-dependent T-b biases that can be larger than 1 K. Subtracting CRTM-estimated T-b biases related to frequency mismatch from SNO-deduced total T-b biases removes most seasonal-and hemispheric-dependent T-b biases, but some significant residual biases with magnitudes of about 0.4 K or less remain. These adjusted SNO-inferred T-b biases are attributed to a mix of uncaptured frequency-difference related, and calibration related, T-b biases. These two bias types are not separately quantified here, owing to indefinable uncertainties in the frequency-difference related T-b bias estimates. Thus techniques applied in this study to estimate calibration-related T-b biases between NOAA-14 MSU and NOAA-15 AMSU-A instruments can be useful in creating long-term temperature time series using NOAA microwave sounders, but a means to evaluate the indefinable uncertainties of frequency-difference related T-b bias estimates needs to be developed.
C1 [Iacovazzi, Robert A., Jr.; Cao, Changyong; Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Iacovazzi, Robert A., Jr.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD USA.
RP Iacovazzi, RA (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Room 712,World Weather Bldg,5200Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM bob.iacovazzi@noaa.gov
RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Iacovazzi
   Jr, Robert/G-3867-2010
OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; 
FU NPP/NPOESS Integrated Program Office; National Oceanographic and
   Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); government of the United States of
   America
FX The authors would like to thank Quanhua "Mark'' Liu for providing CRTM
   input transmittance functions for the MSU and AMSU-A instruments. We
   would also like to thank Cheng-Zhi Zou and Ping Jing for many
   constructive comments during the process of writing this paper. The
   research was supported by the NPP/NPOESS Integrated Program Office
   through the Internal Government Studies program. The contents of this
   paper represent the findings of the authors and do not constitute a
   viewpoint of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
   (NOAA) or any other agency of the government of the United States of
   America.
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 9
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D09107
DI 10.1029/2008JD011588
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 443SI
UT WOS:000265930500007
ER

PT J
AU Panday, AK
   Prinn, RG
AF Panday, Arnico K.
   Prinn, Ronald G.
TI Diurnal cycle of air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal:
   Observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE DRY DEPOSITION; MEXICO-CITY BASIN; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG;
   BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; METROPOLITAN-AREA;
   CARBON-MONOXIDE; LATE WINTERTIME; TRANSPORT; SANTIAGO
AB During the dry season of 2004-2005 we carried out field measurements of air pollution and meteorology in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, a bowl-shaped urban basin in the Himalayan foothills of Nepal. We measured the trace gases carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O-3) and particulates (PM10), as well as meteorological variables. In our field observations we noted a very regular pattern of morning and evening peaks in CO and PM10 occurring daily in the valley bottom, interspersed with low values in the afternoons and at night. This pattern occurred even on days with unusual timing of emissions and was influenced by the timing of ventilation from the valley. Meteorological variables showed great day-to-day similarity, with a strong westerly wind blowing through the valley from late morning until dusk. We found that the air mass on nearby mountaintops was disconnected from pollution within the valley during the night, but received significant pollution during the morning, when up-slope flows began. At a pass on the western edge of the valley we found a diurnal switch in wind direction, with an inflow from late morning until late evening, and an outflow during the rest of the time. We found that part of the morning peak in pollution was caused by recirculation of pollutants emitted the night before, which spend the night in elevated layers over the valley.
C1 [Panday, Arnico K.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Panday, Arnico K.; Prinn, Ronald G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Panday, AK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, GFDL Room 231,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM arnico@princeton.edu
FU MIT Presidential Fellowship; Martin Fellowship for Sustainability;
   Alliance for Global Sustainability; PAOC Houghton Fund; TEPCO Chair
   account; NSF [ATM-0120468]; NASA [NAG5-12099, NAG5-12669]; Science and
   Policy of Global Change
FX The research described in this paper were made possible through generous
   support from an MIT Presidential Fellowship, the Martin Fellowship for
   Sustainability, a pilot research project grant from the Alliance for
   Global Sustainability, the PAOC Houghton Fund, the TEPCO Chair account,
   NSF grant ATM-0120468 to MIT, NASA grants NAG5-12099 and NAG5-12669 to
   MIT, and the federal and industrial sponsors of the MIT Joint Program on
   the Science and Policy of Global Change.
NR 79
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 9
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D09305
DI 10.1029/2008JD009777
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 443SI
UT WOS:000265930500001
ER

PT J
AU Takahashi, K
   Berube, D
   Lee, DH
   Goldstein, J
   Singer, HJ
   Honary, F
   Moldwin, MB
AF Takahashi, Kazue
   Berube, David
   Lee, Dong-Hun
   Goldstein, Jerry
   Singer, Howard J.
   Honary, Farideh
   Moldwin, Mark B.
TI Possible evidence of virtual resonance in the dayside magnetosphere
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-LINE RESONANCES; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; PC3
   GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; PI2 PULSATIONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; GROUND
   STATIONS; MHD EIGENMODES; CAVITY MODES; ULF WAVES; BOW SHOCK
AB On day 108, 2001, the Sub-Auroral Magnetometer Network (SAMNET) and Magnetometers along the Eastern Atlantic Seaboard for Undergraduate Research and Education ( MEASURE) magnetometer arrays detected dayside magnetic pulsations at a common frequency of similar to 15 mHz at all locations below L = 4. This global pulsation event was associated with alignment of the interplanetary magnetic field with the Sun-Earth axis, a condition known to generate ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves in front of the bow shock. The event occurred during the early recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm. Magnetic field measured by the GOES 8 geostationary satellite on the dayside indicated elevated broadband (7-80 mHz) ULF power in the compressional component without a strong peak at 15 mHz. These observations suggest that the global pulsations originated from a compressional magnetohydrodynamic eigenmode oscillation of the inner magnetosphere stimulated by a broadband external disturbance. The equatorial Alfven velocity corresponding to the toroidal frequencies that were determined with the cross-phase analysis of SAMNET and MEASURE data showed a gradual decrease of the velocity with L without a clear signature of a plasmapause. The observed properties of the global pulsations are consistent with virtual resonance in the inner magnetosphere.
C1 [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
   [Berube, David] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA.
   [Goldstein, Jerry] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA.
   [Honary, Farideh] Univ Lancaster, Dept Commun Syst, InfoLab21, SW Res Inst, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England.
   [Lee, Dong-Hun] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin, South Korea.
   [Moldwin, Mark B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd,MS MP3-E128, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM kazue.takahashi@jhuapl.edu; dberube@lmu.edu; dhlee@khu.ac.kr;
   jgoldstein@swri.edu; howard.singer@noaa.gov; f.honary@lancaster.ac.uk;
   mmoldwin@ucla.edu
RI Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011
OI Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770
FU NSF [ATM0632740, ATM-0750689]; Kyung Hee University; Korean Ministry of
   Education, Science and Technology [R31-10016]
FX This work was supported NSF grants ATM0632740 and ATM-0750689. D. H. L.
   was supported in part by the research grant of Kyung Hee University
   (2008) and by the WCU grant (R31-10016) funded by the Korean Ministry of
   Education, Science and Technology.
NR 55
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY 8
PY 2009
VL 114
AR A05206
DI 10.1029/2008JA013898
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 443TB
UT WOS:000265932500002
ER

PT J
AU Kiryukhin, V
   Lee, S
   Ratcliff, W
   Huang, Q
   Yi, HT
   Choi, YJ
   Cheong, SW
AF Kiryukhin, V.
   Lee, Seongsu
   Ratcliff, W., II
   Huang, Q.
   Yi, H. T.
   Choi, Y. J.
   Cheong, S-W.
TI Order by Static Disorder in the Ising Chain Magnet Ca3Co2-xMnxO6
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Ising chain compound Ca3Co2-xMnxO6 exhibits up-up-down-down long-range magnetic order (LRO) in a broad range of 0.75 < x < 1. The LRO is abruptly lost in the narrow vicinity of x=1, and the magnetic state becomes incommensurate. The commensurate state (but not the LRO) is recovered for larger x. This is surprising because the stoichiometric x=1 state exhibits the best Co/Mn ionic order, and the magnetic LRO appears only in the samples with reduced ionic order. We argue that this "order-by-static-disorder" phenomenon may be related to the disruption of the long-range magnetic interactions by the magnetic-site disorder, reducing magnetic frustration.
C1 [Kiryukhin, V.; Lee, Seongsu; Yi, H. T.; Choi, Y. J.; Cheong, S-W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   [Kiryukhin, V.; Lee, Seongsu; Yi, H. T.; Choi, Y. J.; Cheong, S-W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   [Lee, Seongsu] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, Taejon 305353, South Korea.
   [Ratcliff, W., II; Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kiryukhin, V (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
RI Yi, Hee Taek/F-6399-2010
FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46382]
FX This work was supported by the DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46382.
NR 15
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 8
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 18
AR 187202
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.187202
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 443ZF
UT WOS:000265948600062
PM 19518906
ER

PT J
AU Lee, M
   Kang, W
   Onose, Y
   Tokura, Y
   Ong, NP
AF Lee, Minhyea
   Kang, W.
   Onose, Y.
   Tokura, Y.
   Ong, N. P.
TI Unusual Hall Effect Anomaly in MnSi under Pressure
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ITINERANT FERROMAGNET MNSI; BERRY-PHASE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CHIRALITY;
   CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS
AB We report the observation of a highly unusual Hall current in the helical magnet MnSi in an applied pressure P=6-12 kbars. The Hall conductivity displays a distinctive stepwise field profile quite unlike any other Hall response observed in solids. We identify the origin of this Hall current with the effective real-space magnetic field due to chiral spin textures, which may be a precursor of the partial-order state at P > 14.6 kbar. We discuss evidence favoring the chiral spin mechanism for the origin of the observed Hall anomaly.
C1 [Lee, Minhyea; Ong, N. P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Kang, W.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Onose, Y.; Tokura, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
   [Tokura, Y.] SSS, JST, ERATO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan.
RP Lee, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Onose, Yoshinori/F-1977-2010; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009
FU U. S. National Science Foundation [DMR 0213706]
FX We thank B. Binz, A. Vishwanath, and M. Hermele for valuable
   discussions. The research at Princeton is supported by the U. S.
   National Science Foundation under MRSEC Grant No. DMR 0213706.
NR 27
TC 128
Z9 129
U1 8
U2 56
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 8
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 18
AR 186601
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.186601
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 443ZF
UT WOS:000265948600050
PM 19518894
ER

PT J
AU Evan, AT
   Vimont, DJ
   Heidinger, AK
   Kossin, JP
   Bennartz, R
AF Evan, Amato T.
   Vimont, Daniel J.
   Heidinger, Andrew K.
   Kossin, James P.
   Bennartz, Ralf
TI The Role of Aerosols in the Evolution of Tropical North Atlantic Ocean
   Temperature Anomalies
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SAHARAN DUST; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; PRODUCT;
   IMPACT; SST
AB Observations and models show that northern tropical Atlantic surface temperatures are sensitive to regional changes in stratospheric volcanic and tropospheric mineral aerosols. However, it is unknown whether the temporal variability of these aerosols is a key factor in the evolution of ocean temperature anomalies. We used a simple physical model, incorporating 26 years of satellite data, to estimate the temperature response of the ocean mixed layer to changes in aerosol loadings. Our results suggest that the mixed layer's response to regional variability in aerosols accounts for 69% of the recent upward trend, and 67% of the detrended and 5-year low pass-filtered variance, in northern tropical Atlantic Ocean temperatures.
C1 [Evan, Amato T.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Evan, Amato T.; Vimont, Daniel J.; Bennartz, Ralf] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Evan, AT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM atevan@wisc.edu
RI Kossin, James/D-3929-2011; Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Heidinger,
   Andrew/F-5591-2010; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016
OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794
FU NOAA/NESDIS/STAR; Risk Prediction Initiative
FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
   Supported by grants from NOAA/NESDIS/STAR and Risk Prediction
   Initiative. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report
   are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA
   or U.S. government position, policy, or decision.
NR 29
TC 80
Z9 81
U1 0
U2 21
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 8
PY 2009
VL 324
IS 5928
BP 778
EP 781
DI 10.1126/science.1167404
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 442HN
UT WOS:000265832400044
PM 19325076
ER

PT J
AU Koeller, P
   Fuentes-Yaco, C
   Platt, T
   Sathyendranath, S
   Richards, A
   Ouellet, P
   Orr, D
   Skuladottir, U
   Wieland, K
   Savard, L
   Aschan, M
AF Koeller, P.
   Fuentes-Yaco, C.
   Platt, T.
   Sathyendranath, S.
   Richards, A.
   Ouellet, P.
   Orr, D.
   Skuladottir, U.
   Wieland, K.
   Savard, L.
   Aschan, M.
TI Basin-Scale Coherence in Phenology of Shrimps and Phytoplankton in the
   North Atlantic Ocean
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID PANDALUS-BOREALIS; RECRUITMENT; BLOOM; SEA
AB Climate change could lead to mismatches between the reproductive cycles of marine organisms and their planktonic food. We tested this hypothesis by comparing shrimp (Pandalus borealis) egg hatching times and satellite-derived phytoplankton bloom dynamics throughout the North Atlantic. At large spatial and long temporal (10 years or longer) scales, hatching was correlated with the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom. Annual egg development and hatching times were determined locally by bottom water temperature. We conclude that different populations of P. borealis have adapted to local temperatures and bloom timing, matching egg hatching to food availability under average conditions. This strategy is vulnerable to interannual oceanographic variability and long-term climatic changes.
C1 [Koeller, P.; Fuentes-Yaco, C.; Platt, T.; Sathyendranath, S.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
   [Fuentes-Yaco, C.; Sathyendranath, S.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
   [Platt, T.; Sathyendranath, S.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3, Devon, England.
   [Richards, A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Ouellet, P.; Savard, L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada.
   [Orr, D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.
   [Skuladottir, U.] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland.
   [Wieland, K.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark.
   [Aschan, M.] Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fisheries Sci, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
RP Koeller, P (reprint author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
EM koellerp@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca
RI Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014
FU Government Related Initiatives Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering
   Research Council of Canada; National Centre for Earth Observation;
   Natural Environment Research Council of the UK
FX This analysis was made possible by the satellite data provided by NASA
   and the efforts of the technical personnel in six countries whose
   efforts at sea and in the laboratory provided the biological and
   physical oceanographic data. We also thank G. White III for extensive
   data preparation. This work was supported by the Canadian Space Agency
   through the Government Related Initiatives Program and by the Natural
   Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through research
   grants to T.P. and S.S. This work is a contribution to the National
   Centre for Earth Observation and the Oceans 2025 programs of the Natural
   Environment Research Council of the UK.
NR 20
TC 94
Z9 95
U1 2
U2 45
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 8
PY 2009
VL 324
IS 5928
BP 791
EP 793
DI 10.1126/science.1170987
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 442HN
UT WOS:000265832400048
PM 19423827
ER

PT J
AU Schneider, H
   Takahashi, K
   Skodje, RT
   Weber, JM
AF Schneider, Holger
   Takahashi, Kaito
   Skodje, Rex T.
   Weber, J. Mathias
TI Infrared spectra of SF6-center dot HCOOH center dot Ar-n (n=0-2):
   Infrared triggered reaction and Ar-induced reactive inhibition
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE argon compounds; hydrogen bonds; infrared spectra; organic compounds;
   reaction kinetics theory; solvation; spectrochemical analysis; sulphur
   compounds; tunnelling
ID VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ARGON PREDISSOCIATION; ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES;
   CORRELATION-ENERGY; PROTON-TRANSFER; BASIS-SETS; ELECTRON; SF6; CLUSTER;
   DENSITY
AB We present the infrared spectra of SF6-center dot HCOOH center dot Ar-m (m=0-2) complexes. We find that the binding motif involves a single hydrogen bond between the SF6- anion and the OH group of the formic acid, with the CH group weakly tethered to a neighboring F atom. Similar to the case of hydrated SF6-, the SF bond involved in the (OH-F) bond is significantly stretched and weakened by the attachment of the HCOOH ligand. The bare complex undergoes reaction upon infrared absorption in the CH/OH stretching region of the formic acid moiety, leading predominantly to the formation of SF4 -+2HF+CO2. The reaction can be inhibited by attachment of two Ar atoms. We discuss a likely reaction mechanism in the framework of ab initio calculations, suggesting that reaction proceeds via tunneling through the potential barrier.
C1 [Schneider, Holger; Takahashi, Kaito; Skodje, Rex T.; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Schneider, Holger; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Skodje, RT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM rex.skodje@colorado.edu; weberjm@jila.colorado.edu
RI Takahashi, Kaito/F-7919-2012; Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009
OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886
FU JILA Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Frontier Center of the
   National Science Foundation [PHY-0551010]; ACS
FX Support for this work comes from the JILA Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
   Physics Frontier Center of the National Science Foundation (Grant No.
   PHY-0551010). R. T. S. and K. T. were partly supported by a grant from
   the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the ACS.
NR 46
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2009
VL 130
IS 17
AR 174302
DI 10.1063/1.3125960
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 448LC
UT WOS:000266263100011
PM 19425771
ER

PT J
AU Kocharov, L
   Pizzo, VJ
   Odstrcil, D
   Zwickl, RD
AF Kocharov, L.
   Pizzo, V. J.
   Odstrcil, D.
   Zwickl, R. D.
TI A unified model of solar energetic particle transport in structured
   solar wind
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC LOOP; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; GAMMA-RAY
   EMISSION; COSMIC-RAYS; ADIABATIC DECELERATION; COMPRESSION REGIONS;
   EVENT; ACCELERATION; PROPAGATION; CONVECTION
AB Solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes, after their propagation from the particles' source to the Earth's orbit, depend on the state of solar wind, which is known to be highly variable in both time and space. Commonly used SEP transport models are based on the assumption of the standard interplanetary magnetic field, which would be the case for a uniform, steady state expansion of solar wind. Modeling of SEP transport in the standard solar wind can be facilitated by the use of a corotating reference frame, wherein the solar wind speed is parallel to interplanetary magnetic field at each point and the magnetic field is static. However, this approach is not possible in the realistic solar wind. This necessitates development of a more general SEP model applicable to particle transport in arbitrarily structured solar wind and in interplanetary coronal mass ejections, magnetic clouds, and shocks. In the framework of focused transport theory, we formulate a practical model of SEP transport in an evolving, structured solar wind. This unified model accommodates the results of three-dimensional MHD modeling of solar wind based on observations of the sun, solar wind, and SEPs in a particular event. A relation between the generalized focused transport model and the diffusion-convection equation of cosmic ray transport is discussed.
C1 [Kocharov, L.; Pizzo, V. J.; Odstrcil, D.; Zwickl, R. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Kocharov, L (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Lab, Vesilinnantie 5, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
EM kocharov@utu.fi; vic.pizzo@noaa.gov; dusan.odstrcil@noaa.gov;
   ron.d.zwickl@noaa.gov
FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award
FX This research was performed while the lead author held a National
   Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Space Weather
   Prediction Center of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.;
   Amitava Bhattacharjee thanks the reviewers for their assistance in
   evaluating this paper.
NR 34
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2009
VL 114
AR A05102
DI 10.1029/2008JA013837
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 443TA
UT WOS:000265932400002
ER

PT J
AU Velazquez, JM
   Jaye, C
   Fischer, DA
   Banerjee, S
AF Velazquez, Jesus M.
   Jaye, Cherno
   Fischer, Daniel A.
   Banerjee, Sarbajit
TI Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy Studies of
   Single-Crystalline V2O5 Nanowire Arrays
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; INITIO DFT CLUSTER; VANADIUM PENTOXIDE;
   ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; V2O5(010) SURFACE; CARBON NANOTUBES; NEXAFS
   SPECTRA; LI INSERTION; K-EDGE; OXYGEN
AB Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is used to precisely probe the alignment, uniformity in crystal growth direction, and electronic structure of single-crystalline V2O5 nanowire arrays prepared by a cobalt-catalyzed vapor transport process. The dipole selection rules operational for core-level electron spectroscopy enable angle-dependent NEXAFS spectroscopy to be used as a sensitive probe of the anisotropy of these systems and provides detailed insight into bond orientation and the symmetry of the frontier orbital states. The experimental spectra are matched to previous theoretical predictions and allow experimental verification of features such as the origin of the split-off conduction band responsible for the semiconducting properties Of V2O5 and the strongly anisotropic nature of vanadyl-oxygen-derived.(V=O) states thought to be involved in catalysis. The strong anisotropy observed across thousands of nanowires in the NEXAFS measurements clearly demonstrates the uniformity of crystal growth direction in these nanowire arrays.
C1 [Velazquez, Jesus M.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
EM sb244@buffalo.edu
FU University at Buffalo; NSF
FX S.B. acknowledges startup funding from the University at Buffalo for
   support of this work. J.M.V. acknowledges support from the NSF-funded
   LSAMP Bridge to the Doctorate program. Certain commercial names are
   presented in this manuscript for purposes Of illustration and do not
   constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
   Technology.
NR 46
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 3
U2 39
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 7
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 18
BP 7639
EP 7645
DI 10.1021/jp900809y
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 440GA
UT WOS:000265687600027
ER

PT J
AU Overland, JE
AF Overland, James E.
TI Meteorology of the Beaufort Sea
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; BUDGET; ICE; CIRCULATION; SHEBA
AB The unique meteorology of the Beaufort Sea region is dominated by the presence of sea ice and a seasonal swing from a large heat loss in winter to a gain in summer. The primary determinant of this seasonal climate shift is the annual cycle of insolation from a maximum of 500 W/m(2) near the summer solstice to darkness in winter, as the Beaufort Sea lies north of Alaska and northwestern Canada beyond 72 degrees N. Even though the Sun angle is low in summer, the length of daylight provides as much energy to the surface as anywhere on the planet. As summer progresses, relative absorption of insolation at the surface increases as the albedo decreases due to snow and ice melt and increased open water area. This annual cycle results in a change from a winter continental-like air mass similar to the adjacent land areas to a summertime marine air mass characterized by low cloud and fogs. In winter the region is also influenced by the polar atmospheric vortex with strong westerly winds centered in the stratosphere, whose presence is felt at the surface. Recent sea ice losses are changing the climatology of the region, with extended periods of increased temperatures through the autumn months.
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov
FU NOAA
FX We appreciate the support from the NOAA Arctic Research in preparation
   of this paper. M. Wang helped with the preparation of Figures 1 - 11.
   The review was made possible by the many accomplishments of Arctic
   scientists in the last decade and beyond, as noted in the References and
   elsewhere. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Richard Reed, author
   of the 1960 paper on the summer Arctic.
NR 22
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY 6
PY 2009
VL 114
AR C00A07
DI 10.1029/2008JC004861
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 443ST
UT WOS:000265931600001
ER

PT J
AU McComiskey, A
   Feingold, G
   Frisch, AS
   Turner, DD
   Miller, MA
   Chiu, JC
   Min, QL
   Ogren, JA
AF McComiskey, Allison
   Feingold, Graham
   Frisch, A. Shelby
   Turner, David D.
   Miller, Mark A.
   Chiu, J. Christine
   Min, Qilong
   Ogren, John A.
TI An assessment of aerosol-cloud interactions in marine stratus clouds
   based on surface remote sensing
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SATELLITE-DERIVED CLOUD; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ALBEDO;
   CLIMATE; POLLUTION; MICROPHYSICS; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT; FRACTION
AB An assessment of aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) from ground-based remote sensing under coastal stratiform clouds is presented. The assessment utilizes a long-term, high temporal resolution data set from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program deployment at Pt. Reyes, California, United States, in 2005 to provide statistically robust measures of ACI and to characterize the variability of the measures based on variability in environmental conditions and observational approaches. The average ACI(N) (= dlnN(d)/dln alpha, the change in cloud drop number concentration with aerosol concentration) is 0.48, within a physically plausible range of 0-1.0. Values vary between 0.18 and 0.69 with dependence on (1) the assumption of constant cloud liquid water path (LWP), (2) the relative value of cloud LWP, (3) methods for retrieving N-d, (4) aerosol size distribution, (5) updraft velocity, and (6) the scale and resolution of observations. The sensitivity of the local, diurnally averaged radiative forcing to this variability in ACI(N) values, assuming an aerosol perturbation of 500 cm(-3) relative to a background concentration of 100 cm(-3), ranges between -4 and -9 W m(-2). Further characterization of ACI and its variability is required to reduce uncertainties in global radiative forcing estimates.
C1 [McComiskey, Allison] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [McComiskey, Allison; Feingold, Graham; Frisch, A. Shelby] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Frisch, A. Shelby] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Miller, Mark A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
   [Chiu, J. Christine] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   [Chiu, J. Christine] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Min, Qilong] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
   [Ogren, John A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP McComiskey, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM allison.mccomiskey@noaa.gov
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; McComiskey,
   Allison/I-3933-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Manager, CSD
   Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; McComiskey,
   Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; 
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AI02-06ER64215,
   DE-FG02-06ER64167, DE-FG0208ER64563, DE-FG02-03ER63531]
FX This work was supported by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program
   of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under grants
   DE-AI02-06ER64215, DE-FG02-06ER64167, DE-FG0208ER64563, and
   DE-FG02-03ER63531.
NR 55
TC 59
Z9 59
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 5
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D09203
DI 10.1029/2008JD011006
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 443SB
UT WOS:000265929800002
ER

PT J
AU Bacopoulos, P
   Funakoshi, Y
   Hagen, SC
   Cox, AT
   Cardone, VJ
AF Bacopoulos, Peter
   Funakoshi, Yuji
   Hagen, Scott C.
   Cox, Andrew T.
   Cardone, Vincent J.
TI The role of meteorological forcing on the St. Johns River (Northeastern
   Florida)
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Storm surges; Astronomic tides; Two-dimensional models; Hydrodynamics;
   Coastal processes; Florida Coast
ID UNSTRUCTURED MESH GENERATION; WIND; MODEL; HURRICANES; SIMULATION;
   EQUATION; DOMAIN; TIDE
AB Water surface elevations in the St. Johns River (Northeastern Florida) are simulated over a 122-day time period spanning June 1-September 30, 2005, which relates to a particularly active hurricane season for the Atlantic basin, and includes Hurricane Ophelia that significantly impacted the St. Johns River. The hydrodynamic model employed for calculating two-dimensional flows is the ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation Model for Oceanic, Coastal, and Estuarine Waters) numerical code. The region of interest is modeled using three variations of an unstructured, finite element mesh: (1) a large-scale computational domain that hones in on the St. Johns River from the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea; (2) a shelf-based subset of the large domain; (3) an inlet-based subset of the large domain. Numerical experiments are then conducted in order to examine the relative importance of three long-wave forcing mechanisms for the St. Johns River: (1) astronomic tides; (2) freshwater river inflows; (3) winds and pressure variations.
   Two major findings result from the various modeling approaches considered in this study, and are applicable in general (e.g., over the entire 122-day time period) and even more so for extreme storm events (e.g., Hurricane Ophelia): (1) meteorological forcing for the St. Johns River is equal to or greater than that of astronomic tides and generally supersedes the impact of freshwater river inflows, while pressure variations provide minimal impact; (2) water Surface elevations in the St. Johns River are dependent upon the remote effects caused by winds occurring in the deep ocean, in addition to local wind effects. During periods of calm weather through the 122-day time period, water surface elevations in the St. Johns River were generally tidal in response, with amplitudes exceeding 1 m at the mouth and diminishing to less than 10 cm 150 km upriver. Considering an extreme storm event, the timing of Hurricane Ophelia occurred during the neap phase of the tidal cycle and at the mouth of the St. Johns River, the wind-driven storm Surge was near equal to the tidal component, each contributing about 0.5 m to the overall water surface elevation. However, 150 km upriver, meteorological forcing dominated, as over 90% of the total water Surface elevation was driven by winds and pressures. The simulation results replicate these behaviors well. As a supplement, it is shown that applying a hydrograph boundary condition, generated by a large domain, to a localized domain is highly beneficial towards accounting for the remote wind forcing. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bacopoulos, Peter; Hagen, Scott C.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
   [Funakoshi, Yuji] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Cox, Andrew T.; Cardone, Vincent J.] Oceanweather Inc, Cos Cob, CT 06807 USA.
RP Bacopoulos, P (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd,POB 162450, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
EM busy_child29@hotmail.com; yuji.funakoshi@noaa.gov; shagen@mail.ucf.edu;
   andrewc@oceanweather.com; vincec@oceanweather.com
NR 29
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD MAY 5
PY 2009
VL 369
IS 1-2
BP 55
EP 70
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.027
PG 16
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 446OJ
UT WOS:000266130600005
ER

PT J
AU Vanderah, DJ
   Vierling, RJ
   Walker, ML
AF Vanderah, David J.
   Vierling, Ryan J.
   Walker, Marlon L.
TI Oligo(ethylene oxide) Self-Assembled Monolayers, with Self-Limiting
   Packing Densities for the Inhibition of Nonspecific Protein Adsorption
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID POLY(L-LYSINE)-G-POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) LAYERS; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE);
   GRAFTED POLYMERS; 1-THIAHEXA(ETHYLENE OXIDE); NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY;
   SURFACE INTERACTIONS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CHAIN DENSITY; RESISTANCE;
   GOLD
AB We have created a molecule that forms self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au, possessing the characteristics for inhibition of nonspecific protein adsorption, i.e., uniformly distributed, loosely packed, conformationally mobile, hydrated ethylene oxide (EO) chains of near optimal packing densities. SAMs of the bipodal molecule CH(3)O (CH(2)CH(2)O),CH(2)CON(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)SCOCH(3))(2) [NN-(bis-3'-thioacetylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxanonadecanamide (BTHA)] on polycrystalline Au are described. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy data indicate that BTHA SAM thickness and EO chain disorder closely match that of partially formed monothio-(EO)(5-6)CH(3) SAMs when they exhibit maximum inhibition of protein adsorption. However, in contrast to the monothio-(EO)(5-6)CH(3) SAMs, the BTHA SAM thickness and EO chain disorder remain constant in the presence of unbound molecules because of the structurally imposed upper limit of one EO chain per two Au occupancy sites. SE data indicate high resistance to protein adsorption for bovine serum albumin, fibrinogen, and a mixture of the two, suggesting uniform EO surface coverage on a length scale at least equal to the smallest dimension of these proteins.
C1 [Vanderah, David J.; Vierling, Ryan J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Walker, Marlon L.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Vanderah, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.vanderah@nist.gov
FU NIST
FX R.J.V. was supported by the NIST summer undergraduate research fellow
   SURF) program (2006 and 2007). We thank Dr. Lee Richter for helpful
   discussions and use of instrumentation.
NR 41
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD MAY 5
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 9
BP 5026
EP 5030
DI 10.1021/la803896a
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 438AP
UT WOS:000265528600029
PM 19358588
ER

PT J
AU Kofu, M
   Qiu, Y
   Bao, W
   Lee, SH
   Chang, S
   Wu, T
   Wu, G
   Chen, XH
AF Kofu, M.
   Qiu, Y.
   Bao, Wei
   Lee, S-H
   Chang, S.
   Wu, T.
   Wu, G.
   Chen, X. H.
TI Neutron scattering investigation of the magnetic order in single
   crystalline BaFe2As2
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; NODELESS SUPERCONDUCTING GAPS;
   ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; EARTH; LIFEAS; METAL
AB The magnetic structure of BaFe2As2 was determined from polycrystalline neutron diffraction measurements soon after the ThCr2Si2-type FeAs-based superconductors were discovered. Both the moment direction and the in-plane antiferromagnetic wavevector are along the longer a-axis of the orthorhombic unit cell. There is only one combined magnetostructural transition at similar to 140 K. However, a later single-crystal neutron diffraction work reported contradicting results. Here, we show neutron diffraction results from a single-crystal sample, grown by a self-flux method, that support the original polycrystalline work.
C1 [Bao, Wei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Kofu, M.; Lee, S-H] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
   [Qiu, Y.; Chang, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Wu, T.; Wu, G.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, T.; Wu, G.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.
RP Bao, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM wbao@lanl.gov
RI Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011
OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X
FU Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and Technology
   of China [2006CB601001]; National Basic Research Program of China
   [2006CB922005]; US DOE [DE-FG02-07ER45384]; NSF [DMR-0454672]
FX Work at LANL is supported by US DOE-OS-BES, at USTC by the Natural
   Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Science and Technology of China
   (973 Project No: 2006CB601001) and by the National Basic Research
   Program of China (2006CB922005), at UVA by the US DOE through
   DE-FG02-07ER45384. The SPINS at NIST is partially supported by NSF under
   Agreement No. DMR-0454672.
NR 74
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 14
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD MAY 5
PY 2009
VL 11
AR 055001
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/5/055001
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 448AU
UT WOS:000266234300001
ER

PT J
AU Chai, H
   Lee, JJW
   Constantino, PJ
   Lucas, PW
   Lawn, BR
AF Chai, Herzl
   Lee, James J. -W.
   Constantino, Paul J.
   Lucas, Peter W.
   Lawn, Brian R.
TI Remarkable resilience of teeth
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE dental enamel; evolutionary biology; fracture; microstructure; tufts
ID HUMAN ENAMEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENTAL ENAMEL; TOOTH ENAMEL; BITE
   FORCE; FRACTURE; EVOLUTION; FAILURE; DIET; DIFFERENTIATION
AB Tooth enamel is inherently weak, with fracture toughness comparable with glass, yet it is remarkably resilient, surviving millions of functional contacts over a lifetime. We propose a microstructural mechanism of damage resistance, based on observations from ex situ loading of human and sea otter molars (teeth with strikingly similar structural features). Section views of the enamel implicate tufts, hypomineralized crack-like defects at the enamel-dentin junction, as primary fracture sources. We report a stabilization in the evolution of these defects, by "stress shielding'' from neighbors, by inhibition of ensuing crack extension from prism interweaving (decussation), and by self-healing. These factors, coupled with the capacity of the tooth configuration to limit the generation of tensile stresses in largely compressive biting, explain how teeth may absorb considerable damage over time without catastrophic failure, an outcome with strong implications concerning the adaptation of animal species to diet.
C1 [Lee, James J. -W.; Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
   [Lee, James J. -W.; Constantino, Paul J.; Lucas, Peter W.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM brian.lawn@nist.gov
FU Washington University Research Enhancement Fund
FX We thank Sangwon Myoung for assistance with specimen preparation. This
   work was supported by the George Washington University Research
   Enhancement Fund (to P.J.C.).
NR 44
TC 103
Z9 103
U1 7
U2 31
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 5
PY 2009
VL 106
IS 18
BP 7289
EP 7293
DI 10.1073/pnas.0902466106
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 441QI
UT WOS:000265783600006
PM 19365079
ER

PT J
AU Portmann, RW
   Solomon, S
   Hegerl, GC
AF Portmann, Robert W.
   Solomon, Susan
   Hegerl, Gabriele C.
TI Spatial and seasonal patterns in climate change, temperatures, and
   precipitation across the United States
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE atmosphere; trends
ID EXTREMES; 20TH-CENTURY
AB Changes in climate during the 20th century differ from region to region across the United States. We provide strong evidence that spatial variations in US temperature trends are linked to the hydrologic cycle, and we also present unique information on the seasonal and latitudinal structure of the linkage. We show that there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between trends in daily temperature and average daily precipitation across regions. This linkage is most pronounced in the southern United States (30-40 degrees N) during the May-June time period and, to a lesser extent, in the northern United States (40-50 degrees N) during the July-August time period. It is strongest in trends in maximum temperatures (T-max) and 90th percentile exceedance trends (90PET), and less pronounced in the T-max 10PET and the corresponding T-min statistics, and it is robust to changes in analysis period. Although previous studies suggest that areas of increased precipitation may have reduced trends in temperature compared with drier regions, a change in sign from positive to negative trends suggests some additional cause. We show that trends in precipitation may account for some, but not likely all, of the cause point to evidence that shows that dynamical patterns (El Nino/Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, etc.) cannot account for the observed effects during May-June. We speculate that changing aerosols, perhaps related to vegetation changes, and increased strength of the aerosol direct and indirect effect may play a role in the observed linkages between these indices of temperature change and the hydrologic cycle.
C1 [Portmann, Robert W.; Solomon, Susan] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Hegerl, Gabriele C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Portmann, RW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM robert.w.portmann@noaa.gov
RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; 
NR 21
TC 109
Z9 109
U1 4
U2 47
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 5
PY 2009
VL 106
IS 18
BP 7324
EP 7329
DI 10.1073/pnas.0808533106
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 441QI
UT WOS:000265783600013
PM 19380730
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, Y
   Ma, L
AF Zhang, Yu
   Ma, Li
TI Optimization of ceramic strength using elastic gradients
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Functionally graded materials (FGM); Ceramic matrix composites (CMC);
   Modulus gradients; Flexure formulas; Stress dissipation
ID CONTACT-DAMAGE RESISTANCE; FUNCTIONALLY GRADED BEAMS; CRACK; MODULUS;
   GLASS; DEFORMATION; INDENTATION; SURFACES; HARDNESS; ALUMINA
AB We present a new concept for strengthening ceramics by utilizing a graded structure with a low elastic modulus at both top and bottom Surfaces sandwiching a high-modulus interior. Closed-form equations have been developed for stress analysis of simply supported graded sandwich beams subject to transverse center loads. Theory predicts that suitable modulus gradients at the ceramic surface call effectively reduce and spread the maximum bending stress front the surface into the interior. The magnitude of such stress dissipation is governed by the thickness ratio of the beam to the graded layers. We test Our concept by infiltrating both top and bottom surfaces of a strong class of zirconia ceramic with an in-house prepared glass of similar coefficient of thermal expansion and Poisson's ratio to zirconia, producing a controlled modulus gradient at the surface without significant long-range residual stresses. The resultant graded glass/zirconia/glass composite exhibits significantly higher load-bearing capacity than homogeneous zirconia. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Yu] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA.
   [Ma, Li] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 345 E 24th St,Room 813C, New York, NY 10010 USA.
EM yz21@nyu.edu
FU US Division of Civil, Mechanical & Manufacturing Innovation, National
   Science Foundation [CMMI-0758530]; US National Institute of Dental &
   Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health [1R01 DE017925]
FX Valuable discussions with Drs. Brian R. Lawn and Lyle E. Levine are
   appreciated. This investigation was supported in part by Research Grant
   CMMI-0758530 (PI Zhang) from the US Division of Civil, Mechanical &
   Manufacturing Innovation, National Science Foundation and Research Grant
   1R01 DE017925 (PI Zhang) from the US National Institute of Dental &
   Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health.
NR 24
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 4
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 57
IS 9
BP 2721
EP 2729
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.02.037
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 447GT
UT WOS:000266180300014
PM 20161019
ER

PT J
AU Mertens, CJ
   Winick, JR
   Picard, RH
   Evans, DS
   Lopez-Puertas, M
   Wintersteiner, PP
   Xu, XJ
   Mlynczak, MG
   Russell, JM
AF Mertens, Christopher J.
   Winick, Jeremy R.
   Picard, Richard H.
   Evans, David S.
   Lopez-Puertas, Manuel
   Wintersteiner, Peter P.
   Xu, Xiaojing
   Mlynczak, Martin G.
   Russell, James M., III
TI Influence of solar-geomagnetic disturbances on SABER measurements of 4.3
   mu m emission and the retrieval of kinetic temperature and carbon
   dioxide
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE SABER; Temperature; Carbon Dioxide (CO2); Infrared remote sensing;
   Non-LTE; Radiation Transfer; Ionosphere E-Region; Magnetic Storms;
   E-Region Ion-Neutral Chemistry
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; ROTATIONALLY EXCITED NO+; ION-MOLECULE
   REACTION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; AURORAL ELECTRONS; UPPER MESOSPHERE;
   INFRARED BANDS; LIMB EMISSION; GROUND-STATE; CO2
AB Thermospheric infrared radiance at 4.3 mu m is susceptible to the influence of solar-geomagnetic disturbances. Ionization processes followed by ion-neutral chemical reactions lead to vibrationally excited NO+ (i.e., NO+(v)) and subsequent 4.3 mu m emission in the ionospheric E-region. Large enhancements of nighttime 4.3 mu m emission were observed by the TIMED/SABER instrument during the April 2002 and October-November 2003 solar storms. Global measurements of infrared 4.3 mu m emission provide an excellent proxy to observe the nighttime E-region response to auroral dosing and to conduct a detailed study of E-region ion-neutral chemistry and energy transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, we find that photoionization processes followed by ion-neutral reactions during quiescent. daytime conditions increase the NW concentration enough to introduce biases in the TIMED/SABER operational processing of kinetic temperature and CO2 data, with the largest effect at summer solstice. In this paper. we discuss solar storm enhancements of 4.3 mu m emission observed from SABER and assess the impact of NO+ (v) 4.3 mu m emission on quiescent. daytime retrievals of Tk/CO2 from the SABER instrument. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR
C1 [Mertens, Christopher J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   [Winick, Jeremy R.; Picard, Richard H.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA.
   [Evans, David S.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Lopez-Puertas, Manuel] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
   [Wintersteiner, Peter P.] ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02451 USA.
   [Xu, Xiaojing] SSAI Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
   [Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
RP Mertens, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,MS 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM Christopher.J.Mertens@nasa.gov; jeremy.winick@hanscom.af.mil;
   richard.picard@hanscom.af.mil; David.S.Evans@noaa.gov; puertas@iaa.es;
   winters@arcon.com; xiaojing_xu@ssaihq.com; Martin.G.Mlynczak@nasa.gov;
   james.russell@hamptonu.edu
RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013
OI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734
NR 51
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
EI 1879-1948
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 9
BP 1325
EP 1336
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.029
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 442DV
UT WOS:000265821100003
ER

PT J
AU Rimmer, CA
   Sander, LC
AF Rimmer, Catherine A.
   Sander, Lane C.
TI Shape selectivity in embedded polar group stationary phases for liquid
   chromatography
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Liquid chromatography; Shape selectivity; Embedded polar group
ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; AQUEOUS MOBILE PHASES; CONSTRAINED
   SOLUTES; RETENTION BEHAVIOR; BASIC COMPOUNDS; BONDED PHASES; HPLC;
   COLUMNS; CLASSIFICATION; PERFORMANCE
AB Seven columns with embedded polar functionality were evaluated for use in liquid chromatography with a focus on molecular shape recognition. Tests based on Standard Reference Material 869b Column Selectivity Test Mixture for Liquid Chromatography and the Tanaka test indicate that only two of the phases are slightly shape selective at 20 degrees C. The shape recognition characteristics of the phases appear to be directly related to the density of the embedded polar ligands and the temperature of the separation, consistent with trends observed with conventional hydrocarbon phases.
C1 [Rimmer, Catherine A.; Sander, Lane C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rimmer, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM catherine.rimmer@nist.gov
NR 36
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 394
IS 1
BP 285
EP 291
DI 10.1007/s00216-009-2649-4
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 431BG
UT WOS:000265035700029
PM 19221720
ER

PT J
AU Brennan, RG
   Rabb, SA
   Holden, MJ
   Winchester, MR
   Turk, GC
AF Brennan, Ryan G.
   Rabb, Savelas A.
   Holden, Marcia J.
   Winchester, Michael R.
   Turk, Gregory C.
TI Potential Primary Measurement Tool for the Quantification of DNA
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-EFFICIENCY NEBULIZER; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS;
   QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; ICP-OES; PHOSPHORUS; ASSAY;
   SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE
AB An automated sample introduction system, utilizing a demountable direct injection high-efficiency nebulizer (d-DIHEN), is successfully incorporated for the first time with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) for the measurement of the phosphorus content in acid-digested nucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). With this experimental setup, the solution uptake rate and volume are reduced from 170 to 30 mu L min(-1) and from 10, to 2.4 mL, respectively, thereby reducing the required DNA sample mass for solutions containing 3 mu g g(-1) P from 300 to 72 mu g of DNA, in comparison to previous analyses in our laboratory using a glass concentric nebulizer with cyclonic spray chamber arrangement The use of direct injection also improves P (1) 213.617 nm sensitivity by a factor of 4 on average. A high-performance (HP) methodology in combination with the previous sample introduction system and ICP-OES provides simultaneous, time-correlated internal standardization and drift correction resulting in relative expanded uncertainties (% U) for the P mass fractions in the range of 0.1-0.4 (95% confidence level) for most of the thymidine 5'-monophosphate (TMP), calf thymus DNA (CTDNA), and plasmid DNA (PLDNA) analyses. The d-DIHEN with HP-ICP-OES methodology allows for the quantification of DNA mass at P mass fractions as low as 0.5 mu g g(-1), further reducing the required DNA mass to 12 mu g, with small uncertainty (<= 0.4%). This successful approach will aid in the development and certification of nucleic acid certified reference materials (CRMs), particularly for these samples that are typically limited in volume.
C1 [Brennan, Ryan G.; Rabb, Savelas A.; Winchester, Michael R.; Turk, Gregory C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Holden, Marcia J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Brennan, Ryan G.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
RP Rabb, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM savelas.rabb@nist.gov
NR 35
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 81
IS 9
BP 3414
EP 3420
DI 10.1021/ac802688x
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 439MY
UT WOS:000265632400031
PM 19344148
ER

PT J
AU Ritter, S
   Brennecke, F
   Baumann, K
   Donner, T
   Guerlin, C
   Esslinger, T
AF Ritter, S.
   Brennecke, F.
   Baumann, K.
   Donner, T.
   Guerlin, C.
   Esslinger, T.
TI Dynamical coupling between a Bose-Einstein condensate and a cavity
   optical lattice
SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Spring Meeting of the Quantum Optics and Photonics Section of the
   German-Physical-Society
CY MAR, 2008
CL Darmstadt, GERMANY
SP German Phys Soc
ID RADIATION-PRESSURE; SINGLE ATOMS; PHOTONS; OPTOMECHANICS; MICROMIRROR;
   BISTABILITY; RESONATOR; MIRROR
AB A Bose-Einstein condensate is dispersively coupled to a single mode of an ultra-high finesse optical cavity. The system is governed by strong interactions between the atomic motion and the light field even at the level of single quanta. While coherently pumping the cavity mode the condensate is subject to the cavity optical lattice potential whose depth depends nonlinearly on the atomic density distribution. We observe optical bistability already below the single photon level and strong back-action dynamics which tunes the coupled system periodically out of resonance.
C1 [Ritter, S.; Brennecke, F.; Baumann, K.; Donner, T.; Guerlin, C.; Esslinger, T.] ETH, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Ritter, S.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
   [Donner, T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Donner, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Esslinger, T (reprint author), ETH, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM esslinger@phys.ethz.ch
RI Donner, Tobias/A-2845-2011; Ritter, Stephan/F-1579-2010; Baumann,
   Kristian/M-9653-2013; Esslinger, Tilman/M-9022-2016
OI Donner, Tobias/0000-0001-7016-587X; Ritter, Stephan/0000-0001-9002-7407;
   Esslinger, Tilman/0000-0002-8333-107X
NR 42
TC 64
Z9 65
U1 3
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0946-2171
EI 1432-0649
J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O
JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 95
IS 2
BP 213
EP 218
DI 10.1007/s00340-009-3436-9
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 429TT
UT WOS:000264943700005
ER

PT J
AU Inn, KGW
   LaRosa, J
   Nour, S
   Brooks, G
   Lamont, S
   Steiner, R
   Williams, R
   Patton, B
   Bostick, D
   Eiden, G
   Petersen, S
   Douglas, M
   Beals, D
   Cadieux, J
   Hall, G
   Goldberg, S
   Vogt, S
AF Inn, Kenneth G. W.
   LaRosa, Jerome
   Nour, Svetlana
   Brooks, George
   Lamont, Steve
   Steiner, Rob
   Williams, Ross
   Patton, Brad
   Bostick, Debbie
   Eiden, Gregory
   Petersen, Steve
   Douglas, Matthew
   Beals, Donna
   Cadieux, James
   Hall, Greg
   Goldberg, Steve
   Vogt, Stephan
TI Ultra-low level plutonium isotopes in the NIST SRM 4355A (Peruvian
   Soil-1)
SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology-Low-Level
   Radioactivity Measurement Techniques
CY SEP 22-26, 2008
CL Braunschweig, GERMANY
DE Analytical blank; Inductively-couple-plasma mass spectrometry;
   Plutonium; Radiochemistry; Reference material; Sediment;
   Thermal-ionization mass spectrometry
ID ATOM RATIOS; NP-237; PU; FALLOUT; SAMPLES
AB For more than 20 years, countries and their agencies which monitor radionuclide discharge sites and storage facilities have relied on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 4355 Peruvian Soil. Its low fallout contamination makes it an ideal soil blank for measurements associated with terrestrial-pathway-to-man studies. Presently, SRM 4355 is out of stock, and a new batch of the Peruvian soil is currently under development as future NIST SRM 4355A. Both environmental radioanalytical laboratories and mass spectrometry communities will benefit from the use of this SRM. The former must assess their laboratory procedural contamination and measurement detection limits by measurement of blank sample material. The Peruvian Soil is so low in anthropogenic radionuclide content that it is a suitable virtual blank. On the other hand, mass spectrometric laboratories have high sensitivity instruments that are capable of quantitative isotopic measurements at low plutonium levels in the SRM 4355 (first Peruvian Soil SRM) that provided the mass spectrometric community with the calibration, quality control, and testing material needed for methods development and legal defensibility.
   The quantification of the ultra-low plutonium content in the SRM 4355A was a considerable challenge for the mass spectrometric laboratories. Careful blank control and correction, isobaric interferences, instrument stability, peak assessment, and detection assessment were necessary. Furthermore, a systematic statistical evaluation of the measurement results and considerable discussions with the mass spectroscopy metrologists were needed to derive the certified values and uncertainties. The one sided upper limit of the 95% tolerance with 95% confidence for the massic (239)Pu content in SRM 4355A is estimated to be 54,000 atoms/g. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.; LaRosa, Jerome; Nour, Svetlana] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Brooks, George; Lamont, Steve; Steiner, Rob] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Williams, Ross] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
   [Patton, Brad; Bostick, Debbie] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Eiden, Gregory; Petersen, Steve; Douglas, Matthew] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Beals, Donna; Cadieux, James; Hall, Greg] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA.
   [Goldberg, Steve; Vogt, Stephan] New Brunswick Lab, Argonne, IL USA.
RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kenneth.inn@nist.gov
OI Douglas, Matthew/0000-0001-9708-1780
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-8043
J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES
JI Appl. Radiat. Isot.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 67
IS 5
BP 667
EP 671
DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.007
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology,
   Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
GA 446OD
UT WOS:000266130000002
PM 19264497
ER

PT J
AU Michaels, CA
   Masiello, T
   Chu, PM
AF Michaels, Chris A.
   Masiello, Tony
   Chu, Pamela M.
TI Fourier Transform Spectrometry with a Near-Infrared Supercontinuum
   Source
SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; Supercontinuum radiation;
   Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FT-IR spectroscopy
ID ZBLAN FLUORIDE FIBERS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; NM;
   BANDWIDTH; CELLS; BANDS
AB Optical fiber based supercontinuum light sources combine the brightness of lasers with the broad bandwidth of incandescent lamps and thus are promising candidates for sources in spectroscopic applications requiring high brightness and broad bandwidth. Herein, near-infrared (IR) Fourier transform (FT) spectrometry with a supercontinuum (SC) light source is investigated. The efficient, collimated propagation of broad bandwidth SC light through an 18 m path length multipass cell is demonstrated. A normalized spectral difference is calculated for the SC spectrum on consecutive FT mirror scans and is found to vary by less than 0.5%, indicating excellent spectral stability. The rms noise on zero absorbance lines is obtained as a function of the number of mirror scans at 0.125, 2, and 16 cm(-1) resolution for both the SC and conventional tungsten lamp source. The SC source has approximately a factor of ten times more noise than the lamp under comparable conditions for each resolution and data acquisition time. This clearly indicates that spectral acquisition with the SC source is not detector noise limited. NIR-FT spectra of methane and methyl salicylate, acquired with both the SC and lamp source, are reported. These spectra illustrate the advantage the SC source has over the incandescent source in that it can efficiently traverse long path lengths, thus providing a sensitivity advantage. The spectra also demonstrate the disadvantage of the SC source with respect to the lamp in the increased level of amplitude noise. Prospects for the future use of SC sources in absorption spectroscopy, including possible noise mitigation strategies, are briefly discussed.
C1 [Michaels, Chris A.; Masiello, Tony; Chu, Pamela M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Michaels, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chris.Michaels@nist.gov
FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate
FX The authors would like to thank Steve Brown for making the SC source
   available for these measurements. Additionally, the authors would like
   to thank the NIST Gas Metrology Group for the CH<INF>4</INF> in
   N<INF>2</INF> cylinder sample and the U.S. Department of Homeland
   Security Science and Technology Directorate for partial support of this
   work.
NR 27
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 10
PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
PI FREDERICK
PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA
SN 0003-7028
J9 APPL SPECTROSC
JI Appl. Spectrosc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 63
IS 5
BP 538
EP 543
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
GA 445LN
UT WOS:000266052400008
PM 19470210
ER

PT J
AU Sokol, Z
   Kitzmiller, D
   Pesice, P
   Guan, S
AF Sokol, Z.
   Kitzmiller, D.
   Pesice, P.
   Guan, S.
TI Operational 0-3 h probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts:
   Recent performance and potential enhancements
SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Precipitation in Urban Areas
CY DEC 07-10, 2006
CL St Moritz, SWITZERLAND
DE Precipitation; Prediction; Convection; Radar; Nowcasting
ID RADAR RAINFALL; ECONOMIC VALUE; PART I; WSR-88D; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION;
   PREDICTION; ALGORITHM; TRACKING; QPF
AB The NOAA National Weather Service has maintained an automated. centralized 0-3 h prediction system for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts since 2001. This advective-statistical system (ADSTAT) produces probabilities that rainfall will exceed multiple threshold values up to 50 mm at some location within a 40-km grid box. Operational characteristics and development methods for the system are described. Although development data were stratified by season and time of day, ADSTAT utilizes only a single set of nation-wide equations that relate predictor variables derived from radar reflectivity, lightning, satellite infrared temperatures, and numerical prediction model output to rainfall occurrence. A verification study documented herein showed that the operational ADSTAT reliably models regional variations in the relative frequency of heavy rain events. This was true even in the western United States, where no regional-scale, gridded hourly precipitation data were available during the development period in the 1990s. An effort was recently launched to improve the quality of ADSTAT forecasts by regionalizing the prediction equations and to adapt the model for application in the Czech Republic. We have experimented with incorporating various levels of regional specificity in the probability equations. The geographic localization study showed that in the warm season, regional climate differences and variations in the diurnal temperature cycle have a marked effect on the predictor-predictand relationships, and thus regionalization would lead to better statistical reliability in the forecasts. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sokol, Z.; Pesice, P.] Inst Atmospher Phys AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic.
   [Kitzmiller, D.; Guan, S.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Sokol, Z (reprint author), Inst Atmospher Phys AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic.
EM sokol@ufa.cas.cz; david.kitzmiller@noaa.gov
RI Sokol, Zbynek/K-4382-2012; Pesice, Petr/F-5118-2014
OI Sokol, Zbynek/0000-0001-9408-9138; 
NR 43
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0169-8095
J9 ATMOS RES
JI Atmos. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 92
IS 3
BP 318
EP 330
DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.01.011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 437CU
UT WOS:000265464600005
ER

PT J
AU Kramida, AE
   Shirai, T
AF Kramida, A. E.
   Shirai, T.
TI Energy levels and spectral lines of tungsten, W III through W LXXIV
SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES
LA English
DT Review
ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; I ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS;
   HELIUM-LIKE IONS; DOUBLY IONIZED TUNGSTEN; NICKEL-LIKE IONS; ZN-LIKE
   IONS; IONIZATION ENERGIES; RESONANCE LINES; GROUND-STATE
AB The energy levels and spectral lines of multiply ionized tungsten atoms, W(2+) through W(73+), have been compiled. Experimental data on spectral lines and energy levels exist for the spectra of W III through W VII, W XXVIII through W LI, W LIII, and W LV through LXV. For W VIII, the four lowest energy levels were derived from the series limits of W VII. For W LXIV (Na-like) and W LVI (K-like), We Supplement experimental data on energy levels and wavelengths with predicted values found by accurate interpolations and extrapolations along the isoelectronic sequences. For W LXXIII (He-like) and W LXXIV (H-like), theoretical data on energy levels and line wavelengths are compiled, For W III, we include experimentally determined radiative transition probabilities where available. The ground state configurations and terms were determined for all stages of ionization. A value of ionization energy is included for each ion. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kramida, A. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Shirai, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan.
RP Kramida, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8422, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Alexander.Kramida@nist.gov
OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
FX One of the present authors (T. Shirai) participated in this work at an
   early stage of the project, until he died in 2002. The assistance of H.
   Kubo of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency with transferring the data
   preliminarily assembled by Dr. T. Shirai to the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank
   J. Reader, W.C. Martin, and Yu. Ralchenko for many helpful discussions.
   We are grateful to C. Biedermarm and T. Putterich for providing their
   data prior to publication. We also thank C. Biedermann for careful
   reading of the manuscript and valuable comments. This work was Supported
   in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department
   of Energy.
NR 88
TC 116
Z9 117
U1 3
U2 22
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0092-640X
J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA
JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 95
IS 3
BP 305
EP 474
DI 10.1016/j.adt.2008.12.002
PG 170
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA 442RH
UT WOS:000265857800001
ER

PT J
AU Franaszek, M
   Cheok, GS
   Witzgall, C
AF Franaszek, Marek
   Cheok, Geraldine S.
   Witzgall, Christoph
TI Fast automatic registration of range images from 3D imaging systems
   using sphere targets
SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION
LA English
DT Article
DE 3D imaging system; Automated object recognition; Sphere fitting;
   Target-based registration
ID LEAST-SQUARES; CIRCLE; SEGMENTATION; PRIMITIVES
AB The use of 3D imaging systems (e.g., laser scanners) in construction has grown significantly in the past decade. Range images acquired with such systems often require registration. This paper describes an automatic method to rapidly locate spheres and perform a registration based on three pairs of matching points (centers of fitted spheres) in two range images. The proposed method is directly applicable for regularly gridded datasets obtained with instruments that are typically used for construction applications and whose maximum ranges are greater than 50 m. A lab was scanned from two locations at three different scan densities. Four spheres were located in the lab, and the total number of points hitting the four spheres was a small fraction (<0.01%) of all the points in the dataset. At the highest scan density, the registration of two datasets with 6.4 x 10(6) and 3.4 x 10(6) points is obtained in less than 30 s. At the medium scan density, two range images with 1.6 x 10(6) and 0.8 x 10(6) points can be registered in less than 2 s. Published by Elsevier BY.
C1 [Franaszek, Marek; Cheok, Geraldine S.] NIST, Construct Metrol & Automat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Witzgall, Christoph] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), NIST, Construct Metrol & Automat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM marek@nist.gov
NR 32
TC 22
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-5805
J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR
JI Autom. Constr.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 3
BP 265
EP 274
DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2008.08.003
PG 10
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 419HV
UT WOS:000264211200004
ER

PT J
AU Kristiansen, T
   Jorgensen, C
   Lough, RG
   Vikebo, F
   Fiksen, O
AF Kristiansen, T.
   Jorgensen, C.
   Lough, R. G.
   Vikebo, F.
   Fiksen, O.
TI Modeling rule-based behavior: habitat selection and the growth-survival
   trade-off in larval cod
SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE behavioral heuristics; diel vertical migration; individual-based model;
   larval cod; trade-off
ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS; GADUS-MORHUA L; GEORGES-BANK; MARINE FISHES;
   LIFE-HISTORY; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; PREY SELECTION; MATCH-MISMATCH;
   CLIMATE-CHANGE; PELAGIC FISH
AB Environmental variation can cause significant fluctuations in the survival of larval fish and plankton. Understanding these fluctuations is critical for developing more accurate fisheries models, which are needed for both scientific and socioeconomic research. Growth, survival, and dispersal of marine planktonic larvae rely strongly on their behavior. Larval fish change their vertical positioning due to strong vertical gradients in light, temperature, predation pressure, and prey availability. Here, we explore how various behavioral rules predict vertical distribution, growth, and survival of larval cod (Gadus morhua) in a numerical model. The rules determine the trade-offs between larval growth, feeding rate, and predation rate, including their dependence on gut fullness and body mass. We evaluated the survival through size classes for different rules and random behavior and compared model predictions with observed larval distribution patterns. The rules predicted the correct average depth position with larval size, but failed to predict the timing of the observed vertical distribution pattern. However, model simulations revealed significant increases in survival for larval and juvenile cod with active behavior compared with larvae with random behavior. Behavior was important across all sizes of fish, and this study illustrates the value or added information of incorporating behavior in biophysical models.
C1 [Kristiansen, T.; Vikebo, F.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
   [Jorgensen, C.; Fiksen, O.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
   [Lough, R. G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Kristiansen, T (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
EM trond.kristiansen@imr.no
RI Fiksen, Oyvind/F-1771-2011; Jorgensen, Christian/B-4453-2009; 
OI Fiksen, Oyvind/0000-0002-9687-5842; Jorgensen,
   Christian/0000-0001-7087-4625; Kristiansen, Trond/0000-0001-6121-297X
FU Norwegian Research Council [155930/700]; ECOBE (NORWAY-GLOBEC);
   US-GLOBEC
FX Norwegian Research Council ( P. no. 155930/700) as part of the ECOBE
   (NORWAY-GLOBEC) program and US-GLOBEC Phase 4B program.
NR 73
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 16
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1045-2249
J9 BEHAV ECOL
JI Behav. Ecol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 20
IS 3
BP 490
EP 500
DI 10.1093/beheco/arp023
PG 11
WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
   Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 443ZV
UT WOS:000265950200005
ER

PT J
AU Plant, AL
   Bhadriraju, K
   Spurlin, TA
   Elliott, JT
AF Plant, Anne L.
   Bhadriraju, Kiran
   Spurlin, Tighe A.
   Elliott, John T.
TI Cell response to matrix mechanics: Focus on collagen
SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE Extracellular matrix; Collagen; Type 1 collagen; Collagen gel; Collagen
   thin film; Collagen fibril; Vascular smooth muscle cell; Integrin;
   Mechanical cue; Myosin light chain; Cell spreading; Actin cytoskeleton;
   Proliferation
ID AUTOMATED FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHORYLATION;
   ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; KINASE RHO-KINASE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX;
   TENASCIN-C; I COLLAGEN; FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN; THIN-FILMS;
   ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS
AB Many model systems and measurement tools have been engineered for observing and quantifying the effect of mechanics on cellular response. These have contributed greatly to our current knowledge of the molecular events by which mechanical cues affect cell biology. Cell responses to the mechanical properties of type 1 collagen gels are discussed, followed by a description of a model system of very thin, mechanically tunable collagen films that evoke similar responses from cells as do gel systems, but have additional advantages. Cell responses to thin films of collagen suggest that at least some of the mechanical cues that cells can respond to in their environment occur at the sub-micron scale. Mechanical properties of thin films of collagen can be tuned without altering integrin engagement, and in some cases without altering topology, making them useful in addressing questions regarding the roles of specific integrins in transducing or mitigating responses to mechanical cues. The temporal response of cells to differences in ECM may provide insight into mechanisms of signal transduction. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Plant, Anne L.; Spurlin, Tighe A.; Elliott, John T.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Bhadriraju, Kiran] SAIC, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Plant, AL (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Anne.plant@nist.gov
NR 128
TC 49
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-4889
J9 BBA-MOL CELL RES
JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 1793
IS 5
BP 893
EP 902
DI 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.10.012
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 453YZ
UT WOS:000266650100016
PM 19027042
ER

PT J
AU Lautenbacher, CC
AF Lautenbacher, Conrad C., Jr.
TI Ocean and Atmosphere-The Future
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Lautenbacher, Conrad C., Jr.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA.
   [Lautenbacher, Conrad C., Jr.] NOAA, Washington, DC USA.
EM clautenbache@csc.com
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 59
IS 5
BP 366
EP 367
DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.5.2
PG 2
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 439HP
UT WOS:000265618500002
ER

PT J
AU Hoolihan, JP
   Luo, JG
   Richardson, DE
   Snodgrass, D
   Orbesen, ES
   Prince, ED
AF Hoolihan, John P.
   Luo, Jiangang
   Richardson, David E.
   Snodgrass, Derke
   Orbesen, Eric S.
   Prince, Eric D.
TI VERTICAL MOVEMENT RATE ESTIMATES FOR ATLANTIC ISTIOPHORID BILLFISHES
   DERIVED FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION POP-UP SATELLITE ARCHIVAL DATA
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID BLUE MARLIN; SPORTFISHING GEAR; MAKAIRA-INDICA; BLACK MARLIN; ARABIAN
   GULF; HABITAT USE; PLATYPTERUS; TELEMETRY; BEHAVIOR
C1 [Hoolihan, John P.; Snodgrass, Derke; Orbesen, Eric S.; Prince, Eric D.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Luo, Jiangang] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Richardson, David E.] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Hoolihan, JP (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM john.hoolihan@noaa.gov
RI Orbesen, Eric/D-2220-2012
FU Billfish Foundation
FX We acknowledge the captains, anglers, and other constituents of the
   Adopt-A-Billfish program for making the PSAT deployments possible. The
   Billfish Foundation was instrumental in PSAT project funding and
   support. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not
   necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies.
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 84
IS 3
BP 257
EP 264
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 454PE
UT WOS:000266693800001
ER

PT J
AU Kendall, MS
   Bauer, LJ
   Jeffrey, CFG
AF Kendall, Matthew S.
   Bauer, Laurie J.
   Jeffrey, Chris F. G.
TI INFLUENCE OF HARD BOTTOM MORPHOLOGY ON FISH ASSEMBLAGES OF THE
   CONTINENTAL SHELF OFF GEORGIA, SOUTHEASTERN USA
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; NORTH-CAROLINA; CORAL-REEF; UNITED-STATES;
   MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; BENTHIC FEATURES;
   COMMUNITIES; PHENAX; REPRODUCTION
AB Various reef types worldwide have inconsistent relationships among fish assemblage parameters and benthic characteristics, thus there is a need to identify factors driving assemblage structure specific to each reef type and locale. Limestone ledges are known to be key habitats for bottom fish on the continental shelf of the southeastern USA, however, the specific factors that link them to fish assemblages have not been quantified. Bottom fishes and habitat characteristics on ledges were surveyed at a study site located centrally in the southeastern USA continental shelf. Species richness, diversity, abundance, and biomass of fish were higher at ledges than on flat bottom. Species richness, abundance, and biomass of fish were well explained by ledge variables including percent cover of sessile invertebrates, total height, and height of undercut recesses. Multivariate analyses based on biomass of individual species at ledges revealed two fish assemblages associated with four ledge types. One assemblage was associated with ledges that were tall, heavily colonized with sessile invertebrates, large in area, and did or did not have undercuts. The other assemblage was associated with ledges that were short, not undercut, smaller in area, and were or were not heavily colonized by invertebrates. Seafloor classification schemes presently used in the region do not adequately capture hard bottom diversity to identify the location and extent of essential fish habitats for ecological and fisheries purposes. Given that ledges cover only similar to 1% to 5% of the southeastern USA continental shelf, they merit the highest levels of consideration in regional research, conservation, and management plans.
C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.; Bauer, Laurie J.; Jeffrey, Chris F. G.] NOAA, NOS NCCOS CCMA, Biogeog Branch, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS NCCOS CCMA, Biogeog Branch, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 130 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov
FU GRNMS; NMSP/NCCOS Long Term Agreement
FX C. Caldow, R. Clark, K. Gleason, J. Waddell, and K. Woody assisted the
   authors in the collection of field data. Boat captains K. Golden, J.
   Fripp, and T. Recicar as well as the officers and crew of the NOAA ship
   NANCY FOSTER for safe transport to field sites. S. Davidson-Hile
   organized and QAQCed the dataset. Thanks to the GRNMS staff,
   particularly G. McFall for logistical support throughout the study and
   G. Sedberry for providing helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript.
   Funding was provided by GRNMS and the NMSP/NCCOS Long Term Agreement.
NR 42
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 9
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 84
IS 3
BP 265
EP 286
PG 22
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 454PE
UT WOS:000266693800002
ER

PT J
AU Allman, RJ
   Goetz, LA
AF Allman, R. J.
   Goetz, L. A.
TI REGIONAL VARIATION IN THE POPULATION STRUCTURE OF GRAY SNAPPER, LUTJANUS
   GRISEUS, ALONG THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; AGE-DETERMINATION;
   LIFE-HISTORY; FISH STOCKS; RED SNAPPER; EAST-COAST; GROWTH; REEF;
   MORTALITY
AB We examined variation in life history traits of gray snapper [Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758)] from three regions along the west Florida shelf with varying levels of fishing pressure. A total of 1132 gray snapper 254-724 mm TL were sampled from recreational and commercial fisheries. Overall the ratio of females to males was not significantly different from 1:1. Mean size decreased from north to middle to south (commercial 489-441 mm TL; recreational 501-345 mm TL). Gray snapper ages ranged from 2 to 26 yrs. Mean age decreased from north to middle to south (8.4 to 6.1 to 4.6 yrs) for the recreational fishery, while mean age in the commercial fishery was greatest in the middle region (9.4 yrs) and similar in the north (7.9 yrs) and south (7.6 yrs). Mean size-at-age for the most common ages (5-12 yrs) decreased from north to south. Von Bertalanffy growth curves differed between sexes with a greater L-infinity for males. Instantaneous mortality increased from north to south with the largest difference in the recreational fishery (Z = 0.14-0.55). Instantaneous natural mortality (M) estimates varied greatly by the method used (0.17-0.36): Hoenig's estimate of M using a maximum age of 26 yrs was 0.17; the Ralston estimate was 0.36 and the Pauly estimate was 0.24. Observed regional differences in size and age distributions as well as in growth and mortality rates are likely due to differences in exploitation rate.
C1 [Allman, R. J.; Goetz, L. A.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
RP Allman, RJ (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
EM robert.allman@noaa.gov
FU Marine Fisheries Initiative (MARFIN) Program
FX We wish to thank the many port agents who sampled gray snapper from the
   WFS. N. Evou, B. Farsky, and S. Garner processed otoliths in the
   laboratory and C. Gardner provided assistance with figures. D. DeVries,
   P. Sheridan, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments.
   Funding for this project was partially provided by the Marine Fisheries
   Initiative (MARFIN) Program.
NR 48
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 7
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
EI 1553-6955
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 84
IS 3
BP 315
EP 330
PG 16
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 454PE
UT WOS:000266693800006
ER

PT J
AU Hillger, DW
   Schmit, TJ
AF Hillger, Donald W.
   Schmit, Timothy J.
TI The GOES-13 Science Test A Synopsis
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Hillger, Donald W.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR,RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, ASPB, Madison, WI USA.
RP Hillger, DW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR,RAMMB, CIRA 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM hillger@cira.colostate.edu
RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010
OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640
NR 4
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 5
BP 592
EP 597
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2564.1
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 462LR
UT WOS:000267354800001
ER

PT J
AU Quetelard, H
   Bessemoulin, P
   Cerveny, RS
   Peterson, TC
   Burton, A
   Boodhoo, Y
AF Quetelard, Hubert
   Bessemoulin, Pierre
   Cerveny, Randall S.
   Peterson, Thomas C.
   Burton, Andrew
   Boodhoo, Yadowsun
TI WORLD-RECORD RAINFALLS DURING TROPICAL CYCLONE GAMEDE
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
AB The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Climatology (CCl) evaluation process is applied to two extreme rainfall records occurring at Cratere Commerson on La Reunion Island during the passage of the major Tropical Cyclone (TC) Gamede for inclusion into the WMO CCl World Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. In February 2007, TC Gamede made two approaches to La Reunion Island as it traversed a rather complex path in the Indian Ocean. Gamede's main feature was massive rainfall accumulation inland, with several 3- and 4-day rainfall totals exceeding 2 m. Specifically, an extreme rainfall rate of 3,929 mm over 72 h was recorded at Cratere Commerson, well above the previous world record of 3,240 mm that had been measured at Grand-Ilet during TC Hyacinthe in 1980. In addition, the Cratere Commerson rain gauge registered a rainfall total of 4,869 mm over 4 days; also well above the previous world record. The evaluation committee found that consistent regional rainfall measurements, reliable calibrated equipment, and correct recording procedures were followed throughout the event. Problems with potential wind-induced measurement errors were discussed, but the committee consensus is that such errors tend to underestimate rather than overestimate rainfall accumulations. As shown by analysis of this event, the validation process for the WMO CCl Weather and Climate Extremes Archive provides essential documentation and certification for weather extremes across the world.
C1 [Cerveny, Randall S.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   [Bessemoulin, Pierre] Meteo France, Paris, France.
   [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
   [Burton, Andrew] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Cerveny, RS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, POB 870104, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM cerveny@asu.edu
NR 6
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 5
BP 603
EP 607
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2660.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 462LR
UT WOS:000267354800002
ER

PT J
AU Legg, S
   Briegleb, B
   Chang, Y
   Chassignet, EP
   Danabasoglu, G
   Ezer, T
   Gordon, AL
   Griffies, S
   Hallberg, R
   Jackson, L
   Large, W
   Ozgokmen, TM
   Peters, H
   Price, J
   Riemenschneider, U
   Wu, WL
   Xu, XB
   Yang, JY
AF Legg, Sonya
   Briegleb, Bruce
   Chang, Yeon
   Chassignet, Eric P.
   Danabasoglu, Gokhan
   Ezer, Tal
   Gordon, Arnold L.
   Griffies, Stephen
   Hallberg, Robert
   Jackson, Laura
   Large, William
   Oezgoekmen, Tamay M.
   Peters, Hartmut
   Price, Jim
   Riemenschneider, Ulrike
   Wu, Wanli
   Xu, Xiaobiao
   Yang, Jiayan
TI IMPROVING OCEANIC OVERFLOW REPRESENTATION IN CLIMATE MODELS The Gravity
   Current Entrainment Climate Process Team
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT MODEL; BANK CHANNEL OVERFLOW; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN;
   DENSITY CURRENTS; SEA OUTFLOW; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MEDITERRANEAN
   OVERFLOW; TURBULENT ENTRAINMENT; DENMARK STRAIT; Z-COORDINATE
AB Oceanic overflows are bottom-trapped density currents originating in semienclosed basins, such as the Nordic seas, or on continental shelves, such as the Antarctic shelf. Overflows are the source of most of the abyssal waters, and therefore play an important role in the large-scale ocean circulation, forming a component of the sinking branch of the thermohaline circulation. As they descend the continental slope, overflows mix vigorously with the surrounding oceanic waters, changing their density and transport significantly. These mixing processes occur on spatial scales well below the resolution of ocean climate models, with the result that deep waters and deep western boundary currents are simulated poorly. The Gravity Current Entrainment Climate Process Team was established by the U. S. Climate Variability and Prediction (CLIVAR) Program to accelerate the development and implementation of improved representations of overflows within large-scale climate models, bringing together climate model developers with those conducting observational, numerical, and laboratory process studies of overflows. Here, the organization of the Climate Process Team is described, and a few of the successes and lessons learned during this collaboration are highlighted, with some emphasis on the well-observed Mediterranean overflow. The Climate Process Team has developed several different overflow parameterizations, which are examined in a hierarchy of ocean models, from comparatively well-resolved regional models to the largest-scale global climate models.
C1 [Legg, Sonya] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Briegleb, Bruce; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Large, William; Wu, Wanli] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Chang, Yeon; Oezgoekmen, Tamay M.; Peters, Hartmut; Xu, Xiaobiao] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA.
   [Chassignet, Eric P.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Gordon, Arnold L.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA.
   [Price, Jim; Riemenschneider, Ulrike; Yang, Jiayan] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Ezer, Tal] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA.
RP Legg, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM sonya.legg@noaa.gov
RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010; Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011; Jackson,
   Laura/J-6159-2013; 
OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095; Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071
FU NSF [OCE-0336850, OCE-0611572]; NOAA
FX The Gravity Current Entrainment Climate Process Team was funded by NSF
   grants OCE-0336850 and OCE-0611572 and NOAA as a contribution to U.
   S.CLIVAR.
NR 59
TC 70
Z9 71
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 5
BP 657
EP 670
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2667.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 462LR
UT WOS:000267354800007
ER

