FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Bates, TS
Quinn, PK
Coffman, D
Schulz, K
Covert, DS
Johnson, JE
Williams, EJ
Lerner, BM
Angevine, WM
Tucker, SC
Brewer, WA
Stohl, A
AF Bates, T. S.
Quinn, P. K.
Coffman, D.
Schulz, K.
Covert, D. S.
Johnson, J. E.
Williams, E. J.
Lerner, B. M.
Angevine, W. M.
Tucker, S. C.
Brewer, W. A.
Stohl, A.
TI Boundary layer aerosol chemistry during TexAQS/GoMACCS 2006: Insights
into aerosol sources and transformation processes
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPERIMENT ACE 1; AERODYNAMIC PARTICLE SIZER; ORGANIC AEROSOLS;
MASS-SPECTROMETER; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; NONSPHERICAL
PARTICLES; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DISPERSION MODEL
AB The air quality and climate forcing impacts of atmospheric aerosols in a metropolitan region depend on the amount, composition, and size of the aerosol transported into the region; the input and removal of aerosols and aerosol precursors within the region; and the subsequent chemical processing in the atmosphere. These factors were studied in the Houston-Galveston-Gulf of Mexico region, aboard the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown during the Texas Air Quality Study and Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS/GoMACCS 2006). The aerosol measured in the Gulf of Mexico during onshore flow (low radon concentrations indicating no contact with land for several days) was highly impacted by Saharan dust and what appear to be ship emissions (acidic sulfate and nitrate). Mean (median) mass concentrations of the total submicrometer and supermicrometer aerosol were 6.5 (4.6) mu g m(-3) and 17.2 (8.7) mu g m(-3), respectively. These mass loadings of "background'' aerosol are much higher than typically observed in the marine atmosphere and thus have a substantial impact on the radiative energy balance over the Gulf of Mexico and particulate matter (PM) loadings (air quality) in the Houston-Galveston area. As this background aerosol moved onshore, local urban and industrial sources added an organic rich submicrometer component (66% particulate organic matter (POM), 20% sulfate, 14% elemental carbon) but no significant supermicrometer aerosol. The resulting aerosol had mean (median) mass concentrations of the total submicrometer and supermicrometer aerosol of 10.0 (9.1) mu g m(-3) and 16.8 (11.2) mu g m(-3), respectively. These air masses, with minimal processing of urban emissions contained the highest SO2/(SO2 + SO4=) ratios and the highest hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol to total organic aerosol ratios (HOA/POM). In contrast, during periods of offshore flow, the aerosol was more processed and, therefore, much richer in oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA). Mean (median) mass concentrations of the total submicrometer and supermicrometer aerosol were 20.8 (18.6) mu g m(-3) and 7.4 (5.0) mu g m(-3), respectively. Sorting air masses based on their trajectories and time over land provides a means to examine the effects of transport and subsequent chemical processing. Understanding and parameterizing these processes is critical for the chemical transport modeling that forms the basis for air quality forecasts and radiative forcing calculations.
C1 [Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.; Coffman, D.; Schulz, K.; Johnson, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Williams, E. J.; Lerner, B. M.; Angevine, W. M.; Tucker, S. C.; Brewer, W. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.; Covert, D. S.; Johnson, J. E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Reg & Global Pollut Issues, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
[Williams, E. J.; Lerner, B. M.; Angevine, W. M.; Tucker, S. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Bates, TS (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM tim.bates@noaa.gov
RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Angevine,
Wayne/H-9849-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Lerner,
Brian/H-6556-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn,
Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116;
Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Program; NOAA Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; Texas Air
Quality Study; NOAA/PMEL [3139]
FX We thank the officers and crew of NOAAR/V Ronald H. Brown for their
cooperation and enthusiasm and D. Hamilton, T. B. Onasch, J.D. Allan,
and D. R. Worsnop for technical support. We thank J. Meagher, F.
Fehsenfeld, and A. R. Ravishankara for programmatic support. This
research was funded by the Atmospheric Constituents Project of the NOAA
Climate and Global Change Program, the NOAA Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research, the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program and the
Texas Air Quality Study. This is NOAA/PMEL contribution 3139.
NR 63
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 21
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 27
PY 2008
VL 113
AR D00F01
DI 10.1029/2008JD010023
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 377IM
UT WOS:000261244900008
ER
PT J
AU Porcar, L
Liu, Y
Verduzco, R
Hong, KL
Butler, PD
Magid, LJ
Smith, GS
Chen, WR
AF Porcar, Lionel
Liu, Yun
Verduzco, Rafael
Hong, Kunlun
Butler, Paul D.
Magid, Linda J.
Smith, Gregory S.
Chen, Wei-Ren
TI Structural Investigation of PAMAM Dendrimers in Aqueous Solutions Using
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering: Effect of Generation
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID POLY(AMIDOAMINE) DENDRIMERS; POLYELECTROLYTE DENDRIMERS;
MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PH; SOLVENT
AB We investigate a series of poly(amidoamine) starburst dendrimers (PAMAM) of different generations in acidic, aqueous solutions using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). While the overall molecular size is found to be practically unaffected by a pD change, a strong generational dependence of counterion association is revealed. Upon increasing the dendrimer generation, the effective charge obtained from our SANS experiments only shows a small increase in contrast to the nearly exponential increase predicted by a recent atomic simulation. We also find that with the same degree of molecular protonation the specific counterion association, which is defined as the ratio of bound chloride anions to positively charged amines in solutions, is larger for higher-generation PAMAM dendrimer. The associated counterion density also increases upon increasing generation number.
C1 [Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Porcar, Lionel; Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Porcar, Lionel; Liu, Yun; Butler, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Verduzco, Rafael; Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Butler, Paul D.; Magid, Linda J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM chenw@ornl.gov
RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012;
Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Smith,
Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program [ID 05125]; U.S.
Department of Energy; National Institute of Standards and Technology;
U.S. Department of Commerce,; NSF [DMR-0454672]; Scientific User
Facilities Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences
FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Laboratory Directed
Research and Development Program (Project ID 05125) of ORNL and the
partial financial support by U.S. Department of Energy within the Center
of Excellence on Carbon-based Hydrogen Storage Materials. The support of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of
Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities supported under
NSF Agreement DMR-0454672 is also acknowledged. Part of this research
was done at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase
Materials Sciences which was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities
Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 31
TC 55
Z9 55
U1 1
U2 26
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD NOV 27
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 47
BP 14772
EP 14778
DI 10.1021/jp805297a
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 374PO
UT WOS:000261056400013
PM 18950222
ER
PT J
AU Wei, YY
Robey, SW
Reutt-Robey, JE
AF Wei, Yinying
Robey, Steve W.
Reutt-Robey, Janice E.
TI Flux-Selected Titanyl Phthalocyanine Monolayer Architecture on Ag (111)
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY;
THIN-FILMS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; SUBSTRATE-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH;
MORPHOLOGY; SURFACES; BEHAVIOR; SEMICONDUCTORS
AB The adsorption and molecular architecture of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) monolayer films on Ag (111) have been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy. Depending on deposition flux, TiOPc selectively forms three distinct ordered monolayer structures. At lower (<0.1 ML/min) fluxes, molecules assemble into a well-ordered (2 root 13 x 2 root 13)R13.9 degrees honeycomb phase comprised of interlocked molecular pairs. This pairing effectively reduces the repulsion between the intrinsic molecular dipole and enhances the attraction between aromatic rings. At intermediate (0.2 ML/min) fluxes, molecules form a metastable (root 21 x root 21)R10.9 degrees hexagonal phase of uniformly tilted TiOPc. At higher (0.4 ML/min) fluxes, a misfit dislocation triangular network appears, consisting of uniformly sized TiOPc domains. Molecular models for the three distinct monolayer films are developed. We describe how local electrostatic intermolecular interactions stabilize kinetically accessible structures, driving phase selection.
C1 [Wei, Yinying; Reutt-Robey, Janice E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Robey, Steve W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Reutt-Robey, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM rrobey@umd.edu
RI Wei, Yinying/N-5751-2014; Reutt-Robey, Janice /C-3517-2009
OI Wei, Yinying/0000-0002-9521-7063; Reutt-Robey, Janice
/0000-0002-9309-7854
FU Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [CHE0750203]
FX This work has been supported by the Department of Commerce through the
NIST Small Grant Program and the National Science Foundation under
Surface Analytical Chemistry Grant No. CHE0750203. We particularly
acknowledge fruitful discussions with Dr. Bo Xu, Dr. Bill Cullen, and
Dr. Xianjie Liu.
NR 44
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U1 2
U2 28
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD NOV 27
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 47
BP 18537
EP 18542
DI 10.1021/jp8063678
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 374PP
UT WOS:000261056500037
ER
PT J
AU Nicklason, PM
Johnson, RB
AF Nicklason, Peter M.
Johnson, Ronald B.
TI Real-time measurement of protein leaching from micro-particulate larval
fish feeds
SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE larval fish; micro-particulate; leaching; measurement
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; DIETS; WATER
AB The small size and high surface area to volume ratio of larval fish feed presents challenges for nutrient retention in micro-particulate diets. A method for the accurate and rapid measurement of nutrient retention or loss from micro-particulate feed in water is needed to help develop micro-particulate feeds with good nutrient retention characteristics. The present study developed and validated an instrument method using fibre optic technology that measures protein leaching in real time. Larval fish feed particles of different sizes (100-500 mu m) and formulations were measured. Under consistent experimental conditions, a feed could be assayed for the rate of mass loss and the half-life or time of 50% total soluble mass loss. The results closely approximated natural decay models with coefficients of determination (r(2)) > 0.95. The end result is a fast and accurate method to quantify and provide solid reference data for a feed formulation or particle size. Using this method allows different feeds to be compared and conclusions drawn for relative performance.
C1 [Nicklason, Peter M.] Univ Idaho, Aquaculture Res Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Johnson, Ronald B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement Utilizat Technol, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Nicklason, PM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aquaculture Res Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM pete.nicklason@noaa.gov
FU SCORE (Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment and Enhancement); NMAI
(National Marine Aquaculture Initiative)
FX This research was conducted with support from SCORE (Science Consortium
for Ocean Replenishment and Enhancement) and NMAI (National Marine
Aquaculture Initiative). Dr F. Barrows (USDA, Bozeman, MT) provided PARA
particulate feed used in this study.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1355-557X
J9 AQUAC RES
JI Aquac. Res.
PD NOV 26
PY 2008
VL 39
IS 16
BP 1793
EP 1798
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02060.x
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 375SE
UT WOS:000261132800012
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, R
Uhlhorn, E
AF Rogers, Robert
Uhlhorn, Eric
TI Observations of the structure and evolution of surface and flight-level
wind asymmetries in Hurricane Rita (2005)
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; BOUNDARY-LAYER JETS; DOPPLER RADAR; PART II;
LANDFALL; DYNAMICS; BALANCE; ALICIA
AB Knowledge of the magnitude and distribution of surface winds, including the structure of azimuthal asymmetries in the wind field, are important factors for tropical cyclone forecasting. With its ability to remotely measure surface wind speeds, the stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR) has assumed a prominent role for the operational tropical cyclone forecasting community. An example of this instrument's utility is presented here, where concurrent measurements of aircraft flight-level and SFMR surface winds are used to document the wind field evolution over three days in Hurricane Rita (2005). The amplitude and azimuthal location (phase) of the wavenumber-1 asymmetry in the storm-relative winds varied at both levels over time. The peak was found to the right of storm track at both levels on the first day. By the third day, the peak in flight-level storm-relative winds remained to the right of storm track, but it shifted to left of storm track at the surface, resulting in a 60-degree shift between the surface and flight-level and azimuthal variations in the ratio of surface to flight-level winds. The asymmetric differences between the surface and flight-level maximum wind radii also varied, indicating a vortex whose tilt was increasing. Citation: Rogers, R., and E. Uhlhorn (2008), Observations of the structure and evolution of surface and flight-level wind asymmetries in Hurricane Rita (2005), Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22811, doi:10.1029/2008GL034774.
C1 [Rogers, Robert; Uhlhorn, Eric] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Rogers, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Robert.Rogers@noaa.gov
RI Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013; Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014
OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 26
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 22
AR L22811
DI 10.1029/2008GL034774
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 377IE
UT WOS:000261244100001
ER
PT J
AU Patra, PK
Law, RM
Peters, W
Roedenbeck, C
Takigawa, M
Aulagnier, C
Baker, I
Bergmann, DJ
Bousquet, P
Brandt, J
Bruhwiler, L
Cameron-Smith, PJ
Christensen, JH
Delage, F
Denning, AS
Fan, S
Geels, C
Houweling, S
Imasu, R
Karstens, U
Kawa, SR
Kleist, J
Krol, MC
Lin, SJ
Lokupitiya, R
Maki, T
Maksyutov, S
Niwa, Y
Onishi, R
Parazoo, N
Pieterse, G
Rivier, L
Satoh, M
Serrar, S
Taguchi, S
Vautard, R
Vermeulen, AT
Zhu, Z
AF Patra, P. K.
Law, R. M.
Peters, W.
Roedenbeck, C.
Takigawa, M.
Aulagnier, C.
Baker, I.
Bergmann, D. J.
Bousquet, P.
Brandt, J.
Bruhwiler, L.
Cameron-Smith, P. J.
Christensen, J. H.
Delage, F.
Denning, A. S.
Fan, S.
Geels, C.
Houweling, S.
Imasu, R.
Karstens, U.
Kawa, S. R.
Kleist, J.
Krol, M. C.
Lin, S. -J.
Lokupitiya, R.
Maki, T.
Maksyutov, S.
Niwa, Y.
Onishi, R.
Parazoo, N.
Pieterse, G.
Rivier, L.
Satoh, M.
Serrar, S.
Taguchi, S.
Vautard, R.
Vermeulen, A. T.
Zhu, Z.
TI TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Analysis of
synoptic-scale variations for the period 2002-2003
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT MODELS; TALL TOWER; INVERSIONS; SINKS;
VARIABILITY; DELTA-C-13; EUROPE; TRENDS; CYCLE
AB The ability to reliably estimate CO2 fluxes from current in situ atmospheric CO2 measurements and future satellite CO2 measurements is dependent on transport model performance at synoptic and shorter timescales. The TransCom continuous experiment was designed to evaluate the performance of forward transport model simulations at hourly, daily, and synoptic timescales, and we focus on the latter two in this paper. Twenty-five transport models or model variants submitted hourly time series of nine predetermined tracers (seven for CO2) at 280 locations. We extracted synoptic-scale variability from daily averaged CO2 time series using a digital filter and analyzed the results by comparing them to atmospheric measurements at 35 locations. The correlations between modeled and observed synoptic CO2 variabilities were almost always largest with zero time lag and statistically significant for most models and most locations. Generally, the model results using diurnally varying land fluxes were closer to the observations compared to those obtained using monthly mean or daily average fluxes, and winter was often better simulated than summer. Model results at higher spatial resolution compared better with observations, mostly because these models were able to sample closer to the measurement site location. The amplitude and correlation of model-data variability is strongly model and season dependent. Overall similarity in modeled synoptic CO2 variability suggests that the first-order transport mechanisms are fairly well parameterized in the models, and no clear distinction was found between the meteorological analyses in capturing the synoptic-scale dynamics.
C1 [Patra, P. K.; Takigawa, M.; Maksyutov, S.; Satoh, M.] JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Law, R. M.] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia.
[Peters, W.; Bruhwiler, L.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Peters, W.; Krol, M. C.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Roedenbeck, C.; Karstens, U.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany.
[Aulagnier, C.; Bousquet, P.; Delage, F.; Rivier, L.; Vautard, R.] UVSQ, CNRS, CEA Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm,IPSL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Baker, I.; Denning, A. S.; Lokupitiya, R.; Parazoo, N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Bergmann, D. J.; Cameron-Smith, P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
[Brandt, J.; Christensen, J. H.; Geels, C.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Atmospher Environm, Natl Environm Res Inst, Roskilde, Denmark.
[Fan, S.; Lin, S. -J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Houweling, S.; Pieterse, G.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Houweling, S.; Krol, M. C.] Univ Utrecht, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Imasu, R.; Niwa, Y.; Satoh, M.] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Chiba, Japan.
[Karstens, U.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Kawa, S. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kleist, J.] Privacy Networks, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Maki, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Div Atmospher Environm, Tokyo, Japan.
[Maksyutov, S.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Onishi, R.] JAMSTEC, Earth Simulator Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Pieterse, G.; Vermeulen, A. T.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, Petten, Netherlands.
[Serrar, S.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Taguchi, S.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Zhu, Z.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Patra, PK (reprint author), JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
RI Takigawa, Masayuki/M-2095-2014; Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015; Maksyutov,
Shamil/G-6494-2011; Karstens, Ute/P-7075-2014; Satoh,
Masaki/G-3325-2015; Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009; Peters,
Wouter/B-8305-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Brandt,
Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Denning,
Scott/F-4974-2011; Geels, Camilla/G-4757-2013; Krol,
Maarten/E-3414-2013; onishi, ryo/D-1109-2014; Bergmann,
Daniel/F-9801-2011; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Christensen, Jesper
/E-9524-2011; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012
OI Takigawa, Masayuki/0000-0002-5666-6026; Vermeulen,
Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577;
Karstens, Ute/0000-0002-8985-7742; Satoh, Masaki/0000-0003-3580-8897;
Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389; Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070;
Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Denning,
Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875; Geels, Camilla/0000-0003-2549-1750; onishi,
ryo/0000-0001-9250-0712; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Law,
Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839;
FU CarboEurope; INSU; CEA; IPEV; Australian Greenhouse Office; European
Commission; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program
[06-ERD-031]; EU [SIP4-CT-2004-516099]; French Environment and Energy
Management Agency (ADEME); French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA);
Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan
[2005/17GS0203]; FRCGC
FX Maintaining continuous CO2 observation records requires
dedicated principal investigators, research teams and support staff. We
wish to thank those who made their data available for this study.
CO2 measurements at many of the European locations including
Hegyhatsal are sponsored by the CarboEurope project. Mace Head and
Amsterdam Island CO2 data is part of the ORE-RAMCES
monitoring network coordinated by LSCE/IPSL and supported by INSU, CEA
and IPEV. An experiment such as this generates a large model data set.
Many thanks to Kevin Gurney and the Department of Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences at Purdue University for data handling and ftp site hosting. We
thank Cathy Trudinger for helpful comments on the manuscript. Suggestion
from Philippe Peylin on correlations versus model resolution is
appreciated. Individual modeling groups acknowledge the following
support. CCAM: Part of this work was supported through the Australian
Greenhouse Office. We thank John McGregor and Eva Kowalczyk for their
development of CCAM. DEHM:Part of the work has been carried out within
the CarboEurope-IP project funded by the European Commission. LLNL: The
project (06-ERD-031) was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Program at LLNL. IFS: The work has been funded by EU's GEMS
project SIP4-CT-2004-516099. CHIMERE is a model developed by IPSL,
INERIS and LISA. Part of the implementation of CHIMERE-CO2
has been supported through the French Environment and Energy Management
Agency (ADEME) and the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). PKP is
partly supported by the grants-in-aid for Creative Scientific Research
(2005/17GS0203) of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and
Culture, Japan; he wishes to thank Hajime Akimoto and Takakiyo Nakazawa
for useful discussions and supporting this research at FRCGC. We
sincerely thank the reviewers and associate editor James Randerson for
providing critical comments to improve the quality of the article.
NR 47
TC 54
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD NOV 26
PY 2008
VL 22
IS 4
AR GB4013
DI 10.1029/2007GB003081
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 377IH
UT WOS:000261244400001
ER
PT J
AU Lindsey, DT
Fromm, M
AF Lindsey, Daniel T.
Fromm, Michael
TI Evidence of the cloud lifetime effect from wildfire-induced
thunderstorms
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CUMULONIMBUS; AEROSOLS
AB A case study is presented of pyro-cumulonimbi (pyroCbs) forming over Canadian forest fires. Cloud-top ice effective radius values of these pyroCbs are significantly smaller than are those within surrounding convection. The smoke provides a massive source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), resulting in smaller cloud droplets which freeze homogeneously at temperatures around -40 degrees C and produce very small ice crystals. It is also shown that the pyroCb anvils persist 6-12 hours longer than convectively-generated cirrus anvils from nearby convection. This provides evidence for the so-called cloud lifetime effect, an aerosol indirect effect identified by the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report. Citation: Lindsey, D. T., and M. Fromm (2008), Evidence of the cloud lifetime effect from wildfire-induced thunderstorms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22809, doi:10.1029/2008GL035680.
C1 [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Lindsey, Daniel T.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Fromm, Michael] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
RP Lindsey, DT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA.
EM lindsey@cira.colostate.edu
RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010
OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683;
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1228]
FX This material is based on work supported by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration under grant NA17RJ1228. The authors would
like to thank Mark DeMaria and John Knaff for valuable comments, as well
as two anonymous reviewers. The views, opinions, and findings in this
report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an
official NOAA and or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 14
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 25
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 22
AR L22809
DI 10.1029/2008GL035680
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 377ID
UT WOS:000261244000001
ER
PT J
AU Li, TF
Hong, K
Porcar, L
Verduzco, R
Butler, PD
Smith, GS
Liu, Y
Chen, WR
AF Li, Tianfu
Hong, Kunlun
Porcar, Lionel
Verduzco, Rafael
Butler, Paul D.
Smith, Gregory S.
Liu, Yun
Chen, Wei-Ren
TI Assess the Intramolecular Cavity of a PAMAM Dendrimer in Aqueous
Solution by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID INCLUDING CONTRAST VARIATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; END-GROUPS; WATER;
HYDRATION; SIMULATION; METHANOL; DENSITY; SOLVENT; SIZE
AB We present a contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of a series of neutral PAMAM dendrimers in aqueous solutions using three different generations (G4-6) at a concentration of about 10 mg/mL. Varying the solvent hydrogen-deuterium ratio, the scattering contributions from the water molecules and the constituent components of PAMAM dendrimer can be determined. Using an analytical model of the scattering cross section I(Q) incorporating the effect of water penetration, we have quantified the intramolecular space of PAMAM dendrimer by evaluating the number of guest water molecules, and we draw a direct comparison to computational predictions. As expected, the overall available internal cavity was seen to increase as a function of increasing dendrimer generation. However, the fraction of water accessible volume of a dendrimer was found to remain invariant for the three generation PAMAM dendrimers studied in this report. We have also estimated the average water density inside a dendrimer, which is found to be higher than that of bulk water.
C1 [Li, Tianfu; Porcar, Lionel; Butler, Paul D.; Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Li, Tianfu] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China.
[Hong, Kunlun; Verduzco, Rafael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38026 Grenoble 9, France.
[Porcar, Lionel; Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Smith, Gregory S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM yunliu@nist.gov; chenw@ornl.gov
RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012;
Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Smith,
Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program [05125]; U.S.
Department of Energy; National Institute of Standards and Technology;
U.S. Department of Commerce; NSF [DMR-0454672]; Scientific User
Facilities Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences
FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Laboratory Directed
Research and Development Program (Project ID 05125) of ORNL and the
partial financial support by U.S. Department of Energy within the
Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence. The support of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in
providing the neutron research facilities supported under NSF Agreement
DMR-0454672 is also acknowledged. Part of this research was done at Oak
Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
which was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 21
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD NOV 25
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 22
BP 8916
EP 8920
DI 10.1021/ma801555j
PG 5
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 373WH
UT WOS:000261003700086
ER
PT J
AU Ben-Naim, A
Shen, VK
AF Ben-Naim, Arieh
Shen, Vincent K.
TI Pair correlation functions of simple solutes in a Lennard-Jones solvent
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Lennard-Jones potential; liquid mixtures; liquid theory; Monte Carlo
methods; solvent effects
ID RADIAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; PERCUS-YEVICK EQUATION; FLUID MIXTURES;
HARD SPHERES
AB We have calculated the pair correlation functions for several binary mixtures composed of simple solutes in a Lennard-Jones solvent. In particular, we have studied the solute-solute pair correlation functions and their dependence on the total density, the solvent Lennard-Jones parameters, and on the solute-solute energy parameter. All the results were obtained from solving the Percus-Yevick equations, as well as from Monte Carlo simulations. The relevance of these results to the problem of hydrophobic interactions is also discussed.
C1 [Ben-Naim, Arieh; Shen, Vincent K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ben-Naim, A (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Arrhenius Lab, Dept Phys Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
EI 1089-7690
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 21
PY 2008
VL 129
IS 19
AR 194514
DI 10.1063/1.3009296
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 375VG
UT WOS:000261141300035
PM 19026073
ER
PT J
AU Zolot, AM
Dagdigian, PJ
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Zolot, Alexander M.
Dagdigian, Paul J.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Quantum-state resolved reactive scattering at the gas-liquid interface:
F plus squalane (C30H62) dynamics via high-resolution infrared
absorption of nascent HF(v,J)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE desorption; Doppler broadening; fluorine; infrared spectra; organic
compounds; spectral line breadth; spectrochemical analysis; surface
chemistry; vibrational modes
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; HYDROCARBON SURFACE; O(P-3) ATOMS;
VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM; CO2 SCATTERING; HYPERTHERMAL
REACTIONS; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY; APROTIC GASES
AB Exothermic chemical reaction dynamics at the gas-liquid interface have been investigated by colliding a supersonic beam of F atoms [E-com=0.7(3) kcal/mol] with a continuously refreshed liquid hydrocarbon (squalane) surface under high vacuum conditions. Absolute HF(v,J) product densities are determined by infrared laser absorption spectroscopy, with velocity distributions along the probe axis derived from high resolution Dopplerimetry. Nascent HF(v <= 3) products are formed in a highly nonequilibrium (inverted) vibrational distribution [< E-vib >=13.2(2) kcal/mol], reflecting insufficient time for complete thermal accommodation with the surface prior to desorption. Colder, but still non-Boltzmann, rotational state populations [< E-rot >=1.0(1) kcal/mol] indicate that some fraction of molecules directly scatter into the gas phase without rotationally equilibrating with the surface. Nascent HF also recoils from the liquid surface with excess translational energy, resulting in Doppler broadened linewidths that increase systematically with internal HF excitation. The data are consistent with microscopic branching in HF-surface dynamics following the reactive event, with (i) a direct reactive scattering fraction of newly formed product molecules leaving the surface promptly and (ii) a trapping desorption fraction that accommodates rotationally (though still not vibrationally) with the bulk liquid. Comparison with analogous gas phase F+hydrocarbon processes reveals that the liquid acts as a partial "heat sink" for vibrational energy flow on the time scale of the chemical reaction event.
C1 [Zolot, Alexander M.; Nesbitt, David J.] Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Zolot, Alexander M.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dagdigian, Paul J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Zolot, AM (reprint author), Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@jila.colorado.edu
RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation;
NIST
FX This work has been supported by funds from the Air Force Office of
Scientific Research, with additional support for development of the
radical discharge source from the National Science Foundation. P.J.D.
would also like to acknowledge his gratitude to NIST for a support as a
JILA Visiting Fellow during a sabbatical period in Boulder.
NR 57
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 21
PY 2008
VL 129
IS 19
AR 194705
DI 10.1063/1.2973630
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 375VG
UT WOS:000261141300041
PM 19026079
ER
PT J
AU Chi, S
Adroja, DT
Guidi, T
Bewley, R
Li, S
Zhao, J
Lynn, JW
Brown, CM
Qiu, Y
Chen, GF
Lou, JL
Wang, NL
Dai, P
AF Chi, Songxue
Adroja, D. T.
Guidi, T.
Bewley, R.
Li, Shiliang
Zhao, Jun
Lynn, J. W.
Brown, C. M.
Qiu, Y.
Chen, G. F.
Lou, J. L.
Wang, N. L.
Dai, Pengcheng
TI Crystalline Electric Field as a Probe for Long-Range Antiferromagnetic
Order and Superconducting State of CeFeAsO(1-x)F(x)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXCITATIONS; SYSTEMS
AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to study the crystalline electric field (CEF) excitations of Ce(3+) in CeFeAsO(1-x)F(x) (x=0, 0.16). For nonsuperconducting CeFeAsO, the Ce CEF levels have three magnetic doublets in the paramagnetic state, but these doublets split into six singlets when the Fe ions order antiferromagnetically. For superconducting CeFeAsO(0.84)F(0.16) (T(c)=41 K), where the static antiferromagnetic order is suppressed, the Ce CEF levels have three magnetic doublets at h omega=0, 18.7, 58.4 meV at all temperatures. Careful measurements of the intrinsic linewidth Gamma and the peak position of the 18.7 meV mode reveal a clear anomaly at T(c), consistent with a strong enhancement of local magnetic susceptibility chi('')(h omega) below T(c). These results suggest that CEF excitations in the rare-earth oxypnictides can be used as a probe of spin dynamics in the nearby FeAs planes.
C1 [Chi, Songxue; Li, Shiliang; Zhao, Jun; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Lynn, J. W.; Brown, C. M.; Qiu, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Adroja, D. T.; Guidi, T.; Bewley, R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Chen, G. F.; Lou, J. L.; Wang, N. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
[Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Chi, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM daip@ornl.gov
RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Dai, Pengcheng
/C-9171-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013
OI Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170;
Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153
FU US DOE BES [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; US DOE; DCS [DMR-0454672]; CAS; Ministry
of Science and Technology of China
FX We thank B. D. Rainford, T. Yildirim for discussions and E. Goremychkin
and R. Osborn for providing the CEF program. This work is supported by
the US DOE BES through No. DE-FG02-05ER46202, and in part by the US DOE,
Division of Scientific User Facilities. DCS is supported by NSF No.
DMR-0454672. The work at the IOP, CAS, is supported by the NSF of China,
the CAS, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
NR 16
TC 47
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 21
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 21
AR 217002
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.217002
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 375VI
UT WOS:000261141500053
PM 19113445
ER
PT J
AU Li, W
Zhou, XB
Lock, R
Patchkovskii, S
Stolow, A
Kapteyn, HC
Murnane, MM
AF Li, Wen
Zhou, Xibin
Lock, Robynne
Patchkovskii, Serguei
Stolow, Albert
Kapteyn, Henry C.
Murnane, Margaret M.
TI Time-Resolved Dynamics in N(2)O(4) Probed Using High Harmonic Generation
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DINITROGEN TETROXIDE; LASER FIELDS;
RARE-GASES; DIFFRACTION; IONIZATION; RADIATION; MOLECULES
AB The attosecond time- scale electron- recollision process that underlies high harmonic generation has uncovered extremely rapid electronic dynamics in atoms and diatomics. We showed that high harmonic generation can reveal coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics in polyatomic molecules. By exciting large amplitude vibrations in dinitrogen tetraoxide, we showed that tunnel ionization accesses the ground state of the ion at the outer turning point of the vibration but populates the first excited state at the inner turning point. This state- switching mechanism is manifested as bursts of high harmonic light that is emitted mostly at the outer turning point. Theoretical calculations attribute the large modulation to suppressed emission from the first excited state of the ion. More broadly, these results show that high harmonic generation and strong- field ionization in polyatomic molecules undergoing bonding or configurational changes involve the participation of multiple molecular orbitals.
C1 [Li, Wen; Zhou, Xibin; Lock, Robynne; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Li, Wen; Zhou, Xibin; Lock, Robynne; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Li, Wen; Zhou, Xibin; Lock, Robynne; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Patchkovskii, Serguei; Stolow, Albert] Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM wli@jila.colorado.edu
RI Zhou, Xibin/C-1316-2011; Zhou, Xibin/B-5544-2009; Kapteyn,
Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
FU U. S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF Physics
Frontier Centers
FX The authors thank M. Ivanov and O. Smirnova for helpful discussions.
They also gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the U. S.
Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the NSF Physics
Frontier Centers and the use of facilities from the NSF Engineering
Research Center on EUV Science and Technology.
NR 26
TC 178
Z9 179
U1 5
U2 46
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD NOV 21
PY 2008
VL 322
IS 5905
BP 1207
EP 1211
DI 10.1126/science.1163077
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 374HC
UT WOS:000261033400031
PM 18974317
ER
PT J
AU Lehnert, H
Hocevar, J
Stone, RP
AF Lehnert, Helmut
Hocevar, John
Stone, Robert P.
TI A new species of Aaptos (Porifera, Hadromerida, Suberitidae) from
Pribilof Canyon, Bering Sea, Alaska
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Hocevar, John] Greenpeace Ltd, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
[Stone, Robert P.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Lehnert, H (reprint author), Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany.
EM jhocevar@greenpeace.org
OI Hocevar, John/0000-0002-8346-1341
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD NOV 21
PY 2008
IS 1939
BP 65
EP 68
PG 4
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 375IN
UT WOS:000261107500008
ER
PT J
AU di Sarra, A
Fua, D
Cacciani, M
Di Iorio, T
Disterhoft, P
Meloni, D
Monteleone, F
Piacentino, S
Sferlazzo, D
AF di Sarra, Alcide
Fua, Daniele
Cacciani, Marco
Di Iorio, Tatiana
Disterhoft, Patrick
Meloni, Daniela
Monteleone, Francesco
Piacentino, Salvatore
Sferlazzo, Damiano
TI Determination of ultraviolet cosine-corrected irradiances and aerosol
optical thickness by combined measurements with a Brewer
spectrophotometer and a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS; MEDITERRANEAN ISLAND; LAMPEDUSA; SOLAR; DEPTH;
DUST; NM; CALIBRATION; OZONE; RANGE
AB Combined measurements of diffuse-to-global radiation ratio and global spectral irradiances in the UV are used to derive cosine-corrected UV irradiances and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The diffuse-to-global radiation ratio is used first in the cosine correction of the global irradiance, then to calculate absolutely calibrated direct irradiances. The Beer-Lambert law is applied to derive the UV AOD using independent measurements of the extraterrestrial solar flux. The AOD can be derived with an uncertainty of about 0.03 at 60 degrees solar zenith angle. The method was applied to measurements obtained with two UV multifilter rotating shadowband radiometers (LTV-MFRSRs) and a MK III Brewer spectrophotometer on the Island of Lampedusa in the Central Mediterranean during two periods of 2002 and 2004. The derived AOD at 318 and 332 nm was compared with UV AOD measured at 318, 320, and 368 mn with different techniques. The retrieved AOD, combining MFRSR and Brewer measurements, is in good agreement with the optical depth derived with the other methods. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America
C1 [di Sarra, Alcide; Meloni, Daniela] ENEA ACS, I-00123 Santa Maria Di Galeria, Italy.
[Fua, Daniele; Cacciani, Marco; Di Iorio, Tatiana] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
[Disterhoft, Patrick] NOAA, Cent UV Calibrat Facil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Monteleone, Francesco; Piacentino, Salvatore] ENEA ACS, I-90141 Palermo, Italy.
[Sferlazzo, Damiano] ENEA ACS, I-92010 Lampeclusa, Italy.
RP di Sarra, A (reprint author), ENEA ACS, Via Anguillarese 301, I-00123 Santa Maria Di Galeria, Italy.
EM disarra@casaccia.enea.it
RI Di Iorio, Tatiana/O-8700-2015; di Sarra, Alcide/J-1491-2016
OI Di Iorio, Tatiana/0000-0001-8872-8917; di Sarra,
Alcide/0000-0002-2405-2898
NR 34
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 3
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD NOV 20
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 33
BP 6142
EP 6150
DI 10.1364/AO.47.006142
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 384FF
UT WOS:000261729000001
PM 19023377
ER
PT J
AU Sapiano, MRP
Smith, TM
Arkin, PA
AF Sapiano, M. R. P.
Smith, T. M.
Arkin, P. A.
TI A new merged analysis of precipitation utilizing satellite and
reanalysis data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; GAUGE
OBSERVATIONS; OCEAN ALGORITHM; WATER-VAPOR; TIME-SERIES; SNOW COVER;
NCEP-NCAR; RAINFALL
AB Many merged multi-source global analyses of precipitation exist, including the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) analysis and the CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation. The multi-source nature of these data sets allows them to use the most accurate type of inputs available to produce the best estimate of precipitation for any given place and time. However, studies have shown that the oceanic satellite estimates used in these data sets are less accurate at high latitudes when compared to reanalysis data. This study describes the Multi-Source Analysis of Precipitation (MSAP), a new 2.5 degrees gridded global analysis of precipitation from 1987 to 2002 using Optimum Interpolation (OI) based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the forecast precipitation from the ERA-40 reanalysis. The main goal of this new analysis is to produce a spatially consistent estimate using the same set of inputs over all regions and times rather than to have the lowest mean squared error. An advantage of the OI methodology is that it optimally merges the inputs based on pre-defined weights and errors associated with the analysis that are directly estimated from the technique. Validation against other gridded data sets as well as tropical ocean and high-latitude land gauges show that MSAP performs particularly well at high latitudes when compared to the satellite-only part of GPCP. However, it contains negative biases in parts of the Northern Hemisphere because of the ERA-40 data and large positive biases over tropical land areas due to issues with the SSM/I estimates. In the future, this new approach can be applied using precipitation estimates from the next generation reanalysis systems such as the JRA-25, NASA's MERRA, and the ERA Interim reanalysis.