PT J
AU Groisman, PY
   Clark, EA
   Kattsov, VM
   Lettenmaier, DP
   Sokolik, IN
   Aizen, VB
   Cartus, O
   Chen, JQ
   Conard, S
   Katzenberger, J
   Krankina, O
   Kukkonen, J
   Machida, T
   Maksyutov, S
   Ojima, D
   Qi, JG
   Romanovsky, VE
   Santoro, M
   Schmullius, CC
   Shiklomanov, AI
   Shimoyama, K
   Shugart, HH
   Shuman, JK
   Sofiev, MA
   Sukhinin, AI
   Vorosmarty, C
   Walker, D
   Wood, EF
AF Groisman, Pavel Ya.
   Clark, Elizabeth A.
   Kattsov, Vladimir M.
   Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
   Sokolik, Irina N.
   Aizen, Vladimir B.
   Cartus, Oliver
   Chen, Jiquan
   Conard, Susan
   Katzenberger, John
   Krankina, Olga
   Kukkonen, Jaakko
   Machida, Toshinobu
   Maksyutov, Shamil
   Ojima, Dennis
   Qi, Jiaguo
   Romanovsky, Vladimir E.
   Santoro, Maurizio
   Schmullius, Christiane C.
   Shiklomanov, Alexander I.
   Shimoyama, Kou
   Shugart, Herman H.
   Shuman, Jacquelyn K.
   Sofiev, Mikhail A.
   Sukhinin, Anatoly I.
   Voeroesmarty, Charles
   Walker, Donald
   Wood, Eric F.
TI THE NORTHERN EURASIA EARTH SCIENCE PARTNERSHIP An Example of Science
   Applied to Societal Needs
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE; LAND; PRECIPITATION; DYNAMICS; SIBERIA; REGION; PRODUCTS;
   FORESTS; METHANE; EUROPE
AB Northern Eurasia, the largest land-mass in the northern extratropics, accounts for similar to 20% of the global land area. However, little is known about how the biogeochemical cycles, energy and water cycles, and human activities specific to this carbon-rich, cold region interact with global climate. A major concern is that changes in the distribution of land-based life, as well as its interactions with the environment, may lead to a self-reinforcing cycle of accelerated regional and global warming. With this as its motivation, the Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI) was formed in 2004 to better understand and quantify feedbacks between northern Eurasian and global climates. The first group of NEESPI projects has mostly focused on assembling regional databases, organizing improved environmental monitoring of the region, and studying individual environmental processes. That was a starting point to addressing emerging challenges in the region related to rapidly and simultaneously changing climate, environmental, and societal systems. More recently, the NEESPI research focus has been moving toward integrative studies, including the development of modeling capabilities to project the future state of climate, environment, and societies in the NEESPI domain. This effort will require a high level of integration of observation programs, process studies, and modeling across disciplines.
C1 [Groisman, Pavel Ya.] NOAA, UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
   [Clark, Elizabeth A.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Kattsov, Vladimir M.] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg, Russia.
   [Sokolik, Irina N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Aizen, Vladimir B.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
   [Cartus, Oliver; Schmullius, Christiane C.] Univ Jena, Jena, Germany.
   [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.
   [Conard, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA USA.
   [Katzenberger, John] Aspen Global Change Inst, Aspen, CO USA.
   [Krankina, Olga] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Kukkonen, Jaakko; Sofiev, Mikhail A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
   [Machida, Toshinobu; Maksyutov, Shamil] Natl Inst Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
   [Ojima, Dennis] H John Heinz III Ctr Sci Econ & Environm, Washington, DC USA.
   [Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Walker, Donald] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
   [Santoro, Maurizio] Gamma Remote Sensing, Gumlingen, Switzerland.
   [Shiklomanov, Alexander I.; Voeroesmarty, Charles] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Shimoyama, Kou] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
   [Shugart, Herman H.; Shuman, Jacquelyn K.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Sukhinin, Anatoly I.] Russian Acad Sci, Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
   [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Groisman, PY (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM pasha.groisman@noaa.gov
RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Shimoyama, Kou/D-9823-2012; Conard,
   Susan/H-8158-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Maksyutov,
   Shamil/G-6494-2011; Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009; Sofiev,
   Mikhail/F-7606-2016; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016
OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Maksyutov,
   Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Sofiev, Mikhail/0000-0001-9542-5746; 
NR 78
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 5
BP 671
EP 688
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2556.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 462LR
UT WOS:000267354800008
ER

PT J
AU Bromage, TG
   Lacruz, RS
   Hogg, R
   Goldman, HM
   McFarlin, SC
   Warshaw, J
   Dirks, W
   Perez-Ochoa, A
   Smolyar, I
   Enlow, DH
   Boyde, A
AF Bromage, Timothy G.
   Lacruz, Rodrigo S.
   Hogg, Russell
   Goldman, Haviva M.
   McFarlin, Shannon C.
   Warshaw, Johanna
   Dirks, Wendy
   Perez-Ochoa, Alejandro
   Smolyar, Igor
   Enlow, Donald H.
   Boyde, Alan
TI Lamellar Bone is an Incremental Tissue Reconciling Enamel Rhythms, Body
   Size, and Organismal Life History
SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Bone lamella; Enamel striae of Retzius; Chronobiology; Life history
ID DENTAL DEVELOPMENT; OSTEOCYTE DENSITY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY;
   ENERGY-METABOLISM; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; MASS; MICROSTRUCTURE; PRIMATES;
   TEETH; PERIODICITY
AB Mammalian enamel formation is periodic, including fluctuations attributable to the daily biological clock as well as longer-period oscillations that enigmatically correlate with body mass. Because the scaling of bone mass to body mass is an axiom of vertebrate hard tissue biology, we consider that long-period enamel formation rhythms may reflect corresponding and heretofore unrecognized rhythms in bone growth. The principal aim of this study is to seek a rhythm in bone growth demonstrably related to enamel oscillatory development. Our analytical approach is based in morphology, using a variety of hard tissue microscopy techniques. We first ascertain the relationship among long-period enamel rhythms, the striae of Retzius, and body mass using a large sample of mammalian taxa. In addition, we test whether osteocyte lacuna density (a surrogate for rates of cell proliferation) in bone is correlated with mammalian body mass. Finally, using fluorescently labeled developing bone tissues, we investigate whether the bone lamella, a fundamental microanatomical unit of bone, relates to rhythmic enamel growth increments. Our results confirm a positive correlation between long-period enamel rhythms and body mass and a negative correlation between osteocyte density and body mass. We also confirm that lamellar bone is an incremental tissue, one lamella formed in the species-specific time dependency of striae of Retzius formation. We conclude by contextualizing our morphological research with a current understanding of autonomic regulatory control of the skeleton and body mass, suggesting a central contribution to the coordination of organismal life history and body mass.
C1 [Bromage, Timothy G.] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA.
   [Lacruz, Rodrigo S.] Univ So Calif, Sch Dent, Ctr Craniofacial Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Lacruz, Rodrigo S.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geosci, Inst Human Evolut, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   [Hogg, Russell] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY USA.
   [Goldman, Haviva M.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [McFarlin, Shannon C.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA.
   [Warshaw, Johanna] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Basic Sci & Craniofacial Biol, New York, NY USA.
   [Dirks, Wendy] Univ Newcastle, Sch Dent Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
   [Perez-Ochoa, Alejandro] Lasalle Univ, Ctr Super Estudios Univ, Madrid, Spain.
   [Smolyar, Igor] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   [Enlow, Donald H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Sch Dent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
   [Boyde, Alan] Queen Mary Univ London, Ctr Oral Growth & Dev, London, England.
   [Bromage, Timothy G.] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Basic Sci, New York, NY 10010 USA.
   [Bromage, Timothy G.] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Craniofacial Biol, New York, NY 10010 USA.
   [Lacruz, Rodrigo S.] Univ Witwatersrand, BPI Palaeontol, Johannesburg, South Africa.
RP Bromage, TG (reprint author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 345 East 24th St, New York, NY 10010 USA.
EM tim.bromage@nyu.edu
OI LACRUZ, RODRIGO/0000-0002-0776-6143
NR 90
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0171-967X
J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT
JI Calcif. Tissue Int.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 84
IS 5
BP 388
EP 404
DI 10.1007/s00223-009-9221-2
PG 17
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 438SE
UT WOS:000265574900007
PM 19234658
ER

PT J
AU Hart, DR
   Chute, AS
AF Hart, Deborah R.
   Chute, Antonie S.
TI Verification of Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) shell
   growth rings by tracking cohorts in fishery closed areas
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LENGTH FREQUENCY DATA; MODELS
AB We tracked the growth of large cohorts of sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) at four sites located in areas closed to scallop fishing and compared the observed growth with that inferred from rings on sea scallop shells collected at the same sites. Stochastic growth transition matrices were constructed for each site based on the shell growth increments, assuming annual ring formation. These matrices were used to predict the annual growth of the scallops, which were compared with direct observations of growth obtained by repeated sampling. Additionally, the observed growth of the scallops was used to estimate the parameters of a stochastic von Bertalanffy model for each site, which were used to estimate the mean annual growth increments as a function of starting shell height. These were compared with the mean growth increments on the shells. There was a close correspondence, in most cases, between the observed growth and the growth inferred from the shell rings, implying that the shell rings were formed annually. The lack of fishing mortality in the areas meant that there was no confounding of size-selective fishing with growth and allowed us to track cohorts longer than would otherwise have been possible.
C1 [Hart, Deborah R.; Chute, Antonie S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Hart, DR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM Deborah.Hart@noaa.gov
NR 17
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 5
BP 751
EP 758
DI 10.1139/F09-033
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 468IT
UT WOS:000267811500004
ER

PT J
AU Berejikian, BA
   Van Doornik, DM
   Scheurer, JA
   Bush, R
AF Berejikian, Barry A.
   Van Doornik, Donald M.
   Scheurer, Julie A.
   Bush, Richard
TI Reproductive behavior and relative reproductive success of natural- and
   hatchery-origin Hood Canal summer chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; WILD STEELHEAD
   TROUT; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BREEDING SUCCESS; BODY-SIZE; 1ST-GENERATION
   HATCHERY; LIFETIME SUCCESS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON
AB Estimates of the relative fitness of hatchery- and natural-origin salmon can help determine the value of hatchery stocks in contributing to recovery efforts. This study compared the adult to fry reproductive success of natural-origin summer chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) with that of first- to third-generation hatchery-origin salmon in an experiment that included four replicate breeding groups. Hatchery- and natural-origin chum salmon exhibited similar reproductive success. Hatchery- and natural-origin males obtained similar access to nesting females, and females of both types exhibited similar breeding behaviors and durations. Male body size was positively correlated with access to nesting females and reproductive success. The estimates of relative reproductive success (hatchery/natural = 0.83) in this study were similar to those in other studies of other anadromous salmonids in which the hatchery population was founded from the local natural population and much higher than those in studies that evaluated the lifetime relative reproductive success of nonlocal hatchery populations.
C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Scheurer, Julie A.; Bush, Richard] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
   [Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov
NR 39
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 11
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 5
BP 781
EP 789
DI 10.1139/F09-041
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 468IT
UT WOS:000267811500007
ER

PT J
AU Hannesson, R
   Herrick, S
   Field, J
AF Hannesson, Rognvaldur
   Herrick, Samuel, Jr.
   Field, John
TI Ecological and economic considerations in the conservation and
   management of the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; FISH;
   DIET; SEA; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; VALUATION
AB In this paper, we consider economic and ecological issues associated with the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) as a commercially harvested species relative to its importance as prey for species of commercial, recreational, and ecological significance. Using economic theory and ecosystem modeling results for the California Current, we investigate whether sardines might be more valuable as forage than as commercial landings. Our analysis considers various conditions under which this would be justified. For example, ex-vessel prices of commercially important sardine predators near the high end of their respective ranges in recent years and the ex-vessel price of sardine at the low end of its respective range would favor leaving more sardine as forage fish. However, even if it were advisable to reduce the volume of the sardine fishery to leave more forage for other, more valuable species, it does not necessarily imply that the sardine fishery should be shut down altogether. Rather, our results indicate that consideration of the trade-offs is a key element of ecosystem-based fishery management.
C1 [Herrick, Samuel, Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Hannesson, Rognvaldur] NHH, Sch Econ & Business Adm, NO-5045 Bergen, Norway.
   [Field, John] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Herrick, S (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM sam.herrick@noaa.gov
NR 50
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 5
BP 859
EP 868
DI 10.1139/F09-045
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 468IT
UT WOS:000267811500014
ER

PT J
AU Friedland, KD
   Hare, JA
   Wood, GB
   Col, LA
   Buckley, LJ
   Mountain, DG
   Kane, J
   Brodziak, J
   Lough, RG
   Pilskaln, CH
AF Friedland, Kevin D.
   Hare, Jonathan A.
   Wood, Grayson B.
   Col, Laurel A.
   Buckley, Lawrence J.
   Mountain, David G.
   Kane, Joseph
   Brodziak, Jon
   Lough, R. Gregory
   Pilskaln, Cynthia H.
TI Reply to the comment by Payne et al. on "Does the fall phytoplankton
   bloom control recruitment of Georges Bank haddock, Melanogrammus
   aeglefinus, through parental condition?"
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
AB Payne et al. (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 66: 869-872, 2009) raised several points concerning the handling and interpretation of data that went into an analysis of the population dynamics of Georges Bank haddock that suggested a relationship between the fall phytoplankton bloom and recruitment (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 65: 1076-1086, 2008). Their main points were the manner in which logarithmic transforms were applied, whether the 2003 year class was truly as large as estimated in a 2006 assessment, and if correlation analyses of zooplankton data should be reconsidered. The reply to these comments was aided by a new assessment which provided additional years of data and improved the quality of the recruitment time series. The reply analyses showed that the relationships were robust to the way the logarithmic transform was applied, the initial estimates of the size of the 2003 year class were correct, and relationships between recruitment and spring zooplankton biomass levels remain statistically insignificant. From these new analyses, the interpretations and conclusions reached in the original paper remain the same; the fall bloom has emerged as a candidate explanatory variable for the stock independent variation in haddock recruitment on Georges Bank.
C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.; Hare, Jonathan A.; Wood, Grayson B.; Kane, Joseph] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   [Col, Laurel A.; Mountain, David G.; Lough, R. Gregory] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Buckley, Lawrence J.] Univ Rhode Isl, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   [Brodziak, Jon] NOAA, NMFS Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Biol & Stock Assessment Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Pilskaln, Cynthia H.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol SMAST, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.
RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov
NR 8
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 5
BP 873
EP 877
DI 10.1139/F09-044
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 468IT
UT WOS:000267811500016
ER

PT J
AU Sidorenko, V
   Dizdaroglu, M
   Zharkov, D
AF Sidorenko, Viktoriya
   Dizdaroglu, Miral
   Zharkov, Dmitry
TI Substrate specificity of naturally occurring and phosphomimetic mutants
   of human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase
SO CANCER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 RAS, Inst Chem Biol & Fundamental Med, SB, Novosibirsk, Russia.
   NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA
SN 0008-5472
EI 1538-7445
J9 CANCER RES
JI Cancer Res.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 69
SU 9
MA 2020
PG 1
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA V43ST
UT WOS:000209701800089
ER

PT J
AU Bentz, DP
AF Bentz, Dale P.
TI Influence of internal curing using lightweight aggregates on interfacial
   transition zone percolation and chloride ingress in mortars
SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
LA English
DT Article
DE Building technology; Diffusion; Interfacial transition zone; Internal
   curing; Lightweight aggregate; Microstructure; Percolation
ID AGNO3 SPRAY TESTS; CEMENT PASTE; SILICA FUME; CONCRETE; DIFFUSIVITY;
   WEAKNESSES; ADVANTAGES; STRENGTH
AB The microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between cement paste and aggregate depends strongly on the nature of the aggregate, specifically its porosity and water absorption. Lightweight aggregates (LWA) with a porous surface layer have been noted to produce a dense ITZ microstructure that is equivalent to that of the bulk cement paste, as opposed to the more porous ITZ regions that typically surround normal weight aggregates. This ITZ microstructure can have a large influence on diffusive transport into a concrete, especially if the individual ITZ regions are percolated (connected) across the three-dimensional microstructure. In this paper, the substitution of LWA sand for a portion of the normal weight sand to provide internal curing (IC) for a mortar is examined with respect to its influence on ITZ percolation and chloride ingress. Experimental measurements of chloride ion penetration depths are combined with computer modeling of the ITZ percolation and random walk diffusion simulations to determine the magnitude of the reduced diffusivity provided in a mortar with IC vs. one with only normal weight sand. In this study, for a mixture of sands that is 31% LWA and 69% normal weight sand by volume, the chloride ion diffusivity is estimated to be reduced by 25% or more, based on the measured penetration depths. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dale.bentz@nist.gov
NR 30
TC 54
Z9 65
U1 8
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0958-9465
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP
JI Cem. Concr. Compos.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 31
IS 5
BP 285
EP 289
DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.03.001
PG 5
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 459KR
UT WOS:000267101500002
ER

PT J
AU Stoliarov, SI
   Crowley, S
   Lyon, RE
   Linteris, GT
AF Stoliarov, Stanislav I.
   Crowley, Sean
   Lyon, Richard E.
   Linteris, Gregory T.
TI Prediction of the burning rates of non-charring polymers
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Material flammability; Gasification; Cone calorimetry; Pyrolysis model;
   ThermaKin
ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MELTS; GASIFICATION; DEGRADATION; HEAT
AB This study provides a thorough examination of whether a numerical pyrolysis model, which describes transient energy transport and chemical reactions taking place in a one-dimensional object, can be used as a practical tool for prediction and/or extrapolation of the results of fire calorimetry tests. The focus is on non-charring polymers, in particular - poly(methylmethacrylate), high-impact polystyrene, and high-density polyethylene. First, relevant properties of these materials were measured and/or obtained from the literature. Subsequently, the values of these properties were used to simulate gasification and cone calorimetry experiments, which were performed under a broad range of conditions. A comparison with the experimental results indicates that the model gives reasonably good predictions of the mass loss and heat release histories. It also predicts the evolution of temperature inside the material samples. (C) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stoliarov, Stanislav I.] SRA Int Inc, Egg Harbor Township, NJ 08234 USA.
   [Crowley, Sean; Lyon, Richard E.] Fed Aviat Adm WJ Hughes Tech Ctr, Airport & Aircraft Safety Res & Dev Div, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA.
   [Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stoliarov, SI (reprint author), SRA Int Inc, 3120 Fire Rd, Egg Harbor Township, NJ 08234 USA.
EM stanislav.ctr.stoliarov@faa.gov
NR 20
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 156
IS 5
BP 1068
EP 1083
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.11.010
PG 16
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
   Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 431GD
UT WOS:000265048600013
ER

PT J
AU Winder, VL
   Sapozhnikova, Y
   Pennington, PL
   Wirth, EF
AF Winder, V. L.
   Sapozhnikova, Y.
   Pennington, P. L.
   Wirth, E. F.
TI Effects of fluoxetine exposure on serotonin-related activity in the
   sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) using LC/MS/MS detection and
   quantitation
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fluoxetine; LC/MS/MS; Pharmaceuticals; Serotonin; minnow; Tryptophan
ID CHAR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PHARMACEUTICAL
   SUBSTANCES; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; ARCTIC-CHARR; WHOLE-BLOOD; SOCIAL RANK;
   FISH; TOXICITY; SURFACE
AB Fluoxetine (FLX) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and is among the top 100 drugs prescribed yearly in the United States and the United Kingdom. Tissue and water extraction methods were developed to detect and quantify FLX, norfluosetine and the associated biological compounds serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), tryptophan (TRP) and melatonin (MEL) using LC/MS/MS. Acute mortality and sublethal physiological effects of FLX were assessed using standard static renewal toxicity tests in which juvenile sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were exposed to FLX. Fluoxetine did not cause significant mortality at levels near currently reported environmental concentrations. Significant changes in neurotransmitter levels were observed within the serotonergic system in juvenile sheepshead minnows exposed at concentrations approximately one order of magnitude above those currently reported in the environment. Transformation activity ratios of a product to a precursor compound (5-HT/TRP, 5-HIAA/5-HT and MEL/5-HT) also exhibited significant changes with FIX treatment. Fluoxetine exposure did not only affect 5-HT but had additional effects both upstream and downstream of 5-HT within its synthesis and metabolic pathways. These sublethal changes within the serotonergic pathway may result in behavioral changes which could, in turn, have implications for the ecological response Of Populations to additional environmental stressors. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Winder, V. L.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
   [Sapozhnikova, Y.; Pennington, P. L.] Jardon & Howard Technol Inc, Orlando, FL 32826 USA.
   [Wirth, E. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Winder, VL (reprint author), Ed Wirth 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM vlw3056@uncw.edu
OI Winder, Virginia/0000-0002-5756-3993
NR 25
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 4
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1532-0456
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 149
IS 4
BP 559
EP 565
DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.12.008
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism;
   Toxicology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism;
   Toxicology; Zoology
GA 441NS
UT WOS:000265776500016
PM 19150510
ER

PT J
AU Beichl, I
   Sullivan, F
AF Beichl, Isabel
   Sullivan, Francis
TI CUT IT OUT!
SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB This issue marks the return of the Computing Prescriptions department; here, the authors describe an algorithm for finding minimum cutsets in connected graphs.
C1 [Beichl, Isabel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Sullivan, Francis] Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD USA.
RP Beichl, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM isabel.beichl@nist.gov; fran@super.org
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1521-9615
J9 COMPUT SCI ENG
JI Comput. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 11
IS 3
BP 74
EP 78
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA 433RB
UT WOS:000265222400012
ER

PT J
AU Schmidt, JH
   Lindberg, MS
   Johnson, DS
   Schmutz, JA
AF Schmidt, Joshua H.
   Lindberg, Mark S.
   Johnson, Devin S.
   Schmutz, Joel A.
TI ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN INFLUENCES ON TRUMPETER SWAN HABITAT OCCUPANCY
   IN ALASKA
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE anthropogenic effects; Cygnus buccinator; habitat occupancy; Trumpeter
   Swan; wetland loss
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ALASKA; BIRDS; LAKES
AB Approximately 70-80% of the entire population of the Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) depends for reproduction on wetlands in Alaska. This makes the identification of important habitat features and the effects of human interactions important for the species' long-term management. We analyzed the swan's habitat preferences in five areas throughout the state and found that swan broods occupied some wetland types, especially larger closed-basin wetlands such as lakes and ponds, at rates much higher than they occupied other wetland types, Such as shrubby or forested wetlands. We also found a negative effect of transportation infrastructure on occupancy by broods in and around the Minto Flats State Game Refuge, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, and Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge. This finding is of particular interest because much of the Minto Flats refuge has recently been licensed for oil and gas exploration and parts of the Kenai refuge have been developed in the past. We also investigated the potential effects of the shrinkage of closed-basin ponds on habitat occupancy by nesting Trumpeter Swans. We compared nesting swans' use of ponds with changes in the ponds' size and other characteristics from 1982 to 1996 and found no relationships between occupancy and changes in pond size. However, we believe that the recent and rapid growth of Trumpeter Swan populations in Alaska may become limited by available breeding habitat, and anthropogenic and climate-induced changes to the swan's breeding habitats have the potential to limit future production.
C1 [Schmidt, Joshua H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Schmidt, Joshua H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
EM Joshua_Schmidt@nps.gov
FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; State Wildlife; Alaska EPScOR;
   University of Alaska; Fairbanks; Department of Biology and Wildlife and
   Institute of Arctic Biology
FX Support for the first author was provided by the Alaska Department of
   Fish and Game, State Wildlife Grant, the Alaska EPScOR program, and the
   University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Department of Biology and Wildlife and
   Institute of Arctic Biology. USFWS Migratory Birds Management Division
   collected and graciously provided most of the data used in this
   manuscript. Staff at the Kenai NWR, J. Morton in particular, helped us
   investigate long-term data from that area. We thank D. Verbyla for
   comments on previous versions of this manuscript.
NR 31
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 20
PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 111
IS 2
BP 266
EP 275
DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080102
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 459KW
UT WOS:000267102100006
ER

PT J
AU Gan, ZH
   Dong, WQ
   Qiu, LM
   Zhang, XB
   Sun, H
   He, YL
   Radebaugh, R
AF Gan, Z. H.
   Dong, W. Q.
   Qiu, L. M.
   Zhang, X. B.
   Sun, H.
   He, Y. L.
   Radebaugh, R.
TI A single-stage GM-type pulse tube cryocooler operating at 10.6 K
SO CRYOGENICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Pulse tube cryocooler; REGEN; Regenerator
ID COOLER
AB In order to explore the lowest attainable refrigeration temperature and improve cooling performance at temperatures around 20 K for a single-stage G-M type pulse tube cryocooler (PTC), numerical and experimental studies were performed. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) numerical model known as REGEN was applied to the simulation of a G-M type PTC for the first time. Based on the calculation results, a single-stage G-M type PTC was designed, fabricated and tested. The performance improvement of the regenerator in the temperature range of 10-80 K was investigated. The calculations predicted a lowest temperature of 10K. A lowest temperature of 10.6K was achieved experimentally with an input power of 7.5 kW, which is the lowest temperature ever achieved by a single-stage PTC. Further more, the cryocooler can provide a cooling power of 20 W at 20.6 K and 39.5 W at 30 K, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gan, Z. H.; Dong, W. Q.; Qiu, L. M.; Zhang, X. B.; Sun, H.; He, Y. L.] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Reffigerat & Cryogen Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.
   [Radebaugh, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Qiu, LM (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Reffigerat & Cryogen Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.
EM Limin.Qiu@zju.edu.cn
OI GAN, Zhihua/0000-0003-4112-6745
FU Natural Science Foundation of China [50776076]; Science and Technology
   Department of Zhejiang Province, China [2006C24G2010027]
FX This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China under
   Contract No. 50776076 and the Science and Technology Department of
   Zhejiang Province, China under Contract No. 2006C24G2010027.
NR 13
TC 12
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0011-2275
J9 CRYOGENICS
JI Cryogenics
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 49
IS 5
BP 198
EP 201
DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2009.01.004
PG 4
WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Physics
GA 456NK
UT WOS:000266853400007
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, GC
   Purkey, SG
AF Johnson, Gregory C.
   Purkey, Sarah G.
TI Deep Caribbean Sea warming
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Caribbean Sea; Climate change; Sea level rise; Ocean warming
ID ANEGADA-JUNGFERN PASSAGE; HYDROGRAPHIC CHANGES; LABRADOR SEA; HEAT-FLOW;
   WATER; INFLOW
AB Data collected from hydrographic stations occupied within the Venezuelan and Columbian basins of the Caribbean Sea from 1922 through 2003 are analyzed to study the decadal variability of deep temperature in the region. The analysis focuses on waters below the 1815-m sill depth of the Anegada-Jungfern Passage. Relatively dense waters (compared to those in the deep Caribbean) from the North Atlantic spill over this sill to ventilate the deep Caribbean Sea. Deep warming at a rate of over 0.01 degrees C decade(-1) below this sill depth appears to have commenced in the 1970s after a period of relatively constant deep Caribbean Sea temperatures extending at least as far back as the 1920s. Conductivity-temperature-depth station data from World Ocean Circulation Experiment Section A22 along 66 degrees W taken in 1997 and again in 2003 provide an especially precise, albeit geographically limited, estimate of this warming over that 6-year period. They also suggest a small (0.001 PSS-78, about the size of expected measurement biases) deep freshening. The warming is about 10 times larger than the size of geothermal heating in the region, and is of the same magnitude as the average global upper-ocean heat uptake over a recent 50-year period. Together with the freshening, the warming contributes about 0.012 m decade(-1) of sea level rise in portions of the Caribbean Sea with bottom depths around 5000 m. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; Purkey, Sarah G.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Purkey, Sarah G.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Gregory.C.johnson@noaa.gov
RI Purkey, Sarah/K-1983-2012; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012
OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020
NR 21
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0637
EI 1879-0119
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 56
IS 5
BP 827
EP 834
DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.12.011
PG 8
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 440ZA
UT WOS:000265737100013
ER

PT J
AU Corliss, BH
   Brown, CW
   Sun, X
   Showers, WJ
AF Corliss, B. H.
   Brown, C. W.
   Sun, X.
   Showers, W. J.
TI Deep-sea benthic diversity linked to seasonality of pelagic productivity
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Deep-sea diversity; Benthos; Foraminifera; Seasonality
ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CARBON FLUX; FORAMINIFERA; RICHNESS;
   DELTA-C-13; PATTERNS; WATER
AB Latitudinal gradients in biodiversity are found in both terrestrial and marine environments, but little agreement exists on the mechanisms or ecological causes creating these patterns. Marine biodiversity patterns have been particularly challenging to document, because of the lack of appropriate data sets from ocean basins. We document latitudinal patterns of North Atlantic deep-sea benthic foraminifera and show that seasonality of primary productivity, as estimated from SeaWiFS satellite imagery, has a significant effect on diversity indices, with generally lower values of H(S), species #, and species equitability found with high seasonality between 40 and 60 degrees N. High foraminiferal diversity is not found in areas with phytodetritus deposition in the North Atlantic basin, which indicates that patch dynamics, biological disturbance, and sediment heterogeneity resulting from phytodetritus deposits do not create high deep-sea foraminiferal diversity. Annual resource stability, reflecting the timing of organic carbon flux and the mode of sedimentation, accounts for the benthic foraminiferal patterns found in this study and is an important variable structuring the deep-sea benthic foraminiferal community. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Corliss, B. H.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
   [Brown, C. W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Sun, X.] Takeda Global Res & Dev, Global Hlth Econ & Outcomes Res, Deerfield, IL 60015 USA.
   [Showers, W. J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
RP Corliss, BH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
EM bruce.corliss@duke.edu
RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008
OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0240771]
FX We thank M.J. Behrenfeld and R-T. O'Malley for providing the estimates
   of 8-day primary productivity generated using their Vertically
   Generalized Production Model, M.P. Lutz and J.P. Dunne for providing
   their organic carbon flux data, and two anonymous reviewers and A.J.
   Gooday for helpful reviews. The views, opinions, and findings contained
   in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an
   official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US
   Government position, policy, or decision. This research was supported by
   National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0240771.
NR 42
TC 31
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0637
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 56
IS 5
BP 835
EP 841
DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.12.009
PG 7
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 440ZA
UT WOS:000265737100014
ER

PT J
AU Kathe, SD
   Barrantes-Reynolds, R
   Jaruga, P
   Newton, MR
   Burrows, CJ
   Bandaru, V
   Dizdaroglu, M
   Bond, JP
   Wallace, SS
AF Kathe, Scott D.
   Barrantes-Reynolds, Ramiro
   Jaruga, Pawel
   Newton, Michael R.
   Burrows, Cynthia J.
   Bandaru, Viswanath
   Dizdaroglu, Miral
   Bond, Jeffrey P.
   Wallace, Susan S.
TI Plant and fungal Fpg homologs are formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylases
   but not 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylases
SO DNA REPAIR
LA English
DT Article
DE Base excision repair; DNA glycosylases; Phylogenetics;
   Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase; Endonuclease VIII (Nei);
   Arabidopsis thaliana; Candida albicans; Guanidinohydantoin;
   Spiroiminodihydantoin
ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; COLI ENDONUCLEASE-VIII; OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA;
   MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE;
   SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA;
   CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS
AB Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease VIII (Nei) share an overall common three-dimensional structure and primary amino acid sequence in conserved structural motifs but have different substrate specificities, with bacterial Fpg proteins recognizing formamidopyrimidines, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its oxidation products guanidinohydantoin (Gh), and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) and bacterial Nei proteins recognizing primarily damaged pyrimidines. In addition to bacteria, Fpg has also been found in plants, while Nei is sparsely distributed among the prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analysis of Fpg and Nei DNA glycosylases demonstrated, with 95% bootstrap support, a clade containing exclusively sequences from plants and fungi. Members of this clade exhibit sequence features closer to bacterial Fpg proteins than to any protein designated as Nei based on biochemical Studies. The Candida albicans (Cal) Fpg DNA glycosylase and a previously studied Arabidopsis thaliana (Ath) Fpg DNA glycosylase were expressed, purified and characterized. In oligodeoxynucleotides, the preferred glycosylase substrates for both enzymes were Gh and Sp, the oxidation products of 8-oxoG, with the best substrate being a site of base loss. GC/MS analysis of bases released from gamma-irradiated DNA show FapyAde and FapyGua to be excellent substrates as well. Studies carried out with oligodeoxynucleotide substrates demonstrate that both enzymes discriminated against A opposite the base lesion, characteristic of Fpg glycosylases. Single turnover kinetics with oligodeoxynucleotides showed that the plant and fungal glycosylases were most active on Gh and Sp, less active on oxidized pyrimidines and exhibited very little or no activity on 8-oxoG. Surprisingly, the activity of AthFpg1 on an AP site opposite a G was extremely robust with a k(obs) of over 2500 min(-1). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kathe, Scott D.; Barrantes-Reynolds, Ramiro; Bandaru, Viswanath; Bond, Jeffrey P.; Wallace, Susan S.] Univ Vermont, Markey Ctr Mol Genet, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
   [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Newton, Michael R.; Burrows, Cynthia J.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Bond, JP (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Markey Ctr Mol Genet, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stafford Hall,95 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
EM jeffrey.bond@uvm.edu; susan.wallace@uvm.edu
RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015; 
OI Wallace, Susan S./0000-0002-3906-0321
FU NIH [P01 CA098993]
FX Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper
   in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such
   identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
   National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
   the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available
   for the purpose.
NR 57
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-7864
J9 DNA REPAIR
JI DNA Repair
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 8
IS 5
BP 643
EP 653
DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.12.013
PG 11
WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 440XD
UT WOS:000265732100009
PM 19217358
ER

PT J
AU Huber, ML
   Lemmon, EW
   Ott, LS
   Bruno, TJ
AF Huber, M. L.
   Lemmon, E. W.
   Ott, L. S.
   Bruno, T. J.
TI Preliminary Surrogate Mixture Models for the Thermophysical Properties
   of Rocket Propellants RP-1 and RP-2
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; REFRIGERANT
   MIXTURES; JET FUEL; AVIATION FUEL; N-DODECANE; CONDUCTIVITY;
   IMPROVEMENTS; VISCOSITY; JP-8
AB We have developed surrogate mixture models to represent the thermophysical properties of two kerosene rocket propellants, RP-I and RP-2. The surrogates were developed with a procedure that incorporated experimental data for the density, sound speed, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the advanced distillation curves for samples of the two fuels. The surrogate for RP-I contains four components (alpha-methyldecalin, n-dodecane, 5-methylnonane, and heptylcyclohexane), and the surrogate for RP-2 contains five components (alpha-methyldecatin, n-dodecane, 5-methylnonane, 2,4-dimethyinonane, and heptylcyclohexane). Comparisons with experimental data demonstrate that the models are able to represent the density, sound speed, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of both fuels to within (at a 95% confidence level) 0.4, 2, 2, and 4%, respectively. The volatility behavior, as measured by the advanced distillation curves, is reproduced to within 0.5%.
C1 [Huber, M. L.; Lemmon, E. W.; Ott, L. S.; Bruno, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR F1SBAA8022G001]
FX We gratefully acknowledge Mr. Matt Billingsley at AFRL, Edwards Air
   Force Base for the RP-2 sample, and Dr. Tim Edwards at AFRL, Wright
   Patterson Air Force Base for the RP-1 sample. Financial support of the
   Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR F1SBAA8022G001) is gratefully
   acknowledged. In addition, we also thank our NIST colleagues Dr. A.
   Laesecke, Dr. R. Perkins, S. Outcalt, and Dr. M. McLinden for sharing
   their data prior to publication, helpful discussions, and assistance.
NR 61
TC 51
Z9 52
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
EI 1520-5029
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 23
BP 3083
EP 3088
DI 10.1021/ef900216z
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 463FX
UT WOS:000267416600100
ER

PT J
AU Fett, T
   Rizzi, G
   Guin, JP
   Lopez-Cepero, JM
   Wiederhorn, SM
AF Fett, T.
   Rizzi, G.
   Guin, J. P.
   Lopez-Cepero, J. M.
   Wiederhorn, S. M.
TI A fracture mechanics analysis of the double cleavage drilled compression
   test specimen
SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
DE DCDC specimen; Stress intensity factor; Surface displacements; T-stress;
   Weight function
ID CRACK; STRESS; GLASS; PROPAGATION
AB The "double cleavage drilled compression" specimen is used for the determination of crack growth rates under mode-I and general mixed-mode loading conditions. In this paper, a fracture mechanics analysis is presented for the DCDC specimen, using a finite-element analysis to determine stresses, strains and surface displacements. Weight functions are derived, and the consequence of load misalignment is demonstrated. Finally, side-surface displacements at the crack terminating region are studied using a 3-dimensional, finite-element computation in combination with results from the literature that are based on an "asymptotic analysis". Calculated side-surface displacements in the vicinity of the crack tip are found to agree with published values obtained by others via measurements using the atomic force microscope. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fett, T.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Keramik Maschinenbau, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
   [Rizzi, G.] Inst Mat Forsch II, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
   [Guin, J. P.] Univ Rennes 1, LARMAUR FRE CNRS 2717, Rennes, France.
   [Lopez-Cepero, J. M.; Wiederhorn, S. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fett, T (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Keramik Maschinenbau, Haid & Neu Str 7, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM theo.fett@ikm.uni-karlsruhe.de
RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009
OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893
NR 29
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 16
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-7944
J9 ENG FRACT MECH
JI Eng. Fract. Mech.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 76
IS 7
BP 921
EP 934
DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.12.016
PG 14
WC Mechanics
SC Mechanics
GA 453QX
UT WOS:000266627100008
ER

PT J
AU Morrow, JB
   Cole, KD
AF Morrow, Jayne B.
   Cole, Kenneth D.
TI Enhanced Decontamination of Bacillus Spores in a Simulated Drinking
   Water System by Germinant Addition
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bacillus spores; drinking water; disinfection; decontamination; fluid
   shear; germination; bioterrorism
ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; VEGETATIVE CELLS; STAINLESS-STEEL; CEREUS SPORES;
   BIOFILMS; DISINFECTION; MODEL; INACTIVATION; MONOCHLORAMINE; PENETRATION
AB Contact with germinant solutions followed by commonly used disinfectants as a means to decontaminate Bacillus spores in a model drinking water system was investigated. Biofilms composed of indigenous water system bacteria were accumulated on materials commonly used for residential plumbing, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and copper, in a continuously stirred tank reactor for controlled shear. Once the biofilms were established, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki or B. anthracis Sterne spores were added to the reactor. Pipe surfaces were studied for biofilm accumulation, spore adhesion, and disinfectant (chlorine and monochloramine) susceptibility before and after germinant (1 mM inosine and 8 mM L-alanine) addition. High disinfectant concentrations (up to 100 mg/L free chlorine and 10 mg/L monochloramine) yielded less than a 2 log(10) reduction in biofilm-associated viable spores after 60 min. A 4 log(10) reduction in the associated spores was observed when coupons were contacted with germinants (24 h) prior to sampling. Germinant contact followed by heat (50 degrees C, 25 min) or disinfection resulted in a greater than 4 log(10) reduction in the associated viable spores. Contact with germinants resulted in dramatically enhanced susceptibility of surface-associated spores to elevated water temperature and disinfectants.
C1 [Morrow, Jayne B.; Cole, Kenneth D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Morrow, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jayne.morrow@nist.gov
FU National Homeland Security Research Center, EPA (Cincinnati, OH); Vince
   Gallardo
FX Support for this work was provided by the National Homeland Security
   Research Center, EPA (Cincinnati, OH) and Vince Gallardo. We wish to
   thank Dr. Bruce Harper from Dugway Proving Grounds, Dugway, Utah, for
   providing the B. anthracis Sterne spore preparation.
NR 38
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1092-8758
J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI
JI Environ. Eng. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 26
IS 5
BP 993
EP 1000
DI 10.1089/ees.2008.0309
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 436NA
UT WOS:000265419600013
ER

PT J
AU Kish, A
   Kirkali, G
   Robinson, C
   Rosenblatt, R
   Jaruga, P
   Dizdaroglu, M
   DiRuggiero, J
AF Kish, A.
   Kirkali, G.
   Robinson, C.
   Rosenblatt, R.
   Jaruga, P.
   Dizdaroglu, M.
   DiRuggiero, J.
TI Salt shield: intracellular salts provide cellular protection against
   ionizing radiation in the halophilic archaeon, Halobacterium salinarum
   NRC-1
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DNA-BASE DAMAGE; BACTERIUM DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; COLI FPG PROTEIN;
   GAMMA-IRRADIATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENOME SEQUENCE; EXCISION-REPAIR;
   PURINE LESIONS; RESISTANCE; DESICCATION
AB The halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 was used as a model system to investigate cellular damage induced by exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation (IR). Oxidative damages are the main lesions from IR and result from free radicals production via radiolysis of water. This is the first study to quantify DNA base modification in a prokaryote, revealing a direct relationship between yield of DNA lesions and IR dose. Most importantly, our data demonstrate the significance of DNA radiation damage other than strand breaks on cell survival. We also report the first in vivo evidence of reactive oxygen species scavenging by intracellular halides in H. salinarum NRC-1, resulting in increased protection against nucleotide modification and carbonylation of protein residues. Bromide ions, which are highly reactive with hydroxyl radicals, provided the greatest protection to cellular macromolecules. Modified DNA bases were repaired in 2 h post irradiation, indicating effective DNA repair systems. In addition, measurements of H. salinarum NRC-1 cell interior revealed a high Mn/Fe ratio similar to that of Deinococcus radiodurans and other radiation-resistant microorganisms, which has been shown to provide a measure of protection for proteins against oxidative damage. The work presented here supports previous studies showing that radiation resistance is the product of mechanisms for cellular protection and detoxification, as well as for the repair of oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules. The finding that not only Mn/Fe but also the presence of halides can decrease the oxidative damage to DNA and proteins emphasizes the significance of the intracellular milieu in determining microbial radiation resistance.
C1 [Kish, A.; Robinson, C.; Rosenblatt, R.; DiRuggiero, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Kirkali, G.; Jaruga, P.; Dizdaroglu, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Kirkali, G.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey.
RP DiRuggiero, J (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM jdiruggiero@jhu.edu
RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015
FU NASA [NNG05GN58G]; AFOSR [FA95500710158]
FX Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this article
   in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such
   identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
   University of Maryland or the National Institute of Standards and
   Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified
   are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 73
TC 28
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1462-2912
J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL
JI Environ. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1066
EP 1078
DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01828.x
PG 13
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 437IW
UT WOS:000265481600004
PM 19452594
ER

PT J
AU Webster, TF
   Harrad, S
   Millette, JR
   Holbrook, RD
   Davis, JM
   Stapleton, HM
   Allen, JG
   Mcclean, MD
   Ibarra, C
   Abdallah, MAE
   Covaci, A
AF Webster, Thomas F.
   Harrad, Stuart
   Millette, James R.
   Holbrook, R. David
   Davis, Jeffrey M.
   Stapleton, Heather M.
   Allen, Joseph G.
   Mcclean, Michael D.
   Ibarra, Catalina
   Abdallah, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa
   Covaci, Adrian
TI Identifying Transfer Mechanisms and Sources of Decabromodiphenyl Ether
   (BDE 209) in Indoor Environments Using Environmental Forensic Microscopy
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; IN-HOUSE
   DUST; HUMAN EXPOSURE; UNITED-KINGDOM; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS;
   CONSUMER PRODUCTS; AIR; PBDES; VARIABILITY
AB Although the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in house dust has been linked to consumer products, the mechanism of transfer remains poorly understood. We conjecture that volatilized PBDEs will be associated with dust particles containing organic matter and will be homogeneously distributed in house dust. In contrast, PBDEs arising from weathering or abrasion of polymers should remain bound to particles of the original polymer matrix and will be heterogeneously distributed within the dust. We used scanning electron microscopy and other tools of environmental forensic microscopy to investigate PBDEs in dust, examining U.S. and U.K. dust samples with extremely high levels of BDE 209 (260-2600 mu g/g), a nonvolatile compound at room temperature. We found that the bromine in these samples was concentrated in widely scattered, highly contaminated particles. In the house dust samples from Boston (U.S.), bromine was associated with a polymer/organic matrix. These results suggest that the BDE 209 was transferred to dust via physical processes such as abrasion or weathering. In conjunction with more traditional tools of environmental chemistry, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), environmental forensic microscopy provides novel insights into the origins of BDE 209 in dust and their mechanisms of transfer from products.
C1 [Webster, Thomas F.; Mcclean, Michael D.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
   [Harrad, Stuart; Ibarra, Catalina; Abdallah, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa] Univ Birmingham, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
   [Millette, James R.] MVA Sci Consultants, Duluth, GA 30096 USA.
   [Holbrook, R. David; Davis, Jeffrey M.] NIST, Sinface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Stapleton, Heather M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
   [Allen, Joseph G.] Environm Hlth & Engn Inc, Needham, MA 02494 USA.
   [Abdallah, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa] Assiut Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Analyt Chem, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
   [Covaci, Adrian] Univ Antwerp, Toxicol Ctr, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
RP Webster, TF (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
EM twebster@bu.edu
RI Covaci, Adrian/A-9058-2008; McClean, Michael/J-2934-2015; Abou-Elwafa
   Abdallah, Mohamed/P-8813-2014; 
OI Covaci, Adrian/0000-0003-0527-1136; Abou-Elwafa Abdallah,
   Mohamed/0000-0002-4624-4073; McClean, Michael/0000-0002-3902-8823;
   Harrad, Stuart/0000-0003-4650-0564
FU Boston University Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Environmental
   Exposures (CIREEH); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
   [R01ES015829]; Research Scientific Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Belgium;
   National Council of Science and Technology-Mexico (CONACYT); Egyptian
   government; Egyptian ministry Of higher education
FX Pilot funding was provided by the Boston University Center for
   Interdisciplinary Research in Environmental Exposures (CIREEH). Drs.
   Webster and McClean are partly Supported by R01ES015829 from the
   National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The content is
   solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily
   represent the official views of the National Institute of Environmental
   Health Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. Adrian Covaci was
   financially Supported through a postdoctoral fellowship from the
   Research Scientific Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Belgium. Catalina Ibarra
   and Mohamed Abdallah gratefully acknowledge the provision Of
   studentships from the National Council of Science and Technology-Mexico
   (CONACYT) (CI), and from the Egyptian government and Egyptian ministry
   Of higher education (MAA). We also thank Paul Stanley from the
   University of Birmingham's Centre for Electron Microscopy for technical
   assistance with ESEM analysis. Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment,
   instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify
   adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not
   imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, Maryland), nor does it imply
   that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best
   available for the purpose.
NR 25
TC 109
Z9 110
U1 5
U2 52
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 9
BP 3067
EP 3072
DI 10.1021/es803139w
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 441PL
UT WOS:000265781100019
PM 19534115
ER

PT J
AU Dong, YL
   Zhu, EC
   Prasad, K
AF Dong, Y. L.
   Zhu, E. C.
   Prasad, K.
TI Thermal and structural response of two-storey two-bay composite steel
   frames under furnace loading
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Composite steel frame; Test; Thermal load; Furnace heating; Structural
   failure
ID FIRE; BEHAVIOR
AB The collapse of the World Trade Center Towers and other recent fires in tall buildings has motivated this study to understand the performance of structural frames under fire loading. Three two-storey, two-bay composite steel frames were constructed and subjected to dead loads by applying weight blocks, and to thermal load by placing the frame in a furnace. The furnace was specially designed to allow for controlled heating of the structural elements that formed the four compartments of the test frame. This paper describes the experimental results of furnace test conducted on the three full-scale composite frames. The three tests differed from each other in the number and location of compartments that were heated by the furnace. For each test, the structural elements were subjected to a heating-up phase followed by a cooling-down phase. The furnace temperatures and the steel and concrete temperatures recorded during the test are presented. The thermally induced horizontal displacements of the columns and vertical deflections of the composite beams are discussed. Observations on local buckling of the steel beam, cracking of the concrete slab and failure of the beam-to-column connections are tabulated. Experimental results of the three tests are compared with each other by studying the complete deformation process of the test frames over time. Results indicate that the deformation process of the test frames was highly dependent on the number and location of compartments that were subjected to thermal loading. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dong, Y. L.; Zhu, E. C.] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China.
   [Prasad, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dong, YL (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Civil Engn, POB 2554,202 Haihe Rd, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China.
EM DongYL@hit.edu.cn
FU National Basic Research Program 973 of China NKBRSF [2001CB409600];
   Natural Science Foundation of China [50578078]
FX The authors acknowledge with gratitude the sponsorships of this study
   from the National Basic Research Program 973 of China NKBRSF, project
   designated as 2001CB409600, and from the Natural Science Foundation of
   China, project designated as 50578078.
NR 17
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 44
IS 4
BP 439
EP 450
DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.09.005
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 440YS
UT WOS:000265736200001
ER

PT J
AU Kuligowski, ED
   Mileti, DS
AF Kuligowski, Erica D.
   Mileti, Dennis S.
TI Modeling pre-evacuation delay by occupants in World Trade Center Towers
   1 and 2 on September 11, 2001
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Review
DE Evacuation; Path analysis; World Trade Center; Human behavior
ID EVACUATION; RISK; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; PREPAREDNESS; WARNINGS;
   DISASTER; THREAT; EVENT; FIRE
AB On September 11, 2001, two airplanes hit World Trade Center (WTC) I and 2 sixteen minutes apart, which forced one of the largest evacuations from high-rise buildings in US history. Path analysis is used to analyze telephone data obtained from WTC survivors to empirically determine if the theories from community evacuation hold true for building fires. Results show that community evacuation theories do hold true for building fires: specifically in WTC 1 and 2. In general, longer pre-evacuation times were predicted by witnessing a higher number of environmental cues, being on a lower floor in the building, obtaining more information, seeking additional information, and performing a higher number of pre-evacuation actions. A deeper understanding of human behavior in fire events can be gained by using path analysis techniques. which can ultimately improve evacuation education, training, and procedures for high-rise buildings across the world as well as future evacuation prediction techniques. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kuligowski, Erica D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Kuligowski, Erica D.; Mileti, Dennis S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Kuligowski, ED (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8664, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM erica.kuligowski@nist.gov
FU US Congress to the National Institute for Standards and Technology
   (NIST); United States Department of Homeland Security through the
   National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to
   Terrorism (START) [N00140510629]
FX This research was supported with funds from the US Congress to the
   National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). Supplemental
   funding to work on this manuscript was provided by the United States
   Department of Homeland Security through the National Consortium for the
   Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), Grant no.
   N00140510629. However, any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
   recommendations in this document are those of the authors and do not
   necessarily reflect the views of the National Institute of Standards and
   Technology or the US Department of Homeland Security. The authors wish
   to thank Heather Contrino, Nancy McGuckin, Rob Santos, and Johanna Zmud
   with NuStats for their data collection and analysis assistance: and
   Jason Averill, Thomas Cleary, William Grosshandler, and Steve Gwynne for
   their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.
NR 101
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 44
IS 4
BP 487
EP 496
DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.10.001
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 440YS
UT WOS:000265736200006
ER

PT J
AU Berkson, J
   Hunt, KM
   Whitehead, JC
   Murie, DJ
   Kwak, TJ
   Boreman, J
AF Berkson, J.
   Hunt, K. M.
   Whitehead, J. C.
   Murie, D. J.
   Kwak, T. J.
   Boreman, J.
TI Is There a Shortage of Fisheries Stock Assessment Scientists?
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Berkson, J.] Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   [Hunt, K. M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Human Dimens & Conservat Law Enforcement Lab, Starkville, MS USA.
   [Whitehead, J. C.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA.
   [Murie, D. J.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Kwak, T. J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Boreman, J.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA USA.
RP Berkson, J (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM Jim.Berkson@NOAA.gov
NR 4
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 5
BP 217
EP 219
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.5.217
PG 3
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477ND
UT WOS:000268524900002
ER

PT J
AU Berkson, J
   Hudy, SF
   McMullin, SL
   Murphy, BR
   Prager, MH
   Kelly, MJ
   Thompson, NB
AF Berkson, J.
   Hudy, S. F.
   McMullin, S. L.
   Murphy, B. R.
   Prager, M. H.
   Kelly, M. J.
   Thompson, N. B.
TI Addressing the Shortage of Stock Assessment Scientists through
   Undergraduate Workshops
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
AB A recent Congressional report identified a shortage of scientists entering the discipline of stock assessment. The Southeast Fisheries Science Center of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and Virginia Tech created the Population Dynamics Recruiting Program (PDRP) to improve the quality of graduate students interested in entering the field. An annual week-tong workshop identifies top Students nationally with the potential to excel in Population dynamics and educates them about the discipline. Program evaluation indicates that between 25% and 33% of workshop participants have subsequently entered graduate school in the field. Sixty-nine percent of those Students knew little about the field before the workshop, and 85% reported wanting to pursue population dynamics because of their workshop experience. Continuing and strengthening the PDRP is an important component of a strategy to reduce the shortage of qualified stock assessment scientists.
C1 [Berkson, J.] Virginia Tech, RTR Unit, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   [Hudy, S. F.; McMullin, S. L.; Murphy, B. R.; Kelly, M. J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA.
RP Berkson, J (reprint author), Virginia Tech, RTR Unit, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM Jim.Berkson@NOAA.gov
RI Kelly, Marcella/B-4891-2011
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 5
BP 220
EP 227
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.5.220
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477ND
UT WOS:000268524900003
ER

PT J
AU Palumbi, SR
   Sandifer, PA
   Allan, JD
   Beck, MW
   Fautin, DG
   Fogarty, MJ
   Halpern, BS
   Incze, LS
   Leong, JA
   Norse, E
   Stachowicz, JJ
   Wall, DH
AF Palumbi, Stephen R.
   Sandifer, Paul A.
   Allan, J. David
   Beck, Michael W.
   Fautin, Daphne G.
   Fogarty, Michael J.
   Halpern, Benjamin S.
   Incze, Lewis S.
   Leong, Jo-Ann
   Norse, Elliott
   Stachowicz, John J.
   Wall, Diana H.
TI Managing for ocean biodiversity to sustain marine ecosystem services
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Review
ID DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE; ENVIRONMENT; RESILIENCE;
   EVOLUTION; RECOVERY; WATER
AB Managing a complex ecosystem to balance delivery of all of its services is at the heart of ecosystem-based management. But how can this balance be accomplished amidst the conflicting demands of stakeholders, managers, and policy makers? In marine ecosystems, several common ecological mechanisms link biodiversity to ecosystem functioning and to a complex of essential services. As a result, the effects of preserving diversity can be broadly beneficial to a wide spectrum of important ecosystem processes and services, including fisheries, water quality, recreation, and shoreline protection. A management system that conserves diversity will help to accrue more "ecoservice capital" for human use and will maintain a hedge against unanticipated ecosystem changes from natural or anthropogenic causes. Although maintenance of biodiversity cannot be the only goal for ecosystem-based management, it could provide a common currency for evaluating the impacts of different human activities on ecosystem functioning and can act as a critical indicator of ecosystem status.
C1 [Palumbi, Stephen R.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
   [Sandifer, Paul A.] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA.
   [Allan, J. David] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Beck, Michael W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Nat Conservancy, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Fautin, Daphne G.] Univ Kansas, Div Biol Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
   [Fogarty, Michael J.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA.
   [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA.
   [Incze, Lewis S.] Univ So Maine, Aquat Syst Grp, Portland, ME 04103 USA.
   [Leong, Jo-Ann] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA.
   [Norse, Elliott] Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Bellevue, WA USA.
   [Stachowicz, John J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Wall, Diana H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Wall, Diana H.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Palumbi, SR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
EM spalumbi@stanford.edu
RI Wall, Diana/F-5491-2011
FU US National Committee for the Census of Marine Life; NOAA's Oceans and
   Human Health Initiative; Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Marine
   Fisheries Service; Office of Ocean Exploration and from the US
   Department of Energy; Alfred P Sloan Foundation; David and Lucile
   Packard Foundation; Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation
FX This paper is based in part on ideas discussed at a workshop, Approaches
   for researching the roles of marine and coastal biodiversity in
   maintaining ecosystem services, sponsored by the US National Committee
   for the Census of Marine Life (September 11-13, 2006, in Washington,
   DC). Helpful comments from H Galindo, F Holland, T Hourigan, F Micheli,
   M Pinsky, A Rosenberg, M Vecchione, and C Woodley improved the
   manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from NOAA's
   Oceans and Human Health Initiative, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National
   Marine Fisheries Service, and Office of Ocean Exploration and from the
   US Department of Energy, the Alfred P Sloan Foundation, the David and
   Lucile Packard Foundation, and the Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation.
NR 47
TC 78
Z9 80
U1 8
U2 89
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1540-9295
J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON
JI Front. Ecol. Environ.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 7
IS 4
BP 204
EP 211
DI 10.1890/070135
PG 8
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 444HK
UT WOS:000265971200020
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, L
   Islam, S
   Guo, W
   Jutla, AS
   Senarath, SUS
   Ramsay, BH
   Eltahir, EAB
AF Jiang, Le
   Islam, Shafiqul
   Guo, Wei
   Jutla, Antarpreet Singh
   Senarath, Sharika U. S.
   Ramsay, Bruce H.
   Eltahir, Elfatih A. B.
TI A satellite-based Daily Actual Evapotranspiration estimation algorithm
   over South Florida
SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Fall Annual Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union
CY 2005
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Geophys Union
DE remote sensing; evapotranspiration; AVHRR; Priestley-Taylor; Evaporative
   Fraction
ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; CLEAR-SKY DAYS; GREAT-PLAINS; HEAT-FLUX;
   VEGETATION; MODIS; PARAMETERS; SENSORS; INDEX; AREAS
AB Water resources and agricultural applications require the knowledge of evapotranspiration (ET) over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Due to paucity of surface based hydro-meteorological stations, the spatial resolution of ET estimates is fairly coarse and is not particularly suitable or reliable for hydrologic modeling, water resources planning and decision making. An ET estimation algorithm has been developed by combining data from satellite and ground observations. The method extends the applicability of a commonly used energy balance formulation of ET and utilizes the contextual relationship between remotely sensed surface temperature and vegetation index. The required parameters are derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) aboard NOAA-14 satellite. First, the Evaporative Fraction (EF) is estimated by utilizing the relationship between a vegetation index and radiometric surface temperature observed from AVHRR for each day. Then spatio-temporal interpolation and filtering techniques are applied to obtain daily EF values for cloudy pixels to produce the EF map for the entire region. Daily Actual ET (DAET) maps are derived from these EF maps and net radiation maps obtained from ground-based observations. The comparisons between satellite derived DAFT and ground measurements showed overall low bias and root-mean-square-error for both clear and cloudy days at South Florida in 1998 and 1999. The proposed satellite-based DAFT (SatDAET) algorithm has its EF component primarily estimated from satellite data and the resulting DAET has been validated using multi-year ground observations over the South Florida region. The SatDAET algorithm appears to be robust and has the potential to provide near real-time land surface evapotranspiration monitoring over large heterogeneous areas at a very fine spatial and temporal resolution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Islam, Shafiqul; Jutla, Antarpreet Singh] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
   [Jiang, Le; Guo, Wei] NOAA Sci Ctr, IMSG, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Ramsay, Bruce H.] NOAH Sci Ctr, NOAA NESDIS ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Eltahir, Elfatih A. B.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Islam, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 113 Anderson Hall,200 Coll Ave, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
EM Shafiqul.Islam@tufts.edu
RI Jutla, Antarpreet/E-8881-2010; Jutla, Antarpreet/A-9407-2010; Guo,
   Wei/E-7934-2011
OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441
NR 23
TC 48
Z9 56
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8181
J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE
JI Glob. Planet. Change
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 67
IS 1-2
BP 62
EP 77
DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.008
PG 16
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 455JC
UT WOS:000266754000008
ER

PT J
AU Gaumont-Guay, D
   Black, TA
   McCaughey, H
   Barr, AG
   Krishnan, P
   Jassal, RS
   Nesic, Z
AF Gaumont-Guay, David
   Black, T. Andrew
   McCaughey, Harry
   Barr, Alan G.
   Krishnan, Praveena
   Jassal, Rachhpal S.
   Nesic, Zoran
TI Soil CO2 efflux in contrasting boreal deciduous and coniferous stands
   and its contribution to the ecosystem carbon balance
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon balance; drought; ecosystem respiration; gross ecosystem
   photosynthesis; gross forest-floor photosynthesis; Picea mariana; Pinus
   banksiana; Populus tremuloides; soil CO2 efflux; soil respiration
ID DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; LEAF-AREA INDEX; BLACK SPRUCE; ASPEN FOREST; CHAMBER
   MEASUREMENTS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; DOMINATED FOREST; EDDY COVARIANCE;
   PINE PLANTATION; WATER-CONTENT
AB Similar nonsteady-state automated chamber systems were used to measure and partition soil CO2 efflux in contrasting deciduous (trembling aspen) and coniferous (black spruce and jack pine) stands located within 100 km of each other near the southern edge of the Boreal forest in Canada. The stands were exposed to similar climate forcing in 2003, including marked seasonal variations in soil water availability, which provided a unique opportunity to investigate the influence of climate and stand characteristics on soil CO2 efflux and to quantify its contribution to the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) as measured with the eddy-covariance technique. Partitioning of soil CO2 efflux between soil respiration (including forest-floor vegetation) and forest-floor photosynthesis showed that short- and long-term temporal variations of soil CO2 efflux were related to the influence of (1) soil temperature and water content on soil respiration and (2) below-canopy light availability, plant water status and forest-floor plant species composition on forest-floor photosynthesis. Overall, the three stands were weak to moderate sinks for CO2 in 2003 (NEE of -103, -80 and -28 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for aspen, black spruce and jack pine, respectively). Forest-floor respiration accounted for 86%, 73% and 75% of annual ecosystem respiration, in the three respective stands, while forest-floor photosynthesis contributed to 11% and 14% of annual gross ecosystem photosynthesis in the black spruce and jack pine stands, respectively. The results emphasize the need to perform concomitant measurements of NEE and soil CO2 efflux at longer time scales in different ecosystems in order to better understand the impacts of future interannual climate variability and vegetation dynamics associated with climate change on each component of the carbon balance.
C1 [Gaumont-Guay, David] Vancouver Isl Univ, Dept Biol, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
   [Black, T. Andrew; Jassal, Rachhpal S.; Nesic, Zoran] Univ British Columbia, Biometeorol & Soil Phys Grp, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
   [McCaughey, Harry] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
   [Krishnan, Praveena] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Gaumont-Guay, D (reprint author), Vancouver Isl Univ, Dept Biol, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
EM david.gaumont-guay@viu.ca
RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Nesic,
   Zoran/C-9655-2015
FU Fonds de Recherche sur la nature et les Technologies du QuEbec (FCAR);
   DGG and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
   (NSERC); Fluxnet Canada Research Network; NSERC, the Canadian Foundation
   for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) and BIOCAP Canada;
   Meteorological Service of Canada; University of British Columbia
FX This research was funded by the Fonds de Recherche sur la nature et les
   Technologies du QuEbec (FCAR) in the form of a 3-year graduate
   scholarship to DGG and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
   Council of Canada (NSERC) through an operating grant to TAB. Additional
   support was provided by the Fluxnet Canada Research Network [through
   NSERC, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences
   (CFCAS) and BIOCAP Canada] and the Meteorological Service of Canada
   through a Contribution Agreement to the University of British Columbia.
   The authors sincerely acknowledge the technical assistance of Andrew
   Sauter for the development of the automated chamber systems and the
   support from Werner Bauer and Dave Wieder for installing and maintaining
   the equipment in the field.
NR 65
TC 25
Z9 32
U1 3
U2 42
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1354-1013
EI 1365-2486
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 15
IS 5
BP 1302
EP 1319
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01830.x
PG 18
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 431AM
UT WOS:000265033700018
ER

PT J
AU MacNeil, MA
   Carlson, JK
   Beerkircher, LR
AF MacNeil, M. Aaron
   Carlson, John K.
   Beerkircher, Lawrence R.
TI Shark depredation rates in pelagic longline fisheries: a case study from
   the Northwest Atlantic
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE bycatch; fisheries; zero-inflated models
ID ZERO-INFLATED POISSON; BINOMIAL REGRESSION; CATCH RATES; BYCATCH;
   MODELS; DEPTH; SWORDFISH; ABUNDANCE; GEAR; SEA
AB A suite of modelling approaches was employed to analyse shark depredation rates from the US Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. As depredation events are relatively rare, there are a large number of zeroes in pelagic longline data and conventional generalized linear models (GLM5) may be ineffective as tools for statistical inference. GLMs (Poisson and negative binomial), two-part (delta-lognormal and truncated negative binomial, T-NB), and mixture models (zero-inflated Poisson, ZIP, and zero-inflated negative binomial, ZINB) were used to understand the factors that contributed most to the occurrence of depredation events that included a small proportion of whale damage. Of the six distribution forms used, only the ZIP and T-NB models performed adequately in describing depredation data, and the T-NB and ZINB models outperformed the ZIP models in bootstrap cross-validation estimates of prediction error. Candidate T-NB and ZINB model results showed that encounter probabilities were more strongly related to large-scale covariates (space, season) and that depredation counts were correlated with small-scale characteristics of the fishery (temperature, catch composition). Moreover, there was little evidence of historical trends in depredation rates. The results show that the factors contributing to most depredation events are those already controlled by ships' captains and, beyond novel technologies to repel sharks, there may be little more to do to reduce depredation loss in the fishery within current economic and operational constraints.
C1 [MacNeil, M. Aaron] CNR, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA.
   [Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA.
   [Beerkircher, Lawrence R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP MacNeil, MA (reprint author), Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.
EM macneil@glau.ca
RI MacNeil, M Aaron/F-4680-2010; MacNeil, M. Aaron/E-8196-2017
OI MacNeil, M. Aaron/0000-0001-8406-325X
FU National Research Council, USA
FX We thank S. Gulak for informative discussions about observers and boat
   characteristics in pelagic longline fisheries, and K. Andrews for
   reviewing a previous draft of the manuscript. Special thanks are also
   due to A. Payne, P. Ward, and an anonymous reviewer for greatly
   improving the quality of the manuscript we submitted. The research was
   supported by funding from the National Research Council, USA.
NR 39
TC 9
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 16
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 4
BP 708
EP 719
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp022
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 431WX
UT WOS:000265096600011
ER

PT J
AU Churnside, JH
   Donaghay, PL
AF Churnside, James H.
   Donaghay, Percy L.
TI Thin scattering layers observed by airborne lidar
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE internal waves; lidar; plankton layers; thin layers; upwelling
ID ANOXIC ESTUARINE BASIN; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; FISH SCHOOLS; PHYTOPLANKTON;
   ZOOPLANKTON; PYCNOCLINE; PLANKTON; METHANE; BLOOM; OCEAN
AB More than 2000 km of thin (<3 m) optical scattering layers were identified in 80 000 km of airborne lidar data collected from a variety of oceanic and coastal waters. The spatial characteristics of thin layers varied dramatically from (i) those that were self-contained features consistently <3-4 m thick over their 1-12 km extent to (ii) those that were clearly parts of much longer layers that had gaps and/or regions where the layer became more intense and much thicker than the 3-m criterion. The characteristics of the lidar signal suggest that plankton was the most likely source of scattering. Examples from upwelling regions, areas with large freshwater influx, and warm-core eddies are presented. The results are quite consistent with the characteristics observed in studies of thin plankton layers in fjords and near-coastal waters. These layers exhibit great spatial variability that is difficult to observe using traditional methods, and examples of layer perturbations by both linear and non-linear internal waves are presented. The results suggest that airborne lidar can be a powerful tool not only for detecting and mapping the spatial extent of thin scattering layers and linking their occurrence to larger scale physical processes, but also for tracking their evolution over time and guiding the ship-based sampling needed to understand their composition, dynamics, and impacts. Such a capability will be crucial in future studies designed to test the hypothesis that thin plankton layers have the spatial extent and intensity to play a key role in controlling the recruitment of fish larvae, biogeochemical cycling, trophic transfer processes, plankton biodiversity, and harmful algal bloom dynamics
C1 [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Donaghay, Percy L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02874 USA.
RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov
RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU Office of Naval Research Optics and Biology Program [N0001404IP20075,
   N000140410276]
FX This analysis was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research
   Optics and Biology Program under Award Numbers N0001404IP20075 (JHC) and
   N000140410276 (PLD). The 2003 CTD data from the NE Pacific were provided
   by Dave Griffith of the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, the
   2001 and 2002 CTD data from the area around Kodiak Island by Mike
   Guttormsen of the NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, and the CTD data
   from the Norwegian Sea by Eirik Tenningen of the Norwegian Institute of
   Marine Research. Bill Pichel of the NOAA National Environmental
   Satellite and Information Service provided the satellite altimeter map.
   Jim Wilson of ESRL was the chief engineer for Fish Lidar during the
   entire period covered in this paper. Funding to pay the Open Access
   publication charges for this article was provided by the NOAA Science
   and Technology Infusion Program.
NR 51
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 1
U2 17
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 4
BP 778
EP 789
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp029
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 431WX
UT WOS:000265096600018
ER

PT J
AU Xu, F
   Jin, YQ
AF Xu, Feng
   Jin, Ya-Qiu
TI Bidirectional Analytic Ray Tracing for Fast Computation of Composite
   Scattering From Electric-Large Target Over a Randomly Rough Surface
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Bidirectional analytic ray tracing (BART); radar cross section (RCS)
   prediction; target and rough surface
ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; POLARIMETRIC SAR; COMPLEX TARGETS; RCS;
   ALGORITHM; REDUCTION; CURRENTS; OBJECTS
AB The bidirectional analytic ray tracing (BART) method is developed to rapidly calculate composite scattering from three-dimensional (3D) electrically large complex targets above a randomly rough surface. Ray tracing is carried out both along the incident (forward) direction and converse direction of scattering (backward) recording different orders of ray illumination on each facet or edge of the target and surface. Once a pair of forward and backward rays meet on a facet/edge, a scattering term is constructed using the diffused scattering/diffraction of this facet/edge and all reflections occurred on the tracing paths. The rough surface is modeled with "rough facets" including coherent scattering and diffused incoherent scattering, which can be directly calculated according to the IEM (integral equation method) of a randomly rough surface. Analytic tracing of polygon ray tubes is developed to precisely calculate the illumination and shadowing of facets, which exempt large patches of the target from any finer meshing. It significantly reduces the complexity relevant to the target electric-size. Higher orders of scattering and, in particular, interactions between the target and rough surface are then taken into account. The accuracy and performance of BART is validated and evaluated by comparing with exact computational electromagnetic methods for electrically small targets. Numerical examples of angularly composite scattering from a three-dimensional electrically large, e.g., a ship-like target over a randomly rough surface are presented and discussed.
C1 [Xu, Feng] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Jin, Ya-Qiu] Fudan Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Ya-Qiu] Fudan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Wave Scattering & Remote Sensing Informat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
RP Xu, F (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM yqjin@fudan.ac.cn
RI XU, Feng/A-4582-2010
OI XU, Feng/0000-0002-7015-1467
FU NSFC [40637033, 60571050]; SUMMA
FX This work was supported by the NSFC under Grants 40637033, 60571050. The
   work of F. Xu was supported by a SUMMA Graduate Fellowship.
NR 30
TC 50
Z9 62
U1 1
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-926X
J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG
JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 57
IS 5
BP 1495
EP 1505
DI 10.1109/TAP.2009.2016691
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 443UX
UT WOS:000265937400022
ER

PT J
AU Holloway, CL
   Kuester, EF
AF Holloway, Christopher L.
   Kuester, Edward F.
TI DC Internal Inductance for a Conductor of Rectangular Cross Section
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE DC internal inductance; interconnect; printed circuit broads (PCB);
   rectangular conductor; signal integrity; transmission lines
ID LOSSY TRANSMISSION-LINES; TRANSIENT ANALYSIS; SIMULATION; APPROXIMATION;
   MODEL
AB In this paper, the dc internal inductance for conductors with rectangular cross section is investigated. Using a quasistatic Green's function, the magnetic fields inside a rectangular conductor are derived. These magnetic field expressions are used to formulate the internal inductance of the conductor. We present numerical results and closed-form expressions for the dc internal inductance for this geometry. Comparisons to various expressions found in the literature are made, and the inaccuracies of these other results are presented and discussed. Finally, we discuss some of the subtleties associated with the inductance of a single current path, in which we examine why the total and external inductances of a single infinitely long conductor have no physical meaning, whereas the internal inductance does.
C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov; edward.kuester@colorado.edu
NR 39
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 51
IS 2
BP 338
EP 344
DI 10.1109/TEMC.2009.2016104
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 449LV
UT WOS:000266333000019
ER

PT J
AU Magdowski, M
   Hill, DA
AF Magdowski, Mathias
   Hill, David A.
TI Boundary Fields in Reverberation Chambers (vol 47, pg 281, 2005)
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Magdowski, Mathias] Otto VonGuericke Univ Magdegurg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany.
   [Hill, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Magdowski, M (reprint author), Otto VonGuericke Univ Magdegurg, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany.
EM mathias.magdowski@ovgu.de; dhill@boulder.nist.gov
RI Magdowski, Mathias/F-1348-2013
OI Magdowski, Mathias/0000-0002-1512-5354
NR 2
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 51
IS 2
BP 420
EP 421
DI 10.1109/TEMC.2009.2012870
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 449LV
UT WOS:000266333000031
ER

PT J
AU Wang, WH
   Liang, SL
   Augustine, JA
AF Wang, Wenhui
   Liang, Shunlin
   Augustine, John A.
TI Estimating High Spatial Resolution Clear-Sky Land Surface Upwelling
   Longwave Radiation From MODIS Data
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); neural networks;
   remote sensing; satellite applications; surface radiation budget (SRB);
   surface upwelling longwave radiation (LWUP)
ID GROUND MEASUREMENTS; VALIDATION; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCTS; SIMULATIONS;
   SENSITIVITY; NETWORK; CLOUDS; CERES
AB Surface upwelling longwave radiation (LWUP) is an important component in the surface radiation budget. Existing satellite-derived LWUP data sets are too coarse to support high-resolution numerical models, and their accuracy needs to be improved. In this paper, we evaluate three methods for estimating clear-sky land LWUP from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data at I-km spatial resolution. The three methods are as follows: 1) the temperature-emissivity method; 2) the linear model method; and 3) the artificial neural network (ANN) model method. Methods 2 and 3 are new methods based on extensive radiative transfer simulations and statistical analysis. We explicitly considered surface emissivity effects by incorporating the University of California Santa Barbara emissivity library in the radiative transfer simulation. The three methods were evaluated using ground-measured LWUP from six SURFRAD sites. Although methods 2 and 3 were developed using MODIS Terra atmospheric profiles, they were applied to both Terra and Aqua data because the designs of the two sensors are similar. The root mean squared errors (rmses) of the ANN model method are smaller than that or the other two methods at all sites. The averaged rmses of the ANN model method are 15.89 W/m(2) (Terra) and 14.57 W/m(2) (Aqua); the averaged biases are -8.67 W/m(2) (Terra) and -7.21 W/m(2) (Aqua). The biases and rmses for Aqua are similar to 1.3 W/m(2) smaller than that of Terra. The biases and rmses of the ANN model method are similar to 5 W/m(2) smaller than that of the temperature-emissivity method and similar to 2.5 W/m(2) smaller than that of the linear model method.
C1 [Wang, Wenhui; Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Augustine, John A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Wang, WH (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM whwang1@umd.edu; sliang@geog.umd.edu; John.A.Augustine@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015
FU NASA [NNX08AC53G]
FX Manuscript received July 16, 2007; revised January 23, 2008 and May 21,
   2008. First published December 9, 2008; current version published April
   24, 2009. This work, was supported in part by NASA under Grant
   NNX08AC53G.
NR 39
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 47
IS 5
BP 1559
EP 1570
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2005206
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
   Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
   & Photographic Technology
GA 437KT
UT WOS:000265487100029
ER

PT J
AU Romero, HP
   Remley, KA
   Williams, DF
   Wang, CM
AF Romero, Henry P.
   Remley, Kate A.
   Williams, Dylan F.
   Wang, Chih-Ming
TI Electromagnetic Measurements for Counterfeit Detection of Radio
   Frequency Identification Cards
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
DE Authentication; electromagnetic signatures; radio frequency
   identification (RFID)
ID SECURITY
AB We investigate a technique for counterfeit detection of high-frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) cards based on the electromagnetic characteristics of the cards rather than the digital information that they transmit. We describe a method of quantifying the electromagnetic signature of an RFID card and identify a small set of features that is sufficient to correctly classify a test set of cards. Furthermore, we show that our measurements indicate that the features most useful for distinguishing cards are contained within the reader inquiry rather than the card response, a reflection of the near-field coupling nature of the RFID transactions in ISO 14443.
C1 [Romero, Henry P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Remley, Kate A.; Williams, Dylan F.; Wang, Chih-Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Romero, HP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM romeroh@colorado.edu; remley@boulder.nist.gov; dylan@boulder.nist.gov;
   jwang@boulder.nist.gov
FU U.S. Government
FX Manuscript received June 26, 2008; revised January 22, 2009. First
   published April 14, 2009; current version published May 06, 2009. This
   work was supported in part by the U.S. Government.
NR 7
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9480
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 57
IS 5
BP 1383
EP 1387
DI 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2017318
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 445HD
UT WOS:000266041000016
ER

PT J
AU Knaff, JA
AF Knaff, John A.
TI Revisiting the maximum intensity of recurving tropical cyclones
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE tropical cyclone; hurricane; typhoon; recurvature; intensity; Atlantic;
   western North Pacific; Southern Hemisphere
ID PREDICTION SCHEME
AB Previous studies have indicated that recurving western North Pacific tropical cyclones, initially westward moving tropical cyclones that turn toward the east, often reach their maximum intensity close to the time of recurvature. Those results have often been cited in the literature and sometimes inferred to be valid in other tropical cyclone basins. This Study revisits this topic in the western North Pacific, North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone basins. The timing of lifetime maximum intensity associated with recurving tropical cyclones is examined using best track datasets from the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center and the National Hurricane Center, Miami during the period 1980-2006. Results reveal that tropical cyclones are less likely to experience peak intensity within 12 h and 24 h of recurvature than has been previously reported in the western North Pacific. Furthermore, it is shown that tropical cyclones that become most intense (i.e. intensities greater than 52 m s(-1)) have a greater tendency to reach peak intensity before recurvature than weaker storms save for in the South Pacific where the most intense storms have a slightly greater probability of reaching their maximum intensity following recurvature. It also appears that weak tropical cyclones (i.e. lifetime peak intensities less than 33 m s(-1)) often reach peak intensity prior to or close to recurvature in all tropical cyclone basins as others have reported. However, findings Suggest that the cumulative distributions of maximum intensity with respect to the time of recurvature can be quite different for other intensity ranges suggesting that a universal relationship between peak intensity and time of recurvature does not exist. Copyright (c) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res RAMMB,CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res RAMMB,CIRA, Foothills Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM John.Knaff@noaa.gov
RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010
OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409
FU NOAA [NA17RJ1228]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S.
   Government
FX This research was partially supported by NOAA Grant NA17RJ1228. The
   author Would like to thank Andrea Schumacher, Ray Zehr and Buck Sampson
   and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments about this
   manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report
   are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government
   position, policy, or decision.
NR 16
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0899-8418
J9 INT J CLIMATOL
JI Int. J. Climatol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 6
BP 827
EP 837
DI 10.1002/joc.1746
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 441YW
UT WOS:000265807500004
ER

PT J
AU Otani, M
   Thomas, EL
   Wong-Ng, W
   Schenck, PK
   Chang, KS
   Lowhorn, ND
   Green, ML
   Ohguchi, H
AF Otani, Makoto
   Thomas, Evan L.
   Wong-Ng, Winnie
   Schenck, Peter K.
   Chang, Kao-Shuo
   Lowhorn, Nathan D.
   Green, Martin L.
   Ohguchi, Hiroyuki
TI A High-Throughput Screening System for Thermoelectric Material
   Exploration Based on a Combinatorial Film Approach
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on Thermal Design and Thermophysical
   Property for Electronics
CY JUN 18-20, 2008
CL Tsukuba, JAPAN
ID COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; GROWTH; MERIT
AB A high-throughput system that consists of a combinatorial tool (a sputtering deposition tool and a pulsed laser deposition tool) and two developed property screening devices was used for thermoelectric material exploration. The thermoelectric power factor (S(2)sigma, S = Seebeck coefficient, sigma = electrical conductivity) screening device allows us to measure electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of over 1000 sample-points within 6h. The thermal effusivity measurement system using the frequency domain thermoreflectance technique allows us to screen thermal conductivity of combinatorial/conventional films. Illustrations of these applications are provided with a Co-Sn-Ce/Si(100) film for power factor determination and with a Ba(2)YCu(3)O(7)/SrTiO(3)(100) film for thermal conductivity derivation. (C) 2009 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
C1 [Otani, Makoto; Thomas, Evan L.; Wong-Ng, Winnie; Schenck, Peter K.; Chang, Kao-Shuo; Lowhorn, Nathan D.; Green, Martin L.; Ohguchi, Hiroyuki] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Otani, M (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Oguchi, Hiroyuki/R-5305-2016
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 22
PU JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED PHYSICS
PI TOKYO
PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO,
   102-0073, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 48
IS 5
AR 05EB02
DI 10.1143/JJAP.48.05EB02
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 452WG
UT WOS:000266571300005
ER

PT J
AU Kuhn, CE
   Crocker, DE
   Tremblay, Y
   Costa, DP
AF Kuhn, Carey E.
   Crocker, Daniel E.
   Tremblay, Yann
   Costa, Daniel P.
TI Time to eat: measurements of feeding behaviour in a large marine
   predator, the northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dive behaviour; feeding success; foraging indicators; transit rate
ID STOMACH TEMPERATURE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; WANDERING
   ALBATROSSES; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; KING PENGUINS; PREY; PINNIPEDS;
   ECOLOGY; HABITAT
AB The at-sea behaviour of marine predators is often described based on changes in behavioural states, such as transit, searching, and feeding. However, to distinguish between these behaviours, it is necessary to know the actual functions of the behaviours recorded. Specifically, to understand the foraging behaviour of marine predators, it is necessary to measure prey consumption. Therefore, the at-sea feeding behaviour of northern elephant seals (N = 13) was examined using satellite transmitters, time-depth recorders, and stomach temperature recorders. In addition, stomach temperature telemetry allowed for the validation of indirect measures of feeding behaviour used for marine predators, including decreases in transit rate and changes in dive shape.
   Feeding data were recorded for the early phase of the migration (2.2-21 days). The first feeding events occurred shortly after animals departed (4.0 +/- 1.5 h) and close to the rookery (58.6 +/- 21.9 km), but these feedings were followed by extended periods without prey consumption (14.5 +/- 2.5 h). Continuous (bout) feeding did not occur until on average 7.5 +/- 1.8 days after the females left the rookery. Females showed significant differences in the feeding rate while feeding in a bout (1.3-2.1 feeding events hour(-1)).
   There was a significant negative relationship between interpolated transit rate and feeding events (r(2) = 0.62, P < 0.01). Feeding, which was associated with all dive types, occurred most often during the foraging type dive shape (74.2%). Finally, successful feeding only occurred between 18-24% of the time when females displayed the foraging type dive shape suggesting that the use of dive shape alone, while indicative of behaviours associated with foraging (searching and catching prey) overestimates actual feeding behaviour.
   This study showed females not only feed extensively during the early migration, but there was individual variation in both foraging locations and foraging success. In addition, by combining direct and indirect measures of feeding, this study has provided support for the use of foraging indicators in marine predators.
C1 [Kuhn, Carey E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA.
   [Kuhn, Carey E.; Tremblay, Yann; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Kuhn, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM carey.kuhn@noaa.gov
FU National Ocean Partnership Program; Moore, Packard, and Sloan
   Foundations; Office of Naval Research
FX This work would not have been possible without the support of numerous
   researchers and volunteers, especially J. Hassrick, B. McDonald, P.
   Morris, H. Mostman, P. Robinson, M. Rutishauser, S. Simmons, and S.
   Villegas. Research was supported by grants from the Mildred E. Mathias
   Foundation, Friends of Long Marine Lab, and the California Sea Grant
   College Program. This research was conducted as a part of the Tagging of
   Pacific Pelagics (TOPP) program, funded by the National Ocean
   Partnership Program, the Moore, Packard, and Sloan Foundations, and the
   Office of Naval Research. Animal handling procedures were approved by
   the UCSC Chancellors Animal Research Committee and permitted under NMFS
   permit #87-143.
NR 51
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 1
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8790
J9 J ANIM ECOL
JI J. Anim. Ecol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 78
IS 3
BP 513
EP 523
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01509.x
PG 11
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 427NB
UT WOS:000264784900004
PM 19040681
ER

PT J
AU Steiger, SM
   Hamilton, R
   Keeler, J
   Orville, RE
AF Steiger, Scott M.
   Hamilton, Robert
   Keeler, Jason
   Orville, Richard E.
TI Lake-Effect Thunderstorms in the Lower Great Lakes
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRIFICATION; WINTER; FLASH
AB Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, radar, and radiosonde data were examined to determine how frequently lake-effect storms (rain/snow) with lightning occurred over and near the lower Great Lakes region (Lakes Erie and Ontario) from September 1995 through March 2007. On average, lake-effect lightning occurred on 7.9 days and with 5.8 storm events during a particular cool season (September-March). The CG lightning with these storms had little inland extent and was usually limited to a few flashes per storm. Some storms had considerably more, with the most intense storm (based on National Lightning Detection Network observations) producing 1551 CG flashes over a 4-day period. Thundersnow events were examined in more detail because of the rarity of this phenomenon across the United States. Most lake-effect thundersnow events (75%) occurred in November and December. An analysis of model sounding data using the Buffalo Toolkit for Lake Effect Snow (BUFKIT) software package in which lower boundary conditions can be modified by lake surfaces showed that thundersnow events had an 82% increase in the mean height of the -10 degrees C level when compared with nonelectrified lake-effect snowstorms (1.2 vs 0.7 km AGL), had higher lake-induced equilibrium levels (EL; above 3.6 km AGL) and convective available potential energy (CAPE; > 500 J kg(-1)), had low wind shear environments, and were intense, single-band storms. A nomogram of the altitude of the -10 degrees C isotherm and EL proved to be useful in predicting lake-effect thundersnowstorms.
C1 [Steiger, Scott M.; Keeler, Jason] SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Earth Sci, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
   [Hamilton, Robert] Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Buffalo, NY USA.
   [Orville, Richard E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA.
RP Steiger, SM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Earth Sci, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
EM steiger@oswego.edu
RI Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012
OI Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169
FU The Student/ Faculty Collaborative Challenge Grant at SUNY Oswego
FX Vaisala, Inc., generously provided the authors with the cloud-to-ground
   lightning data. Arthur Person (The Pennsylvania State University)
   provided the BUFKIT data used for our case studies. Thanks are given to
   Drs. Steven Skubis and Robert Ballentine (SUNY Oswego) for valuable
   discussion regarding the glaciation of lake-effect clouds and for
   editing of the manuscript. The Student/ Faculty Collaborative Challenge
   Grant at SUNY Oswego provided funding for this research, and we thank
   the SUNY Oswego Scholarly and Creative Activity Committee. The authors
   gratefully acknowledge Thomas Niziol, David Zaff, Jeff Waldstreicher,
   and David Novak of the National Weather Service and their spotters for
   their time and contributions to this research. Last, we thank the
   reviewers for their time and efforts in significantly improving this
   manuscript.
NR 32
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 16
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 48
IS 5
BP 889
EP 902
DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1935.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 452KE
UT WOS:000266538100001
ER

PT J
AU Pomeroy, JM
   Grube, H
AF Pomeroy, J. M.
   Grube, H.
TI "Negative resistance" errors in four-point measurements of tunnel
   junctions and other crossed-wire devices
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; FILM; BARRIER
AB "Negative resistance" errors due to nonuniform current distributions significantly distort the apparent electronic performance of devices formed with crossed wires, demonstrated here by resistance, magnetoresistance, current-voltage, and variable temperature measurements with and without corrections. Crossed-wire devices are frequently used in research settings for exploratory systems or rapid process recipe evolution due to the ease of depositing complete devices in situ through shadow masks. Unfortunately, this geometry suffers from a negative resistance effect that dominates the measurement when the device resistance is similar to or less than the wires' resistance. We use a finite-element model and experimental data to extend work (by others) to quantify these errors when (1) devices are not square in shape, (2) when the two wires are not in the same resistivity, and (3) when the junction resistance is nonlinear in voltage. Using this knowledge and pre-existing analytical work, a straightforward method for correcting experimental measurements is suggested and evaluated. Finally, we illustrate the importance of correcting the data in magnetoresistance, current-voltage, and temperature dependent transport measurements for correct physical interpretation. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3122503]
C1 [Pomeroy, J. M.; Grube, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov
NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 105
IS 9
AR 094503
DI 10.1063/1.3122503
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 448LE
UT WOS:000266263300163
ER

PT J
AU Ramadurai, K
   Cromer, CL
   Dillon, AC
   Mahajan, RL
   Lehman, JH
AF Ramadurai, Krishna
   Cromer, Christopher L.
   Dillon, Anne C.
   Mahajan, Roop L.
   Lehman, John H.
TI Raman and electron microscopy analysis of carbon nanotubes exposed to
   high power laser irradiance
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR; PURIFICATION; DEPOSITION; FILMS
AB High power laser radiometry requires efficient and damage-resistant detectors. The current study explores the evolving nature of carbon nanotube coatings for such detectors upon their exposure to incrementally increasing laser power levels. Electron microscopy images along with the D-band to G-band intensity ratios from the Raman spectra from eight irradiance levels are used to evaluate changes before and after the exposure. Electron microscopy images of the exposed multiwalled carbon nanotubes revealed the formation of intermittent pockets of moundlike structures at high power densities exceeding 11 kW/cm(2). Raman spectroscopy measurements also demonstrated higher values for the ratio of the D-band intensity to that of the G-band, suggesting the possible transformation of nanotubes into structurally different forms of carbon. Exposure to a sample of single-walled nanotubes did not demonstrate the evolution of structural changes, which could be due in part to the higher irradiance levels relative to the damage threshold, employed in the experiment. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3116165]
C1 [Ramadurai, Krishna] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Cromer, Christopher L.; Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Dillon, Anne C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Mahajan, Roop L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
   [Mahajan, Roop L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
RP Ramadurai, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM krishna.ramadura@gmail.com
FU CU-NIST
FX We thank the CU-NIST seed grant program for providing financial support
   to this work. We also thank Dr. Xiaoyu Li (NIST, Boulder, CO) for his
   assistance with the experimental setup and Dr. Katie Hurst for her
   suggestions on the presented material.
NR 17
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 105
IS 9
AR 093106
DI 10.1063/1.3116165
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 448LE
UT WOS:000266263300007
ER

PT J
AU Wood, VT
   Brown, RA
   Dowell, DC
AF Wood, Vincent T.
   Brown, Rodger A.
   Dowell, David C.
TI Simulated WSR-88D Velocity and Reflectivity Signatures of Numerically
   Modeled Tornadoes
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPPLER-RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MESOCYCLONE SIGNATURES; VORTEX STRUCTURE;
   MOBILE; RESOLUTION
AB Low-altitude radar reflectivity measurements of tornadoes sometimes reveal a donut-shaped signature (low-reflectivity eye surrounded by a high-reflectivity annulus) and at other times reveal a high-reflectivity knob associated with the tornado. The differences appear to be due to such factors as (i) the radar's sampling resolution, (ii) the presence or absence of lofted debris and a low-reflectivity eye, (iii) whether measurements were made within the lowest few hundred meters where centrifuged hydrometeors and smaller debris particles were recycled back into the tornadic circulation, and (iv) the presence or absence of multiple vortices in the parent tornado.
   To explore the influences of some of these various factors on radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity signatures, a high-resolution tornado numerical model was used that incorporated the centrifuging of hydrometeors. A model reflectivity field was computed from the resulting concentration of hydrometeors. Then, the model reflectivity and velocity fields were scanned by a simulated Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) using both the legacy resolution and the new super-resolution sampling. Super-resolution reflectivity and Doppler velocity data are displayed at 0.5 degrees instead of 1.0 degrees azimuthal sampling intervals and reflectivity data are displayed at 0.25-km instead of 1.0-km range intervals.
   Since a mean Doppler velocity value is the reflectivity-weighted mean of the radial motion of all the radar scatterers within a radar beam, a nonuniform distribution of scatterers produces a different mean Doppler velocity value than does a uniform distribution of scatterers. Nonuniform reflectivities within the effective resolution volume of the radar beam can bias the indicated size and strength of the tornado's core region within the radius of the peak tangential velocities. As shown in the simulation results, the Doppler-indicated radius of the peak wind underestimates the true radius and true peak tangential velocity when the effective beamwidth is less than the tornado's core diameter and there is a weak-reflectivity eye at the center of the tornado. As the beam becomes significantly wider than the tornado's core diameter with increasing range, the peaks of the Doppler velocity profiles continue to decrease in magnitude but overestimate the tornado's true radius. With increasing range from the radar, the prominence of the weak-reflectivity eye at the center of the tornado is progressively lessened until it finally disappears. As to be expected, the Doppler velocity signatures and reflectivity eye signatures were more prominent and stronger with super-resolution sampling than those with legacy-resolution sampling.
C1 [Wood, Vincent T.; Brown, Rodger A.; Dowell, David C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Dowell, David C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Wood, VT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM vincent.wood@noaa.gov
RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015
NR 31
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 26
IS 5
BP 876
EP 893
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1181.1
PG 18
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 456HA
UT WOS:000266833600002
ER

PT J
AU Isom, BM
   Palmer, RD
   Secrest, GS
   Rhoton, RD
   Saxion, D
   Allmon, TL
   Reed, J
   Crum, T
   Vogt, R
AF Isom, B. M.
   Palmer, R. D.
   Secrest, G. S.
   Rhoton, R. D.
   Saxion, D.
   Allmon, T. L.
   Reed, J.
   Crum, T.
   Vogt, R.
TI Detailed Observations of Wind Turbine Clutter with Scanning Weather
   Radars
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID METEOROLOGICAL OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; MULTIQUADRIC INTERPOLATION; ALGORITHM
AB The wind power industry has seen tremendous growth over the past decade and with it has come the need for clutter mitigation techniques for nearby radar systems. Wind turbines can impart upon these radars a unique type of interference that is not removed with conventional clutter-filtering methods. Time series data from Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) stations near wind farms were collected and spectral analysis was used to investigate the detailed characteristics of wind turbine clutter. Techniques to mask wind turbine clutter were developed that utilize multiquadric interpolation in two and three dimensions and can be applied to both the spectral moments and spectral components. In an effort to improve performance, a nowcasting algorithm was incorporated into the interpolation scheme via a least mean squares criterion. The masking techniques described in this paper will be shown to reduce the impact of wind turbine clutter on weather radar systems at the expense of spatial resolution.
C1 [Isom, B. M.; Palmer, R. D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Isom, B. M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Isom, B. M.; Palmer, R. D.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Secrest, G. S.; Saxion, D.; Allmon, T. L.; Reed, J.; Crum, T.; Vogt, R.] Radar Operat Ctr, NEXRAD, NWS, NOAA, Norman, OK USA.
   [Rhoton, R. D.] Wyle Informat Syst Inc, Norman, OK USA.
RP Isom, BM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM bisom@ou.edu
FU National Weather Service Radar Operations Cente [NA17RJ1227]
FX This research was funded by the National Weather Service Radar
   Operations Center through Grant NA17RJ1227.
NR 25
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 26
IS 5
BP 894
EP 910
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1136.1
PG 17
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 456HA
UT WOS:000266833600003
ER

PT J
AU Dowell, DC
   Wicker, LJ
AF Dowell, David C.
   Wicker, Louis J.
TI Additive Noise for Storm-Scale Ensemble Data Assimilation
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID KALMAN FILTER; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; RADAR DATA; MODEL; PRECIPITATION;
   ERROR; MESOSCALE; SUPERCELL; EVOLUTION; OKLAHOMA
AB An "additive noise'' method for initializing ensemble forecasts of convective storms and maintaining ensemble spread during data assimilation is developed and tested for a simplified numerical cloud model (no radiation, terrain, or surface fluxes) and radar observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City supercell. Every 5 min during a 90-min data-assimilation window, local perturbations in the wind, temperature, and water-vapor fields are added to each ensemble member where the reflectivity observations indicate precipitation. These perturbations are random but have been smoothed so that they have correlation length scales of a few kilometers. An ensemble Kalman filter technique is used to assimilate Doppler velocity observations into the cloud model. The supercell and other nearby cells that develop in the model are qualitatively similar to those that were observed. Relative to previous storm-scale ensemble methods, the additive-noise technique reduces the number of spurious cells and their negative consequences during the data assimilation. The additive-noise method is designed to maintain ensemble spread within convective storms during long periods of data assimilation, and it adapts to changing storm configurations. It would be straightforward to use this method in a mesoscale model with explicit convection and inhomogeneous storm environments.
C1 [Dowell, David C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Dowell, DC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM ddowell@ucar.edu
RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015
FU National Science Foundation
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the
   National Science Foundation.
NR 37
TC 59
Z9 64
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 26
IS 5
BP 911
EP 927
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1156.1
PG 17
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 456HA
UT WOS:000266833600004
ER

PT J
AU Castell, N
   Stein, AF
   Mantilla, E
   Salvador, R
   Millan, M
AF Castell, Nuria
   Stein, Ariel F.
   Mantilla, Enrique
   Salvador, Rosa
   Millan, Millan
TI Evaluation of the use of photochemical indicators to assess
   ozone-NOx-VOC sensitivity in the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity; Air quality modeling; Photochemical indicators;
   Complex industrial terrain
ID SIMULATION; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; MODELS; PART
AB Understanding the chemical links between ozone (O(3)) and its two main precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), is important for designing effective photochemical smog reduction strategies. This chemical relationship will determine which precursor (NOx or VOC) emission reduction will be more effective for decreasing the ozone formation. Under certain conditions, ozone levels decrease as a result of a reduction in NOx emissions but do not respond significantly to changes in VOC emissions (NOx-sensitive condition), while under other conditions ozone concentrations decrease in response to reductions in VOCs and may even increase when NOx emissions are reduced (VOC-sensitive conditions). Indicator species can be used to assess the sensitivity of ozone to changes in the emissions of its precursors. These indicators are species or species ratios involved in ozone photochemistry which reflect the primary chemical process through which the ozone was formed. In this work we use the MM5-CAMx model system to explore the behaviour of various indicator species during two meteorological situations featuring different atmospheric conditions in a complex terrain area. The results show that indicators based on nitrogen compounds (i.e,. NOy and NOz) are suitable for defining the transition range from VOC- to NOx-sensitive chemistry, and that despite the uncertainties associated with the use of chemical indicators, the ratios O(3)/NOy and O(3)/NOz may provide a simple and useful way to summarize the response of ozone to changes in NOx and VOC emissions in Southwestern Spain.
C1 [Castell, Nuria; Mantilla, Enrique; Salvador, Rosa; Millan, Millan] Fdn CEAM, Valencia, Spain.
   [Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Earth Resources & Technol Assignment, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Castell, N (reprint author), Fdn CEAM, Parque Tecnol C Charles R Darwin 14 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
EM nuria@ceam.es; ariel.stein@noaa.gov
RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014
OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198
FU Generalitat Valenciana and Bancaixa; CONSOLIDER-INGENIO
FX The CEAM Foundation is co-financed by the Generalitat Valenciana and
   Bancaixa. This work is a contribution to the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010
   programme (GRACCIE research project) and to ACCENT. In addition, the
   authors would like to thank the referees for their comments and
   suggestions on this manuscript.
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-7764
J9 J ATMOS CHEM
JI J. Atmos. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 63
IS 1
BP 73
EP 91
DI 10.1007/s10874-010-9158-x
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 607AO
UT WOS:000278470800005
ER

PT J
AU Ballance, LT
   Ainley, DG
   Ballard, G
   Barton, K
AF Ballance, Lisa T.
   Ainley, David G.
   Ballard, Grant
   Barton, Kerry
TI An energetic correlate between colony size and foraging effort in
   seabirds, an example of the AdElie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae
SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; LEACHS STORM-PETRELS; EUDYPTULA-MINOR;
   WANDERING ALBATROSSES; TROPHIC CASCADES; LABELED WATER; ROSS SEA;
   REPRODUCTIVE ENERGETICS; GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA
AB Central-place foraging seabirds alter the availability of their prey around colonies, forming a "halo" of reduced prey access that ultimately constrains population size. This has been indicated indirectly by an inverse correlation between colony size and reproductive success, numbers of conspecifics at other colonies within foraging range, foraging effort (i.e. trip duration), diet quality and colony growth rate. Although ultimately mediated by density dependence relative to food through intraspecific exploitative or interference competition, the proximate mechanism involved has yet to be elucidated. Herein, we show that AdElie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae colony size positively correlates to foraging trip duration and metabolic rate, that the metabolic rate while foraging may be approaching an energetic ceiling for birds at the largest colonies, and that total energy expended increases with trip duration although uncompensated by increased mass gain. We propose that a competition-induced reduction in prey availability results in higher energy expenditure for birds foraging in the halo around large colonies, and that to escape the halo a bird must increase its foraging distance. Ultimately, the total energetic cost of a trip determines the maximum successful trip distance, as on longer trips food acquired is used more for self maintenance than for chick provisioning. When the net cost of foraging trips becomes too high, with chicks receiving insufficient food, chick survival suffers and subsequent colony growth is limited. Though the existence of energetic studies of the same species at multiple colonies is rare, because foraging metabolic rate increases with colony size in at least two other seabird species, we suggest that an energetic constraint to colony size may generally apply to other seabirds.
C1 [Ballance, Lisa T.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fish Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA.
   [Ballard, Grant] PRBO Conserv Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
   [Ballard, Grant] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
   [Barton, Kerry] New Zealand Ltd, Landcare Res, Nelson, New Zealand.
RP Ballance, LT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fish Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM lisa.ballance@noaa.gov
FU US Antarctic Program; Office of Polar Programs; National Science
   Foundation [OPP 0125608, 0440643]; Southwest Fisheries Science Center of
   the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PRBO [1632]
FX We thank S. Webb, T. Dorr, and S. Heath for efforts in the field, K.
   Nagy, C. Vleck, T. Reidarson, D. Croll, and T. Bucher for consultation
   on field methods, and D. Cairns, J. Chardine, D. Croll, J. Croxall, P.
   Dann, G. Gabrielsen, R. Gales, T. Gaston, I. Jones, F. Mehlum, W.
   Montevecchi, J. Piatt, D. Roby, and E. Woehler for unpublished
   information. K. Dugger helped with statistical insights. M. Hauber, T.
   Gaston, K. Hamer, T. Piersma and two anonymous reviewers provided
   valuable and detailed comments on our paper. This research was supported
   logistically by the US Antarctic Program and financially by the Office
   of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation (OPP 0125608, 0440643),
   and the Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration; conclusions reported herein are not those of
   these agencies. PRBO contribution #1632.
NR 71
TC 45
Z9 47
U1 5
U2 45
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0908-8857
J9 J AVIAN BIOL
JI J. Avian Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 40
IS 3
BP 279
EP 288
DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04538.x
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 445CL
UT WOS:000266027200008
ER

PT J
AU McDonald, MA
   Jankovic, L
   Shahzad, K
   Burcher, M
   Li, KCP
AF McDonald, Michael A.
   Jankovic, Ladislav
   Shahzad, Khalid
   Burcher, Michael
   Li, King C. P.
TI Acoustic fingerprints of dye-labeled protein submicrosphere
   photoacoustic contrast agents
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Conference on Biomedical Thermoacoustics, Optoacoustics and
   Acousto-optics
CY JAN 21-24, 2007
CL San Jose, CA
SP SPIE, NIH, Fairway Med Technol
DE photoacoustic; ultrasound; contrast agents; protein microspheres
ID IN-VIVO; TOMOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; TISSUE; MEDIA; LIGHT
AB Dye-labeled protein microspheres, submicron in size and capable of producing thermoelastically generated ultrasound in response to laser stimulation, are presented as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging. Incident laser energy absorbed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled elastin submicrospheres results in thermoelastically generated sound production. Plotted A-line graphs reveal a distinctive morphology and a greater than two orders of magnitude increase in signal amplitude subsequent to converting FITC elastin into submicrospheres (despite a four orders of magnitude decrease in concentration). Evidence of nonlinearity and enhancement of ultrasound backscatter indicate a potential use in contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging. Photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging of FITC-elastin submicrospheres in a water-filled phantom vessel shows enhanced contrast at low concentration and clear delineation of the phantom vessel wall. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3155519]
C1 [McDonald, Michael A.] Natl Inst Sci & Techn Creat, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Jankovic, Ladislav; Shahzad, Khalid; Burcher, Michael] Philips Res USA, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510 USA.
   [Li, King C. P.] Methodist Hosp, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP McDonald, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Sci & Techn Creat, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM michael.a.mcdonald@nist.gov
NR 21
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1083-3668
J9 J BIOMED OPT
JI J. Biomed. Opt.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 14
IS 3
AR 034032
DI 10.1117/1.3155519
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
GA 477RN
UT WOS:000268536300041
PM 19566325
ER

PT J
AU Goldberg, RN
   Lang, BE
   Lo, C
   Ross, DJ
   Tewari, YB
AF Goldberg, Robert N.
   Lang, Brian E.
   Lo, Catherine
   Ross, David J.
   Tewari, Yadu B.
TI Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis reactions of alpha-D-galactose
   1-phosphate, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 4-nitrophenyl phosphate,
   phosphocreatine, and 3-phospho-D-glycerate
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Alkaline phosphatase; Apparent equilibrium constants; alpha-D-Galactose
   1-phosphate; sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate; 4-Nitrophenyl phosphate;
   Phosphocreatine; 3-Phospho-D-glycerate; calorimetry; Standard Gibbs free
   energy and enthalpy
ID ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS; APPARENT DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS;
   STABILITY-CONSTANTS; ADENOSINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL
   CONDITIONS; EQUILIBRIUM-CONSTANTS; ENTHALPY CHANGE; CREATINE; ACID;
   MAGNESIUM
AB Microcalorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.), and in enzymatic assay have been used to conduct a thermodynamic investigation of five phosphate hydrolysis reactions: {alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate(aq)+H(2)O(1) = D-galactose(aq) + orthophosphate(aq)} (1), {sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(aq) + H(2)O(1)=glycerol(aq) + orthophosphate(aq)} (2). {4-nitrophenyl phosphate(aq) + H(2)O(1) 4-nitrophenol(aq) + orthophosphate(aq)} (3), {phosphocreatine(aq) + H(2)O(1) = creatine(aq) + orthophosphate(aq)} (4), and {3-phospho=D-glycerate(aq) + H(2)O (1) =D-glycerate(aq) + orthophosphate(aq)} (5). Calorimetrically determined enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H(cal) were measured for reactions (1)-(5) and the apparent equilibrium constant K' was measured for reaction (2). The pKs and standard enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H for the H(+) and Mg(2+) binding reactions of the reactants and products in the aforementioned reactions were obtained either from the literature or by estimation. A chemical equilibrium model was then used to calculate standard equilibrium Constants K and standard enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H for chemical reference reactions that correspond to the overall biochemical reactions that Were Studied experimentally. Property Values from the literature and thermodynamic network Calculations were used to obtain values of the equilibrium constants for the chemical reference reactions that correspond to the overall biochemical reactions (1). These values were compared with other results from the literature and also correlated With Structural features. The results obtained in this Study can be used in the chemical equilibrium model to calculate values of K', the standard apparent Gibbs free energy changes Delta(r)G', the standard apparent enthalpy changes Delta(r)H", changes in binding of the proton Delta(r)N(H(+)), and the position of equilibrium for the overall biochemical reactions considered in this study over a reasonably wide range of temperature. pH, pMg [.. log(10){m(Mg(2+))/m degrees}], and ionic strength I. Values of K' and Delta(r)G'degrees under approximately physiological conditions (T = 310.15 K, pH 7.0, pMg = 3.0, and I(m) = 0.25 mol . kg(-1)) have been calculated. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Goldberg, Robert N.; Lang, Brian E.; Lo, Catherine; Ross, David J.; Tewari, Yadu B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA.
   [Goldberg, Robert N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA.
EM robert.goldberg@nist.gov; brian.lang@nist.gov; catherine.lo@nist.gov;
   david.ross@nist.gov; yadu.tewari@nist.gov
NR 53
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 41
IS 5
BP 654
EP 665
DI 10.1016/j.jct.2008.12.017
PG 12
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA 429YQ
UT WOS:000264956400014
ER

PT J
AU Seo, KH
   Wang, WQ
   Gottschalck, J
   Zhang, Q
   Schemm, JKE
   Higgins, WR
   Kumar, A
AF Seo, Kyong-Hwan
   Wang, Wanqiu
   Gottschalck, Jon
   Zhang, Qin
   Schemm, Jae-Kyung E.
   Higgins, Wayne R.
   Kumar, Arun
TI Evaluation of MJO Forecast Skill from Several Statistical and Dynamical
   Forecast Models
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OUTGOING LONGWAVE
   RADIATION; SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; EXTENDED-RANGE PREDICTION;
   TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; AMERICAN-MONSOON-SYSTEM; BOREAL SUMMER;
   EQUATORIAL WAVES; PRINCIPAL MODES
AB This work examines the performance of Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) forecasts from NCEP's coupled and uncoupled general circulation models (GCMs) and statistical models. The forecast skill from these methods is evaluated in near-real time. Using a projection of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-removed variables onto the principal patterns of MJO convection and upper- and lower-level circulations, MJO-related signals in the dynamical model forecasts are extracted. The operational NCEP atmosphere-ocean fully coupled Climate Forecast System (CFS) model has useful skill (> 0.5 correlation) out to similar to 15 days when the initial MJO convection is located over the Indian Ocean. The skill of the CFS hindcast dataset for the period from 1995 to 2004 is nearly comparable to that from a lagged multiple linear regression model, which uses information from the previous five pentads of the leading two principal components (PCs). In contrast, the real-time analysis for the MJO forecast skill for the period from January 2005 to February 2006 using the lagged multiple linear regression model is reduced to similar to 10-12 days. However, the operational CFS forecast for this period is skillful out to similar to 17 days for the winter season, implying that the coupled dynamical forecast has some usefulness in predicting the MJO compared to the statistical model.
   It is shown that the coupled CFS model consistently, but only slightly, outperforms the uncoupled atmospheric model (by one to two days), indicating that only limited improvement is gained from the inclusion of the coupled air-sea interaction in the MJO forecast in this model. This slight improvement may be the result of the existence of a propagation barrier around the Maritime Continent and the far western Pacific in the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) and CFS models, as shown in several previous studies. This work also suggests that the higher horizontal resolution and finer initial data might contribute to improving the forecast skill, presumably as a result of an enhanced representation of the Maritime Continent region.
C1 [Seo, Kyong-Hwan] Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan 609735, South Korea.
   [Wang, Wanqiu; Gottschalck, Jon; Zhang, Qin; Schemm, Jae-Kyung E.; Higgins, Wayne R.; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Seo, KH (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan 609735, South Korea.
EM khseo@pusan.ac.kr
FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program
   [CATER 2007-4208]; NOAA Climate Program Office; Korea Institute of
   Science and Technology Information (KISTI)
FX The authors thank Drs. Matt Wheeler and Paul Roundy for their valuable
   comments and suggestions. This work was funded by the Korea
   Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under
   Grant CATER 2007-4208 and the NOAA Climate Program Office under the
   Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) program. KH Seo would
   like to acknowledge the support from the Korea Institute of Science and
   Technology Information (KISTI).
NR 57
TC 68
Z9 78
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 9
BP 2372
EP 2388
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2421.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 448TT
UT WOS:000266285600007
ER

PT J
AU Huang, HP
   Robertson, AW
   Kushnir, Y
   Peng, SL
AF Huang, Huei-Ping
   Robertson, Andrew W.
   Kushnir, Yochanan
   Peng, Shiling
TI Hindcasts of Tropical Atlantic SST Gradient and South American
   Precipitation: The Influences of the ENSO Forcing and the Atlantic
   Preconditioning
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; OSCILLATION;
   TELECONNECTION; CIRCULATION; MECHANISMS; PREDICTION; NORDESTE; MODEL
AB Hindcast experiments for the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) gradient G1, defined as tropical North Atlantic SST anomaly minus tropical South Atlantic SST anomaly, are performed using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean over the Atlantic to quantify the contributions of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing and the preconditioning in the Atlantic to G1 in boreal spring. The results confirm previous observational analyses that, in the years with a persistent ENSO SST anomaly from boreal winter to spring, the ENSO forcing plays a primary role in determining the tendency of G1 from winter to spring and the sign of G1 in late spring. In the hindcasts, the initial perturbations in Atlantic SST in boreal winter are found to generally persist beyond a season, leaving a secondary but nonnegligible contribution to the predicted Atlantic SST gradient in spring. For 1993/94, a neutral year with a large preexisting G1 in winter, the hindcast using the information of Atlantic preconditioning alone is found to reproduce the observed G1 in spring. The seasonal predictability in precipitation over South America is examined in the hindcast experiments. For the recent events that can be validated with high-quality observations, the hindcasts produced dryness in boreal spring 1983, wetness in spring 1996, and wetness in spring 1994 over northern Brazil that are qualitatively consistent with observations. An inclusion of the Atlantic preconditioning is found to help the prediction of South American rainfall in boreal spring. For the ENSO years, discrepancies remain between the hindcast and observed precipitation anomalies over northern and equatorial South America, an error that is partially attributed to the biased atmospheric response to ENSO forcing in the model. The hindcast of the 1993/94 neutral year does not suffer this error. It constitutes an intriguing example of useful seasonal forecast of G1 and South American rainfall anomalies without ENSO.
C1 [Huang, Huei-Ping] Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   [Robertson, Andrew W.] Columbia Univ, Internatl Res Inst Climate & Soc, New York, NY USA.
   [Kushnir, Yochanan] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
   [Peng, Shiling] Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Peng, Shiling] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Huang, HP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM hp.huang@asu.edu
RI Kushnir, Yochanan/B-4472-2013; Robertson, Andrew/H-7138-2015
FU NSF [ATM-05-43256]; NOAA CLIVAR-Atlantic Program; NOAA CPPA Program;
   NOAA, U. S. Department of Commerce [NA03-OAR4320179]
FX The authors thank Dr. Brant Liebmann for providing the South American
   precipitation dataset used in this study. The comments and suggestions
   from three anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. This work
   was supported by NSF Grant ATM-05-43256, NOAA CLIVAR-Atlantic Program,
   NOAA CPPA Program, and the CICAR Award NA03-OAR4320179 from NOAA, U. S.
   Department of Commerce.
NR 34
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 9
BP 2405
EP 2421
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2569.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 448TT
UT WOS:000266285600009
ER

PT J
AU Wang, HL
   Schubert, S
   Suarez, M
   Chen, JY
   Hoerling, M
   Kumar, A
   Pegion, P
AF Wang, Hailan
   Schubert, Siegfried
   Suarez, Max
   Chen, Junye
   Hoerling, Martin
   Kumar, Arun
   Pegion, Philip
TI Attribution of the Seasonality and Regionality in Climate Trends over
   the United States during 1950-2000
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SPATIOTEMPORAL STRUCTURE; COUPLED MODEL;
   SEA-ICE; PART I; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; REANALYSES; US
AB The observed climate trends over the United States during 1950-2000 exhibit distinct seasonality and regionality. The surface air temperature exhibits a warming trend during winter, spring, and early summer and a modest countrywide cooling trend in late summer and fall, with the strongest warming occurring over the northern United States in spring. Precipitation trends are positive in all seasons, with the largest trend occurring over the central and southern United States in fall. This study investigates the causes of the seasonality and regionality of those trends, with a focus on the cooling and wetting trends in the central United States during late summer and fall. In particular, the authors examine the link between the seasonality and regionality of the climate trends over the United States and the leading patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) variability, including a global warming (GW) pattern and a Pacific decadal variability (PDV) pattern.
   A series of idealized atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments were performed forced by SST trends associated with these leading SST patterns, as well as the residual trend pattern ( obtained by removing the GW and PDV contributions). The results show that the observed seasonal and spatial variations of the climate trends over the United States are to a large extent explained by changes in SST. Among the leading patterns of SST variability, the PDV pattern plays a prominent role in producing both the seasonality and regionality of the climate trends over the United States. In particular, it is the main contributor to the apparent cooling and wetting trends over the central United States. The residual SST trend, a manifestation of phase changes of the Atlantic multidecadal SST variation during 1950-2000, also exerts influences that show strong seasonality with important contributions to the central U. S. temperature and precipitation during the summer and fall seasons. In contrast, the response over the United States to the GW SST pattern is an overall warming with little seasonality or regional variation. These results highlight the important contributions of decadal and multidecadal variability in the Pacific and Atlantic in explaining the observed seasonality and regionality of the climate trends over the United States during the period of 1950-2000.
C1 [Wang, Hailan] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   [Chen, Junye] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Kumar, Arun; Pegion, Philip] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Wang, HL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off UMBC GEST, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM hailan.wang@nasa.gov
RI Chen, Junye/G-4301-2011; Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012
FU NASA; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
FX This study is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (
   MAP) project on Climate Transitions in the 1970s. We wish to acknowledge
   the international modeling groups for providing their data for analysis,
   the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for
   collecting and archiving the model data, the JSC/CLIVAR WGCM and their
   Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation
   Panel for organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1
   TSU for technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore
   National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, U.S.
   Department of Energy. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their
   constructive comments and suggestions, which led to many improvements in
   the presentation of the results.
NR 40
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 10
BP 2571
EP 2590
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2359.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 453CG
UT WOS:000266587200006
ER

PT J
AU Caldwell, PC
   Vitousek, S
   Aucan, JP
AF Caldwell, Patrick C.
   Vitousek, Sean
   Aucan, Jerome P.
TI Frequency and Duration of Coinciding High Surf and Tides along the North
   Shore of Oahu, Hawaii, 1981-2007
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Wave run-up; wave wash; tides; coastal flooding and erosion; buoy data
ID WAVE HEIGHTS
AB Wave run-up along the north shore of Oahu has an annual cycle with a maximum centered on boreal winter. An understanding of the variability of high wave wash is important for coastal planning, transportation, safety, and property protection. Wave run-up increases with increasing surf size and tidal height. This study analyzed hourly historic wave data and predicted tides from 1981 to 2007 to better understand wave run-up potential based on the frequency and duration (in hours) that high surf and tides coincided as categorized by thresholds of surf and tidal height.
   The Waimea buoy, located just 5 km offshore, was the primary source for deep-water wave height and period. However, this series only began in 2001. The National Data Buoy Center platform 51001 extends back to 1981. Its location is sufficiently remote from Oahu to warrant a correction in significant wave height. The correction was made based on a regression analysis between dadly mean wave heights from these two buoys. From the final, deep-water, nearshore Oahu, hourly series of swell height and period, surf heights were calculated using an empirical transformation scheme.
   Thresholds were defined for four surf heights and three tidal elevations. Recurrence was calculated for each of the 12 categories. Duration was computed by summing consecutive hours for each event above each threshold. Historical evidence of sand wash onto select portions of the coastal highway was used to qualitatively rank the 12 categories as marginal, significant, or extreme. One important application of these results would be improvement to surf-related coastal flood forecasts by the National Weather Service in pursuit of protection of life and property. For future design considerations, a joint probability model was constructed to better understand the annual average number of hours exceeding any given paired surf and tidal height.
C1 [Caldwell, Patrick C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Natl Coastal Data Dev, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Vitousek, Sean] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Aucan, Jerome P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Caldwell, PC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Natl Coastal Data Dev, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 316, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM patrick.caldwell@noaa.gov
RI Aucan, Jerome/M-8378-2014
OI Aucan, Jerome/0000-0002-9883-0082
FU The NOAA Coastal Data Development Center
FX The NOAA Coastal Data Development Center is greatly appreciated for
   support to the lead author. Thanks for buoy collection and maintenance
   are given to the NOAA NDBC, CDIP, and UH Department of Oceanography. Dr.
   Jerome Aucan deserves recognition for his diligence in keeping the
   Waimea buoy operational. The finalized NDBC data were acquired through
   the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center. The NOAA National Ocean
   Service is appreciated for Mokuoloe tide gauge data and interannual
   variability graph. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the Archive of
   Rapidly Sampled Sea Level Data (Doug Luther and Bernie Kilonsky at UH)
   are thanked for the Haleiwa sea-level data. The NOAA NWS is acknowledged
   for access to the Storm Data reports available online. Hawaii Department
   of Transportation is appreciated for access to reports of sand and
   debris on the highway. A summary of these data was prepared by
   Christopher P. Kontoes. Thanks are extended to Chip Fletcher of the UH
   Coastal Geology Group and Mark Merrifield of the UH Department of
   Oceanography for review of the analytical approach. This article was
   originally prepared for the 10th International Workshop on Wave
   Hindcasting and Forecasting and Coastal Hazards, Turtle Bay, Oahu,
   Hawaii, November 11-16, 2007.
NR 21
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 3
BP 734
EP 743
DI 10.2112/08-1004.1
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 447HN
UT WOS:000266182300017
ER

PT J
AU Stevens, BG
AF Stevens, Bradley G.
TI HARDENING OF RED KING CRAB PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS (TILESIUS, 1815)
   SHELLS AFTER MOLTING
SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Anomura; molting; Paralithodes camtschaticus; red king crab; shell
   hardness
ID MALE SNOW CRAB; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; TERMINAL MOLT; TANNER CRABS;
   MATURITY; BAIRDI; CYCLE
AB Shell hardness was measured with a durometer for female red king crabs, Paralithodes camtschaticus, held in the laboratory over variable periods up to 107 days after molting. The data were fit best by a hyperbolic equation, with parameters beta(0) = 0.216 and beta(1) = 0.019 (R(2) = 0.976, n = 199), and an asymptotic value of 50.7 durometer units (DU). The time required to reach 90% of complete shell hardness (H(90) = 45.6 DU) was calculated to be 74.2 days. Molting dates for all crabs were hindcast using the last measurement that was less than H(90) and mere within 2.5 +/- 6.4 days (mean +/- SE, n = 34) of the actual molting date.
C1 [Stevens, Bradley G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Fishery Res Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
RP Stevens, BG (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.
EM bstevens@umassd.edu
NR 26
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU CRUSTACEAN SOC
PI SAN ANTONIO
PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA
SN 0278-0372
J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL
JI J. Crustac. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 2
BP 157
EP 160
DI 10.1651/08-3039.1
PG 4
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 432HW
UT WOS:000265125100002
ER

PT J
AU Ozcam, AE
   Efimenko, K
   Jaye, C
   Spontak, RJ
   Fischer, DA
   Genzer, J
AF Ozcam, Ali E.
   Efimenko, Kirill
   Jaye, Cherno
   Spontak, Richard J.
   Fischer, Daniel A.
   Genzer, Jan
TI Modification of PET surfaces with self-assembled monolayers of
   organosilane precursors
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA
LA English
DT Article
DE Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET); Ultraviolet/ozone (UVO); Polymer
   surface modification; SAM; NEXAFS
ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY;
   ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS; POLYMER SURFACES; CONTACT-ANGLE;
   POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); POLYPROPYLENE; DISCHARGE; UV;
   PHOTOOXIDATION
AB We report on a facile, robust and rapid method by which poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces can be chemically modified while avoiding chemical degradation. Specifically, we demonstrate that brief exposure of PET surfaces to ultraviolet/ozone (UVO) generates a large surface concentration of hydrophilic moieties that serve as points of chemical attachment, thereby facilitating subsequent chemisorption of organosilane precursors. The feasibility of this methodology is tested by decorating UVO-modified PET surfaces with semifluorinated organosilane (SFOS) molecules, which serve to alter the surface energy of PET without compromising its bulk characteristics. The physico-chemical properties of the SFOS layers attached to PET are studied with a palette of experimental probes, including near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ellipsometry. Experimental results indicate that approximate to 2 min of UVO treatment is optimal for covering PET with dense self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of SFOS. Longer UVO treatment times contaminate and correspondingly roughen PET surfaces with low-molecular-weight organic compounds (LMWOCs) generated from degradation of the topmost PET material. As a consequence. SFOS SAMs attached to the LMWOC layer readily wash off from UVO-treated PET. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ozcam, Ali E.; Efimenko, Kirill; Spontak, Richard J.; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Spontak, Richard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Genzer, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 911 Partners Way,POB 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM Jan_Genzer@ncsu.edu
FU United Resource Recovery Corporation (URRC); U.S. Department of Energy,
   Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences
FX We thank the United Resource Recovery Corporation (URRC) for supporting
   this research and Dr. Ryan Fuierer from Asylum Research for his
   assistance with AFM measurements. The NEXAFS spectroscopy experiments
   were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven
   National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical
   Sciences.
NR 37
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0368-2048
EI 1873-2526
J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC
JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 172
IS 1-3
SI SI
BP 95
EP 103
DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2009.03.012
PG 9
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA 465DH
UT WOS:000267561500014
ER

PT J
AU Wuenschel, MJ
   Able, KW
   Byrne, D
AF Wuenschel, M. J.
   Able, K. W.
   Byrne, D.
TI Seasonal patterns of winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus
   abundance and reproductive condition on the New York Bight continental
   shelf
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE condition factor; energy allocation; gonado-somatic index; habitat;
   hepato-somatic index; spawning seasonality
ID PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ENERGY CONTENT; ATLANTIC COD;
   GROWTH; FISHES; POPULATION; MATURATION; MOVEMENTS; PLAICE
AB To resolve varied and sometimes conflicting accounts of spawning and habitat characteristics for winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, seasonal patterns in abundance and reproductive condition were investigated in the New York Bight, near the southern edge of their current reproductive range. Fish were collected from trawl surveys on the inner continental shelf from October 2006 to October 2007. Pseudopleuronectes americanus were most abundant during January and April surveys, were rarely collected in August, with intermediate abundances in June and October. Measurements of fish condition [hepato-somatic index (I(H)), condition factor (K) and the per cent dry mass of muscle tissue (%M(D))] and reproductive condition [gonado-somatic index (I(G))] were determined to evaluate seasonal changes in energy accumulation and depletion and reproduction. Males and females had similar patterns in body and reproductive condition, although the magnitude of change was greater for females. I(H) values were highest during spring and early summer, suggesting increased feeding following spawning. K and %M(D) increased through spring and summer then declined in the autumn and winter concurrent with gonadal development. Gonads began developing in the autumn, and in January, I(G) values approached spawning levels, with many spent individuals collected in spring. Within these general patterns, however, there was a large degree of variability among individuals, and a few mature non-reproductive ('skipped spawning') females were observed. In the period after spawning, increased energy intake, indicated by increased I(H), may influence reproductive output since this energy is gradually transferred to the muscle and used for gonadal development in the forthcoming year. The occurrence of ripening individuals on the inner continental shelf in January suggests that these fish either rapidly move into estuaries to spawn by February-March or they remain on the inner shelf to spawn, or some combination of these. Future studies should evaluate these possibilities, as both estuarine and inner shelf habitats are potentially affected by activities such as dredging, sand dredging and wind energy development.
C1 [Wuenschel, M. J.; Able, K. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA.
   [Byrne, D.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Nacote Creek Res Stn, Port Republic, NJ 08241 USA.
RP Wuenschel, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM mark.wuenschel@noaa.gov
FU Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University
FX The authors thank New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
   personnel (L. Barry, A. Mazzarella and S. Reap), the staff at the
   Rutgers University Marine Field Station and Captain S. Cluett and crew
   of the R.V. Seawolf for assistance. T. Grothues provided estuarine
   samples from the Navesink River. We also thank J. Burnett, T. Grothues,
   R. McBride, P. Scarlett, S. Cadrin and anonymous reviewers for comments
   on earlier drafts. The views expressed herein are those of the authors
   and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its
   subagencies. This paper is contribution No. 2009-1 from the Institute of
   Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University.
NR 64
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 74
IS 7
BP 1508
EP 1524
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02217.x
PG 17
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 438JB
UT WOS:000265550600012
PM 20735650
ER

PT J
AU Richards, VP
   Henning, M
   Witzell, W
   Shivji, MS
AF Richards, Vincent P.
   Henning, Marcy
   Witzell, Wayne
   Shivji, Mahmood S.
TI Species Delineation and Evolutionary History of the Globally Distributed
   Spotted Eagle Ray (Aetobatus narinari)
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
DE batoid; conservation; evolutionary history; speciation
ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; TESTING HYPOTHESES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT;
   COMBINING DATA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; FRESH-WATER; GENE FLOW; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY;
   CONSERVATION; SPECIATION
AB The spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari), a large coral reef-associated batoid of conservation concern, is currently described as a single, circumglobally distributed species. However, geographic differences in its morphology and parasite diversity have raised unconfirmed suspicions that A. narinari may constitute a species complex. We used 1570 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data (cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and internal transcribed spacer 2) to assess the validity of A. narinari as a single cosmopolitan species and infer its evolutionary history. Specimens from 4 major geographic regions were examined: the Central Atlantic, Eastern Pacific, Western Pacific, and Central Pacific. Phylogenies described 3 distinct, reciprocally monophyletic lineages with no genetic exchange among regions. Based on combined genealogical concordance and genetic distance criteria, we recommend that the Western/Central Pacific lineage be recognized as a distinct species from lineages in the Central Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. The latter 2 lineages, separated by the Isthmus of Panama, are proposed as subspecies. A basal position in phylogenetic analyses and statistical parsimony results support an Indo-West Pacific origin for the A. narinari species complex, with subsequent westerly dispersal around the southern tip of Africa into the Atlantic and then into the Eastern Pacific.
C1 [Richards, Vincent P.; Shivji, Mahmood S.] Nova SE Univ, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
   [Richards, Vincent P.; Shivji, Mahmood S.] Nova SE Univ, Save Our Seas Shark Ctr, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
   [Henning, Marcy; Shivji, Mahmood S.] Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
   [Witzell, Wayne] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Shivji, MS (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Oceanog Ctr, 8000 N Ocean Dr, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
EM mahmood@nova.edu
FU NOAA Center [NA04NOS4260065]; Save Our Seas Foundation [71]; Guy Harvey
   Research Institute operational funds
FX NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Science award #NA04NOS4260065 to
   the National Coral Reef Institute; the Save Our Seas Foundation Project
   grant 71; the Guy Harvey Research Institute operational funds. This is
   NCRI publication No. 111.
NR 77
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 22
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1503
EI 1465-7333
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 100
IS 3
BP 273
EP 283
DI 10.1093/jhered/esp005
PG 11
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 434JY
UT WOS:000265272200001
PM 19304741
ER

PT J
AU Roden, SE
   Dutton, PH
   Morin, PA
AF Roden, Suzanne E.
   Dutton, Peter H.
   Morin, Phillip A.
TI AFLP Fragment Isolation Technique as a Method to Produce Random
   Sequences for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Discovery in the Green
   Turtle, Chelonia mydas
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
DE AFLP; Chelonia mydas; green turtle; single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP
ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ANONYMOUS NUCLEAR LOCI; MICROSATELLITE
   LOCI; SNP; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; FLOW; DNA;
   MITOCHONDRIAL
AB The green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, was used as a case study for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in a species that has little genetic sequence information available. As green turtles have a complex population structure, additional nuclear markers other than microsatellites could add to our understanding of their complex life history. Amplified fragment length polymorphism technique was used to generate sets of random fragments of genomic DNA, which were then electrophoretically separated with precast gels, stained with SYBR green, excised, and directly sequenced. It was possible to perform this method without the use of polyacrylamide gels, radioactive or fluorescent labeled primers, or hybridization methods, reducing the time, expense, and safety hazards of SNP discovery. Within 13 loci, 2547 base pairs were screened, resulting in the discovery of 35 SNPs. Using this method, it was possible to yield a sufficient number of loci to screen for SNP markers without the availability of prior sequence information.
C1 [Roden, Suzanne E.; Dutton, Peter H.; Morin, Phillip A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Roden, Suzanne E.] Univ San Diego, Dept Marine Sci, San Diego, CA 92110 USA.
RP Roden, SE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM suzanne.roden@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Southwest Fisheries Science Center
FX National Marine Fisheries Service; Southwest Fisheries Science Center.
NR 27
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 11
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1503
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 100
IS 3
BP 390
EP 393
DI 10.1093/jhered/esn108
PG 4
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 434JY
UT WOS:000265272200014
PM 19074754
ER

PT J
AU Cheng, GJ
   Shull, RD
   Walker, ARH
AF Cheng, Guangjun
   Shull, Robert D.
   Walker, A. R. Hight
TI Dipolar chains formed by chemically synthesized cobalt nanocubes
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Conference on Scientific and Clinical Applications of
   Magnetic Carriers
CY MAY 20-24, 2008
CL Vancouver, CANADA
DE Cobalt; Nanocubes; Magnetic nanoparticles; Dipolar chains; Magnetic
   property
ID ELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY; NANOPARTICLES; ASSEMBLIES; SHAPE; NANOSCALE;
   MAGNETITE; SIZE
AB Cobalt nanocubes with an average edge length of 50 nm and epsilon crystalline structure were synthesized via thermo-decomposition in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at 120 degrees C in the presence of surfactants. These nanocubes form dipolar chains upon drying in zero applied field and bundles of chains along the direction of an applied magnetic field. The magnetic measurements reveal strong interparticle couplings among the nanocubes in their dried magnetic-field-induced assemblies. The constricted hysteresis loops and near-zero coercivity indicate the existence of vortex states in the assemblies. Exposure to electron beam heats up the nanocubes and turns the dipolar chains into nanowires. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Shull, Robert D.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cheng, GJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov
RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009
OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-8853
J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER
JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 321
IS 10
BP 1351
EP 1355
DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.02.037
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 434ME
UT WOS:000265278000005
ER

PT J
AU Maki, A
   Masiello, T
   Blake, TA
   Nibler, JW
   Weber, A
AF Maki, Arthur
   Masiello, Tony
   Blake, Thomas A.
   Nibler, Joseph W.
   Weber, Alfons
TI On the determination of C-0 (or A(0)), D-0(K), H-0(K), and some dark
   states for symmetric-top molecules from infrared spectra without the
   need for localized perturbations
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Spectroscopy; Infrared spectroscopy; Molecular structure; Rotational
   constants; Boron trifluoride; Sulfur trioxide; Cyclopropane; Allene
ID MICROWAVE FOURIER-TRANSFORM; PURE ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; DOUBLE-RESONANCE;
   4600 CM(-1); SPECTROSCOPY; (BF3)-B-11; CONSTANTS; BANDS; AO; COMBINATION
AB For symmetric-top molecules, the normal Delta k = 0, Delta l = 0 and Delta k = +/- 1, Delta l = +/- 1 selection rules for parallel and perpendicular bands, respectively, do not allow the determination of the K-dependent rotational constants, C-0 (or A(0)), D-0(K), H-0(K) However, we show here that several different combinations of allowed and apparently unperturbed rovibrational infrared transitions can give access to those constants. A necessary ingredient for the application of this technique is a band with selection rules Delta k = +/- 1 (or Delta k = 0). Delta l = -/+ 2, such as an overtone or difference band, and appropriate other bands. Bands with selection rules Delta k = +/- 2, Delta l = -/+ 1 are also useful but are seldom found. As a general rule, more than one vibrational transition is needed. Examples are given for boron trifluoride (BF3 Sulfur trioxide (SO3), and cyclopropane (C3H6) for which there are microwave measurements that provide a check on the derived constants. The technique is also extended to a D-2d molecule, allene, even though we have no measurements to use as an example, Examples are also given for the determination of dark states from difference bands, and/or hot bands, and also whole forbidden bands that arise from mixing with distant energy levels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Masiello, Tony; Blake, Thomas A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Nibler, Joseph W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA.
   [Weber, Alfons] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Masiello, T (reprint author), Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Chem, East Bay,25800 Carlos Bee Blvd, Hayward, CA 94542 USA.
EM tony.masiello@csueastbay.edu
FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research;
   Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; United States Department of
   Energy; Battelle Memorial Institute [AC05-76RL01830]
FX The research described here was performed in the Environmental Molecular
   Sciences Laboratory, a National Scientific User Facility sponsored by
   the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The
   Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the United States
   Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute Linder contract
   number AC05-76RL01830.
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 255
IS 1
BP 56
EP 62
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2009.02.004
PG 7
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 441GT
UT WOS:000265758000008
ER

PT J
AU Cronin, MF
   Kessler, WS
AF Cronin, Meghan F.
   Kessler, William S.
TI Near-Surface Shear Flow in the Tropical Pacific Cold Tongue Front
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EKMAN BALANCE; UPPER OCEAN; DIAGNOSTIC MODEL; WIND
   STRESS; PARAMETERIZATION; SEA; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; TURBULENCE
AB Near-surface shear in the Pacific cold tongue front at 2 degrees N, 140 degrees W was measured using a set of five moored current meters between 5 and 25 m for nine months during 2004-05. Mean near-surface currents were strongly westward and only weakly northward (similar to 3 cm s(-1)). Mean near-surface shear was primarily westward and, thus, oriented to the left of the southeasterly trades. When the southwestward geostrophic shear was subtracted from the observed shear, the residual ageostrophic currents relative to 25 m were northward and had an Ekman-like spiral, in qualitative agreement with an Ekman model modified for regions with a vertically uniform front. According to this "frontal Ekman'' model, the ageostrophic Ekman spiral is forced by the portion of the wind stress that is not balanced by the surface geostrophic shear. Analysis of a composite tropical instability wave (TIW) confirms that ageostrophic shear is minimized when winds blow along the front, and strengthens when winds blow oblique to the front. Furthermore, the magnitude of the near-surface shear, both in the TIW and diurnal composites, was sensitive to near-surface stratification and mixing. A diurnal jet was observed that was on average 12 cm s(-1) stronger at 5 m than at 25 m, even though daytime stratification was weak. The resulting Richardson number indicates that turbulent viscosity is larger at night than daytime and decreases with depth. A "generalized Ekman'' model is also developed that assumes that viscosity becomes zero below a defined frictional layer. The generalized model reproduces many of the features of the observed mean shear and is valid both in frontal regions and at the equator.
C1 [Cronin, Meghan F.; Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Cronin, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM meghan.f.cronin@noaa.gov
NR 40
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 39
IS 5
BP 1200
EP 1215
DI 10.1175/2008JPO4064.1
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 450EA
UT WOS:000266382600008
ER

PT J
AU Pullela, SR
   Shen, JY
   Marquez, M
   Cheng, ZD
AF Pullela, Srinivasa R.
   Shen, Jingyi
   Marquez, Manuel
   Cheng, Zhengdong
TI A Comparative Study of Temperature Dependence of Induction Time and
   Oscillatory Frequency in Polymer-Immobilized and Free Catalyst
   Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reactions
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE activation energy; Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction; catalysts; induction
   time; microgels
ID SOLUBLE-INSOLUBLE CHANGES; CHEMICAL OSCILLATION; SELF-OSCILLATION;
   MEMORY DEVICE; SYSTEM; WAVES; GEL; MOTION; PATTERNS; DRIVEN
AB Environment-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles with covalently bonded ruthenium(4-vinyl-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) bis (2,2'-bipyridine) [Ru(vmbipy)(bipy)(2)] display periodic size changes when placed in Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction substrates. The temperature dependency of the induction time and oscillatory frequency of the BZ reaction in this polymer-immobilized catalyst system were compared to the bulk BZ reaction with the catalyst in the solution phase. Prolonged induction times are observed for the immobilized catalyst, compared with free catalyst, while little difference is observed on the oscillation frequency. The Arrbenius frequency factor calculated using the induction time for the immobilized catalyst BZ reaction is about seven times smaller than that for the free catalyst Ru(bipy)(3)(2+) case. On the other hand, the Arrhenius frequency factors calculated using the oscillatory frequency are almost the same, showing similar reaction kinetics during the BZ oscillations. The tunability of the induction time using a polymer matrix, as we observed here, while maintaining similar oscillatory behavior, should provide a new dimension to control the self-assembling of BZ active particles. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part 13: Polym Phys 47: 847-854,
C1 [Pullela, Srinivasa R.; Shen, Jingyi; Cheng, Zhengdong] Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Cheng, ZD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM zhengdong.cheng@chemail.tamu.edu
FU Texas Engineering Experiment Station (TEES); Texas AM University
FX The authors thank Professors Michael Bevan and Arul Jayaraman for
   sharing their research equipment, and the Materials Characterization
   Facilities (MCF) center at Texas A&M University for its research
   facilities. The authors are also grateful to our colleagues, Dr. Dawei
   Luo, Peng He, Shannon Eichmann, and Richard Beckbam, for their help with
   the equipment. This work is supported by the startup fund of Texas
   Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), and Texas A&M University.
NR 46
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 17
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 47
IS 9
BP 847
EP 854
DI 10.1002/polb.21682
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 435AZ
UT WOS:000265316900001
ER

PT J
AU Colle, R
AF Colle, R.
TI Radionuclidic standardization by primary methods: An overview
SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Nuclear Chemistry Congress (2nd-INCC)
CY APR 13-17, 2008
CL Cancun, MEXICO
ID METROLOGY; SYSTEM; RADON; NEEDS; NI-63; NBS
AB Primary methods of radionuclidic standardization serve as the underlying basis of the physical measurement standards of activity that are needed in virtually every sub-discipline of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry. Primary methods refer to the direct measurement of the number of nuclear transformations that occur per unit time, without recourse to other calibrations or standards. Such measurements, leading to the development and dissemination of radioactivity standards, are primarily performed under the purview of national metrology laboratories, like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the USA. This paper briefly reviews some of the various primary methods that have been developed by many such laboratories over many years. Their features and their role in ensuring the quality of radioactivity measurements are highlighted by several primary standardizations that have been recently performed at NIST.
C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Colle, R (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rcolle@nist.gov
NR 45
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0236-5731
J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH
JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 280
IS 2
BP 265
EP 273
DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0509-5
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science &
   Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 440QE
UT WOS:000265714000010
ER

PT J
AU Jendzurski, J
   Paulter, NG
AF Jendzurski, John
   Paulter, Nicholas G.
TI Calibration of Speed Enforcement Down-The-Road Radars
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE calibration; down the road radar; DTR radar; radar; traffic radar;
   uncertainty
AB We examine the measurement uncertainty associated with different methods of calibrating the ubiquitous down-the-road (DTR) radar used in speed enforcement. These calibration methods include the use of audio frequency sources, tuning forks, a fifth wheel attached to the rear of the vehicle with the radar unit, and the speedometer of the vehicle. We also provide an analysis showing the effect of calibration uncertainty on DTR-radar speed measurement uncertainty.
C1 [Jendzurski, John; Paulter, Nicholas G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Law Enforcement Stand, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jendzurski, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Law Enforcement Stand, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.jendzurski@nist.gov; nicholas.paulter@nist.gov
NR 5
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 114
IS 3
BP 137
EP 148
DI 10.6028/jres.114.009
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 485NT
UT WOS:000269130900001
PM 27504217
ER

PT J
AU Ma, LJ
   Mink, A
   Tang, X
AF Ma, Lijun
   Mink, Alan
   Tang, Xiao
TI High Speed Quantum Key Distribution Over Optical Fiber Network System
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE detection time bin shift; fiber network; frequency up-conversion
   detection; quantum key distribution; BB84; B92
ID GBPS CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY SYSTEMS; SHORT-WAVELENGTH;
   UP-CONVERSION; LIMITS
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a number of complete fiber-based high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that includes an 850 nm QKD system for a local area network (LAN), a 1310 nm QKD system for a metropolitan area network ( MAN), and a 3-node quantum network controlled by a network manager. This paper discusses the key techniques used to implement these systems, which include polarization recovery, noise reduction, frequency up-conversion detection based on a periodically polled lithium nitrate (PPLN) waveguide, custom high-speed data handling boards and quantum network management. Using our quantum network, a QKD secured video surveillance application has been demonstrated. Our intention is to show the feasibility and sophistication of QKD systems based on current technology.
C1 [Ma, Lijun; Mink, Alan; Tang, Xiao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM lijun.ma@nist.gov; alan.mink@nist.gov; xiao.tang@nist.gov
FU NIST quantum information initiative
FX This work was supported by the NIST quantum information initiative. This
   work is an extension of the QuIST program supported in part by the
   Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). We wish to
   acknowledge the important contributions from Hai Xu on the development
   of our 1310 nm QKD system, from Barry Hershman for fabrication and
   testing of our high-speed data handling boards and from Tassos Nakassis
   for his development of our error correction and privacy amplification
   algorithms. We would also like to thank Joshua Bienfang for his
   extensive technical discussions.
NR 44
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 7
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 114
IS 3
BP 149
EP 177
DI 10.6028/jres.114.010
PG 29
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 485NT
UT WOS:000269130900002
PM 27504218
ER

PT J
AU Tarrio, C
AF Tarrio, Charles
TI Method for the Characterization of Extreme-Ultraviolet Photoresist
   Outgassing
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE contamination; extreme ultraviolet; outgassing; photoresist; vacuum
ID MULTILAYER MIRRORS; SURFACES
AB Outgassing from photoresists illuminated by extreme ultraviolet radiation can lead to degradation of the very expensive multilayer-coated optics in an extreme ultraviolet stepper. Reliable quantification of the various organic molecules outgassed by photoresists has been a challenging goal. We have designed a compact system for this measurement. In the first step, the total number of molecules emitted by the photoresist is measured using a pressure-rise method in a closed vacuum chamber, with the pressure measured by mechanical means using a capacitance displacement gauge. To provide identification and relative abundances, the outgassed molecules are then collected in an evacuated trap cooled by liquid nitrogen for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. We will discuss the design and performance of the system.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tarrio, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM charles.tarrio@nist.gov
FU Intel Corporation
FX This work was supported in part by Intel Corporation.
NR 8
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 114
IS 3
BP 179
EP 183
DI 10.6028/jres.114.011
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 485NT
UT WOS:000269130900003
PM 27504219
ER

PT J
AU Cooper, JW
   Coplan, MA
   Hughes, PP
AF Cooper, John W.
   Coplan, Michael A.
   Hughes, Patrick P.
TI The Detection of Lyman Alpha Radiation Formed by the Slowing Down of
   Protons and Tritons Produced by the He-3 (n,tp) Reaction-A Model Study
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE charge exchange; computer modeling; Lyman alpha radiation; neutron
   detection
AB The observation of Lyman alpha (L alpha) radiation produced by the end products of the He-3 (n,tp) reaction has suggested the possibility of a new method of cold thermal neutron detection. In order for this goal to be achieved, a basic understanding of how the L alpha radiation is formed and how it may be detected, is needed. The model study described here is an attempt to provide this basic understanding and to provide quantitative results that can be used in designing future experiments.
C1 [Cooper, John W.; Coplan, Michael A.; Hughes, Patrick P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Hughes, Patrick P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cooper, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM jwc@umd.edu; coplan@umd.edu; patrick.hughes@nist.gov
FU OPM [CSA-3115486]
FX Dr. Alan K. Thompson made a number of useful suggestions during the
   course of this work and substantially improved the quality of the
   presentation. J.W.C. acknowledges support from OPM under contract No.
   CSA-3115486.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 114
IS 3
BP 185
EP 194
DI 10.6028/jres.114.012
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 485NT
UT WOS:000269130900004
PM 27504220
ER

PT J
AU Gilliam, D
   Leigh, S
   Rukhin, A
   Strawderman, W
AF Gilliam, David
   Leigh, Stefan
   Rukhin, Andrew
   Strawderman, William
TI Pass-Fail Testing: Statistical Requirements and Interpretations
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE binomial distribution; confidence bounds; confidence coefficient;
   critical value; probability of detection; probability of false alarm
AB Performance standards for detector systems often include requirements for probability of detection and probability of false alarm at a specified level of statistical confidence. This paper reviews the accepted definitions of confidence level and of critical value. It describes the testing requirements for establishing either of these probabilities at a desired confidence level. These requirements are computable in terms of functions that are readily avail-able in statistical software packages and general spreadsheet applications. The statistical interpretations of the critical values are discussed. A table is included for illustration, and a plot is presented showing the minimum required numbers of pass-fail tests. The results given here are applicable to one-sided testing of any system with performance characteristics conforming to a binomial distribution.
C1 [Gilliam, David; Leigh, Stefan; Rukhin, Andrew; Strawderman, William] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gilliam, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.gilliam@nist.gov; stefan.leigh@nist.gov; andrew.rukhin@nist.gov;
   william.strawderman@nist.gov
NR 5
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 114
IS 3
BP 195
EP 199
DI 10.6028/jres.114.013
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 485NT
UT WOS:000269130900005
PM 27504221
ER

PT J
AU Fanney, AH
   Dougherty, BP
   Davis, MW
AF Fanney, A. Hunter
   Dougherty, Brian P.
   Davis, Mark W.
TI Comparison of Predicted to Measured Photovoltaic Module Performance
SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference of the ASME Solar Energy Division and Advanced Energy Systems
   Division
CY JUN 27-29, 2007
CL Long Beach, CA
SP ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div
DE amorphous semiconductors; building integrated photovoltaics; copper
   compounds; elemental semiconductors; indium compounds; modules; polymer
   blends; power measurement; semiconductor device measurement; silicon;
   solar cells; ternary semiconductors
ID PANELS
AB To accurately predict the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules computer simulation models are essential. Without such models, potential purchasers of photovoltaic systems have insufficient information to judge the relative merits and cost effectiveness of photovoltaic systems. The purpose of this paper is to compare the predictions of a simulation model, developed by Sandia National Laboratories, to measurements from photovoltaic modules installed in a vertical wall facade in Gaithersburg, MD. The photovoltaic modules were fabricated using monocrystalline, polycrystalline, tandem-junction amorphous, and copper-indium diselenide cells. Polycrystalline modules were constructed using three different glazing materials: 6 mm low-iron glass, 0.05 mm ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and 0.05 mm polyvinylidene fluoride. In order to only assess the simulation model's ability to predict photovoltaic module performance, measured solar radiation data in the plane of the modules is initially used. Additional comparisons are made using horizontal radiation measurements. The ability of the model to accurately predict the temperature of the photovoltaic cells is investigated by comparing predicted energy production using measured versus predicted photovoltaic cell temperatures. The model was able to predict the measured annual energy production of the photovoltaic modules, with the exception of the tandem-junction amorphous modules, to within 6% using vertical irradiance measurements. The model overpredicted the annual energy production by approximately 14% for the tandem-junction amorphous panels. Using measured horizontal irradiance as input to the simulation model, the agreement between measured and predicted annual energy predictions varied between 1% and 8%, again with the exception of the tandem-junction amorphous silicon modules. The large difference between measured and predicted results for the tandem-junction modules is attributed to performance degradation. Power measurements of the tandem-junction amorphous modules at standard reporting conditions prior to and after exposure revealed a 12% decline. Supplying post exposure module parameters to the model resulted in energy predictions within 5% of measured values.
C1 [Fanney, A. Hunter; Dougherty, Brian P.; Davis, Mark W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fanney, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 12
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 14
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0199-6231
J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME
JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 131
IS 2
AR 021011
DI 10.1115/1.3090826
PG 10
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 433SI
UT WOS:000265225700011
ER

PT J
AU Yang, Z
   Wong-Ng, W
   Kaduk, JA
   Jang, M
   Liu, G
AF Yang, Z.
   Wong-Ng, W.
   Kaduk, J. A.
   Jang, M.
   Liu, G.
TI Phase equilibria and crystal chemistry of the R-Cu-Ti-O systems (R =
   lanthanides and Y)
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE R-Cu-Ti-O (R = lanthanides); Coated conductors; Phase equilibria;
   Crystal chemistry; Reference X-ray powder patterns
ID PEROVSKITE-LIKE COMPOUND; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; BA2YCU3O7-X
   THIN-FILMS; EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; HTS WIRE;
   DEPOSITION; FABRICATION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; REFINEMENT
AB As part of the study of interaction of the Ba(2)RCu(3)O(6+2) (R = lanthanides and Y) superconductor with SrTiO(3) buffer, phase equilibria of the subsystem, R(2)O(3)-TiO(2)-CuO (R = Nd, Y, and Yb), have been investigated in air at 960 degrees C. While the phase relationships of the two phase diagrams with smaller R (Y and Yb) are similar, substantial differences were found in the Nd(2)O(3)-TiO(2)-CuO system, partly due to different phase formation in the binary R(2)O(3)-TiO(2) and R(2)O(3)-CuO systems. R(2)CuTiO(6) and R(2)Cu(9)Ti(12)O(36) were the only ternary phases established in all the three diagrams. R(2)Cu(9)Ti(12)O(36) belongs to the perovskite-related [AC(3)](B(4))O(12) family which is cubic Im3. Depending on the size of R(3+), R(2)CuTiO(6) crystallizes in two crystal systems: Pnma (R = La-Gd), and P6(3)cm (R = Dy-Lu). The structure and crystal chemistry of the Pnma series of R(2)CuTiO(6) (R = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) are discussed in detail in this paper. Patterns for selected members of R(2)CuTiO(6) have also been prepared and submitted for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Liu, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Yang, Z.] Yunnan Normal Univ, Kunming 650092, Peoples R China.
   [Kaduk, J. A.] INEOS Technol, Naperville, IL 60563 USA.
   [Jang, M.] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120740, South Korea.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov
FU US Department of Energy; International Centre for diffraction Data
FX The authors acknowledge the partial financial support from the US
   Department of Energy and also from International Centre for diffraction
   Data. Mr. N. Swanson is thanked for his graphical assistance.
NR 45
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 182
IS 5
BP 1142
EP 1148
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.11.010
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 443ET
UT WOS:000265893700024
ER