C1 [Sapiano, M. R. P.; Smith, T. M.; Arkin, P. A.] Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Smith, T. M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA NESDIS STAR SCSB, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Sapiano, MRP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM msapiano@essic.umd.edu
RI Sapiano, Mathew/F-4688-2010; Arkin, Phillip/F-5808-2010; Smith, Thomas
M./F-5626-2010
OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849
FU NASA Earth Science REASoN DISCOVER; Climate Change Data and Diagnostic
Program Element of the NOAA Climate Program Office; Cooperative
Institute for Climate Studies, NOAA [NA17EC1483]
FX Some of the data used here are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and
sponsored by the NASA Earth Science REASoN DISCOVER Project. Data are
available at www.remss.com. The GPROF data were produced by E.J. Nelkin
at Goddard Space Flight Center as part of the TRMM project. The ERA-40
data were supplied by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather
Forecasts. High-latitude gauge data was supplied by Mark Serreze. The
authors are very grateful for the useful discussions with Ralph Ferraro
and Mark Serreze. They would particularly like to thank George Huffman,
Pingping Xie, and an anonymous reviewer for their detailed and
insightful comments. This project was supported in part by the Climate
Change Data and Diagnostic Program Element of the NOAA Climate Program
Office and the Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies, NOAA grant
NA17EC1483.
NR 50
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 20
PY 2008
VL 113
AR D22103
DI 10.1029/2008JD010310
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 375WP
UT WOS:000261144800005
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, GC
Purkey, SG
Toole, JM
AF Johnson, Gregory C.
Purkey, Sarah G.
Toole, John M.
TI Reduced Antarctic meridional overturning circulation reaches the North
Atlantic Ocean
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOTTOM WATER; WESTERN ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WEDDELL SEA; VARIABILITY
AB We analyze abyssal temperature data in the western North Atlantic Ocean from the 1980s-2000s, showing that reductions in Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) signatures have reached even that basin. Trans-basin oceanographic sections occupied along 52 degrees W from 1983-2003 and 66 degrees W from 1985-2003 quantify abyssal warming resulting from deepening of the strong thermal boundary between AABW and North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), hence a local AABW volume reduction. Repeat section data taken from 1981-2004 along 24 degrees N also show a reduced zonal gradient in abyssal temperatures, consistent with decreased northward transport of AABW. The reduction in the Antarctic limb of the MOC within the North Atlantic highlights the global reach of climate variability originating around Antarctica. Citation: Johnson, G. C., S. G. Purkey, and J. M. Toole (2008), Reduced Antarctic meridional overturning circulation reaches the North Atlantic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22601, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035619.
C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; Purkey, Sarah G.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Toole, John M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Johnson, Gregory C.; Purkey, Sarah G.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov
RI Purkey, Sarah/K-1983-2012; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012
OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020
FU NOAA; NSF
FX NOAA and NSF supported the 2003 U. S. CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat
Hydrography Program reoccupations of the 52 degrees W and 66 degrees W
sections, led by Chief Scientists John Toole and Terrence Joyce,
respectively. The U. K. National Environment Research Council supported
the 2004 reoccupation of the 24 degrees N section, led by Chief
Scientist Stuart Cunningham. The hard work of all contributing to the
collection and processing of data analyzed here is gratefully
acknowledged. The NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and
the NOAA Climate Program Office supported the analysis. Findings and
conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of NOAA. PMEL contribution 3227.
NR 30
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 19
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 22
AR L22601
DI 10.1029/2008GL035619
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 375WA
UT WOS:000261143300006
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, W
Wu, H
Yildirim, T
AF Zhou, Wei
Wu, Hui
Yildirim, Taner
TI Enhanced H-2 Adsorption in Isostructural Metal-Organic Frameworks with
Open Metal Sites: Strong Dependence of the Binding Strength on Metal
Ions
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; COORDINATION POLYMER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE;
MOFS
AB Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with open metal sites exhibit a much stronger H-2 binding strength than classical MOFs, due to the direct interaction between H-2 and the coordinately unsaturated metal ions. Here we report a systematic study of the H-2 adsorption on a series of isostructural. MOFs, M-2(dhtp) (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn). The experimental, initial isosteric heats of adsorption for H-2 (Q(st)) of these MOFs range from 8.5 to 12.9 kJ/mol, with increasing Q(st) in the following order: Zn, Mn, Mg, Co, and Ni. The H-2 binding energies derived from first-principles calculation follow the same trend as the experimental observation on Q(st), confirming the electrostatic Coulomb attraction between the H-2 and the open metals being the major interaction. We also found a strong correlation between the metal ion radius, the M-H-2 distance, and the H-2 binding strength, which provides a viable, empirical method to predict the relative H-2 binding strength of different open metals.
C1 [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui; Yildirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Zhou, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM wzhou@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617;
FU DOE BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]
FX This work was partially supported by DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522
(T.Y.).
NR 23
TC 304
Z9 309
U1 15
U2 145
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD NOV 19
PY 2008
VL 130
IS 46
BP 15268
EP +
DI 10.1021/ja807023q
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 406QZ
UT WOS:000263311300024
PM 18950163
ER
PT J
AU de Magny, GC
Murtugudde, R
Sapiano, MRP
Nizam, A
Brown, CW
Busalacchi, AJ
Yunus, M
Nair, GB
Gil, AI
Lanata, CF
Calkins, J
Manna, B
Rajendran, K
Bhattacharya, MK
Huq, A
Sack, RB
Colwell, RR
AF de Magny, Guillaume Constantin
Murtugudde, Raghu
Sapiano, Mathew R. P.
Nizam, Azhar
Brown, Christopher W.
Busalacchi, Antonio J.
Yunus, Mohammad
Nair, G. Balakrish
Gil, Ana I.
Lanata, Claudio F.
Calkins, John
Manna, Byomkesh
Rajendran, Krishnan
Bhattacharya, Mihir Kumar
Huq, Anwar
Sack, R. Bradley
Colwell, Rita R.
TI Environmental signatures associated with cholera epidemics
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE ecology; epidemiology; microbiology; remote sensing
ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; INDIAN-OCEAN;
SIMPLE FILTRATION; ENDEMIC CHOLERA; GLOBAL CLIMATE; BANGLADESH;
DYNAMICS; COPEPODS
AB The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, has been shown to be autochthonous to riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters along with its host, the copepod, a significant member of the zooplankton community. Temperature, salinity, rainfall and plankton have proven to be important factors in the ecology of V. cholerae, influencing the transmission of the disease in those regions of the world where the human population relies on untreated water as a source of drinking water. In this study, the pattern of cholera outbreaks during 19982006 in Kolkata, India, and Matlab, Bangladesh, and the earth observation data were analyzed with the objective of developing a prediction model for cholera. Satellite sensors were used to measure chlorophyll a concentration (CHL) and sea surface temperature (SST). In addition, rainfall data were obtained from both satellite and in situ gauge measurements. From the analyses, a statistically significant relationship between the time series for cholera in Kolkata, India, and CHL and rainfall anomalies was determined. A statistically significant one month lag was observed between CHL anomaly and number of cholera cases in Matlab, Bangladesh. From the results of the study, it is concluded that ocean and climate patterns are useful predictors of cholera epidemics, with the dynamics of endemic cholera being related to climate and/or changes in the aquatic ecosystem. When the ecology of V. cholerae is considered in predictive models, a robust early warning system for cholera in endemic regions of the world can be developed for public health planning and decision making.
C1 [de Magny, Guillaume Constantin; Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Murtugudde, Raghu; Sapiano, Mathew R. P.; Brown, Christopher W.; Busalacchi, Antonio J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Huq, Anwar; Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Pathogen Res Inst, Coll Chem & Life Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Nizam, Azhar] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
[Brown, Christopher W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Yunus, Mohammad] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
[Nair, G. Balakrish; Manna, Byomkesh; Rajendran, Krishnan; Bhattacharya, Mihir Kumar] Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Kolkata 700010, India.
[Gil, Ana I.; Lanata, Claudio F.] Inst Invest Nutr, Lima 12, Peru.
[Lanata, Claudio F.] Univ Peruana Ciencias Aplicadas, Sch Med, Lima 12, Peru.
[Calkins, John] Environm Syst Res Inst Inc, Vienna, VA 22182 USA.
[Sack, R. Bradley] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
[Colwell, Rita R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Colwell, RR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Biomol Sci Bldg 296,Room 3103,Coll Pk, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM rcolwell@umiacs.umd.edu
RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008; Sapiano, Mathew/F-4688-2010
OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391;
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [S0660009]; Oceans and
Human Health Initiative; National Institutes of Health [1 R01 AI39129]
FX We thank the donor countries and agencies that provide unrestricted
support to the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh, for its operation and research; and the three referees for
their constructive remarks and useful comments. This work was supported
by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant S0660009,
Oceans and Human Health Initiative, and National Institutes of Health
Grant 1 R01 AI39129.
NR 48
TC 105
Z9 105
U1 7
U2 65
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD NOV 18
PY 2008
VL 105
IS 46
BP 17676
EP 17681
DI 10.1073/pnas.0809654105
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 377BB
UT WOS:000261225600022
ER
PT J
AU Conroy, RS
Zabow, G
Moreland, J
Koretsky, AP
AF Conroy, Richard S.
Zabow, Gary
Moreland, John
Koretsky, Alan P.
TI Controlled transport of magnetic particles using soft magnetic patterns
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE galvanomagnetic effects; magnetic domains; magnetic particles; magnetic
structure; microfluidics; permanent magnets; soft magnetic materials;
superparamagnetism
ID SEPARATION; GUIDES
AB Inspired by magnetic bubble memory technology, we demonstrate the temporal and spatial manipulation of superparamagnetic beads guided by soft magnetic patterns in a rotating magnetic field. Soft magnetic structures allow complex and repetitive tasks to be performed. As a demonstration, we show cyclic capture and release of antibodies from different microfluidic streams.
C1 [Conroy, Richard S.; Zabow, Gary; Koretsky, Alan P.] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Conroy, Richard S.; Zabow, Gary; Moreland, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Conroy, RS (reprint author), Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM conroyri@mail.nih.gov
RI Conroy, Richard/D-1979-2009; Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015
OI Conroy, Richard/0000-0002-8896-6090; Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756
NR 16
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD NOV 17
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 20
AR 203901
DI 10.1063/1.3009197
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 375VH
UT WOS:000261141400083
ER
PT J
AU Kim, DI
Pradeep, N
DelRio, FW
Cook, RF
AF Kim, Doo-In
Pradeep, Namboodiri
DelRio, Frank W.
Cook, Robert F.
TI Mechanical and electrical coupling at metal-insulator-metal nanoscale
contacts
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic force microscopy; electrical conductivity; MIM structures; ohmic
contacts; tunnelling
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; TUNNEL JUNCTIONS; RF-MEMS; GOLD; MONOLAYERS;
SWITCHES; ADHESION; MODEL; TIPS
AB Mechanical and electrical coupling at nanoscale metallic contacts was investigated using a conducting-probe atomic force microscope (AFM). The current-voltage responses were non-Ohmic, symmetric about zero bias, with conductance values smaller than the quantum conductance limit, which indicate electron tunneling through an insulating layer. Using a self-consistent contact mechanics model and a parabolic tunneling model for thin insulating layers, we determined the contact area, barrier height, and barrier thickness as a function of applied contact load. The results suggest the presence of two insulating layers: an oxide layer on the AFM tip and an organic contaminant layer on the metallic surface.
C1 [Kim, Doo-In; Pradeep, Namboodiri; DelRio, Frank W.; Cook, Robert F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kim, DI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM frank.delrio@nist.gov
NR 27
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD NOV 17
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 20
AR 203102
DI 10.1063/1.3009211
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 375VH
UT WOS:000261141400045
ER
PT J
AU Raman, B
Hertz, JL
Benkstein, KD
Semancik, S
AF Raman, Baranidharan
Hertz, Joshua L.
Benkstein, Kurt D.
Semancik, Steve
TI Bioinspired Methodology for Artificial Olfaction
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL SENSOR ARRAYS; DESCRIPTORS; MODEL; NOSE
AB Artificial olfaction is a potential tool for noninvasive chemical monitoring. Application of "electronic noses" typically involves recognition of "pretrained" chemicals, while long-term operation and generalization of training to allow chemical classification of "unknown" analytes remain challenges. The latter analytical capability is critically important, as it is unfeasible to pre-expose the sensor to every analyte it might encounter. Here, we demonstrate a biologically inspired approach where the recognition and generalization problems are decoupled and resolved in a hierarchical fashion. Analyte composition is refined in a progression from general (e.g., target is a hydrocarbon) to precise (e.g., target is ethane), using highly optimized response features for each step. We validate this approach using a MEMS-based chemiresistive microsensor array. We show that this approach, a unique departure from existing methodologies in artificial olfaction, allows the recognition module to better mitigate sensor-aging effects and to better classify unknowns, enhancing the utility of chemical sensors for real-world applications.
C1 [Raman, Baranidharan; Hertz, Joshua L.; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hertz, JL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, 126 Spencer Lab, Newark, DE 19711 USA.
EM hertz@udel.edu
RI Hertz, Joshua/B-7239-2012
OI Hertz, Joshua/0000-0003-0650-5141
FU Department of Homeland Security; NRC/NIST Postdoctoral Fellowship
Program; National Research Council Research Associateship Award;
National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Biomedical Imaging
and Bioengineering)/National Institute of Standards and Technology
[NIH(NIBIB)/NIST] Joint Postdoctoral Program
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Department of
Homeland Security and (J.L.H.) from the NRC/NIST Postdoctoral Fellowship
Program. This research was performed while the author (B.R.) held a
National Research Council Research Associateship Award from the National
Institutes of Health (National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and
Bioengineering)/National Institute of Standards and Technology
[NIH(NIBIB)/NIST] Joint Postdoctoral Program. B.R. and J.L.H.
contributed equally to this work.
NR 24
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 80
IS 22
BP 8364
EP 8371
DI 10.1021/ac8007048
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 372OM
UT WOS:000260910900002
PM 18855409
ER
PT J
AU Valincius, G
Heinrich, F
Budvytyte, R
Vanderah, DJ
McGillivray, DJ
Sokolov, Y
Hall, JE
Losche, M
AF Valincius, Gintaras
Heinrich, Frank
Budvytyte, Rima
Vanderah, David J.
McGillivray, Duncan J.
Sokolov, Yuri
Hall, James E.
Losche, Mathias
TI Soluble Amyloid beta-Oligomers Affect Dielectric Membrane Properties by
Bilayer Insertion and Domain Formation: Implications for Cell Toxicity
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTEIN MISFOLDING DISEASES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE
MICROSCOPY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; A-BETA; LIPID-MEMBRANES; ION CHANNELS;
COMMON MECHANISM; X-RAY; SUPPORTED MEMBRANES
AB It is well established that Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptides reduce the membrane barrier to ion transport. The prevailing model ascribes the resulting interference with ion homeostasis to the formation of peptide pores across the bilayer. In this work, we examine the interaction of soluble prefibrillar amyloid beta (A beta(1-42))-oligomers with bilayer models, observing also dramatic increases in ion current at micromolar peptide concentrations. We demonstrate that the A beta-induced ion conductances across freestanding membranes and across substrate-supported "tethered" bilayers are quantitatively similar and depend on membrane composition. However, characteristic signatures of the molecular transport mechanism were distinctly different from ion transfer through water-filled pores, as shown by a quantitative comparison of the membrane response to A beta-oligomers and to the bacterial toxin alpha-hemolysin. Neutron reflection from tethered membranes showed that A beta-oligomers insert into the bilayer, affecting both membrane leaflets. By measuring the capacitance of peptide-free membranes, as well as their geometrical thicknesses, the dielectric constants in the aliphatic cores of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayers were determined to be epsilon = 2.8 and 2.2, respectively. The magnitude of the A beta-induced increase in e indicates that A beta-oligomers affect membranes by inducing lateral heterogeneity in the bilayers, but an increase in the water content of the bilayers was not observed. The activation energy for A beta-induced ion transport across the membrane is at least three times higher than that measured for membranes reconstituted with alpha-hemolysin pores, E(a) = 36.8 vs. 9.9 kJ/mol, indicating that the molecular mechanisms underlying both transport processes are fundamentally different. The A beta-induced membrane conductance shows a nonlinear dependence on the peptide concentration in the membrane. Moreover, E(a) depends on peptide concentration. These observations suggest that cooperativity and/or conformational changes of the A beta-oligomer particles upon transfer from the aqueous to the hydrocarbon environment play a prominent role in the interaction of the peptide with the membrane. A model in which A beta-oligomers insert into the hydrophobic core of the membrane-where they lead to a local increase in e and a concomitant reduction of the membrane barrier-describes the experimental data quantitatively.
C1 [Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Valincius, Gintaras; Budvytyte, Rima] Lithuania Acad Sci, Inst Biochem, Dept Bioelectrochem & Biospect, LT-232600 Vilnius, Lithuania.
[Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[McGillivray, Duncan J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand.
[Sokolov, Yuri; Hall, James E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
RP Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM quench@cmu.edu
RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Hall, James/K-6306-2012; Budvytyte,
Rima/F-5115-2014; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013; McGillivray,
Duncan/B-9819-2009
OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Budvytyte,
Rima/0000-0002-5063-5878; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X;
McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792
FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0555201, 0457148]; National Institutes
of Health [1 R01 RR14182]; Lithuanian State Science and Studies
Foundation [B38/2008]; American Health Assistance Foundation
[A2008-307]; Alzheimer's Foundation [IIRG-06-26167]
FX This work was in part funded by the National Science Foundation
(CBET-0555201 and 0457148), the National Institutes of Health (1 R01
RR14182), the Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation
(B38/2008), the American Health Assistance Foundation (A2008-307), and
the Alzheimer's Foundation (IIRG-06-26167).
NR 79
TC 111
Z9 114
U1 5
U2 49
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 95
IS 10
BP 4845
EP 4861
DI 10.1529/biophysj.108.130997
PG 17
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 366YK
UT WOS:000260519300036
PM 18515395
ER
PT J
AU Murphy, PL
Valle-Levinson, A
AF Murphy, Patrick L.
Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo
TI Tidal and residual circulation in the St. Andrew Bay system, Florida
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Estuarine dynamics; Tidal dynamics; Residual circulation; Buoyancy
forcing; St. Andrew Bay; Florida
ID ESTUARY-OCEAN EXCHANGE; WELL-MIXED ESTUARY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DOMINATED
ESTUARY; AXIAL CONVERGENCE; FLOW; STRATIFICATION; CURRENTS; LAGOON;
INLET
AB Two 24-h surveys were conducted in St. Andrew Bay, Florida, during spring and neap tides to describe the tidal and non-tidal circulation patterns and to determine the factors that affect these patterns. In particular, the effect of tidal forcing in modulating such circulation patterns was explored. Observed velocities were fitted to diurnal and semidiurnal harmonics separating tidal motions from sub-tidal motions. Residual flows were compared with an analytic model that allowed variations in the relative contributions from Coriolis acceleration and friction using the Ekman number. A solution with an Ekman number of 0.04 resembled the observations best and indicated that the hydrodynamics were governed by pressure gradient, Coriolis and friction. Locally, advective accelerations became important around headlands in sub-estuaries in the system. The consistency of the mean pattern from October to March suggests that tides play a minor role in modulating the exchange flow. Deviations from the long-term mean are mainly caused by wind-driven coastal setup and setdown. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Murphy, Patrick L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
[Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Murphy, PL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
EM patrick.l.murphy@noaa.gov
FU NSF [OCE-0551923]
FX Both surveys were accomplished with the collaboration of University of
Florida students and NMFS Panama City Laboratory personnel. The
scientific support of Christopher Devick, Ilgar Safak, Hande Caliskan,
Marta Ribera, Sangdon So, and Chloe Winant is appreciated. Boats were
safely operated with the expertise of John Brusher, Andrew David, Doug
Devries, Michelle Duncan, and Christopher Palmer. AVL acknowledges
support from NSF project OCE-0551923. Pete Sheridan, Stacy Harter, and
two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments to the original
manuscript. Special thanks to Christopher Gardner for his assistance in
the middle of the night to save the October survey.
NR 55
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 28
IS 19
BP 2678
EP 2688
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.09.003
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 382IT
UT WOS:000261600200006
ER
PT J
AU Santer, BD
Thorne, PW
Haimberger, L
Taylor, KE
Wigley, TML
Lanzante, JR
Solomon, S
Free, M
Gleckler, PJ
Jones, PD
Karl, TR
Klein, SA
Mears, C
Nychka, D
Schmidt, GA
Sherwood, SC
Wentz, FJ
AF Santer, B. D.
Thorne, P. W.
Haimberger, L.
Taylor, K. E.
Wigley, T. M. L.
Lanzante, J. R.
Solomon, S.
Free, M.
Gleckler, P. J.
Jones, P. D.
Karl, T. R.
Klein, S. A.
Mears, C.
Nychka, D.
Schmidt, G. A.
Sherwood, S. C.
Wentz, F. J.
TI Consistency of modelled and observed temperature trends in the tropical
troposphere
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE tropospheric temperature changes; climate model evaluation; statistical
significance of trend differences; tropical lapse rates; differential
warming of surface and temperature
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE MODEL; TIME-SERIES;
RADIOSONDE; HOMOGENIZATION; UNCERTAINTIES; ATMOSPHERE; BIASES;
SENSITIVITIES
AB A recent report of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) identified a 'potentially serious inconsistency' between modelled and observed trends in tropical lapse rates (Karl et al., 2006). Early versions of Satellite and radiosonde datasets suggested that the tropical surface had warmed more than the troposphere, while climate models consistently showed tropospheric amplification of surface warming in response to human-caused increases in well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs). We revisit such comparisons here using new observational estimates of surface and tropospheric temperature changes. We find that there is no longer a serious discrepancy between modelled and observed trends in tropical lapse rates.
This emerging reconciliation of models and observations has two primary explanations. First, because of changes in the treatment of buoy and satellite information, new surface temperature datasets yield slightly reduced tropical warming relative to earlier versions. Second, recently developed satellite and radiosonde datasets show larger warming of the tropical lower troposphere. In the case of a new satellite dataset from Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), enhanced warming is due to an improved procedure of adjusting for inter-satellite biases. When the RSS-derived tropospheric temperature trend is compared with four different observed estimates of surface temperature change, the surface warming is invariably amplified in the tropical troposphere, consistent with model results. Even if we use data from a second satellite dataset with smaller tropospheric warming than in RSS, observed tropical lapse rate trends are not significantly different from those in all other model simulations.
Our results contradict a recent claim that all simulated temperature trends in the tropical troposphere and in tropical lapse rates are inconsistent with observations. This claim was based on use of older radiosonde and satellite datasets, and on two methodological errors: the neglect of observational trend uncertainties introduced by interannual climate variability, and application of an inappropriate statistical 'consistency test'. Copyright (c) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Santer, B. D.; Taylor, K. E.; Gleckler, P. J.; Klein, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Thorne, P. W.] Hadley Ctr, UK Meteorol Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Haimberger, L.] Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
[Wigley, T. M. L.; Nychka, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Lanzante, J. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Solomon, S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Free, M.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Jones, P. D.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Karl, T. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Mears, C.; Wentz, F. J.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA.
[Schmidt, G. A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Sherwood, S. C.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Santer, BD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM santer1@llnl.gov
RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Sherwood, Steven/B-5673-2008; Jones,
Philip/C-8718-2009; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Santer,
Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012
OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Sherwood, Steven/0000-0001-7420-8216;
Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X;
Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486
NR 71
TC 119
Z9 122
U1 2
U2 39
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0899-8418
EI 1097-0088
J9 INT J CLIMATOL
JI Int. J. Climatol.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 28
IS 13
BP 1703
EP 1722
DI 10.1002/joc.1756
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 373WE
UT WOS:000261003400002
ER
PT J
AU Giubertoni, D
Pepponi, G
Gennaro, S
Bersani, M
Sahiner, MA
Kelty, SP
Doherty, R
Foad, MA
Kah, M
Kirkby, KJ
Woicik, JC
Pianetta, P
AF Giubertoni, Damiano
Pepponi, Giancarlo
Gennaro, Salvatore
Bersani, Massimo
Sahiner, Mehmet Alper
Kelty, Stephen P.
Doherty, Roisin
Foad, Majeed A.
Kah, Max
Kirkby, Karen J.
Woicik, Joseph C.
Pianetta, Piero
TI Correlation of local structure and electrical activation in arsenic
ultrashallow junctions in silicon
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE arsenic; carrier density; density functional theory; elemental
semiconductors; Hall effect; rapid thermal annealing; secondary ion mass
spectra; semiconductor doping; semiconductor thin films; silicon;
vacancies (crystal); X-ray absorption spectra
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DOPED SILICON; SI CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
POSITION; ENHANCED DIFFUSION; SOLID SOLUBILITY; DEACTIVATION;
IMPURITIES; DEFECTS; LASER
AB The understanding of the behavior of arsenic in highly doped near surface silicon layers is of crucial importance for the formation of N-type ultrashallow junctions in current and future very large scale integrated technology. This is of particular relevance when studying recently developed implantation and annealing methods. Past theoretical as well as experimental investigations have suggested that the increase in As concentration, and therefore the reciprocal proximity of several As atoms, leads to a drastic increase in electrically inactive defects giving only marginal reduction in sheet resistance. Monoclinic SiAs aggregates as well as various arsenic-vacancy clusters contribute to the deactivation of arsenic. This study aims to correlate between the results of electrical activation measurements and x-ray absorption fine structure measurements. Samples were doped with a nominal fluence of 1x10(15)-3x10(15) atoms/cm(2), implanted at 2 keV, and annealed by rapid thermal treatments, laser submelt treatments, and a combination of both. Hall effect and sheet resistance measurements have been performed to obtain the density of charge carriers. Secondary ion mass spectrometry has been employed to measure the depth profile and the total retained fluences. The percentage of substitutional arsenic has been obtained by least-squares fits of the measured x-ray absorption spectra with simulated spectra of relaxed structures of the defects obtained by density functional theory. A good agreement with the Hall effect measured electrically active dose fraction has been obtained and a quantification of the population of the different defects involved has been attempted.
C1 [Giubertoni, Damiano; Pepponi, Giancarlo; Gennaro, Salvatore; Bersani, Massimo] Ctr Mat & Microsyst Fdn Bruno Kessler, I-38050 Trento, Italy.
[Sahiner, Mehmet Alper] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA.
[Kelty, Stephen P.] Seton Hall Univ, Ctr Computat Res, Dept Chem & Biochem, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA.
[Doherty, Roisin; Foad, Majeed A.] Appl Mat Inc, Front End Prod, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA.
[Kah, Max; Kirkby, Karen J.] Univ Surrey, Fac Engn & Phys Sci, Adv Technol Inst, Surrey Ion Beam Ctr, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
[Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pianetta, Piero] SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Giubertoni, D (reprint author), Ctr Mat & Microsyst Fdn Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, I-38050 Trento, Italy.
EM giuberto@fbk.cu
RI Kirkby, Karen/M-4725-2015;
OI Kirkby, Karen/0000-0002-0901-210X; Giubertoni,
Damiano/0000-0001-8197-8729; Pepponi, Giancarlo/0000-0002-7397-1946
FU Francesco d' Acapito; INFM; ESRF Grenoble; Corporation Award [CC6405];
NSF [DMI 0420952]; European Commission
FX The authors would like to acknowledge Francesco d' Acapito, INFM, and
ESRF Grenoble for support and discussion during EXAFS analysis session,
Silvia Milita, CNR-IMM Bologna for providing reference sample and
helping during EXAFS analysis, and Justin Hamilton and Jim Sharp,
University of Surrey for characterizing some samples by Hall Effect
measurements. The work of M.A.S. is supported by Research Corporation
Award No. CC6405 and NSF Grant No. DMI 0420952. We acknowledge the
support of the European Commission under the action 'Structuring the
European Research Area'. NIST disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment,
instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such
identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
the products identified are necessarily the best available for the
purpose.
NR 48
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 104
IS 10
AR 103716
DI 10.1063/1.3026706
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 396QI
UT WOS:000262605800082
ER
PT J
AU Maslar, JE
Hurst, WS
Wang, CA
AF Maslar, J. E.
Hurst, W. S.
Wang, C. A.
TI Spectroscopic determination of electron concentration in n-type GaSb
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE conduction bands; dielectric function; doping profiles; electron
density; Fermi level; gallium compounds; Hall effect; III-V
semiconductors; phonons; plasmons; Raman spectra; semiconductor doping;
semiconductor epitaxial layers
ID RAMAN-SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS; V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS;
CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FERMI-DIRAC
INTEGRALS; HALL-EFFECT ANALYSIS; CONDUCTION-BAND; GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE;
CARRIER CONCENTRATIONS; DOPED GASB
AB Phonon-plasmon coupled mode Raman spectra of n-type GaSb were measured at room temperature as a function of electron concentration. These spectra were obtained using an optical system based on 752.55 nm excitation. Utilization of this wavelength permits greater sensitivity to GaSb coupled mode Raman scattering over a wider doping range than is possible with visible wavelength excitation-based systems. A relatively simple spectral model for the electronic contribution to the dielectric function was evaluated for determination of electron concentration from the bulk coupled mode spectra. The electron concentrations were determined from the Raman spectra by minimizing the sum of the squared residuals between a measured and a simulated spectrum as a function of Fermi energy and a plasmon damping parameter. The electron concentrations determined from the fits to the Raman spectra were compared to the electron concentrations determined from single magnetic field Hall effect measurements that were corrected to account for carriers in two conduction band minima. The electron concentrations determined using the two methods differed from approximate to-16% at low doping levels to approximate to+24% at high doping levels. In general, compared to the electron concentrations determined from the corrected Hall effect measurements, the electron concentrations determined from the Raman spectra were lower for epilayers with lower Hall effect electron concentrations and higher for epilayers with higher Hall effect electron concentrations. The deviations between the results obtained with the two methods were attributed to the impact of uncertainties in GaSb material properties on the accuracy of the correction to the single field Hall effect measurements and to the limitations of the spectral model employed.
C1 [Maslar, J. E.; Hurst, W. S.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wang, C. A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA.
RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jmaslar@nist.gov
NR 63
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 104
IS 10
AR 103521
DI 10.1063/1.3021159
PG 10
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 396QI
UT WOS:000262605800047
ER
PT J
AU Higgins, RW
Silva, VBS
Kousky, VE
Shi, W
AF Higgins, R. W.
Silva, V. B. S.
Kousky, V. E.
Shi, W.
TI Comparison of Daily Precipitation Statistics for the United States in
Observations and in the NCEP Climate Forecast System
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; PREDICTABILITY; RAINFALL; SKILL; CYCLE
AB An intercomparison of the statistics of daily precipitation within seasonal climate over the conterminous United States is carried out using gridded station data and output from the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS). Differences in the occurrence of daily precipitation between the observations and a set of CFS reforecasts are examined as a function of forecast lead time for 1982-2005. Difference patterns show considerable evolution depending on season and lead time, with positive biases in CFS at most locations and leads except along the southern tier of states during the spring and summer months.
An examination of differences in daily precipitation statistics by ENSO phase and in the frequencies of wet and dry spells is also conducted using a longer period of gridded daily station data (1948-2006) and a pair of 100-yr CFS coupled simulations. These comparisons expose additional details of the regional and seasonal dependence of the bias in the CFS simulations and reforecasts over the conterminous United States. The analysis motivates additional synoptic studies aimed at improving the linkage between daily precipitation and related circulation features in CFS. Prospects for using this information to develop more reliable ensemble-based probabilistic forecasts in real time at leads of 2-4 weeks (e. g., risks of heavy rain events) are also considered.
C1 [Higgins, R. W.; Silva, V. B. S.; Kousky, V. E.; Shi, W.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Washington, DC 20233 USA.
EM wayne.higgins@noaa.gov
RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010
NR 26
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 22
BP 5993
EP 6014
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2339.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 375IQ
UT WOS:000261107800016
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, XB
McPhaden, MJ
AF Zhang, Xuebin
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI Eastern Equatorial Pacific Forcing of ENSO Sea Surface Temperature
Anomalies
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; PART II; OCEAN; MECHANISMS; MODEL;
VARIABILITY; TERMINATION; CLIMATE; BALANCE
AB Previous studies have described the impacts of wind stress variations in the eastern Pacific on sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. However, these studies have usually focused on individual El Nino events and typically have not considered impacts on La Nina-the cold phase of the ENSO cycle. This paper examines effects of wind stress and heat flux forcing on interannual SST variations in the eastern equatorial Pacific from sensitivity tests using an ocean general circulation model over the period 1980-2002. Results indicate that in the Nino-3 region (5 degrees N-5 degrees S, 90 degrees-150 degrees W) a zonal wind stress anomaly of 0.01 N m(-2) leads to about 1 degrees C SST anomaly and that air-sea heat fluxes tend to damp interannual SST anomalies generated by other physical processes at a rate of about 40 W m(-2) (degrees C)(-1). These results systematically quantify expectations from previous event specific numerical model studies that local forcing in the eastern Pacific can significantly affect the evolution of both warm and cold phases of the ENSO cycle. The results are also consistent with a strictly empirical analysis that indicates that a wind stress anomaly of 0.01 N m(-2) leads to similar to 1 degrees C SST anomaly in the Nino-3 region.
C1 [Zhang, Xuebin; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Zhang, Xuebin] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Zhang, XB (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM xuebin.zhang@noaa.gov
RI Zhang, Xuebin/A-3405-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
OI Zhang, Xuebin/0000-0003-1731-3524;
FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and Climate Program
Office
FX We thank Billy Kessler of NOAA/PMEL, LuAnne Thompson, Charles Eriksen,
Paul Quay, and Mike Wallace of the University of Washington for their
advice. We also acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their
constructive critiques. We obtained the NODC_WOA98 data from the web at
http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. This research was supported by NOAA's Office
of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and Climate Program Office.
NR 23
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 22
BP 6070
EP 6079
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2422.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 375IQ
UT WOS:000261107800022
ER
PT J
AU Horodysky, AZ
Brill, RW
Warrant, EJ
Musick, JA
Latour, RJ
AF Horodysky, Andrij Z.
Brill, Richard W.
Warrant, Eric J.
Musick, John A.
Latour, Robert J.
TI Comparative visual function in five sciaenid fishes inhabiting
Chesapeake Bay
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE electroretinography; fish; flicker fusion frequency; Sciaenidae;
spectral sensitivity; visual ecology
ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; SEA FISHES; CRITICAL
ILLUMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL LIGHT; SENSORY DEVELOPMENT; UNDERWATER
LIGHT; TELEOST FISHES; PIGMENTS; MARINE
AB Maintaining optimal visual performance is a difficult task in the photodynamic coastal and estuarine waters in which western North Atlantic sciaenid fishes support substantial commercial and recreational fisheries. Unavoidable tradeoffs exist between visual sensitivity and resolution, yet sciaenid visual systems have not been characterized despite strong species-specific ecomorphological and microhabitat differentiation. We therefore used electroretinographic techniques to describe the light sensitivities, temporal properties, and spectral characteristics of the visual systems of five sciaenids common to Chesapeake Bay, USA: weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus). Benthic sciaenids exhibited higher sensitivities and broader dynamic ranges in white light V/logI experiments than more pelagic forms. Sensitivities of the former were at the lower (more sensitive) end of an emerging continuum for coastal fishes. Flicker fusion frequency experiments revealed significant interspecific differences at maximum intensities that correlated with lifestyle and habitat, but no specific differences at dimmer intensities. Spectral responses of most sciaenids spanned 400-610 nm, with significant diel differences in weakfish and Atlantic croaker. Weakfish, a crepuscular predator, also responded to ultraviolet wavelengths; this characteristic may be more useful under less turbid conditions. Collectively, these results suggest that sciaenids are well adapted to the dynamic photoclimate of the coastal and estuarine waters they inhabit. However, the recent anthropogenic degradation of water quality in coastal environments, at a pace faster than the evolution of visual systems, has amplified the importance of characterizing visual function in managed aquatic fauna.
C1 [Horodysky, Andrij Z.; Musick, John A.; Latour, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Warrant, Eric J.] Lund Univ, Vis Grp, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
RP Horodysky, AZ (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
EM andrij@vims.edu
FU Virginia Sportfish Development Fund; Virginia Marine Resources
Commission; National Marine Fisheries Service; International Women's
Fishing Association; Swedish Research Counci [2968]
FX We thank Capt. S. Wray, J. Lucy, J. Smith, P. Lynch, and the vessels
Bada Bing and Sea Beaver for their assistance collecting study animals.
S. Johnsen and L. Litherland kindly provided comments on earlier drafts
of this manuscript. K. Fritsches and L. Litherland patiently provided
assistance with lamp calibrations and electroretinographic experiments,
and M. Luckenbach, R. Bonniwell, and S. Fate provided logistical
assistance and extreme flexibility in support of these experiments.