PT J
AU Parrish, CE
   Nowak, RD
AF Parrish, Christopher E.
   Nowak, Robert D.
TI Improved Approach to LIDAR Airport Obstruction Surveying Using
   Full-Waveform Data
SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER; SMALL-FOOTPRINT; DECOMPOSITION
AB Over the past decade, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Geodetic Survey, in collaboration with multiple organizations, has conducted research into airport obstruction surveying using airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR). What was initially envisioned as a relatively straightforward demonstration of the utility of this emerging remote sensing technology for airport surveys was quickly shown to be a challenging undertaking fraught with both technical and practical issues. We provide a brief history of previous work in LIDAR airport obstruction surveying, including a discussion of both past achievements and previously unsolved problems. We then present a new processing workflow, specifically designed to overcome the remaining problems. A key facet of our approach is the use of a new LIDAR waveform deconvolution and georeferencing strategy that produces very dense, detailed point clouds in which the vertical structures of objects are well characterized. Additional processing steps have been carefully selected and ordered based on the objectives of meeting Federal Aviation Administration requirements and maximizing efficiency. Tests conducted using LIDAR waveform data for two project sites demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.
C1 [Parrish, Christopher E.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Nowak, Robert D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Parrish, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM chris.parrish@noaa.gov
RI Rogers, King/G-5482-2010
NR 37
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 6
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9453
J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE
JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 135
IS 2
BP 72
EP 82
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2009)135:2(72)
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 433ZA
UT WOS:000265243100005
ER

PT J
AU Quinn, GD
   Sparenberg, BT
   Koshy, P
   Ives, LK
   Jahanmir, S
   Arola, DD
AF Quinn, George D.
   Sparenberg, Brian T.
   Koshy, Philip
   Ives, Lewis K.
   Jahanmir, Said
   Arola, Dwayne D.
TI Flexural Strength of Ceramic and Glass Rods
SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION
LA English
DT Article
DE ASTM C-1684; ceramics; cradles; glass; flexural strength; three-point
   loading; four-point loading; brittle materials; standard; rods;
   cylindrical specimens; errors; silicon nitride; strain gage; Weibull
   statistics; wedging error; concentrated load error; friction error;
   large deflection; contact cracks; initial curvature error; eccentric
   loading error; wrong span error; poor articulation; contact point
   tangency shift error
ID IN-GROUND CERAMICS; BRITTLE MATERIALS; BEND TESTS; FRACTURE; BEAMS
AB Flexural testing is the most common method used to measure the uniaxial tensile strength of ceramics and glasses. Although standard test methods have been developed for rectangular specimens, cylindrical rod specimens may be preferred in many cases. This paper summarizes how, rods have been tested in the past, identifies key experimental errors and remedies, and serves as the foundation for a new standard test method for ceramics and glasses.
C1 [Quinn, George D.; Ives, Lewis K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Sparenberg, Brian T.; Arola, Dwayne D.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Transportation Technologies; Heavy
   Vehicle Propulsion Systems Materials Program [DE-AC05-840R21400]
FX Partial support for this project came from the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies, Heavy Vehicle Propulsion
   Systems Materials Program Under contract DE-AC05-840R21400 with Martin
   Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. The authors also thank the members of the
   NIST Ceramic Machining Consortium in the 1990s for their support of this
   project.
NR 52
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0090-3973
J9 J TEST EVAL
JI J. Test. Eval.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 37
IS 3
BP 222
EP 244
PG 23
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 443HM
UT WOS:000265900800004
ER

PT J
AU Hill, AA
   Feingold, G
   Jiang, HL
AF Hill, Adrian A.
   Feingold, Graham
   Jiang, Hongli
TI The Influence of Entrainment and Mixing Assumption on Aerosol-Cloud
   Interactions in Marine Stratocumulus
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; TOPPED MIXED LAYERS;
   STRATIFORM CLOUDS; NONPRECIPITATING STRATOCUMULUS; CUMULUS CONVECTION;
   DRIVEN ENTRAINMENT; NUMERICAL-MODELS; DROPLET SPECTRA; DIURNAL CYCLE
AB This study uses large-eddy simulation with bin microphysics to investigate the influence of entrainment and mixing on aerosol-cloud interactions in the context of idealized, nocturnal, nondrizzling marine stratocumulus (Sc). Of particular interest are (i) an evaporation-entrainment effect and a sedimentation-entrainment effect that result from increasing aerosol concentrations and (ii) the nature of mixing between clear and cloudy air, where homogeneous and extreme inhomogeneous mixing represent the bounding mixing types. Simulations are performed at low resolution (Delta z = 20 m; Delta x, y = 40 m) and high resolution (Delta z = 10 m; Delta x, y = 20 m). It is demonstrated that an increase in aerosol from clean conditions (100 cm(-3)) to polluted conditions (1000 cm(-3)) produces both an evaporation-entrainment and a sedimentation-entrainment effect, which couple to cause about a 10% decrease in liquid water path (LWP) when all warm microphysical processes are included. These dynamical effects are insensitive to both the resolutions tested and the mixing assumption. Regardless of resolution, assuming extreme inhomogeneous rather than homogeneous mixing results in a small reduction in cloud-averaged drop number concentration, a small increase in cloud drop effective radius, and; 1% decrease in cloud optical depth. For the case presented, these small changes play a negligible role when compared to the impact of increasing aerosol and the associated entrainment effects. Finally, it is demonstrated that although increasing resolution causes an increase in LWP and number concentration, the relative sensitivity of cloud optical depth to changes in aerosol is unaffected by resolution.
C1 [Hill, Adrian A.; Feingold, Graham; Jiang, Hongli] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Jiang, Hongli] Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Hill, AA (reprint author), Met Off, Fitzroy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
EM adrian.hill@metoffice.gov.uk
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD
   Publications/B-2789-2015
NR 48
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 5
BP 1450
EP 1464
DI 10.1175/2008JAS2909.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 452KI
UT WOS:000266538500020
ER

PT J
AU Lehman, SY
   Roshko, A
   Mirin, RP
   Bertness, KA
   Harvey, TE
   Cobry, KD
AF Lehman, S. Y.
   Roshko, A.
   Mirin, R. P.
   Bertness, K. A.
   Harvey, T. E.
   Cobry, K. D.
TI Topography of epitaxial GaAs surfaces for growth
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article
DE ageing; atomic force microscopy; buffer layers; etching; gallium
   arsenide; III-V semiconductors; molecular beam epitaxial growth;
   semiconductor growth; surface roughness
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY;
   MIGRATION-ENHANCED EPITAXY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; GAAS(001)
   HOMOEPITAXY; UNSTABLE GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; HYDROGEN; DESORPTION; ALGAAS
AB The topography and surface roughness of (100) GaAs substrates and buffers after different preparation procedures were determined from atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. In order to characterize the topography over a wide range of length scales, multiple large 5x5 mu m(2) AFM scans were acquired for each sample. These scans were analyzed both by histogramming the distribution of pixel heights and by finding the rms roughness at length scales from 10 nm to 5 mu m using a tiling analysis. The influence of substrate aging and chemical etching on buffers grown by molecular beam epitaxy was studied, as was the effect of different buffer growth procedures. Immediately after thermal desorption of the surface oxide, all wafers were extremely rough, as expected, with wafers etched in HCl:H(2)0 (1:1) somewhat smoother than untreated epiready wafers, while wafers etched in H(2)O(2):NH(4)OH:H(2)O (3:1:10) were rougher. After as little as 100 nm of buffer growth, however, there was no significant difference in roughness of etched or as-received substrates, and all samples were quite smooth with a rms roughness around 0.27 nm. The buffer growth conditions were found to significantly affect surface roughness. Interrupting the supply of Ga at the start of the growth enhanced mounding on the wafer surface, while postgrowth annealing at the growth temperature reduced the surface roughness and changed the characteristic topography of the surface.
C1 [Lehman, S. Y.] Coll Wooster, Dept Phys, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
   [Roshko, A.; Mirin, R. P.; Bertness, K. A.; Harvey, T. E.; Cobry, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lehman, SY (reprint author), Coll Wooster, Dept Phys, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
EM slehman@wooster.edu; roshko@boulder.nist.gov
RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; 
OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655; Lehman, Susan/0000-0003-4735-1417
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 18
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 27
IS 3
BP 1072
EP 1079
DI 10.1116/1.3119684
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 451VZ
UT WOS:000266500300015
ER

PT J
AU Hart, DR
AF Hart, Deborah R.
TI Improving Utilization of the Atlantic Sea Scallop Resource: An Analysis
   of Rotational Management of Fishing Grounds: Comment
SO LAND ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS
AB Valderrama and Anderson (2007) presented an analysis of rotational fishing for sea scallops which unrealistically assumed high fixed price premiums for large sea scallops independent of their supply, and atypical initial conditions. These assumptions distort their results, leading them to suggest greater benefits for rotation than actually exist. This analysis was then used to criticize one aspect of current U.S. sea scallop management policy. However, their discussion ignores bycatch and possible habitat damage form scallop fishing. Including bycatch as external costs reduces the optimal fishing effort level from that which would otherwise he calculated. Finally a number of practical difficulties in applying formal optimization to fishery management are discussed. (JEL Q22)
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Hart, DR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU UNIV WISCONSIN
PI MADISON
PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA
SN 0023-7639
J9 LAND ECON
JI Land Econ.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 85
IS 2
BP 378
EP 382
PG 5
WC Economics; Environmental Studies
SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 432SK
UT WOS:000265154200011
ER

PT J
AU Rakher, MT
AF Rakher, Matthew T.
TI Quantum dots may hold the key to secure quantum cryptography
SO LASER FOCUS WORLD
LA English
DT Article
AB Quantum-dot-based single-photon sources are fast and efficient and remain at the forefront of candidates for use in quantum information schemes.
C1 NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rakher, MT (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mra-kher@nist.gov
RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011
OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PENNWELL PUBL CO
PI NASHUA
PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA
SN 1043-8092
J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD
JI Laser Focus World
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 45
IS 5
BP 63
EP +
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 447YT
UT WOS:000266228700020
ER

PT J
AU Ruttenberg, KC
   Ogawa, NO
   Tamburini, F
   Briggs, RA
   Colasacco, ND
   Joyce, E
AF Ruttenberg, K. C.
   Ogawa, N. O.
   Tamburini, F.
   Briggs, R. A.
   Colasacco, N. D.
   Joyce, E.
TI Improved, high-throughput approach for phosphorus speciation in natural
   sediments via the SEDEX sequential extraction method
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTHIGENIC APATITE FORMATION; IRON-BOUND PHOSPHORUS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS;
   REASSESSMENT; ESTUARY; RIVER
AB A novel approach for implementation of sequential extraction methods using a multisample, solid-phase extraction manifold (SPExMan) successfully addresses several chronic problems typical of sequential extraction methods, including (1) sample loss during supernatant removal and (2) the time-and work-intensive nature of sequential extraction protocols. Supernatant is removed from SPExMan reaction vessels through an integrated filter base, eliminating the possibility of sample loss during supernatant collection. Vacuum manifold filtration makes it possible to filter multiple samples simultaneously. These two features of the design result in minimal residual volume between steps, eliminating the need for wash steps in between principle extraction steps and for residual volume correction. The SPExMan system was evaluated for the SEDEX method of quantifying different forms of phosphorus in sediments. Results from three different sediment samples analyzed via the classical centrifuge/syringe filtration SEDEX method and the SPExMan-SEDEX method agree well, indicating that the SPExMan design is robust for performance of sequential extraction methods, and that SPExMan-SEDEX data can be directly compared with classical SEDEX data. Overall, sample throughput is greatly increased by the SPExMan approach. Materials chosen for the SPExMan system are compatible with a wide range of chemical extractants, including corrosives and organic solvents.
C1 [Ruttenberg, K. C.; Ogawa, N. O.; Tamburini, F.; Colasacco, N. D.; Joyce, E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Ruttenberg, K. C.; Briggs, R. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Ruttenberg, K. C.; Briggs, R. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Ogawa, N. O.] JAMSTEC, IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
   [Tamburini, F.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, D AGRL, Inst Plant Sci, Lindau, Switzerland.
   [Colasacco, N. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Honolulu, HI USA.
   [Joyce, E.] Marine Inst, Oranmore, County Galway, Ireland.
RP Ruttenberg, KC (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM kcr@soest.hawaii.edu
FU NSF-EAR [80656500]; NSFOCE [81655300]; NSF-OCE [0550851]; Japan
   Postdoctoral Fellowship; Swiss NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship; National
   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [R/EL-42]; University of Hawaii
   Sea Grant College Program; SOEST; NOAA Office of Sea Grant
   [NA05OAR4171048]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Mark St. Pierre, Steve Manganini, Ken
   Doherty, and Terry Hammar at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for
   assistance with design ideas and implementation; Zenshiro Heshiki and
   Mike Cole at UH-Manoa for final engineering drawings; and Marcie
   Grabowski for photographs. Research support included NSF-EAR# 80656500,
   NSFOCE#81655300, and NSF-OCE# 0550851 to K. C. R., N. D. C., and E. J.
   M.; Japan Postdoctoral Fellowship to N. O. O.; and Swiss NSF
   Postdoctoral Fellowship to F. T. R. A. B was supported in part by a
   grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration, project R/EL-42, which is sponsored by the University of
   Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant
   NA05OAR4171048 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce.
   The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not
   necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies.
   UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-08-18. This is SOEST contribution # 7609.
NR 16
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 7
U2 40
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 1541-5856
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH
JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 7
BP 319
EP 333
PG 15
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 458IO
UT WOS:000267011000001
ER

PT J
AU Pierson, JJ
   Frost, BW
   Thoreson, D
   Leising, AW
   Postel, JR
   Nuwer, M
AF Pierson, James J.
   Frost, Bruce W.
   Thoreson, David
   Leising, Andrew W.
   Postel, James R.
   Nuwer, Mikelle
TI Trapping migrating zooplankton
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE;
   POPULATION-DYNAMICS; OPTIMIZATION MODEL; HABITAT SELECTION; MARINE
   COPEPOD; PREDATION RISK; SCOTIAN SHELF; LIFE-HISTORY
AB We have developed a method to determine if individual zooplankton make short-duration migrations, on the order of meters to tens of meters in vertical extent, between food-rich surface water and deeper, food-poor water. To do this, we developed a zooplankton trapping system, consisting of paired traps to catch zooplankton migrating downward and an inverted ring net to catch zooplankton migrating upward. These two trap systems were deployed simultaneously with the openings at the same depth, to catch zooplankton crossing a particular depth horizon, and samples were immediately sorted to make morphological and physiological measurements of individuals. Initial tests showed that there were differences in the ability to capture upward-and downward-migrating marine zooplankton. In addition, physiological (gut contents) and morphological (prosome length) characteristics of individual copepods differed between those moving in opposite directions. These data support the hypothesis that copepods make repeated nighttime forays between deeper, food-poor water and the near-surface, food-rich waters. This is part of an ongoing study on the variability of this behavior in different conditions and over seasonal cycles, but the method may be applicable to other pelagic environments, to explore various ecological questions.
C1 [Pierson, James J.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Environm Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA.
   [Frost, Bruce W.; Thoreson, David; Postel, James R.; Nuwer, Mikelle] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Leising, Andrew W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA.
RP Pierson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Environm Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA.
EM jpierson@hpl.umces.edu
RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008
OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0525943]
FX The development and testing of these traps could not have been done
   without the assistance of Ray McQuin and Nikki Hix of the R/V Clifford
   A. Barnes. Statistical assistance was provided by Dr. Dave Kimmel. This
   manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of three anonymous
   reviewers. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science
   Foundation (OCE-0525943). This paper is contribution 4279 from the
   University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science.
NR 41
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 1541-5856
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH
JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 7
BP 334
EP 346
PG 13
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 458IO
UT WOS:000267011000002
ER

PT J
AU Jefferson, TA
   Fertl, D
   Bolanos-Jimenez, J
   Zerbini, AN
AF Jefferson, Thomas A.
   Fertl, Dagmar
   Bolanos-Jimenez, Jaime
   Zerbini, Alexandre N.
TI Distribution of common dolphins (Delphinus spp.) in the western Atlantic
   Ocean: a critical re-examination
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; LESSER ANTILLEAN ISLAND;
   CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; STENELLA-CLYMENE; SMALLER
   CETACEA; ST-VINCENT; WATERS; HABITAT
AB Due to indications that misidentification (largely confusion among dolphins of the genera Delphinus and Stenella) in the past had led to erroneous assumptions of distribution of the two species of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis and D. capensis) in the western Atlantic Ocean, we conducted a critical re-examination of records of the genus Delphinus from this region. We compiled 460 'plottable' records, required support for confirmation of genus and species identifications, and found many records lacking (and some clearly misidentified). When we plotted only the valid records (n = 364), we found evidence of populations in only three areas, and apparent absence throughout much of the tropical/subtropical regions. Off the east coast of the US and Canada, D. delphis is found from the Georgia/South Carolina border (32A degrees N) north to about 47-50A degrees N off Newfoundland. Since the 1960s, they have apparently been absent from Florida waters. There is no evidence that dolphins of the genus occur in the Gulf of Mexico. Reports of common dolphins from most of the Caribbean Basin are also rejected, and the only place in that region where they are confirmed to occur is off central-eastern Venezuela (a coastal D. capensis population). Off eastern South America, common dolphins appear to be restricted to south of 20A degrees S. There is a coastal long-beaked population found in the South Brazil Bight, and one or more short-beaked populations south and offshore of this (ranging south to at least northern Argentina). The results are very different from commonly-accepted patterns of distribution for the genus in the Atlantic. Most areas of distribution coincide with moderate to strong upwelling and common dolphins appear to avoid warm, tropical waters. This study shows that great care must be taken in identification of similar-appearing long-beaked delphinids, and that uncritical acceptance of records at face value can lead to incorrect assumptions about the ranges of the species involved.
C1 [Jefferson, Thomas A.] NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Fertl, Dagmar] Ziphius EcoServ, Plano, TX 75025 USA.
   [Bolanos-Jimenez, Jaime] Soc Ecol Venezolana Vida Marina Sea Vida, Cagua 2122, Estado Aragua, Venezuela.
   [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Jefferson, TA (reprint author), NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, 3333 Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM sclymene@aol.com
RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012
NR 146
TC 18
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0025-3162
EI 1432-1793
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 156
IS 6
BP 1109
EP 1124
DI 10.1007/s00227-009-1152-y
PG 16
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 428TU
UT WOS:000264873800002
ER

PT J
AU Freshwater, DW
   Hines, A
   Parham, S
   Wilbur, A
   Sabaoun, M
   Woodhead, J
   Akins, L
   Purdy, B
   Whitfield, PE
   Paris, CB
AF Freshwater, D. Wilson
   Hines, Andrew
   Parham, Seth
   Wilbur, Ami
   Sabaoun, Michelle
   Woodhead, Jennifer
   Akins, Lad
   Purdy, Bruce
   Whitfield, Paula E.
   Paris, Claire B.
TI Mitochondrial control region sequence analyses indicate dispersal from
   the US East Coast as the source of the invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish
   Pterois volitans in the Bahamas
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; SURFACE DRIFTERS; ATLANTIC COAST; NORTH-ATLANTIC;
   SCORPAENIDAE; FISHES; DNA; CONNECTIVITY; PHYLOGENY; COMPLEX
AB Lionfish are popular aquarium fish from the Indo-Pacific that have invaded the western Atlantic. Two species, Pterois volitans and P. miles, were well established along the United States east coast before the first lionfish were reported from the Bahamas in 2004, where they quickly dispersed throughout the archipelago by 2007. The source of the Bahamian lionfish invasion has been in question because of the hypothesized low connectivity between Florida and Bahamas reef species as well as the temporal lag in their arrival in the Bahamas. Mitochondrial control region haplotypes (680 bp) were determined and analyzed for lionfish specimens from the Bahamas, North Carolina, and two sites within their native range (Indonesia and the Philippines). Exact tests, pairwise F (st) and AMOVA analyses all showed no significant differentiation between the Bahamas and North Carolina specimens. The similarity between the Bahamas and North Carolina lionfish was also reflected in a minimum spanning network and neighbor-joining distance tree generated from the data. Sequence analyses also revealed the presence of only Pterois volitans, as no P. miles were detected in the Bahamian sample. These results indicate that the source of the Bahamian lionfish is egg and larval dispersal from the United States east coast population, and support previous models of reef fish dispersal that suggest a low level of connectivity between the Bahamas and east coast of Florida.
C1 [Freshwater, D. Wilson; Hines, Andrew; Parham, Seth; Wilbur, Ami] Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
   [Sabaoun, Michelle; Woodhead, Jennifer] Brunswick Community Coll, Supply, NC 28462 USA.
   [Akins, Lad] Reef Environm Educ Fdn, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA.
   [Purdy, Bruce] Blackbeards Cruises, Davie, FL 33314 USA.
   [Whitfield, Paula E.] NOAA Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   [Paris, Claire B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Freshwater, DW (reprint author), Ctr Marine Sci, 5600 Marvin Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
EM freshwaterw@uncw.edu
OI Paris, Claire/0000-0002-0637-1334
FU NSF ROA [0618453]; UNCW's National Undersea Research Center; NOAA; REEF
   and Blackbeard's Cruises
FX Participation in this study by UNCW students and Brunswick Community
   College faculty was supported by NSF ROA supplement award to MRI grant #
   0618453. Additional funding was provided by NOAA's Invasive Species
   Program. Collection of North Carolina specimens was supported by UNCW's
   National Undersea Research Center and NOAA. Bahamas specimens were
   collected with the support of REEF and Blackbeard's Cruises. The
   excellent help provided by the many NURC, NOAA and REEF cruise divers is
   greatly appreciated and we wish to especially thank James Morris for his
   many eVorts to facilitate our Bahamas studies. The experiments in this
   study complied with the current laws of the Bahamas and United States of
   America, and all Bahamian lionWsh were collected under research permit
   MAF/FIS/12: MAF/FIS/17 to James Morris.
NR 39
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 50
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 156
IS 6
BP 1213
EP 1221
DI 10.1007/s00227-009-1163-8
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 428TU
UT WOS:000264873800011
ER

PT J
AU Springman, KR
   Short, J
   Rice, SD
AF Springman, K. R.
   Short, J.
   Rice, S. D.
TI Comments on the misuse of SPMDs in recent articles by Springman et al.
   (2008a,b) and Short et al. (2008) Response
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Letter
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES;
   SITE-SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS; HYDROCARBON SOURCES; ALASKA; INDUCTION;
   SPILL; FISH; CYTOCHROME-P4501A
C1 [Springman, K. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Littleriver, CA 95456 USA.
   [Short, J.; Rice, S. D.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Springman, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, POB 315, Littleriver, CA 95456 USA.
EM krspringman@gmail.com
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 67
IS 4-5
BP 259
EP 261
DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.03.004
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA 457DA
UT WOS:000266904800011
ER

PT J
AU Farooqui, SA
   Doiron, T
   Sahay, C
AF Farooqui, Sami A.
   Doiron, Ted
   Sahay, Chittaranjan
TI Uncertainty analysis of cylindricity measurements using bootstrap method
SO MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Cylindricity; Uncertainty; Roundness measurements; Bootstrap method
AB This paper describes a method for performing uncertainty analysis of cylindricity measurements Using bootstrap techniques. Errors in the Talyrond roundness measuring machine Were Studied and a variation was assigned to the roundness (r,0) as well as the centerline Position of the z-axis. The roundness data was dominated by air error that we characterized by a normal distribution with some standard deviation derived front repeated traces of the chosen artifact. The z-axis position error was also studied to provide a suitable distribution for these errors, A dataset was taken on the test artifact. Bootstrap datasets Were produced from the original dataset and were analyzed Using MATLAB. Uncertainty interval was determined front the cylindricity values obtained from the software. The uncertainty for the system was found to be +/- 0.092 mu m with 95% confidence level. Effects of noise and straightness error on cylindricity value Were also studied. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Farooqui, Sami A.] Agilent Technol, Santa Rosa Metrol Serv, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA.
   [Doiron, Ted] NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Sahay, Chittaranjan] Univ Hartford, Dept Mech Engn, Hartford, CT 06117 USA.
RP Farooqui, SA (reprint author), Agilent Technol, Santa Rosa Metrol Serv, 1400 Fountaingrove Pkwy Stop 4LSG, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA.
EM sami@agilent.com
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX This research was supported by National Institute of Standards and
   Technology. We thank Dr. Jack Stone, John Stoup and Eric Stanfield of
   NIST for their assistance in the research.
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0263-2241
J9 MEASUREMENT
JI Measurement
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 42
IS 4
BP 524
EP 531
DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2008.09.008
PG 8
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 430CW
UT WOS:000264967400005
ER

PT J
AU Waples, RS
   Faulkner, JR
AF Waples, Robin S.
   Faulkner, James R.
TI Modelling evolutionary processes in small populations: not as ideal as
   you think
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bias; binomial sampling; computer simulations; effective population
   size; genetic drift; precision; pseudoreplication; variance in
   reproductive success
ID APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SELECTIVE
   NEUTRALITY; ALLELE FREQUENCY; MIGRATION RATES; GENE FREQUENCY; F-ST;
   SIZE; PROGRAM; BIAS
AB Evolutionary processes are routinely modelled using 'ideal' Wright-Fisher populations of constant size N in which each individual has an equal expectation of reproductive success. In a hypothetical ideal population, variance in reproductive success (V(k)) is binomial and effective population size (N(e)) = N. However, in any actual implementation of the Wright Fisher model (e. g., in a computer), V(k) is a random variable and its realized value in any given replicate generation (V(k)*) only rarely equals the binomial variance. Realized effective size (N(e)*) thus also varies randomly in modelled ideal populations, and the consequences of this have not been adequately explored in the literature. Analytical and numerical results show that random variation V(k)* and N(e)* can seriously distort analyses that evaluate precision or otherwise depend on the assumption that N(e)* is constant. We derive analytical expressions for Var(V(k)) [4(2N-1)(N-1)/N(3)] and Var(N(e)) [N(N-1)/(2N-1) approximate to N/2] in modelled ideal populations and show that, for a genetic metric G = f(N(e)), Var((G) over cap) has two components: Var(Gene) (due to variance across replicate samples of genes, given a specific N(e)*) and Var(Demo) (due to variance N(e)*). Var((G) over cap) is higher than it would be with constant Ne = N, as implicitly assumed by many standard models. We illustrate this with empirical examples based on F (standardized variance of allele frequency) and r(2) (a measure of linkage disequilibrium). Results demonstrate that in computer models that track multilocus genotypes, methods of replication and data analysis can strongly affect consequences of variation in N(e)*. These effects are more important when sampling error is small (large numbers of individuals, loci and alleles) and with relatively small populations (frequently modelled by those interested in conservation).
C1 [Waples, Robin S.; Faulkner, James R.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM robin.waples@noaa.gov
RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016
NR 37
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 9
BP 1834
EP 1847
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04157.x
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 433FJ
UT WOS:000265189400005
PM 19344355
ER

PT J
AU Rollins, MF
   Vu, NV
   Spies, IB
   Kalinowski, ST
AF Rollins, Maryclare F.
   Vu, Ninh V.
   Spies, Ingrid B.
   Kalinowski, Steven T.
TI Twelve microsatellite loci for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake trout; microsatellite; primer; Salvelinus namaycush
ID CUTTHROAT TROUT
AB We describe 12 microsatellite loci isolated from lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The number of alleles at these loci ranged from two to 11 with an average of 5.3 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.29 to 0.76, with an average of 0.68. Accidental (or illegal) introductions of lake trout into watersheds are decimating native trout populations in the northern Rocky Mountains, and these loci will be useful for identifying the source of these introductions and for estimating the number of founding individuals.
C1 [Rollins, Maryclare F.; Vu, Ninh V.; Kalinowski, Steven T.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Spies, Ingrid B.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Kalinowski, ST (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM skalinowski@montana.edu
FU Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks; National Science Foundation [DEB
   071756]
FX This work was primarily funded by Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, with
   some support provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB 071756).
   We thank Clint Muhlfeld (US Geological Survey, Flathead, MT) and Ben Cox
   (Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Bozeman, MT) for providing
   tissue samples. Lastly, we thank Bob Sharrock (Montana State University,
   Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Bozeman, MT) for providing facilities
   and equipment needed to perform the microsatellite enrichment.
NR 10
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1755-098X
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 9
IS 3
BP 871
EP 873
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02403.x
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 443GC
UT WOS:000265897200049
PM 21564773
ER

PT J
AU Roden, SE
   Dutton, PH
   Morin, PA
AF Roden, Suzanne E.
   Dutton, Peter H.
   Morin, Phillip A.
TI Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphism markers for the green
   sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE allele-specific amplification; Amplifluor; Chelonia mydas; green turtle;
   single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP
AB We present data on 29 new single nucleotide polymorphism assays for the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas. DNA extracts from 39 green turtles were used for two methods of single nucleotide polymorphism discovery. The first approach employed an amplified fragment length polymorphism technique. The second technique screened a microsatellite library. Allele-specific amplification assays were developed for high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and tested on two Pacific C. mydas nesting populations. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.95 for a Hawaiian population and from 0 to 0.85 for a Galapagos population. Each of the populations had one locus out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, SSCM2b and SSCM5 for Hawaii and Galapagos, respectively. No loci showed significant genotypic linkage disequilibrium across an expanded set of four Pacific nesting populations. However, two loci, SSCM4 and SSCM10b showed linkage disequilibrium across three populations indicating possible association.
C1 [Roden, Suzanne E.; Dutton, Peter H.; Morin, Phillip A.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   [Roden, Suzanne E.] Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA.
RP Roden, SE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM suzanne.roden@noaa.gov
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1755-098X
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 9
IS 3
BP 1055
EP 1060
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02573.x
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 443GC
UT WOS:000265897200114
PM 21564838
ER

PT J
AU Weickmann, K
   Berry, E
AF Weickmann, Klaus
   Berry, Edward
TI The Tropical Madden-Julian Oscillation and the Global Wind Oscillation
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; EXTRATROPICAL 40-DAY OSCILLATION;
   GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MEAN FLOW ANOMALIES; MOUNTAIN TORQUES;
   POLEWARD PROPAGATION; LENGTH; VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE; TELECONNECTIONS
AB The global wind oscillation (GWO) is a subseasonal phenomenon encompassing the tropical Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and midlatitude processes like meridional momentum transports and mountain torques. A phase space is defined for the GWO following the approach of Wheeler and Hendon for the MJO. In contrast to the oscillatory behavior of the MJO, two red noise processes define the GWO. The red noise spectra have variance at periods that bracket 30-60 or 30-80 days, which are bands used to define the MJO. The correlation between the MJO and GWO is; 0.5 and cross spectra show well-defined, coherent phase relations in similar frequency bands. However, considerable independent variance exists in the GWO. A basic dynamical distinction occurs in the direction of midlatitude wave energy dispersion, being predominantly meridional during a MJO and zonal during the GWO. This is primarily a winter season feature centered over the Pacific Ocean. A case study during April-May 2007 focuses on the GWO and two; 30-day duration orbits with extreme anomalies in GWO phase space. The MJO phase space projections for the same time were irregular and, it is argued, partially driven by mountain torques and meridional transports. The case study reveals that multiple physical processes and time scales act to create slowly evolving planetary-scale circulation and tropical convection anomalies.
C1 [Weickmann, Klaus] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Berry, Edward] NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Dodge City, KS USA.
RP Weickmann, K (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM klaus.weickmann@noaa.gov
FU MIC; NOAA/NWS/WFOin Dodge City, Kansas
FX Edward Berry expresses his appreciation to Larry J. Ruthi, MIC,
   NOAA/NWS/WFOin Dodge City, Kansas, for his support of the project.
   Encouragement and support from Robin Webb and Randy Dole are also
   appreciated.
NR 34
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 137
IS 5
BP 1601
EP 1614
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2686.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 451UC
UT WOS:000266495000007
ER

PT J
AU Cziczo, DJ
   Stetzer, O
   Worringen, A
   Ebert, M
   Weinbruch, S
   Kamphus, M
   Gallavardin, SJ
   Curtius, J
   Borrmann, S
   Froyd, KD
   Mertes, S
   Mohler, O
   Lohmann, U
AF Cziczo, Daniel J.
   Stetzer, Olaf
   Worringen, Annette
   Ebert, Martin
   Weinbruch, Stephan
   Kamphus, Michael
   Gallavardin, Stephane J.
   Curtius, Joachim
   Borrmann, Stephan
   Froyd, Karl D.
   Mertes, Stephan
   Moehler, Ottmar
   Lohmann, Ulrike
TI Inadvertent climate modification due to anthropogenic lead
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE NUCLEATION; MODEL ECHAM5-HAM; MINERAL DUST; PARTICLES; NUCLEI;
   CHAMBER; CLOUDS; IODINE; AIDA
AB Aerosol particles can interact with water vapour in the atmosphere, facilitating the condensation of water and the formation of clouds. At temperatures below 273 K, a fraction of atmospheric particles act as sites for ice-crystal formation. Atmospheric ice crystals-which are incorporated into clouds that cover more than a third of the globe(1)-are thought to initiate most of the terrestrial precipitation(2). Before the switch to unleaded fuel last century, the atmosphere contained substantial quantities of particulate lead; whether this influenced ice-crystal formation is not clear. Here, we combine field observations of ice-crystal residues with laboratory measurements of artificial clouds, to show that anthropogenic lead-containing particles are among the most efficient ice-forming substances commonly found in the atmosphere(3). Using a global climate model, we estimate that up to 0.8 Wm(-2) more long-wave radiation is emitted when 100% of ice-forming particles contain lead, compared with when no particles contain lead. We suggest that post-industrial emissions of particulate lead may have offset a proportion of the warming attributed to greenhouse gases.
C1 [Cziczo, Daniel J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
   [Cziczo, Daniel J.; Stetzer, Olaf; Gallavardin, Stephane J.; Lohmann, Ulrike] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Worringen, Annette; Ebert, Martin; Weinbruch, Stephan] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Appl Geosci, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
   [Kamphus, Michael; Gallavardin, Stephane J.; Curtius, Joachim; Borrmann, Stephan] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
   [Curtius, Joachim] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
   [Borrmann, Stephan] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
   [Froyd, Karl D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Mertes, Stephan] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
   [Moehler, Ottmar] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM daniel.cziczo@pnl.gov
RI Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011; Froyd,
   Karl/H-6607-2013; Weinbruch, Stephan/E-6141-2014; Mohler,
   Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Manager, CSD
   Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630; Lohmann,
   Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; 
FU High Altitude Research Foundation Gomergrat; Atmospheric Composition
   Change the European Network for Excellence; German Research Foundation
FX We thank P. J. DeMott, D. M. Murphy and D. S. Thomson for their
   assistance with the measurements. We also acknowledge the effort of all
   of the participants of the INSPECT and CLACE field studies, the support
   of the High Altitude Research Foundation Gomergrat and Jungfraujoch and
   the experimental group at AIDA. This research was supported by the
   Atmospheric Composition Change the European Network for Excellence, ETH
   Zurich, the German Research Foundation and Pacific Northwest National
   Laboratory directed research funding.
NR 30
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 30
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 2
IS 5
BP 333
EP 336
DI 10.1038/NGEO499
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 452MA
UT WOS:000266542900012
ER

PT J
AU Tunnicliffe, V
   Davies, KTA
   Butterfield, DA
   Embley, RW
   Rose, JM
   Chadwick, WW
AF Tunnicliffe, Verena
   Davies, Kimberley T. A.
   Butterfield, David A.
   Embley, Robert W.
   Rose, Jonathan M.
   Chadwick, William W., Jr.
TI Survival of mussels in extremely acidic waters on a submarine volcano
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENT; NORTH FIJI BASIN; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; WESTERN
   PACIFIC; MYTILUS-EDULIS; GROWTH; IMPACT; CO2; HYPERCAPNIA; BIVALVIA
AB Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are causing ocean acidification(1,2), compromising the ability of some marine organisms to build and maintain support structures(3) as the equilibrium state of inorganic carbon moves away from calcium carbonate(4). Few marine organisms tolerate conditions where ocean pH falls significantly below today's value of about 8.1 and aragonite and calcite saturation values below 1 (refs 5, 6). Here we report dense clusters of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus brevior in natural conditions of pH values between 5.36 and 7.29 on northwest Eifuku volcano, Mariana arc, where liquid carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide emerge in a hydrothermal setting. We find that both shell thickness and daily growth increments in shells from northwest Eifuku are only about half those recorded from mussels living in water with pH > 7.8. Low pH may therefore also be implicated in metabolic impairment(7). We identify four-decade-old mussels, but suggest that the mussels can survive for so long only if their protective shell covering remains intact: crabs that could expose the underlying calcium carbonate to dissolution are absent from this setting. The mussels' ability to precipitate shells in such low-pH conditions is remarkable. Nevertheless, the vulnerability of molluscs to predators is likely to increase in a future ocean with low pH.
C1 [Tunnicliffe, Verena; Davies, Kimberley T. A.; Rose, Jonathan M.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada.
   [Tunnicliffe, Verena] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
   [Butterfield, David A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Embley, Robert W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
   [Chadwick, William W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Tunnicliffe, V (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, POB 3080, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada.
EM verenat@uvic.ca
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Tunnicliffe, Verena/D-1056-2014; Butterfield,
   David/H-3815-2016
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279
FU NOAA Ocean Exploration Program; NSERC Canada; BMBF [03G0192]
FX We thank the following for help with sample collection: J. Jones, S. K.
   Juniper, C. Stevens and R. Vrijenhoek. M. Leybourne provided some
   shipboard water analyses and G. Yahel designed samplers. The operators
   of the ROVs ROPOS and Jason-II provided field support as did the crews
   of RVs Thompson, Melville and Sonne. We are grateful for operating
   permissions from the Kingdom of Tonga and from New Zealand. In the
   laboratory, we acknowledge the work of S. Merle, K. Roe, N. Buck, D.
   Eerkes-Medrano and C. Rideout. Expeditions were funded through the NOAA
   Ocean Exploration Program, the NOAA Vents Program, NSERC Canada and BMBF
   03G0192 Project MANGO of Germany. Additional funding to V. T. from the
   Canada Research Chairs programme is acknowledged.
NR 27
TC 81
Z9 84
U1 4
U2 57
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 2
IS 5
BP 344
EP 348
DI 10.1038/NGEO500
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 452MA
UT WOS:000266542900015
ER

PT J
AU Prabhu, VM
   Hudson, SD
AF Prabhu, Vivek M.
   Hudson, Steven D.
TI NANOPARTICLE ASSEMBLY DNA provides control
SO NATURE MATERIALS
LA English
DT News Item
ID CRYSTALLIZATION
C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.; Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA.
RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA.
EM vprabhu@nist.gov; steven.hudson@nist.gov
NR 7
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 14
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1476-1122
J9 NAT MATER
JI Nat. Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 8
IS 5
BP 365
EP 366
DI 10.1038/nmat2436
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
   Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 441QH
UT WOS:000265783500008
PM 19387446
ER

PT J
AU Chittaro, PM
   Finley, RJ
   Levin, PS
AF Chittaro, Paul M.
   Finley, Rachel J.
   Levin, Phillip S.
TI Spatial and temporal patterns in the contribution of fish from their
   nursery habitats
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Nursery habitat; Otolith chemistry; English sole; Puget Sound
ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; JUVENILE ENGLISH SOLE; PUGET-SOUND; ELEMENTAL
   COMPOSITION; PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; CHEMICAL SIGNATURES; MARINE
   CONSERVATION; OTOLITHS INDICATE; PAGRUS-AURATUS; WEST-COAST
AB Because anthropogenic influences threaten the degradation of many ecosystems, determining where organisms live during early life-history stages and the extent to which different areas contribute individuals to adult populations is critical for the management and conservation of a species. Working in Puget Sound, Washington State in the United States, and using a common flatfish (English sole, Parophrys vetulus), we sought to establish (using otolith chemistry) which areas contribute age-0 fish to age-1 population(s), the extent to which this pattern was consistent between two years, and whether this spatial pattern of contribution coincides with surveys of age-0 fish and/or the available area of nearshore habitat. Our study indicated completely different spatial patterns of fish nursery use between the two years of sampling. We highlight that the contribution of individuals from nursery areas is not related to density of recently settled English sole or the available area of nearshore habitat (depth < 10 m) in Puget Sound, nor can we draw conclusions based on environmental data (precipitation, water salinity, light transmission, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature). The results of this study highlight (1) the need for assessing the temporal patterns of nursery habitat use, and (2) that, in order to conservatively manage a species and its population(s), it may be necessary to protect several areas that are used intermittently by that species.
C1 [Chittaro, Paul M.; Finley, Rachel J.; Levin, Phillip S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Chittaro, PM (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Paul.Chittaro@noaa.gov
NR 71
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 3
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 160
IS 1
BP 49
EP 61
DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1282-4
PG 13
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 431YK
UT WOS:000265100500006
PM 19214587
ER

PT J
AU Samhouri, JF
   Vance, RR
   Forrester, GE
   Steele, MA
AF Samhouri, Jameal F.
   Vance, Richard R.
   Forrester, Graham E.
   Steele, Mark A.
TI Musical chairs mortality functions: density-dependent deaths caused by
   competition for unguarded refuges
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Refuges; Mortality functions; Coral reef fish; Density dependence;
   Coryphopterus glaucofraenum
ID CORAL-REEF FISH; PREY REFUGES; PREDATION RISK; SPOTTED SALAMANDERS;
   SEAGRASS LANDSCAPE; HABITAT SELECTION; PHASE-DEPENDENCE; TEMPERATE REEF;
   SPINY LOBSTER; SURVIVAL
AB Structural refuges within which prey can escape from predators can be an important limiting resource for the prey. In a manner that resembles the childhood game of musical chairs, many prey species rapidly retreat to shared, unguarded refuges whenever a predator threatens, and only when refuges are relatively abundant do all prey individuals actually escape. The key feature of this process is that the per capita prey mortality rate depends on the ratio of prey individuals to refuges. We introduce a new class of mortality functions with this feature and then demonstrate statistically that they describe field mortality data from a well-studied coral reef fish species, the Caribbean bridled goby Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, substantially better than do several mortality functions of more conventional form.
C1 [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Samhouri, Jameal F.; Vance, Richard R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Forrester, Graham E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
   [Steele, Mark A.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
RP Samhouri, JF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Jameal.Samhouri@noaa.gov
OI Forrester, Graham/0000-0001-5253-773X
FU NSF; AMNH Lerner-Grey Fund; ASIH Raney Fund; IWFA Ryan Kelley Memorial
   Scholarship; UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology;
   NOAA-NURP [CMRC05-PRRV-01-05A, CMRC-01-NRME-01-03C, CMRC-03-NRME-01-04A,
   CMRC-03-NRME-01-05C]; NSF [OCE 0222087]
FX This research benefited greatly from discussions with S. Hamilton, K.
   Holsman, E. Landaw, C. Osenberg, S. Sandin, and W. White. Criticism of
   earlier drafts by M. Mangel, D. DeAngelis, J. Fryxell, Y. Lucero, J.
   Shima, C. Osenberg, and two anonymous reviewers improved the
   presentation. Financial support was provided by an NSF pre-doctoral
   fellowship, and grants from the AMNH Lerner-Grey Fund, the ASIH Raney
   Fund, IWFA Ryan Kelley Memorial Scholarship, Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of
   Research, UC Regents, and the UCLA Department of Ecology and
   Evolutionary Biology to J. F. S., a NOAA-NURP grant to R. R. V. and J.
   F. S. (CMRC05-PRRV-01-05A), and grants from NSF (OCE 0222087) and
   NOAA-NURP (CMRC-01-NRME-01-03C, CMRC-03-NRME-01-04A,
   CMRC-03-NRME-01-05C) to G. E. F., M. A. S., and R. R. V. Views expressed
   herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of
   CMRC/NOAA.
NR 54
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 160
IS 2
BP 257
EP 265
DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1307-z
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 444WI
UT WOS:000266010700006
PM 19263085
ER

PT J
AU Adler, F
   Cossel, KC
   Thorpe, MJ
   Hartl, I
   Fermann, ME
   Ye, J
AF Adler, Florian
   Cossel, Kevin C.
   Thorpe, Michael J.
   Hartl, Ingmar
   Fermann, Martin E.
   Ye, Jun
TI Phase-stabilized, 1.5 W frequency comb at 2.8-4.8 mu m
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; LASER
AB We present a high-power optical-parametric-oscillator (OPO) based frequency comb in the mid-IR wavelength region. The system employs periodically poled lithium niobate and is singly resonant for the signal. It is synchronously pumped by a 10 W femtosecond Yb:fiber laser centered at 1.07 mu m. The idler (signal) wavelength can be continuously tuned from 2.8 to 4.8 mu m (1.76 to 1.37 mu m) with a simultaneous bandwidth as high as 0.3 mu m and a maximum average idler output power of 1.50 W. We also demonstrate the performance of the stabilized comb by recording the heterodyne beat with a narrow-linewidth diode laser. This OPO is an ideal source for frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-IR. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
C1 [Adler, Florian; Cossel, Kevin C.; Thorpe, Michael J.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Adler, Florian; Cossel, Kevin C.; Thorpe, Michael J.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Hartl, Ingmar; Fermann, Martin E.] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Adler, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM fadler@jila.colorado.edu
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011
FU Alexander von Humboldt foundation; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific
   Research (AFOSR); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA);
   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Agilent
FX We thank D. C. Yost, M. J. Martin, and T. R. Schibli for valuable
   assistance. F. Adler acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt
   foundation. This work is funded by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific
   Research (AFOSR), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA),
   the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and Agilent.
NR 16
TC 171
Z9 173
U1 6
U2 54
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 9
BP 1330
EP 1332
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 451MT
UT WOS:000266475000013
PM 19412262
ER

PT J
AU Heilweil, EJ
   Maslar, JE
   Kimes, WA
   Bassim, ND
   Schenck, PK
AF Heilweil, Edwin J.
   Maslar, James E.
   Kimes, William A.
   Bassim, Nabil D.
   Schenck, Peter K.
TI Characterization of metal oxide nanofilm morphologies and composition by
   terahertz transmission spectroscopy
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; TIO2; TEMPERATURE; RUTILE; MODES
AB Am all-optical terahertz absorption technique for nondestructive characterization of nanometer-scale metal oxide thin films grown on silicon substrates is described. Example measurements of laser-deposited TiO(2) and atomic layer-deposited films of HfO(2) are presented to demonstrate applicability to pure Y(2)O(3), Al(2)O(3), and VO(x) and mixed combinatorial films as a function of deposition conditions and thickness. This technique is also found to be sensitive to HfO(2) phonon modes in films with a nominal thickness of 5 nm.
C1 [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Maslar, James E.; Kimes, William A.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Bassim, Nabil D.; Schenck, Peter K.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Heilweil, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov
FU NIST Physics and Chemical Science and Technology Laboratories Scientific
   and Technical Research Services (STRS); Office of Microelectronics
   Programs
FX This work was supported by the NIST Physics and Chemical Science and
   Technology Laboratories Scientific and Technical Research Services
   (STRS) funding and the Office of Microelectronics Programs. J. E. Maslar
   and W A. Kimes also gratefully acknowledge N. V. Nguyen for
   HfO<INF>2</INF> deposition rate determinations and R. R. Fink and M. J.
   Carrier for technical assistance in HfO<INF>2</INF> deposition.
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 10
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 9
BP 1360
EP 1362
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 451MT
UT WOS:000266475000023
PM 19412272
ER

PT J
AU Liu, YX
   Lee, YJ
   Cicerone, MT
AF Liu, Yuexin
   Lee, Young Jong
   Cicerone, Marcus T.
TI Broadband CARS spectral phase retrieval using a time-domain
   Kramers-Kronig transform
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We describe a closed-form approach for performing a Kramers-Kronig (KK) transform that can be used to rapidly and reliably retrieve the phase, and thus the resonant imaginary component, from a broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectrum with a nonflat background. In this approach we transform the frequency-domain data to the time domain, perform an operation that ensures a causality criterion is met, then transform back to the frequency domain. The fact that this method handles causality in the time domain allows us to conveniently account for spectrally varying nonresonant background from CARS as a response function with a finite rise time. A phase error accompanies KK transform of data with finite frequency range. In examples shown here, that phase error leads to small (<1%) errors in the retrieved resonant spectra.
C1 [Liu, Yuexin; Lee, Young Jong; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cicerone@nist.gov
RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008
OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001
FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB002468]
NR 19
TC 87
Z9 88
U1 2
U2 13
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 9
BP 1363
EP 1365
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 451MT
UT WOS:000266475000024
PM 19412273
ER

PT J
AU Perez, FR
   Barrero, CA
   Arnache, O
   Sanchez, LC
   Garcia, KE
   Walker, ARH
AF Perez, F. R.
   Barrero, C. A.
   Arnache, O.
   Sanchez, L. C.
   Garcia, K. E.
   Walker, A. R. Hight
TI Structural properties of iron phases formed on low alloy steels immersed
   in sodium chloride-rich solutions
SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
DE Corrosion and protection; Mossbauer spectrometry; X-ray diffraction;
   Raman and infrared spectroscopy
ID WEATHERING STEEL; MOSSBAUER CHARACTERIZATION; PROTECTIVE ABILITY;
   LONG-TERM; CORROSION; MAGNETITE; NANOPARTICLES; ENVIRONMENTS; SPECTRA;
   OXIDES
AB Products of corrosion were obtained from low alloy steels submitted to total immersion tests in solutions containing sodium chloride at different concentrations, during seven days. In order to properly characterize the adherent (AR) and the non-adherent rusts (NAR), a methodology including room temperature Mossbauer spectrometry, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction was addressed. The techniques showed that the AR samples were composed of non-stoichiometric magnetite, goethite, akaganeite and lepidocrocite. The composition of the NAR samples was the same, but with very small amounts of magnetite. Different cell parameters and mean crystallite sizes were found for all phases presented in AR and the NAR samples. The corrosion rates were higher than 580 mu m/y. The ratio of the abundances of goethite to the sum of lepidocrocite, akaganeite and magnetite were less than one. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Perez, F. R.] Univ Pontificia Bolivariana, Grp Opt & Espectroscopia, Medellin, Colombia.
   [Perez, F. R.; Barrero, C. A.; Arnache, O.; Sanchez, L. C.; Garcia, K. E.] Univ Antioquia, Grp Estado Solido, Medellin, Colombia.
   [Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Perez, FR (reprint author), Univ Pontificia Bolivariana, Grp Opt & Espectroscopia, AA 56006, Medellin, Colombia.
EM fredy.perez@upb.edu.co
RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009
OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672
FU CODI-Universidad de Antioquia [E01248CE]; CIDI-Universidad Pontificia
   Bolivariana [889-05/06-27]
FX Authors greatly acknowledge to CODI-Universidad de Antioquia (Projects
   E01248CE and Sustainability Programs during 2007-2008 for both the Solid
   State and the Scientific Instrumentation and Microelectronic Groups) and
   CIDI-Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Project 889-05/06-27) for
   financial support. Thanks go to M. Perez of Universidad Nacional of
   Colombia Sede-Medellin for the SEM measurements.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4526
J9 PHYSICA B
JI Physica B
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 404
IS 8-11
BP 1347
EP 1353
DI 10.1016/j.physb.2008.12.020
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 443BV
UT WOS:000265886100059
ER

PT J
AU Yildirim, T
AF Yildirim, Taner
TI Frustrated magnetic interactions, giant magneto-elastic coupling, and
   magnetic phonons in iron-pnictides
SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Iron-pnictides; High-T(c) superconductors; First-principles
   calculations; Phonons; Magneto-elastic coupling; Electron-phonon
   coupling; Spin-waves; Frustration
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS
AB We present a detailed first-principles study of Fe-pnictides with particular emphasis on competing magnetic interactions, structural phase transition, giant magneto-elastic coupling and its effect on phonons. The exchange interactions J(ij)(R) are Calculated up to approximate to 12 angstrom from two different approaches based on direct spin-flip and infinitesimal spin-rotation. We find that J(ij)(R) has an oscillatory character with an envelop decaying as 1/R(3) along the stripe-direction while it is very short range along the diagonal direction and anti ferromagnetic. A brief discussion of the neutron scattering determination of these exchange constants from a single crystal sample with orthorhombic-twinning is given. The lattice parameter dependence of the exchange constants, dJ(ij)/da are calculated for a simple spin-Peierls like model to explain the fine details of the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase transition. We then discuss giant magneto-elastic effects in these systems. We show that when the Fe-spin is turned off the optimized c-values are shorter than experimental values by 1.4 angstrom for CaFe(2)As(2), by 0.4 angstrom for BaFe(2)As(2), and by 0.13 angstrom for LaOFeAs. We explain this strange behavior by unraveling surprisingly strong interactions between arsenic ions, the strength of which is controlled by the Fe-spin state through Fe-As hybridization. Reducing the Fe-magnetic moment, weakens the Fe-As bonding, and in turn, increases As-As interactions, causing a giant reduction in the c-axis. These findings also explain why the Fe-moment is so tightly coupled to the As-z position. Finally, we show that Fe-spin is also required to obtain the right phonon energies, in particular As c-polarized and Fe-Fe in-plane modes that have been recently observed by inelastic X-ray and neutron scattering but cannot be explained based on non-magnetic phonon calculations. Since treating iron as magnetic ion always gives Much better results than non-magnetic ones and since there is no large c-axis reduction during the normal to superconducting phase transition, the iron magnetic moment should be present in Fe-pnictides at all times. We discuss the implications of our results on the mechanism of superconductivity in these fascinating Fe-pnictide systems. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Yildirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM taner@nist.gov
RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009
NR 78
TC 93
Z9 94
U1 2
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 469
IS 9-12
BP 425
EP 441
DI 10.1016/j.physc.2009.03.038
PG 17
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 460MJ
UT WOS:000267191500015
ER

PT J
AU Lynn, JW
   Dai, PC
AF Lynn, Jeffrey W.
   Dai, Pengcheng
TI Neutron studies of the iron-based family of high T-C magnetic
   superconductors
SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Iron superconductors; Neutron scattering; Crystal and magnetic
   structures; Spin dynamics
ID SCATTERING
AB We review neutron scattering investigations of the crystal structures, magnetic structures, and spin dynamics of the iron-based RFe(As, P)(O, F) (R = La, Ce. Pr, Nd), (Ba,Sr,Ca)Fe2As2, and Fe1+x(Te-Se) systems. On cooling from room temperature all the undoped materials exhibit universal behavior, where a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic/monoclinic structural transition Occurs, below which the systems become antiferromagnets. For the first two classes of materials the magnetic structure within the a-b plane consists of chains of parallel Fe spins that are coupled antiferromagnetically in the orthogonal direction, with an ordered moment typically less than one Bohr magneton. Hence these are itinerant electron magnets, with a spin structure that is consistent with Fermi-surface nesting and a very energetic spin wave bandwidth similar to 0.2 eV. With doping, the structural and magnetic transitions are suppressed in favor of superconductivity, with Superconducting transition temperatures up to approximate to 55 K. Magnetic correlations are observed in the Superconducting regime, With a Magnetic resonance that follows the Superconducting order parameter just like the cuprates. The rare earth moments order antiferromagnetically at low T like 'conventional' Magnetic Superconductors, while the Cc crystal field linewidths are affected when superconductivity sets in. The application of pressure in CaFe2As2 transforms the system from a magnetically ordered orthorhombic material to a 'collapsed' non-magnetic tetragonal system. Tetragonal Fe1+xTe transforms to a low T monoclinic structure at small x that changes to orthorhombic at larger x, which is accompanied by a crossover from commensurate to incommensurate magnetic order. Se doping Suppresses the magnetic order, while incommensurate magnetic correlations are observed in the superconducting regime. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Lynn, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Jeff.Lynn@nist.gov
RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012
OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170
FU US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy
   Sciences [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; US National Science Foundation
   [DMR-0756568]
FX The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all of
   their collaborators, as listed in the references, who have shared the
   research excitement of this new family Of Superconductors. We thank R.J.
   McQueeney for helpful discussions. P.D. is supported by the US
   Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy
   Sciences, through DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202; and by the US National Science
   Foundation through DMR-0756568. This work is also Supported in part by
   the US Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities,
   Basic Energy Sciences.
NR 52
TC 107
Z9 110
U1 4
U2 50
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
EI 1873-2143
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 469
IS 9-12
BP 469
EP 476
DI 10.1016/j.physc.2009.03.046
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 460MJ
UT WOS:000267191500020
ER

PT J
AU Fischer, CF
AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese
TI Evaluating the accuracy of theoretical transition data
SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Conference on Atomic Spectroscopy and Oscillator
   Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasma
CY AUG 07-10, 2007
CL Lund Univ, Lund Observatory & Phys Dept, Lund, SWEDEN
HO Lund Univ, Lund Observatory & Phys Dept
ID PAULI ENERGY-LEVELS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; C-III; INTERCOMBINATION LINE;
   LOWER BOUNDS; PROBABILITIES; LITHIUM; LIFETIMES; NITROGEN; CARBON
AB As theory produces more and more transition probabilities for which experimental values are not available, an independent assessment of accuracy is needed. Factors affecting accuracy of theoretical results are discussed. It is shown how the accuracy of the transition energy and the discrepancy in the length and velocity form of the line strength, in a general way, can determine which of two ab initio sets of results are the more accurate. Some methods of estimating absolute accuracy are proposed and compared with the online Atomic Spectra Database assessments.
C1 [Fischer, Charlotte Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Charlotte.Fischer@Nist.Gov
NR 39
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0031-8949
J9 PHYS SCRIPTA
JI Phys. Scr.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL T134
AR 014019
DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2009/T134/014019
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 465UG
UT WOS:000267612800020
ER

PT J
AU Kerber, F
   Nave, G
   Sansonetti, CJ
   Bristow, P
AF Kerber, Florian
   Nave, Gillian
   Sansonetti, Craig J.
   Bristow, Paul
TI From laboratory to the sky: Th-Ar wavelength standards for the cryogenic
   infrared echelle spectrograph (CRIRES)
SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Conference on Atomic Spectroscopy and Oscillator
   Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasma
CY AUG 07-10, 2007
CL Lund Univ, Lund Observatory & Phys Dept, Lund, SWEDEN
HO Lund Univ, Lund Observatory & Phys Dept
ID RESOLUTION SPECTRAL ATLAS; HOLLOW-CATHODE LAMPS; OH-EMISSION LINES; ZINC
   ABUNDANCES; NM REGION; CALIBRATION; SULFUR; STARS; VLT
AB We report on the collaborative effort of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to establish-through laboratory measurements-wavelength standards in the near-infrared (IR) emission line spectrum of a low current Th-Ar hollow cathode lamp. These standards are now routinely used for the wavelength calibration of the cryogenic infrared echelle spectrograph (CRIRES) operated at one of the unit telescopes of the very large telescope (VLT) at ESO's La Silla Paranal Observatory in Chile. The availability of highly accurate wavelength standards from a commercially available calibration source permits a shift to a new operational paradigm for high-resolution IR spectroscopy. Wavelength calibration no longer has to rely on atmospheric features but can make use of laboratory traceable reference data as is normally done in the ultraviolet and visible regions. This opens the door for more quantitative spectroscopic work in the near-IR. To illustrate the potential impact of this development, we briefly review the current state of affairs in IR astronomy and its projected future. With the advent of the next generation of extremely large ground-based telescopes the IR region will become the most powerful window on the universe within the next 10-15 years. We conclude with a short outlook on the contribution atomic physics can make to this evolution.
C1 [Kerber, Florian; Bristow, Paul] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
   [Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kerber, F (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
EM fkerber@eso.org; gillian.nave@nist.gov; craig.sansonetti@nist.gov;
   bristowp@eso.org
NR 30
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0031-8949
J9 PHYS SCRIPTA
JI Phys. Scr.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL T134
AR 014007
DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2009/T134/014007
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 465UG
UT WOS:000267612800008
ER

PT J
AU Ralchenko, Y
AF Ralchenko, Yuri
TI Online databases and computational tools for non-LTE spectroscopy
SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Conference on Atomic Spectroscopy and Oscillator
   Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasma
CY AUG 07-10, 2007
CL Lund Univ, Lund Observatory & Phys Dept, Lund, SWEDEN
HO Lund Univ, Lund Observatory & Phys Dept
ID OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; RATE COEFFICIENTS;
   WORKSHOP; IONS; BALANCE; ATOMS
AB Atomic structure and collisional databases have been actively developed since the early era of the World Wide Web. It is only recently that a number of plasma kinetics databases have become available for the physics community. Moreover, it is now possible to perform advanced online collisional-radiative calculations for plasmas far from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We describe several online databases and tools that can be used in non-LTE research. Special attention is given to the new databases recently developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov
RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011
OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; 
NR 21
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0031-8949
J9 PHYS SCRIPTA
JI Phys. Scr.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL T134
AR 014025
DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2009/T134/014025
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 465UG
UT WOS:000267612800026
ER

PT J
AU Reader, J
AF Reader, Joseph
TI Spectral data for fusion energy: from W to W
SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Conference on Atomic Spectroscopy and Oscillator
   Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasma
CY AUG 07-10, 2007
CL Lund Univ, Lund Observatory & Phys Dept, Lund, SWEDEN
HO Lund Univ, Lund Observatory & Phys Dept
ID ZN-LIKE IONS; COPPER ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; HIGHLY IONIZED TUNGSTEN;
   CHARGED CU-LIKE; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; TOKAMAK DISCHARGES; ATOMIC
   SPECTRA; CO-LIKE; WAVELENGTHS; RADIATION
AB Experimental and theoretical techniques to produce spectral data for fusion energy have evolved greatly since the 1970s. Light sources have progressed from energetic sparks and laser-produced plasmas to electron beam ion traps (EBITs) and tokamaks themselves. Theory has advanced from non-relativistic Hartree-Fock to fully relativistic Dirac-Fock calculations and detailed collisional-radiative (CR) modeling of plasmas with codes generating large numbers of cross sections and other atomic data. A great deal of work of late has focused on tungsten, which although originally thought to be not usable for high-temperature machines, has now been selected to play an important role in ITER, the international tokamak reactor to be built in France. Work on tungsten from various laboratories and recent results for highly ionized W from the EBIT at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are discussed.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Reader, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joseph.reader@nist.gov
NR 56
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0031-8949
J9 PHYS SCRIPTA
JI Phys. Scr.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL T134
AR 014023
DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2009/T134/014023
PG 11
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 465UG
UT WOS:000267612800024
ER

PT J
AU Bieron, J
   Fischer, CF
   Indelicato, P
   Jonsson, P
   Pyykko, P
AF Bieron, Jacek
   Fischer, Charlotte Froese
   Indelicato, Paul
   Jonsson, Per
   Pyykko, Pekka
TI Complete-active-space multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations
   of hyperfine-structure constants of the gold atom
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic moments; configuration interactions; Dirac-Fock calculations;
   electron correlations; gold; hyperfine structure; quadrupole moments
ID SCALAR RELATIVISTIC CALCULATIONS; NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE MOMENTS; KROLL-HESS
   METHOD; THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY; CONFIGURATION; PROGRAM; LITHIUM; AU-197;
   STATES; MODEL
AB The multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock model has been employed to calculate the expectation values for the hyperfine splittings of the 5d(9)6s(2) D-2(3/2) and 5d(9)6s(2) D-2(5/2) levels of atomic gold. One-, two-, and three-body electron correlation effects involving all 79 electrons have been included in a systematic manner. The approximation employed in this study is equivalent to a complete-active-space approach. Calculated electric field gradients, together with experimental values of the electric quadrupole hyperfine-structure constants, allow us to extract a nuclear electric quadrupole moment Q(Au-197)=521.5(5.0) mb.
C1 [Bieron, Jacek] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fizyki Imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland.
   [Fischer, Charlotte Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Indelicato, Paul] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
   [Jonsson, Per] Malmo Univ, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden.
   [Pyykko, Pekka] Univ Helsinki, Dept Chem, Helsinki, Finland.
RP Bieron, J (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fizyki Imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland.
RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011; Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013
OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958; Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637
FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) [1 P03B 110 30];
   Swedish Research Council; Academy of Finland; Helmholtz Association
   [HA-216]
FX This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher
   Education (MNiSW) in the framework of scientific Grant No. 1 P03B 110 30
   available for the years 2006-2009. P.J. acknowledges support from the
   Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet). P.P. belongs to the Finnish
   Center of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science (CMS). The
   visits of J.B. at Helsinki were supported by The Academy of Finland. The
   large scale calculations were performed on the Raritan Linux cluster at
   the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in
   Gaithersburg, USA. J.B. would like to express his gratitude for the
   hospitality which was extended to him during his visits to the Chemistry
   Department of the University of Helsinki and the Atomic Spectroscopy
   Group at NIST. P.I. acknowledges the support of the Helmholtz Alliance
   Program of the Helmholtz Association under Contract No. HA-216
   ("Extremes of Density and Temperature: Cosmic Matter in the
   Laboratory"). Laboratoire Kastler Brossel is "Unite Mixte de Recherche
   du CNRS, de l'ENS et de l'UPMC No. 8552." We thank the (anonymous)
   referee for pointing our attention to the structural differences between
   CI and CC methods.
NR 46
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
EI 1094-1622
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 5
AR 052502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.052502
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 451WF
UT WOS:000266500900082
ER

PT J
AU Herrmann, M
   Haas, M
   Jentschura, UD
   Kottmann, F
   Leibfried, D
   Saathoff, G
   Gohle, C
   Ozawa, A
   Batteiger, V
   Knunz, S
   Kolachevsky, N
   Schussler, HA
   Hansch, TW
   Udem, T
AF Herrmann, M.
   Haas, M.
   Jentschura, U. D.
   Kottmann, F.
   Leibfried, D.
   Saathoff, G.
   Gohle, C.
   Ozawa, A.
   Batteiger, V.
   Knuenz, S.
   Kolachevsky, N.
   Schuessler, H. A.
   Haensch, T. W.
   Udem, Th.
TI Feasibility of coherent xuv spectroscopy on the 1S-2S transition in
   singly ionized helium
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE atom-photon collisions; helium; Lamb shift; photoexcitation;
   photoionisation; positive ions; quantum electrodynamics; two-photon
   spectra; ultraviolet spectra
ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE INTERVAL; ORDER HARMONIC-GENERATION;
   MAGNETIC-MOMENT; FREQUENCY COMB; 2-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY;
   EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; MUONIC HELIUM; OPTICAL-FIELD; GROUND-STATE;
   LAMB-SHIFT
AB The 1S-2S two-photon transition in singly ionized helium is a highly interesting candidate for precision tests of bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED). With the recent advent of extreme ultraviolet frequency combs, highly coherent quasi-continuous-wave light sources at 61 nm have become available, and precision spectroscopy of this transition now comes into reach for the first time. We discuss quantitatively the feasibility of such an experiment by analyzing excitation and ionization rates, propose an experimental scheme, and explore the potential for QED tests.
C1 [Herrmann, M.; Saathoff, G.; Gohle, C.; Ozawa, A.; Batteiger, V.; Knuenz, S.; Kolachevsky, N.; Haensch, T. W.; Udem, Th.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
   [Haas, M.] Univ Hosp Freiburg, Dept Diagnost Radiol, D-79095 Freiburg, Germany.
   [Jentschura, U. D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
   [Kottmann, F.] ETH, Inst Teilchenphys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Leibfried, D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Schuessler, H. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Haensch, T. W.] Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany.
   [Kolachevsky, N.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia.
RP Herrmann, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
RI Herrmann, Maximilian/B-2315-2008; Saathoff, Guido/B-1234-2009;
   Kolachevsky, Nikolai/D-2448-2013
OI Kolachevsky, Nikolai/0000-0001-9587-4955
FU DFG; Max-Planck Foundation
FX This research was supported by the DFG cluster of excellence "Munich
   Centre for Advanced Photonics." T. W. H. gratefully acknowledges support
   by the Max-Planck Foundation.
NR 70
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 5
AR 052505
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.052505
PG 15
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 451WF
UT WOS:000266500900085
ER

PT J
AU Iskin, M
   Freericks, JK
AF Iskin, M.
   Freericks, J. K.
TI Strong-coupling perturbation theory for the extended Bose-Hubbard model
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE boson systems; charge density waves; ground states; Hubbard model;
   localised states; optical lattices; perturbation theory
ID INSULATOR TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; OPTICAL LATTICE;
   MOTT-INSULATOR; SUPERFLUID; GAS; MOLECULES; BOSONS; ATOMS
AB We develop a strong-coupling perturbation theory for the extended Bose-Hubbard model with on-site and nearest-neighbor boson-boson repulsions on (d>1)-dimensional hypercubic lattices. Analytical expressions for the ground-state phase boundaries between the incompressible (Mott or charge-density-wave insulators) and the compressible (superfluid or supersolid) phases are derived up to third order in the hopping t. We also briefly discuss possible implications of our results in the context of ultracold dipolar Bose gases with dipole-dipole interactions loaded into optical lattices.
C1 [Iskin, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Iskin, M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
RP Iskin, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; 
OI Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165
FU DARPA OLE Program [W911NF0710576]
FX We would like to thank E. Tiesinga for many useful discussions. J. K. F.
   acknowledges support under USARO Grant No. W911NF0710576 with funds from
   the DARPA OLE Program.
NR 29
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 5
AR 053634
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.053634
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 451WF
UT WOS:000266500900163
ER

PT J
AU Iskin, M
   Tiesinga, E
AF Iskin, M.
   Tiesinga, E.
TI Rotation-induced superfluid-normal phase separation in trapped Fermi
   gases
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE fermion systems; ground states; phase separation; superfluidity;
   vortices
AB We use the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism to analyze the effects of rotation on the ground-state phases of harmonically trapped Fermi gases, under the assumption that quantized vortices are not excited. We find that the rotation breaks Cooper pairs that are located near the trap edge, and that this leads to a phase separation between the nonrotating superfluid (fully paired) atoms located around the trap center and the rigidly rotating normal (nonpaired) atoms located toward the trap edge, with a coexistence (partially paired) region in between. Furthermore, we show that the superfluid phase that occurs in the coexistence region is characterized by a gapless excitation spectrum, and that it is distinct from the gapped phase that occurs near the trap center.
C1 [Iskin, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Iskin, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 20
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 5
AR 053621
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.053621
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 451WF
UT WOS:000266500900150
ER

PT J
AU Lisak, D
   Havey, DK
   Hodges, JT
AF Lisak, D.
   Havey, D. K.
   Hodges, J. T.
TI Spectroscopic line parameters of water vapor for rotation-vibration
   transitions near 7180 cm(-1)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE infrared spectra; measurement standards; rotational-vibrational states;
   spectral line intensity; spectral line narrowing; spectral line shift;
   water
ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENT COLLISIONAL WIDTH; TUNABLE
   DIODE-LASER; MU-M REGION; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; COMBUSTION GASES;
   SPECTRAL-LINES; MULTISPECTRUM FITS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SPECIALTY GASES
AB We present low uncertainty measurements of line parameters for 15 rotation-vibration transitions of water vapor in the wave number range of 7170.27-7183.02 cm(-1). These experiments incorporated frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy and a primary standard humidity generator which produced a stable and accurately known amount of water vapor in a nitrogen carrier gas stream. Intensities and line shape factors were derived by fitting high-resolution spectra to spectral models that account for collisional narrowing and speed-dependent broadening and shifting effects. For most transitions reported here, we estimate the relative combined standard uncertainty of the line intensities to be < 0.4%, of which approximately one half this value we ascribe to limited knowledge of the line shape. Our measured intensities and broadening parameters are compared to experimental and theoretical literature values. Agreement between our experimental intensity measurements and those derived by recent ab initio calculations of the dipole moment surface of water vapor is within 1.5%.
C1 [Lisak, D.] Uniwersytet Mik Kopern, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
   [Havey, D. K.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lisak, D (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mik Kopern, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
RI Havey, Daniel/C-1997-2009; Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; Lisak,
   Daniel/E-1470-2014
FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Program; Polish budget funds
FX We thank Professor Jonathan Tennyson of University College London for
   kindly providing the ab initio intensity calculations, Gregory E. Scace
   of NIST for operation of the standard humidity generator, and David A.
   Long of the California Institute of Technology for helping construct the
   insulated enclosure for the ring-down cavity. The authors also
   acknowledge the NIST Office of Microelectronics Program for partial
   support of this research, as well as support by the Polish budget funds
   for scientific research projects in years 2008-2010.
NR 63
TC 60
Z9 59
U1 4
U2 26
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 5
AR 052507
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.052507
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 451WF
UT WOS:000266500900087
ER

PT J
AU Mitra, K
   Williams, CJ
   de Melo, CARS
AF Mitra, Kaushik
   Williams, C. J.
   de Melo, C. A. R. Sa
TI Superfluid and Fermi-liquid phases of Bose-Fermi mixtures in optical
   lattices
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE angular momentum; boson systems; Fermi liquid; localised states; optical
   lattices; superfluidity
AB We describe interacting mixtures of ultracold bosonic and fermionic atoms in harmonically confined optical lattices. For a suitable choice of parameters we study the emergence of superfluid and Fermi-liquid (noninsulating) regions out of Bose-Mott and Fermi-band insulators due to finite boson and fermion hoppings. We obtain the shell structure for the system and show that angular momentum can be transferred to the noninsulating regions from Laguerre-Gaussian beams, which combined with Bragg spectroscopy can reveal all superfluid and Fermi-liquid shells.
C1 [Mitra, Kaushik] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mitra, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 5
AR 055601
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.055601
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 451WF
UT WOS:000266500900246
ER

PT J
AU Pushin, DA
   Arif, M
   Cory, DG
AF Pushin, D. A.
   Arif, M.
   Cory, D. G.
TI Decoherence-free neutron interferometry
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE particle interferometry; vibration isolation
ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; MOVING LATTICES; SYSTEMS
AB Perfect single-crystal neutron interferometers are adversely sensitive to environmental disturbances, particularly mechanical vibrations. The sensitivity to vibrations results from the slow velocity of thermal neutrons and the long measurement time that are encountered in a typical experiment. Consequently, to achieve a good interference solutions for reducing vibration other than those normally used in optical experiments must be explored. Here we introduce a geometry for a neutron interferometer that is less sensitive to low-frequency vibrations. This design may be compared with both dynamical decoupling methods and decoherence-free subspaces that are described in quantum information processing. By removing the need for bulky vibration isolation setups, this design will make it easier to adopt neutron interferometry to a wide range of applications and increase its sensitivity.
C1 [Pushin, D. A.; Cory, D. G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pushin, DA (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM mitja@mit.edu
OI Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403
FU NIST
FX Support provided by NIST is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are
   grateful for discussions with D. L. Jacobson, R. Laflamme, B. Levi, and
   C. Ramanathan. Discussion with S. A. Werner about an earlier idea of a
   four-blade interferometer for use in gravity and spin-rotation [7]
   experiments is gratefully appreciated.
NR 15
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 5
AR 053635
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.053635
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 451WF
UT WOS:000266500900164
ER

PT J
AU Stanescu, TD
   Galitski, V
   Vaishnav, JY
   Clark, CW
   Das Sarma, S
AF Stanescu, Tudor D.
   Galitski, Victor
   Vaishnav, J. Y.
   Clark, Charles W.
   Das Sarma, S.
TI Topological insulators and metals in atomic optical lattices
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
DE boson systems; optical lattices; topology
ID HALL; STATE
AB We propose the realization of topological quantum states in a cold-atom system, using a two-dimensional hexagonal optical lattice and a light-induced periodic vector potential. A necessary condition for observing the topological states is the realization of a confining potential with a flat bottom and sharp boundaries. To probe the topological states, we propose to load bosons into the characteristic edge states and image them directly. The possibility of mapping out the edge states and controlling the optical lattice and vector potentials offers opportunities for exploring topological phases with no equivalent in condensed-matter systems.
C1 [Stanescu, Tudor D.; Galitski, Victor; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Stanescu, Tudor D.; Galitski, Victor; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Vaishnav, J. Y.; Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stanescu, TD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009
OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Das Sarma,
   Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X
FU NSF
FX This work is supported by NSF through JQI-PFC, DARPA, and USARO.
NR 28
TC 70
Z9 70
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 5
AR 053639
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.053639
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 451WF
UT WOS:000266500900168
ER

PT J
AU Li, JY
   Jensen, TBS
   Andersen, NH
   Zarestky, JL
   McCallum, RW
   Chung, JH
   Lynn, JW
   Vaknin, D
AF Li, Jiying
   Jensen, Thomas B. S.
   Andersen, Niels H.
   Zarestky, Jerel L.
   McCallum, R. William
   Chung, Jae-Ho
   Lynn, Jeffrey W.
   Vaknin, David
TI Tweaking the spin-wave dispersion and suppressing the incommensurate
   phase in LiNiPO4 by iron substitution
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE commensurate-incommensurate transformations; energy gap; exchange
   interactions (electron); frustration; Heisenberg model; iron compounds;
   lithium compounds; magnetic structure; magnetic transitions; neutron
   diffraction; nickel compounds; spin Hamiltonians; spin waves
ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES;
   ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; TRANSFORMATION; ANISOTROPY
AB Elastic and inelastic neutron-scattering studies of Li(Ni1-xFex)PO4 single crystals reveal anomalous spin-wave dispersions along the crystallographic direction parallel to the characteristic wave vector of the magnetic incommensurate phase. The anomalous spin-wave dispersion (magnetic soft mode) indicates the instability of the Ising-type ground state that eventually evolves into the incommensurate phase as the temperature is raised. The pure LiNiPO4 system (x=0) undergoes a first-order magnetic phase transition from a long-range incommensurate phase to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state at T-N=20.8 K. At 20% Fe concentrations, although the AFM ground state is to a large extent preserved as that of the pure system, the phase transition is second order, and the incommensurate phase is completely suppressed. Analysis of the dispersion curves using a Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian that includes interplane and in-plane nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor couplings reveals frustration due to strong competing interactions between nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor sites, consistent with the observed incommensurate structure. The Fe substitution only slightly lowers the extent of the frustration, sufficient to suppress the incommensurate phase. An energy gap in the dispersion curves gradually decreases with the increase in Fe content from similar to 2 meV for the pure system (x=0) to similar to 0.9 meV for x=0.2.
C1 [Li, Jiying; Zarestky, Jerel L.; McCallum, R. William; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Li, Jiying; Zarestky, Jerel L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Li, Jiying; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Li, Jiying] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Jensen, Thomas B. S.; Andersen, Niels H.] Tech Univ Denmark, Mat Res Div, Riso DTU, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
   [McCallum, R. William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Chung, Jae-Ho] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea.
RP Vaknin, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM vaknin@ameslab.gov
RI Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009
OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248
NR 37
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 17
AR 174435
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.174435
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 451WH
UT WOS:000266501100088
ER

PT J
AU Li, SL
   Chen, Y
   Chang, S
   Lynn, JW
   Li, LJ
   Luo, YK
   Cao, GH
   Xu, ZA
   Dai, PC
AF Li, Shiliang
   Chen, Ying
   Chang, Sung
   Lynn, Jeffrey W.
   Li, Linjun
   Luo, Yongkang
   Cao, Guanghan
   Xu, Zhu'an
   Dai, Pengcheng
TI Spin gap and magnetic resonance in superconducting BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE antiferrimagnetism; arsenic alloys; barium alloys; iron alloys; magnetic
   resonance; neutron spectra; nickel alloys; photoemission;
   superconducting energy gap; superconducting materials
ID IRON-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR;
   NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BA0.6K0.4FE2AS2; EXCITATIONS; SPECTRA
AB We use neutron spectroscopy to determine the nature of the magnetic excitations in superconducting BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2(T-c=20 K). Above T-c the excitations are gapless and centered at the commensurate antiferromagnetic wave vector of the parent compound, while the intensity exhibits a sinusoidal modulation along the c axis. As the superconducting state is entered a spin gap gradually opens, whose magnitude tracks the T dependence of the superconducting gap as observed by angle-resolved photoemission. Both the spin-gap and magnetic-resonance energies are temperature and wave-vector dependent, but their ratio is the same within uncertainties. These results suggest that the spin resonance is a singlet-triplet excitation related to electron pairing and superconductivity.
C1 [Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Chen, Ying; Chang, Sung; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Li, Linjun; Luo, Yongkang; Cao, Guanghan; Xu, Zhu'an] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Li, SL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM daip@ornl.gov
RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Cao, Guanghan/C-4753-2008; Dai, Pengcheng
   /C-9171-2012
OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170
FU U.S. DOE BES [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; NSF [DMR-0756568, DMR-0454672]
FX We thank Songxue Chi, Jun Zhao, and Leland Harriger for coaligning some
   of the single crystals used in the present experiment. This work is
   supported by the U.S. DOE BES under Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER46202, NSF
   under Grant No. DMR-0756568, and in part by the U. S. DOE, Division of
   Scientific User Facilities. The work at Zhejiang University is supported
   by the NSF of China. This work utilized facilities supported in part by
   the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672.
NR 35
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 17
AR 174527
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.174527
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 451WH
UT WOS:000266501100117
ER

PT J
AU Magyar, RJ
AF Magyar, R. J.
TI Ground and excited-state fermions in a one-dimensional double-well:
   Exact and density-functional solutions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE density functional theory; eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; excited
   states; fermions; ground states; Hubbard model; hydrogen neutral
   molecules; one-dimensional conductivity
ID ELECTRON-GAS; SYSTEMS; MODEL
AB Two of the most popular quantum-mechanical models of interacting fermions are compared to each other and to potentially exact solutions for a pair of contact-interacting fermions trapped in a one-dimensional (1D) double-well potential, a model of atoms in a quasi-1D optical lattice, or electrons of a hydrogen molecule in a strong magnetic field. An exact few-body Hamiltonian is solved numerically in momentum space yielding a highly correlated eigenspectrum. Additionally, approximate ground-state energies are obtained using both density-functional theory (DFT) functional and two-site Hubbard models. A 1D adiabatic local-density approximation kernel is constructed for use in time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) and the resulting excited-state spectrum is compared to the exact and Hubbard results. DFT is shown to give accurate results for wells with small separations but fails to describe localization of opposite spin fermions to different sites. A locally cognizant density functional based on an effective local fermion number would provide a solution to this problem, and an approximate treatment presented here compares favorably to the exact and Hubbard results. The TDDFT excited-state spectrum is accurate in the small parameter regime with nonadiabatic effects accounting for any deviations. As expected, the ground-state Hubbard model outperforms DFT at large separations but breaks down at intermediate separations due to improper scaling to the united-atom limit. At strong coupling, both Hubbard and TDDFT methods fail to capture the appropriate energetics.
C1 [Magyar, R. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Magyar, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 27
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 19
AR 195127
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.195127
PG 14
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 451WJ
UT WOS:000266501300056
ER

PT J
AU McQueen, TM
   Klimczuk, T
   Williams, AJ
   Huang, Q
   Cava, RJ
AF McQueen, T. M.
   Klimczuk, T.
   Williams, A. J.
   Huang, Q.
   Cava, R. J.
TI Stoichiometry, spin fluctuations, and superconductivity in LaNiPO
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE band structure; fluctuations in superconductors; lanthanum compounds;
   nickel compounds; specific heat; spin fluctuations; stoichiometry
ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES;
   PHASE-DIAGRAM; HEAT
AB Superconductivity in LaNiPO is disrupted by small (similar to 5%) amounts of nonstoichiometry on the lanthanum site, even though the electronic contribution to the heat capacity increases with increasing nonstoichiometry. All samples also exhibit specific-heat anomalies consistent with the presence of ferromagnetic spin fluctuations (T(sf)approximate to 14 K). Comparison of layered nickel phosphide and nickel borocarbide superconductors reveals different structure-property correlations in the two families.
C1 [McQueen, T. M.; Williams, A. J.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Klimczuk, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Klimczuk, T.] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
   [Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McQueen, TM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RI Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013
OI Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049
FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Program; Department of
   Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-98ER45706]
FX T. M. M. gratefully acknowledges support of the National Science
   Foundation Graduate Research Program. The work at Princeton was
   supported by the Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy
   Sciences, under Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER45706.
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 17
AR 172502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.172502
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 451WH
UT WOS:000266501100020
ER

PT J
AU Moore, RG
   Lumsden, MD
   Stone, MB
   Zhang, JD
   Chen, Y
   Lynn, JW
   Jin, R
   Mandrus, D
   Plummer, EW
AF Moore, R. G.
   Lumsden, M. D.
   Stone, M. B.
   Zhang, Jiandi
   Chen, Y.
   Lynn, J. W.
   Jin, R.
   Mandrus, D.
   Plummer, E. W.
TI Phonon softening and anomalous mode near the x(c)=0.5 quantum critical
   point in Ca2-xSrxRuO4
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE calcium compounds; critical points; doping; phonon dispersion relations;
   soft modes; solid-state phase transformations; strontium compounds
ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MOTT TRANSITION; SOFT-PHONON; LA2CUO4;
   SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CA2-XSR(X)RUO4; SR2IRO4
AB Inelastic neutron scattering is used to measure the temperature-dependent phonon dispersion in Ca2-xSrxRuO4 (x=0.4,0.6). The in-plane Sigma(4) octahedral tilt mode softens significantly at the zone boundary of the high-temperature tetragonal (HTT) I4(1)/acd structure as the temperature approaches the transition to a low-temperature orthorhombic (LTO) Pbca phase. This behavior is similar to that in La2CuO4, but an inelastic feature that is not found in the cuprate is present. An anomalous phonon mode is observed at energy transfers greater than the Sigma(4), albeit with similar dispersion. This anomalous phonon mode never softens below similar to 5 meV, even for temperatures below the HTT-LTO transition. This mode is attributed to the presence of intrinsic structural disorder within the I4(1)/acd tetragonal structure of the doped ruthenate.
C1 [Lumsden, M. D.; Stone, M. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Zhang, Jiandi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
   [Chen, Y.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Jin, R.; Mandrus, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Moore, R. G.; Jin, R.; Mandrus, D.; Plummer, E. W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Moore, RG (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Lumsden,
   Mark/F-5366-2012
OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660
FU NSF [DMR-0346826, DMR-0353108, DMR-0451163]; DOE [DE-FG02-04ER46125];
   DOE DMS; ORAU faculty summer research program; Scientific User
   Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE; Division of
   Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE
   [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX We thank I. A. Sergienko for helpful discussions. This work was
   supported by NSF Grants No. DMR-0346826, No. DMR-0353108, and No.
   DMR-0451163; DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46125; DOE DMS; and ORAU faculty
   summer research program. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge
   National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the
   Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   DOE. The work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported through the
   Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, DOE, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 17
AR 172301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.172301
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 451WH
UT WOS:000266501100005
ER

PT J
AU Shaw, JM
   Silva, TJ
   Schneider, ML
   McMichael, RD
AF Shaw, Justin M.
   Silva, T. J.
   Schneider, Michael L.
   McMichael, Robert D.
TI Spin dynamics and mode structure in nanomagnet arrays: Effects of size
   and thickness on linewidth and damping
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE damping; iron alloys; Kerr magneto-optical effect; magnetic particles;
   nanomagnetics; nanopatterning; nanostructured materials; nickel alloys;
   spin dynamics
ID MAGNETIZATION; DRIVEN; FILMS
AB We use frequency resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect to probe the spin dynamics and mode structure in 50-200-nm-diameter Ni(80)Fe(20) nanomagnets ranging from 3 to 10 nm in thickness. We find that the intrinsic Gilbert damping parameter is largely unaffected by the nanopatterning process despite a large linewidth dependence on the size of the nanomagnets. In the larger nanomagnets, both end and center modes are observed. The linewidth of these two modes differ considerably, which is most likely the result of the sensitivity of the end mode to small variations and imperfection of the shape and edge materials. We show that this effect can be exploited as a means to separately characterize the magnetic properties of the nanomagnets as well as the size and shape variations within the array.
C1 [Shaw, Justin M.; Silva, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Schneider, Michael L.] Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
   [McMichael, Robert D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Silva,
   Thomas/C-7605-2013; 
OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642;
   McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
NR 47
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 1
U2 30
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 18
AR 184404
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.184404
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 451WI
UT WOS:000266501200057
ER

PT J
AU Stock, C
   Buyers, WJL
   Rule, KC
   Chung, JH
   Liang, R
   Bonn, D
   Hardy, WN
AF Stock, C.
   Buyers, W. J. L.
   Rule, K. C.
   Chung, J. -H.
   Liang, R.
   Bonn, D.
   Hardy, W. N.
TI Magnetic field resonantly enhanced free spins in heavily underdoped
   YBa2Cu3O6+x
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE barium compounds; fluctuations in superconductors; high-temperature
   superconductors; mixed state; monolayers; neutron diffraction; spin
   fluctuations; yttrium compounds; Zeeman effect
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ANISOTROPY; ORDER;
   YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; CRYSTAL
AB Using neutron scattering, we investigate the effect of a magnetic field on the static and dynamic spin response in heavily underdoped superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO6+x) with x=0.33 (T-c=8 K) and 0.35 (T-c=18 K). In contrast to the heavily doped and superconducting monolayer cuprates, the elastic central peak characterizing static spin correlations does not respond observably to a magnetic field which suppresses superconductivity. Instead, we find a magnetic-field-induced resonant enhancement of the spin fluctuations. The energy scale of the enhanced fluctuations matches the Zeeman energy within both the normal and vortex phases, while the momentum dependence is the same as the zero-field bilayer response. The magnitude of the enhancement is very similar in both phases with a fractional intensity change of (I/I-0-1)similar to 0.1. We suggest that the enhancement is not directly correlated with superconductivity but is the result of almost free spins located near hole-rich regions.
C1 [Stock, C.] Rutherford Appleton Labs, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
   [Buyers, W. J. L.] CNR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada.
   [Buyers, W. J. L.; Liang, R.; Bonn, D.; Hardy, W. N.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
   [Rule, K. C.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
   [Chung, J. -H.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chung, J. -H.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
   [Liang, R.; Bonn, D.; Hardy, W. N.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 2E7, Canada.
RP Stock, C (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Labs, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; U.S.
   National Science Foundation [DMR-0306940, DMR-0454672]
FX We thank R. A. Cowley, R. J. Birgeneau, C. Broholm, G. Xu, Z. Yamani, S.
   Dunsiger, and J. Tranquada for helpful discussions. We acknowledge
   financial support from the Natural Science and Engineering Research
   Council (NSERC) of Canada and the U.S. National Science Foundation
   through Grant No. DMR-0306940. This work utilized facilities supported
   in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No.
   DMR-0454672.
NR 57
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 18
AR 184514
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.184514
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 451WI
UT WOS:000266501200099
ER

PT J
AU Mamontov, E
   Vlcek, L
   Wesolowski, DJ
   Cummings, PT
   Rosenqvist, J
   Wang, W
   Cole, DR
   Anovitz, LM
   Gasparovic, G
AF Mamontov, Eugene
   Vlcek, Lukas
   Wesolowski, David J.
   Cummings, Peter T.
   Rosenqvist, Joergen
   Wang, Wei
   Cole, David R.
   Anovitz, Lawrence M.
   Gasparovic, Goran
TI Suppression of the dynamic transition in surface water at low hydration
   levels: A study of water on rutile
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
DE molecular dynamics method; solvation; surface waves (fluid); titanium
   compounds; water
ID BACKSCATTERING NEUTRON SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PROTEIN
   HYDRATION; CONFINED WATER; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SILICA MATRICES;
   SCATTERING; CROSSOVER; LYSOZYME; SYSTEMS
AB Our quasielastic neutron-scattering experiments and molecular-dynamics simulations probing surface water on rutile (TiO2) have demonstrated that a sufficiently high hydration level is a prerequisite for the temperature-dependent crossover in the nanosecond dynamics of hydration water. Below the monolayer coverage of mobile surface water, a weak temperature dependence of the relaxation times with no apparent crossover is observed. We associate the dynamic crossover with interlayer jumps of the mobile water molecules, which become possible only at a sufficiently high hydration level.
C1 [Mamontov, Eugene] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Vlcek, Lukas; Cummings, Peter T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
   [Wesolowski, David J.; Rosenqvist, Joergen; Cole, David R.; Anovitz, Lawrence M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Cummings, Peter T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Wang, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Gasparovic, Goran] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Gasparovic, Goran] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Vlcek,
   Lukas/N-7090-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Anovitz,
   Lawrence/P-3144-2016
OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702;
   Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Anovitz,
   Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750
FU U. S. DOE, BES, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
   Biosciences [ERKCC41]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U. S. DOE
   [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX The authors are thankful to K. W. Herwig and M. Zamponi for critical
   reading of the paper. We used the resource of the Computing Center for
   Research and Education at Vanderbilt University and the Institutional
   Computational Cluster at ORNL's Chemical Sciences Division. This work
   was supported by the U. S. DOE, BES, Division of Chemical Sciences,
   Geosciences, and Biosciences through the project "Nanoscale Complexity
   at the Oxide/Water Interface" (Project No. ERKCC41) and by Oak Ridge
   National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. DOE
   under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 48
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 4
U2 20
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
EI 1550-2376
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 5
AR 051504
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.79.051504
PN 1
PG 6
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 451WD
UT WOS:000266500700064
PM 19518459
ER

PT J
AU Clade, P
   Ryu, C
   Ramanathan, A
   Helmerson, K
   Phillips, WD
AF Clade, P.
   Ryu, C.
   Ramanathan, A.
   Helmerson, K.
   Phillips, W. D.
TI Observation of a 2D Bose Gas: From Thermal to Quasicondensate to
   Superfluid
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID 2-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; TRAPPED GASES; TRANSITION
AB We present experimental results on a Bose gas in a quasi-2D geometry near the Berezinskii, Kosterlitz, and Thouless (BKT) transition temperature. By measuring the density profile after time of flight and the coherence length, we identify different states of the gas. We observe that the gas develops a bimodal distribution without long range order. In this regime, the gas presents a longer coherence length than the thermal cloud; it is quasicondensed but is not superfluid. Experimental evidence indicates that we also observe the superfluid transition (BKT transition). For a sufficiently long time of flight, we observe a trimodal distribution when the gas has developed a superfluid component.
C1 [Clade, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Clade, P.] UPMC, CNRS, ENS, Lab Kastler Brossel, Paris, France.
   Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Clade, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; 
OI Ramanathan, Anand/0000-0002-1865-0904
NR 25
TC 125
Z9 127
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 17
AR 170401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.170401
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 443ZC
UT WOS:000265948300001
PM 19518764
ER

PT J
AU Rea, LD
   Berman-Kowalewski, M
   Rosen, DAS
   Trites, AW
AF Rea, Lorrie D.
   Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle
   Rosen, David A. S.
   Trites, Andrew W.
TI Seasonal Differences in Biochemical Adaptation to Fasting in Juvenile
   and Subadult Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus)
SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; POSTWEANING FAST; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY;
   MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; PROTEIN-UTILIZATION;
   EMPEROR PENGUINS; BODY-COMPOSITION; FUR SEALS; PUPS
AB Nine Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) aged 1.75-6 yr were experimentally fasted for 7-14 d during the breeding and non-breeding seasons to identify changes in plasma metabolites that are indicative of fasting and to determine whether the ability of sea lions to fast varies seasonally or with age. Although some animals approached the limit of their protein-sparing ability by the end of our fasting experiments, there was no sign of irreversible starvation biochemistry. Plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations decreased in all animals within the first week of fasting, reflecting a shift to a fasting-adapted state; however, significant increases in plasma BUN concentration at the end of the nonbreeding season fasts suggest that subadult Steller sea lions were not able to maintain a protein-sparing metabolism for a full 14 d during the nonbreeding season. In contrast, juveniles were able to enter protein sparing sooner during the nonbreeding season when they had slightly higher initial percent total body lipid stores than during the breeding season. Subadult and juvenile sea lions had low circulating ketone body concentrations compared with young sea lion pups, suggesting an age-related difference in how body reserves are utilized during fasting or how the resulting metabolites are circulated and catabolized. Our data suggest that metabolite concentrations from a single blood sample cannot be used to accurately predict the duration of fast; however, threshold metabolite concentrations may still be useful for assessing whether periods of fasting in the wild are unusually long compared with those normally experienced.
C1 [Rea, Lorrie D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Rea, Lorrie D.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Rea, Lorrie D.; Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
   [Rosen, David A. S.; Trites, Andrew W.] Univ British Columbia, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Fisheries Ctr, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Rea, LD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM lorrie.rea@alaska.gov
RI Trites, Andrew/K-5648-2012
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [98-244-008]; National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration; North Pacific Marine Science Foundation to
   the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium
FX This study was authorized under the Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit
   (881-1443) held by the Alaska SeaLife Center (ASLC) and by Institutional
   Animal Care and Use Committee Protocols approved by the University of
   British Columbia (UBC), the ASLC (98-007), and the University of Central
   Florida (9807). This research was funded by the National Marine Mammal
   Laboratory Steller sea lion research program, through a grant to L. D.
   R. from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (98-244-008), and
   through grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
   and the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation to the North Pacific
   Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium to support the UBC
   Steller sea lion program. We wish to thank D. Christen, C. Porter, T.
   Shannon, and G. Shephard, whose training skills and inventiveness made
   our study possible, as well as the staff at both the Vancouver Aquarium
   and the ASLC for their assistance with our study. We are also grateful
   to the late P. Hochachka for access to his analytical laboratory at UBC
   and wish to acknowledge the tireless laboratory assistance of M. Citron,
   T. Haase, K. Kimble, J. Richmond, and J. Smith. This manuscript was
   improved through the comments of two anonymous reviewers, and special
   thanks are extended
NR 50
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 7
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1522-2152
J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL
JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 82
IS 3
BP 236
EP 247
DI 10.1086/597528
PG 12
WC Physiology; Zoology
SC Physiology; Zoology
GA 431DZ
UT WOS:000265042800004
PM 19323643
ER

PT J
AU Galli, GLJ
   Shiels, HA
   Brill, RW
AF Galli, Gina L. J.
   Shiels, Holly A.
   Brill, Richard W.
TI Temperature Sensitivity of Cardiac Function in Pelagic Fishes with
   Different Vertical Mobilities: Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares),
   Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus), Mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus), and
   Swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ISOLATED VENTRICULAR TRABECULAE; FORCE
   FREQUENCY RELATIONSHIPS; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM;
   RAINBOW-TROUT; ADRENERGIC-STIMULATION; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; CALCIUM
   CHANNELS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS
AB We measured the temperature sensitivity, adrenergic sensitivity, and dependence on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) of ventricular muscle from pelagic fishes with different vertical mobility patterns: bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), and mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus) and a single specimen from swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Ventricular muscle from the bigeye tuna and mahimahi exhibited a biphasic response to an acute decrease in temperature (from 26 degrees to 7 degrees C); twitch force and kinetic parameters initially increased and then declined. The magnitude of this response was larger in the bigeye tuna than in the mahimahi. Under steady state conditions at 26 degrees C, inhibition of SR Ca(2+) release and reuptake with ryanodine and thapsigargin decreased twitch force and kinetic parameters, respectively, in the bigeye tuna only. However, the initial inotropy associated with decreasing temperature was abolished by SR inhibition in both the bigeye tuna and the mahimahi. Application of adrenaline completely reversed the effects of ryanodine and thapsigargin, but this effect was diminished at cold temperatures. In the yellowfin tuna, temperature and SR inhibition had minor effects on twitch force and kinetics, while adrenaline significantly increased these parameters. Limited data suggest that swordfish ventricular muscle responds to acute temperature reduction, SR inhibition, and adrenergic stimulation in a manner similar to that of bigeye tuna ventricular muscle. In aggregate, our results show that the temperature sensitivity, SR dependence, and adrenergic sensitivity of pelagic fish hearts are species specific and that these differences reflect species-specific vertical mobility patterns.
C1 [Galli, Gina L. J.; Shiels, Holly A.] Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Core Technol Facil, Manchester M13 9NT, Lancs, England.
   [Brill, Richard W.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
RP Galli, GLJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
EM ggalli@interchange.ubc.ca
FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
NR 68
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 9
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1522-2152
J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL
JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 82
IS 3
BP 280
EP 290
DI 10.1086/597484
PG 11
WC Physiology; Zoology
SC Physiology; Zoology
GA 431DZ
UT WOS:000265042800008
PM 19284308
ER

PT J
AU Casteleyn, G
   Adams, NG
   Vanormelingen, P
   Debeer, AE
   Sabbe, K
   Vyverman, W
AF Casteleyn, Griet
   Adams, Nicolaus G.
   Vanormelingen, Pieter
   Debeer, Ann-Eline
   Sabbe, Koen
   Vyverman, Wim
TI Natural Hybrids in the Marine Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens
   (Bacillariophyceae): Genetic and Morphological Evidence
SO PROTIST
LA English
DT Article
DE diatoms; hybridization; ITS rDNA; morphology; Pseudo-nitzschia; rbcL
ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; HYBRIDIZATION; PCR;
   INTROGRESSION; SEQUENCES; WATERS; RDNA; SEA; ULTRASTRUCTURE
AB Hybridization between genetically distinguishable taxa provides opportunities for investigating speciation. While hybridization is a common phenomenon in various macro-organisms, natural hybridization among micro-eukaryotes is barely studied. Here we used a nuclear and a chloroplast molecular marker and morphology to demonstrate the presence of natural hybrids between two genetically and morphologically distinct varieties of the marine planktonic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (vars. pungens and cingulata) in a contact zone in the northeast Pacific. Cloning and sequencing of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region revealed strains containing ribotypes from both varieties, indicating hybridization. Both varieties were found to also have different chloroplast-encoded rbcL sequences. Hybrid strains were either hetero- or homoplastidial, as demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, which is in accordance with expectations based on the mode of chloroplast inheritance in Pseudo-nitzschia. While most hybrids are probably first generation, there are also indications for further hybridization. Morphologically, the hybrids resembled var. pungens for most characters rather than having an intermediate morphology. Further research should focus on the hybridization frequency, by assessing the spatial and temporal extent of the contact zone, and hybrid fitness, to determine the amount of gene flow between the two varieties and its evolutionary consequences. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
C1 [Casteleyn, Griet; Vanormelingen, Pieter; Debeer, Ann-Eline; Sabbe, Koen; Vyverman, Wim] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Lab Protistol & Aquat Ecol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
   [Adams, Nicolaus G.] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div,Marine Biotoxin Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Vyverman, W (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Lab Protistol & Aquat Ecol, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
EM Wim.Vyverman@ugent.be
RI Dasseville, Renaat /B-3561-2010
FU Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) [0292.00, 0197.05]; Ghent
   University [GOA 12050398]; Flemish Institute for the Promotion of
   Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT); National Science
   Foundation's (NSF) ECOHAB [OCE-0234587]; NOAA ECOHAB [NA16OP1450]
FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Research
   Programmes G. 0292.00 and G. 0197.05 of the Flemish Fund for Scientific
   Research (FWO) and the BOF-Project GOA 12050398 of Ghent University. G.
   C. is funded by the Flemish Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by
   Science and Technology (IWT). The P. pungens isolates used in this study
   were collected as part of the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal
   Blooms in the Pacific Northwest (ECOHAB-PNW) project that was funded by
   the National Science Foundation's (NSF) ECOHAB Project OCE-0234587 and
   NOAA ECOHAB Grant NA16OP1450. We thank V. Creach, N. Lundholm, M.
   Lastra, S. Bates, Y. Kotaki and L. Rhodes for providing strains from
   other areas.
NR 43
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
PI JENA
PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY
SN 1434-4610
J9 PROTIST
JI Protist
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 160
IS 2
BP 343
EP 354
DI 10.1016/j.protis.2008.11.002
PG 12
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 431QW
UT WOS:000265079100013
PM 19162539
ER

PT J
AU Marsh, KN
   Brennecke, JF
   Chirico, RD
   Frenkel, M
   Heintz, A
   Magee, JW
   Peters, CJ
   Rebelo, LPN
   Seddon, KR
AF Marsh, Kenneth N.
   Brennecke, Joan F.
   Chirico, Robert D.
   Frenkel, Michael
   Heintz, Andreas
   Magee, Joseph W.
   Peters, Cor J.
   Rebelo, Luis Paulo N.
   Seddon, Kenneth R.
TI THERMODYNAMIC AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE REFERENCE IONIC
   LIQUID: 1-HEXYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM BIS[(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)SULFONYL]AMIDE
   (INCLUDING MIXTURES) PART 1. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND RESULTS (IUPAC
   Technical Report)
SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide; ionic
   liquids; experimental measurements; thermodynamic properties;
   thermophysical properties; transport properties; uncertainties; IUPAC
   Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division
ID ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY; HEAT-CAPACITIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOLUBILITY;
   TEMPERATURES; BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE; ENTHALPIES; PRESSURES;
   VISCOSITY; DENSITY
AB This article summarizes the results of IUPAC Project 2002-005-1-100 (Thermodynamics of ionic liquids, ionic liquid mixtures, and the development of standardized systems). The methods used by the various contributors to measure the thermophysical and phase equilibrium properties of the reference sample of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide and its mixtures are summarized along with the uncertainties estimated by the contributors. Some results not previously published are presented. Properties of the pure ionic liquid included thermal properties (triple-point temperature, glass-transition temperature, enthalpy of fusion, heat capacities of condensed states), volumetric properties, speeds of sound, viscosities, electrolytic conductivities, and relative permittivities. Properties for mixtures included gas solubilities, solute activity coefficients at infinite dilution, liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) temperatures, and excess volumes. The companion article (Part 2) provides a critical evaluation of the data and recommended values with estimated combined expanded uncertainties.
C1 [Marsh, Kenneth N.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
   [Brennecke, Joan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
   [Chirico, Robert D.; Frenkel, Michael; Magee, Joseph W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Heintz, Andreas] Univ Rostock, Dept Chem, D-18055 Rostock, Germany.
   [Peters, Cor J.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Proc & Energy, Fac Mech Maritime & Mat Engn, NL-2628 CA Delft, Netherlands.
   [Peters, Cor J.] Petr Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
   [Rebelo, Luis Paulo N.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim Biol, P-2780901 Oeiras, Portugal.
   [Seddon, Kenneth R.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, QUILL, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland.
RP Marsh, KN (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Rebelo, Luis Paulo/B-5285-2008; 
OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Rebelo, Luis
   Paulo/0000-0002-5247-2443
NR 26
TC 77
Z9 77
U1 4
U2 39
PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA
SN 0033-4545
J9 PURE APPL CHEM
JI Pure Appl. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 81
IS 5
BP 781
EP 790
DI 10.1351/PAC-REP-08-09-21
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 443LE
UT WOS:000265910500001
ER

PT J
AU Chirico, RD
   Diky, V
   Magee, JW
   Frenkel, M
   Marsh, KN
AF Chirico, Robert D.
   Diky, Vladimir
   Magee, Joseph W.
   Frenkel, Michael
   Marsh, Kenneth N.
TI THERMODYNAMIC AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE REFERENCE IONIC
   LIQUID: 1-HEXYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM BIS[(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)SULFONYL]AMIDE
   (INCLUDING MIXTURES). PART 2. CRITICAL EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDED
   PROPERTY VALUES (IUPAC Technical Report)
SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE thermodynamic properties; transport properties; recommended values;
   critical evaluation; ionic liquids; IUPAC Physical and Biophysical
   Chemistry Division
ID PRESSURE PHASE-BEHAVIOR; THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; CARBON-DIOXIDE;
   ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; INFINITE DILUTION; HEAT-CAPACITIES;
   1-ALKYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE;
   PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOFTWARE
   IMPLEMENTATION
AB This article is a product of IUPAC Project 2002-005-1-100 (Thermodynamics of ionic liquids, ionic liquid mixtures, and the development of standardized systems). Experimental results of thermodynamic, transport, and phase equilibrium studies made on a reference sample of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl--methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide are summarized, compared, and critically evaluated to provide recommended values with uncertainties for the properties measured. Properties measured included thermal properties (triple-point temperature, glass-transition temperature, enthalpy of fusion, heat capacities of condensed states), volumetric properties, speeds of sound, viscosities, electrolytic conductivities, relative permittivities, as well as properties for mixtures, such as gas solubilities (solubility pressures), solute activity coefficients at infinite dilution, and liquid-liquid equilibrium temperatures. Recommended values with uncertainties are provided for the properties studied experimentally. The effect of the presence of water on the property values is discussed.
C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Diky, Vladimir; Magee, Joseph W.; Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Marsh, Kenneth N.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009
OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593
NR 63
TC 77
Z9 77
U1 1
U2 21
PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA
SN 0033-4545
J9 PURE APPL CHEM
JI Pure Appl. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 81
IS 5
BP 791
EP 828
DI 10.1351/PAC-REP-08-09-22
PG 38
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 443LE
UT WOS:000265910500002
ER

PT J
AU Bullock, SS
   O'Leary, DP
AF Bullock, Stephen S.
   O'Leary, Dianne P.
TI LOCALITY BOUNDS ON HAMILTONIANS FOR STABILIZER CODES
SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION
LA English
DT Article
AB In this paper, we study the complexity of Hamiltonians whose groundstate is a stabilizer code. We introduce various notions of k-locality of a stabilizer code, inherited from the associated stabilizer group. A choice of generators leads to a Hamiltonian with the code in its groundspace. We establish bounds on the locality of any other Hamiltonian whose groundspace contains such a code, whether or not its Pauli tenser summands commute. Our results provide insight into the cost of creating an energy gap for passive error correction and for adiabatic quantum computing. The results simplify in the cases of XZ-split codes such as Calderbank-Shor-Steane stabilizer codes and topologically-ordered stabilizer codes arising from surface cellulations.
C1 [Bullock, Stephen S.] Inst Def Anal, Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD 20715 USA.
   [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MCSD Div 891, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bullock, SS (reprint author), Inst Def Anal, Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD 20715 USA.
EM ssbullo@super.org; oleary@cs.umd.edu
FU National Science Foundation [CCF 0514213]
FX We are grateful to the anonymous referees for their suggestions. The
   work of the second author was supported in part by the National Science
   Foundation under Grant CCF 0514213.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU RINTON PRESS, INC
PI PARAMUS
PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA
SN 1533-7146
J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT
JI Quantum Inform. Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 9
IS 5-6
BP 487
EP 499
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields;
   Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 429RK
UT WOS:000264937600009
ER

PT J
AU Uhrin, AV
   Hall, MO
   Merello, MF
   Fonseca, MS
AF Uhrin, Amy V.
   Hall, Margaret O.
   Merello, Manuel F.
   Fonseca, Mark S.
TI Survival and Expansion of Mechanically Transplanted Seagrass Sods
SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Halodule wrightii; mechanized planting; restoration; Shoal grass;
   Thalassia testudinum; transplanting; Turtle grass
ID WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ZOSTERA-MARINA; TAMPA BAY; EELGRASS; RESTORATION;
   COMMUNITY; FLORIDA; GROWTH; USA; COLONIZATION
AB Although planting seagrass is not technically complex, the ability to plant large areas is limited by the time-consuming nature of manual methods. Additionally, manual methods use small, spatially isolated planting units (PUs; shoot bundles or plugs/cores) that are often highly susceptible to disturbance. The likelihood for harvesting intact apical meristems may be higher with large sods compared to smaller units, thus increasing survival and expansion rates. Here, we examined the survival and expansion of large units (1.5 x 1.2 m) of seagrass transplanted using a mechanized planting boat (Giga Unit Transplant System; GUTS). Twenty-seven units of seagrass (18 Halodule wrightii and 9 Thalassia testudinum) were transplanted and monitored for survival, shoot density, and expansion. After 3 years, 74.1% of the units had survived (66.7% H. wrightii and 88.9% T. testudinum) with 12 H. wrightii units having expanded substantially beyond the bounds of the original PU, merging with adjacent units to form spatially continuous patches of seagrass. High survival rates for T. testudinum should be interpreted in light of concomitant declines in density and lack of significant expansion after 3 years. In its tested configuration, the GUTS was a viable method for transplanting H. wrightii where donor and receiver sites were in close proximity (< 2 km; a current limitation of the GUTS design used here). However, based on the reduced density and lack of significant expansion of T. testudinum that has persisted 3 years post-transplant, the GUTS cannot yet be fully recommended for transplanting this species.
C1 [Uhrin, Amy V.; Fonseca, Mark S.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   [Hall, Margaret O.; Merello, Manuel F.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Uhrin, AV (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM amy.uhrin@noaa.gov
FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; NOAA; National Ocean
   Service; Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research
FX We appreciate the assistance of J. Anderson, B. Williams, and the staff
   of Seagrass Recovery, Inc., for providing and operating the GUTS. We
   recognize D. Berns, J. Bowles, K. Ferenc, F. Hall, J. Hyniova, J.
   Kunzelman, B. Robbins, and S. Slade for field assistance. Special thanks
   to B. Heckert, R. Lewis, R. Poynor, T. Reis, and B. Upcavage for
   graciously providing data for Table 2 and to Seagrass Technologies, LLC
   for allowing the use of their schematic diagrams of the GUTS bucket. We
   are especially grateful for the statistical guidance provided by W. J.
   Conover. We also acknowledge A. Malhotra for calculating wave exposures.
   The manuscript was improved by comments from S. Bell, E. Griffith, K.
   Hammerstrom, D. Johnson, J. Kenworthy, K. Kiehl, P. Marraro, V.
   McDonough, G. Piniak, J. VanderPluym, B. Williams, and three anonymous
   reviewers. The views contained in this manuscript do not necessarily
   reflect the view of NOAA. This study was funded by the Florida Fish and
   Wildlife Conservation Commission and the NOAA, National Ocean Service,
   Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research.
NR 42
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1061-2971
J9 RESTOR ECOL
JI Restor. Ecol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 17
IS 3
BP 359
EP 368
DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00376.x
PG 10
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 440PV
UT WOS:000265713100007
ER

PT J
AU Rogers, DJ
   Richardson, CJK
   Goldhar, J
   Clark, CW
AF Rogers, Daniel J.
   Richardson, Christopher J. K.
   Goldhar, Julius
   Clark, Charles W.
TI Measurement of small birefringence and loss in a nonlinear single-mode
   waveguide
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE birefringence; nonlinear optics; optical design techniques; optical
   fabrication; optical loss measurement; optical losses; optical variables
   measurement; optical waveguides
ID WAVELENGTH CONVERSION; CORRELATED PHOTONS; GENERATION; FIBERS; GAAS
AB We design and fabricate a birefringent semiconductor waveguide for application to nonlinear photonics, demonstrating that it is possible to engineer a small birefringence into such a device using multiple core layers. We also demonstrate a simple technique to accurately determine small waveguide birefringence using a differential measurement, present useful methods for coupling light into and out of the device, and make estimates of coupling and linear device losses.
C1 [Rogers, Daniel J.; Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Richardson, Christopher J. K.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
   [Goldhar, Julius] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Rogers, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM daniel.rogers@nist.gov
RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009
OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 80
IS 5
AR 053107
DI 10.1063/1.3124798
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 451AG
UT WOS:000266442500007
PM 19485492
ER

PT J
AU Kiffney, PM
   Pess, GR
   Anderson, JH
   Faulds, P
   Burton, K
   Riley, SC
AF Kiffney, Peter M.
   Pess, George R.
   Anderson, Joseph H.
   Faulds, P.
   Burton, K.
   Riley, Stephen C.
TI CHANGES IN FISH COMMUNITIES FOLLOWING RECOLONIZATION OF THE CEDAR RIVER,
   WA, USA BY PACIFIC SALMON AFTER 103 YEARS OF LOCAL EXTIRPATION
SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE barriers; habitat fragmentation; migration corridors; fish; river
   landscapes; salmon; trout
ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; NEWLY ACCESSIBLE
   HABITAT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; STREAM; COLONIZATION;
   RESTORATION; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Migration barriers are a major reason for species loss and population decline of freshwater organisms. Significant efforts have been made to remove or provide passage around these barriers; however, our understanding of the ecological effects of these efforts is minimal. Installation of a fish passage facility at the Landsburg Dam, WA, USA provided migratory fish access to habitat from which they had been excluded for over 100 years. Relying on voluntary recruitment, we examined the effectiveness of this facility in restoring coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon populations above the diversion, and whether reintroduction of native anadromous species affected the distribution and abundance of resident trout (O. mykiss and O. clarki). Before the ladder, late summer total salmonid (trout only) density increased with distance from the dam. This pattern was reversed after the ladder was opened, as total salmonid density (salmon + trout) approximately doubled in the three reaches closest to the dam. These changes were primarily due to the addition of coho, but small trout density also increased in lower reaches and decreased in upper reaches. A nearby source population, dispersal by adults and juveniles, low density of resident trout and high quality habitat above the barrier likely promoted rapid colonization of targeted species. Our results suggest that barrier removal creates an opportunity for migratory species to re-establish populations leading to range expansion and potentially to increased population size. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Kiffney, Peter M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
   [Pess, George R.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Anderson, Joseph H.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Faulds, P.; Burton, K.] Seattle Publ Util, Seattle, WA 98124 USA.
   [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Kiffney, PM (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo Field Stn, 10 Pk Ave,Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
EM peter.kiffney@noaa.gov
FU Cedar River Anadrornous Fish Commission; SPU; NWFSC; Washington Sea
   Grant, University of Washington; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration (NOAA) [NA040AR4170032, R/F-148]; Smith College-NOAA
   internship program
FX A number of people have helped with this project over the years
   especially individuals from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center
   (NWFSC) and Seattle Public Utilities (SPU), and the University of
   Washington. We especially recognize the contributions of B. Bachen, H.
   Barnett, D. Chapin, D. Paige, and R. Little from SPU, K. Bartz, T.
   Bennett, E. Buhle, J. Crarn, K. Kloehn, M. Liermann, R. Klett, C. Inman,
   S. Morley, B. Reichart, A. Robinson, and M. Ruckelshaus from the NWFSC,
   and T. Quinn from University of Washington. Funding was provided by the
   Cedar River Anadrornous Fish Commission; SPU; the NWFSC; Washington Sea
   Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Award Number NA040AR4170032 and
   Project Number R/F-148; and the Smith College-NOAA internship program.
NR 63
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 5
U2 68
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1535-1459
EI 1535-1467
J9 RIVER RES APPL
JI River Res. Appl.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 4
BP 438
EP 452
DI 10.1002/rra.1174
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 447IY
UT WOS:000266186000006
ER

PT J
AU Permyakov, PA
   Burkanov, VN
AF Permyakov, P. A.
   Burkanov, V. N.
TI Interactions between killer whales (Orcinus orca) and Steller sea lions
   (Eumetopias jubatus) in the vicinity of Brat Chirpoev Island, Kuril
   Islands
SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Steller sea lion; killer whale; predator-prey; hunting behavior;
   defensive tactics
ID BEHAVIOR; DECLINE; ALASKA; NUMBER
AB The behaviors of breeding Steller sea lions in response to encounters with killer whales near the shore were observed on Brat Chirpoev Island, Kuril Islands between May and July 2002-2007. Approaches by killer whales and sea lion behavior was observed visually and recorded. Killer whales approached the rookery 104 times during the entire period of observations (289 days). In most cases (n = 95), beached sea lions did not show any apparent reactions to the presence of killer whales, and there were no observed interactions. Sea lions showed agitation during nine of the approaches; five of these events were considered to be predation attempts. The killer whales attacked the sea lions three times, however all the attacks were unsuccessful. We recorded two different types of responses towards the killer whales: (1) beaching on the shore (three times) and (2) mass exodus from the rookery with subsequent formation of a tight, actively swimming and vocalizing group (six times). The latter is the first recorded observation of this behavior for Steller sea lions. The observation suggests a low degree of interactions between these two species near the studied rookery. Despite the numerous observations of killer whales near the rookery, there were no observations of direct predation on sea lions. It is likely the killer whale predation has little or no direct impact on the Steller sea lion population on Brat Chirpoev Islands during the breeding period.
C1 [Permyakov, P. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Oceanol Inst, Far Eastern Branch, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
   [Burkanov, V. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia.
   [Burkanov, V. N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Permyakov, PA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Oceanol Inst, Far Eastern Branch, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
EM ampermax@mail.ru; Vladimir.Burkanov@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory (AFSC/NMFS/NOAA); Alaska SeaLife
   Center, USA.
FX The authors are sincerely grateful to V.S. Dyachkov, V.V. Koscheev, and
   P.G. Parshut for the assistance they rendered during observations, as
   well as to V.A. Burkanova, E. Gurarie, Ye.G. Mamaev, V.V. Melnikov, A.M.
   Trukhin, and T.S. Shulezhko for valuable discussions and help.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 17
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1063-0740
J9 RUSS J MAR BIOL +
JI Russ. J. Mar. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 3
BP 255
EP 258
DI 10.1134/S1063074009030109
PG 4
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 469RA
UT WOS:000267916400010
ER

PT J
AU Newbury, DE
AF Newbury, Dale E.
TI Mistakes Encountered During Automatic Peak Identification of Minor and
   Trace Constituents in Electron-Excited Energy Dispersive X-Ray
   Microanalysis
SO SCANNING
LA English
DT Article
DE energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry; automatic peak identification;
   peak fitting; qualitative analysis; scanning electron microscopy; trace
   elements; X-ray microanalysis
AB Automated peak identification in electron beam-excited X-ray microanalysis with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry has been shown to be subject to occasional mistakes even on well-separated, high-intensity peaks arising from major constituents (arbitrarily defined as a concentration, C, which exceeds a mass fraction of 0.1). The peak identification problem becomes even more problematic for constituents present at minor (0.01 <= C <= 0.1) and trace (C<0.01) levels. "Problem elements" subject to misidentification as major constituents are even more vulnerable to misidentifcation when present at low concentrations in the minor and trace ranges. Additional misidentifications attributed to trace elements include minor X-ray family members associated with major constituents but not assigned properly, escape and coincidence peaks associated with major constituents, and false peaks owing to chance groupings of counts in spectra with poor counting statistics. A strategy for robust identification of minor and trace elements can be based on application of automatic peak identification with careful inspection of the results followed by multiple linear least-squares peak fitting with complete peak references to systematically remove each identified major element from the spectrum before attempting to assign remaining peaks to minor and trace constituents. SCANNING 31: 91-101, 2009. (dagger)Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dale.newbury@nist.gov
NR 7
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 11
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0161-0457
J9 SCANNING
JI Scanning
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2009
VL 31
IS 3
BP 91
EP 101
DI 10.1002/sca.20151
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy
GA 476GF
UT WOS:000268426100001
PM 19533682
ER

PT J
AU Willis, Z
   Jensen, R
   Burnett, W
AF Willis, Zdenka
   Jensen, Robert
   Burnett, William
TI The First National Operational Wave Observation Plan A Comprehensive
   Surface-Wave Monitoring Network That Addresses the Requirements of the
   Maritime User Community
SO SEA TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Willis, Zdenka] NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   [Jensen, Robert] USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
   [Burnett, William] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA.
RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program, Silver Spring, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA
SN 0093-3651
J9 SEA TECHNOL
JI Sea Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 50
IS 5
BP 41
EP 45
PG 5
WC Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA 450VT
UT WOS:000266430000006
ER

PT J
AU de Koning, CA
   Pizzo, VJ
   Biesecker, DA
AF de Koning, Curt A.
   Pizzo, V. J.
   Biesecker, D. A.
TI Geometric Localization of CMEs in 3D Space Using STEREO Beacon Data:
   First Results
SO SOLAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB The geometric localization technique (Pizzo and Biesecker, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, 21802, 2004) can readily be used with Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) Space Weather Beacon data to observe coronal mass ejection (CME) propagation within three-dimensional space in near-real time. This technique is based upon simple triangulation concepts and utilizes a series of lines of sight from two space-based observatories to determine gross characteristics of CMEs, such as location and velocity. Since this work is aimed at space weather applications, the emphasis is on use of COR2 coronagraph data, which has a field of view from 2.5R (aS (TM)) to 15R (aS (TM)); this spatial coverage allows us to observe the early temporal development of a CME, and hence to calculate its velocity, even for very fast CMEs. We apply this technique to highly-compressed COR2 beacon images for several CMEs at various spacecraft separation angles: 21 August 2007, when the separation angle between the two spacecraft was 26A degrees; 31 December 2007 and 2 January 2008, when the separation angle was 44A degrees; and 17 October 2008, when the spacecraft separation was 79A degrees. We present results on the speed and direction of propagation for these events and discuss the error associated with this technique. We also compare our results to the two-dimensional plane-of-sky speeds calculated from STEREO and SOHO.
C1 [de Koning, Curt A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [de Koning, Curt A.; Pizzo, V. J.; Biesecker, D. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP de Koning, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM curt.a.dekoning@noaa.gov
FU NASA [NNH05AB491]
FX The research at NOAA/SWPC was supported by NASA Living With a Star TR&T
   grant No. NNH05AB491. This paper uses data from the CACTus CME catalog,
   generated and maintained by the SIDC at the Royal Observatory of
   Belgium. This paper also uses data from the SEEDS CME catalog, generated
   and maintained by the Space Weather Laboratory at George Mason
   University. The LASCO CME catalog referred to in this paper is generated
   and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic
   University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory.
   SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.
NR 16
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0038-0938
J9 SOL PHYS
JI Sol. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 256
IS 1-2
BP 167
EP 181
DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9344-7
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 438OC
UT WOS:000265563900011
ER

PT J
AU Webb, DF
   Howard, TA
   Fry, CD
   Kuchar, TA
   Odstrcil, D
   Jackson, BV
   Bisi, MM
   Harrison, RA
   Morrill, JS
   Howard, RA
   Johnston, JC
AF Webb, D. F.
   Howard, T. A.
   Fry, C. D.
   Kuchar, T. A.
   Odstrcil, D.
   Jackson, B. V.
   Bisi, M. M.
   Harrison, R. A.
   Morrill, J. S.
   Howard, R. A.
   Johnston, J. C.
TI Study of CME Propagation in the Inner Heliosphere: SOHO LASCO, SMEI and
   STEREO HI Observations of the January 2007 Events
SO SOLAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Coronal mass ejections; Corona; Interplanetary plasma
ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION; IMAGER SMEI;
   MISSION; SUN; DISTURBANCES; BRIGHTNESS; VELOCITIES; TRANSIENT; SECCHI
AB We are investigating the geometric and kinematic characteristics of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) using data obtained by the LASCO coronagraphs, the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI), and the SECCHI imaging experiments on the STEREO spacecraft. The early evolution of CMEs can be tracked by the LASCO C2 and C3 and SECCHI COR1 and COR2 coronagraphs, and the HI and SMEI instruments can track their ICME counterparts through the inner heliosphere. The HI fields of view (4 -aEuro parts per thousand 90A degrees) overlap with the SMEI field of view (> 20A degrees to all sky) and, thus, both instrument sets can observe the same ICME. In this paper we present results for ICMEs observed on 24 -aEuro parts per thousand 29 January 2007, when the STEREO spacecraft were still near Earth so that both the SMEI and STEREO views of large ICMEs in the inner heliosphere coincided. These results include measurements of the structural and kinematic evolution of two ICMEs and comparisons with drive/drag kinematic, 3D tomographic reconstruction, the HAFv2 kinematic, and the ENLIL MHD models. We find it encouraging that the four model runs generally were in agreement on both the kinematic evolution and appearance of the events. Because it is essential to understand the effects of projection across large distances, that are not generally crucial for events observed closer to the Sun, we discuss our analysis procedure in some detail.
C1 [Webb, D. F.; Kuchar, T. A.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA.
   [Webb, D. F.; Kuchar, T. A.; Johnston, J. C.] Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA.
   [Howard, T. A.] Natl Solar Observ, AF Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA.
   [Fry, C. D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL USA.
   [Odstrcil, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Odstrcil, D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Jackson, B. V.; Bisi, M. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Harrison, R. A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Space Phys Div, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
   [Morrill, J. S.; Howard, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
RP Webb, DF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA.
EM david.webb@hanscom.af.mil
RI Bisi, Mario/C-6376-2009
FU Air Force; University of Birmingham; NASA [NNG05GG45G, NNGO5GF98G];
   AFOSR [F49620-02C-0015]; AFRL [FA9550-06-1-0107, FA8718-06-C-0015,
   F61775-02-WE043]; NSF [ATM-0331513]; AURA [C10562N]; Navy grants
   [N00173-01-1-G013, N00173-07-1-G016]; AFOSR/MURI; NASA/LWS; NSF/CISM
FX We acknowledge P. P. Hick and A. Buffington for their efforts in the
   calibration and processing of SMEI data at UCSD. We thank C. Eyles of
   the University of Birmingham, UK, for SECCHI HI data, J. Davies of the
   Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for HI image processing, and V. Kunkel of
   NRL for SECCHI distance-time measurements. SMEI is a collaborative
   project of the US Air Force Research Laboratory, NASA, the University of
   California at San Diego, the University of Birmingham, UK, Boston
   College, and Boston University. Financial support has been provided by
   the Air Force, the University of Birmingham, and NASA. The Heliospheric
   Imager (HI) instrument was developed by a collaboration that included
   the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the University of Birmingham,
   both in the United Kingdom, the Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL), Belgium,
   and the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington DC, USA. The
   STEREO/SECCHI project is an international consortium of the Naval
   Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab
   (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton
   Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur
   Sonnen-systemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatial de Liege (Belgium),
   Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), and Institut
   d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). We also acknowledge use of the CME
   catalog that is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA
   and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval
   Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation
   between ESA and NASA. This work was supported for each coauthor by these
   sources: T. A. H. by the National Research Council Fellowship Program,
   funded by AFOSR contract F49620-02C-0015; B. V. J. and M. M. B. at UCSD
   by AFRL contract FA9550-06-1-0107, NSF grant ATM-0331513 and NASA grant
   NNG05GG45G; D. F. W., T. A. K. and D. R. M. at Boston College by AFRL
   contract FA8718-06-C-0015; S. J. T. under contract F61775-02-WE043 to
   the University of Birmingham; and C. D. F. at EXPI by AURA contract
   C10562N. D. F. W., T. A. H. and B. V. J. also were supported by NASA
   grant NNGO5GF98G, and D. F. W. by Navy grants N00173-01-1-G013 and
   N00173-07-1-G016. D.O. was supported by AFOSR/MURI, NASA/LWS, and
   NSF/CISM grants.
NR 60
TC 45
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0038-0938
J9 SOL PHYS
JI Sol. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 256
IS 1-2
BP 239
EP 267
DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9351-8
PG 29
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 438OC
UT WOS:000265563900015
ER

PT J
AU Millican, JN
   Phelan, D
   Thomas, EL
   Leao, JB
   Carpenter, E
AF Millican, Jasmine N.
   Phelan, Daniel
   Thomas, Evan L.
   Leao, Juscelino B.
   Carpenter, Elisabeth
TI Pressure-induced effects on the structure of the FeSe superconductor
SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Superconductors; Crystal structure and symmetry; Phase transitions;
   Neutron scattering
ID 43 K
AB A polycrystalline sample of FeSe, which adopts the tetragonal PbO-type structure (P(4)/nmm) at room temperature, has been prepared using solid state reaction. We have investigated pressure-induced structural changes in tetragonal FeSe at varying hydrostatic pressures up to 0.6 GPa in the orthorhombic (T = 50 K) and tetragonal (T = 190 K) phases using high resolution neutron powder diffraction. We report that the structure is quite compressible with a Bulk modulus approximate to 31 GPa to 33 GPa and that the pressure response is anisotropic with a larger compressibility along the c-axis. Key bond angles of the SeFe(4) pyramids and FeSe(4) tetrahedra are also determined as a function of pressure. Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Millican, Jasmine N.; Phelan, Daniel; Leao, Juscelino B.; Carpenter, Elisabeth] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Thomas, Evan L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Millican, JN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jasmine.millican@nist.gov
NR 20
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 6
U2 44
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-1098
J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN
JI Solid State Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 149
IS 17-18
BP 707
EP 710
DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2009.02.011
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 440WJ
UT WOS:000265730100012
ER

PT J
AU Seah, MP
   Unger, WES
   Wang, H
   Jordaan, W
   Gross, T
   Dura, JA
   Moon, DW
   Totarong, P
   Krumrey, M
   Hauert, R
   Mo, ZQ
AF Seah, M. P.
   Unger, W. E. S.
   Wang, Hai
   Jordaan, W.
   Gross, Th.
   Dura, J. A.
   Moon, Dae Won
   Totarong, P.
   Krumrey, M.
   Hauert, R.
   Mo Zhiqiang
TI Ultra-thin SiO2 on Si IX: absolute measurements of the amount of silicon
   oxide as a thickness of SiO2 on Si
SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE attenuation length; calibration; silicon dioxide; thickness; ultra-thin
   oxide
ID X-RAY REFLECTOMETRY; GAS-ADSORPTION; XPS; FILMS; ELLIPSOMETRY;
   LINEARITY; STANDARDS; ACCURACY; SURFACES
AB Results from a study conducted between National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) for the measurements of the absolute thicknesses of ultra-thin layers Of SiO2 on Si are reported. These results are from a key comparison and associated pilot study under the auspices of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance. 'Amount of substance' may be expressed in many ways, and here the measurand is the thickness of the silicon oxide layers with nominal thicknesses in the range 1.5-8 nm on Si substrates, expressed as the thickness Of SiO2. Separate samples were provided to each institute in containers that limited the carbonaceous contamination to approximately < 0.3 nm. The SiO2 samples were of ultra-thin on (100) and (111) orientated wafers of Si. The measurements from the laboratories which participated in the study were conducted using ellipsometry, neutron reflectivity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy or X-ray reflectivity, guided by the protocol developed in an earlier pilot study. A very minor correction was made in the different samples that each laboratory received. Where appropriate, method offset values attributed to the effects of contaminations, from the earlier pilot study, were subtracted. Values for the key comparison reference values (agreed best values from a Consultative Committee study) and their associated uncertainties for these samples are then made from the weighted means and the expanded weighted standard deviations of the means of these data. These results show a dramatic improvement on previous comparisons, leading to 95% uncertainties in the range 0.09-0.27 nm, equivalent to 0.4-1.0 monolayers over the 1.5-8.0 nm nominal thickness range studied. If the sample-to-sample uncertainty is reduced from its maximum estimate to the most likely value, these uncertainties reduce to 0.05-0.25 nm or similar to 1.4% relative standard uncertainties. The best results achieve similar to 1% relative standard uncertainty. It is concluded that XPS has now been made fully traceable to the SI, for ultra-thin thermal SiO2 on Si layers, by calibration using wavelength methods in an approach that may be extended to other material systems. (C) Crown copyright 2009. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Seah, M. P.] Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
   [Unger, W. E. S.; Gross, Th.] Bundesanstalt Mat Forsch & Pruefung, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
   [Wang, Hai] NRCCRM, Physicochem & Chem Engn Div, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
   [Jordaan, W.] Natl Metrol Inst S Africa Surface & Microanal, ZA-0040 Pretoria, South Africa.
   [Dura, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Moon, Dae Won] KRISS, Div Chem Metrol & Mat Evaluat, Taejon 305600, South Korea.
   [Totarong, P.] NIMT, Klongluang 12120, Pathumthanee, Thailand.
   [Totarong, P.] Minist Sci & Technol, Natl Sci & Technol Dev Agcy, Ctr Microelect, Natl Elect & Comp Technol Ctr, Amphur Mueng Chachoengsa 24000, Thailand.
   [Krumrey, M.] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
   [Hauert, R.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res EMPA, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
   [Mo Zhiqiang] PSB Corp, Chem & Mat, Singapore 118221, Singapore.
RP Seah, MP (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
EM martin.seah@npl.co.uk
RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Krumrey, Michael/G-6295-2011; Unger,
   Wolfgang/A-9317-2009; 
OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Unger, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7670-4042;
   Hauert, Roland/0000-0001-6154-9337
NR 31
TC 15
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0142-2421
J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL
JI Surf. Interface Anal.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 41
IS 5
BP 430
EP 439
DI 10.1002/sia.3045
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 438GB
UT WOS:000265542800013
ER

PT J
AU Tatara, CP
   Riley, SC
   Scheurer, JA
AF Tatara, Christopher P.
   Riley, Stephen C.
   Scheurer, Julie A.
TI Growth, Survival, and Habitat Use of Naturally Reared and Hatchery
   Steelhead Fry in Streams: Effects of an Enriched Hatchery Rearing
   Environment
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MIGRATING JUVENILE SALMONIDS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SPRING CHINOOK
   SALMON; DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; POSTRELEASE
   SURVIVAL; WASHINGTON STREAMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN
   TROUT
AB After hatchery-reared salmonids are released into file Wild. their Survival and performance are frequently lower than those of wild conspecifies. Additionally, negative effects of hatchery fish oil wild fish are cited as factors affecting the recovery of salmonid populations. Alternative hatchery rearing environments and release practices have been proposed to mitigate both problems. We investigated the postrelease growth, Survival, habitat use, and spatial distribution of hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss fry reared in convention at and enriched environments and compared their performance with thin of naturally reared steelhead try horn the same parent Population in two streams. Average instantaneous growth rates differed between streams bill not among file three rearing groups. The survival of naturally reared fry was significantly greater than that of both types of hatchery fry (relative survival = 0.33) but did not differ between the, conventional and enriched environments. Naturally reared fry grew and survived equally well regardless of the type of hatchery fry with which they were stocked. Supplementation increased Cry population size in all stream sections but produced hatchery-biased Populations. Steelhead fry preferred pool habitat within stream Sections, but Pool use was affected by all interaction between rearing environment and stream. Hatchery fry had more clumped spatial distributions than naturally reared fry, Which were affected by a significant interaction between rearing type and stream. Hatchery rearing type and stream had no effect on the spatial distribution of naturally reared fry. We conclude that (1) hatchery, steelhead fry released in streams grow as well as naturally reared fry but do not survive as well, (2) enriched hatchery environments do not improve postrelease growth or survival, and (3) upon release, fry raised in enriched hatchery environments affect the growth and survival of naturally reared Cry in much the same way as fry reared in conventional hatchery environments.
C1 [Tatara, Christopher P.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
   [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
   [Scheurer, Julie A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Tatara, CP (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM chris.p.tatara@noaa.gov
NR 57
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 15
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 3
BP 441
EP 457
DI 10.1577/T07-260.1
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EJ
UT WOS:000268501100001
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, DR
   Perry, HM
   Lyczkowski-Shultz, J
   Hanisko, D
AF Johnson, Donald R.
   Perry, Harriet M.
   Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne
   Hanisko, David
TI Red Snapper Larval Transport in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF;
   MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CIRCULATION; MOVEMENT; HABITAT; PLUME
AB This study examines the advection of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus larvae in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The potential for repopulating the eastern Gulf stock through larval transport from the more populous western stock is addressed. Transport pathways across topographic features that inhibit alongshelf flow (e.g., the Mississippi River delta. DeSoto Canyon, and the Apalachicola peninsula) and interregional larval transport are considered. An advective field of currents is developed front a large database of drifter and moored Currents. augmented by an operational model to fill gaps. The starting points for larval transport are the locations and day of the year of larval captures from the Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment program ichthyoplankton surveys. Because the Field Of Currents is derived front near-surface observations and the depth distribution of larvae is uncertain. findings are expressed in terms of maximal transport pathways. Transport pathways were principally vectored toward the west during September. October, and May under the influence of relatively strong climatological westward wind stress. Eastward pathways Occurred in June. July. and August under the influence of weaker shoreward wind stress. Westward transport pathways past the Mississippi delta were found near the delta. whereas eastward transport pathways were found in deeper waters beyond the continental shelf break, away front typical juvenile settlement habitat. Water movement front east to west across the Apalachicola peninsula occurred in the fall. suggesting the potential for genetic exchange front the eastern to the western Gulf. Eastward water movement across the Apalachicola peninsula occurred in July. but only along the outer shelf.
C1 [Johnson, Donald R.; Perry, Harriet M.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
   [Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne; Hanisko, David] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA.
RP Johnson, DR (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
EM donald.r.johnson@usm.edu
FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Southeastern Regional Office
FX We gratefully acknowledge funding for this study from the Marine
   Fisheries Initiative program of the National Marine Fisheries Service's
   Southeastern Regional Office. The Study would not have been possible
   without the generous contributions of data from a number of research
   scientists. Many of the Current observations are from several large
   Minerals Management Service (MMS) projects in the northern Gulf Of
   Mexico. We would especially like to acknowledge W. Johnson (MMS) and P.
   Niiler (Scripps Institution of Oceanography). Other programs involved
   Florida State University and the University of South Florida. Drifter
   and moored current data were provided by J. Blaha. C. Szczechowski, and
   S. Dinnel (Naval Oceanographic Office). Research scientists at Texas A&M
   and Louisiana State universities contributed ton CD-ROM data set that is
   available through the National Oceanographic Data Center. We are
   grateful to J. Waters and D. Carter (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration) for discussions Oil the impact of recreational
   fisheries. Finally, we acknowledge L. Kantha, who has,generously Shared
   his Model data archive for several different fisheries Studies,
   including this one.
NR 33
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 3
BP 458
EP 470
DI 10.1577/T08-008.1
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EJ
UT WOS:000268501100002
ER

PT J
AU Moss, JH
   Farley, EV
   Feldmann, AM
   Ianelli, JN
AF Moss, Jamal H.
   Farley, Edward V., Jr.
   Feldmann, Angela M.
   Ianelli, James N.
TI Spatial Distribution, Energetic Status, and Food Habits of Eastern
   Bering Sea Age-0 Walleye Pollock
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID EARLY MARINE GROWTH; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PELAGIC
   ECOSYSTEM; CLASS STRENGTH; SALMON; SIZE; ALASKA; SHELF; ZOOPLANKTON
AB Age-0 walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma were collected from the eastern Bering Sea during years when ocean temperatures were anomalously warm (2004-2005) and cool (2006-2007). Variability in spatial distribution, food habits, energetic condition, and recruitment to the age-1 life stage was investigated in relation to thermal regime. Age-0 walleye pollock were large in size and widely distributed during warm years, whereas they were small and largely confined to the middle domain of the eastern Bering Sea during cool years. Energy density as positively correlated with body weight and was greater during years when conditions were anomalously cool. The proportion of smaller age-0 walleye pollock in the diet of larger individuals was high when conditions were warm (21.9% of diet by weight), and euphausiids were the most important prey (36.5% of diet by weight) when conditions were cool. Eastern Bering Sea age-0 walleye pollock were abundant and broadly distributed from Bristol Bay to offshore and northern locations during warm years: during cool years, age-0 fish were less abundant and their distribution was constricted to the southeastern Bering Sea. An inverse relationship between brood year abundance and survival from age 0 to age 1 was found. Our results indicate that when spring (summer) sea temperatures on the eastern Bering, Sea shelf are very warm and when the water column is highly stratified during summer, age-0 walleye pollock allocate more energy to growth than to lipid storage. leading to low energy density before winter and thus to higher overwinter mortality.
C1 [Moss, Jamal H.; Farley, Edward V., Jr.; Feldmann, Angela M.] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
   [Ianelli, James N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Moss, JH (reprint author), Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM jamal.moss@noaa.gov
NR 46
TC 42
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 3
BP 497
EP 505
DI 10.1577/T08-126.1
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EJ
UT WOS:000268501100005
ER

PT J
AU Satterthwaite, WH
   Beakes, MP
   Collins, EM
   Swank, DR
   Merz, JE
   Titus, RG
   Sogard, SM
   Mangel, M
AF Satterthwaite, William H.
   Beakes, Michael P.
   Collins, Erin M.
   Swank, David R.
   Merz, Joseph E.
   Titus, Robert G.
   Sogard, Susan M.
   Mangel, Marc
TI Steelhead Life History on California's Central Coast: Insights from a
   State-Dependent Model
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; KEOGH
   RIVER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; SEXUAL-MATURATION;
   RAINBOW-TROUT; SMOLT SIZE; GROWTH
AB Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss display a dizzying array of lite history variation (including the purely resident form, rainbow trout), We developed a model for female steelhead in coastal California (close to the southern boundary of their range) in small coastal streams. We combined proximate (physiological) and ultimate (expected reproductive success) considerations to generalize the notion of a threshold size for emigration or maturity through the development of a state-dependent life history theory. The model involves strategies that depend on age, size or condition, and recent rates of change in size or condition during specific periods (decision windows) in advance of the actual smolting or spawning event. This is the first study in which such a model is fully parameterized based oil data collected entirely front California steelhead populations, the majority of data coming from two watersheds the rnouths of whose rivers are separated by less than 8 kin along the coast of Santa Cruz County. We predicted the occurrence of resident life histories and the distribution of sizes and ages at smolting for steelhead rearing in the upstream habitats of these streams. We compared these predictions with empirical results and show that the theory call explain the observed pattern and variation.
C1 [Satterthwaite, William H.; Beakes, Michael P.; Swank, David R.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Beakes, Michael P.; Swank, David R.; Sogard, Susan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
   [Collins, Erin M.; Titus, Robert G.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA.
   [Merz, Joseph E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Merz, Joseph E.] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, CA 95603 USA.
RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM satterth@darwin.ucsc.edu
FU CALFED Science Program [SCI-05-140, U-05-SC-40]
FX This material is based upon work Supported by the CALFED Science Program
   Under grant SCI-05-140, grantee agreement U-05-SC-40. Any opinions,
   findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material
   are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
   CALFED Science Program. We also thank S. Hayes, M. Bond, and C. Hanson
   for sharing Unpublished data and ideas and B. Ward for helpful
   discussions.
NR 64
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 3
BP 532
EP 548
DI 10.1577/T08-164.1
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EJ
UT WOS:000268501100008
ER

PT J
AU Sogard, SM
   Williams, TH
   Fish, H
AF Sogard, Susan M.
   Williams, Thomas H.
   Fish, Heidi
TI Seasonal Patterns of Abundance, Growth, and Site Fidelity of Juvenile
   Steelhead in a Small Coastal California Stream
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; POPULATION-DENSITY;
   FOOD-CONSUMPTION; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SURVIVAL; SIZE; TERRESTRIAL;
   TEMPERATURE; RIVER
AB Populations of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss throughout the central California coast are currently listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. To better understand demographic processes during the juvenile freshwater stage. we quantified abundance, movement, and growth of juvenile steelhead among five reaches in it primary spawning area of Soquel Creek. We used mark-recapture methods to examine seasonal, density-dependent. and size-dependent patterns in these Population metrics. Many trends were stronger in age-0 fish than in age-I and older fish. Estimated survival and retention Within it reach were generally highest ill summer and lowest in winter-spring. Density dependence was evident only in age-0 fish. with lower survival Occurring an higher densities. Survival was typically size-dependent. with lower survival of smaller fish in both age-classes. Immigration. based oil movement of untagged fish into our sites between sampling periods. wits higher in winter-spring compared With summer and fall. Immigration was generally independent of density but was size-dependent, with smaller fish more liked, to move than larger fish. Average growth rates were low, rarely exceeding 0.3 mm/d. Growth was fastest in winter-spring, potentially it function of higher flow rates and increased food availability. Growth was generally size-dependent, with smaller fish growing faster than larger fish, A negative effect of fish density on growth was apparent only for age-0 fish in summer. High site fidelity was evident in high recapture rates of tagged fish. Recaptures over periods of up to 4 years Suggested likely expression of a nonanadromous life history by some individuals. The growth rates in this system suggest that fish rearing in upstream habitats cannot undergo smoltification and emigrate until they are at least age 2. Our results provide it valuable baseline of demographic patterns for juvenile steelhead in representative freshwater habitat of the Central California Coast steellhead Distinct population segment.
C1 [Sogard, Susan M.; Williams, Thomas H.; Fish, Heidi] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95066 USA.
RP Sogard, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95066 USA.
EM susan.sogard@noaa.gov
NR 44
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 5
U2 27
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 3
BP 549
EP 563
DI 10.1577/T08-172.1
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EJ
UT WOS:000268501100009
ER

PT J
AU O'Neill, SM
   West, JE
AF O'Neill, Sandra M.
   West, James E.
TI Marine Distribution, Life History Traits, and the Accumulation of
   Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chinook Salmon from Puget Sound, Washington
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; LAKE-MICHIGAN
   SALMONIDS; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
   ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; KILLER WHALES; BALTIC SEA;
   GLOBAL FRACTIONATION
AB Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels and the factors affecting PCB accumulation in subadult and maturing Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from Puget Sound were characterized. Specifically, we (1) determined PCB levels in Chinook salmon from Puget Sound and compared them with levels in Chinook salmon front other West Coast populations, (2) determined whether PCB accumulation mainly occurred in the freshwater or marine habitats, and (3) quantified the relative importance of fish age, fish size (fork length), lipid content. and saltwater age (the number of winters spent in saltwater) on PCB concentration. The average PCB concentration measured in skinless muscle tissue samples of subadult and maturing Chinook salmon collected from Puget Sound was 53 ng/g (wet weight), which was 3-5 times higher than those measured in six other populations of Chinook salmon on the West Coast of North America. Concentrations in the Puget Sound samples varied from 10 to 220 ng/g. A comparison of PCB body burdens between subyearling smolts and returning adults revealed that almost all of the PCBs (>96%) were accumulated in the marine habitats. Surprisingly. although PCBs were mostly accumulated in marine habitats. PCB exposure was lowest in the largest fish that spent the most little in saltwater. Collectively, saltwater age. fish size, and lipids only accounted for 37% of the observed variation in PCB concentration, indicating that some other attribute of the fish's marine ecology accounted for the variation in PCB levels among Puget Sound Chinook salmon and for their elevated PCB levels relative to other West Coast populations. We hypothesized that residency in the contaminated Puget Sound environment was a major factor contributing to the higher and more variable PCB concentrations in these fish. This hypothesis was supported with an independent data set from a fishery assessment model, which estimated that 29% of subyearling Chinook-salmon and 45% of yearling out-migrants from Puget Sound displayed resident behavior.
C1 [O'Neill, Sandra M.; West, James E.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM sandie.oneill@noaa.gov
NR 83
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 5
U2 31
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 3
BP 616
EP 632
DI 10.1577/T08-003.1
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EJ
UT WOS:000268501100014
ER

PT J
AU Sturdevant, MV
   Sigler, MF
   Orsi, JA
AF Sturdevant, M. V.
   Sigler, M. F.
   Orsi, J. A.
TI Sablefish Predation on Juvenile Pacific Salmon in the Coastal Marine
   Waters of Southeast Alaska in 1999
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Review
ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; WHITING MERLANGIUS-MERLANGUS; PINK
   ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA PALLAS; SIZE-SELECTIVE
   MORTALITY; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GASTRIC EVACUATION; CHUM SALMON; DAILY
   RATION; COHO SALMON
AB A1-sea observations of predation by age-1 and older (age-1+) sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria oil juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. were combined with laboratory studies to determine gastric evacuation rates and were used to estimate summer predation impact in file northern region of Southeast Alaska. In June and July 1999, tip to 63% of sablefish examined from trawl catches in strait habitat had each consumed one to four juvenile pink salmon O. gorbuscha, chum salmon O. keta, or sockeye salmon O. nerka. In two laboratory experiments, field-captured sablefish were acclimated without food in compartmentalized flow-through tanks with conditions manipulated to reflect the photoperiod and temperature regimes of summer. These sablefish were each offered one whole, preweighed juvenile chum salmon: Consumption events were observed, and the sablefish were then sacrificed at predetermined time intervals. Prey biomass remaining in the stomach of each sablefish predator was weighed, and all exponential model of the decline in percent biomass over time was used to yield instantaneous evacuation rates of 0.049 at 12 degrees C and 0.027 at 7 degrees C. From field data combined with model-derived estimates of meal frequency, we estimated that 0.8-6.0 million juvenile salmon were Consumed by age-1+ sablefish in the 500-km(2) area of Icy Strait during a 33-d period. Moreover, a 10-year time series of catches indicated that 1999 was a year of unusually high age-1+ sablefish abundance and relatively low juvenile salmon abundance. We speculate that sablefish predation in 1999 Could have affected abundance of out-migrating juveniles and contributed to low harvests Of returning, adult pink salmon in 2000 and adult churn salmon in 2002. Our results suggest that sablefish predation oil juvenile Pacific salmon call occur during episodic strong year-classes of sablefish and may affect adult salmon returns.
C1 [Sturdevant, M. V.; Sigler, M. F.; Orsi, J. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Sturdevant, MV (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM molly.sturdevant@noaa.gov
NR 126
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 3
BP 675
EP 691
DI 10.1577/T08-157.1
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EJ
UT WOS:000268501100019
ER