Assistance with animal husbandry was graciously provided by A.
Buchheister, P. Lynch, C. Magel, S. Musick, T. Nania, L. Rose and J.
Woodward. This research was funded by the Virginia Sportfish Development
Fund, Virginia Marine Resources Commission. Partial support was also
provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and by an award to A.
Z. H. from the International Women's Fishing Association. E. J. W. is
grateful for the ongoing support of the Swedish Research Council (VR).
This is VIMS contribution number 2968.
NR 94
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 13
PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL,
CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 0022-0949
EI 1477-9145
J9 J EXP BIOL
JI J. Exp. Biol.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 211
IS 22
BP 3601
EP 3612
DI 10.1242/jeb.023358
PG 12
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 367GO
UT WOS:000260540700016
PM 18978225
ER
PT J
AU Wedding, LM
Friedlander, AM
McGranaghan, M
Yost, RS
Monaco, ME
AF Wedding, Lisa M.
Friedlander, Alan M.
McGranaghan, Matthew
Yost, Russell S.
Monaco, Mark E.
TI Using bathymetric lidar to define nearshore benthic habitat complexity:
Implications for management of reef fish assemblages in Hawaii
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Light detection and ranging; Lidar; Habitat complexity; Rugosity; Coral
reef fishes; Hawaii
ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; BISCAYNE NATIONAL-PARK; CORAL-REEF; SPECIES
RICHNESS; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; FLORIDA;
POPULATIONS
AB Habitat complexity plays a major role in determining the distribution and structure of fish assemblages in the aquatic environment. These locations are critical for ecosystem function and have significant implications for conservation and management. In this study, we evaluated the utility of remotely sensed lidar (light detection and ranging) data for deriving substrate rugosity (a measure of habitat complexity) on a coral reef in Hawaii. We also assessed the potential application of lidar data for examining the relationship between habitat complexity and Hawaiian reef fish assemblage characteristics. Lidar-derived rugosity (4 m grid size) was found to be highly correlated with in-situ rugosity and was concluded to be a viable method for measuring rugosity in analogous coral reef environments. We established that lidar-derived rugosity was a good predictor of fish biomass and demonstrated a strong relationship with several fish assemblage metrics in hard bottom habitat at multiple spatial resolutions. This research demonstrates (i) the efficacy of lidar data to provide substrate rugosity measures at scales commensurate with the resources and their environment (ii) the applicability of lidar-derived rugosity for examining fish-habitat relationships on a coral reef in Hawaii and (iii) the potential of lidar to provide information about the seascape structure that can ultimately be used to prioritize areas for conservation and management. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wedding, Lisa M.; McGranaghan, Matthew] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Wedding, Lisa M.; Friedlander, Alan M.; Monaco, Mark E.] NOAA, NCCOS, CCMA, NOS Biogeog Branch, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Yost, Russell S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Wedding, LM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, 2424 Maile Way,Saunders Hall 445, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM wedding@hawaii.edu
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611
FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; National Centers for Coastal
Ocean Science-Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
FX We would like to thank Athline Clark, Paul Jokiel, Eric Brown and Alan
Hong for their support during this project. Simon Pittman, Steve
Rohmann, Ariel C. Rivera-Vicente, Matthew Barbee and three anonymous
reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. The U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers contributed the SHOALS lidar data used for this
study. This research was funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation
Program and National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science-Center for
Coastal Monitoring and Assessment.
NR 63
TC 65
Z9 67
U1 5
U2 40
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD NOV 15
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 11
SI SI
BP 4159
EP 4165
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.01.025
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 369GV
UT WOS:000260683500015
ER
PT J
AU Zolot, AM
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Zolot, Alexander M.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Crossed jet reactive scattering dynamics of F+H2O -> HF(v,J) plus
OH:HF(v,J) product quantum state distributions under single-collision
conditions
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ab initio calculations; fluorine; molecular moments; molecule-molecule
reactions; molecule-photon collisions; rotational-vibrational states;
spectrochemical analysis; vibrational states; water
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EXPERIMENTS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; POTENTIAL-ENERGY
SURFACE; BOND-SELECTED REACTION; TO-STATE; SUPERSONIC JETS;
HYDROGEN-ATOMS; BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; VIBRATIONAL-STATE; FLUORINE ATOMS
AB Reactive scattering dynamics of F+H2O -> HF+OH have been investigated under single-collision, crossed, supersonic jet conditions at 5.4(1.3) kcal/mol, and nascent HF(v,J) rovibrational populations (v <= 2, J <= 17) have been observed via high resolution IR laser absorption methods. Vibrational populations are highly inverted, with 75(2)% and 21(5)% of the observed HF product formed in v=1 and 0, respectively. Small but finite branching [5(1)%] into the v=2 manifold is observed, which is accessible only via the additional center of mass collision energy in the crossed jets. Despite energy constraints associated with substantial vibrational excitation, the reaction dynamics also lead to rotationally hyperthermal HF, with populations observed up to near the energetic limit for each of the v=0,1,2 vibrational manifolds. The trends in these nascent product rovibrational distributions are interpreted in terms of ab initio predictions of a strongly bent, early-barrier transition state and long-range dipole-dipole interactions in the exit channel.
C1 [Zolot, Alexander M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Zolot, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@jila.colorado.edu
RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation
FX This work has been supported by grants from the Air Force Office of
Scientific Research. Additional support for the development of the
supersonic discharge F radical source was provided by the National
Science Foundation.
NR 70
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 14
PY 2008
VL 129
IS 18
AR 184305
DI 10.1063/1.2998524
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 373AV
UT WOS:000260944300024
PM 19045401
ER
PT J
AU Sawyer, BC
Stuhl, BK
Wang, D
Yeo, M
Ye, J
AF Sawyer, Brian C.
Stuhl, Benjamin K.
Wang, Dajun
Yeo, Mark
Ye, Jun
TI Molecular Beam Collisions with a Magnetically Trapped Target
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLAR-MOLECULES; MASERS; OH
AB Cold, neutral hydroxyl radicals are Stark decelerated and efficiently loaded into a permanent magnetic trap. The OH molecules are trapped in the rovibrational ground state at a density of similar to 10(6) cm(-3) and temperature of 70 mK. Collision studies between the trapped OH sample and supersonic beams of atomic He and molecular D(2) determine absolute collision cross sections. The He-OH and D(2)-OH center-of-mass collision energies are tuned from 60 cm(-1) to 230 cm(-1) and 145 cm(-1) to 510 cm(-1), respectively, yielding evidence of quantum threshold scattering and resonant energy transfer between colliding particles.
C1 [Sawyer, Brian C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Sawyer, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Wang, Dajun/F-7026-2012;
OI Stuhl, Benjamin/0000-0003-0759-3323
FU DOE; NSF; NIST
FX We acknowledge DOE, NSF, and NIST for funding support. We thank E.
Meyer, J.L. Bohn, B. Lev, and J.M. Hutson for stimulating discussions
and T. Keep and H. Green for technical assistance.
NR 34
TC 70
Z9 70
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 14
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 20
AR 203203
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.203203
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 372XR
UT WOS:000260936100021
PM 19113337
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, JE
Carmichael, GR
Chai, T
Mena-Carrasco, M
Tang, Y
Blake, DR
Blake, NJ
Vay, SA
Collatz, GJ
Baker, I
Berry, JA
Montzka, SA
Sweeney, C
Schnoor, JL
Stanier, CO
AF Campbell, J. E.
Carmichael, G. R.
Chai, T.
Mena-Carrasco, M.
Tang, Y.
Blake, D. R.
Blake, N. J.
Vay, S. A.
Collatz, G. J.
Baker, I.
Berry, J. A.
Montzka, S. A.
Sweeney, C.
Schnoor, J. L.
Stanier, C. O.
TI Photosynthetic Control of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide During the
Growing Season
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; CO2; MODEL; EXCHANGE;
FLUXES; STRATOSPHERE; CONSUMPTION; VEGETATION; FEEDBACKS
AB Climate models incorporate photosynthesis- climate feedbacks, yet we lack robust tools for large- scale assessments of these processes. Recent work suggests that carbonyl sulfide ( COS), a trace gas consumed by plants, could provide a valuable constraint on photosynthesis. Here we analyze airborne observations of COS and carbon dioxide concentrations during the growing season over North America with a three- dimensional atmospheric transport model. We successfully modeled the persistent vertical drawdown of atmospheric COS using the quantitative relation between COS and photosynthesis that has been measured in plant chamber experiments. Furthermore, this drawdown is driven by plant uptake rather than other continental and oceanic fluxes in the model. These results provide quantitative evidence that COS gradients in the continental growing season may have broad use as a measurement- based photosynthesis tracer.
C1 [Campbell, J. E.; Schnoor, J. L.] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Carmichael, G. R.; Tang, Y.; Stanier, C. O.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Chai, T.] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Mena-Carrasco, M.] Univ Andres Bello, Dept Environm Engn, Santiago, Chile.
[Mena-Carrasco, M.] MIT, Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Blake, D. R.; Blake, N. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Vay, S. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Collatz, G. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Baker, I.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Berry, J. A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA.
RP Campbell, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Coll Engn, Merced, CA 95344 USA.
EM ecampbell3@ucmerced.edu
RI Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Campbell, Elliott/B-8025-2008; Chai,
Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; collatz,
george/D-5381-2012; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/B-8483-2012; Stanier,
Charles/D-4307-2016
OI Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641;
Berry, Joseph A/0000-0002-5849-6438; Montzka,
Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Stanier, Charles/0000-0001-9924-0853
FU NASA Earth System Science Graduate Fellowship; Center for Global and
Regional Environmental Research; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research contribution to the North American Carbon Program; NASA INTEX;
NSF Information Technology Research
FX We thank J. Kettle for COS flux data and C. Tebaldi, J. Dungan, T.
Campbell, and D. Campbell for critical comments on the manuscript. This
research was supported by a NASA Earth System Science Graduate
Fellowship, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, NOAA
Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research contribution to the North
American Carbon Program, NASA INTEX, and NSF Information Technology
Research grants. NOAA observations of COS and CO2 were made
possible by the assistance of P. Tans, C. Sweeney, L. Miller, T. Conway,
P. Lang, C. Siso, and B. Hall.
NR 30
TC 69
Z9 70
U1 4
U2 46
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD NOV 14
PY 2008
VL 322
IS 5904
BP 1085
EP 1088
DI 10.1126/science.1164015
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 371YD
UT WOS:000260867700033
PM 19008442
ER
PT J
AU Coplen, TB
Neiman, PJ
White, AB
Landwehr, JM
Ralph, FM
Dettinger, MD
AF Coplen, Tyler B.
Neiman, Paul J.
White, Allen B.
Landwehr, Jurate M.
Ralph, F. Martin
Dettinger, Michael D.
TI Extreme changes in stable hydrogen isotopes and precipitation
characteristics in a landfalling Pacific storm
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; CALIFORNIA; CALJET; WINTER;
RAINFALL; MOISTURE
AB With a new automated precipitation collector we measured a remarkable decrease of 51 parts per thousand in the hydrogen isotope ratio (delta H-2) of precipitation over a 60-minute period during the landfall of an extratropical cyclone along the California coast on 21 March 2005. The rapid drop in delta H-2 occurred as precipitation generation transitioned from a shallow to a much deeper cloud layer, in accord with synoptic-scale ascent and deep ''seeder-feeder'' precipitation. Such unexpected delta H-2 variations can substantially impact widely used isotope-hydrograph methods. From extreme delta H-2 values of -26 and -78 parts per thousand, we calculate precipitation temperatures of 9.7 and -4.2 degrees C using an adiabatic condensation isotope model, in good agreement with temperatures estimated from surface observations and radar data. This model indicates that 60 percent of the moisture was precipitated during ascent as temperature decreased from 15 degrees C at the ocean surface to -4 degrees C above the measurement site.
C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.; Landwehr, Jurate M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program
FX The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made
this report possible. We thank R. Gonfiantini and F. Gherardi for
sharing their isotopic numerical model and Scripps Institution of
Oceanography for hosting meetings. We are grateful for reviews by I.
Winograd, M. Scholl, D. Kingsmill, and J. Miller. We commend the
talented engineering staff at NOAA/ESRL/PSD for operating the AR
observatory.
NR 19
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 13
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 21
AR L21808
DI 10.1029/2008GL035481
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 373RU
UT WOS:000260991000003
ER
PT J
AU Panels, JE
Lee, J
Park, KY
Kang, SY
Marquez, M
Wiesner, U
Joo, YL
AF Panels, Jeanne E.
Lee, Jinwoo
Park, Kang Yeol
Kang, Seung Yeon
Marquez, Manuel
Wiesner, Ulrich
Joo, Yong Lak
TI Synthesis and characterization of magnetically active carbon
nanofiber/iron oxide composites with hierarchical pore structures
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOPOROUS CARBON; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPOROUS CARBON; RECENT
PROGRESS; BIOFUEL CELL; FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; TEMPLATE;
CATALYST
AB Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution containing the iron oxide precursor iron (III) acetylacetonate (AAI) was electrospun and thermally treated to produce electrically conducting, magnetic carbon nanofiber mats with hierarchical pore structures. The morphology and material properties of the resulting multifunctional nanofiber mats including the surface area and the electric and magnetic properties were examined using various characterization techniques. Scanning electron microscopy images show that uniform fibers were produced with a fiber diameter of similar to 600 nm, and this uniform fiber morphology is maintained after graphitization with a fiber diameter of similar to 330 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman studies reveal that both graphite and Fe(3)O(4) crystals are formed after thermal treatment, and graphitization can be enhanced by the presence of iron. A combination of XRD and transmission electron microscopy experiments reveals the formation of pores with graphitic nanoparticles in the walls as well as the formation of magnetite nanoparticles distributed throughout the fibers. Physisorption experiments show that the multifunctional fiber mats exhibit a high surface area (200-400 m(2) g(-1)) and their pore size is dependent on the amount of iron added and graphitization conditions. Finally, we have demonstrated that the fibers are electrically conducting as well as magnetically active.
C1 [Panels, Jeanne E.; Park, Kang Yeol; Kang, Seung Yeon; Joo, Yong Lak] Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Lee, Jinwoo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Kyungbuk 790784, South Korea.
[Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wiesner, Ulrich] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Joo, YL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM ylj2@cornell.edu
RI Lee, Jinwoo/G-3330-2016
OI Lee, Jinwoo/0000-0001-6347-0446
FU Interdisciplinary Network of Emerging Technology Group; National Science
Foundation [DMR-0404195]
FX This work was funded by the Interdisciplinary Network of Emerging
Technology Group. The financial support of the National Science
Foundation (award DMR-0404195) is also gratefully acknowledged,
NR 43
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 44
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD NOV 12
PY 2008
VL 19
IS 45
AR 455612
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/45/455612
PG 7
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 358MT
UT WOS:000259922000030
PM 21832789
ER
PT J
AU Jurchescu, OD
Subramanian, S
Kline, RJ
Hudson, SD
Anthony, JE
Jackson, TN
Gundlach, DJ
AF Jurchescu, Oana D.
Subramanian, Sankar
Kline, R. Joseph
Hudson, Steven D.
Anthony, John E.
Jackson, Thomas N.
Gundlach, David J.
TI Organic Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors of a Soluble
Anthradithiophene
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-MOBILITY; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; PENTACENE; SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE;
DERIVATIVES; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE
AB We present the first characterization of single-crystal devices of a new solution processable material that we have previously demonstrated achieves technologically relevant performance in the polycrystalline thin film state. Our studies include growth and investigation of structural, as well as electronic properties of single crystals of 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF-TESADT). Field-effect transistors fabricated on the surface of diF-TESADT single crystals exhibit excellent electronic properties: mobility as high as 6 cm(2)/Vs, large current on/off ratios (I-on/I-off = 1 x 10(8)), small subthreshold slopes (S = 1 V/dec), and extremely small hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics. These properties, coupled with solution processability, make diF-TESADT attractive for electronic applications and demonstrate the technological potential of soluble oligomers.
C1 [Jurchescu, Oana D.; Gundlach, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kline, R. Joseph; Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jurchescu, Oana D.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Thin Film Devices, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Jurchescu, Oana D.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Subramanian, Sankar; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
RP Jurchescu, OD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM oana.jurchescu@nist.gov; david.gundlach@nist.gov
RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Jackson, Thomas/A-4224-2012;
OI Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888
FU development of new organic semiconductors
FX We acknowledge B. Hamadani and O. Kirillov for their assistance with the
prefabricated substrates, and S. Parkin, C. Richter, L. Richter, and D.
DeLongchamp for their insightful discussions during the preparation of
the manuscript. J.E.A. and S.S. acknowledge the Office of Naval Research
for support of the development of new organic semiconductors.
NR 26
TC 95
Z9 95
U1 3
U2 38
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD NOV 11
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 21
BP 6733
EP 6737
DI 10.1021/cm8021165
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 368YA
UT WOS:000260658100026
ER
PT J
AU Beletsky, D
Schwab, D
AF Beletsky, Dmitry
Schwab, David
TI Climatological circulation in Lake Michigan
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION EVENT; GREAT-LAKES; WINTER
AB Maps of climatological circulation in Lake Michigan are presented for the first time. They are based on ten years continuous modeling of lake hydrodynamics from 1998 2007 using observed meteorological data as the forcing function. Model results show a remarkably stable largescale cyclonic circulation pattern during both stratified and unstratified conditions. Lake-averaged mean current speed is about 2 cm/s, but currents can reach 10 cm/s in some locations. The model results are confirmed by long-term current observations. Citation: Beletsky, D., and D. Schwab (2008), Climatological circulation in Lake Michigan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21604, doi:10.1029/2008GL035773.
C1 [Beletsky, Dmitry] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Schwab, David] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Beletsky, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM dima.beletsky@noaa.gov; schwab@noaa.gov
RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012;
OI Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588
FU NOAA CSCOR; Great Lakes Fishery Trust; NOAA's Oceans and Human Health
Initiative
FX This work was funded by the NOAA CSCOR, Great Lakes Fishery Trust, and
the NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative. We thank anonymous
reviewers for comments that improved the paper. This is GLERL
contribution 1485.