PT J
AU Moore, MJ
   Bogomolni, AL
   Dennison, SE
   Early, G
   Garner, MM
   Hayward, BA
   Lentell, BJ
   Rotstein, DS
AF Moore, M. J.
   Bogomolni, A. L.
   Dennison, S. E.
   Early, G.
   Garner, M. M.
   Hayward, B. A.
   Lentell, B. J.
   Rotstein, D. S.
TI Gas Bubbles in Seals, Dolphins, and Porpoises Entangled and Drowned at
   Depth in Gillnets
SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bubbles; computed tomography; dolphins; histopathology; necropsy;
   porpoises; seals
ID BEAKED-WHALES; NITROGEN TENSIONS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; MASS MORTALITY;
   FISHING GEAR; DIVES; CETACEANS; LESIONS; COLLAPSE; ENGLAND
AB Gas bubbles were found in 15 of 23 gillnet-drowned bycaught harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus), harbor (Phoca vitulina) and gray (Halichoerus grypus) seals, common (Delphinus delphis) and white-sided (Lagenorhyncus acutus) dolphins, and harbor porpoises (Phocaena phocaena) but in only I of 41 stranded marine mammals. Cases with minimal scavenging and bloating were chilled as practical and necropsied within 24 to 72 hours of collection. Bubbles were commonly visible grossly and histologically in bycaught cases. Affected tissues included lung, liver, heart, brain, skeletal muscle, gonad, lymph nodes, blood, intestine, pancreas, spleen, and eye. Computed tomography performed on 4 animals also identified gas bubbles in various tissues. Mean +/- SD net lead line depths (m) were 92 +/- 44 and ascent rates (ms(-1)) 0.3 +/- 0.2 for affected animals and 76 +/- 33 and 0.2 +/- 0.1, respectively, for unaffected animals. The relatively good carcass condition of these cases, comparable to 2 stranded cases that showed no gas formation on computed tomography (even after 3 days of refrigeration in one case), along with the histologic absence of bacteria and autolytic changes, indicate that peri- or postmortem phase change of supersaturated blood and tissues is most likely. Studies have suggested that under some circumstances, diving mammals are routinely supersaturated and that these mammals presumably manage gas exchange and decompression anatomically and behaviorally. This study provides a unique illustration of such supersaturated tissues. We suggest that greater attention be paid to the radiology and pathology of bycatch mortality as a possible model to better understand gas bubble disease in marine mammals.
C1 [Moore, M. J.; Bogomolni, A. L.; Early, G.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Dennison, S. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci Radiol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Garner, M. M.] NW ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98272 USA.
   [Hayward, B. A.; Lentell, B. J.] NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Rotstein, D. S.] Univ Tennessee, NOAA Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Rotstein, D. S.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Moore, MJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Mailstop 50, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM mmoore@whoi.edu
RI Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015
OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631
FU NOAA [NA05NOS4781247, 939-1680-00]; Office of Naval Research Award
   [N00014-08-1-1220]; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean Life
   Institute; MS Worthington Foundation; NOAA North East Region in
   Gloucester, MA, USA
FX We thank the many fishermen and NOAA Fisheries Observers and Observer
   Program staff who went to great trouble to bring these animals ashore
   and the Cape Cod Stranding Network for the beach-stranded cases. We also
   thank our colleagues of the WHOI CT scanner facility, Darlene Ketten,
   Julie Arruda, and Scott Cramer. We thank the Histopathology Department
   at the University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine
   Histopathology Laboratory, in particular Dee Stephenson, and the North
   Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine University Histopathology
   Laboratory. We also thank Judy St Leger and anonymous reviewers for
   valuable comments. This study was funded by NOAA Grant No.
   NA05NOS4781247, Office of Naval Research Award No. N00014-08-1-1220,
   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean Life Institute, and the MS
   Worthington Foundation. Samples from bycatch were collected under NOAA
   Permit 939-1680-00 and from stranded animals by authorization of the
   NOAA North East Region in Gloucester, MA, USA.
NR 41
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 44
PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0300-9858
J9 VET PATHOL
JI Vet. Pathol.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 3
BP 536
EP 547
DI 10.1354/vp.08-VP-0065-M-FL
PG 12
WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 443JY
UT WOS:000265907200023
PM 19176498
ER

PT J
AU Yoo, SJ
   Cypher, D
   Golmie, N
AF Yoo, Sang-Jo
   Cypher, David
   Golmie, Nada
TI Predictive link trigger mechanism for seamless handovers in
   heterogeneous wireless networks
SO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE seamless handover; link triggers; prediction; WLAN; WiMax; heterogeneous
   wireless networks
ID CHALLENGES
AB Effective and timely link-layer trigger mechanisms can significantly influence the handover performance. The handover process will not perform the correct decision and execution unless adequate and timely link-layer trigger information is delivered. In this paper, a predictive link trigger mechanism for seamless horizontal and vertical handovers in heterogeneous wireless networks is proposed. Unlike previous link trigger algorithms based on pre-defined signal level thresholds, the link layer triggers in this study are adaptively and timely fired in accordance with the network conditions. Firstly, the time required to perform a handover is estimated based on the neighboring network conditions. Secondly, the time to trigger a Link-Going-Down to initiate a handover is determined using a least mean square linear prediction in which the prediction interval (k(h)) is dynamically determined based oil the estimated handover time. An upper bound for the packet loss rate during a handover is derived for a Gaussian shadowing channel. A manner in which this approach can be applied to IEEE 802.21 is shown in media independent handover scenarios. Simulation results of the proposed predictive link triggering mechanism show that it provides a timely proactive handover. The packet loss rate observed in a Gaussian shadowing channel remains low during a handover. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C,
C1 [Yoo, Sang-Jo] Inha Univ, Inchon 402751, South Korea.
   [Cypher, David; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yoo, SJ (reprint author), Inha Univ, 253 Yonghyun Dong, Inchon 402751, South Korea.
EM sjyoo@inha.ac.kr
FU NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES)
FX This research was supported by the NIST/Office of Law Enforcement
   Standards (OLES).
NR 30
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1530-8669
J9 WIREL COMMUN MOB COM
JI Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 9
IS 5
BP 685
EP 703
DI 10.1002/wcm.620
PG 19
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical &
   Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 436RA
UT WOS:000265431200006
ER

PT J
AU Tapella, F
   Romero, MC
   Stevens, BG
   Buck, CL
AF Tapella, Federico
   Carolina Romero, M.
   Stevens, Bradley G.
   Buck, C. Loren
TI Substrate preferences and redistribution of blue king crab Paralithodes
   platypus glaucothoe and first crab on natural substrates in the
   laboratory
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Habitat selection; Lithodids; Stock enhancement
ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS MEGALOPAE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HABITAT SELECTION;
   SETTLING BEHAVIOR; AMERICAN LOBSTER; NURSERY HABITATS; CARCINUS-MAENAS;
   SETTLEMENT; CAMTSCHATICUS; RECRUITMENT
AB Despite the importance of blue king crab (BKC) to the Bering Sea fishery, there has been no detailed study of juvenile habitat preferences. Such information is critical for understanding life history and for development of stock enhancement programs. The aims of this study were to determine the natural substrata that glaucothoe prefer to settle on, and whether they or subsequent crab 1 stage (C1) redistribute to different habitats over time. A laboratory experiment was performed in 24 round containers divided in four equal quadrants each filled with one of the following natural substrata: beach sand, gravel, shells and cobble. Containers were assigned to 8 groups of 3 replicates each and were kept at similar to 6-8 degrees C. Twenty five glaucothoe were released in each container on day 0, and one group of three replicates was removed for examination at each of the following intervals: 24 h, 7,14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days. Numbers of swimming and settled specimens on each substrate and period were recorded. Glaucothoe began to settle immediately after being released since no swimming larvae were found during any sampling periods. Substrata complexity was important for the habitat selection and distribution of blue king crab glaucothoe and crab I stage. During the glaucothoe stage, beach sand was rejected and cobble, shell and gravel were chosen equally. After glaucothoe molted to crab 1 stage and became bigger, animals preferred cobble and shell instead of gravel and beach sand. Understanding habitat selection is useful not only for management of crab populations, but also for assessing the potential of various habitats for stock enhancement of blue king crabs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tapella, Federico; Carolina Romero, M.; Stevens, Bradley G.] Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
   [Buck, C. Loren] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
RP Tapella, F (reprint author), CADIC, CONICET, Houssay 200,V9410CAB, Ushuaia, Tierra Fuego, Argentina.
EM ftapella@gmail.com
FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [R0507]
FX We are grateful to S. Persselin, S. Van Sant and K. Swiney for
   laboratory assistance and to those people from the Kodiak Fisheries
   Research Center (KFRC) and the Fishery Industrial Technology Center
   (FITC) for their friendly relationship with MCR and Fr. This project was
   supported by grant N<SUP>o</SUP> R0507 from the North Pacific Research
   Board (NPRB) to CLB and BGS. We also wish to thank the University of
   Alaska Sea Grant Program for supplementary funding. MCR and Fr thank to
   Consejo Federal Pesquero and Gobierno of Tierra del Fuego from Argentina
   providing the air tickets from Ushuaia to Kodiak. [SS], [RH] and [ST].
NR 33
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD APR 30
PY 2009
VL 372
IS 1-2
BP 31
EP 35
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.02.003
PG 5
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 438JW
UT WOS:000265552700004
ER

PT J
AU Pillsbury, NR
   Muller, CW
   Meerts, WL
   Plusquellic, DF
   Zwier, TS
AF Pillsbury, Nathan R.
   Muller, Christian W.
   Meerts, W. Leo
   Plusquellic, David F.
   Zwier, Timothy S.
TI Conformational Effects on Excitonic Interactions in a Prototypical
   H-Bonded Bichromophore: Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-PHASE; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL ISOMERS; BUILDING-BLOCKS;
   PHENOL DIMER; MP2 ENERGY; SPECTRA; ISOMERIZATION; PREFERENCES; CRESOL
AB Laser-induced fluorescence, single-vibronic level fluorescence (SVLF), UV hole burning, and fluorescence dip infrared (FDIR) spectroscopy have been carried out on bis-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane in order to characterize the ground-state and first excited-state vibronic spectroscopy of this model flexible bichromophore. These studies identified the presence of two conformational isomers. The FDIR spectra in the OH-stretch region determine that conformer A is an OH center dot center dot center dot O H-bonded conformer, while conformer B is a doubly OH center dot center dot center dot pi H-bonded conformer with C(2) symmetry. High-resolution ultraviolet spectra (similar to 50 MHz resolution) of a series of vibronic bands of both conformers confirm and refine these assignments. The transition dipole moment (TDM) direction in conformer A is consistent with electronic excitation that is primarily localized on the donor phenol ring. A tentative assignment of the S(1) origin is made to a set of transitions similar to 400 cm(-1) above S(1). In conformer B, the TDM direction firmly establishes C(2) symmetry for the conformer in its S(1) state and establishes the electronic excitation as delocalized over the two rings, as the lower member of an excitonic pair. The S(2) state has not been clearly identified in the spectrum. Based on CIS calculations, the S(2) state is postulated to be several times weaker than S(1), making it difficult to identify, especially in the midst of overlap from vibronic bands due to conformer A. SVLF spectra show highly unusual vibronic intensity patterns, particularly in conformer B, which cannot be understood by simple harmonic Franck-Condon models, even in the presence of Duschinsky mixing. We postulate that these model flexible bichromophores have TDMs that are extraordinarily sensitive to the distance and orientation of the two aromatic rings, highlighting the need to map out the TDM surface and its dependence on the (up to) five torsional and bending coordinates in order to understand the observations.
C1 [Plusquellic, David F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biophys Grp, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Meerts, W. Leo] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Mol & Biophys Grp, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands.
   [Pillsbury, Nathan R.; Muller, Christian W.; Zwier, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Zwier, TS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biophys Grp, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.plusquellic@nist.gov; zwier@purdue.edu
RI Meerts, W. Leo/B-6172-2008
OI Meerts, W. Leo/0000-0001-6457-3797
FU Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical
   Sciences [DE-FG02-96ER14656]; "Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher
   Leopoldina" [BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159]
FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy Basic Energy
   Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences under Grant No.
   DE-FG02-96ER14656. D.F.P. would like to express thanks to Kevin O.
   Douglass for providing us with the MW data. N.R.P. acknowledges Purdue
   University and the Andrews family for the Frederick N. Andrews
   Fellowship. C.W.M. would like to thank the "Deutsche Akademie der
   Naturforscher Leopoldina" for a postdoctoral scholarship (grant number
   BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159 of the "Bundesministerium fur Bildung und
   Forschung").
NR 55
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD APR 30
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 17
BP 5000
EP 5012
DI 10.1021/jp8098686
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 438BB
UT WOS:000265529800026
PM 19348452
ER

PT J
AU Nikoobakht, B
   Eustis, S
   Herzing, A
AF Nikoobakht, Babak
   Eustis, Susie
   Herzing, Andrew
TI Strain-Driven Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanowires on Sapphire: Transition
   from Horizontal to Standing Growth
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID EPITAXY; ZNO; DEVICES
AB Recently, we showed large-scale fabrication of field-effect transistors from horizontal ZnO nanowires (NWs) on a-plane sapphire. Here, in examining the cross sections of such nanodevices, we use high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and large-angle, convergent-beam electron diffraction (LACBED). We show how horizontally grown ZnO NWs influence their underlying sapphire surface and how substrate influences the growth directionality of the NWs. As a NW grows on sapphire, the substrate experiences a compressive strain of approximate to 7% in its [0001](sap) direction (along the width of a NW) to minimize its lattice mismatch with the ZnO NW. Accordingly, ZnO expands along its width to improve its lattice match with the sapphire. The growth direction of (1 (1) over bar 00) is suggested to be the direction that produces a lower lattice strain between ZnO and sapphire. Analyses of NW/sapphire interfaces show that single-crystal NWs grow epitaxially and semicoherently with many fewer misfit dislocations than theoretically expected. We attribute the formation of fewer dislocations at the interface to local relaxation of zinc oxide strain into the sapphire surface. This relaxation is in agreement with the observed deformation of the sapphire underneath the NWs. We also define a critical NW thickness beyond which the growth mode changes from horizontal to standing. Results indicate that below this thickness, gold nanodroplets partially wet both sapphire and ZnO crystals. Above the critical thickness, gold preferentially wets the ZnO nanocrystal, and formation of misfit dislocations at the interface becomes energetically favorable. Combination of these two effects is used to explain the observed change in the growth modes of the NWs.
C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM babakn@nist.gov
RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012
NR 25
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 4
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD APR 30
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 17
BP 7031
EP 7037
DI 10.1021/jp810831z
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 438BA
UT WOS:000265529700024
ER

PT J
AU Laurenza, M
   Cliver, EW
   Hewitt, J
   Storini, M
   Ling, AG
   Balch, CC
   Kaiser, ML
AF Laurenza, M.
   Cliver, E. W.
   Hewitt, J.
   Storini, M.
   Ling, A. G.
   Balch, C. C.
   Kaiser, M. L.
TI A technique for short-term warning of solar energetic particle events
   based on flare location, flare size, and evidence of particle escape
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; III RADIO-BURSTS; X-RAY FLARES; PROTON EVENTS;
   MICROWAVE BURSTS; ACCELERATION; EMISSION; ELECTRON; DENSITY; SHOCKS
AB We have developed a technique to provide short-term warnings of solar energetic proton (SEP) events that meet or exceed the Space Weather Prediction Center threshold of J (>10 MeV) = 10 pr cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1). The method is based on flare location, flare size, and evidence of particle acceleration/escape as parameterized by flare longitude, time-integrated soft X-ray intensity, and time-integrated intensity of type III radio emission at similar to 1 MHz, respectively. In this technique, warnings are issued 10 min after the maximum of >= M2 soft X-ray flares. For the solar cycle 23 (1995-2005) data on which it was developed, the method has a probability of detection of 63% (47/75), a false alarm rate of 42% (34/81), and a median warning time of similar to 55 min for the 19 events successfully predicted by our technique for which SEP event onset times were provided by Posner (2007). These measures meet or exceed verification results for competing automated SEP warning techniques but, at the present stage of space weather forecasting, fall well short of those achieved with a human (aided by techniques such as ours) making the ultimate yes/no SEP event prediction. We give some suggestions as to how our method could be improved and provide our flare and SEP event database in the auxiliary material to facilitate quantitative comparisons with techniques developed in the future.
C1 [Laurenza, M.; Storini, M.] INAF, Inst Interplanetary Space Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
   [Balch, C. C.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Cliver, E. W.; Hewitt, J.] AFRL, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA.
   [Ling, A. G.] Atmospher Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
   [Kaiser, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Laurenza, M (reprint author), INAF, Inst Interplanetary Space Phys, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
EM monica.laurenza@ifsi-roma.inaf.it
FU ASI [I/090/06/0]; European Office of Aerospace Research and Development
FX Part of the work by M. L. and M. S. was performed under COST 724 Action
   and part under the ASI contract I/090/06/0. E. W. C. was supported
   through the Window on Europe program of the European Office of Aerospace
   Research and Development. We acknowledge a helpful discussion with Kent
   Doggett of the SWPC.
NR 71
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD APR 30
PY 2009
VL 7
AR S04008
DI 10.1029/2007SW000379
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
GA 440CQ
UT WOS:000265676400001
ER

PT J
AU Skripov, AV
   Udovic, TJ
   Cook, JC
   Hempelmann, R
   Rempel, AA
   Gusev, AI
AF Skripov, A. V.
   Udovic, T. J.
   Cook, J. C.
   Hempelmann, R.
   Rempel, A. A.
   Gusev, A. I.
TI Quasielastic neutron scattering study of hydrogen motion in NbC0.71H0.28
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBOHYDRIDES; DIFFRACTION
AB In order to study the mechanism and parameters of H jump motion in the nonstoichiometric Nb carbides, we have performed quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements for NbC0.71H0.28 over the temperature range 11-475 K. Our results indicate that about 30% of H atoms in this system participate in a fast diffusive motion. The temperature dependence of the corresponding H jump rate in the range 298-475 K follows the Arrhenius law with an activation energy of 328 +/- 9 meV. The Q dependence of the QENS data suggests that the observed jump motion corresponds to long-range diffusion of H atoms along chains of the off-centre sites in carbon vacancies.
C1 [Skripov, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia.
   [Udovic, T. J.; Cook, J. C.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Hempelmann, R.] Univ Saarland, Inst Phys Chem, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany.
   [Rempel, A. A.; Gusev, A. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Solid State Chem, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia.
RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia.
RI Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013
OI Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; NATO Linkage [HTECH LG
   973890]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [09-02-00159,
   09-03-00010]; Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural Division of the Russian
   Academy of Sciences
FX The authors are grateful to J Combet for assistance with the
   measurements at ILL. This work utilized facilities supported in part by
   the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0454672. This
   work was also supported by the NATO Linkage grant no. HTECH LG 973890,
   the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant nos. 09-02-00159 and
   09-03-00010), the Priority Programme 'Basics of Development of Energy
   Systems and Technologies' of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the
   Interdisciplinary Project 'Short- and Long-Range Order in
   Nonstoichiometric Transition Metal Carbides, Carbohydrides and Oxides:
   Neutron Scattering and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance' of the Ural Division
   of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD APR 29
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 17
AR 175410
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/17/175410
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 427LD
UT WOS:000264779900023
PM 21825425
ER

PT J
AU Dudowicz, J
   Douglas, JF
   Freed, KF
AF Dudowicz, Jacek
   Douglas, Jack F.
   Freed, Karl F.
TI Equilibrium polymerization models of re-entrant self-assembly
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ACTIN POLYMERIZATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; PEG
AB As is well known, liquid-liquid phase separation can occur either upon heating or cooling, corresponding to lower and upper critical solution phase boundaries, respectively. Likewise, self-assembly transitions from a monomeric state to an organized polymeric state can proceed either upon increasing or decreasing temperature, and the concentration dependent ordering temperature is correspondingly called the "floor" or "ceiling" temperature. Motivated by the fact that some phase separating systems exhibit closed loop phase boundaries with two critical points, the present paper analyzes self-assembly analogs of re-entrant phase separation, i.e., re-entrant self-assembly. In particular, re-entrant self-assembly transitions are demonstrated to arise in thermally activated equilibrium self-assembling systems, when thermal activation is more favorable than chain propagation, and in equilibrium self-assembly near an adsorbing boundary where strong competition exists between adsorption and self-assembly. Apparently, the competition between interactions or equilibria generally underlies re-entrant behavior in both liquid-liquid phase separation and self-assembly transitions. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3118671]
C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov; freed@uchicago.edu
FU NSF [CHE-0749788]
FX We thank Sandra Greer for helpful discussions. This research was
   supported, in part, by the NSF under Grant No. CHE-0749788.
NR 31
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD APR 28
PY 2009
VL 130
IS 16
AR 164905
DI 10.1063/1.3118671
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 456XD
UT WOS:000266885200075
PM 19405628
ER

PT J
AU Kubyshkina, M
   Sergeev, V
   Tsyganenko, N
   Angelopoulos, V
   Runov, A
   Singer, H
   Glassmeier, KH
   Auster, HU
   Baumjohann, W
AF Kubyshkina, M.
   Sergeev, V.
   Tsyganenko, N.
   Angelopoulos, V.
   Runov, A.
   Singer, H.
   Glassmeier, K. H.
   Auster, H. U.
   Baumjohann, W.
TI Toward adapted time-dependent magnetospheric models: A simple approach
   based on tuning the standard model
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; WIND DYNAMIC PRESSURE; DAWN-DUSK
   ASYMMETRY; Y-COMPONENT; CONFIGURATION; MAGNETOTAIL; SPACECRAFT;
   ALGORITHM; GROWTH; PHASE
AB We suggest and test a simple procedure to adapt a magnetic field model by fitting it to observations made simultaneously by several spacecraft. This is done by varying input parameters of a standard model (T96) to find the best fit to the observed field at each time step. As a result we obtain a time-dependent model which can be used for evaluating the quality of the standard model and of the mapping at any particular time, to navigate in the magnetosphere and reproduce its variable configuration during large-scale dynamical events. This procedure was tested using observations made by five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) and other complementary ( e. g., GOES) spacecraft during the tail season of THEMIS mission (January-March 2008), for which a simplest version of the adapted model was routinely calculated and has been made publicly available. We also use the proton isotropic boundaries observed by low-altitude NOAA spacecraft for independent evaluation of the obtained field models. We found that in quiet conditions deviations of ionospheric footprints between standard and adapted models are generally small ( within 1 degrees of latitude), whereas during substorms they may be as large as several degrees, because of stretching and dipolarizations of magnetospheric configuration. We found that the variable tilt of the tail current sheet, partly caused by variations of nonradial component of the solar wind flow, is an additional important factor influencing the modeling result and the mapping quality. By analyzing the adapted models constructed at the time of auroral breakup onset, we conclude that this simple approach is not yet sufficiently accurate to evaluate the source distance in the magnetotail.
C1 [Kubyshkina, M.; Sergeev, V.; Tsyganenko, N.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia.
   [Angelopoulos, V.; Runov, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Glassmeier, K. H.; Auster, H. U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
   [Baumjohann, W.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria.
   [Singer, H.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kubyshkina, M (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia.
EM kubysh@geo.phys.spbu.ru
RI Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; Tsyganenko, Nikolai/J-7377-2012;
   Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013
OI Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; Tsyganenko,
   Nikolai/0000-0002-5938-1579; Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547;
   Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631
FU THEMIS [NAS5-02099]; Russian Ministry of Science grants; RFBR
   [0702-91703, 07-05-91109]; CRDF [2861]
FX The energetic particles observations on board the polar NOAA spacecraft
   have been made available by NOAA, and solar wind observations from Wind
   spacecraft have been made available via CDAWeb and OMNI Web sites. We
   thank Amanda Prentice for her help in preparing the manuscript. The work
   was supported by the THEMIS contract NAS5-02099. The work by V. S. and
   M. K. was also supported by Russian Ministry of Science grants, by the
   RFBR grants 0702-91703 and 07-05-91109, and CRDF grant 2861. We thank
   both referees for fruitful discussion and help in evaluating the
   manuscript.
NR 27
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD APR 28
PY 2009
VL 114
AR A00C21
DI 10.1029/2008JA013547
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 440CI
UT WOS:000265675600001
ER

PT J
AU Ding, YF
   Pawlus, S
   Sokolov, AP
   Douglas, JF
   Karim, A
   Soles, CL
AF Ding, Yifu
   Pawlus, Sebastian
   Sokolov, Alexei P.
   Douglas, Jack F.
   Karim, Alamgir
   Soles, Christopher L.
TI Dielectric Spectroscopy Investigation of Relaxation in C-60-Polyisoprene
   Nanocomposites
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; CIS-POLYISOPRENE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE;
   PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; GLASS-TRANSITION; CHAIN DYNAMICS; MIXTURES; C-60;
   PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES
AB We investigate the influence of adding C-60 nanoparticles on the dielectric relaxation spectra of both unentangled and entangled polyisoprene (PIP). Relaxation modes corresponding to both the segmental and chain relaxation were analyzed over a broad temperature and frequency range. Regardless of whether the chains were entangled or not, both relaxation processes slowed down with the addition of C-60, reflecting an increase of the nanocomposite glass transition temperature. However, C-60 affects the segmental relaxation more strongly than the large-scale chain relaxation, both in terms of the relaxation time and strength, suggesting that the effect of the nanoparticles on the polymer dynamics is scale dependent. This effect is attributed to a difference in packing frustration at different length scales, a phenomenon also relevant to understanding the difference between the temperature dependence of the segmental and chain relaxation processes in neat polymer materials. Further evidence of this scale dependence is indicated by the observation that the secondary relaxation time of the high molecular mass PIP decreases with an addition of C-60. These observations indicate that C-60 has an effect opposite to antiplasticizing additives that slow down the secondary relaxation (stiffening the material) in the glass state, while at the same time reducing the alpha relaxation time associated with cooperative segmental and chain motions. Recent incoherent neutron scattering measurements have indicated that C-60 can have a similar effect on polystyrene.
C1 [Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Pawlus, Sebastian; Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
   [Pawlus, Sebastian] Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland.
   [Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ding, YF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM yifu.ding@colorado.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov
FU FNP HOMING program [2008]; European Economic Area Financial Mechanism;
   NSF; University of Colorado at Boulder; National Institute of Standards
   and Technology
FX S.P. acknowledges the financial assistance from FNP HOMING program
   (2008) supported by the European Economic Area Financial Mechanism.
   A.P.S. thanks the NSF for financial support. Y.D. acknowledges the
   startup funding support from University of Colorado at Boulder. Certain
   commercial materials and equipment are identified in this paper in order
   to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such
   identification imply recommendation by the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the material or
   equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose.
NR 63
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 3
U2 28
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD APR 28
PY 2009
VL 42
IS 8
BP 3201
EP 3206
DI 10.1021/ma8024333
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 436JW
UT WOS:000265411400045
ER

PT J
AU Wong-Ng, W
   Otani, M
   Levin, I
   Schenck, P
   Yang, Z
   Liu, G
   Cook, LP
   Feenstra, R
   Zhang, W
   Rupich, MW
AF Wong-Ng, W.
   Otani, M.
   Levin, I.
   Schenck, P.
   Yang, Z.
   Liu, G.
   Cook, L. P.
   Feenstra, R.
   Zhang, W.
   Rupich, M. W.
TI A phase relation study of Ba-Y-Cu-O coated-conductor films using the
   combinatorial approach
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE annealing; barium compounds; flux pinning; high-temperature
   superconductors; reaction kinetics; superconducting thin films; yttrium
   compounds
ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; PROGRESS; GROWTH; SYSTEM
AB Phase relationships in bulk and thin film Ba-Y-Cu-O high-T(c) superconductor system were determined at processing conditions relevant for industrial production of coated conductors. Our results demonstrated that the absence of BaY(2)CuO(5) (which has a critical effect on flux pinning) at 735 degrees C-a typical temperature employed in production of coated conductors-in thin films processed in situ from the BaF(2) precursor is caused by the sluggish reaction kinetics rather than by the presence of fluorine in the system. Thermodynamic calculations combined with annealing experiments confirmed that BaY(2)CuO(5) is thermodynamically stable but forms at temperatures higher than 735 degrees C.
C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Otani, M.; Levin, I.; Schenck, P.; Yang, Z.; Liu, G.; Cook, L. P.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Feenstra, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Zhang, W.; Rupich, M. W.] Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov
RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010
FU U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 21
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD APR 27
PY 2009
VL 94
IS 17
AR 171910
DI 10.1063/1.3127222
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 440ZP
UT WOS:000265738700029
ER

PT J
AU Easterling, DR
   Wehner, MF
AF Easterling, David R.
   Wehner, Michael F.
TI Is the climate warming or cooling?
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Numerous websites, blogs and articles in the media have claimed that the climate is no longer warming, and is now cooling. Here we show that periods of no trend or even cooling of the globally averaged surface air temperature are found in the last 34 years of the observed record, and in climate model simulations of the 20(th) and 21(st) century forced with increasing greenhouse gases. We show that the climate over the 21(st) century can and likely will produce periods of a decade or two where the globally averaged surface air temperature shows no trend or even slight cooling in the presence of longer-term warming. Citation: Easterling, D. R., and M. F. Wehner (2009), Is the climate warming or cooling?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08706, doi: 10.1029/2009GL037810.
C1 [Easterling, David R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
   [Wehner, Michael F.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Easterling, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Pattom Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM david.easterling@noaa.gov; mfwehner@lbl.gov
FU Climate Change Prediction Program; Office of Science; U.S. Department of
   Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Sciences; U.S. Department
   of Energy [DE-AI02-96ER62276]
FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model
   Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the World Climate Research
   Program's (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their
   roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of
   this dataset and support for this analysis is provided by the Climate
   Change Prediction Program, Office of Science, and the U.S. Department of
   Energy. Additional support to DRE was provided by the Office of
   Biological and Environmental Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under
   Interagency Agreement DE-AI02-96ER62276.
NR 6
TC 193
Z9 210
U1 6
U2 77
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 25
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L08706
DI 10.1029/2009GL037810
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 438CT
UT WOS:000265534200004
ER

PT J
AU Henson, SA
   Dunne, JP
   Sarmiento, JL
AF Henson, Stephanie A.
   Dunne, John P.
   Sarmiento, Jorge L.
TI Decadal variability in North Atlantic phytoplankton blooms
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID PLANKTON RECORDER SURVEY; LONG-TERM; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; INTERANNUAL
   VARIABILITY; REGIME SHIFT; SPRING BLOOM; CLIMATE; OCEAN; SEA;
   OSCILLATION
AB The interannual to decadal variability in the timing and magnitude of the North Atlantic phytoplankton bloom is examined using a combination of satellite data and output from an ocean biogeochemistry general circulation model. The timing of the bloom as estimated from satellite chlorophyll data is used as a novel metric for validating the model's skill. Maps of bloom timing reveal that the subtropical bloom begins in winter and progresses northward starting in May in subpolar regions. A transition zone, which experiences substantial interannual variability in bloom timing, separates the two regions. Time series of the modeled decadal (1959-2004) variability in bloom timing show no long-term trend toward earlier or delayed blooms in any of the three regions considered here. However, the timing of the subpolar bloom does show distinct decadal- scale periodicity, which is found to be correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The mechanism underpinning the relationship is identified as anomalous wind-driven mixing conditions associated with the NAO. In positive NAO phases, stronger westerly winds result in deeper mixed layers, delaying the start of the subpolar spring bloom by 2-3 weeks. The subpolar region also expands during positive phases, pushing the transition zone further south in the central North Atlantic. The magnitude of the bloom is found to be only weakly dependent on bloom timing, but is more strongly correlated with mixed layer depth. The extensive interannual variability in the timing of the bloom, particularly in the transition region, is expected to strongly impact the availability of food to higher trophic levels.
C1 [Henson, Stephanie A.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Henson, SA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM shenson@princeton.edu
RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012
OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489
FU NASA [NNG06GE77G]
FX SeaWiFS data were provided by GSFC/NASA in accordance with the SeaWiFS
   Research Data Use Terms and Conditions Agreement. Argo float data were
   collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project
   and supplied by the Coriolis project. NAO index data were provided by
   the Climate Analysis Section, NCAR, Boulder. This work was funded by
   NASA grant NNG06GE77G to J. L. S.
NR 66
TC 101
Z9 103
U1 5
U2 40
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD APR 25
PY 2009
VL 114
AR C04013
DI 10.1029/2008JC005139
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 438DX
UT WOS:000265537200009
ER

PT J
AU Jin, MB
   Deal, C
   Wang, J
   McRoy, CP
AF Jin, Meibing
   Deal, Clara
   Wang, Jia
   McRoy, C. Peter
TI Response of lower trophic level production to long-term climate change
   in the southeastern Bering Sea
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS; NORTH PACIFIC; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; MIDDLE
   SHELF; ICE-EDGE; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; REGIME; GROWTH; BLOOM
AB The Bering Sea ecosystem has undergone profound changes in response to climate regime shifts in the past decades. Here, lower trophic level production is assessed with a vertically one-dimensional (1-D) coupled ice-ocean ecosystem model, which was applied to data collected by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) mooring from 1995 to 2005. The physical model is forced by sea surface winds, heat and salt fluxes, tides, and sea ice. The biological model includes coupled pelagic and ice algae components. Model results are validated with daily mooring temperature, fluorometer, and daily Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll data. Two distinct ocean conditions and phytoplankton bloom patterns are related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) Index regimes: warmer temperature and later warm-water phytoplankton species bloom in PDO > 1 year; colder temperature and earlier cold-water phytoplankton species bloom in PDO < -1 year. Productivity of different phytoplankton species changed dramatically after the 1976 climate shift, but the total annual net primary production (NPP) remained flat over the past four decades under similar nutrient regulation. Climate shift also affected the vertical distribution of lower trophic level production and energy flow to the upper ocean pelagic ecosystem or the benthic community. A long-term PDO regime shift occurred in 1976, and a short-term PDO reversal occurred in 1998. Phytoplankton biomass responded promptly to both short- and long-term climate changes. Zooplankton biomass responded more to the long-term than to the short- term climate shift. The model results captured observed trends of zooplankton abundance changes from the 1990s to 2004.
C1 [Jin, Meibing; Deal, Clara; McRoy, C. Peter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arct Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP Jin, MB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arct Res Ctr, 930 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM ffjm@uaf.edu
RI Jin, Meibing/F-7666-2010
FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [607]; JAMSTEC-IARC Research
   Agreement; NSF [ARC-0652838]
FX We are grateful to Phyllis Stabeno and Sigrid Sallo, PMEL/NOAA, Seattle,
   Washington, for providing the M2 buoy and mooring data. This study was
   supported by North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) grant 607 awarded to
   Jin, Deal, and Wang. The International Arctic Research Center,
   University of Alaska Fairbanks, supported this study through the
   JAMSTEC-IARC Research Agreement and NSF ARC-0652838. This is NPRB
   contribution 194 and NOAA GLERL contribution 1494.
NR 39
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD APR 25
PY 2009
VL 114
AR C04010
DI 10.1029/2008JC005105
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 438DX
UT WOS:000265537200008
ER

PT J
AU Veneziani, M
   Edwards, CA
   Doyle, JD
   Foley, D
AF Veneziani, M.
   Edwards, C. A.
   Doyle, J. D.
   Foley, D.
TI A central California coastal ocean modeling study: 1. Forward model and
   the influence of realistic versus climatological forcing
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID WIND STRESS CURL; CURRENT SYSTEM; SURFACE CIRCULATION; NORTHERN
   CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT; BULK PARAMETERIZATION;
   PRESSURE-GRADIENT; SHELF CIRCULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; UPWELLING JET
AB We report on a numerical simulation of the California Current circulation using the Regional Ocean Modeling System model, focusing on the region of northern and central California during the 5-year period from 2000 to 2004. Unlike previous model studies of the California Current System, the present configuration is characterized by both realistic external forcing and a spatial domain covering most of the North American West Coast. Specifically, this configuration is driven at the surface by high-resolution meteorological fields from the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System and at the lateral open boundaries by output from the project Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean supported by the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment. The simulation is evaluated favorably through quantitative comparisons with the California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations data set, satellite-derived sea surface temperature, and surface drifters-derived eddy kinetic energy. The impact of adopting realistic versus climatological surface forcing is demonstrated by comparing mean and mesoscale circulation characteristics. Realistic surface forcing qualitatively alters the seasonal cycle of the mean along shore jet and better reproduces the summer spatial structure and intensity of the eddy kinetic energy field along the central California coast.
C1 [Veneziani, M.; Edwards, C. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Doyle, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
   [Foley, D.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
RP Veneziani, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM milena@ucsc.edu
FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP); NOPP [NA05NOS4731242]
FX The authors wish to thank Patrick Heimbach for his helpful comments on
   the paper and Gregoire Broquet and Enrique Curchitser for useful
   scientific discussions. The ECCO-GODAE data was provided by the ECCO
   Consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean
   funded by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). This
   research was funded by NOPP project NA05NOS4731242.
NR 72
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD APR 25
PY 2009
VL 114
AR C04015
DI 10.1029/2008JC004774
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 438DX
UT WOS:000265537200002
ER

PT J
AU Meiser, D
   Ye, J
   Carlson, DR
   Holland, MJ
AF Meiser, D.
   Ye, Jun
   Carlson, D. R.
   Holland, M. J.
TI Prospects for a Millihertz-Linewidth Laser
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CAVITY; STATISTICS; METROLOGY; CLOCKS
AB We propose a new light source based on having alkaline-earth atoms in an optical lattice collectively emit photons on an ultranarrow clock transition into the mode of a high Q resonator. The resultant optical radiation has an extremely narrow linewidth in the mHz range, even smaller than that of the clock transition itself due to collective effects. A power level of order 10(-12) W is possible, sufficient for phase locking a slave optical local oscillator. Realizing this light source has the potential to improve the stability of the best clocks by 2 orders of magnitude.
C1 [Meiser, D.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Meiser, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; 
OI Carlson, David/0000-0002-0067-2400
FU DFG; DARPA; NIST; DOE; NSF
FX We gratefully acknowledge stimulating discussions with D. Kleppner, J.
   K. Thompson, and J. Cooper. This work was supported by DFG, DARPA, NIST,
   DOE, and NSF.
NR 23
TC 102
Z9 105
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD APR 24
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 16
AR 163601
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.163601
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 437IC
UT WOS:000265479300025
PM 19518709
ER

PT J
AU Lea, MA
   Johnson, D
   Ream, R
   Sterling, J
   Melin, S
   Gelatt, T
AF Lea, Mary-Anne
   Johnson, Devin
   Ream, Rolf
   Sterling, Jeremy
   Melin, Sharon
   Gelatt, Tom
TI Extreme weather events influence dispersal of naive northern fur seals
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE migration; Alaska; storms; Bering Sea
ID CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MIGRATION; PUPS; CAPABILITIES;
   ALASKA
AB Since 1975, northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) numbers at the Pribilof Islands (PI) in the Bering Sea have declined rapidly for unknown reasons. Migratory dispersal and habitat choice may affect first-year survivorship, thereby contributing to this decline. We compared migratory behaviour of 166 naive pups during 2 years from islands with disparate population trends (increasing: Bogoslof and San Miguel Islands; declining: PI), hypothesizing that climatic conditions at weaning may differentially affect dispersal and survival. Atmospheric conditions (Bering Sea) in autumn 2005-2006 were anomalously cold, while 2006-2007 was considerably warmer and less stormy. In 2005, pups departed earlier at all sites, and the majority of PI pups (68-85%) departed within 1 day of Arctic storms and dispersed quickly, travelling southwards through the Aleutian Islands. Tailwinds enabled faster rates of travel than headwinds, a trend not previously shown for marine mammals. Weather effects were less pronounced at Bogoslof Island (approx. 400 km further south), and, at San Miguel Island, (California) departures were more gradual, and only influenced by wind and air pressure in 2005. We suggest that increasingly variable climatic conditions at weaning, particularly timing, frequency and intensity of autumnal storms in the Bering Sea, may alter timing, direction of dispersal and potentially survival of pups.
C1 [Lea, Mary-Anne; Johnson, Devin; Ream, Rolf; Sterling, Jeremy; Melin, Sharon; Gelatt, Tom] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Lea, MA (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Wildlife Res Unit, PB5, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia.
EM ma_lea@utas.edu.au
RI Lea, Mary-Anne/E-9054-2013
OI Lea, Mary-Anne/0000-0001-8318-9299
NR 21
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 8
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD APR 23
PY 2009
VL 5
IS 2
BP 252
EP 257
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0643
PG 6
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
   Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 421PX
UT WOS:000264371900032
PM 19147444
ER

PT J
AU Farrell, SL
   Laxon, SW
   McAdoo, DC
   Yi, DH
   Zwally, HJ
AF Farrell, Sinead L.
   Laxon, Seymour W.
   McAdoo, David C.
   Yi, Donghui
   Zwally, H. J.
TI Five years of Arctic sea ice freeboard measurements from the Ice, Cloud
   and land Elevation Satellite
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; THICKNESS; LASER; SHEET
AB Using data from the first Earth-orbiting laser altimeter, the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), onboard the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), we analyze sea ice freeboard in the Arctic Ocean. We describe a new method for sea surface height retrieval, which relies on an algorithm that discriminates laser pulse reflections originating over leads or thin ice. The lead detection algorithm is based on surface reflectivity and analysis of parameters associated with the shape of reflected waveforms. Using knowledge of the local sea surface height and sea ice elevation, we estimate sea ice freeboard and present, for the first time, a time series of Arctic freeboard spanning 5 years between March 2003 and 2008. While the autumn (October-November) and winter (February-March) data illustrate the seasonal and interannual variations in freeboard, following the September 2007 record minimum sea ice extent, the autumn 2007 and winter 2008 spatially averaged freeboards are below the seasonal means at -4.5 cm and -6.8 cm, respectively. Over the observation period, mean freeboard has declined at a rate of similar to-1.8 cm/a during the autumn period and similar to-1.6 cm/a during the winter period, in the region bounded by the northern limit of ICESat coverage at 86 degrees N. Because of the short 5-year observation period, it is unclear whether these results represent a long-term, downward trend in Arctic freeboard or are part of a natural variability. Furthermore, since the variability of snow thickness is included in the ICESat freeboard signal, a decrease in the freeboard cannot wholly be attributed to a decrease in sea ice thickness.
C1 [Farrell, Sinead L.; McAdoo, David C.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Laxon, Seymour W.] UCL, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   [Yi, Donghui] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
   [Yi, Donghui; Zwally, H. J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Farrell, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, 1335 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM sinead.farrell@noaa.gov
RI Laxon, Seymour/C-1644-2008; Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; McAdoo,
   Dave/F-5612-2010
OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564
FU NASA's ICESat Science Project; National Research Council; Research
   Associateship [0625390]; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
   Administration (NOAA); National Environment Research Council studentship
   [NER/S/A/2002/10425]
FX We gratefully acknowledge NASA's ICESat Science Project and the NSIDC
   for distribution of the ICESat data (see http://nsidc.org/data/icesat/).
   We thank Laury Miller of the NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry and
   Andy Ridout of the Centre for Polar Observation and Modeling, UCL, for
   their helpful advice and discussions. We also thank both the Associate
   Editor and two anonymous referees for their most careful and helpful
   reviews. Support for SLF has been provided by the National Research
   Council, Research Associateship 0625390, under funding from the National
   Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and previously under
   National Environment Research Council studentship NER/S/A/2002/10425.
   The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of
   the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic
   and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or
   decision.
NR 43
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD APR 23
PY 2009
VL 114
AR C04008
DI 10.1029/2008JC005074
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 438DW
UT WOS:000265537100002
ER

PT J
AU Nogueira, JJ
   Vazquez, SA
   Mazyar, OA
   Hase, WL
   Perkins, BG
   Nesbitt, DJ
   Martinez-Nunez, E
AF Nogueira, Juan J.
   Vazquez, Saulo A.
   Mazyar, Oleg A.
   Hase, William L.
   Perkins, Bradford G., Jr.
   Nesbitt, David J.
   Martinez-Nunez, Emilio
TI Dynamics of CO2 Scattering off a Perfluorinated Self-Assembled
   Monolayer. Influence of the Incident Collision Energy, Mass Effects, and
   Use of Different Surface Models
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-LIQUID INTERFACE; NE-ATOM COLLISIONS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; RESOLVED
   SCATTERING; TRAPPING-DESORPTION; HYDROCARBON SURFACE; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS;
   MOLECULAR-BEAM; APROTIC GASES; H EXCHANGE
AB The dynamics of collisions of CO2 with a perfluorinated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) on gold were investigated by classical trajectory calculations using explicit atom (EA) and united atom (UA) models to represent the F-SAM surface. The CO2 Molecule was directed perpendicularly to the surface at initial collision energies of 1.6, 4.7, 7.7, and 10.6 kcal/mol. Rotational distributions of the scattered CO2 molecules are in agreement with experimental distributions determined for collisions of CO2 with liquid surfaces of perfluoropolyether. The agreement is especially good for the EA model. The role of the mass in the efficiency of the energy transfer was investigated in separate simulations in which the mass of the F atoms was replaced by either that of hydrogen or chlorine, while keeping the potential energy function unchanged. The calculations predict the observed trend that less energy is transferred to the surface as the mass of the alkyl chains increases. Significant discrepancies were found between results obtained with the EA and UA models. The UA surface leads to an enhancement of the energy transfer efficiency in comparison with the EA surface. The reason for this is in the softer structure of the UA surface, which facilitates transfer from translation to interchain vibrational modes.
C1 [Hase, William L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
   [Nogueira, Juan J.; Vazquez, Saulo A.; Martinez-Nunez, Emilio] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Quim Fis, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain.
   [Perkins, Bradford G., Jr.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Perkins, Bradford G., Jr.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Perkins, Bradford G., Jr.; Nesbitt, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Hase, WL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RI Martinez-Nunez, Emilio/A-7790-2010; Vazquez, Saulo/A-2866-2015
OI Martinez-Nunez, Emilio/0000-0001-6221-4977; Vazquez,
   Saulo/0000-0002-2473-4557
NR 57
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD APR 23
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 16
BP 3850
EP 3865
DI 10.1021/jp809756f
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 435ZU
UT WOS:000265383200019
PM 19182968
ER

PT J
AU Perkins, BG
   Nesbitt, DJ
AF Perkins, Bradford G., Jr.
   Nesbitt, David J.
TI Toward Three-Dimensional Quantum State-Resolved Collision Dynamics at
   the Gas-Liquid Interface: Theoretical Investigation of Incident Angle
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; CO2 SCATTERING DYNAMICS; SURFACE
   ENERGY-EXCHANGE; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS;
   MOLECULAR-BEAM; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY;
   HYDROCARBON SURFACE; APROTIC GASES
AB Quantum state-resolved energy transfer dynamics at the gas-liquid interface are explored through a comparison of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and previously reported experimental studies (Perkins, B. G.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 9234). Theoretically, large scale MD trajectory calculations have been performed for collisions Of CO2 with a model fluorinated self-assembled monolayer surface (F-SAMs), based on an explicit atom-atom interaction potential obtained from earlier theoretical studies (Martfnez-Nunez, E.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 711, 354). Initial conditions for the simulations match those in the experimental studies where high-energy jet-cooled CO2 molecules (E-inc = 10.6(8) kcal/mol, <E-rot> approximate to 10 cm(-1)) are scattered from a 300 K perfluorinated liquid surface (PFPE) from a range of incident angles (theta(inc) = 0-60 degrees). Nascent CO2 rotational distributions prove to be remarkably well characterized by a simple two-temperature trapping-desorption (TD) and impulsive scattering (IS) model with nearly quantitative agreement between experimental and theoretical column integrated densities. Furthermore, three-dimensional (313) quantum state resolved flux maps for glancing incident angles (theta(inc) approximate to 60 degrees) reveal broad, lobular distributions peaking strongly in the forward subspecular direction as cos(n)(theta(scat) - theta') with n approximate to 5.6(1.2) and theta' approximate to 49(2)degrees.
C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@jila.colorado.edu
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation
FX Primary support for this work is provided by the Air Force Office of
   Scientific Research with initial equipment and computer resource funding
   provided by the National Science Foundation. We would also like to thank
   Professors Bill Hase and Emilio Martinez-Nunez for their development of
   high quality CO<INF>2</INF>-PFPE gas-liquid scattering potentials as
   well as many useful and stimulating discussions. Finally, we
   congratulate Professor George Schatz for his fireless efforts and
   numerous insightful contributions to the field of physical chemistry and
   chemical physics; we all owe him a great debt of gratitude.
NR 68
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD APR 23
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 16
BP 4613
EP 4625
DI 10.1021/jp811322y
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 435ZU
UT WOS:000265383200109
PM 19334697
ER

PT J
AU Biercuk, MJ
   Uys, H
   VanDevender, AP
   Shiga, N
   Itano, WM
   Bollinger, JJ
AF Biercuk, Michael J.
   Uys, Hermann
   VanDevender, Aaron P.
   Shiga, Nobuyasu
   Itano, Wayne M.
   Bollinger, John J.
TI Optimized dynamical decoupling in a model quantum memory
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTALLIZED ION PLASMAS; DECOHERENCE; SYSTEMS
AB Any quantum system, such as those used in quantum information or magnetic resonance, is subject to random phase errors that can dramatically affect the fidelity of a desired quantum operation or measurement(1). In the context of quantum information, quantum error correction techniques have been developed to correct these errors, but resource requirements are extraordinary. The realization of a physically tractable quantum information system will therefore be facilitated if qubit (quantum bit) error rates are far below the so-called fault-tolerance error threshold(1), predicted to be of the order of 10(-3)-10(-6). The need to realize such low error rates motivates a search for alternative strategies to suppress dephasing in quantum systems(2). Here we experimentally demonstrate massive suppression of qubit error rates by the application of optimized dynamical decoupling(3-8) pulse sequences, using a model quantum system capable of simulating a variety of qubit technologies. We demonstrate an analytically derived pulse sequence(9), UDD, and find novel sequences through active, real-time experimental feedback. The latter sequences are tailored to maximize error suppression without the need for a priori knowledge of the ambient noise environment, and are capable of suppressing errors by orders of magnitude compared to other existing sequences (including the benchmark multi-pulse spin echo(10,11)). Our work includes the extension of a treatment to predict qubit decoherence(12,13) under realistic conditions, yielding strong agreement between experimental data and theory for arbitrary pulse sequences incorporating nonidealized control pulses. These results demonstrate the robustness of qubit memory error suppression through dynamical decoupling techniques across a variety of qubit technologies(11,14-16).
C1 [Biercuk, Michael J.; Uys, Hermann; VanDevender, Aaron P.; Shiga, Nobuyasu; Itano, Wayne M.; Bollinger, John J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Biercuk, Michael J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA USA.
   [Uys, Hermann] CSIR, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa.
RP Biercuk, MJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM biercuk@boulder.nist.gov
RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010
FU IARPA; NIST; Georgia Tech.; CSIR
FX We thank L. Cywinski, S. Das Sarma, V. V. Dobrovitski, X. Hu, E. Knill,
   S. Lyon, G. Uhrig, and W. Witzel for discussions. We also thank D.
   Hanneke, C. Ospelkaus and D. J. Wineland for comments on the manuscript,
   and C. Nelson for technical assistance. We acknowledge research funding
   from IARPA and the NIST Quantum Information Program. M. J. B.
   acknowledges fellowship support from IARPA and Georgia Tech., and H. U.
   acknowledges support from CSIR. This manuscript is a contribution of the
   US NIST and is not subject to US copyright.
NR 30
TC 290
Z9 292
U1 5
U2 40
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD APR 23
PY 2009
VL 458
IS 7241
BP 996
EP 1000
DI 10.1038/nature07951
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 436KL
UT WOS:000265412900035
PM 19396139
ER

PT J
AU Radebaugh, R
AF Radebaugh, Ray
TI Cryocoolers: the state of the art and recent developments
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25)
CY AUG 06-13, 2008
CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab
ID PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATORS; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM
AB Cryocooler performance and reliability are continually improving. Consequently, they are more and more frequently implemented by physicists in their laboratory experiments or for commercial and space applications. The five kinds of cryocoolers most commonly used to provide cryogenic temperatures for various applications are the Joule-Thomson, Brayton, Stirling, Gifford-McMahon, and pulse tube cryocoolers. Many advances in all types have occurred in the past 20 years that have allowed all of them to be used for a wide variety of applications. The present state of the art and on-going developments of these cryocoolers are reviewed in this paper. In the past five years new research on these cryocoolers has offered the potential to significantly improve them and make them suitable for even more applications. The general trend of this new cryocooler research is also presented.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM radebaugh@boulder.nist.gov
NR 47
TC 75
Z9 88
U1 8
U2 42
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD APR 22
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 16
AR 164219
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164219
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 426ZH
UT WOS:000264746900022
PM 21825399
ER

PT J
AU Sengers, JL
AF Sengers, Johanna Levelt
TI A gas that sinks in a liquid-the first helium experiment published by
   Kamerlingh Onnes
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25)
CY AUG 06-13, 2008
CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab
ID NORMAL SUBSTANCES; MIXTURES; LINE
AB The year 1906 was a year of many remarkable achievements in the laboratory of Kamerlingh Onnes and his staff. They put into operation a hydrogen liquefier producing 4 1 h(-1), followed by a liquid-hydrogen cryostat for work below 21 K. They prepared their first sample of 2 1 of helium gas. Pressure-volume-temperature measurements down to 54 K were in progress for hydrogen, and initiated for helium, in order to obtain an estimate for the critical temperature of helium; this estimate was urgently needed for design of a helium liquefier. Towards the end of 1906, Kamerlingh Onnes performed the first helium experiment at liquid-hydrogen temperature: a test of the phase behaviour of a mixture of hydrogen and helium. In the process, he discovered what he termed the barotropic effect: at increasing pressure, the helium-rich vapour phase sank to the bottom, having become heavier than the hydrogen-rich liquid phase. This paper describes the experiment and the resulting flurry of activity by Van der Waals, Kamerlingh Onnes, Keesom and Van Laar, all trying to understand and model the curious phase behaviour, as well as earlier relevant work by Van der Waals, Korteweg, Kuenen and Van Laar.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sengers, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 8320,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM johanna.sengers@nist.gov
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD APR 22
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 16
AR 164222
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164222
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 426ZH
UT WOS:000264746900025
PM 21825402
ER

PT J
AU Stavis, SM
   Strychalski, EA
   Gaitan, M
AF Stavis, Samuel M.
   Strychalski, Elizabeth A.
   Gaitan, Michael
TI Nanofluidic structures with complex three-dimensional surfaces
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SILICON MEMS STRUCTURES; DNA ANALYSIS; MICROFLUIDIC STRUCTURES;
   NANOSLITS; LENGTH; NANOSTRUCTURES; LITHOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; MOLECULES;
   DYNAMICS
AB Nanofluidic devices have typically explored a design space of patterns limited by a single nanoscale structure depth. A method is presented here for fabricating nanofluidic structures with complex three-dimensional (3D) surfaces, utilizing a single layer of grayscale photolithography and standard integrated circuit manufacturing tools. This method is applied to construct nanofluidic devices with numerous (30) structure depths controlled from approximate to 10 to approximate to 620 nm with an average standard deviation of < 10 nm over distances of > 1 cm. A prototype 3D nanofluidic device is demonstrated that implements size exclusion of rigid nanoparticles and variable nanoscale confinement and deformation of biomolecules.
C1 [Stavis, Samuel M.; Gaitan, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Strychalski, Elizabeth A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Stavis, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM samuel.stavis@nist.gov; eas58@cornell.edu; michael.gaitan@nist.gov
FU NSF
FX This research was performed while Samuel Stavis held a National Research
   Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of
   Standards and Technology (NIST), and while Elizabeth Strychalski was
   supported by the Nanobiotechnology Center, a Science and Technology
   Center Program of the National Science Foundation (NSF). Device
   fabrication was performed at the Cornell Nanoscale Science and
   Technology Facility (CNF), a member of the National Nanotechnology
   Infrastructure Network, and the Cornell Center for Materials Research,
   both supported by the NSF. Device characterization was performed in part
   at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors
   thank the CNF staff for assistance with device fabrication, and Jon
   Geist, Laurie Locascio, and Javier Atencia for helpful discussions.
NR 31
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 15
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
EI 1361-6528
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD APR 22
PY 2009
VL 20
IS 16
AR 165302
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/16/165302
PG 7
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 427LG
UT WOS:000264780200007
PM 19420567
ER

PT J
AU Maus, S
   Silva, L
   Hulot, G
AF Maus, Stefan
   Silva, Luis
   Hulot, Gauthier
TI Reply to comment by V. Lesur et al. on "Can core-surface flow models be
   used to improve the forecast of the Earth's main magnetic field''
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SATELLITE
C1 [Maus, Stefan] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Maus, Stefan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Maus, Stefan; Silva, Luis; Hulot, Gauthier] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
   [Maus, Stefan; Silva, Luis; Hulot, Gauthier] Inst Phys Globe, Equipe Geomagnetisme, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
RP Maus, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Stefan.Maus@noaa.gov
RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Silva, Luis/D-3883-2011; 
OI Silva, Luis/0000-0003-3421-0009; Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD APR 21
PY 2009
VL 114
AR B04105
DI 10.1029/2008JB006242
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 438EI
UT WOS:000265538300003
ER

PT J
AU Smith, JR
   Cicerone, MT
   Meuse, CW
AF Smith, Jack R.
   Cicerone, Marcus T.
   Meuse, Curtis W.
TI Tertiary Structure Changes in Albumin upon Surface Adsorption Observed
   via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HUMAN-SERUM-ALBUMIN; SCANNING TUNNELING
   MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; PROTEIN
   ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN-EXCHANGE; CELL-ADHESION; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR;
   RELAXATION KINETICS
AB A nondestructive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy assay, amenable to exploring a wide range of proteins and polymers, is used to measure changes in the tertiary structure of bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed to three surfaces: gold, polystyrene (PS), and poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA). Tertiary structural analysis is important because typical secondary structural analysis (FTIR and CD) is not always sensitive enough to distinguish between the sometimes subtle protein structural changes caused by adsorption. The polymers are spin-coated onto a gold surface, exposed to protein, and then immersed in a deuterated buffer solution to probe the protein's tertiary structure before the sample is removed from its aqueous environment. Infrared band intensities, related to the exchange of amide hydrogen for deuterium (HDX), as a function of the immersion time in deuterated buffer, are used to determine the extent of amide solvent exposure. Analysis of the results in terms of a single exponential decay shows that enough amides undergo a measurable amount of exchange in 60 min to quantify relative changes in BSA solvent exposure on different surfaces. In addition, substantial fractions undergo HDX at a rate too fast or too slow to be followed with our experimental protocol. The proportions of these quickly and slowly exchanging amide groups also provide information about relative changes in the BSA structure on different surfaces. Adsorption was found to increase the extent of HDX over that observed for BSA in solution, consistent with surface-induced unfolding and a loss of tertiary structure. Changes in HDX were found to be more sensitive to which surface was absorbing the protein than the typical FTIR secondary structural analysis obtained from fitting the amide I band. HDX was greatest for BSA adsorbed to the surface of PDLLA and least in the case of BSA adsorbed to gold, which indicates the greatest and least degree of unfolding, respectively.
C1 [Smith, Jack R.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Meuse, Curtis W.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Meuse, CW (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM curtis.meuse@nist.gov
FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council
FX Funding for J.R.S. was provided by a National Academy of
   Sciences/National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship.
NR 66
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD APR 21
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 8
BP 4571
EP 4578
DI 10.1021/la802955w
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 434NP
UT WOS:000265281700055
PM 19366224
ER

PT J
AU Schexnailder, P
   Loizou, E
   Porcar, L
   Butler, P
   Schmidt, G
AF Schexnailder, Patrick
   Loizou, Elena
   Porcar, Lionel
   Butler, Paul
   Schmidt, Gudrun
TI Heterogeneity in nanocomposite hydrogels from poly(ethylene oxide)
   cross-linked with silicate nanoparticles
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYMER-CLAY SOLUTIONS; LAPONITE-PEO MIXTURES;
   LIGHT-SCATTERING; FLUOROGENIC SUBSTRATE; FLOW-BIREFRINGENCE; LENGTH
   SCALE; SHAKE-GELS; DISPERSIONS; RHEOLOGY
AB We investigate the influence of ionic strength on the structural heterogeneity and viscoelastic properties of nanocomposite hydrogels. We use small-angle scattering and rheology to monitor Structural changes as a function of ionic strength. Increasing ionic strength makes the nanocomposite gels macroscopically heterogeneous, stiffer and more turbid. At high shear rates, nanometre Structures rearrange within aggregates and orient ill the flow direction. The changing structural properties that develop with ionic strength are due to increased heterogeneity of nanoparticle distribution and polymer-nanoparticle interactions as well as to the formation of PEO [poly(ethylene oxide)] aggregates interacting with sodium cations. which reinforce the overall hydrogel network.
C1 [Schexnailder, Patrick; Schmidt, Gudrun] Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Loizou, Elena; Porcar, Lionel; Butler, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Schmidt, G (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM gudrun@purdue.edu
RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011
NR 48
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 29
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
   ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PD APR 21
PY 2009
VL 11
IS 15
BP 2760
EP 2766
DI 10.1039/b820452g
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 442IY
UT WOS:000265836100022
PM 19421534
ER

PT J
AU Helmig, D
   Cohen, LD
   Bocquet, F
   Oltmans, S
   Grachev, A
   Neff, W
AF Helmig, Detlev
   Cohen, Lana D.
   Bocquet, Florence
   Oltmans, Samuel
   Grachev, Andrey
   Neff, William
TI Spring and summertime diurnal surface ozone fluxes over the polar snow
   at Summit, Greenland
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPRUCE-FIR FOREST; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTH-POLE; INTERSTITIAL AIR; NOX
AB Continuous surface-layer ozone flux measurements over the polar, year-round snowpack at Summit, Greenland, resulted in deposition velocities (v(d)) that were smaller than most previous assumptions and model inputs. Substantial seasonal differences were seen in the ozone v(d) behavior. Spring, daytime ozone v(d) values showed low variability and were consistently <= 0.01 cm s(-1). During summer, ozone fluxes displayed distinct diurnal cycles, and evidence for regular occurrences of bi-directional behavior. Summer, daytime v(d) ranged between similar to 0.01 to 0.07 cm s(-1). Maximum summertime downward fluxes (ozone deposition) coincided with the hours of maximum solar radiation, i.e., noon afternoon. During summer nighttime hours upward ozone fluxes were observed. These upward fluxes were interpreted as ozone production in a shallow layer near and above the snow surface with resulting upward ozone fluxes out of the shallow surface layer. Comparisons with published observations from temperate, midlatitude sites suggest different controls and behavior of ozone fluxes, and that ozone fluxes over snow depend on a myriad of parameters, including solar irradiance, snow chemical and physical properties, snowpack depth, and the type of substrate underneath the snow. Citation: Helmig, D., L. D. Cohen, F. Bocquet, S. Oltmans, A. Grachev, and W. Neff (2009), Spring and summertime diurnal surface ozone fluxes over the polar snow at Summit, Greenland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08809, doi:10.1029/2008GL036549.
C1 [Helmig, Detlev; Cohen, Lana D.; Bocquet, Florence] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Bocquet, Florence; Grachev, Andrey] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Oltmans, Samuel; Grachev, Andrey; Neff, William] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Helmig, Detlev; Cohen, Lana D.; Bocquet, Florence] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu
RI Neff, William/E-2725-2010; 
OI Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076; GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820
FU NSF-OPP [0240976]
FX S. Oncley assisted in evaluation of sonic anemometer data; K. Steffen
   and N. Cullen advised in the interpretation of flux measurements. This
   research was funded by NSF-OPP grant 0240976. Any opinions, findings,
   and conclusions expressed in this material are those of the authors and
   do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. Logistical support was
   provided by VECO Polar Resources and the U. S. 109th Air National Guard.
   We also thank the Danish Commission for Scientific Research for
   providing access to the Summit research site.
NR 27
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 18
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L08809
DI 10.1029/2008GL036549
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 435FC
UT WOS:000265328300002
ER

PT J
AU Blakestad, RB
   Ospelkaus, C
   VanDevender, AP
   Amini, JM
   Britton, J
   Leibfried, D
   Wineland, DJ
AF Blakestad, R. B.
   Ospelkaus, C.
   VanDevender, A. P.
   Amini, J. M.
   Britton, J.
   Leibfried, D.
   Wineland, D. J.
TI High-Fidelity Transport of Trapped-Ion Qubits through an X-Junction Trap
   Array
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM COMPUTER; ATOMIC IONS; STATES; ARCHITECTURE
AB We report reliable transport of (9)Be(+) ions through an "X junction" in a 2D trap array that includes a separate loading and reservoir zone. During transport the ion's kinetic energy in its local well increases by only a few motional quanta and internal-state coherences are preserved. We also examine two sources of energy gain during transport: a particular radio-frequency noise heating mechanism and digital sampling noise. Such studies are important to achieve scaling in a trapped-ion quantum information processor.
C1 [Blakestad, R. B.; Ospelkaus, C.; VanDevender, A. P.; Amini, J. M.; Britton, J.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Blakestad, RB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009; 
OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936; Britton,
   Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347
FU IARPA; ONR; NIST
FX We thank J. J. Bollinger and Y. Colombe for helpful comments on the
   manuscript and acknowledge the support of IARPA, ONR, and the NIST
   Quantum Information program. This Letter is a contribution of NIST and
   not subject to U. S. copyright.
NR 27
TC 55
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD APR 17
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 15
AR 153002
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.153002
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 434PD
UT WOS:000265285700024
PM 19518628
ER

PT J
AU Campbell, GK
   Boyd, MM
   Thomsen, JW
   Martin, MJ
   Blatt, S
   Swallows, MD
   Nicholson, TL
   Fortier, T
   Oates, CW
   Diddams, SA
   Lemke, ND
   Naidon, P
   Julienne, P
   Ye, J
   Ludlow, AD
AF Campbell, G. K.
   Boyd, M. M.
   Thomsen, J. W.
   Martin, M. J.
   Blatt, S.
   Swallows, M. D.
   Nicholson, T. L.
   Fortier, T.
   Oates, C. W.
   Diddams, S. A.
   Lemke, N. D.
   Naidon, P.
   Julienne, P.
   Ye, Jun
   Ludlow, A. D.
TI Probing Interactions Between Ultracold Fermions
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; NOBEL LECTURE; CLOCKS;
   ATOMS; LASER; COLLISIONS; WAVE; GAS
AB At ultracold temperatures, the Pauli exclusion principle suppresses collisions between identical fermions. This has motivated the development of atomic clocks with fermionic isotopes. However, by probing an optical clock transition with thousands of lattice-confined, ultracold fermionic strontium atoms, we observed density-dependent collisional frequency shifts. These collision effects were measured systematically and are supported by a theoretical description attributing them to inhomogeneities in the probe excitation process that render the atoms distinguishable. This work also yields insights for zeroing the clock density shift.
C1 [Campbell, G. K.; Boyd, M. M.; Thomsen, J. W.; Martin, M. J.; Blatt, S.; Swallows, M. D.; Nicholson, T. L.; Ye, Jun; Ludlow, A. D.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Campbell, G. K.; Boyd, M. M.; Thomsen, J. W.; Martin, M. J.; Blatt, S.; Swallows, M. D.; Nicholson, T. L.; Ye, Jun; Ludlow, A. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Fortier, T.; Oates, C. W.; Diddams, S. A.; Lemke, N. D.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
   [Naidon, P.; Julienne, P.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Naidon, P.; Julienne, P.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM junye@jilau1.colorado.edu
RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt,
   Sebastian/F-8986-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke,
   Nathan/L-9059-2013; Thomsen, Jan W./M-9087-2016; Julienne,
   Paul/E-9378-2012; 
OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Blatt,
   Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967; Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715;
   Thomsen, Jan W./0000-0003-3423-6989; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442;
   Nicholson, Travis/0000-0002-0503-7991
FU NIST; NSF; Office of Naval Research; Defense Advanced Projects Research
   Agency; National Research Council postdoctoral fellowships
FX We appreciate technical contributions of T. Zelevinsky and insightful
   discussions with K. Gibble, W. Ketterle, M. Zwierlein, E. Cornell, and
   S. Kokkelmans. We acknowledge funding support from NIST, NSF, Office of
   Naval Research, and Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency. G.K.C.
   and A.D.L. are supported by National Research Council postdoctoral
   fellowships. J.W.T. is a JILA visiting fellow, with a permanent address:
   The Niels Bohr Institute, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen,
   Denmark.
NR 23
TC 66
Z9 67
U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD APR 17
PY 2009
VL 324
IS 5925
BP 360
EP 363
DI 10.1126/science.1169724
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 433QT
UT WOS:000265221600034
PM 19372424
ER

PT J
AU Warusawithana, MP
   Cen, C
   Sleasman, CR
   Woicik, JC
   Li, YL
   Kourkoutis, LF
   Klug, JA
   Li, H
   Ryan, P
   Wang, LP
   Bedzyk, M
   Muller, DA
   Chen, LQ
   Levy, J
   Schlom, DG
AF Warusawithana, Maitri P.
   Cen, Cheng
   Sleasman, Charles R.
   Woicik, Joseph C.
   Li, Yulan
   Kourkoutis, Lena Fitting
   Klug, Jeffrey A.
   Li, Hao
   Ryan, Philip
   Wang, Li-Peng
   Bedzyk, Michael
   Muller, David A.
   Chen, Long-Qing
   Levy, Jeremy
   Schlom, Darrell G.
TI A Ferroelectric Oxide Made Directly on Silicon
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILMS; PEROVSKITE FILMS; ULTRATHIN FILMS; SRTIO3; MULTILAYERS;
   THICKNESS; GROWTH
AB Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, formed using silicon dioxide and silicon, have undergone four decades of staggering technological advancement. With fundamental limits to this technology close at hand, alternatives to silicon dioxide are being pursued to enable new functionality and device architectures. We achieved ferroelectric functionality in intimate contact with silicon by growing coherently strained strontium titanate (SrTiO3) films via oxide molecular beam epitaxy in direct contact with silicon, with no interfacial silicon dioxide. We observed ferroelectricity in these ultrathin SrTiO3 layers by means of piezoresponse force microscopy. Stable ferroelectric nanodomains created in SrTiO3 were observed at temperatures as high as 400 kelvin.
C1 [Warusawithana, Maitri P.; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Cen, Cheng; Sleasman, Charles R.; Levy, Jeremy] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
   [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Li, Yulan; Chen, Long-Qing] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Kourkoutis, Lena Fitting; Muller, David A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Klug, Jeffrey A.; Bedzyk, Michael] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Li, Hao] Motorola Inc, Appl Res & Technol Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA.
   [Ryan, Philip] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Wang, Li-Peng] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA.
   [Wang, Li-Peng] TricornTech, San Jose, CA 95129 USA.
   [Bedzyk, Michael] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
RP Schlom, DG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM schlom@cornell.edu
RI Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk,
   Michael/K-6903-2013; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Levy,
   Jeremy/A-2081-2009; Muller, David/A-7745-2010; Klug, Jeffrey/A-3653-2013
OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781;
   Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977; Muller, David/0000-0003-4129-0473;
   Kourkoutis, Lena/0000-0002-1303-1362; 
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-04-1-0426]; NSF [DMR-0507146,
   DMR-0704022]; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center
   [DMR-0520404, DMR-0520513, DMR-0820404]; U.S. Department of Energy,
   Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38]
FX We thank C. H. Ahn, O. Auciello, V. Gopalan, D. A. Tenne, and F. J.
   Walker for stimulating discussions and interactions during the course of
   this work. Supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0426
   (M.P.W., L.F.K., D.A.M., and D.G.S.), NSF grants DMR-0507146 and
   DMR-0704022, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program
   grants DMR-0520404, DMR-0520513, and DMR-0820404, and, for the work
   performed at Argonne National Laboratory, the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences. Diffraction data were taken
   at sector 33BM of the Advanced Photon Source, which is supported by the
   U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science
   under contract W-31-109-ENG-38.
NR 32
TC 204
Z9 205
U1 16
U2 214
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD APR 17
PY 2009
VL 324
IS 5925
BP 367
EP 370
DI 10.1126/science.1169678
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 433QT
UT WOS:000265221600036
PM 19372426
ER

PT J
AU Bronnimann, S
   Stickler, A
   Griesser, T
   Ewen, T
   Grant, AN
   Fischer, AM
   Schraner, M
   Peter, T
   Rozanov, E
   Ross, T
AF Broennimann, S.
   Stickler, A.
   Griesser, T.
   Ewen, T.
   Grant, A. N.
   Fischer, A. M.
   Schraner, M.
   Peter, T.
   Rozanov, E.
   Ross, T.
TI Exceptional atmospheric circulation during the "Dust Bowl"
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL JET; CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; NORTH-AMERICAN DROUGHT; CENTRAL
   UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; HEAT WAVES; VARIABILITY; SUMMER; TRANSPORT;
   MOISTURE
AB The three-dimensional, regional and large-scale atmospheric circulation during the "Dust Bowl" is analyzed based on newly available historical upper-air data and reconstructed upper-level fields. The Great Plains Low Level Jet, transporting moisture into the region, was weakened on its eastern side, shallower, and penetrated less far north than during wet years. Nocturnal convection was likely suppressed by increased stability. Strong mid-tropospheric ridging was found over the Great Plains, and upper-tropospheric flow anomalies extended from the North Pacific across North America to the Atlantic. These findings provide a dynamical view of the "Dust Bowl" droughts, some aspects of which are distinct from other droughts. It is demonstrated that this is important for assessing predictive capabilities of current modeling systems. Citation: Bronnimann, S., A. Stickler, T. Griesser, T. Ewen, A. N. Grant, A. M. Fischer, M. Schraner, T. Peter, E. Rozanov, and T. Ross (2009), Exceptional atmospheric circulation during the "Dust Bowl," Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08802, doi:10.1029/2009GL037612.
C1 [Broennimann, S.; Stickler, A.; Griesser, T.; Ewen, T.; Grant, A. N.; Fischer, A. M.; Schraner, M.; Peter, T.; Rozanov, E.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Rozanov, E.] WRC, PMOD, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland.
   [Ross, T.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM broennimann@env.ethz.ch
RI Bronnimann, Stefan/A-5737-2008; Grant, Andrea/A-1693-2008; Rozanov,
   Eugene/A-9857-2012; 
OI Grant, Andrea/0000-0002-1553-596X; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488;
   Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991
FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PP002-102731]; ETH
FX The work was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation
   (PP002-102731) and ETH research grants CASTRO and VSGC-II. ERA-40 and
   ERA-interim data were downloaded from the ECMWF server.
NR 29
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 16
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L08802
DI 10.1029/2009GL037612
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 435EY
UT WOS:000265327900007
ER

PT J
AU Massoli, P
   Bates, TS
   Quinn, PK
   Lack, DA
   Baynard, T
   Lerner, BM
   Tucker, SC
   Brioude, J
   Stohl, A
   Williams, EJ
AF Massoli, P.
   Bates, T. S.
   Quinn, P. K.
   Lack, D. A.
   Baynard, T.
   Lerner, B. M.
   Tucker, S. C.
   Brioude, J.
   Stohl, A.
   Williams, E. J.
TI Aerosol optical and hygroscopic properties during TexAQS-GoMACCS 2006
   and their impact on aerosol direct radiative forcing
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; INDUSTRIAL
   EMISSIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ORGANIC AEROSOL; ATLANTIC; HOUSTON;
   URBAN; EXTINCTION; ABSORPTION
AB In situ measurements of aerosol optical and hygroscopic properties were made on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration R/V Ronald H. Brown during the Texas Air Quality Study-Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS-GoMACCS). The aerosol light extinction coefficient (sigma(ep)) was measured at 355, 532, and 1064 nm at 25%, 60%, and 85% relative humidity (RII) for both sub-1- and sub-10-eta m-diameter particles with a cavity ring-down aerosol extinction spectrometer. The 532-nm sigma(ep) was coupled with the 532-nm light absorption coefficient (sigma(ap)) measured with a photoacoustic absorption spectrometer to calculate the aerosol single scattering albedo (omega) with absolute uncertainty < 0.01. The sigma(ep) dependence on RII was expressed in terms of gamma (gamma). The sampled aerosols covered a broad spectrum of gamma and omega values; aerosols from traffic emissions were hydrophobic and highly light-absorbing with gamma similar to 0.4 and omega similar to 0.6, whereas the regional aerosols exhibited variable values of both g and w. Aerosols with the highest sulfate content also had the highest gamma and omega values (>0.65 and >0.9, respectively). The optical data were used to estimate local, top of atmosphere aerosol-induced climate forcing (Delta F-R). The Delta F-R calculations were performed using both omega values measured at 25% RII and omega values converted to ambient RII. The calculated ambient Delta F-R ranged from -7 to -40 W/m(2) with absolute uncertainty between 0.7 and 2.5 W/m(2). The results show that including aerosol hygroscopic properties in climate calculations is critical for improving estimates of aerosol forcing on climate.
C1 [Massoli, P.; Lack, D. A.; Baynard, T.; Lerner, B. M.; Tucker, S. C.; Brioude, J.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Reg & Global Pollut Issues, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
   [Massoli, P.; Lack, D. A.; Baynard, T.; Lerner, B. M.; Tucker, S. C.; Brioude, J.; Williams, E. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Massoli, P (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM pmassoli@aerodyne.com
RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Brioude,
   Jerome/E-4629-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013;
   Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD
   Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165;
   Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; 
FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Program; NOAA Office of Oceanic and
   Atmospheric Research; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; Texas Air
   Quality Study
FX This project was funded by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program,
   the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, the NOAA Health of
   the Atmosphere Program, and the Texas Air Quality Study. Certain
   commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this
   article in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such
   identification does not imply recognition or endorsement by the National
   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, nor does it imply that the
   material or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for
   the purpose.
NR 56
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 2
U2 40
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 16
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D00F07
DI 10.1029/2008JD011604
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 435FL
UT WOS:000265329200004
ER

PT J
AU Chu, XQ
   Faraone, A
   Kim, C
   Fratini, E
   Baglioni, P
   Leao, JB
   Chen, SH
AF Chu, Xiang-qiang
   Faraone, Antonio
   Kim, Chansoo
   Fratini, Emiliano
   Baglioni, Piero
   Leao, Juscelino B.
   Chen, Sow-Hsin
TI Proteins Remain Soft at Lower Temperatures under Pressure
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYDRATION-WATER; DYNAMICAL TRANSITION;
   LIQUID-PHASE; LYSOZYME; BIOCHEMISTRY; SIMULATIONS; MYOGLOBIN; CROSSOVER;
   SOLVENT
AB The low-temperature behavior of proteins under high pressure is not as extensively investigated as that at ambient pressure. In this paper, we study the dynamics of a hydrated protein under moderately high pressures at low temperatures using the quasielastic neutron scattering method. We show that when applying pressure to the protein-water system, the dynamics of the protein hydration water does not slow down but becomes faster instead. The degree of "softness" of the protein, which is intimately related to the enzymatic activity of the protein, shows the same trend as its hydration water as a function of temperature at different pressures. These two results taken together suggest that at lower temperatures, the protein remains soft and active under pressure.
C1 [Chu, Xiang-qiang; Kim, Chansoo; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Kim, Chansoo] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Computat Sci Ctr, Seoul, South Korea.
   [Faraone, Antonio; Leao, Juscelino B.] NIST, Ctr Nuetron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Kim, Chansoo] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
   [Kim, Chansoo] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM sowhsin@mit.edu
RI Chu, Xiangqiang/A-1572-2011; Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Baglioni,
   Piero/B-1208-2011; 
OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Baglioni,
   Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Chu, Xiang-qiang/0000-0003-4320-5316
FU DOE [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; National Science Foundation [DNM-0086210]; NIST
   Center for Neutron Research.; CSGI; MIUR
FX The research at MIT is supported by DOE Grants No. DE-FG02-90ER45429.
   This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science
   Foundation under Agreement No. DNM-0086210. We appreciate technical
   support during experiments from V. Garcia-Sakai, T. Jenkins, M. Tyagi,
   and S. Poulton of the NIST Center for Neutron Research. E.F. and P.B.
   acknowledge financial support from CSGI and MIUR We benefited from
   affiliation with EU funded Mari-Curie Research and Training Network on
   Arrested Matter.
NR 45
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD APR 16
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 15
BP 5001
EP 5006
DI 10.1021/jp900557w
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 430ZG
UT WOS:000265030500005
PM 19323465
ER

PT J
AU Phelan, FR
   Bauer, BJ
AF Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.
   Bauer, Barry J.
TI Comparison of steric effects in the modeling of spheres and rodlike
   particles in field-flow fractionation
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Separations; Complex fluids; Fluid mechanics; Hydrodynamics;
   Mathematical modelling; Simulation; Brownian dynamics; Field-flow
   fractionation; Nanotubes; Steric inversion; SWNTs
ID HYDRODYNAMIC LIFT FORCES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SEPARATION; SIZE;
   CHANNELS; BEHAVIOR; CELLS
AB The elution of spheres and rods in field-flow fractionation (FFF) is studied using a Brownian dynamics method. The particle motions for spheres are governed by a familiar Langevin equation which models drag force and diffusion. The rods are modeled as prolate ellipsoids and the particle motions are governed by a similar but orientation dependent Langevin equation, and the Jeffrey equation with rotational diffusion. Modeling of particle elution for spheres from 10 to 1000 nm was examined. The simulation captures the steric transition, and results for mean elution time are in good agreement with the steric inversion theory of Giddings [Giddings, J.C., 2000. In: Field-Flow Fractionation Handbook, Wiley-Interscience; Giddings, J.C., 1978. Separation Science and Technology 13, 241; Giddings, J.C., Myers, M.N., 1978. Separation Science and Technology 13, 637]. The sphere simulations are compared with simulations for rods of equal diffusivity, as under "normal mode" conditions (i.e., diffusion controlled) such particles should elute at the same rate. The results for rods show that nanotube size particles elute by a normal mode mechanism up to a size of about 500 nm (based on a particle diameter of I nm). At larger sizes, the rods begin to deviate from normal mode theory, but less strongly and in the opposite sense as for spheres. While the steric effect for spheres causes larger spheres to elute faster than predicted by normal mode theory, an inverse steric effect occurs for rods in which larger rods move increasingly slower than predicted by theory. The difference is attributed to the fact that the speed up observed for spheres is dictated by size exclusion of the particles at the boundary, while rods slow down due to increasing alignment at the boundary. Spheres and rods of equivalent diffusivity elute at the same rate up to a sphere size of approximately 90 nm (500 nm rods), at which point there are increasingly greater differences in mean elution times. While this affects the calibration of such operations, it also indicates that length based separations for nanotubes are not bound by the same limitation as occurs for spheres due to steric inversion. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.; Bauer, Barry J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Phelan, FR (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM frederick.phelan@nist.gov
NR 31
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0009-2509
J9 CHEM ENG SCI
JI Chem. Eng. Sci.
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 64
IS 8
BP 1747
EP 1758
DI 10.1016/j.ces.2008.10.006
PG 12
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 435AX
UT WOS:000265316700012
ER

PT J
AU Manning, JP
   McGillicuddy, DJ
   Pettigrew, NR
   Churchill, JH
   Incze, LS
AF Manning, J. P.
   McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.
   Pettigrew, N. R.
   Churchill, J. H.
   Incze, L. S.
TI Drifter observations of the Gulf of Maine Coastal Current
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Lagrangian drifting buoys; Coastal current measurement; Transport
   processes; Drogues; Gulf of Maine; Georges Bank
ID GEORGES BANK; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; BLOOM;
   PLUME; MODEL
AB Two-hundred and twenty seven satellite-tracked drifters were deployed in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) from 1988 to 2007, primarily during spring and summer. The archive of tracks includes over 100,000 km logged thus far. Statistics such as transit times, mean velocities, response to wind events, and preferred pathways are compiled for various areas of the coastal GoM. We compare Lagrangian flow with Eulerian estimates from nearby moorings and evaluate drifter trajectories using Ekman theory and 3-D ocean circulation models.
   Results indicate that the Gulf of Maine Coastal Current is a strong and persistent feature centered on the 94 +/- 23 m isobath, but that particles: (a) deviate from the seasonal-mean core fairly regularly, and are often re-entrained; (b) follow a slower (9 cm/s), less-constrained path in the western portion off the coast of Maine relative to the eastern (16 cm/s) section; and (c) can be affected by wind events and small-scale baroclinic structures. Residence times calculated for each 1/2 degrees grid cell throughout the GoM depict some regions (Eastern Maine and Western Nova Scotia) as being relatively steady, flow-through systems, while others (Penobscot, Great South Channel) have more variable, branching pathways. Travel times for drifters that are retained within the coastal current along the entire western side of the Gulf of Maine are typically less than two months (55 days). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Manning, J. P.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.; Churchill, J. H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Pettigrew, N. R.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
   [Incze, L. S.] Univ So Maine, Aquat Syst Grp, Portland, ME 04101 USA.
RP Manning, JP (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM james.manning@noaa.gov; dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu; nealp@maine.edu;
   jchurchill@whoi.edu; lincze@usm.maine.edu
NR 33
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 2
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 7
BP 835
EP 845
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.12.008
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 438QU
UT WOS:000265571300001
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, DM
AF Murphy, Daniel M.
TI Effect of Stratospheric Aerosols on Direct Sunlight and Implications for
   Concentrating Solar Power
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Light scattering calculations and data show that stratospheric aerosols reduce direct sunlight by about 4 W for every watt reflected to outer space. The balance becomes diffuse sunlight. One consequence of deliberate enhancement of the stratospheric aerosol layer would be a significant reduction in the efficiency of solar power generation systems using parabolic or other concentrating optics. There also would be a reduction in the effectiveness of passive solar design.
C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov
RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; 
NR 11
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 8
BP 2784
EP 2786
DI 10.1021/es802206b
PG 3
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 432ZK
UT WOS:000265172800022
PM 19475950
ER

PT J
AU Gurfinkel, M
   Potbhare, S
   Xiong, HD
   Suehle, JS
   Shapira, Y
   Lelis, AJ
   Habersat, D
   Goldsman, N
AF Gurfinkel, M.
   Potbhare, S.
   Xiong, H. D.
   Suehle, J. S.
   Shapira, Yoram
   Lelis, A. J.
   Habersat, D.
   Goldsman, N.
TI Ion implantation and SiC transistor performance
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE annealing; electron mobility; interface states; ion implantation;
   MOSFET; oxidation; semiconductor doping; semiconductor epitaxial layers;
   silicon compounds; wide band gap semiconductors
ID CHANNEL MOBILITY; 4H-SIC MOSFETS; MOS CAPACITORS; OXIDE; DMOSFETS;
   SILICON
AB SiC metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors grown on low-doped epilayer channels and on ion-implanted channels with either "as grown" or NO annealed thermal oxides have been electrically characterized. The threshold voltage, effective electron mobility, as well as fixed charge, oxide trap, and interface trap concentrations have been separately obtained using conventional dc sweep, capacitance-voltage (C-V), fast current-voltage (I-V), and low frequency noise measurements. The results show that devices with as grown SiO(2) have a much higher density of "slow" bulk oxide traps than devices after postoxidation annealing in NO. The oxide fixed charge density is unaffected by the annealing process. Devices fabricated on ion-implanted channels exhibit only a small increase in the slow bulk oxide trap density and the fixed charge. However, the density of the "fast" interface traps increases dramatically. This suggests that the damage due to the ion-implantation process is mainly interfacial. In contrast to Si devices, this ion-implantation damage is not completely repaired even after annealing.
C1 [Gurfinkel, M.; Shapira, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
   [Potbhare, S.; Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Xiong, H. D.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Lelis, A. J.; Habersat, D.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA.
RP Gurfinkel, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
EM moshegur@post.tau.ac.il
FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP)
FX We would like to thank Cree, Inc. for supplying the samples for this
   work. This work was funded by the NIST Office of Microelectronics
   Programs (OMP).
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 105
IS 8
AR 084511
DI 10.1063/1.3110071
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 471NH
UT WOS:000268064700169
ER

PT J
AU Hegaret, H
   da Silva, PM
   Sunila, I
   Shumway, SE
   Dixon, MS
   Alix, J
   Wikfors, GH
   Soudant, P
AF Hegaret, Helene
   da Silva, Patricia Mirella
   Sunila, Inke
   Shumway, Sandra E.
   Dixon, Mark S.
   Alix, Jennifer
   Wikfors, Gary H.
   Soudant, Philippe
TI Perkinsosis in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum affects responses
   to the harmful-alga, Prorocentrum minimum
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bivalve; Harmful algal bloom; Hemocyte; Perkinsus olseni; Prorocentrum
   minimum; Ruditapes philippinarum
ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EASTERN OYSTERS;
   IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; VARYING PARASITE; CULTURED STRAIN; HEMOCYTES;
   PROTOZOAN; MARINUS; TAPES
AB The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum is increasingly recognized as a harmful algal bloom (HAB) species that affects filter-feeding shellfish. An experiment was done to investigate possible interactions between parasitic diseases and exposure to P. minimum in Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum. Manila clams, with variable levels of infection with Perkinsus olseni, were exposed for three or six days to the benign phytoplankton species Chaetoceros neogracile or a mixed diet of C. neogracile and P minimum. After three or six days of exposure, clams were assessed individually for condition index, parasite status, and plasma and hemocyte parameters (morphological and functional) using flow-cytometry. Histological evaluation was also performed on individual clams to assess prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection, as well as other pathological conditions.
   Prorocentrum minimum caused several changes in Manila clams, especially after six days of exposure, such as decreased hemocyte phagocytosis and size and clam condition index. Pathological conditions observed in Manila clams exposed to P. minimum were hemocyte infiltration in the intestine and gonad follicles, myopathy, and necrosis of the intestine epithelial cells. The parasite P. olseni alone had no significant effect on Manila clams, nor did it modulate the hemocyte variables in clams exposed to P. minimum; however, the parasite did affect the pathological status of Manila clams exposed to the P. minimum culture, by causing atrophy and degeneration of residual ova in the gonadal follicles and hyaline degeneration of the muscle fibers, indicating synergistic effects of both stressors on the host over a short period of time. Additionally, an in vitro experiment also demonstrated detrimental effects of P. minimum and exudates upon R olseni cells, thus suggesting HAB antagonistic suppression of transmission and proliferation of the parasite in the natural environment over a longer period of time. The results of this experiment demonstrate the complexity of interactions between host, parasite, and HAB. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hegaret, Helene; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
   [da Silva, Patricia Mirella; Soudant, Philippe] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM, LEMAR, CNRS,UMR 6539, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
   [Sunila, Inke] Bur Aquaculture, Dept Agr, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
   [Dixon, Mark S.; Alix, Jennifer; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
RP Hegaret, H (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
EM helene.hegaret@gmail.com
RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008
OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013
FU American Museum of Natural History; National Shellfisheries Association;
   Sigma Xi; Connecticut Sea Grant; EPA/ECOHAB [523792]
FX We thank Marcos Paiva Scardua, Nelly Le Goic, Christophe Lambert,
   Thibaud de Bettignies, Hansy Haberkorn, Agnes Travers, Christian
   Mingant, Isabelle Queau, Stephane Pouvreau, jean Rene Le Coz, Philippe
   Miner, Alain Marhic, Anne Donval, and Barry C. Smith for their help
   during the experiment. This work was supported by the Lerner Gray Fund
   for Marine Research from the American Museum of Natural History, the
   National Shellfisheries Association, Sigma Xi, the Connecticut Sea
   Grant, and the EPA/ECOHAB grant number 523792.
NR 48
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
EI 1879-1697
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 371
IS 2
BP 112
EP 120
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.01.016
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 437DK
UT WOS:000265466200002
ER

PT J
AU Lovejoy, S
   Tuck, AF
   Hovde, SJ
   Schertzer, D
AF Lovejoy, S.
   Tuck, A. F.
   Hovde, S. J.
   Schertzer, D.
TI Vertical cascade structure of the atmosphere and multifractal dropsonde
   outages
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAVITY-WAVE SPECTRA; LIDAR DATA; UNIVERSAL SPECTRUM; STRATIFICATION;
   TEMPERATURE; TURBULENCE; DIMENSION; PROFILES; SHEETS
AB We use 220 atmospheric profiles from state-of-the-art dropsondes to test the predictions of multiplicative cascade models of the atmosphere on the horizontal velocity, pressure, temperature, log potential temperature, log equivalent potential temperature, air density, humidity, and vertical sonde velocity. We found that the predictions were accurately verified (to within +/- 1 to +/- 2% over 10 m to 1 km for the statistical moments up to second order); the effective outer cascade scale L-eff was in the range 1-30 km. In order to perform the analyses and to correctly interpret the results, we needed to overcome technical difficulties caused by the sonde's highly intermittent sampling. This intermittency is the result of both data outages and variable sonde fall speeds; we (surprisingly) found that the outages also had a cascade structure. The wide-range scaling of the sampling rate implies a variable sonde resolution, so that interpolation onto regular grids should generally be avoided (e.g., it would give rise to serious artifacts in estimating the corresponding spectra). In earlier studies, before the cascade nature of the outages was understood, interpolation was avoided by studying the fluctuations using all the pairs of measurement points; this was adequate for fluctuation scaling exponents in the range 0 <= H <= 1. However, determining the cascade structure involves systematically degrading the resolution of fluxes (not fluctuations) so that the variable resolution and their attendant biases could not be avoided. We therefore developed a new method of estimating the fluxes and theoretically determined the corrections necessary to estimate the unbiased exponents. The resulting sonde cascade picture was given further support by (much more straightforward) analysis of uniformly sampled vertical cross sections of the atmosphere obtained from airborne lidar. Using the turbulent fluxes obtained from these various sources, we determined the corresponding cascade regimes and the corresponding exponents as well as the small deviations from the theoretical behavior. In addition to the fluxes, we also studied the fluctuations. To do this we generalized the data point pair method (restricted to nonconservation parameters 0 <= H <= 1) to data triplets (extending the method to 0 <= H <= 2). The resulting fluctuations were analyzed using (generalized) structure functions. We found that while the scaling of the fluxes often broke down at scales greater than about 1 km, the scaling of the fluctuations extended over the entire range 10 m to 10 km.
C1 [Lovejoy, S.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada.
   [Tuck, A. F.; Hovde, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Schertzer, D.] Univ Paris Est, CEREVE, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France.
   [Schertzer, D.] Meteo France, Paris, France.
RP Lovejoy, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada.
EM lovejoy@physics.mcgill.ca; dr.adrian.tuck@sciencespectrum.co.uk;
   Daniel.Schertzer@cereve.enpc.fr
RI Lovejoy, Shaun/E-8019-2011; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Manager, CSD
   Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Lovejoy, Shaun/0000-0002-9367-3137; Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; 
NR 30
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D07111
DI 10.1029/2008JD010651
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 435FH
UT WOS:000265328800001
ER

PT J
AU Seo, DJ
   Cajina, L
   Corby, R
   Howieson, T
AF Seo, Dong-Jun
   Cajina, Lee
   Corby, Robert
   Howieson, Tracy
TI Automatic state updating for operational streamflow forecasting via
   variational data assimilation
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Streamflow forecasting; Hydrologic modeling; Data assimilation; State
   updating; Parameter estimation
ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; HYDROLOGIC MODEL;
   OPTIMIZATION; CALIBRATION; ADJOINT; PERFORMANCE; FILTER; RIVER; BIAS
AB In operational hydrologic forecasting, to account for errors in the initial and boundary conditions, and in parameters and structures of the hydrologic models, the forecasters routinely make adjustments in real-time to the hydrometeorological input, hydrologic model states and, in certain cases, model parameters based on streamflow observations. Though a great deal of effort has been made in recent years to automate such "run-time modifications" (MOD) by human forecasters to a possible extent, automatic state updating of hydrologic models is yet to be widely accepted or routinely practiced in operational hydrology for a range of reasons. In this paper, we describe a state updating procedure intended specifically for operational streamflow forecasting for gauged headwater basins, and compare its performance with human forecaster MOD through a real-time forecasting experiment. The procedure is based on variational assimilation (VAR) of streamflow, precipitation and potential evaporation (PE) data into lumped soil moisture accounting and routing models operating at a 1-h timestep. The procedure has been in experimental operation since 2003 at the National Weather Service's (NWS) West Gulf River Forecast Center (WGRFC) in Fort Worth, TX. Also described is a novel parameter estimation and optimization tool, the Adjoint-Based OPTimizer (AB-OPT), used for lumped hydrologic modeling at a 1-h timestep necessary for VAR. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Seo, Dong-Jun; Cajina, Lee] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Corby, Robert; Howieson, Tracy] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, W Gulf River Forecast Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA.
RP Seo, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, W OHD12,1325 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM dongjun.seo@noaa.gov
FU Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) of the National Weather
   Service (NWS); Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) of the
   Climate Program Office (NCPO); National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration (NOAA); Integrated Systems Solutions component of the
   Decision Support through Earth Science Results Cooperative Agreement
   Notice (CAN) National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA)
   [NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-C]
FX This work is supported the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS)
   of the National Weather Service (NWS) and by the Climate Prediction
   Program for the Americas (CPPA) of the Climate Program Office (NCPO),
   both of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and
   by the Integrated Systems Solutions component of the Decision Support
   through Earth Science Results Cooperative Agreement Notice (CAN)
   NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-C of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration
   (NASA). These supports are gratefully acknowledged. This paper has
   benefited greatly from the comments of two anonymous reviewers.
NR 45
TC 59
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 367
IS 3-4
BP 255
EP 275
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.01.019
PG 21
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 432IC
UT WOS:000265125700009
ER

PT J
AU Hyett, G
   Green, MA
   Parkin, IR
AF Hyett, Geoffrey
   Green, Mark A.
   Parkin, Ivan R.
TI Ultra-violet light activated photocatalysis in thin films of the
   titanium oxynitride, Ti3-delta O4N
SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Photocatalysis; Titanium oxynitirde; Titanium dioxide; Raman; X-ray
   diffraction
ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSIS; TIO2; GLASS;
   WATER; ORIENTATION; APCVD
AB A film of the recently reported material Ti3-delta O4N has been shown to be more photocatalytically active than a comparable film of TiO2. The photocatalytic ability was determined using the stearic acid degradation test with 254 nm UV light. Both films were made using atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) at 630 C from titanium (IV) chloride and ethyl acetate, with the oxynitride additionally using ammonia as a nitrogen Source. The films were characterised by XRD and spectroscopic methods. The Raman pattern of Ti3-delta O4N is also reported here for the first time. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hyett, Geoffrey; Parkin, Ivan R.] UCL, Christopher Ingold Lab, London WC1H 0AJ, England.
   [Green, Mark A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Parkin, IR (reprint author), UCL, Christopher Ingold Lab, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, England.
EM i.p.parkin@ucl.ac.uk
RI Hyett, Geoffrey/C-1793-2008; 
OI Hyett, Geoffrey/0000-0001-9302-9723; Parkin, Ivan/0000-0002-4072-6610
NR 22
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 1010-6030
J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A
JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem.
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 203
IS 2-3
BP 199
EP 203
DI 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.01.020
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 439WT
UT WOS:000265659000019
ER

PT J
AU Yi, Z
   Nagao, M
   Bossev, DP
AF Yi, Zheng
   Nagao, Michihiro
   Bossev, Dobrin P.
TI Bending elasticity of saturated and monounsaturated phospholipid
   membranes studied by the neutron spin echo technique
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID LIPID-BILAYER; CHAIN-LENGTH; BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES; SPECTROSCOPY;
   THICKNESS; VESICLES; PROTEIN; MODEL; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; UNSATURATION
AB We have used neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy to study the effect of bilayer thickness and monounsaturation (existence of a single double bond on one of the aliphatic chains) on the physical properties of unilamellar vesicles. The bending elasticity of saturated and monounsaturated phospholipid bilayers made of phospholipids with alkyl chain length ranging from 14 to 20 carbons was investigated. The bending elasticity kappa(c) of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) in the liquid crystalline (L(alpha)) phase ranges from 0.38 x 10(-19) J for 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to 0.64 x 10(-19) J for 1,2-dieicosenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It was confirmed that, contrary to the strong effect on the main transition temperature, the monounsaturation has a limited influence on the bending elasticity of lipid bilayers. In addition, when the area modulus K(A) varies little with chain unsaturation or length, the elastic ratios(kappa c/K(A))(1/2) of saturated and monounsaturated phospholipid bilayers varies linearly with lipid hydrophobic thickness d which agrees well with the theory of ideal fluid membranes.
C1 [Yi, Zheng; Bossev, Dobrin P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   [Yi, Zheng; Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Yi, Z (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
EM dbossev@indiana.edu
RI Yi, Zheng/F-7539-2011; Wunder, Stephanie/B-5066-2012; Zdilla,
   Michael/B-4145-2011
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science
   Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. We acknowledge the support
   of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of
   Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this
   work. We thank Antonio Faraone for valuable discussions and his help
   with the data collection at NCNR and Larry Kneller for his support in
   our data analysis.
NR 38
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 23
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 15
AR 155104
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/15/155104
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 426LA
UT WOS:000264708600004
PM 21825357
ER

PT J
AU Rukhin, AL
AF Rukhin, Andrew L.
TI Identities for negative moments of quadratic forms in normal variables
SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RATIOS
AB Two formulas for the central inverse moments of a quadratic form in normal variables and of the ratio of such forms are established. They relate the quadratic form determined by a positive definite matrix to that defined by the inverse matrix. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Stat Engn Div, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Stat Engn Div, NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-7152
J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT
JI Stat. Probab. Lett.
PD APR 15
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 8
BP 1004
EP 1007
DI 10.1016/j.spl.2008.12.004
PG 4
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 429UR
UT WOS:000264946100002
ER

PT J
AU Paddack, MJ
   Reynolds, JD
   Aguilar, C
   Appeldoorn, RS
   Beets, J
   Burkett, EW
   Chittaro, PM
   Clarke, K
   Esteves, R
   Fonseca, AC
   Forrester, GE
   Friedlander, AM
   Garcia-Sais, J
   Gonzalez-Sanson, G
   Jordan, LKB
   McClellan, DB
   Miller, MW
   Molloy, PP
   Mumby, PJ
   Nagelkerken, I
   Nemeth, M
   Navas-Camacho, R
   Pitt, J
   Polunin, NVC
   Reyes-Nivia, MC
   Robertson, DR
   Rodriguez-Ramirez, A
   Salas, E
   Smith, SR
   Spieler, RE
   Steele, MA
   Williams, ID
   Wormald, CL
   Watkinson, AR
   Cote, IM
AF Paddack, Michelle J.
   Reynolds, John D.
   Aguilar, Consuelo
   Appeldoorn, Richard S.
   Beets, Jim
   Burkett, Edward W.
   Chittaro, Paul M.
   Clarke, Kristen
   Esteves, Rene
   Fonseca, Ana C.
   Forrester, Graham E.
   Friedlander, Alan M.
   Garcia-Sais, Jorge
   Gonzalez-Sanson, Gaspar
   Jordan, Lance K. B.
   McClellan, David B.
   Miller, Margaret W.
   Molloy, Philip P.
   Mumby, Peter J.
   Nagelkerken, Ivan
   Nemeth, Michael
   Navas-Camacho, Raul
   Pitt, Joanna
   Polunin, Nicholas V. C.
   Reyes-Nivia, Maria Catalina
   Robertson, D. Ross
   Rodriguez-Ramirez, Alberto
   Salas, Eva
   Smith, Struan R.
   Spieler, Richard E.
   Steele, Mark A.
   Williams, Ivor D.
   Wormald, Clare L.
   Watkinson, Andrew R.
   Cote, Isabelle M.
TI Recent Region-wide Declines in Caribbean Reef Fish Abundance
SO CURRENT BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MASS MORTALITY; CORAL-REEFS; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM;
   TROPHIC CASCADES; MARINE RESERVES; PROTECTED AREAS; COMMUNITIES;
   POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Profound ecological changes are occurring on coral reefs throughout the tropics [1-3], with marked coral cover losses and concomitant algal increases, particularly in the Caribbean region [4]. Historical declines in the abundance of large Caribbean reef fishes likely reflect centuries of overexploitation [5-7]. However, effects of drastic recent degradation of reef habitats on reef fish assemblages have yet to be established. By using meta.-analysis, we analyzed time series of reef fish density obtained from 48 studies that include 318 reefs across the Caribbean and span the time period 1955-2007. Our analyses show that overall reef fish density has been declining significantly for more than a decade, at rates that are consistent across all subregions of the Caribbean basin (2.7% to 6.0% loss per year) and in three of six trophic groups. Changes in fish density over the past half-century are modest relative to concurrent changes in benthic cover on Caribbean reefs. However, the recent significant decline in overall fish abunclance and its consistency across several trophic groups. and among both fished and nonfished species indicate that Caribbean fishes have begun to respond negatively to habitat degradation.
C1 [Paddack, Michelle J.; Reynolds, John D.; Molloy, Philip P.; Cote, Isabelle M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
   [Paddack, Michelle J.; Watkinson, Andrew R.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
   [Aguilar, Consuelo; Gonzalez-Sanson, Gaspar] Univ La Habana, Ctr Invest Marinas, Havana, Cuba.
   [Appeldoorn, Richard S.; Esteves, Rene; Garcia-Sais, Jorge; Nemeth, Michael] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
   [Beets, Jim] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
   [Burkett, Edward W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Earth Sci, Superior, WI 54880 USA.
   [Chittaro, Paul M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Clarke, Kristen] Univ W Indies, Ctr Marine Sci, Mona, Jamaica.
   [Fonseca, Ana C.; Salas, Eva] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Jose, Costa Rica.
   [Forrester, Graham E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
   [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Jordan, Lance K. B.; Spieler, Richard E.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
   [Jordan, Lance K. B.; Spieler, Richard E.] Nova SE Univ, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
   [McClellan, David B.; Miller, Margaret W.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   [Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Exeter, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Sch BioSci, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England.
   [Nagelkerken, Ivan] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Fac Sci, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Anim Ecol & Ecophysiol, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands.
   [Navas-Camacho, Raul; Reyes-Nivia, Maria Catalina; Rodriguez-Ramirez, Alberto] Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras INVEMAR, Programa Biodiversidad & Ecosistemas Marinos, Santa Marta, Colombia.
   [Pitt, Joanna] Bermuda Govt, Environm Protect Dept, Marine Resources Sect, Coney Isl, Bermuda.
   [Polunin, Nicholas V. C.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
   [Reyes-Nivia, Maria Catalina] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   [Robertson, D. Ross] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst Panama, Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA.
   [Smith, Struan R.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA.
   [Steele, Mark A.; Wormald, Clare L.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
   [Williams, Ivor D.] Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA.
   [Williams, Ivor D.] Hawaii Div Aquat Resources, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA.
RP Paddack, MJ (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
EM michelle.paddack@gmail.com
RI Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Nagelkerken, Ivan/E-1093-2011; Watkinson,
   Andrew/N-1649-2013; Reynolds, John/L-6345-2015; 
OI Nagelkerken, Ivan/0000-0003-4499-3940; Reynolds,
   John/0000-0002-0459-0074; Salas De la Fuente, Eva
   Maria/0000-0002-6941-0548; Forrester, Graham/0000-0001-5253-773X;
   Gonzalez-Sanson, Gaspar/0000-0002-8555-2685
FU UK's Natural Environment Resource Council [NE/CO04442/1]; National Park
   Service, USGS; NOAA- Biogeography Branch; National Science and
   Engineering Research Council of Canada [OGP01 5284]; Puerto Rico
   National Coral Reef Monitoring Program; Department of Natural and
   Environmental Resources; Lianna Jarecki for logistical support; NOAA
   Coral Reef Conservation Program; BBSRC (Biotechnology and Biological
   Sciences Research Council) [01/Al/S/08113]; Netherlands Organisation for
   Scientific Research; MAVDT; COLCIENCIAS; UNEP-CAR/RCU; CORALINA; CEINER;
   UAESPNN; CARICOMP; UK DFID; The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute;
   Government of the Republic of Panama; Kuna General Congress
FX This project was funded by the UK's Natural Environment Resource
   Council, NE/CO04442/1. J.B. and A.M.F. acknowledge the National Park
   Service, USGS, and NOAA- Biogeography Branch. P.M.C. was supported by
   the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant #
   OGP01 5284). R.E. and J.G.-S. were supported by the Puerto Rico National
   Coral Reef Monitoring Program sponsored by NOAA and administered by the
   P.R. Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (PRIDNER). A.C.F.
   and E.S. thank CARICOMP and Jorge Cortes. G.E.F. acknowledges Falconwood
   Corporation for funding and Lianna Jarecki for logistical support.
   M.W.M. and D.B.M. were supported by NOAA Coral Reef Conservation
   Program. P.P.M. was supported by BBSRC (Biotechnology and Biological
   Sciences Research Council) studentship # 01/Al/S/08113 and the John and
   Pamela Salter Charitable Trust. I.N. was supported by a Vidi grant from
   the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). M.G.G. Grol
   is thanked for help with the field work in Grand Cayman. R.N.-C.,
   A.R.-R., and M.C.R.-N. were funded by MAVDT, COLCIENCIAS. and
   UNEP-CAR/RCU. CORALINA, CEINER, UAESPNN, and CARICOMP contributed with
   funds and logistical support. N.V.C.P. was supported by UK DFID. D.R.R.
   was supported by The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the
   Government of the Republic of Panama, the Kuna General Congress. Field
   assistance to D.R.R.: E. Pena, A. Cedeno. M.A.S., C.L.W., and G.E.F.
   appreciate long-term financial support from the National Science
   Foundation; financial and logistical support from the NOAA National
   Undersea Research Program; and the help of numerous field assistants.
   I.M.C. was supported by the National Science and Engineering Research
   Council of Canada.
NR 48
TC 121
Z9 124
U1 3
U2 73
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0960-9822
EI 1879-0445
J9 CURR BIOL
JI Curr. Biol.
PD APR 14
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 7
BP 590
EP 595
DI 10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.041
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 434HX
UT WOS:000265266900029
PM 19303296
ER

PT J
AU Akmaev, RA
   Wu, F
   Fuller-Rowell, TJ
   Wang, H
AF Akmaev, R. A.
   Wu, F.
   Fuller-Rowell, T. J.
   Wang, H.
TI Midnight temperature maximum (MTM) in Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM)
   simulations
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOSPHERE; WINDS
AB Discovered almost four decades ago, the midnight temperature maximum (MTM) with typical magnitudes of 50-100 K has been regularly observed by satellite and ground-based instruments in the tropical upper thermosphere. Although several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the phenomenon, previous attempts to reproduce it with comprehensive thermosphere-ionosphere models have been unsuccessful. First long-term simulations with the Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) reveal the presence of a realistically prominent MTM and reproduce the salient features of its daily, seasonal, and latitudinal variability. Preliminary analysis indicates that the feature may be traced down to the lower thermosphere, where it is manifested primarily in the form of an upward propagating terdiurnal tidal wave. Its spectrum expands to higher-order zonal wavenumbers and frequencies and its phase advances to near midnight higher up in the thermosphere. Possible mechanisms generating this wave may involve nonlinear interactions between other tidal harmonics originating in the middle and lower atmosphere. Our results thus suggest that the MTM is yet another phenomenon driven by dynamical links between the lower and upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Citation: Akmaev, R. A., F. Wu, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, and H. Wang (2009), Midnight temperature maximum (MTM) in Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07108, doi:10.1029/2009GL037759.
C1 [Akmaev, R. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Wu, F.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Wang, H.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Akmaev, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, W-NP9,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM rashid.akmaev@noaa.gov
FU NASA; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)
FX We thank H. J. Singer and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments.
   This work has been supported by the NASA Heliophysics Theory and Living
   With a Star (LWS) programs as well as the Air Force Office of Scientific
   Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI)
   program.
NR 16
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 14
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L07108
DI 10.1029/2009GL037759
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 435EW
UT WOS:000265327700008
ER

PT J
AU Grieshaber, SE
   Farran, AJE
   Lin-Gibson, S
   Kiick, KL
   Jia, XQ
AF Grieshaber, Sarah E.
   Farran, Alexandra J. E.
   Lin-Gibson, Sheng
   Kiick, Kristi L.
   Jia, Xinqiao
TI Synthesis and Characterization of Elastin-Mimetic Hybrid Polymers with
   Multiblock, Alternating Molecular Architecture and Elastomeric
   Properties
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; HUMAN VOCAL FOLDS; CLICK CHEMISTRY;
   BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RAFT POLYMERIZATION; HUMAN
   TROPOELASTIN; CROSS-LINKING; PROTEIN; TISSUE
AB We are interested in developing elastin-mimetic hybrid polymers (EMHPs) that capture the multiblock molecular architecture of tropoelastin as well as the remarkable elasticity of mature elastin. In this study, multiblock EMHPs containing flexible synthetic segments based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) alternating with alanine-rich, lysine-containing peptides were synthesized by step-growth polymerization using alpha,omega-azido-PEG and alkyne-terminated AKA(3)KA (K = lysine, A = alanine) peptide, employing orthogonal click chemistry. The resulting EMHPs contain an estimated three to five repeats of PEG and AKA3KA and have an average molecular weight of 34 kDa. While the peptide alone exhibited alpha-helical structures at high pH, the fractional helicity for EMHPs was reduced. Covalent cross-linking of EMHPs with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) through the lysine residue in the peptide domain afforded an elastomeric hydrogel (xEMHP) with a compressive modulus of 0.12 MPa when hydrated. The mechanical properties of xEMHP are comparable to a commercial polyurethane elastomer (Tecoflex SG80A) under the same conditions. In vitro toxicity studies showed that while the soluble EMHPs inhibited the growth of primary porcine vocal fold fibroblasts (PVFFs) at concentrations > 0.2 mg/mL, the cross-linked hybrid elastomers did not leach out any toxic reagents and allowed PVFFs to grow and proliferate normally. The hybrid and modular approach provides a new strategy for developing elastomeric scaffolds for tissue engineering.
C1 [Grieshaber, Sarah E.; Farran, Alexandra J. E.; Kiick, Kristi L.; Jia, Xinqiao] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
   [Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kiick, KL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM kiick@udel.edu; xjia@udel.edu
FU NSF/DMR Biomaterials Program [0643226]; NSF-Integrative Graduate
   Education & Research Traineeship (IGERT) program; National Institute of
   Health [R01 DC008965, 2P20P-R017716]; Center for Neutron Science at the
   University of Delaware [70NANB7H6178]
FX We thank Carl Giller for his help with acquiring the ATR-IR spectrum,
   The authors thank the NSF/DMR Biomaterials Program (Jia, Career:
   0643226) and the NSF-Integrative Graduate Education & Research
   Traineeship (IGERT) program for funding. This work was also supported in
   part by National Institute of Health (R01 DC008965, 2P20P-R017716) and
   the Center for Neutron Science at the University of Delaware (US
   Department of Commerce, #70NANB7H6178).
NR 71
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 7
U2 70
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD APR 14
PY 2009
VL 42
IS 7
BP 2532
EP 2541
DI 10.1021/ma802791z
PG 10
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 430MD
UT WOS:000264992300033
PM 19763157
ER

PT J
AU Doe, C
   Jang, HS
   Kline, SR
   Choi, SM
AF Doe, Changwoo
   Jang, Hyung-Sik
   Kline, Steven R.
   Choi, Sung-Min
TI Subdomain Structures of Lamellar and Reverse Hexagonal Pluronic Ternary
   Systems Investigated by Small Angle Neutron Scattering
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SELECTIVE SOLVENTS;
   MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS; WATER; OIL; SIZE; MICROEMULSIONS; NANOPARTICLES;
   TEMPERATURE
AB The subdomain Structures of lamellar and reverse hexagonal phases of P84/water/p-xylene ternary system have been investigated by contrast varied small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. As the neutron scattering length density of either polar or apolar domain was varied, the scattering intensities of the first Bragg peaks changed as expected, but the intensities of the second Bragg peaks did not change significantly. This variation of the relative peak intensities can not be explained by the typical simple models where the polar and apolar domains are regarded as homogeneous Mixtures of PEO + water and PPO + oil, respectively, in which case the relative intensities of Bragg peaks do not change. For both lamellar and reverse hexagonal Pluronic ternary systems, the analysis of the contrast varied SANS intensities with subdomain structure models reproduce the experimental data very successfully, showing that a water-rich layer exists in the middle of the polar domain and water- and oil-depleted layers exist at the polar/apolar interfaces.
C1 [Doe, Changwoo; Jang, Hyung-Sik; Choi, Sung-Min] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
   [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Choi, SM (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
EM sungmin@kaist.ac.kr
RI Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011
OI Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417
FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea through the Basic
   Atomic Energy Research Institute (BAERI) program; basic science research
   program [R01-2008-000-10219-0]; CNRF; National Science Foundation
   [DMR-0454672]
FX This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and
   Technology of Korea through the Basic Atomic Energy Research Institute
   (BAERI) program, the basic science research program
   (R01-2008-000-10219-0), and the CNRF project. We thank M.-J. Woo, M.-H.
   Lee, and H.-S. Kim for their assistance with the X-ray measurements.
   This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science
   Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The mention of commercial
   products does not imply endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the
   materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for
   the purpose.
NR 33
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD APR 14
PY 2009
VL 42
IS 7
BP 2645
EP 2650
DI 10.1021/ma802296u
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 430MD
UT WOS:000264992300047
ER

PT J
AU Page, KA
   Park, JK
   Moore, RB
   Sakai, VG
AF Page, Kirt A.
   Park, Jong Kenn
   Moore, Robert B.
   Sakai, Victoria Garcia
TI Direct Analysis of the Ion-Hopping Process Associated with the
   alpha-Relaxation in Perfluorosulfonate Ionomers Using Quasielastic
   Neutron Scattering
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE IONOMERS; GLASS-TRANSITION; ACID IONOMER;
   VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; NAFION MEMBRANE; MELT RHEOLOGY; DYNAMICS;
   BEHAVIOR; ELECTROLYTE; DIFFUSION
AB This work demonstrates the ability of quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) to measure the dynamics associated with counterions in perfluorosulfonate ionomers (PFSIs). PFSI membranes were prepared by neutralizing with hydrogenated alkyl ammonium counterions. Counterion dynamics were measured using the High-Flux Backscattering Spectrometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). Long-range mobility of the counterions was closely linked with the alpha-relaxation in these materials measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The counterion motions in the membrane were found to follow a mechanism of random jump-diffusion within a confined spatial region with diffusion coefficients on the order of 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1). These data are presented along with variable temperature X-ray scattering investigations of the melting behavior of these materials. Altogether, the data presented here show the link between the onset of long-range counterion mobility and the mechanical properties of these materials. These data provide further fundamental understanding of the link between electrostatic interactions and dynamics in PFSI materials.
C1 [Page, Kirt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Park, Jong Kenn; Moore, Robert B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   [Sakai, Victoria Garcia] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Sakai, Victoria Garcia] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Page, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kirt.page@nist.gov
RI Moore, Robert/E-9619-2011
OI Moore, Robert/0000-0001-9057-7695
FU National Research Council-NIST Associateship; National Science
   Foundation [CMMI-0707364, CBET-0756439]; National Science Foundation
   under Agreement [DMR-0454672]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S.
   Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of
   Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CCCCH10886]
FX K.A.P. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Research
   Council-NIST Associateship program. Additional support for this work has
   been provided by the National Science Foundation CMMI-0707364 and
   CBET-0756439. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the
   National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. Use of the
   Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357. SAXS data was collected at the National Synchrotron
   Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory (supported in part by the
   U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division
   of Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CCCCH10886). Certain
   equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in
   order to adequately specify the experimental details. Such
   identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute
   of Standards and Technology nor does it imply the materials are
   necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 51
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD APR 14
PY 2009
VL 42
IS 7
BP 2729
EP 2736
DI 10.1021/ma801533h
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 430MD
UT WOS:000264992300059
ER

PT J
AU Schafer, D
   Gibson, EA
   Salim, EA
   Palmer, AE
   Jimenez, R
   Squier, J
AF Schafer, Dawn
   Gibson, Emily A.
   Salim, Evan A.
   Palmer, Amy E.
   Jimenez, Ralph
   Squier, Jeff
TI Microfluidic cell counter with embedded optical fibers fabricated by
   femtosecond laser ablation and anodic bonding
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION SYSTEM; ON-A-CHIP; FLOW CYTOMETERS; FUSED-SILICA;
   INTEGRATION; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); NETWORKS; DEVICES; LIGHT
AB A simple fabrication technique to create all silicon/glass microfluidic devices is demonstrated using femtosecond laser ablation and anodic bonding. In a first application, we constructed a cell counting device based on small angle light scattering. The counter featured embedded optical fibers for multiangle excitation and detection of scattered light and/or fluorescence. The performance of the microfluidic cell counter was benchmarked against a commercial fluorescence-activated cell sorter. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
C1 [Schafer, Dawn; Squier, Jeff] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Gibson, Emily A.; Palmer, Amy E.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Salim, Evan A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Salim, Evan A.; Jimenez, Ralph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Salim, Evan A.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Schafer, D (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM dschafer@mines.edu
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM084027, R01 GM084027, R01 GM084027-02]
NR 24
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 4
U2 15
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD APR 13
PY 2009
VL 17
IS 8
BP 6068
EP 6073
DI 10.1364/OE.17.006068
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 432BQ
UT WOS:000265108900020
PM 19365429
ER

PT J
AU Chen, J
   Pearlman, AJ
   Ling, A
   Fan, JY
   Migdall, A
AF Chen, Jun
   Pearlman, Aaron J.
   Ling, Alexander
   Fan, Jingyun
   Migdall, Alan
TI A versatile waveguide source of photon pairs for chip-scale quantum
   information processing
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; DISPERSION-SHIFTED FIBER; 2ND
   HARMONIC-GENERATION; ENTANGLED PHOTONS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; DOWNCONVERSION;
   NOISE; KTP
AB We demonstrate a bright, bandwidth-tunable, quasi-phase-matched single-waveguide source generating photon pairs near 900 nm and 1300 nm. Two-photon coincidence spectra are measured at a range of operating temperatures of a periodically-poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) waveguide, which supports both type-0 and type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We map out relative contributions of two-photon to one-photon fluorescence for a range of operating parameters. Such a versatile device is highly promising for future chip-scale quantum information processing. Work of U. S. government; not subject to U. S. copyright.
C1 [Chen, Jun; Pearlman, Aaron J.; Ling, Alexander; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Chen, Jun; Ling, Alexander; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Chen, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jun.chen@nist.gov; jfan@nist.gov
RI Pearlman, Aaron/L-8912-2013; Ling, Alexander/G-7331-2012
OI Pearlman, Aaron/0000-0002-4498-2208; Ling, Alexander/0000-0001-5866-1141
FU University Research Initiative Center for Photonic Quantum Information
   Systems [DAAD19- 03-1-0199]
FX We thank Dr. Tracy Clement for supplying the Matlab codes for
   calculating the Schmidt numbers and the values for entropy of
   entanglement, and Dr. Sergey Polyakov and Dr. Wei Fang for helpful
   discussions. This work has been supported in part by the Intelligence
   Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Polarization-Entangled
   Photon Source Program, and the Multidisciplinary University Research
   Initiative Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems (Army
   Research Office/ IARPA program DAAD19- 03-1-0199). A. J. P. acknowledges
   support from the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research
   Associateship Program.
NR 44
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 13
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD APR 13
PY 2009
VL 17
IS 8
BP 6727
EP 6740
DI 10.1364/OE.17.006727
PG 14
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 432BQ
UT WOS:000265108900092
PM 19365501
ER

PT J
AU Levitus, S
   Antonov, JI
   Boyer, TP
   Locarnini, RA
   Garcia, HE
   Mishonov, AV
AF Levitus, S.
   Antonov, J. I.
   Boyer, T. P.
   Locarnini, R. A.
   Garcia, H. E.
   Mishonov, A. V.
TI Global ocean heat content 1955-2008 in light of recently revealed
   instrumentation problems
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; WORLDS OCEANS
AB We provide estimates of the warming of the world ocean for 1955-2008 based on historical data not previously available, additional modern data, correcting for instrumental biases of bathythermograph data, and correcting or excluding some Argo float data. The strong interdecadal variability of global ocean heat content reported previously by us is reduced in magnitude but the linear trend in ocean heat content remain similar to our earlier estimate. Citation: Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, R. A. Locarnini, H. E. Garcia, and A. V. Mishonov (2009), Global ocean heat content 1955-2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07608, doi: 10.1029/2008GL037155.
C1 [Levitus, S.; Antonov, J. I.; Boyer, T. P.; Locarnini, R. A.; Garcia, H. E.; Mishonov, A. V.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Levitus, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, 1315 EW Highway,Room 4326, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM sydney.levitus@noaa.gov
RI Mishonov, Alexey/F-3211-2011
OI Mishonov, Alexey/0000-0002-2958-8747
NR 14
TC 329
Z9 339
U1 5
U2 98
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 11
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L07608
DI 10.1029/2008GL037155
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 431YU
UT WOS:000265101500001
ER

PT J
AU Quay, PD
   Stutsman, J
   Feely, RA
   Juranek, LW
AF Quay, P. D.
   Stutsman, J.
   Feely, R. A.
   Juranek, L. W.
TI Net community production rates across the subtropical and equatorial
   Pacific Ocean estimated from air-sea delta C-13 disequilibrium
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; ORGANIC-CARBON; GAS-EXCHANGE; EXPORT
   PRODUCTION; SURFACE WATERS; SARGASSO SEA; OXYGEN; CO2; BALANCE;
   TEMPERATURE
AB Rates of net community production (NCP) in the mixed layer were estimated using measurements of the C-13/C-12 of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface waters of the subtropical and equatorial Pacific Ocean on samples collected during nine container ship cruises between California and Australia in 2004-2005. The rate of NCP in the surface mixed layer was determined from the magnitude of the air-sea delta C-13 disequilibrium using mixed layer DIC and DIC13 budgets. The estimated NCP rates between 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S varied from 1.9 to 3.9 mols C m(-2) a(-1) with a mean value of 2.9 +/- 0.8 mols C m(-2) a(-1). NCP rates in the equatorial ocean (3.4 +/- 0.6 mols C m(-2) a(-1)) were higher than in subtropical gyres (2.6 +/- 0.6 mols C m(-2) a(-1)). These rates of NCP were significantly higher than NCP rates previously estimated from DIC drawdown and satellite algorithms of productivity but consistent with NCP estimates from oxygen budgets and inverse models. In this region of the Pacific Ocean the estimated NCP rate was 3.6 Pg C a(-1)
C1 [Quay, P. D.; Stutsman, J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Feely, R. A.; Juranek, L. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Quay, PD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, MS 355351, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM pdquay@u.washington.edu
FU NSF Ocean Sciences [OCE 0327006]; NOAA Office of Global Programs
   [NA17RJ1232]
FX We thank the Alpha Ship company for allowing us to participate in the
   Columbus Waikato cruises and Carrie Wolf and Dave Wisegarver for helping
   to collect seawater samples during these cruises. We especially
   appreciated the efforts of Jackie Leung and the many UW undergraduate
   students who helped with sample preparation in our laboratory. We thank
   Reiner Schlitzer and Kitack Lee for making available their NCP estimates
   along the Columbus Waikato cruise track. In particular, we want to
   acknowledge the financial support by NSF Ocean Sciences under grant OCE
   0327006 and by NOAA Office of Global Programs under grant NA17RJ1232.
NR 47
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
EI 1944-9224
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD APR 11
PY 2009
VL 23
AR GB2006
DI 10.1029/2008GB003193
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA 431YX
UT WOS:000265101800001
ER

PT J
AU Shi, W
   Wang, MH
AF Shi, Wei
   Wang, Menghua
TI Satellite observations of flood-driven Mississippi River plume in the
   spring of 2008
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMAGERY; VARIABILITY; OCEANS
AB Satellite measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua were used to quantify the Mississippi River plume following the intense rainfall and massive flood along the Mississippi River and its tributaries during the spring of 2008. The shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm has been used to derive the total suspended matter (TSM) concentration and the spectral optical features of the Mississippi River plume. Following a significantly increased river discharge, the observed Mississippi River plume was considerably large relative to climatological monthly Mississippi River plume data, which were derived from the six-year MODIS-Aqua time series from 2002-2008. The areal coverage of the Mississippi River plume was double compared to the six-year mean value, with plume areal coverage of 5859, 4984, 4366, and 3050 km 2 for the months of April, May, June, and July in 2008, respectively. Within the plume, significantly elevated TSM concentration was observed with the pronounced normalized water-leaving reflectance at the green, red, and near-infrared wavelengths in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Near the coast, the satellite-observed TSM concentration in April had increased approximately from the 20 mg/l six-year mean value to over 30 mg/ l in the April of 2008. Citation: Shi, W., and M. Wang (2009), Satellite observations of flood-driven Mississippi River plume in the spring of 2008, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07607, doi: 10.1029/2009GL037210.
C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, 5200 Auth Rd,E RA3,Room 102, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov
RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010
OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125
FU NASA; NOAA
FX This research was supported by the NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The
   MODIS L1B data and the Mississippi River discharge data were obtained
   from NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website and the USGS National Water
   Information System, respectively. We thank two anonymous reviewers for
   their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in
   this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an
   official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 20
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 10
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L07607
DI 10.1029/2009GL037210
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 431YT
UT WOS:000265101400003
ER

PT J
AU VanOudenhove, J
   Anderson, E
   Krueger, S
   Cole, JL
AF VanOudenhove, Jennifer
   Anderson, Eric
   Krueger, Susan
   Cole, James L.
TI Analysis of PKR Structure by Small-Angle Scattering
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SAXS; SANS; protein kinase; innate immunity
ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; PROTEIN-KINASE PKR; X-RAY-SCATTERING; INTRINSICALLY
   UNSTRUCTURED PROTEINS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FLEXIBLE PROTEINS;
   MESSENGER-RNA; ACTIVATION; DSRNA; DIMERIZATION
AB Protein kinase R (PKR) is a key component of the interferon antiviral defense pathway. Upon binding double-stranded RNA, PKR undergoes autophosphorylation reactions that activate the kinase. PKR contains an N-terminal double-stranded RNA binding domain, which consists of two tandem double-stranded RNA binding motifs, and a C-terminal kinase domain. We have used small-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle neutron scattering to define the conformation of latent PKR in solution. Guinier analysis indicates a radius of gyration of about 35 angstrom. The p(r) distance distribution function exhibits a peak near 30 angstrom, with a broad shoulder extending to longer distances. Good fits to the scattering data require models that incorporate multiple compact and extended conformations of the two interdomain linker regions. Thus, PKR belongs to the growing family of proteins that contain intrinsically Unstructured regions. We propose that the flexible linkers may allow PKR to productively dimerize upon interaction with RNA activators that have diverse structures. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [VanOudenhove, Jennifer; Anderson, Eric; Cole, James L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
   [Krueger, Susan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 21702 USA.
   [Cole, James L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP Cole, JL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 91 N Eagleville Rd,U-3125, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM james.cole@uconn.edu
RI Cole, James/G-2586-2011; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012
FU National Institutes of Health [AT-53615]; US Department of Energy, Basic
   Energy Sciences; Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38]; BioCAT is a
   research center [RR-08630]; National Institutes of Health; National
   Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX We thank Liang Guo for assistance with the SAXS data collection and
   Pascal Lapierre for assistance with computations. This work was
   supported by grant no. AT-53615 from the National Institutes of Health
   (J.L.C.). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was Supported by the US
   Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under
   contract no. W-31-109-ENG-38. BioCAT is a research center (RR-08630)
   supported by the National Institutes of Health. The neutron scattering
   Studies Utilized facilities supported, in part, by the National Science
   Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0454672.
NR 52
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0022-2836
J9 J MOL BIOL
JI J. Mol. Biol.
PD APR 10
PY 2009
VL 387
IS 4
BP 910
EP 920
DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.02.019
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 434VR
UT WOS:000265302700010
PM 19232355
ER

PT J
AU Ferlaino, F
   Knoop, S
   Berninger, M
   Harm, W
   D'Incao, JP
   Nagerl, HC
   Grimm, R
AF Ferlaino, F.
   Knoop, S.
   Berninger, M.
   Harm, W.
   D'Incao, J. P.
   Naegerl, H. -C.
   Grimm, R.
TI Evidence for Universal Four-Body States Tied to an Efimov Trimer
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; QUANTUM STATES; ATOMS; RECOMBINATION;
   RESONANCE; SYSTEM; CESIUM
AB We report on the measurement of four-body recombination rate coefficients in an atomic gas. Our results obtained with an ultracold sample of cesium atoms at negative scattering lengths show a resonant enhancement of losses and provide strong evidence for the existence of a pair of four-body states, which is strictly connected to Efimov trimers via universal relations. Our findings confirm recent theoretical predictions and demonstrate the enrichment of the Efimov scenario when a fourth particle is added to the generic three-body problem.
C1 [Ferlaino, F.; Knoop, S.; Berninger, M.; Harm, W.; Naegerl, H. -C.; Grimm, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
   [Ferlaino, F.; Knoop, S.; Berninger, M.; Harm, W.; Naegerl, H. -C.; Grimm, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Zentrum Quantenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
   [D'Incao, J. P.; Grimm, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
   [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Ferlaino, F (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
RI Grimm, Rudolf/D-2864-2009; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/E-7329-2010;
   D'Incao, Jose/B-1289-2010; Ferlaino, francesca/E-6726-2012; Knoop,
   Steven/N-6919-2013
OI Grimm, Rudolf/0000-0003-1085-5558; Naegerl,
   Hanns-Christoph/0000-0002-7789-4431; Knoop, Steven/0000-0002-5090-6295
FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [SFB 15]; Lise Meitner program of the FWF;
   NSF
FX We acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) within SFB 15.
   F.F. is supported within the Lise Meitner program of the FWF. J.P.D's
   contribution was supported in part by the NSF.
NR 27
TC 142
Z9 142
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD APR 10
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 14
AR 140401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.140401
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 431SA
UT WOS:000265082500001
PM 19392415
ER

PT J
AU Kiladis, GN
   Wheeler, MC
   Haertel, PT
   Straub, KH
   Roundy, PE
AF Kiladis, George N.
   Wheeler, Matthew C.
   Haertel, Patrick T.
   Straub, Katherine H.
   Roundy, Paul E.
TI CONVECTIVELY COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES
SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES;
   ROSSBY-GRAVITY-WAVES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL WESTERN
   PACIFIC; AFRICAN EASTERLY WAVES; SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION;
   INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; MERIDIONAL WIND OSCILLATIONS;
   WAVENUMBER-FREQUENCY DOMAIN
AB Convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) control a substantial fraction of tropical rainfall variability. Their horizontal structures and dispersion characteristics correspond to Matsuno's (1966) solutions of the shallow water equations on an equatorial beta plane, namely, Kelvin, equatorial Rossby, mixed Rossby-gravity, and inertio-gravity waves. Because of moist processes, the tilted vertical structures of CCEWs are complex, and their scales do not correspond to that expected from the linear theory of dry waves. The dynamical structures and cloud morphology of CCEWs display a large degree of self-similarity over a surprisingly wide range of scales, with shallow convection at their leading edge, followed by deep convection and then stratiform precipitation, mirroring that of individual mesoscale convective complexes. CCEWs have broad impacts within the tropics, and their simulation in general circulation models is still problematic, although progress has been made using simpler models. A complete understanding of CCEWs remains a challenge in tropical meteorology.
C1 [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Wheeler, Matthew C.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.
   [Haertel, Patrick T.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   [Straub, Katherine H.] Susquehanna Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA.
   [Roundy, Paul E.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
RP Kiladis, GN (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM george.kiladis@noaa.gov
RI Wheeler, Matthew/C-9038-2011
OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0002-9769-1973
NR 228
TC 281
Z9 283
U1 6
U2 43
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 8755-1209
EI 1944-9208
J9 REV GEOPHYS
JI Rev. Geophys.
PD APR 10
PY 2009
VL 47
AR RG2003
DI 10.1029/2008RG000266
PG 42
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 432AM
UT WOS:000265105900001
ER

PT J
AU Seaborn, GT
   Smith, TIJ
   Denson, MR
   Walker, AB
   Berlinsky, DL
AF Seaborn, Gloria T.
   Smith, Theodore I. J.
   Denson, Michael R.
   Walker, Abigail B.
   Berlinsky, David L.
TI Comparative fatty acid composition of eggs from wild and captive black
   sea bass, Centropristis striata L.
SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE black sea bass; fatty acids; egg composition; broodstock diets
ID SPARUS-AURATA L.; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; HORMONE-ANALOG;
   DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; MARINE FISH; OVULATION
   INDUCTION; LIPID-COMPOSITION; BROODSTOCK DIETS; HATCHING SUCCESS
AB Lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid compositions were determined in eggs from wild and captive black sea bass, Centropristis striata L., from northern (New England) and southern (South Carolina) regions to determine the effects of diet on egg composition and fertilization success. The formulated diets fed to the northern captive (NC) fish were higher in total lipids (22%) compared with the cut fish and squid diet fed to the southern fish (SC; 3.3% lipid) and had a higher relative amount of linoleic acid (LA) and lower relative amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA). These dietary differences were broadly reflected in the egg lipid composition. The LA levels were higher in all lipid classes in eggs of NC fish while AA levels were lower. The DHA was higher in the major polar lipids (PL) (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine) of SC eggs compared with NC. Compared with wild fish, both captive groups produced eggs with PLs richer in LA and lower in DHA and AA. Over all fish groups, fertilization success was directly correlated with levels of DHA and AA in the PLs and was inversely correlated with LA levels.
C1 [Walker, Abigail B.; Berlinsky, David L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Seaborn, Gloria T.] Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC USA.
   [Smith, Theodore I. J.; Denson, Michael R.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Berlinsky, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, 46 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM david.berlinsky@unh.edu
FU NH Sea Grant
FX We thank Tom Brown and Joe Wade for technical assistance and Margaret
   Holbrook and Dr Jesus Venero for helpful suggestions with this
   manuscript. This study was partially funded by NH Sea Grant. This
   publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product
   or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained
   by the NOAA. No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication
   furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion that would
   indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary
   product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to
   cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this
   publication.
NR 58
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1355-557X
J9 AQUAC RES
JI Aquac. Res.
PD APR 9
PY 2009
VL 40
IS 6
BP 656
EP 668
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02141.x
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 426TG
UT WOS:000264730100003
ER

PT J
AU Contescu, CI
   Brown, CM
   Liu, Y
   Bhat, VV
   Gallego, NC
AF Contescu, Cristian I.
   Brown, Craig M.
   Liu, Yun
   Bhat, Vinay V.
   Gallego, Nidia C.
TI Detection of Hydrogen Spillover in Palladium-Modified Activated Carbon
   Fibers during Hydrogen Adsorption
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PLATINUM
   NANOPARTICLES; STORAGE; NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE; SPECTRA; STATES
AB Palladium-modified activated carbon fibers (Pd-ACF) are being evaluated for adsorptive hydrogen storage at near-ambient conditions because of their enhanced hydrogen uptake in comparison to Pd-free ACF. The net uptake enhancement (at room temperature and 2 MPa) is in excess of the amount corresponding to formation of beta-Pd hydride and is usually attributed to hydrogen spillover. In this paper, inelastic neutron scattering was used to investigate the state of hydrogen in Pd-containing activated carbon fibers loaded at 77 K with 2.5 wt % H(2). It was found that new C-H bonds were formed, at the expense of physisorbed H(2), during prolonged in situ exposure to 1.6 MPa hydrogen at 20 degrees C. This finding is a postfacturn proof of the atomic nature of H species formed in presence of a Pd catalyst and of their subsequent spillover and binding to the carbon support. Chemisorption of hydrogen may explain the reduction in hydrogen uptake from first to second adsorption cycle.
C1 [Contescu, Cristian I.; Bhat, Vinay V.; Gallego, Nidia C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Brown, Craig M.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Contescu, CI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,MS-6087, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM contescuci@ornl.gov
RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Contescu, Cristian/E-8880-2011; Liu,
   Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; 
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Contescu, Cristian/0000-0002-7450-3722;
   Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Gallego,
   Nidia/0000-0002-8252-0194
NR 38
TC 89
Z9 90
U1 7
U2 45
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD APR 9
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 14
BP 5886
EP 5890
DI 10.1021/jp900121k
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 427UX
UT WOS:000264805700075
ER

PT J
AU Roh, JH
   Briber, RM
   Damjanovic, A
   Thirumalai, D
   Woodson, SA
   Sokolov, AP
AF Roh, J. H.
   Briber, R. M.
   Damjanovic, A.
   Thirumalai, D.
   Woodson, S. A.
   Sokolov, A. P.
TI Dynamics of tRNA at Different Levels of Hydration
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PROTEIN DYNAMICS;
   ENZYME-ACTIVITY; TRANSITION; WATER; SOLVENT; MOTIONS; DNA; FLUCTUATIONS
AB The influence of hydration on the nanosecond timescale dynamics of tRNA is investigated using neutron scattering spectroscopy. Unlike protein dynamics, the dynamics of tRNA is not affected by methyl group rotation. This allows for a simpler analysis of the influence of hydration on the conformational motions in RNA. We find that hydration affects the dynamics of tRNA significantly more than that of lysozyme. Both the characteristic length scale and the timescale of the conformational motions in tRNA depend strongly on hydration. Even the characteristic temperature of the so-called "dynamical transition" appears to be hydration-dependent in tRNA. The amplitude of the conformational motions in fully hydrated tRNA is almost twice as large as in hydrated lysozyme. We ascribe these differences to a more open and flexible structure of hydrated RNA, and to a larger fraction and different nature of hydrophilic sites. The latter leads to a higher density of water that makes the biomolecule more flexible. All-atom molecular-dynamics simulations are used to show that the extent of hydration is greater in tRNA than in lysozyme. We propose that water acts as a "lubricant" in facilitating enhanced motion in solvated RNA molecules.
C1 [Roh, J. H.; Briber, R. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Thirumalai, D.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Biophys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Roh, J. H.; Woodson, S. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Sokolov, A. P.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
   [Roh, J. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Roh, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM rohmio1973@gmail.com
RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012; 
OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942; Woodson, Sarah/0000-0003-0170-1987
NR 51
TC 54
Z9 54
U1 0
U2 13
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
EI 1542-0086
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD APR 8
PY 2009
VL 96
IS 7
BP 2755
EP 2762
DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3895
PG 8
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 450BV
UT WOS:000266376900020
PM 19348758
ER

PT J
AU Carter, AR
   Seol, Y
   Perkins, TT
AF Carter, Ashley R.
   Seol, Yeonee
   Perkins, Thomas T.
TI Precision Surface-Coupled Optical-Trapping Assay with One-Basepair
   Resolution
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; STRETCHING DNA; FORCE; TWEEZERS; DYNAMICS; RNA;
   MICROSCOPE; MOTION; TRAPS
AB The most commonly used optical-trapping assays are coupled to surfaces, yet such assays lack atomic-scale (similar to 0.1 nm) spatial resolution due to drift between the surface and trap. We used active stabilization techniques to minimize surface motion to 0.1 nm in three dimensions and decrease multiple types of trap laser noise (pointing, intensity, mode, and polarization). As a result, we achieved nearly the thermal limit (<0.05 nm) of bead detection over abroad range of trap stiffness (k(T) = 0.05-0.5 pN/nm) and frequency (Delta f = 0.03-100 Hz). We next demonstrated sensitivity to one-basepair (0.34-nm) steps along DNA in a surface-coupled assay at moderate force (6 pN). Moreover, basepair stability was achieved immediately after substantial (3.4 pN) changes in force. Active intensity stabilization also led to enhanced force precision (similar to 0.01%) that resolved 0.1-pN force-induced changes in DNA hairpin unfolding dynamics. This work brings the benefit of atomic-scale resolution, currently limited to dual-beam trapping assays, along with enhanced force precision to the widely used, surface-coupled optical-trapping assay.
C1 [Carter, Ashley R.; Seol, Yeonee; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Carter, Ashley R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu
OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490
NR 31
TC 38
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 9
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD APR 8
PY 2009
VL 96
IS 7
BP 2926
EP 2934
DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3933
PG 9
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 450BV
UT WOS:000266376900036
PM 19348774
ER

PT J
AU Duewer, DL
   Jones, WD
   Reid, LH
   Salit, M
AF Duewer, David L.
   Jones, Wendell D.
   Reid, Laura H.
   Salit, Marc
TI Learning from microarray interlaboratory studies: measures of precision
   for gene expression
SO BMC GENOMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE PROGRAM; MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE; REPRODUCIBILITY;
   PLATFORMS; MODEL; TIME
AB Background: The ability to demonstrate the reproducibility of gene expression microarray results is a critical consideration for the use of microarray technology in clinical applications. While studies have asserted that microarray data can be "highly reproducible" under given conditions, there is little ability to quantitatively compare amongst the various metrics and terminology used to characterize and express measurement performance. Use of standardized conceptual tools can greatly facilitate communication among the user, developer, and regulator stakeholders of the microarray community. While shaped by less highly multiplexed systems, measurement science (metrology) is devoted to establishing a coherent and internationally recognized vocabulary and quantitative practice for the characterization of measurement processes.
   Results: The two independent aspects of the metrological concept of "accuracy" are "trueness" (closeness of a measurement to an accepted reference value) and "precision" (the closeness of measurement results to each other). A carefully designed collaborative study enables estimation of a variety of gene expression measurement precision metrics: repeatability, several flavors of intermediate precision, and reproducibility. The three 2004 Expression Analysis Pilot Proficiency Test collaborative studies, each with 13 to 16 participants, provide triplicate microarray measurements on each of two reference RNA pools. Using and modestly extending the consensus ISO 5725 documentary standard, we evaluate the metrological precision figures of merit for individual microarray signal measurement, building from calculations appropriate to single measurement processes, such as technical replicate expression values for individual probes on a microarray, to the estimation and display of precision functions representing all of the probes in a given platform.
   Conclusion: With only modest extensions, the established metrological framework can be fruitfully used to characterize the measurement performance of microarray and other highly multiplexed systems. Precision functions, summarizing routine precision metrics estimated from appropriately repeated measurements of one or more reference materials as functions of signal level, are demonstrated and merit further development for characterizing measurement platforms, monitoring changes in measurement system performance, and comparing performance among laboratories or analysts.
C1 [Duewer, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Jones, Wendell D.; Reid, Laura H.] Express Anal, Durham, NC 27713 USA.
   [Salit, Marc] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.duewer@nist.gov; wjones@ExpressionAnalysis.com;
   Lreid2012@nc.rr.com; marc.salit@nist.gov
NR 29
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T
   4LB, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2164
J9 BMC GENOMICS
JI BMC Genomics
PD APR 8
PY 2009
VL 10
AR 153
DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-153
PG 15
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 455YH
UT WOS:000266804400003
PM 19356252
ER

PT J
AU Angell, JK
   Free, M
AF Angell, James K.
   Free, Melissa
TI Ground-based observations of the slowdown in ozone decline and onset of
   ozone increase
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; EL CHICHON; RECOVERY;
   TRENDS; PROFILES; PINATUBO; IMPACT
AB This paper presents the evidence for a slowdown in ozone decline and subsequent ozone increase using ground-based data, i.e., Dobson, Brewer, and Russian filter ozonometer total-ozone data and Umkehr and ozonesonde-derived layer-ozone data. The impacts of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and 11-year solar cycle were minimized by determining 5-year trends based on 11-year running means. On the basis of 50-60 total-ozone stations, the global trends vary from a maximum negative value of -2.1 +/- 0.6%/decade in 1988 to a value of 0.7 +/- 0.5%/decade at the end of the record in 2000, where the confidence intervals are 2 standard deviations of the mean of the individual station trends. Because of the use of 5-year trends and 11-year running means, the actual year of slowdown in total-ozone decline may be up to 7 years later than the year of maximum negative trend in Our analysis, or close to the 1993-1995 peak, in ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in the atmosphere. Umkehr and ozonesonde-derived layer-ozone trends were determined for 32- to 53-, 24- to 32-, 19- to 24-, 10- to 19-, and 0- to 10-km layers of the north temperate zone. On the basis of four Umkehr stations and about five ozonesonde stations, the integrated layer-weighted Umkehr trends vary from a maximum negative value of -3.8 +/- 0.3%/decade in 1989 to a value of 1.2 +/- 2.1%/decade in 2000, while the integrated sonde trends vary from a maximum negative value of -4.8 +/- 1.6%/decade in 1989 to a value of 1.8 +/- 2.1/decade in 2000. Both Umkehr and sonde data show that nearly half of the increase in north temperate total-ozone trend between 1989 and 2000 is due to trend increase in the low-stratospheric 10- to 19-km layer, with the troposphere contributing only about 5%.
C1 [Angell, James K.; Free, Melissa] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Angell, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM melissa.free@noaa.gov
NR 30
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 8
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D07303
DI 10.1029/2008JD010860
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 431YZ
UT WOS:000265102000002
ER

PT J
AU Gilman, JB
   Kuster, WC
   Goldan, PD
   Herndon, SC
   Zahniser, MS
   Tucker, SC
   Brewer, WA
   Lerner, BM
   Williams, EJ
   Harley, RA
   Fehsenfeld, FC
   Warneke, C
   de Gouw, JA
AF Gilman, Jessica B.
   Kuster, William C.
   Goldan, Paul D.
   Herndon, Scott C.
   Zahniser, Mark S.
   Tucker, Sara C.
   Brewer, W. Alan
   Lerner, Brian M.
   Williams, Eric J.
   Harley, Robert A.
   Fehsenfeld, Fred C.
   Warneke, Carsten
   de Gouw, Joost A.
TI Measurements of volatile organic compounds during the 2006
   TexAQS/GoMACCS campaign: Industrial influences, regional
   characteristics, and diurnal dependencies of the OH reactivity
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TEXAS AIR-QUALITY; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; OZONE
   FORMATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; HYDROXYL RADICALS;
   AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS; STAGNATION EPISODE; PHOTOLYSIS SYSTEM
AB An extensive set of volatile organic (VOCs) and other gas phase species were measured in situ aboard the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown as the ship sailed in the Gulf of Mexico and the Houston and Galveston Bay (HGB) area as part of the Texas Air Quality (TexAQS)/Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) conducted from July-September 2006. The magnitudes of the reactivities of CH4, CO, VOCs, and NO2 with the hydroxyl radical, OH were determined in order to quantify the contributions of these compounds to potential ozone formation. The average total OH reactivity (R-OH,R-TOTAL) increased from 1.01 s(-1) in the central gulf to 10.1 s(-1) in the HGB area as a result of the substantial increase in the contribution from VOCs in the HGB area compared to the gulf was explained by the impact of industrial emissions, the regional distribution of VOCs, and the effects of local meteorology. By compensating for the effects of boundary layer mixing, the diurnal profiles of the OH reactivity were used to characterize the source signatures and relative magnitudes of biogenic, anthropogenic (urban + industrial), and oxygenated VOCs as a function of the time of day. The source of reactive oxygenated VOCs (e.g., for formaldehyde) was determined to be almost entirely from secondary production. The secondary formation of oxygenated VOCs, in addition to the continued emissions of reactive anthropogenic VOCs, served to sustain elevated levels of OH reactivity throughout the time of peak ozone production.
C1 [Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Goldan, Paul D.; Tucker, Sara C.; Brewer, W. Alan; Lerner, Brian M.; Williams, Eric J.; Fehsenfeld, Fred C.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Herndon, Scott C.; Zahniser, Mark S.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
   [Harley, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Gilman, Jessica B.; Goldan, Paul D.; Tucker, Sara C.; Lerner, Brian M.; Williams, Eric J.; Fehsenfeld, Fred C.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Gilman, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jessica.gilman@noaa.gov
RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster,
   William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Brewer, Wm
   Alan/I-3920-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Lerner,
   Brian/H-6556-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Harley,
   Robert/C-9177-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman,
   Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; de Gouw,
   Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917; 
FU Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)
FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the crew of the NOA A
   R/V Brown, NOAA Air Quality and Climate Research and Modeling Programs,
   and funding from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ).
   J. Gilman would like to thank J. Roberts and D. Welsh-Bon of the
   NOAA/ESRL: H. Osthoff of the University of Calgary for helpful
   discussions and D. Hamilton, D. Coffman, and T. S. Bates of NOAA/PMEL.
   for their help and expertise provided throughout the campaign.
NR 79
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 40
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 8
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D00F06
DI 10.1029/2008JD011525
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 431YZ
UT WOS:000265102000006
ER

PT J
AU Long, CN
   Dutton, EG
   Augustine, JA
   Wiscombe, W
   Wild, M
   McFarlane, SA
   Flynn, CJ
AF Long, C. N.
   Dutton, E. G.
   Augustine, J. A.
   Wiscombe, W.
   Wild, M.
   McFarlane, S. A.
   Flynn, C. J.
TI Significant decadal brightening of downwelling shortwave in the
   continental United States
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; SURFACE SOLAR-RADIATION; OPTICAL DEPTH; EARTHS
   SURFACE; TRENDS; IRRADIANCE; RADIOMETER; SURFRAD; COVER; TESTS
AB We conduct analyses of all-sky and clear-sky surface downwelling shortwave radiation and bulk cloud properties using data from several Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) network sites spanning the years 1995 through 2007. Five ARM sites are aggregated to study downwelling shortwave tendencies on global circulation model grid scales, and then six SURFRAD sites plus the central ARM site are aggregated to study the wider scale of the continental United States. We show that widespread brightening has occurred over the continental United States as represented by these measurements over the 12 years of the study, averaging,about 8 W m(2)/decade for the all-sky shortwave and 5 W m2/decade for the clear-sky shortwave. This all-sky increase is substantially greater than the 2 W m(2)/decade previously reported over much more of the globe as represented by data from the Global Energy Balance Archive spanning 1986-2000 and is more than twice the magnitude of the corresponding 1986-2000 2-3 W m(2)/decade increase in downwelling longwave. Our results show that changes in dry aerosols and/or direct aerosol effects alone cannot explain the observed changes in surface shortwave (SW) radiation, but it is likely that changes in cloudiness play a significant role. These SW increases are accompanied by decreasing tendencies in cloudiness, and an increasing tendency in the clear-sky SW diffuse/direct ratio that is often associated with atmospheric turbidity. However, given the many local influences, evidence presented here suggests that the determination of the causes of decadal changes in the downwelling solar radiation at the surface are better studied locally and regionally, rather than on a global or continental scale.
C1 [Long, C. N.; McFarlane, S. A.; Flynn, C. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Climate Phys Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Dutton, E. G.; Augustine, J. A.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Wild, M.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Wiscombe, W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Long, CN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Climate Phys Grp, POB 999,MS K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM chuck.long@pnl.gov; ells.dutton@noaa.gov; john.a.augustine@noaa.gov;
   wwiscomb@bnl.gov; martin.wild@env.ethz.ch; sally.mcfarlane@pnl.gov;
   connor.flynn@pnl.gov
RI McFarlane, Sally/C-3944-2008; Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012; Wiscombe,
   Warren/D-4665-2012
OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849
FU Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy; OAA Climate
   Goal; NASA Radiation Projects Office; Swiss National Centre for
   Competence in Climate Research (NCCR Climate)
FX The authors acknowledge the support of the Office of Science (BER) of
   the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the ARM Program. The NOAA
   contributions are supported by the NOAA Climate Goal and the NASA
   Radiation Projects Office. M. Wild acknowledges the support of the Swiss
   National Centre for Competence in Climate Research (NCCR Climate).
   Recognition is also extended to those responsible for the operation and
   maintenance of the instruments that produced die data used in this
   study; their diligent and dedicated efforts are often underappreciated.
NR 50
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 8
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D00D06
DI 10.1029/2008JD011263
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 431YZ
UT WOS:000265102000004
ER