NR 19
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 11
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 21
AR L21604
DI 10.1029/2008GL035773
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 373RR
UT WOS:000260990600006
ER
PT J
AU Shi, W
Wang, MH
AF Shi, Wei
Wang, Menghua
TI Three-dimensional observations from MODIS and CALIPSO for ocean
responses to cyclone Nargis in the Gulf of Martaban
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID COLOR
AB Satellites measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) are used to study physical, optical, and biological changes in the Gulf of Martaban following the passage of cyclone Nargis during early May of 2008. The shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm has been used to derive ocean optical and biological properties from MODIS. Following the passage of cyclone Nargis, a significant increase of surface sediment concentration is observed with considerably enhanced normalized water-leaving radiance at the red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths in the Gulf of Martaban and along the mouths of the Ayeyarwady River. It is estimated that, before and after cyclone Nargis, the average total suspended matter (TSM) in the Gulf of Martaban increased from 24 mg/l to 31 mg/l, while the TSM value nearly tripled from 12 mg/l to 34 mg/l along the mouths of the Ayeyarwady River. The CALIPSO measurements also show that, before cyclone Nargis, the sediment concentration in the region increases with depth in the water column, while after cyclone Nargis the sediment vertical profile becomes relatively uniform in the upper 50 m depth due to wind-driven vertical mixing and entrainment. Citation: Shi, W., and M. Wang (2008), Three-dimensional observations from MODIS and CALIPSO for ocean responses to cyclone Nargis in the Gulf of Martaban, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21603, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035279.
C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov
RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010
OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125
FU NOAA [MODIS L1B]; NASA [CALIPSO]; NASA/GSFC MODAPS
FX This research was supported by the NOAA and NASA funding and grants. The
MODIS L1B and CALIPSO data were obtained from NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services
website and the NASA
NR 17
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 11
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 21
AR L21603
DI 10.1029/2008GL035279
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 373RR
UT WOS:000260990600001
ER
PT J
AU Garcia, OE
Diaz, AM
Exposito, FJ
Diaz, JP
Dubovik, O
Dubuisson, P
Roger, JC
Eck, TF
Sinyuk, A
Derimian, Y
Dutton, EG
Schafer, JS
Holben, BN
Garcia, CA
AF Garcia, O. E.
Diaz, A. M.
Exposito, F. J.
Diaz, J. P.
Dubovik, O.
Dubuisson, P.
Roger, J-C
Eck, T. F.
Sinyuk, A.
Derimian, Y.
Dutton, E. G.
Schafer, J. S.
Holben, B. N.
Garcia, C. A.
TI Validation of AERONET estimates of atmospheric solar fluxes and aerosol
radiative forcing by ground-based broadband measurements
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; BIOMASS-BURNING
AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; BRAZILIAN AMAZON;
LIGHT-SCATTERING; DESERT DUST; NETWORK; RETRIEVAL
AB The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) estimates of instantaneous solar broadband fluxes (F) at surface have been validated through comparison with ground-based measurements of broadband fluxes at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) and by the Baseline Surface Radiation (BSRN) and the Solar Radiation Networks (SolRad-Net) during the period 1999-2005 and 1999-2006, respectively. The uncertainties in the calculated aerosol radiative forcing (Delta F) and radiative forcing efficiency (Delta F-eff) at the bottom of the atmosphere were also assessed. The stations have been selected attempting to cover different aerosols influences and hence radiative properties: urban-industrial, biomass burning, mineral dust, background continental, maritime aerosols and free troposphere. The AERONET solar downward fluxes at surface agree with ground-based measurements in all situations, with a correlation higher than 99% whereas the relation of observed to modeled fluxes ranges from 0.98 to 1.02. Globally an overestimation of 9 +/- 12 Wm(-2) of solar measurements was found, whereas for MLO (clear atmosphere) the differences decrease noticeably up to 2 +/- 10 Wm(-2). The highest dispersion between AERONET estimates and measurements was observed in locations dominated by mineral dust and mixed aerosols types. In these locations, the F and Delta F uncertainties have shown a modest increase of the differences for high aerosol load, contrary to Delta F-eff which are strongly affected by low aerosol load. Overall the discrepancies clustered within 9 +/- 12 Wm(-2) for Delta F and 28 +/- 30 Wm(-2) per unit of aerosol optical depth, tau, at 0.55 mu m for Delta F-eff, where the latter is given for tau(0.44 mu m) >= 0.4. The error distributions have not shown any significant tendency with other aerosol radiative properties as well as size and shape particles.
C1 [Garcia, O. E.; Diaz, A. M.; Exposito, F. J.; Diaz, J. P.] Univ La Laguna, Grp Observac Tierra & Atmosfera, Dept Fis FEES, E-38320 Tenerife, Spain.
[Dubovik, O.; Dubuisson, P.; Derimian, Y.] Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Dutton, E. G.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Eck, T. F.; Sinyuk, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Roger, J-C] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France.
[Eck, T. F.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Sinyuk, A.; Schafer, J. S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Garcia, OE (reprint author), Univ La Laguna, Grp Observac Tierra & Atmosfera, Dept Fis FEES, Avda Astrofis Francisco Sanchez S-N, E-38320 Tenerife, Spain.
EM ogarcia@ull.es
RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Schafer, Joel/A-3978-2010; ECK,
THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Garcia, Omaira/M-2896-2014;
OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Exposito, Francisco
Javier/0000-0002-6946-6090
FU Ministry of Education and Science (MEC, Spain) [CGL2004-05984-C07-05,
CGL2005-03428-C04-02, CGL2007-66477-C02-02/CLI, and PI042005/033]
FX We acknowledge the Ministry of Education and Science (MEC, Spain) for
the next supports: projects CGL2004-05984-C07-05, CGL2005-03428-C04-02,
and CGL2007-66477-C02-02/CLI, and PI042005/033. We gratefully
acknowledge the data provided by BSRN, SolRad-Net, MLO, and AERONET
networks. Finally, we wish to express our appreciation to the operators
of stations for their help on running the instruments.
NR 60
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 3
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 11
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D21
AR D21207
DI 10.1029/2008JD010211
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 373SF
UT WOS:000260992100003
ER
PT J
AU Tirumala, VR
Daga, V
Bosse, AW
Romang, A
Ilavsky, J
Lin, EK
Watkins, JJ
AF Tirumala, Vijay R.
Daga, Vikram
Bosse, August W.
Romang, Alvin
Ilavsky, Jan
Lin, Eric K.
Watkins, James J.
TI Well-Ordered Polymer Melts with 5 nm Lamellar Domains from Blends of a
Disordered Block Copolymer and a Selectively Associating Homopolymer of
Low or High Molar Mass
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER/HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; PHASE-BEHAVIOR;
MICROPHASE SEPARATION; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT;
FIELD-THEORY; MIXTURES; LITHOGRAPHY; MICROSTRUCTURES
AB The use of short chain block copolymer melts as nanostructured templates with sub-10 nm domains is often limited by their low segregation strength (chi N). Since increasing molar mass to strengthen segregation also increases the interdomain spacing of block copolymer melts, it is more desirable to increase the Hory-Huggins segment-segment interaction parameter, chi, to produce strong segregation. We have recently shown that poly(oxyethylene-oxypropylene-oxyethylene) block copolymer melts can undergo disorder-to-order transition when blended with a selectively associating homopolymer that can hydrogen bond with one of the blocks. Here, we study the effect of the molar mass of poly(acrylic acid) in the range 1-13 times that of the copolymer on the segregation of a 6.5 kg/mol poly(oxyethylene-oxypropylene-oxyethylene) copolymer melt. The neat copolymer is disordered, and the addition of poly(acrylic acid) resulted in a well-ordered lamellar morphology with an interdomain spacing of 10 +/- 1.0 nm. Using small-angle and ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering, we found that the blends remain well ordered at 80 degrees C over the entire range of homopolymer chain lengths. A small increase in the interdomain spacing of the lamellae and an order-order transition from lamellae-to-cylindrical morphology was observed in all blends as a function of increasing homopolymer concentration. The trends observed in experiments were validated by self-consistent field theoretical simulations.
C1 [Tirumala, Vijay R.; Daga, Vikram; Romang, Alvin; Watkins, James J.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Tirumala, Vijay R.; Bosse, August W.; Lin, Eric K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60559 USA.
RP Watkins, JJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM watkins@polysci.umass.edu
RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013
OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900;
FU National Science Foundation; Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing
(CHM-NSEC) [CMMI 0531171, CBET 0422543]; National Research Council
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through the
Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing (CHM-NSEC) under Contracts CMMI
0531171 and CBET 0422543. Facilities supported by the NSF Materials
Research Science and Engineering Center and the CHM at UMass were used
in the course of this work. Use of neutron scattering facilities was
supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement
DMR-0454672. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. A.W.B. gratefully acknowledges support from
the National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate program.
We thank an anonymous referee for suggesting that microphase separation
maximizes favorable PEO/PAA interactions and contributes to the driving
force for disorder-to-order transition in blends of Pluronic copolymers
with PAA.
NR 58
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 5
U2 40
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD NOV 11
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 21
BP 7978
EP 7985
DI 10.1021/ma801124n
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 368HR
UT WOS:000260612700033
ER
PT J
AU Tian, L
Allman, MS
Simmonds, RW
AF Tian, L.
Allman, M. S.
Simmonds, R. W.
TI Parametric coupling between macroscopic quantum resonators
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; CONTINUOUS VARIABLE SYSTEMS; NANOMECHANICAL
RESONATOR; SUPERCONDUCTING QUBITS; CAVITY; CRITERION; DYNAMICS; CIRCUIT;
MOTION
AB Time-dependent linear coupling between macroscopic quantum resonator modes generates both a parametric amplification also known as a 'squeezing operation' and a beam splitter operation, analogous to quantum optical systems. These operations, when applied properly, can robustly generate entanglement and squeezing for the quantum resonator modes. Here, we present such coupling schemes between a nanomechanical resonator and a superconducting electrical resonator using applied microwave voltages as well as between two superconducting lumped-element electrical resonators using a rf SQUID-mediated tunable coupler. By calculating the logarithmic negativity of the partially transposed density matrix, we quantitatively study the entanglement generated at finite temperatures. We also show that characterization of the nanomechanical resonator state after the quantum operations can be achieved by detecting the electrical resonator only. Thus, one of the electrical resonator modes can act as a probe to measure the entanglement of the coupled systems and the degree of squeezing for the other resonator mode.
C1 [Tian, L.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA.
[Allman, M. S.; Simmonds, R. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Tian, L (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA.
EM ltian@ucmerced.edu; simmonds@boulder.nist.gov
RI Allman, Michael/E-5922-2011; Tian, Lin/I-3314-2013
OI Tian, Lin/0000-0001-6281-1034
FU NIST; IARPA [DNI-713268]
FX RWS is supported by NIST and IARPA under grant no. DNI-713268.
NR 50
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD NOV 11
PY 2008
VL 10
AR 115001
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/11/115001
PG 15
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 370KD
UT WOS:000260760200001
ER
PT J
AU Motayed, A
Davydov, AV
AF Motayed, Abhishek
Davydov, Albert V.
TI GaN-nanowire/amorphous-Si core-shell heterojunction diodes
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE amorphous semiconductors; boron; doping profiles; electrophoresis;
elemental semiconductors; etching; gallium compounds; III-V
semiconductors; nanowires; photolithography; plasma CVD; plasma
materials processing; p-n heterojunctions; semiconductor diodes;
silicon; tunnelling; wide band gap semiconductors
ID MULTICOLOR; NANOWIRES
AB We report the electrical characterization of gallium-nitride/amorphous-silicon (n-type nanowire/p-type shell) diodes fabricated by postgrowth silicon shell formation technique. The n-type (unintentionally doped) gallium-nitride (GaN) nanowires were aligned on prepatterned sapphire substrates using dielectrophoresis. The amorphous silicon (a-Si) shell was deposited using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique and doped using spin-on boron dopant. Using photolithography, plasma etching, and metal deposition, complete p-n (p-type a-Si shell on n-type GaN nanowire) heterojunction diodes were developed. These diodes had reliable electrical characteristics with 1 V forward turn-on voltage. These nanowire core-shell heterojunction diodes exhibited negative differential resistance, which can be explained by phonon-assisted interband tunneling mechanism.
C1 [Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Motayed, A (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM amotayed@nist.gov
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311
FU ARO/DTRA [W911-NF-06-1-0464]
FX This work was supported by ARO/DTRA (Contract No. W911-NF-06-1-0464).
The nanowire devices were fabricated at the Nanofab clean room of the
NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
NR 10
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD NOV 10
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 19
AR 193102
DI 10.1063/1.3021390
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 373AT
UT WOS:000260944100085
ER
PT J
AU Vaudin, MD
Gerbig, YB
Stranick, SJ
Cook, RF
AF Vaudin, Mark D.
Gerbig, Yvonne B.
Stranick, Stephan J.
Cook, Robert F.
TI Comparison of nanoscale measurements of strain and stress using electron
back scattered diffraction and confocal Raman microscopy
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE electron backscattering; elemental semiconductors; indentation; internal
stresses; nanostructured materials; Raman spectra; silicon
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; SILICON; SPECTROSCOPY
AB Stresses in Si as small as 10 MPa have been measured using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) with spatial resolutions of 10 nm and 100 nm, respectively. In both techniques, data were collected across wedge indentations in (001) Si. EBSD measured the stress and strain tensors and CRM measured the uniaxial stress. The results agreed very well except close to the indentation, where the surface-sensitive EBSD results indicated larger stresses. Results converged when the CRM laser excitation wavelength was reduced, probing smaller depths. The stress profiles are consistent with the inverse-square power law predicted by Eshelby analysis.
C1 [Vaudin, Mark D.; Gerbig, Yvonne B.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Surface & Microanalysis Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Vaudin, MD (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mark.vaudin@nist.gov
NR 19
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 3
U2 36
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD NOV 10
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 19
AR 193116
DI 10.1063/1.3026542
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 373AT
UT WOS:000260944100099
ER
PT J
AU Wahlstrand, JK
Willits, JT
Menyuk, CR
Cundiff, ST
AF Wahlstrand, J. K.
Willits, J. T.
Menyuk, C. R.
Cundiff, S. T.
TI The quantum-limited comb lineshape of a mode-locked laser: Fundamental
limits on frequency uncertainty
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHASE DYNAMICS; FIBER-LASER; NOISE; DISPERSION
AB We calculate the quantum-limited shape of the comb lines from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser using experimentally-derived parameters for the linear response of the laser to perturbations. The free-running width of the comb lines is found across the laser spectrum. By modeling the effect of a simple feedback loop, we calculate the spectrum of the residual phase noise in terms of the quantum noise and the feedback parameters. Finally, we calculate the frequency uncertainty in an optical frequency measurement if the limiting factor is quantum noise in the detection of the optical heterodyne beat. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America
C1 [Wahlstrand, J. K.; Willits, J. T.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Willits, J. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Menyuk, C. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
NR 21
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 9
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD NOV 10
PY 2008
VL 16
IS 23
BP 18624
EP 18630
DI 10.1364/OE.16.018624
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 371XM
UT WOS:000260866000008
PM 19581948
ER
PT J
AU Honjo, T
Nam, SW
Takesue, H
Zhang, Q
Kamada, H
Nishida, Y
Tadanaga, O
Asobe, M
Baek, B
Hadfield, RH
Miki, S
Fujiwara, M
Sasaki, M
Wang, Z
Inoue, K
Yamamoto, Y
AF Honjo, T.
Nam, S. W.
Takesue, H.
Zhang, Q.
Kamada, H.
Nishida, Y.
Tadanaga, O.
Asobe, M.
Baek, B.
Hadfield, R. H.
Miki, S.
Fujiwara, M.
Sasaki, M.
Wang, Z.
Inoue, K.
Yamamoto, Y.
TI Long-distance entanglement-based quantum key distribution over optical
fiber
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION; FREQUENCY UP-CONVERSION; BELL THEOREM;
WAVE-GUIDES; 1550 NM; CRYPTOGRAPHY; COMMUNICATION; PAIRS; DETECTORS;
LIGHT
AB We report the first entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) experiment over a 100-km optical fiber. We used superconducting single photon detectors based on NbN nanowires that provide high-speed single photon detection for the 1.5-mu m telecom band, an efficient entangled photon pair source that consists of a fiber coupled periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide and ultra low loss filters, and planar lightwave circuit Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with ultra stable operation. These characteristics enabled us to perform an entanglement-based QKD experiment over a 100-km optical fiber. In the experiment, which lasted approximately 8 hours, we successfully generated a 16 kbit sifted key with a quantum bit error rate of 6.9% at a rate of 0.59 bits per second, from which we were able to distill a 3.9 kbit secure key. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
C1 [Honjo, T.; Takesue, H.; Kamada, H.; Inoue, K.] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan.
[Nam, S. W.; Baek, B.; Hadfield, R. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Zhang, Q.; Yamamoto, Y.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Nishida, Y.; Tadanaga, O.; Asobe, M.] NTT Corp, NTT Photon Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan.
[Miki, S.; Fujiwara, M.; Sasaki, M.; Wang, Z.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan.
[Inoue, K.] Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
[Zhang, Q.; Yamamoto, Y.] Res Org Informat & Syst, Natl Inst Informat, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1018430, Japan.
[Honjo, T.; Takesue, H.; Inoue, K.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, Japan.
RP Honjo, T (reprint author), NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan.
EM honjo@will.brl.ntt.co.jp
RI 张, 强/B-1292-2012; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa/A-2811-2012; Takesue,
Hiroki/J-4514-2012; Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013
OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187
NR 31
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 2
U2 17
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD NOV 10
PY 2008
VL 16
IS 23
BP 19118
EP 19126
DI 10.1364/OE.16.019118
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 371XM
UT WOS:000260866000064
PM 19582004
ER
PT J
AU Wick, GA
Kuo, YH
Ralph, FM
Wee, TK
Neiman, PJ
AF Wick, Gary A.
Kuo, Ying-Hwa
Ralph, F. Martin
Wee, Tae-Kwon
Neiman, Paul J.
TI Intercomparison of integrated water vapor retrievals from SSM/I and
COSMIC
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN; ALGORITHM; IMPLEMENTATION; SYSTEM; GPS
AB Integrated water vapor (IWV) estimates derived from four different Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) algorithms are collocated and compared with IWV retrievals using Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPSRO) soundings from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate ( COSMIC) mission. The values exhibit strong overall agreement lending support for the accuracy of both the COSMIC data and the traditional passive microwave IWV products. Differences among the products varying with latitude, cloud liquid water content, rain rate, and wind speed highlight key differences between the SSM/I algorithms. Additional differences related to the coarser COSMIC spatial resolution are also observed but are independent from the other dependencies. The differences appear independent of the bottom altitude of the GPSRO soundings. The results suggest a new method of quantifying the uncertainty in individual IWV retrievals as functions of coincident environmental parameters for application to data assimilation and numerical weather prediction. Citation: Wick, G. A., Y.-H. Kuo, F. M. Ralph, T.-K. Wee, and P. J. Neiman (2008), Intercomparison of integrated water vapor retrievals from SSM/I and COSMIC, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21805, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035126.