PT J
AU Miyagawa, K
   Sasaki, T
   Nakane, H
   Petropavlovskikh, I
   Evans, RD
AF Miyagawa, Koji
   Sasaki, Tom
   Nakane, Hideaki
   Petropavlovskikh, Irina
   Evans, Robert D.
TI Reevaluation of long-term Umkehr data and ozone profiles at Japanese
   stations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL-ABSORPTION LIDAR; ALGORITHM; TSUKUBA; DIOXIDE; TRENDS
AB Umkehr observations have been routinely conducted at Japanese stations, Sapporo, Tsukuba, Kagoshima, and Naha, and the Antarctic station, Syowa, for more than 50 years. Umkehr data are a valuable source of information on long-term changes in the ozone vertical profile; however, the Umkehr record at Japanese stations has evident discontinuities. The majority of the discontinuities are related to the exchange of instruments for calibration (for total ozone measurements) and the replacement of instruments. These discontinuities may be related to the difference in instrument characteristics. In this article, reevaluation of the long-term Umkehr data in Japanese network is done by assessment of instrument-related changes in compared N values that exhibit solar zenith angle and total ozone dependence in addition to the step changes. The systematic errors are evaluated by simultaneous intercomparisons of each instrument with the reference instrument. Through this reevaluation, most discontinuities in a station's Umkehr time series are successfully corrected, and new sets of ozone vertical profiles are derived. The ozone profiles retrieved by two available Umkehr retrieval algorithms are compared with ozonesonde observations at every station and ozone lidar observations at Tsukuba. ne results show that the revised Umkehr ozone profiles show improved consistency with both types of auxiliary ozone observations as compared to the old data sets, especially with regard to ozonesonde observations (difference of less than 5%). Trend analyses of the revised Umkehr ozone profile time series show a significant decrease in stratospheric ozone over Japan during the 1980s. It also varies between stations, with Naha showing the least significant trend among Japanese stations and Sapporo exhibiting as much as 6% of ozone decline per decade. In addition, a positive and statistically significant trend is detected in tropospheric ozone column it Naha (similar to 5.5% per decade) and Tsukuba (similar to 3.5% per decade) stations over the last 20 years, but no significant trend is observed over Sapporo.
C1 [Miyagawa, Koji] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
   [Evans, Robert D.] NOAA, ESRL, OAR, Climate Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Nakane, Hideaki] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan.
   [Petropavlovskikh, Irina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Sasaki, Tom] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3200845, Japan.
RP Miyagawa, K (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
EM miyagawa@met.kishou.go.jp; tsasaki@met.kishou.go.jp;
   nakane18@nies.go.jp; irina.petro@noaa.gov; robert.d.evans@noaa.gov
RI Evans, Robert/D-4731-2016; 
OI Evans, Robert/0000-0002-8693-9769; Nakane, Hideaki/0000-0002-9032-6105
NR 33
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 8
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D07108
DI 10.1029/2008JD010658
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 431YZ
UT WOS:000265102000001
ER

PT J
AU Wu, H
   Zhou, W
   Yildirim, T
AF Wu, Hui
   Zhou, Wei
   Yildirim, Taner
TI High-Capacity Methane Storage in Metal-Organic Frameworks M-2(dhtp): The
   Important Role of Open Metal Sites
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; COORDINATION POLYMER;
   CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-STORAGE; BINDING; DESIGN
AB We found that metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds M-2(dhtp) (open metal M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; dhtp = 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate) possess exceptionally large densities of open metal sites. By adsorbing one CH4 molecule per open metal, these sites alone can generate very large methane storage capacities, 160-174 cm(3)(STP)/cm(3), approaching the DOE target of 180 cm(3)(STP)/cm(3) for material-based methane storage at room temperature. Our adsorption isotherm measurements at 298 K and 35 bar for the five M-2(dhtp) compounds yield excess methane adsorption capacities ranging from 149 to 190 cm(3)(STP)/cm(3) (derived using their crystal densities), indeed roughly equal to the predicted, maximal adsorption capacities of the open metals (within +/-10%) in these MOFs. Among the five isostructural MOFs studied, Ni-2(dhtp) exhibits the highest methane storage capacity, similar to 200 cm(3)(STP)/cm(3) in terms of absolute adsorption, potentially surpassing the DOE target by similar to 10%. Our neutron diffraction experiments clearly reveal that the primary CH4 adsorption occurs directly on the open metal sites. Initial first-principles calculations show that the binding energies of CH4 on the open metal sites are significantly higher than those on typical adsorption sites in classical MOFs, consistent with the measured large heats of methane adsorption for these materials. We attribute the enhancement of the binding strength to the unscreened electrostatic interaction between CH4 and the coordinatively unsaturated metal ions.
C1 [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Zhou, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM wzhou@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; 
FU DOE through BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]
FX The authors thank Dr. Jason Simmons for helpful discussions. This work
   was partially supported by DOE through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522
   (T.Y.).
NR 33
TC 313
Z9 317
U1 30
U2 212
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD APR 8
PY 2009
VL 131
IS 13
BP 4995
EP 5000
DI 10.1021/ja900258t
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 427VD
UT WOS:000264806300075
PM 19275154
ER

PT J
AU Faraone, A
   Liu, KH
   Mou, CY
   Zhang, Y
   Chen, SH
AF Faraone, Antonio
   Liu, Kao-Hsiang
   Mou, Chung-Yuan
   Zhang, Yang
   Chen, Sow-Hsin
TI Single particle dynamics of water confined in a hydrophobically modified
   MCM-41-S nanoporous matrix
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrophobicity; molecular dynamics method; neutron diffraction; water
ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; HYDROGEN-BONDED
   LIQUIDS; GLASS-FORMING POLYMERS; SUPERCOOLED WATER; MESOPOROUS SILICA;
   MESOSCOPIC CONFINEMENT; DIFFUSIVE MOTIONS; PROTEIN SURFACES; HYDRATION
   WATER
AB The single particle dynamics of water confined in a hydrophobically modified MCM-41-S sample has been studied using three high resolution quasielastic neutron scattering spectrometers in the temperature range from 300 to 210 K. A careful modeling of the dynamics allowed us to obtain good agreement among the results obtained with the three instruments, which have very different energy resolutions. The picture arising from the data is that, because of the heterogenous environment experienced by the water molecules, the dynamics show a broad distribution of relaxation times. However, the Fickian diffusive behavior is retained. In the investigated temperature range we found no evidence of the dynamic crossover, from a non-Arrhenius to an Arrhenius behavior, which was detected for water confined in hydrophilic MCM-41-S. This finding is in agreement with what was reported by Chu [Phys. Rev. E 76, 021505 (2007)] for water confined in other hydrophobic confining media that the dynamic crossover takes place at a much lower temperature. The results reported in the paper help clarify the role that the chemical interaction between the water molecules and the walls of the confining host plays in determining the characteristics of the water dynamics, as compared to purely geometric constraints such as the size and shape of the pores.
C1 [Faraone, Antonio] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Liu, Kao-Hsiang; Mou, Chung-Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
   [Zhang, Yang; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Faraone, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM afaraone@nist.gov
RI Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; 
OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; MOU, CHUNG-YUAN/0000-0001-7060-9899
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science
   Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The authors are grateful to
   J. Copley, G. Gasparovic, and V. Garcia-Sakai for assistance with the
   data collection on DCS and HFBS. We are also indebted to M. Nagao and W.
   Kamitakahara for critical reading of the manuscript.
NR 58
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 4
U2 18
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
   MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD APR 7
PY 2009
VL 130
IS 13
AR 134512
DI 10.1063/1.3097800
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 431HW
UT WOS:000265053200047
PM 19355756
ER

PT J
AU Collilieux, X
   Altamimi, Z
   Ray, J
   van Dam, T
   Wu, X
AF Collilieux, X.
   Altamimi, Z.
   Ray, J.
   van Dam, T.
   Wu, X.
TI Effect of the satellite laser ranging network distribution on geocenter
   motion estimation
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE FRAME; SURFACE MASS VARIATIONS; LOADING DATA;
   ENERGY BALANCES; TIME-SERIES; LAND WATER; EARTH; DEFORMATION; DORIS;
   DEFINITION
AB SLR network translations estimated between a quasi-instantaneous station position set, theoretically expressed with respect to the center of mass of the Earth ( CM), and a secular reference frame are the signature of the motion of the CM with respect to the Earth crust. Geocenter motion is defined here to be the motion of the CM with respect to the geometric center of the solid Earth surface (CF). SLR translational variations cannot be rigorously interpreted as identical to geocenter motion due to the sparse and nonuniform distribution of the SLR network. Their difference is called the network effect, which should be dominated at subdecadal timescales by loading signals. We have computed translation time series of the SLR network using two independent geophysically based loading models. One is a displacement model estimated from surface fluid data ( Green's function approach), called forward model, and the other is a displacement model estimated from GPS and ocean bottom pressure (OBP) data, called inverse model. The translation models have been subtracted from their respective geocenter motion models computed from degree-1 mass load coefficients in order to evaluate their network effect biases. Scatter due to the SLR network effect is at the level of 1.5 mm RMS. It could slightly shift the phase of the annual SLR geocenter motion estimate by less than 1 month and could affect X and Z annual geocenter motion amplitudes at the 1-mm level, which is about one third of the expected signal. Two distinct methods are suggested to account for network effect when comparing SLR translations to geocenter motion models. The first is to add the network effect term predicted by a displacement model to the geocenter motion loading model. The second relies on an adequate combination of SLR and GPS products to estimate SLR translation that could be better compared with geocenter motion.
C1 [Collilieux, X.; Altamimi, Z.] Inst Geog Natl, Lab Rech Geodesie, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France.
   [Ray, J.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [van Dam, T.] Univ Luxembourg, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
   [Wu, X.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Collilieux, X (reprint author), Inst Geog Natl, Lab Rech Geodesie, 6-8 Ave Blaise Pascal, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France.
EM xavier.collilieux@ign.fr; tonie.vandam@uni.lu; Xiaoping.Wu@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Altamimi, Zuheir/A-4168-2009
NR 48
TC 31
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD APR 7
PY 2009
VL 114
AR B04402
DI 10.1029/2008JB005727
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 431ZQ
UT WOS:000265103700001
ER

PT J
AU Jackson, AJ
   Li, PX
   Dong, CC
   Thomas, RK
   Penfold, J
AF Jackson, A. J.
   Li, P. X.
   Dong, C. C.
   Thomas, R. K.
   Penfold, J.
TI Structure of Partially Fluorinated Surfactant Monolayers at the
   Air-Water Interface
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON REFLECTION; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; HEXADECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM
   BROMIDE; HYDROCARBON SURFACTANTS; TENSION; LAYERS; MIXTURES;
   FLUOROCARBON; NONIDEALITY; ADSORPTION
AB Partially fluorinated cationic surfactants of the form C(n)F(2n+1)C(m)H(2m)N(CH(3))Br have been prepared, and their behavior at the air-water interface has been studied using surface tension measurements and neutron reflectometry. The degree of fluorination has been varied while keeping the overall chain lengths similar. The results are compared with those previously obtained for C(16)H(33)N(CH(3))Br (C(16)TAB). The structural studies show a decrease in molecular orientation with increasing fluorination. The mean tilt away from the surface normal varies from 55 degrees for C16TAB to 25 degrees for C(8)F(17)C(6)H(12)N(CH(3))Br. The interfacial layer roughness is observed to be lower than that expected for a pure fluorocarbon surfactant.
C1 [Jackson, A. J.; Li, P. X.; Dong, C. C.; Thomas, R. K.] Univ Oxford, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England.
   [Penfold, J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
RP Jackson, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ajj@nist.gov
RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008
OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336
NR 34
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD APR 7
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 7
BP 3957
EP 3965
DI 10.1021/la802928f
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 427RY
UT WOS:000264798000008
PM 19714885
ER

PT J
AU Berk, NF
   Majkrzak, CF
AF Berk, N. F.
   Majkrzak, C. F.
TI Statistical Analysis of Phase-Inversion Neutron Specular Reflectivity
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLECTOMETRY
AB The phase-inversion approach to neutron specular reflection is elucidated in a formal setting, in order to emphasize its conceptual coherence and to facilitate study of some of its statistical properties in the context of real data. An operational notion of data degradation is introduced and illustrated with the randomizing effects of shot noise ("counting" noise) and the systematic "bias" induced by data truncation. Some basic statistical effects of phase-inversion are worked out in the new formalism and illustrated by simulated examples. A principal is advanced that phase-inversion sets the limit of available information from specular reflection.
C1 [Berk, N. F.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Berk, N. F.; Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Berk, NF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nberk@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD APR 7
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 7
BP 4132
EP 4144
DI 10.1021/la802779r
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 427RY
UT WOS:000264798000030
PM 19714896
ER

PT J
AU Berk, NF
   Majkrzak, CF
AF Berk, N. F.
   Majkrzak, C. F.
TI Analysis of Multibeam Data for Neutron Reflectivity
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
AB We offer mathematical proof that multiple-beam neutron reflectivity, corresponding to simultaneous collection of data at multiple angles (wavevector transfers) does not perform better, errorwise for counting noise, than single-beam data collection for the same total number of reflected neutrons-and may perform much worse, depending on the beam modulation strategy used. The basic idea is that the nominal statistical benefit of summing data at, say, N different wavevector transfers is undone by needing to collect N differently modulated (i.e., weighted) sums in order to extract the reflectivities. To our knowledge, a general proof of this behavior for arbitrary strategies has been lacking. The formal result can be summarized by saying that the best nondiagonal matrix modulation strategies are orthogonal (unitary) matrices, or constant multiples thereof, and that these can do no better than diagonal-i.e., single-beam-strategies.
C1 [Berk, N. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Berk, N. F.; Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Berk, NF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nberk@nist.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD APR 7
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 7
BP 4145
EP 4153
DI 10.1021/la802780v
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 427RY
UT WOS:000264798000031
PM 19714833
ER

PT J
AU Majkrzak, CF
   Berk, NF
   Kienzle, P
   Perez-Salas, U
AF Majkrzak, C. F.
   Berk, N. F.
   Kienzle, P.
   Perez-Salas, U.
TI Progress in the Development of Phase-Sensitive Neutron Reflectometry
   Methods
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
AB It has been a number of years since phase-sensitive specular neutron reflectometry (PSNR) methods employing reference layers were first introduced to help remove the ambiguity inherent in the reconstruction of scattering length density (SLD) depth profiles (Majkrzak, C. F.; Berk, N. F. Physica B 2003, 336, 27) from specular reflectivity measurements. Although a number of scientific applications of PSNR techniques have now been successfully realized (Majkrzak, C. F.; Berk, N. F.; Perez-Salas, U. A. Langmuir 2003, 19, 7796 and references therein), in certain cases practical difficulties remain. In this article, we describe possible solutions to two specific problems: (1) the need for explicit, detailed knowledge of the SLD profile of a given reference layer of finite thickness; and (2) for a reference layer of finite thickness in which only two density variations are possible, how to identify which of two mathematical solutions corresponds to the true physical structure.
C1 [Majkrzak, C. F.; Berk, N. F.; Kienzle, P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Perez-Salas, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Majkrzak, CF (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM charles.majkrzak@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD APR 7
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 7
BP 4154
EP 4161
DI 10.1021/la802838t
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 427RY
UT WOS:000264798000032
PM 19714897
ER

PT J
AU Heinrich, F
   Ng, T
   Vanderah, DJ
   Shekhar, P
   Mihailescu, M
   Nanda, H
   Losche, M
AF Heinrich, Frank
   Ng, Tiffany
   Vanderah, David J.
   Shekhar, Prabhanshu
   Mihailescu, Mihaela
   Nanda, Hirsh
   Losche, Mathias
TI A New Lipid Anchor for Sparsely Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; 1-THIAHEXA(ETHYLENE OXIDE); POLY(ETHYLENE
   OXIDE); SUPPORTED MEMBRANES; NEUTRON REFLECTION; PROTEIN ADSORPTION;
   SURFACE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; INTERFACE; INSERTION
AB Mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of beta-mercaptoethanol and the new synthetic lipid 1,2-dipalmityl-3[omega-mercaptonona(ethylene oxide)] glycerol (FC16) were investigated for their ability to form sparsely tethered bilayer lipid membranes (stBLMs) completed with various phospholipids. We investigated the structural and functional properties of FC16-based stBLMs and compared these to stBLMs prepared using a previously characterized synthetic lipid, 1,2-dimyristyl-3-[omega-mercaptohexa(ethylene oxide)] glycerol (WC14). FC16-based stBLMs show increased resistivity to ion transfer and an increase in the submembrane space of similar to 0.5 rim. Importantly, FC16-based stBLMs formed well-defined, complete bilayers with charged phospholipids such as 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG). In these, POPG incorporates into the outer monolayer leaflet in the same ratio as in the immersion solution but is excluded from the inner leaflet. In all cases that we have investigated thus far, the area densities of the lipids within the bilayers were on average close to those in free bilayer membranes. For charged phospholipids, FC16 appears to provide a distinct advantage over WC14 for the formation of well-defined stBLMs.
C1 [Heinrich, Frank; Mihailescu, Mihaela; Nanda, Hirsh; Losche, Mathias] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Heinrich, Frank; Shekhar, Prabhanshu; Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   [Ng, Tiffany] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Mihailescu, Mihaela] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Losche, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM quench@cmu.edu
RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013
OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; NSF [DMR-0454672,
   CBET-0555201]; American Health Assistance Foundation [A2008-307]
FX Support by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S. DOC)
   in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work is
   gratefully acknowledged. T.N. was supported by the SURF program funded
   in part by the NSF (DMR-0454672). This work was further supported by the
   NSF (CBET-0555201) and the American Health Assistance Foundation
   (A2008-307). Fruitful discussions with Duncan McGillivray, Gintaras
   Valincius and support from Paul Kienzle in software implementation are
   gratefully acknowledged.
NR 36
TC 69
Z9 69
U1 2
U2 36
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD APR 7
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 7
BP 4219
EP 4229
DI 10.1021/la8033275
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 427RY
UT WOS:000264798000040
PM 19714901
ER

PT J
AU Chung, JY
   Nolte, AJ
   Stafford, CM
AF Chung, Jun Young
   Nolte, Adam J.
   Stafford, Christopher M.
TI Diffusion-Controlled, Self-Organized Growth of Symmetric Wrinkling
   Patterns
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILMS; ELASTOMERIC POLYMER; ORDERED STRUCTURES; SURFACE; MECHANICS;
   SOLVENT; SKINS
AB Symmetric instability patterns in the UV-ozone crosslinked surface of a polystyrene film grow radially outward from local defect sites in the presence of solvent vapor. The diffusion kinetics of the solvent governs the pattern morphology by establishing stress fields that favor the orientation of wrinkles in a dendritic-like spoke pattern (left) or in a target pattern consisting of concentric rings (right).
C1 [Chung, Jun Young; Nolte, Adam J.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chris.stafford@nist.gov
NR 35
TC 97
Z9 98
U1 9
U2 67
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0935-9648
J9 ADV MATER
JI Adv. Mater.
PD APR 6
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 13
BP 1358
EP 1362
DI 10.1002/adma.200803209
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA 436RM
UT WOS:000265432700009
ER

PT J
AU Patridge, CJ
   Jaye, C
   Zhang, HS
   Marschilok, AC
   Fischer, DA
   Takeuchi, ES
   Banerjee, S
AF Patridge, Christopher J.
   Jaye, Cherno
   Zhang, Hengsong
   Marschilok, Amy C.
   Fischer, Daniel A.
   Takeuchi, Esther S.
   Banerjee, Sarbajit
TI Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Electronic Structure of
   Single-Crystalline CuxV2O5 Nanowires
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID COPPER-VANADIUM BRONZE; X-RAY; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; CHARGE
   DISPROPORTIONATION; OXIDE CATALYSTS; V2O5; CU; BETA'-CUXV2O5;
   2-PROPANOL; OXIDATION
AB Single-crystalline copper vanadium oxide nanowires beta'-CuxV2O5 (x similar to 0.60) have been synthesized by the hydrothermal reduction of bulk CuV2O6 using small-molecule aliphatic alcohols as reducing agents. The prepared copper vanadium bronze nanowires are metallic in nature and exhibit aspect ratios as high as 300. The recent discovery of superconductivity and charge disproportionation in bulk beta'-CuxV2O5 has led to renewed interest in these one-dimensional metallic systems. Scaling these systems to nanoscale dimensions offers the potential for further tunability of electronic transport and Li-ion intercalation kinetics. A combination of spectroscopic and electrical measurement methods has been used to provide evidence for the metallic nature and the presence of room-temperature charge disproportionation in these nanowires.
C1 [Patridge, Christopher J.; Zhang, Hengsong; Takeuchi, Esther S.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
EM sb244@buffalo.edu
RI Marschilok, Amy/D-1821-2014; Takeuchi, Esther/D-1825-2014
NR 48
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 32
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD APR 6
PY 2009
VL 48
IS 7
BP 3145
EP 3152
DI 10.1021/ic802408c
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 427DH
UT WOS:000264759500053
PM 19260681
ER

PT J
AU Schmidt, KS
   Feingold, G
   Pilewskie, P
   Jiang, H
   Coddington, O
   Wendisch, M
AF Schmidt, K. S.
   Feingold, G.
   Pilewskie, P.
   Jiang, H.
   Coddington, O.
   Wendisch, M.
TI Irradiance in polluted cumulus fields: Measured and modeled
   cloud-aerosol effects
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We present a new strategy to validate modeled spectral irradiance of shallow cumulus cloud fields in a polluted background with airborne measurements. The concept is based on a spectral distinction of effects associated with heterogeneous clouds, aerosol particles, and surface albedo. We use measurements from the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study, conducted in the urban-industrial Houston area. Modeled irradiance fields were obtained from extensive three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations applied to the output of large eddy simulations. We show that the measurements below clouds or cloud gaps can only be reproduced by the calculations when including the aerosol radiative effects. The technique enables the derivation of measurement-based spectral forcing and absorption of the cloud-aerosol system which will help substantiate model calculations. At 400 nm wavelength, the inclusion of aerosol increases forcing of the cloud-aerosol system by 8%, and absorption by 20%. Citation: Schmidt, K. S., G. Feingold, P. Pilewskie, H. Jiang, O. Coddington, and M. Wendisch (2009), Irradiance in polluted cumulus fields: Measured and modeled cloud-aerosol effects, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07804, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036848.
C1 [Schmidt, K. S.; Pilewskie, P.; Coddington, O.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Feingold, G.; Jiang, H.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Wendisch, M.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
RP Schmidt, KS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 392 Campus Box, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM sebastian.schmidt@lasp.colorado.edu
RI Coddington, Odele/F-6342-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013;
   Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Wendisch, Manfred/E-4175-2013; Jiang,
   Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Coddington, Odele/0000-0002-4338-7028; SCHMIDT, KONRAD
   SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; Wendisch, Manfred/0000-0002-4652-5561; 
FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310085, NA06OAR4310082]; NASA's Radiation Sciences Program
   and the Office of Science (BER); U. S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AI02-05ER63985]
FX We are grateful to the CIRPAS Twin-Otter and California Institute of
   Technology for their help during GoMACCS. This work was supported by
   NOAA grants NA06OAR4310085 and NA06OAR4310082. We thank Warren Gore and
   Tony Trias, NASA Ames Research Center, for their technical support
   before and during GoMACCS. We thank Barry Lefer and staff for
   establishing and maintaining the Houston University AERONET site and
   Dean Atkinson from Portland State University for the in- situ aerosol
   data. Acquisition of the aerosol extinction profiles with the NASA LaRC
   HSRL was supported by NASA's Radiation Sciences Program and the Office
   of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, interagency agreement
   DE-AI02-05ER63985. Bernhard Mayer, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany,
   provided the 3D-RTM MYSTIC.
NR 18
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 4
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L07804
DI 10.1029/2008GL036848
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 428PH
UT WOS:000264860600002
ER

PT J
AU Vargas, M
   Kogan, F
   Guo, W
AF Vargas, M.
   Kogan, F.
   Guo, W.
TI Empirical normalization for the effect of volcanic stratospheric
   aerosols on AVHRR NDVI
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE TEMPERATURES; VEGETATION; ERUPTIONS; LAYER; CLOUDS
AB The 1982 El Chichon and 1991 Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruptions produced large volumes of stratospheric aerosols that affected the environmental indices estimated from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor. As a result the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) used to derive several vegetation health products exhibits a negative bias between approximately 20 degrees N and 20 degrees S during the post eruption years. In this work a statistical method based on Empirical Distribution Functions (EDF) and simple assumptions regarding the state of global vegetation is used to reduce these biases. Results show that the statistical technique effectively reduces the biases allowing the construction of consistent time series from this historical dataset for climate studies. Citation: Vargas, M., F. Kogan, and W. Guo (2009), Empirical normalization for the effect of volcanic stratospheric aerosols on AVHRR NDVI, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07701, doi: 10.1029/2009GL037717.
C1 [Vargas, M.; Kogan, F.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Guo, W.] IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Vargas, M (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd,Suite 712, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM marco.vargas@noaa.gov
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Vargas, Marco/F-5629-2010; Guo,
   Wei/E-7934-2011
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Vargas, Marco/0000-0001-6103-7278;
   Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441
FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research of NOAA
FX This study was supported by the Center for Satellite Applications and
   Research of NOAA. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this
   report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an
   official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 4
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L07701
DI 10.1029/2009GL037717
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 428PH
UT WOS:000264860600004
ER

PT J
AU Hudman, RC
   Murray, LT
   Jacob, DJ
   Turquety, S
   Wu, S
   Millet, DB
   Avery, M
   Goldstein, AH
   Holloway, J
AF Hudman, R. C.
   Murray, L. T.
   Jacob, D. J.
   Turquety, S.
   Wu, S.
   Millet, D. B.
   Avery, M.
   Goldstein, A. H.
   Holloway, J.
TI North American influence on tropospheric ozone and the effects of recent
   emission reductions: Constraints from ICARTT observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; SURFACE OZONE; POLLUTION; ATLANTIC; METEOROLOGY; MODEL
AB We use observations from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) campaign over eastern North America in summer 2004, interpreted with a global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem), to improve and update estimates of North American influence on global tropospheric ozone and the effect of recent U. S. anthropogenic reductions on surface ozone pollution. We find that the 50% decrease in U. S. stationary NOx sources since 1999 has decreased mean U. S. boundary layer ozone concentrations by 6-8 ppbv in the southeast and 4-6 ppbv in the Midwest. The observed dO(3)/dCO molar enhancement ratio in the U. S. boundary layer during ICARTT was 0.46 mol mol(-1), larger than the range of 0.3-0.4 from studies in the early 1990s, possibly reflecting the decrease in the NOx/CO emission ratio as well as an increase in the ozone production efficiency per unit NOx. North American NOx emissions during summer 2004 as constrained by the ICARTT observations (0.72 Tg N fossil fuel, 0.11 Tg N biomass burning, 0.28 Tg N lightning for 1 July to 15 August) enhanced the hemispheric tropospheric ozone burden by 12.4%, with comparable contributions from fossil fuel and lightning (5-6%), but only 1% from biomass burning emissions despite 2004 being a record fire year over Alaska and western Canada.
C1 [Avery, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
   [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Holloway, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Hudman, R. C.; Murray, L. T.; Jacob, D. J.; Turquety, S.; Wu, S.; Millet, D. B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Hudman, R. C.; Murray, L. T.; Jacob, D. J.; Turquety, S.; Wu, S.; Millet, D. B.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Holloway, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Hudman, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM hudman@berkeley.edu
RI Hudman, Rynda/C-6118-2009; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet,
   Dylan/G-5832-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Murray, Lee/F-2296-2014;
   Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014
OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Holloway,
   John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Murray, Lee/0000-0002-3447-3952; 
FU NASA Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program; NOAA Office of Global
   Programs
FX This work was funded by the NASA Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program
   and by the NOAA Office of Global Programs. Aboard the NOAA WP-3D
   aircraft measurements were provided for ozone, NO, NO<INF>2</INF> (Tom
   Ryerson, NOAA ESRL), acetonitrile (Joost De Gouw, CIRES/NOAA ESRL), HNO3
   (Andy Neuman, NOAA CIRES/ESRL), and PAN (Frank Flocke and Aaron Swanson,
   NCAR) and aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft for HCN and PAN (Hanwant Singh,
   NASA Ames), NO<INF>2</INF> (Ron Cohen and Tim Bertram, University of
   California, Berkeley), and NO (Bill Brune and Xinrong Ren).
NR 49
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 24
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 4
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D07302
DI 10.1029/2008JD010126
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 428QE
UT WOS:000264863100001
ER

PT J
AU Russell, LM
   Takahama, S
   Liu, S
   Hawkins, LN
   Covert, DS
   Quinn, PK
   Bates, TS
AF Russell, L. M.
   Takahama, S.
   Liu, S.
   Hawkins, L. N.
   Covert, D. S.
   Quinn, P. K.
   Bates, T. S.
TI Oxygenated fraction and mass of organic aerosol from direct emission and
   atmospheric processing measured on the R/V Ronald Brown during
   TEXAQS/GoMACCS 2006
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; LIQUID SAMPLER PILS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION;
   FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; AMBIENT AEROSOL; SPECTROMETER; PARTICLES; GROWTH;
   HYGROSCOPICITY; PACIFIC
AB Submicron particles collected on Teflon filters aboard the R/V Ronald Brown during the Texas Air Quality Study and Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS/GoMACCS) 2006 in and around the port of Houston, Texas, were measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence for organic functional groups and elemental composition. Organic mass (OM) concentrations (1-25 mu g m(-3)) for ambient particle samples measured by FTIR showed good agreement with measurements made with an aerosol mass spectrometer. The fractions of organic mass identified as alkane and carboxylic acid groups were 47% and 32%, respectively. Three different types of air masses were identified on the basis of the air mass origin and the radon concentration, with significantly higher carboxylic acid group mass fractions in air masses from the north (35%) than the south (29%) or Gulf of Mexico (26%). Positive matrix factorization analysis attributed carboxylic acid fractions of 30-35% to factors with mild or strong correlations (r > 0.5) to elemental signatures of oil combustion and 9-24% to wood smoke, indicating that part of the carboxylic acid fraction of OM was formed by the same sources that controlled the metal emissions, namely the oil and wood combustion activities. The implication is that a substantial part of the measured carboxylic acid contribution was formed independently of traditionally "secondary" processes, which would be affected by atmospheric (both photochemical and meteorological) conditions and other emission sources. The carboxylic acid group fractions in the Gulf of Mexico and south air masses (GAM and SAM, respectively) were largely oil combustion emissions from ships as well as background marine sources, with only limited recent land influences (based on radon concentrations). Alcohol groups accounted for 14% of OM (mostly associated with oil combustion emissions and background sources), and amine groups accounted for 4% of OM in all air masses. Organosulfate groups were found in GAM and SAM, accounting for 1% and 3% of OM, respectively. Two thirds of the OM and oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) measured could be attributed to oil and wood combustion sources on the basis of mild or strong correlations to coemitted, nonvolatile trace metals, with the remaining one third being associated with atmospherically processed organic aerosol. The cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) fraction (normalized by total condensation nuclei) had weak correlations to the alcohol and amine group fractions and mild correlation with O/C, also varying inversely with alkane group fraction. The chemical components that influenced f(RH) were sulfate, organic, and nitrate fraction, but this contrast is consistent with the size-distribution dependence of CCN counters and nephelometers.
C1 [Russell, L. M.; Takahama, S.; Liu, S.; Hawkins, L. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmospheres & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Russell, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0221, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM lmrussell@ucsd.edu; stakahama@ucsd.edu; liushang@ucsd.edu;
   lnhawkins@ucsd.edu
RI Liu, Shang/F-9085-2011; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn,
   Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Liu, Shang/0000-0002-3403-8651; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1231]; James S.
   McDonnell Foundation
FX Sample collection and preliminary analysis were supported by the
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NA17RJ1231; method
   development and statistical analysis to quantify anthropogenic organic
   components were supported by an award from the James S. McDonnell
   Foundation. We thank Stefania Gilardoni, Derek Coffman, Drew Hamilton,
   Catherine Hoyle, and the crew of the NOAA R/V Ronald Brown for
   assistance in preparing and collecting filters for FTIR and XRF
   analysis. We also acknowledge helpful comments from Matt Fraser, Pentti
   Paatero, Greg Frost, Jose Jimenez, and Doug Worsnop.
NR 57
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 5
U2 43
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 4
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D00F05
DI 10.1029/2008JD011275
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 428QE
UT WOS:000264863100006
ER

PT J
AU Ferreira, JG
   Sequeira, A
   Hawkins, AJS
   Newton, A
   Nickell, TD
   Pastres, R
   Forte, J
   Bodoy, A
   Bricker, SB
AF Ferreira, J. G.
   Sequeira, A.
   Hawkins, A. J. S.
   Newton, A.
   Nickell, T. D.
   Pastres, R.
   Forte, J.
   Bodoy, A.
   Bricker, S. B.
TI Analysis of coastal and offshore aquaculture: Application of the FARM
   model to multiple systems and shellfish species
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE FARM; ASSETS; Farm-scale; Model; Aquaculture; Shellfish; Eutrophication;
   Emissions trading; Estuary; Bay
ID CARRYING-CAPACITY; BIVALVE SHELLFISH; MYTILUS-EDULIS; SUSTAINABLE
   MANAGEMENT; TAPES-PHILIPPINARUM; MARINE AQUACULTURE; BOTTOM CULTURE; BOX
   MODEL; MUSSEL; GROWTH
AB The Farm Aquaculture Resource Management (FARM) model has been applied to several shellfish species and aquaculture types. The performance of the FARM model, developed to simulate potential harvest, key financial data, and water quality impacts at the farm-scale, was tested in five systems in the European Union: Loch Cretan, Scotland (Pacific oyster), Pertuis Breton, France (blue mussel), Bay of Piran, Slovenia (Mediterranean mussel), Chioggia, Italy (Mediterranean mussel) and Ria Formosa, Portugal (Manila clam). These systems range from open coasts to estuaries, and are used for shellfish aquaculture by means of different cultivation techniques (e.g. oyster bottom culture in Loch Cretan and mussel longlines and poles in Pertuis Breton).
   The drivers for the FARM model were supplied by measured data, outputs of system-scale models or a combination of both. The results (given in total fresh weight) generally show good agreement with reported annual production (shown in brackets) at each farm: simulated production of 134 tons of Pacific oyster in Loch Cretan (150 tons, -10%), 2691 tons of blue mussel in Pertuis Breton (2304 tons, +17%), 314 tons of Mediterranean mussel in the Bay of Piran (200 tons, +57%), 545 tons of Mediterranean mussel in Chioggia (660 tons, -17%) and 119 tons of Manila clam in Ria Formosa (104 tons, +15%).
   The nitrogen mass balance for each farm was also determined with the FARM model. The net removal of nitrogen (N) by the farms was estimated to correspond to 1206 population equivalents per year (PEQ y(-1)) in Loch Cretan, 93503 PEQ y(-1) in Pertuis Breton, 9196 PEQ y(-1) in the Bay of Piran, 97916 PEQ y(-1) in Chioggia and 8613 PEQ y(-1) in Ria Formosa. The aggregate income due to both the shellfish sale and substitution value of land-based fertilizer reduction or nutrient treatment was estimated to be about 700 k(sic)y(-1) in Loch Cretan, 30,706 k(sic)y(-1) in Pertuis Breton, 3000 k(sic)y(-1) in the Bay of Piran, 30,000 k(sic)y(-1) in Chioggia, and 5000 k(sic)y(-1) in Ria Formosa. Outputs of FARM may be used to analyse the farm production potential and profit maximization according to seeding densities and/or spatial distribution. Results of a marginal analysis for all the study sites were determined. As an example, profit maximization in Loch Cretan was obtained with 97 tons of seed, resulting in a total production of 440 tons (profit of 2100 k(sic) for a culture period of about 2 years).
   FARM additionally integrates the well-known ASSETS model, for assessment of farm-related eutrophication impacts. The assessment results for the five study sites show that water quality is either maintained or improved in all farms under standard conditions of culture practice.
   FARM results may be used by farmers to analyse farm production potential and by managers for environmental assessment of farm-related water quality impacts, whether positive or negative. It is a useful tool for all stakeholders for the valuation of nitrogen credits, which may be traded as part of an integrated catchment management plan.
   The FARM results were scaled up to determine a net value of 11-17 billion (sic)y(-1) of ecosystem goods and services, provided by shellfish culture towards reducing eutrophication in the coastal waters of the European Union. These numbers highlight the role that extractive organic aquaculture plays in integrated coastal zone and nutrient emissions management. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ferreira, J. G.; Sequeira, A.] FCT, DCEA, IMAR, CMA,Inst Marine Res,Ctr Ocean & Environm, P-2829516 Qta Torre, Monte Caparica, Portugal.
   [Hawkins, A. J. S.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.
   [Newton, A.] Univ Algarve, FCT, IMAR, P-8000117 Faro, Portugal.
   [Nickell, T. D.] Dunstaffnage Marine Lab Oban, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland.
   [Pastres, R.] Univ Venice Ca Foscari, I-2137 Venice, Italy.
   [Bodoy, A.] IFREMER, CREMA, F-17137 Lhoumeau, France.
   [Bricker, S. B.] NCCOS, Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Ferreira, JG (reprint author), FCT, DCEA, IMAR, CMA,Inst Marine Res,Ctr Ocean & Environm, P-2829516 Qta Torre, Monte Caparica, Portugal.
EM joao@hoomi.com
RI Nickell, Thomas/A-9068-2010; 
OI Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X; Newton, Alice/0000-0001-9286-5914
FU EU [006540, INCO-CT-2004-510706]; KEYZONES
FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of EU contracts 006540
   (SSP8) (ECASA), INCO-CT-2004-510706 (SPEAR) and KEYZONES (CRAFF). We are
   grateful to P. Tett and H. Vaik for data on Loch Creran, D. Brigolin for
   data on Chioggia and to all the farmers and others who assisted in data
   collection for the study areas. We would like to thank three anonymous
   reviewers who suggested a number of improvements to the first draft of
   this paper.
NR 56
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 8
U2 62
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD APR 3
PY 2009
VL 289
IS 1-2
BP 32
EP 41
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.12.017
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 429TG
UT WOS:000264942400006
ER

PT J
AU Wang, MY
   Overland, JE
AF Wang, Muyin
   Overland, James E.
TI A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years?
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MODEL SIMULATIONS
AB September 2008 followed 2007 as the second sequential year with an extreme summer Arctic sea ice extent minimum. Although such a sea ice loss was not indicated until much later in the century in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4th Assessment Report, many models show an accelerating decline in the summer minimum sea ice extent during the 21st century. Using the observed 2007/2008 September sea ice extents as a starting point, we predict an expected value for a nearly sea ice free Arctic in September by the year 2037. The first quartile of the distribution for the timing of September sea ice loss will be reached by 2028. Our analysis is based on projections from six IPCC models, selected subject to an observational constraints. Uncertainty in the timing of a sea ice free Arctic in September is determined based on both within-model contributions from natural variability and between-model differences. Citation: Wang, M., and J. E. Overland (2009), A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07502, doi: 10.1029/2009GL037820.
C1 [Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Wang, MY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM muyin.wang@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014
FU NOAA; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
   [NA17RJ1232]; U. S. Department of Energy
FX We appreciate the support of NOAA Arctic Research of the Climate Program
   Office and discussions on this topic with many Arctic colleagues. This
   publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of
   the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement
   NA17RJ1232, contribution 1605. PMEL contribution 3261. We also like to
   thank Qiang Fu for his comments and suggestions on the manuscript. We
   acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis
   and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the World Climate Research Programme
   (WCRP)'s Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in
   making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. We would like to
   thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their valuable
   comments. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science,
   U. S. Department of Energy.
NR 25
TC 291
Z9 315
U1 16
U2 85
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 3
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L07502
DI 10.1029/2009GL037820
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 428PG
UT WOS:000264860500007
ER

PT J
AU Muftuoglu, M
   de Souza-Pinto, NC
   Dogan, A
   Aamann, M
   Stevnsner, T
   Rybanska, I
   Kirkali, G
   Dizdaroglu, M
   Bohr, VA
AF Muftuoglu, Meltem
   de Souza-Pinto, Nadja C.
   Dogan, Arin
   Aamann, Maria
   Stevnsner, Tinna
   Rybanska, Ivana
   Kirkali, Gueldal
   Dizdaroglu, Miral
   Bohr, Vilhelm A.
TI Cockayne Syndrome Group B Protein Stimulates Repair of
   Formamidopyrimidines by NEIL1 DNA Glycosylase
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; RNA-POLYMERASE-II;
   TRANSCRIPTION-COUPLED REPAIR; GENE-PRODUCT; CSB PROTEIN;
   SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; HELICASE DOMAIN; OXIDIZED
   BASES
AB Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a premature aging condition characterized by sensitivity to UV radiation. However, this phenotype does not explain the progressive neurodegeneration in CS patients. It could be due to the hypersensitivity of CSB-deficient cells to oxidative stress. So far most studies on the role of CSB in repair of oxidatively induced DNA lesions have focused on 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine. This study examines the role of CSB in the repair of formamidopyrimidines 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua) and 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde), which are substrates for endonuclease VIII-like (NEIL1) DNA glycosylase. Results presented here show that csb(-/-) mice have a higher level of endogenous FapyAde and FapyGua in DNA from brain and kidney than wild type mice as well as higher levels of endogenous FapyAde in genomic DNA and mtDNA from liver. In addition, CSB stimulates NEIL1 incision activity in vitro, and CSB and NEIL1 co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize in HeLa cells. When CSB and NEIL1 are depleted from HeLa cells by short hairpin RNA knockdown, repair of induced FapyGua is strongly inhibited. These results suggest that CSB plays a role in repair of formamidopyrimidines, possibly by interacting with and stimulating NEIL1, and that accumulation of such modifications may have a causal role in the pathogenesis of CS.
C1 [Muftuoglu, Meltem; de Souza-Pinto, Nadja C.; Dogan, Arin; Aamann, Maria; Rybanska, Ivana; Bohr, Vilhelm A.] NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA.
   [Stevnsner, Tinna] Aarhus Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Danish Aging Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
   [Stevnsner, Tinna] Aarhus Univ, Danish Ctr Mol Gerontol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
   [Kirkali, Gueldal; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Dogan, Arin; Kirkali, Gueldal] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey.
   [Muftuoglu, Meltem] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Healthy Ageing, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
RP Bohr, VA (reprint author), NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, Intramural Res Program, NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA.
EM vbohr@nih.gov
RI Souza-Pinto, Nadja/C-3462-2013; 3, INCT/H-4497-2013; Redoxoma,
   Inct/H-9962-2013; Dogan, Arin/L-6443-2015
OI Souza-Pinto, Nadja/0000-0003-4206-964X; Dogan, Arin/0000-0002-5362-5501
FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging; National
   Institute of Standards and Technology
FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by the Intramural Research
   Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on
   Aging, and National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 55
TC 59
Z9 61
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD APR 3
PY 2009
VL 284
IS 14
BP 9270
EP 9279
DI 10.1074/jbc.M807006200
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 425WS
UT WOS:000264669100033
PM 19179336
ER

PT J
AU Lin, YJ
   Compton, RL
   Perry, AR
   Phillips, WD
   Porto, JV
   Spielman, IB
AF Lin, Y. -J.
   Compton, R. L.
   Perry, A. R.
   Phillips, W. D.
   Porto, J. V.
   Spielman, I. B.
CA BABAR Collaboration
TI Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Uniform Light-Induced Vector Potential
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; LATTICES
AB We use a two-photon dressing field to create an effective vector gauge potential for Bose-Einstein-condensed Rb-87 atoms in the F=1 hyperfine ground state. These Raman-dressed states are spin and momentum superpositions, and we adiabatically load the atoms into the lowest energy dressed state. The effective Hamiltonian of these neutral atoms is like that of charged particles in a uniform magnetic vector potential whose magnitude is set by the strength and detuning of the Raman coupling. The spin and momentum decomposition of the dressed states reveals the strength of the effective vector potential, and our measurements agree quantitatively with a simple single-particle model. While the uniform effective vector potential described here corresponds to zero magnetic field, our technique can be extended to nonuniform vector potentials, giving nonzero effective magnetic fields.
C1 [Lin, Y. -J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lin, YJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ian.spielman@nist.gov
RI Perry, Abigail/C-6994-2011; Lin, Yu-Ju/F-7917-2012
FU NSF; NIST-NRC
FX This work was partially supported by ONR, ODNI, ARO with funds from the
   DARPA OLE program, and the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center.
   R. L. C. acknowledges support from NIST-NRC.
NR 21
TC 315
Z9 319
U1 2
U2 27
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD APR 3
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 13
AR 130401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.130401
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 428YS
UT WOS:000264888600001
PM 19392335
ER

PT J
AU Muhlbauer, S
   Pfleiderer, C
   Boni, P
   Laver, M
   Forgan, EM
   Fort, D
   Keiderling, U
   Behr, G
AF Muehlbauer, S.
   Pfleiderer, C.
   Boeni, P.
   Laver, M.
   Forgan, E. M.
   Fort, D.
   Keiderling, U.
   Behr, G.
TI Morphology of the Superconducting Vortex Lattice in Ultrapure Niobium
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD GALVANOMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; ENERGY-GAP; STATE
AB The morphology of the superconducting flux line lattice (FLL) of Nb comprises gradual variations with various lock-in transitions and symmetry breaking rotations. We report a comprehensive small-angle neutron scattering study of the FLL in an ultrapure single crystal of Nb as a function of the orientation of the applied magnetic field. We attribute the general morphology of the FLL and its orientation to three dominant mechanisms; first, nonlocal contributions, second, the transition between open and closed Fermi surface sheets and, third, the intermediate mixed state between the Meissner and the Shubnikov phase.
C1 [Muehlbauer, S.; Pfleiderer, C.; Boeni, P.] Tech Univ Munich, Phy Dept E21, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
   [Muehlbauer, S.] Forsch Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
   [Laver, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Laver, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Keiderling, U.] BENSC, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
   [Behr, G.] Leibnitz Inst Festkorper & Werkstoffforsch IFW, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
   [Forgan, E. M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
RP Muhlbauer, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Phy Dept E21, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
RI Pfleiderer, Christian/P-3575-2014
NR 22
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD APR 3
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 13
AR 136408
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.136408
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 428YS
UT WOS:000264888600049
PM 19392383
ER

PT J
AU Osthoff, HD
   Bates, TS
   Johnson, JE
   Kuster, WC
   Goldan, P
   Sommariva, R
   Williams, EJ
   Lerner, BM
   Warneke, C
   de Gouw, JA
   Pettersson, A
   Baynard, T
   Meagher, JF
   Fehsenfeld, FC
   Ravishankara, AR
   Brown, SS
AF Osthoff, Hans D.
   Bates, Timothy S.
   Johnson, James E.
   Kuster, William C.
   Goldan, Paul
   Sommariva, Roberto
   Williams, Eric J.
   Lerner, Brian M.
   Warneke, Carsten
   de Gouw, Joost A.
   Pettersson, Anders
   Baynard, Tahllee
   Meagher, James F.
   Fehsenfeld, Frederick C.
   Ravishankara, A. R.
   Brown, Steven S.
TI Regional variation of the dimethyl sulfide oxidation mechanism in the
   summertime marine boundary layer in the Gulf of Maine
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; EXPERIMENT ACE 1;
   MCM V3 PART; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; CHEMISTRY;
   MODEL; PRODUCTS; NO3
AB Mixing ratios of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its nighttime oxidant, the nitrate radical (NO3), were measured in the summertime marine boundary layer (MBL) of the Gulf of Maine during the New England Air Quality Study-International Transport and Chemical Transformation campaign in 2004. DMS fluxes from the ocean were derived from simultaneous measurements of the wind speed and DMS in seawater. Day and night DMS oxidation rates were determined from modeled OH and measured NO3 concentrations. The average DMS lifetime with respect to oxidation by OH at noon was 13.5 +/- 3.4 (1 sigma) h, while at night, DMS lifetimes with respect to NO3 oxidation varied by sampling region from 11 min to 28 h. Oxidation by photochemically generated halogen species likely also played a role during the day, although the nature and extent of the halogen species is more difficult to predict due to lack of halogen measurements. Closure of the DMS budget in the MBL required a vertical entrainment velocity of similar to 0.4 cm s(-1). This study suggests that entrainment of DMS out of the MBL competes with daytime oxidation and that the presence of pollution in the form of NOx and O-3 in near-coastal regions at night results in nearly complete DMS oxidation within the MBL via reaction with NO3, with a much smaller contribution from entrainment. One potential implication of near-complete DMS oxidation within the MBL is a reduction of the amount of sulfur available for aerosol formation and growth at higher altitudes in the atmosphere.
C1 [Osthoff, Hans D.; Kuster, William C.; Goldan, Paul; Sommariva, Roberto; Williams, Eric J.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Pettersson, Anders; Baynard, Tahllee; Meagher, James F.; Fehsenfeld, Frederick C.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Bates, Timothy S.; Johnson, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Osthoff, Hans D.; Goldan, Paul; Sommariva, Roberto; Williams, Eric J.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Pettersson, Anders; Baynard, Tahllee; Fehsenfeld, Frederick C.; Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Johnson, James E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Osthoff, HD (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov
RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster,
   William/E-7421-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara,
   Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Manager, CSD
   Publications/B-2789-2015; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Sommariva,
   Roberto/M-5361-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Bates,
   Timothy/L-6080-2016
OI Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588;
   Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Sommariva,
   Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; 
FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program
FX The authors thank the crew and fellow scientists on board R/V Brown
   during NEAQS-ITCT 2004 and Roland von Glasow and Harald Stark for useful
   discussions in the preparation of this manuscript. Funding was provided
   in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program and in part by NOAA's
   Atmospheric Composition and Climate program.
NR 50
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 26
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 2
PY 2009
VL 114
AR D07301
DI 10.1029/2008JD010990
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 428PU
UT WOS:000264862000004
ER

PT J
AU Raman, B
   Meier, DC
   Evju, JK
   Semancik, S
AF Raman, Baranidharan
   Meier, Douglas C.
   Evju, Jon K.
   Semancik, Steve
TI Designing and optimizing microsensor arrays for recognizing chemical
   hazards in complex environments
SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Microsensor arrays; Metal oxide sensors; Toxic industrial chemicals;
   Statistical analysis; Material evaluation; Selection and optimization
ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WARFARE AGENTS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SENSOR ARRAYS;
   CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUTURE
AB A generic approach to designing microsensor arrays for complex chemical sensing tasks is described and demonstrated for the problem of recognizing chemical hazards at sublethal concentrations, under varying ambient conditions, and in the presence of interfering chemicals. We present statistical methods to systematically assess the analytical information obtained from the conductometric responses of chemiresistive elements at different operating temperatures, test their reproducibility, and determine an optimal set of material compositions to be incorporated within an array for individual species recognition. These advances are critical to the production of pre-programmed microsensors for non-invasive trace analyte detection relevant to homeland security, medical diagnostics, and other applications. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Raman, Baranidharan; Meier, Douglas C.; Evju, Jon K.; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Raman, Baranidharan] NICHD, Lab Cellular & Synapt Neurophysiol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Semancik, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM steves@nist.gov
FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology
   Directorate; NIH(NIBIB)-NIST
FX We acknowledge partial financial support of this project by the U.S.
   Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate. BR
   was supported by a NIH(NIBIB)-NIST joint Postdoctoral Associateship
   Award administered through the National Research Council. We thank Kurt
   Benkstein, Mike Carrier, Steve Fick, Jim Melvin, Wyatt Miller, Chip
   Montgomery, Casey Mungle, Jim Yost, Blaine Young, and Li Zhang for their
   valuable contributions to this project. We are grateful to Mark Stopfer
   for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.
NR 33
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-4005
J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM
JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem.
PD APR 2
PY 2009
VL 137
IS 2
BP 617
EP 629
DI 10.1016/j.snb.2008.11.053
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 435EI
UT WOS:000265326100036
ER

PT J
AU DeLongchamp, DM
   Kline, RJ
   Jung, Y
   Germack, DS
   Lin, EK
   Moad, AJ
   Richter, LJ
   Toney, MF
   Heeney, M
   McCulloch, I
AF DeLongchamp, Dean M.
   Kline, R. Joseph
   Jung, Youngsuk
   Germack, David S.
   Lin, Eric K.
   Moad, Andrew J.
   Richter, Lee J.
   Toney, Michael F.
   Heeney, Martin
   McCulloch, Iain
TI Controlling the Orientation of Terraced Nanoscale "Ribbons" of a
   Poly(thiophene) Semiconductor
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE polythiophene; crystal; nanoribbon; orientation; organic semiconductor
ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYFLUORENE; FIELD-EFFECT MOBILITY; REGIOREGULAR
   POLY(3-HEXYL THIOPHENE); MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE; ORIENTED
   THIN-FILMS; POLARIZED ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; THERMOTROPIC ALIGNMENT;
   TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; CONJUGATED POLYMER; EFFECT TRANSISTORS
AB The large-scale manufacture of organic electronics devices becomes more feasible if the molecular orientation and morphology of the semiconductor can be controlled. Here, we report on a previously unidentified crystal shape of terraced nanoscale "ribbons" in thin films of poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (pBTTT). The ribbons form after a pBTTT film is heated above its highest temperature phase transition. In contrast to the wide terrace crystal shape previously reported, terraced ribbons have lateral widths of approximate to 60 nm and lengths greater than 10 mu m, with a common orientation between adjacent ribbons. Further, we report a simple and scalable flow coating process that can control the ribbon orientation without requiring special substrates or external fields. The degree of molecular orientation is small after coating but increases dramatically after the terraced ribbons are formed, indicating that an oriented minority templates the whole film structure. The large extent of orientation obtained in these polythiophene crystallites provides potential opportunities to exploit anisotropic electrical properties and to obtain detailed information about the structure of organic semiconductor thin films.
C1 [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Kline, R. Joseph; Jung, Youngsuk; Germack, David S.; Lin, Eric K.; Moad, Andrew J.; Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Heeney, Martin] Univ London, London E1 4NS, England.
   [McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England.
RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov
RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Richter,
   Lee/N-7730-2016
OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724
NR 46
TC 84
Z9 84
U1 7
U2 65
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 3
IS 4
BP 780
EP 787
DI 10.1021/nn800574f
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 439HR
UT WOS:000265618700009
PM 19317410
ER

PT J
AU Chung, JY
   Chastek, TQ
   Fasolka, MJ
   Ro, HW
   Stafford, CM
AF Chung, Jun Young
   Chastek, Thomas Q.
   Fasolka, Michael J.
   Ro, Hyun Wook
   Stafford, Christopher M.
TI Quantifying Residual Stress in Nanoscale Thin Polymer Films via Surface
   Wrinkling
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE coatings; mechanical properties; nanoscale thin films; polymers;
   residual stress; small-angle light scattering; surface wrinkling
ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; INTERNAL-STRESS; SPIN-CAST; BUCKLING
   INSTABILITY; THERMAL-STRESS; ELASTIC-MODULI; COATINGS; SOLVENT;
   BEHAVIOR; PLATES
AB Residual stress, a pervasive consequence of solid materials processing, is stress that remains in a material after external forces have been removed. In polymeric materials, residual stress results from processes, such as film formation, that force and then trap polymer chains into nonequilibrium stressed conformations. In solvent-cast films, which are central to a wide range of technologies, residual stress can cause detrimental effects, including microscopic defect formation and macroscopic dimensional changes. Since residual stress is difficult to measure accurately, particularly in nanoscale thin polymer films, it remains a challenge to understand and control. We present here a quantitative method of assessing residual stress in polymer thin films by monitoring the onset of strain-induced wrinkling instabilities. Using this approach, we show that thin (> 100 nm) polystyrene films prepared via spin-coating possess residual stresses of approximate to 30 MPa, close to the crazing and yield stress. In contrast to conventional stress measurement techniques such as wafer curvature, our technique has the resolution to measure residual stress in films as thin as 25 nm. Furthermore, we measure the dissipation of residual stress through two relaxation mechanisms: thermal annealing and plasticizer addition. In quantifying the amount of residual stress in these films, we find that the residual stress gradually decreases with increasing annealing time and plasticizer amounts. Our robust and simple route to measure residual stress adds a key component to the understanding of polymer thin film behavior and will enable identification of more effective processing routes that mitigate the detrimental effects of residual stress.
C1 [Chung, Jun Young; Chastek, Thomas Q.; Fasolka, Michael J.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chris.stafford@nist.gov
NR 53
TC 64
Z9 64
U1 7
U2 84
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 3
IS 4
BP 844
EP 852
DI 10.1021/nn800853y
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 439HR
UT WOS:000265618700016
PM 19298053
ER

PT J
AU Carr, LD
   McKagan, SB
AF Carr, L. D.
   McKagan, S. B.
TI Graduate quantum mechanics reform
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE physics education; quantum theory; teaching
ID RELATIVE STATE FORMULATION; PHYSICS; MODELS; TIME
AB We address four main areas in which graduate quantum mechanics education can be improved: course content, textbook, teaching methods, and assessment tools. We report on a three year longitudinal study at the Colorado School of Mines using innovations in all these areas. In particular, we have modified the content of the course to reflect progress in the field of quantum mechanics over the last 50 years, used textbooks that include such content, incorporated a variety of teaching techniques based on physics education research, and used a variety of assessment tools to study the effectiveness of these reforms. We present a new assessment tool, the Graduate Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey, and further testing of a previously developed assessment tool, the Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey. We find that graduate students respond well to research-based techniques that have been tested mainly in introductory courses, and that they learn much of the new content introduced in each version of the course. We also find that students' ability to answer conceptual questions about graduate quantum mechanics is highly correlated with their ability to solve calculational problems on the same topics. In contrast, we find that students' understanding of basic undergraduate quantum mechanics concepts at the modern physics level is not improved by instruction at the graduate level.
C1 [Carr, L. D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [McKagan, S. B.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [McKagan, S. B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Carr, LD (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Carr, Lincoln/E-3819-2016
OI Carr, Lincoln/0000-0002-4848-7941
NR 50
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0002-9505
J9 AM J PHYS
JI Am. J. Phys.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 77
IS 4
BP 308
EP 319
DI 10.1119/1.3079689
PG 12
WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Physics
GA 420MP
UT WOS:000264294200004
ER

PT J
AU Parsons, KM
   Balcomb, KC
   Ford, JKB
   Durban, JW
AF Parsons, K. M.
   Balcomb, K. C., III
   Ford, J. K. B.
   Durban, J. W.
TI The social dynamics of southern resident killer whales and conservation
   implications for this endangered population
SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
LA English
DT Article
DE association; conservation; endangered; killer whale; mammal; Orcinus
   orca; social dynamic; social structure
ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; ORCINUS-ORCA; GROUP-SIZE; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION;
   ORGANIZATION; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS; ASSOCIATION
AB Quantitatively characterizing the social structure of a population provides important insight into the forces shaping key population processes. Moreover, long-term social dynamics provide an avenue for understanding population-level responses to changes in socioecological conditions. This is particularly true for species that show natal philopatry and highly stable hierarchically structured social units, such as the piscivorous resident killer whales of the northeast Pacific. The southern resident killer whale population is a small, demographically closed population, comprising three commonly recognized pods (J,K and L pods), that has recently been listed as endangered throughout its range in both Canadian and U. S. A. waters. In this study, we quantitatively assessed social structure in this population from 29 years of photo-identification data to characterize significant temporal changes in sociality. Preferential affiliation among killer whales within both genealogical matrilines and pods was supported by two different analytical methods and, despite interannual variability, these social clusters persisted throughout the study. All three pods experienced fluctuations in social cohesion over time, but the overall rate of intrapod affiliation was consistently lowest within L pod, the largest of the southern resident pods. The most recent increase in fluidity within social units, occurring in the mid to late 1990s, was coincident with a significant decline in population size, suggesting a possible common response to external stressors. Quantifying these trends in social structure is the first step towards understanding the causes and consequences of long-term changes in killer whale social structure. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Parsons, K. M.; Durban, J. W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NMML, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Parsons, K. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Parsons, K. M.; Balcomb, K. C., III] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA USA.
   [Ford, J. K. B.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada.
RP Parsons, KM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NMML, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM kim.parsons@mail.com
RI Parsons, Kim/A-8050-2011
FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO); Earthwatch Institute; Northwest
   Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries)
FX The data used in this study are the result of many years of
   collaborative fieldwork. We are indebted to the many colleagues and
   volunteers that participated in both fieldwork and data entry and made
   this project possible. A special note of credit goes to the late M. A.
   Bigg, and to G. Ellis, D. Ellifrit, A. van Ginneken. The longterm killer
   whale studies have been supported by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO)
   and research grants from Earthwatch Institute. This publication was
   completed as part of K. M. P.' s National Research Council postdoctoral
   fellowship hosted by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA
   Fisheries).
NR 82
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 10
U2 82
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0003-3472
J9 ANIM BEHAV
JI Anim. Behav.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 77
IS 4
BP 963
EP 971
DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.01.018
PG 9
WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
GA 420YO
UT WOS:000264325300024
ER

PT J
AU Near, TJ
   Jones, CD
   Eastman, JT
AF Near, Thomas J.
   Jones, Christopher D.
   Eastman, Joseph T.
TI Geographic intraspecific variation in buoyancy within Antarctic
   notothenioid fishes
SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Gymnodraco; ontogenetic variation; Pleuragramma; Trematomus
ID TERRA-NOVA BAY; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; MCMURDO SOUND; ROSS SEA;
   PLEURAGRAMMA-ANTARCTICUM; TREMATOMUS HANSONI; DIET; PISCES; SWIMBLADDER;
   PERCIFORMES
AB We investigated intraspecific geographic variation in buoyancy by obtaining percentage buoyancy (%B) measurements for the Antarctic notothenioid species Pleuragramma antarcticum, Trematomus hansoni, T. bernacchii and Gymnodraco acuticeps from both McMurdo Sound in East Antarctica and the South Shetland Islands in West Antarctica. Mean percentage buoyancies in these species ranged from 0.22-0.52% in the neutrally buoyant P. antarcticum to 3.34-3.67% in the benthic T bernacchii. Dispersion (I standard deviation) of percentage buoyancy (%B) values around the mean was +/- 0.2-0.5 %B units for the entire sample. Although intraspecific differences in mean percentage buoyancy were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in P. antarcticum and T hansoni, we consider these differences as normal variation without substantive biological significance. The dispersion in buoyancy measurements during adult life reflects the density of the fish and this may be influenced, in both the short- and long-term, by gut contents, nutritional condition, and reproductive state. Mitigation of the effects of these variables is not biologically realistic because they constitute normal aspects of the daily and yearly life cycles. The results of our measurements of buoyancy are consistent with what is known about the ecology of these four species and this is considered in the discussion.
C1 [Eastman, Joseph T.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
   [Near, Thomas J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   [Near, Thomas J.] Yale Univ, Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   [Jones, Christopher D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Eastman, JT (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
EM eastman@ohiou.edu
RI Eastman, Joseph/A-9786-2008
FU NSF [ANT 04-36190]
FX We thank the officers and crew of the RV Yuzhmorgeologiya. Support for
   collecting in the South Shetland Islands was provided by the United
   States Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) Program. A.L. DeVries
   assisted in the some of the data collection in the South Shetlands. B.M.
   Fitzpatrick provided helpful comments on the manuscript. We are grateful
   to Danette Pratt for producing Fig. 1. JTE was supported by NSF grant
   ANT 04-36190.
NR 43
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 6
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0954-1020
EI 1365-2079
J9 ANTARCT SCI
JI Antarct. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 2
BP 123
EP 129
DI 10.1017/S0954102008001661
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 425QM
UT WOS:000264652200004
ER

PT J
AU Pibida, L
   Fitzgerald, R
   Unterweger, M
   Hammond, MM
   Golas, D
AF Pibida, L.
   Fitzgerald, R.
   Unterweger, M.
   Hammond, M. M.
   Golas, D.
TI Measurements of the (82)Sr half-life
SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
LA English
DT Article
DE (82)Sr half-life; Gamma-ray spectrometry; Ionization chamber
AB Half-life of (82)Sr was measured at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using gamma-ray spectrometry and a 4 pi gamma pressurized ionization chamber. The (82)Sr half-life was found to be 25.36 +/- 0.03 days (k = 1) according to gamma-ray spectrometry and 25.34 +/- 0.02 days (k = 1) according to the 4 pi gamma pressurized ionization chamber measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Pibida, L.; Fitzgerald, R.; Unterweger, M.; Hammond, M. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Golas, D.] Nucl Energy Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA.
RP Pibida, L (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM leticia.pibida@nist.gov
RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-8043
J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES
JI Appl. Radiat. Isot.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 67
IS 4
BP 636
EP 640
DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.11.017
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology,
   Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
GA 420QY
UT WOS:000264305500026
PM 19155178
ER

PT J
AU Tipping, PW
   Bauer, L
   Martin, MR
   Center, TD
AF Tipping, Philip W.
   Bauer, Laurie
   Martin, Melissa R.
   Center, Ted D.
TI Competition between Salvinia minima and Spirodela polyrhiza mediated by
   nutrient levels and herbivory
SO AQUATIC BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE Salvinia minima; Spirodela polyrhiza; Competition; Herbivory; Nutrient
ID VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS;
   BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AQUATIC PLANTS; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; DUCKWEED;
   FOREST; WATER
AB We investigated the effects of initial biomass, nutrients, herbivory, and competition with Spirodela polyrhiza (L) Schleid on Salvinia minima Baker biomass and density. S. minima populations were subjected to two levels of herbivory (control vs. two adults per plant) from the weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands and eight levels of competition from S. polyrhiza, while growing in high (5 mg N l(-1)) or low (0.5 mg N l(-1)) nutrient conditions. Herbivory was the most important factor in S. minima biomass production while competition or fertility had no measurable impact. In contrast, S. polyrhiza biomass was mediated primarily by nutrients, not competition. There was no herbivory treatment for this plant. S. polyrhiza was superior to S. minima at converting nutrients to biomass but this did not give it a competitive advantage since S. minima biomass was unchanged when herbivory was absent. S. minima can generally overtop S. polyrhiza which, in turn, can form multiple layers within its mat. These characteristics may act to lessen competition between these species, thereby permitting their habitat sharing. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Tipping, Philip W.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA.
   [Bauer, Laurie] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   [Martin, Melissa R.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA.
RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA.
EM Philip.tipping@ars.usda.gov
NR 40
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 4
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3770
J9 AQUAT BOT
JI Aquat. Bot.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 3
BP 231
EP 234
DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.10.004
PG 4
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 425ZO
UT WOS:000264677200003
ER

PT J
AU Siringo, G
   Kreysa, E
   Kovacs, A
   Schuller, F
   Weiss, A
   Esch, W
   Gemund, HP
   Jethava, N
   Lundershausen, G
   Colin, A
   Gusten, R
   Menten, KM
   Beelen, A
   Bertoldi, F
   Beeman, JW
   Haller, EE
AF Siringo, G.
   Kreysa, E.
   Kovacs, A.
   Schuller, F.
   Weiss, A.
   Esch, W.
   Gemuend, H. -P.
   Jethava, N.
   Lundershausen, G.
   Colin, A.
   Guesten, R.
   Menten, K. M.
   Beelen, A.
   Bertoldi, F.
   Beeman, J. W.
   Haller, E. E.
TI The Large APEX BOlometer CAmera LABOCA
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE instrumentation: detectors; instrumentation: photometers; submillimeter;
   methods: observational
ID MILLIMETER OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMATION; DUST EMISSION; MU-M;
   SUBMILLIMETER; CONTINUUM; GALAXIES; QUASARS; CLOUD; SCUBA
AB The Large APEX BOlometer CAmera, LABOCA, has been commissioned for operation as a new facility instrument at the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment 12m submillimeter telescope. This new 295-bolometer total power camera, operating in the 870 mu m atmospheric window, combined with the high efficiency of APEX and the excellent atmospheric transmission at the site, offers unprecedented capability in mapping submillimeter continuum emission for a wide range of astronomical purposes.
C1 [Siringo, G.; Kreysa, E.; Kovacs, A.; Schuller, F.; Weiss, A.; Esch, W.; Gemuend, H. -P.; Lundershausen, G.; Guesten, R.; Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
   [Jethava, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Colin, A.] CSIC UC, Inst Fis Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain.
   [Beelen, A.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France.
   [Bertoldi, F.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
   [Beeman, J. W.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Siringo, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
EM gsiringo@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de
RI Kovacs, Attila/C-1171-2010
OI Kovacs, Attila/0000-0001-8991-9088
NR 38
TC 186
Z9 186
U1 0
U2 1
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 497
IS 3
BP 945
EP 962
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200811454
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 434ND
UT WOS:000265280500027
ER

PT J
AU Jimenez, R
   Spergel, DN
   Niemack, MD
   Menanteau, F
   Hughes, JP
   Verde, L
   Kosowsky, A
AF Jimenez, Raul
   Spergel, David N.
   Niemack, Michael D.
   Menanteau, Felipe
   Hughes, John P.
   Verde, Licia
   Kosowsky, Arthur
TI SOUTHERN COSMOLOGY SURVEY. III. QSOs FROM COMBINED GALEX AND OPTICAL
   PHOTOMETRY
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic processes; cosmology: theory; early universe; intergalactic
   medium
ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; GALAXY-EVOLUTION-EXPLORER; DATA RELEASE;
   CLASSIFICATION; SELECTION; FEEDBACK; QUASARS
AB We present catalogs of QSO candidates selected using photometry from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) combined with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in the Stripe 82 region and Blanco Cosmology Survey (BCS) near declination -55 degrees. The SDSS region contains similar or equal to 700 objects with magnitude i < 20 and similar or equal to 3600 objects with i < 21.5 in a similar or equal to 60 deg(2) sky region, while the BCS region contains similar or equal to 280 objects with magnitude i < 20 and similar to 2000 objects with i < 21.5 for a 11 deg(2) sky region that is being observed by three current microwave Sunyaev-Zeldovich surveys. Our QSO catalog is the first one in the BCS region. Deep GALEX exposures (greater than or similar to 2000 s in F-UV and N-UV, except in three fields) provide high signal-to-noise photometry in the GALEX bands (F-UV, N-UV < 24.5 mag). From this data, we select QSO candidates using only GALEX and optical r-band photometry, using the method given by Atlee & Gould. In the Stripe 82 field, 60% (30%) of the GALEX-selected QSOs with optical magnitude i < 20 (i < 21.5) also appear in the Richards et al. QSO catalog constructed using five-band optical SDSS photometry. Comparison with the same catalog by Richards et al. shows that the completeness of the sample is approximately 40% (25%). However, for regions of the sky with very low dust extinction, like the BCS 23-hr field and the Stripe 82 between 0 degrees and 10 degrees in R. A., our completeness is close to 95%, demonstrating that deep GALEX observations are almost as efficient as multiwavelength observations at finding QSOs. GALEX observations thus provide a viable alternate route to QSO catalogs in sky regions where u-band optical photometry is not available. The full catalog is available at http://www.ice.csic.es/personal/jimenez/PHOTOZ.
C1 [Jimenez, Raul; Verde, Licia] CSIC IEEC, ICREA & Inst Space Sci, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
   [Jimenez, Raul; Spergel, David N.; Verde, Licia] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Niemack, Michael D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Menanteau, Felipe; Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15208 USA.
RP Jimenez, R (reprint author), CSIC IEEC, ICREA & Inst Space Sci, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
EM raulj@astro.princeton.edu
RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; 
OI Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770;
   Jimenez, Raul/0000-0002-3370-3103
FU GALEX [GI3-095]; Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation; European
   Union; NSF [PIRE-0507768, AST-0546035]; CSIC I3 [200750I034]; 
   [FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-3-IRGn202182]
FX We thank Gordon Richards for useful comments. This work has been
   supported by GALEX grant GI3-095. The work of R.J. is supported by
   grants from the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation and the
   European Union (FP7 program). R.J., D.N.S., J.P.H., and F. M. are
   partially supported by NSF grant PIRE-0507768. L. V. acknowledges
   support by FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-3-IRGn202182 and CSIC I3 grant 200750I034.
   A. K. was partly supported by NSF grant AST-0546035.
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
EI 1538-4365
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 181
IS 2
BP 439
EP 443
DI 10.1088/0067-0049/181/2/439
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 426ZF
UT WOS:000264746700009
ER

PT J
AU Linsky, J
AF Linsky, Jeffrey L.
TI Summary of the First NUVA Conference Space Astronomy: the UV Window to
   the Universe
SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Network for Ultra Violet Astronomy
CY JUN, 2007
CL Madrid, SPAIN
DE Ultraviolet: spectra; Ultraviolet: ISM; Ultraviolet: stars; Techniques:
   spectroscopic
AB In this summary of the conference Space Astronomy: the UV Window to the Universe, held in El Escorial, Spain, May 28 to June 1, 2007, I identify the important scientific questions posed by the speakers and the corresponding discoveries that future ultraviolet space instruments should enable. The science objectives described by the various speakers naturally fall into groups according to the needed instrumental requirements: wavelength coverage, spectral resolution, sensitivity, rapid access to targets, monitoring, and signal/noise. Although most of the science objectives presented during the conference require UV spectra in the 1,170-3,200 A... range, there are important science objectives that require spectra in the 912-1,170 A... range and at shorter wavelengths. I identify the limitations of present instruments for meeting these requirements. To avoid the upcoming UV dark age, important work must be done to properly build the World Space Observatory (WSO) and to plan future space missions.
C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Linsky, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0004-640X
J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI
JI Astrophys. Space Sci.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 320
IS 1-3
BP 3
EP 9
DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9706-2
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 418UK
UT WOS:000264174700002
ER

PT J
AU Linsky, J
AF Linsky, Jeffrey L.
TI Solving the mysteries of the diffuse interstellar medium with
   high-resolution UV spectroscopy
SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Network for Ultra Violet Astronomy
CY JUN, 2007
CL Madrid, SPAIN
DE Ultraviolet: spectra; Ultraviolet: ISM; Techniques: spectroscopic
ID LOCAL BUBBLE; FINE-STRUCTURE; ORIGIN; GALAXY; CLOUD; GAS
AB Understanding the complex structure, dynamics, and ionization of gas in the nearby interstellar medium is required before one can realistically model interstellar gas in other galaxies. High-resolution ultraviolet spectra provide the essential data for such studies because the resonance lines of most important atoms, ions, and molecules are located in the ultraviolet, and high spectral resolution is needed to resolve line profiles and determine the velocity structure along a line of sight. I list ten important physical questions concerning interstellar gas that require a more sensitive spectrometer than STIS and the desired spectral resolution to answer these questions.
C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Linsky, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0004-640X
J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI
JI Astrophys. Space Sci.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 320
IS 1-3
BP 85
EP 90
DI 10.1007/s10509-009-9992-y
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 418UK
UT WOS:000264174700015
ER

PT J
AU Hofmann, DJ
   Butler, JH
   Tans, PP
AF Hofmann, David J.
   Butler, James H.
   Tans, Pieter P.
TI A new look at atmospheric carbon dioxide
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Carbon dioxide
ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE; FOREST; CO2
AB Carbon dioxide is increasing in the atmosphere and is of considerable concern in global climate change because of its greenhouse gas warming potential. The rate of increase has accelerated since measurements began at Mauna Loa Observatory in 1958 where carbon dioxide increased from less than 1 part per million per year (ppm yr(-1)) prior to 1970 to more than 2 ppm yr(-1) in recent years. Here we show that the anthropogenic component (atmospheric value reduced by the pre-industrial value of 280 ppm) of atmospheric carbon dioxide has been increasing exponentially with a doubling time of about 30 years since the beginning of the industrial revolution (similar to 1800). Even during the 1970s, when fossil fuel emissions dropped sharply in response to the "oil crisis" of 1973, the anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide level continued increasing exponentially at Mauna Loa Observatory. Since the growth rate (time derivative) of an exponential has the same characteristic lifetime as the function itself, the carbon dioxide growth rate is also doubling at the same rate. This explains the observation that the linear growth rate of carbon dioxide has more than doubled in the past 40 years. The accelerating growth rate is simply the outcome of exponential growth in carbon dioxide with a nearly constant doubling time of about 30 years (about 2%/yr) and appears to have tracked human population since the pre-industrial era. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hofmann, David J.; Butler, James H.; Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hofmann, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM david.j.hofmann@noaa.gov
NR 19
TC 61
Z9 65
U1 9
U2 75
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 12
BP 2084
EP 2086
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.028
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 430PB
UT WOS:000264999900017
ER

EF