C1 [Wick, Gary A.; Ralph, F. Martin; Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Kuo, Ying-Hwa; Wee, Tae-Kwon] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Wick, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM gary.a.wick@noaa.gov
NR 16
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 8
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 21
AR L21805
DI 10.1029/2008GL035126
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 370UT
UT WOS:000260789300001
ER
PT J
AU Gadhavi, H
Pinker, RT
Laszlo, I
AF Gadhavi, H.
Pinker, R. T.
Laszlo, I.
TI Estimates of surface ultraviolet radiation over north America using
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID UV-RADIATION; PHOTOLYSIS RATES; B IRRADIANCE; AEROSOLS; CALIBRATION;
OZONE; TOMS; CLIMATOLOGY; SENSITIVITY; SCATTERING
AB Information on ultraviolet (UV) radiative fluxes is needed for public safety, understanding biodiversity, and for chemical transport modeling. Space-based observations can provide homogeneous and systematic estimates of the UV flux over large regions. In the past, UV flux estimates have been made from polar orbiting satellites; such estimates lack information on diurnal variability that can result in significant errors in UV dose (diurnally integrated UV flux). An algorithm has been developed to estimate diurnally varying spectral UV flux at the surface based on information from geostationary satellites (cloud amount, surface albedo and aerosols) and from polar orbiting satellites (ozone). Algorithm evaluation is done by comparison with ground-based observations made between January 1998 and December 2000 over eighteen stations of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s UV monitoring network. A good agreement between ground-based observations and satellite estimates is found with a mean bias (satellite - ground) of +3.5% for all-sky (cloudy + clear) cases. A negative mean bias of the same magnitude is found for clear-sky cases. Root mean square (RMS) differences are 25% and 14% for all-sky and clear-sky cases, respectively. Using simulations, it is shown that when only one observation near noontime is used to estimate UV dose, errors in the range of -61% to 48% can result, depending on cloud conditions. The RMS difference is 9% and it increases to 13% when off-noon hour (+/- 2 hrs) observations are used to estimate the UV flux over Queenstown, MD.
C1 [Gadhavi, H.] Natl Atmospher Res Lab, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
[Gadhavi, H.; Pinker, R. T.; Laszlo, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Laszlo, I.] NESDIS STAR, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Gadhavi, H (reprint author), Natl Atmospher Res Lab, POB 123,SV Univ Campus Post Off, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
EM harish.gadhavi@gmail.com
RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010;
OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Gadhavi, Harish/0000-0001-8935-1517
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [B2NS1GG]; Office
of Systems Development to the University of Maryland
FX The authors wish to thank all those involved with the USDA UV monitoring
network, in particular, James Slusser for generously providing data for
validation. This research was conducted within the Cooperative Institute
for Climate Studies, NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17EC1483 under grant
B2NS1GG from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
Office of Systems Development to the University of Maryland. NCEP
Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado,
USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/.
NR 50
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 7
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D21
AR D21205
DI 10.1029/2007JD009308
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 370UN
UT WOS:000260788700001
ER
PT J
AU Taichenachev, AV
Yudin, VI
Ovsiannikov, VD
Pal'chikov, VG
Oates, CW
AF Taichenachev, A. V.
Yudin, V. I.
Ovsiannikov, V. D.
Pal'chikov, V. G.
Oates, C. W.
TI Frequency Shifts in an Optical Lattice Clock Due to Magnetic-Dipole and
Electric-Quadrupole Transitions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We report a hitherto undiscovered frequency shift for forbidden J=0 -> J=0 clock transitions excited in atoms confined to an optical lattice. These shifts result from magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole transitions, which have a spatial dependence in an optical lattice that differs from that of the stronger electric-dipole transitions. In combination with the residual translational motion of atoms in an optical lattice, this spatial mismatch leads to a frequency shift via differential energy level spacing in the lattice wells for ground state and excited state atoms. We estimate that this effect could lead to fractional frequency shifts as large as 10(-16), which might prevent lattice-based optical clocks from reaching their predicted performance levels. Moreover, these effects could shift the magic wavelength in lattice clocks in three dimensions by as much as 100 MHz, depending on the lattice configuration.
C1 [Taichenachev, A. V.; Yudin, V. I.] RAS, Inst Laser Phys SB, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
[Ovsiannikov, V. D.] Voronezh State Univ, Dept Phys, Voronezh 394006, Russia.
[Pal'chikov, V. G.] Natl Res Inst Phys Tech & Radiotech Measurements, Inst Metrol Time & Space, Mendeleyevsk 141579, Moscow Region, Russia.
[Oates, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Taichenachev, A. V.; Yudin, V. I.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
[Taichenachev, A. V.; Yudin, V. I.] Novosibirsk State Tech Univ, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia.
RP Taichenachev, AV (reprint author), RAS, Inst Laser Phys SB, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
EM llf@laser.nsc.ru
RI Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015
OI Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066
FU RFBR [07-02-01230, 07-02-01028, 08-02-01108, 07-02-00279]; INTAS-SBRAS
[061000013-9427]; CRDF; MinES RF [ANNEX-BP2M10]
FX A. V. T. and V. I. Yu. were supported by RFBR(07-02-01230, 07-02-01028,
08-02-01108), INTAS-SBRAS (061000013-9427), and Presidium of SB RAS. V.
D. O. was supported by RFBR (07-02-00279), CRDF, and MinES RF
(ANNEX-BP2M10).
NR 10
TC 30
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U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 7
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 19
AR 193601
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.193601
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 370PZ
UT WOS:000260776300024
PM 19113267
ER
PT J
AU Teufel, JD
Harlow, JW
Regal, CA
Lehnert, KW
AF Teufel, J. D.
Harlow, J. W.
Regal, C. A.
Lehnert, K. W.
TI Dynamical Backaction of Microwave Fields on a Nanomechanical Oscillator
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATION-PRESSURE; BACK-ACTION; MICROMIRROR; CAVITY; INTERFEROMETER;
INSTABILITY; MOTION
AB We measure the response and thermal motion of a high-Q nanomechanical oscillator coupled to a superconducting microwave cavity in the resolved-sideband regime where the oscillator's resonance frequency exceeds the cavity's linewidth. The coupling between the microwave field and mechanical motion is strong enough for radiation pressure to overwhelm the intrinsic mechanical damping. This radiation-pressure damping cools the fundamental mechanical mode by a factor of 5 below the thermal equilibrium temperature in a dilution refrigerator to a phonon occupancy of 140 quanta.
C1 [Teufel, J. D.; Harlow, J. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Harlow, J. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Regal, C. A.] CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Teufel, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM john.teufel@colorado.edu
RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010
OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science
Foundation
FX The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) and from the National Science Foundation. We thank
M.A. Castellanos-Beltran and N.E. Flowers-Jacobs for discussions and
technical assistance.
NR 18
TC 118
Z9 122
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 7
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 19
AR 197203
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.197203
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 370PZ
UT WOS:000260776300058
PM 19113301
ER
PT J
AU Frappart, F
Papa, F
Famiglietti, JS
Prigent, C
Rossow, WB
Seyler, F
AF Frappart, Frederic
Papa, Fabrice
Famiglietti, James S.
Prigent, Catherine
Rossow, William B.
Seyler, Fredrique
TI Interannual variations of river water storage from a multiple satellite
approach: A case study for the Rio Negro River basin
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON BASIN; INUNDATION AREA; LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS;
SOIL-MOISTURE; RAINY-SEASON; FLOODPLAIN; GRACE; RADAR; VARIABILITY;
VEGETATION
AB Spatiotemporal variations of water volume over inundated areas located in a large river basin have been determined using combined observations from a multisatellite inundation data set, the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimetry satellite, and in situ hydrographic stations for the water levels over rivers and floodplains. We computed maps of monthly surface water volume change over the period of common availability of T/P and the multisatellite data (1993-2000). The basin of the Negro River, the largest tributary in terms of discharge to the Amazon River, was selected as a test site. A strong seasonal signal is observed with minima in October and maxima in June. A strong interannual component is also present, particularly important during ENSO years. The surface water change was estimated to be 167 +/- 39 km(3) between October 1995 (low water) and June 1996 (high water). This result is consistent with previous estimates obtained for the 1995-1996 hydrological cycle over the same area using the JERS mosaic data. The surface water volume change is then compared to the total water volume change inferred from the GRACE satellite for an average annual cycle. The difference between the surface storage change and the total storage change derived from GRACE was computed to estimate the contribution of the soil moisture and groundwater to the total storage change. Our study supports the hypothesis that total water storage is almost equally partitioned between surface water and the combination of soil moisture and groundwater for the Negro River basin. The water volume changes are also evaluated using in situ discharge measurements and the GPCP precipitation product (correlation of 0.61). The results show the high potential for the new technique to provide valuable information to improve our understanding of large river basin hydrologic processes.
C1 [Frappart, Frederic; Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Papa, Fabrice; Rossow, William B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Prigent, Catherine] Observ Paris, CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Seyler, Fredrique] IRD, SHIS, BR-71640245 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
RP Frappart, F (reprint author), LMTG, UMR5563, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
EM frederic.frappart@cesbio.cnes.fr
RI Frappart, Frederic/D-2950-2009; Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; SEYLER,
Frederique/D-5518-2011; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015;
OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; SEYLER,
Frederique/0000-0002-3609-7524; Frappart, Frederic/0000-0002-4661-8274
NR 64
TC 60
Z9 62
U1 3
U2 21
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 5
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D21
AR D21104
DI 10.1029/2007JD009438
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 370UL
UT WOS:000260788500002
ER
PT J
AU Randles, CA
Ramaswamy, V
AF Randles, C. A.
Ramaswamy, V.
TI Absorbing aerosols over Asia: A Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
general circulation model sensitivity study of model response to aerosol
optical depth and aerosol absorption
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; SEA THERMAL CONTRAST; SUMMER MONSOON; ACE-ASIA;
TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; CLIMATE;
CHINA; SURFACE
AB Forcing by absorbing atmospheric black carbon (BC) tends to heat the atmosphere, cool the surface, and reduce the surface latent and sensible heat fluxes. BC aerosol can have a large impact on regional climates and the hydrologic cycle. However, significant uncertainties remain concerning the increases in (1) the total amount of all aerosol species and (2) the amount of aerosol absorption that may have occurred over the 1950-1990 period. Focusing on south and east Asia, the sensitivity of a general circulation model's climate response (with prescribed sea surface temperatures and aerosol distributions) to such changes is investigated by considering a range of both aerosol absorption and aerosol extinction optical depth increases. We include direct and semidirect aerosol effects only. Precipitation changes are less sensitive to changes in aerosol absorption optical depth at lower aerosol loadings. At higher-extinction optical depths, low-level convergence and increases in vertical velocity overcome the stabilizing effects of absorbing aerosols and enhance the monsoonal circulation and precipitation in northwestern India. In contrast, the presence of increases in only scattering aerosols weakens the monsoonal circulation and inhibits precipitation here. Cloud amount changes can enhance or counteract surface solar flux reduction depending on the aerosol loading and absorption, with the changes also influencing the surface temperature and the surface energy balance. The results have implications for aerosol reduction strategies in the future that seek to mitigate air pollution concerns. At higher optical depths, if absorbing aerosol is present, reduction of scattering aerosol alone has a reduced effect on precipitation changes, implying that reductions in BC aerosols should be undertaken at the same time as reductions in sulfate aerosols.
C1 [Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Randles, C. A.; Ramaswamy, V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Randles, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-3,Bldg 33 Room 311,Mailstop 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM crandles@umbc.edu; V.Ramaswamy@noaa.gov
RI Randles, Cynthia/B-6972-2013
NR 67
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 5
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D21
AR D21203
DI 10.1029/2008JD010140
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 370UL
UT WOS:000260788500007
ER
PT J
AU Wu, H
Zhou, W
Yildirim, T
AF Wu, Hui
Zhou, Wei
Yildirim, Taner
TI Alkali and Alkaline-Earth Metal Amidoboranes: Structure, Crystal
Chemistry, and Hydrogen Storage Properties
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID AMMONIA-BORANE DEHYDROGENATION; N-H COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION;
NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; RELEASE; LITHIUM;
AMIDOTRIHYDROBORATE
AB Alkali- and alkaline-earth metal amicloboranes are a new class of compounds with rarely observed [NH2BH3](-) units. LiNH2BH3 and solvent-containing Ca(NH2BH3)(2).THF have been recently reported to significantly improve the dehydrogenation properties of ammonia borane. Therefore, metal amicloboranes, with accelerated desorption kinetics and suppressed toxic borazine, are of great interest for their potential applications for hydrogen storage. In this work, we successfully determined the structures of LiNH2BH3 and Ca(NH2BH3)(2) using a combined X-ray diffraction and first-principles molecular dynamics simulated annealing method. Through detailed structural analysis and first-principles electronic structure calculations the improved dehydrogenation properties are attributed to the different bonding nature and reactivity of the metal amicloboranes compared to NH3BH3.
C1 [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Wu, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM huiwu@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617;
FU DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46522]
FX This work was partially supported by the DOE through BES grant no.
DE-FG02-08ER46522 (T.Y.).
NR 36
TC 194
Z9 198
U1 4
U2 54
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD NOV 5
PY 2008
VL 130
IS 44
BP 14834
EP 14839
DI 10.1021/ja806243f
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 367DT
UT WOS:000260533400096
PM 18847204
ER
PT J
AU Liu, CY
Li, J
Weisz, E
Schmit, TJ
Ackerman, SA
Huang, HL
AF Liu, Chian-Yi
Li, Jun
Weisz, Elisabeth
Schmit, Timothy J.
Ackerman, Steven A.
Huang, Hung-Lung
TI Synergistic use of AIRS and MODIS radiance measurements for atmospheric
profiling
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD DETECTION; CLEAR-SKY; RETRIEVAL; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS
AB Retrieval of atmospheric profiles from combined radiance measurements of the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the NASA Aqua satellite is investigated. The collocated operational MODIS cloud mask product and the clear-sky InfraRed (IR) radiance measurements are used to characterize the AIRS sub-pixel cloud fraction and improve the atmospheric sounding and the surface parameters at the AIRS single field-of-view (SFOV) resolution. The synergistic algorithm employs an eigenvector based regression with additional information from MODIS measurements. The regression coefficients are derived from a global dataset containing atmospheric temperature, moisture, and ozone profiles. Evaluation of the retrieved profiles is performed by comparisons between AIRS soundings, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis fields and radiosonde observations from the Cloud And Radiation Testbed (CART) in Oklahoma. Spectral radiance calculations from the sounding retrievals agree with the observations from AIRS adjacent clear neighbor footprint quite well. These comparisons demonstrate the potential advantage of synergistic use of high-spectral sounder and high-spatial imager over either system alone. Citation: Liu, C.-Y., J. Li, E. Weisz, T. J. Schmit, S. A. Ackerman, and H.-L. Huang (2008), Synergistic use of AIRS and MODIS radiance measurements for atmospheric profiling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21802, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035859.
C1 [Liu, Chian-Yi; Ackerman, Steven A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Liu, Chian-Yi; Li, Jun; Weisz, Elisabeth; Ackerman, Steven A.; Huang, Hung-Lung] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Liu, CY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM cyliu@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Liu,
Chian-Yi/B-1898-2015; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015
OI Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Liu, Chian-Yi/0000-0003-1725-4405;
Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627
FU CIMSS; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R
program [NA06NES4400002]
FX This study is supported at CIMSS by National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) GOES-R program NA06NES4400002. The findings
contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be
constructed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or
decision.
NR 24
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 4
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 21
AR L21802
DI 10.1029/2008GL035859
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 370UP
UT WOS:000260788900004
ER
PT J
AU Hicke, JA
Slusser, J
Lantz, K
Pascual, FG
AF Hicke, Jeffrey A.
Slusser, James
Lantz, Kathleen
Pascual, F. G.
TI Trends and interannual variability in surface UVB radiation over 8 to 11
years observed across the United States
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAVIOLET MONITORING SPECTRORADIOMETERS; LONG-TERM VARIATIONS; B
RADIATION; IRRADIANCE; OZONE; TRANSMITTANCE; RADIOMETERS; BEHAVIOR;
SERIES; SITES
AB The United States Department of Agriculture UVB Monitoring and Research Program maintains a network of Yankee Environmental Systems surface UVB-1 meters distributed throughout the United States. We analyzed behavior of surface UVB radiation (280 320 nm) over 8 to 10 years measured at eight stations within this network that were selected because of their early deployment (ranging from 1995 to 1997). These eight stations represent different climates, latitudes, and land cover types. We characterized differences in instrument sensitivity and drift through a methodology that utilized regular laboratory calibrations of field instruments and calibration of standard meters to spectroradiometers. From 3-minute observations, we computed mean annual and mean monthly irradiances at each site to study trends and interannual variability in UVB irradiance. Annual irradiance changes ranged from -5% per decade to +2% per decade across the sites. Confidence intervals were computed with a statistical model that included autocorrelation and measurement uncertainty. Resulting 95% confidence intervals were large and included 0, partly as a result of the short time series. We calculated trends at each site for individual months (for January, February, etc.), which are important for assessing effects on human health, crops, and other organisms whose sensitivity to UVB exposure changes seasonally. Positive and negative monthly trends of different magnitudes were measured, although trends in most months at most sites were not statistically significant from 0. The largest absolute changes were generally in spring, summer, and fall, and large relative trends occurred in winter in most locations compared with other seasons. Interannual variability of surface UVB radiation was 2% to 5% of the mean. Our study illustrates that, using a well-calibrated instrument record, the 10 years beginning around 1995 did not show significant trends in surface UVB irradiance at stations across the United States. Our observed range of trends occurred during a period of generally increasing midlatitude column ozone, suggesting that changing cloud, aerosol, and snow conditions were responsible for driving surface radiation variability in addition to ozone trends.
C1 [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Lantz, Kathleen] Univ Colorado, Earth Syst Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Inst Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Pascual, F. G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Slusser, James] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Hicke, JA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM jhicke@uidaho.edu
RI Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013
FU USDA/CSREES [2003-34263-13509]; NSF-Idaho EPSCoR Program; National
Science Foundation [EPS-0447689]
FX We are very grateful to Dr. F. Jay Breidt, Colorado State University,
for assistance on the statistical analysis. We thank Becky Olson, Gwen
Scott, and the rest of the USDA UVB support staff for their assistance.
We wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their time and
thoughtful and thorough comments that improved the manuscript. This work
was funded by USDA/CSREES grant 2003-34263-13509 and the NSF-Idaho
EPSCoR Program and the National Science Foundation under award
EPS-0447689.
NR 42
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 4
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D21
AR D21302
DI 10.1029/2008JD009826
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 370UK
UT WOS:000260788400002
ER
PT J
AU Xie, CK
Budnick, JI
Hines, WA
Wells, BO
Woicik, JC
AF Xie, C. K.
Budnick, J. I.
Hines, W. A.
Wells, B. O.
Woicik, J. C.
TI Strain-induced change in local structure and its effect on the
ferromagnetic properties of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 thin films
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE bond angles; bond lengths; Curie temperature; EXAFS; exchange
interactions (electron); ferromagnetic materials; lanthanum compounds;
magnetic thin films; strontium compounds; X-ray diffraction
ID DOUBLE EXCHANGE; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES;
DIFFRACTION; DISTORTIONS; CRYSTALS
AB We have used high-resolution extended x-ray absorption fine-structure and diffraction techniques to measure the local structure of strained La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 films under compression and tension. The lattice mismatch strain in these compounds affects both the bond lengths and the bond angles, though the larger effect on the bandwidth is due to the bond-length changes. The popular double exchange model for ferromagnetism in these compounds provides a correct qualitative description of the changes in Curie temperature T-C, but quantitatively underestimates the changes. A microscopic model for ferromagnetism that provides a much stronger dependence on the structural distortions is needed.
C1 [Xie, C. K.; Budnick, J. I.; Hines, W. A.; Wells, B. O.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xie, CK (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM xie@phys.uconn.edu
RI Xie, Changkun/F-1544-2011
FU NSF [DMR-0239667]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials
Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences
FX This work is supported through NSF Contract No. DMR-0239667. Experiments
performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National
Laboratory are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of
Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences.
NR 28
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD NOV 3
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 18
AR 182507
DI 10.1063/1.3011031
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 370QQ
UT WOS:000260778100044
ER
PT J
AU Her, JH
Yousufuddin, M
Zhou, W
Jalisatgi, SS
Kulleck, JG
Zan, JA
Hwang, SJ
Bowman, RC
Udovic, TJ
AF Her, Jae-Hyuk
Yousufuddin, Muhammed
Zhou, Wei
Jalisatgi, Satish S.
Kulleck, James G.
Zan, Jason A.
Hwang, Son-Jong
Bowman, Robert C., Jr.
Udovic, Terrence J.
TI Crystal Structure of Li2B12H12: a Possible Intermediate Species in the
Decomposition of LiBH4
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING
AB The crystal structure of solvent-free Li2B12H12 has been determined by powder X-ray diffraction and confirmed by a combination of neutron vibrational spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. This compound is a possible intermediate in the dehydrogenation of LiBH4, and its structural characterization is crucial for understanding the decomposition and regeneration of LiBH4. Our results reveal that the structure of Li2B12H12 differs from other known alkali-metal (K, Rb, and Cs) derivatives.
C1 [Her, Jae-Hyuk; Yousufuddin, Muhammed; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Her, Jae-Hyuk; Yousufuddin, Muhammed; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Jalisatgi, Satish S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Radiol, Int Inst Nano & Mol Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Kulleck, James G.; Zan, Jason A.; Bowman, Robert C., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Hwang, Son-Jong] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Her, JH (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jhher@nist.gov
RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008;
OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Bowman, Robert/0000-0002-2114-1713
NR 13
TC 89
Z9 89
U1 3
U2 26
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD NOV 3
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 21
BP 9757
EP 9759
DI 10.1021/ic801345h
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 365RY
UT WOS:000260426700012
PM 18834192
ER
PT J
AU Belai, N
Frisch, M
Ilton, ES
Ravel, B
Cahill, CL
AF Belai, Nebebech
Frisch, Mark
Ilton, Eugene S.
Ravel, Bruce
Cahill, Christopher L.
TI Pentavalent Uranium Oxide via Reduction of [UO2](2+) Under Hydrothermal
Reaction Conditions
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION-FINE-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION;
COMPLEXES; URANYL; CHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; COORDINATION; OXIDATION;
COMPOUND
AB The synthesis, crystal structure, and spectroscopic characterization of [U-V(H2O)(2)((UO2)-O-VI)(2)O-4(OH)](H2O)(4) (1), a mixed-valent U-V/U-VI oxide material, are reported. The hydrothermal reaction of UO22+ with Zn and hydrazine at 120 degrees C for three days yields 1 in the form of a dark red crystalline solid. Compound 1 has been characterized by a combination of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The structure consists of an extended sheet of edge and corner shared U-VI pentagonal bipyramids that are further connected by edge sharing to square bipyramidal U-V units. The overall topology is similar to the mineral ianthinite. The uranium L-III-edge XAS revealed features consistent with those observed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. High resolution XPS data analysis of the U4f region confirmed the oxidation states of U as originally assigned from XRD analysis and bond valence summations.
C1 [Belai, Nebebech; Frisch, Mark; Cahill, Christopher L.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Ilton, Eugene S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Ravel, Bruce] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cahill, Christopher L.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
RP Cahill, CL (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, 725 21st St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
EM Cahill@gwu.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); GWU [DE-FG02-05ER15736]; The National
Science Foundation [DMR-0419754, DMR-0348982]; DOE; Office of Science;
Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Geosciences
Research Program; Office of Basic Energy Sciences
FX This work was supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE), under grant C, DE-FG02-05ER15736 at GWU and from The National
Science Foundation (DMR-0419754 and DMR-0348982). Use of the National
Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported
by the DOE, Office of Science. Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Research at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory was supported by the Geosciences Research Program, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, and DOE. We further acknowledge the allocation of
time and services in the SCIENTA ESCA laboratory of Lehigh University.
Professional and technical guidance of Dr. Alfred C. Miller is greatly
appreciated.
NR 60
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 3
U2 29
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD NOV 3
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 21
BP 10135
EP 10140
DI 10.1021/ic801534m
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 365RY
UT WOS:000260426700053
PM 18842038
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, XH
Berry, BC
Yager, KG
Kim, S
Jones, RL
Satija, S
Pickel, DL
Douglas, JF
Karim, A
AF Zhang, Xiaohua
Berry, Brian C.
Yager, Kevin G.
Kim, Sangcheol
Jones, Ronald L.
Satija, Sushil
Pickel, Deanna L.
Douglas, Jack F.
Karim, Alamgir
TI Surface Morphology Diagram for Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymer Thin
Films
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE block copolymer films; surface morphology diagram; residual solvent
ID POLYMER-FILMS; SOLVENT EVAPORATION; ARRAYS; ORIENTATION; SCATTERING;
GROWTH; DOMAIN
AB We investigate the effect of the ordering temperature (T) and film thickness (h(f)) on the surface Morphology of flow-coated block copolymer (BCP) films of asymmetric poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate). Morphology transitions observed on the ordered film surface by atomic force microscopy (AFM) are associated with a perpendicular to a parallel cylinder BCP microphase orientation transition with respect to the substrate with increasing h(f). "Hybrid" surface patterns for intermediate h, between these limiting morphologies are correspondingly interpreted by a coexistence of these two BCP microphase orientations so that two "transitional" h(f) exist for each T. This explanation of our surface patterns is supported by both neutron reflectivity and rotational SANS measurements. The transitional h(f) values as a function of T define upper and lower surface morphology transition lines, h(fu) (T) and h(fl) (T) respectively, and a surface morphology diagram that should be useful in materials fabrication. Surprisingly, the BCP film surface morphology depends on the method of film formation (flow-coated versus spun-cast films) so that nonequilibrium effects are evidently operative. This morphological variability is attributed primarily to the trapping of residual solvent (toluene) within the film (quantified by neutron reflectivity) due to film vitrification while drying. This effect has significant implications for controlling film structure in nanomanufacturing applications based on BCP templates.
C1 [Zhang, Xiaohua; Berry, Brian C.; Yager, Kevin G.; Kim, Sangcheol; Jones, Ronald L.; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pickel, Deanna L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jack.douglas@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov
RI Pickel, Deanna/E-4778-2010; Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011
OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513
FU NIST-National Research Council Fellowship; National Institute of
Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; Scientific User
Facilities Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of
Energy
FX B. C. Berry acknowledges the support of a NIST-National Research Council
Fellowship. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the
neutron research facilities used in this work. A portion of this
research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase
Materials Sciences (CNMS) was sponsored by the Scientific User
Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy. We also thank David Uhrig at CNMS for help with the synthesis of
the deuterated block-copolymers.
NR 37
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 5
U2 43
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 2
IS 11
BP 2331
EP 2341
DI 10.1021/nn800643x
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 376QZ
UT WOS:000261199400020
PM 19206400
ER
PT J
AU Kumar, SV
Reichle, RH
Peters-Lidard, CD
Koster, RD
Zhan, XW
Crow, WT
Eylander, JB
Houser, PR
AF Kumar, Sujay V.
Reichle, Rolf H.
Peters-Lidard, Christa D.
Koster, Randal D.
Zhan, Xiwu
Crow, Wade T.
Eylander, John B.
Houser, Paul R.
TI A land surface data assimilation framework using the land information
system: Description and applications
SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Land surface modeling; Data assimilation; Remote sensing; Hydrology;
Soil moisture; Snow
ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; CATCHMENT-BASED APPROACH; SOIL-MOISTURE;
SNOW-COVER; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; IMPACT; BIAS
AB The Land Information System (LIS) is an established land surface modeling framework that integrates various community land surface models, ground measurements, satellite-based observations, high performance computing and data management tools. The use of advanced software engineering principles in LIS allows interoperability of individual system components and thus enables assessment and prediction of hydrologic conditions at various spatial and temporal scales. In this work, we describe a sequential data assimilation extension of LIS that incorporates multiple observational sources, land surface models and assimilation algorithms. These capabilities are demonstrated here in a suite of experiments that use the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and assimilation through direct insertion. In a soil moisture experiment, we discuss the impact of differences in modeling approaches on assimilation performance. Provided careful choice of model error parameters, we find that two entirely different hydrological modeling approaches offer comparable assimilation results. In a snow assimilation experiment, we investigate the relative merits of assimilating different types of observations (snow cover area and snow water equivalent). The experiments show that data assimilation enhancements in LIS are uniquely suited to compare the assimilation of various data types into different land surface models within a single framework. The high performance infrastructure provides adequate support for efficient data assimilation integrations of high computational granularity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kumar, Sujay V.; Reichle, Rolf H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Kumar, Sujay V.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Reichle, Rolf H.; Koster, Randal D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Zhan, Xiwu] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Crow, Wade T.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Res Environm & Water, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Kumar, SV (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
EM Sujay.V.Kumar@nasa.gov
RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Koster,
Randal/F-5881-2012; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015;
Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012
OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441;
Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876
FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA Energy and Water Cycle (NEWS)
program; NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) program; Joint Center for
Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA)
FX We gratefully acknowledge support of LIS data assimilation development
by the Air Force Weather Agency, internal investment from NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, the NASA Energy and Water Cycle (NEWS) program, the
NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) program, and a grant from the Joint
Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA), among others. We also
thank Dr. Sarith Mahanama and James V. Geiger for their help in the
implementation of Catchment land surface model in LIS and Dr. Jiarui
Dong for helpful discussions.
NR 44
TC 71
Z9 75
U1 1
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0309-1708
EI 1872-9657
J9 ADV WATER RESOUR
JI Adv. Water Resour.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 31
IS 11
SI SI
BP 1419
EP 1432
DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.01.013
PG 14
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 383BR
UT WOS:000261649600002
ER
PT J
AU Meyer, ER
Bohn, JL
AF Meyer, Edmund R.
Bohn, John L.
TI Influence of a humidor on the aerodynamics of baseballs
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAJECTORIES; FLY; BAT
AB We investigate whether storing baseballs in a controlled humidity environment significantly affects their aerodynamic properties. We measure the change in diameter and weight of baseballs as a function of relative humidity in which the balls are stored. The trajectories of pitched and batted baseballs are modeled to assess the difference between those stored at 30% relative humidity versus 50% relative humidity. We find that a drier baseball will curve slightly more than a humidified one for a given pitch velocity and rotation rate. We also find that aerodynamics alone would add 2 ft to the distance a wetter baseball ball is hit. This increased distance is compensated by a 6 ft reduction in the batted distance due to the change in the coefficient of restitution of the ball. We discuss consequences of these results for baseball played at Coors Field in Denver, where baseballs have been stored in a humidor at 50% relative humidity since 2002. (c) 2008 American Association of Physics Teachers.
C1 [Meyer, Edmund R.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Meyer, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM meyere@murphy.colorado.edu
FU NSF [0604273]
FX This work was supported by NSF Grant No. 0604273. We thank Diana and Bob
Meyer for providing the initial sample of baseballs, and David
Alchenberger and Debbie Jin for technical assistance.
NR 19
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0002-9505
J9 AM J PHYS
JI Am. J. Phys.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 76
IS 11
BP 1015
EP 1021
DI 10.1119/1.2955796
PG 7
WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Physics
GA 359KF
UT WOS:000259984900008
ER
PT J
AU Molloy, JL
Sieber, JR
AF Molloy, John L.
Sieber, John R.
TI Classification of microheterogeneity in solid samples using mu XRF
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 41st Annual Meeting of the German-Society-for-Mass-Spectrometry
CY MAR 02-05, 2008
CL Giessen, GERMANY
SP German Soc Mass Spectrometry
DE mu XRF; Microheterogeneity; PCA; Reference materials; Elemental analysis
ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; HOMOGENEITY
AB Micro X-ray fluorescence (mu XRF) has been used nondestructively to investigate elemental heterogeneity by constructing two-dimensional maps of elemental concentrations in reference materials. mu XRF probes sample sizes well below the 100 mg mass usually recommended for reference materials by NIST. Multivariate methods of analysis, such as principal-component analysis (PCA), show promise in identifying whether "nugget" effects exist within a material, where an element is enriched in small, isolated areas of the sample. The PCA model is built based on data taken in one location and compared with each elemental map. This methodology is shown for several reference materials including SRM 2702 and SRM 2703 to show how PCA treatment can be used to identify which elements exhibit nugget effects within the sub-mg mass range. A method of calculating the minimum recommended mass for solid samples is suggested using PCA iteratively on X-ray maps from which adjacent data points have been averaged. This is repeated until the mass sampled in a map is indistinguishable from data taken at a single location, suggesting no nugget effects can be detected. For SRM 1577c, a mass as low as 370 mu g can be used without measurable nugget effects.
C1 [Molloy, John L.; Sieber, John R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Molloy, JL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.molloy@nist.gov
NR 21
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 392
IS 5
BP 995
EP 1001
DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2324-1
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 362SV
UT WOS:000260218300026
PM 18751686
ER
PT J
AU Seely, JF
Holland, GE
Hudson, LT
Henins, A
AF Seely, John F.
Holland, Glenn E.
Hudson, Lawrence T.
Henins, Albert
TI X-ray modulation transfer functions of photostimulable phosphor image
plates and scanners
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st North American Symposium, on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
CY OCT 08-10, 2007
CL New Orleans, LA
SP Mississippi State Univ
ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; TRANSMISSION; SYSTEMS; LASER
AB The modulation transfer functions of two types of photostimulable phosphor image plat were determined in the 10 keV to 50 keV x-ray energy range using a resolution test pattern with up to 10 line pairs per mm (LP/mm) and a wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Techniques were developed for correcting For the partial transmittance of the high energy x-rays through the lead bars of the resolution test pattern, and the modulation transfer function (MTF) was determined from the measured change in contrast with LP/mm values. The MTF was convolved with the slit function of the image plate scanner, and the resulting point spread functions (PSFs) were in good agreement with the observed shapes and widths of x-ray spectral lines and with the PSF derived from edge spread functions. The shapes and the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values of the PSF curves of the Fuji Superior Resolution (SR) and Fuji Maximum Sensitivity (MS) image plate detectors, consisting of the image plate and the scanner, determined by the three methods gave consistent results: The SR PSF is Gaussian with 0.13 mm FWHM, and the MS PSF is Lorentzian with 0.19 mm FWHM. These techniques result in the accurate determination of the spatial resolution achievable using image plate and scanner combinations and enable the optimization of spatial resolution for x-ray spectroscopy and radiography (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
C1 [Seely, John F.] USA, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Holland, Glenn E.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA.
[Hudson, Lawrence T.; Henins, Albert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil
NR 14
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD NOV 1
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 31
BP 5753
EP 5761
DI 10.1364/AO.47.005753
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 374AD
UT WOS:000261013700027
PM 19122716
ER
PT J
AU Shakhashiro, A
Sansone, U
Arnold, D
Dryak, P
La Rosa, JJ
Jerome, SM
Makarewicz, M
Mentcheva, J
Sato, K
Tarjan, S
AF Shakhashiro, A.
Sansone, U.
Arnold, D.
Dryak, P.
La Rosa, Jerome J.
Jerome, S. M.
Makarewicz, M.
Mentcheva, J.
Sato, K.
Tarjan, S.
TI The new IAEA-372 grass-certified reference material for K-40 and Cs-137
SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Environmental Radioactivity - From
Measurements and Assessments to Regulation
CY APR 23-27, 2007
CL Vienna, AUSTRIA
SP IAEA, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, Dept Nucl Safety & Secur
DE reference material; grass; Cs-137; K-40
AB A new grass-certified reference material characterized for Cs-137 and K-40 has been issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Characterization of this material was conducted by a group of national metrological institutes and expert laboratories. The paper describes the process for assigning the certified reference value to the material. (C) 2008 IAEA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shakhashiro, A.; Sansone, U.; Makarewicz, M.] IAEA, Agcy Labs Seibersdorf, Seibersdorf, Austria.
[Arnold, D.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Dryak, P.] Czech Metrol Inst, Prague, Czech Republic.
[La Rosa, Jerome J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jerome, S. M.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
[Mentcheva, J.] Natl Ctr Metrol, Sofia, Bulgaria.
[Sato, K.] Japan Chem Anal Ctr, Chiba, Japan.
[Tarjan, S.] Hungarian Agr Author, Budapest, Hungary.
RP Shakhashiro, A (reprint author), IAEA, Agcy Labs Seibersdorf, Seibersdorf, Austria.
EM a.shakhashiro@iaea.org
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-8043
J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES
JI Appl. Radiat. Isot.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 66
IS 11
BP 1718
EP 1721
DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.11.026
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology,
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 357GK
UT WOS:000259834100041
PM 18502138
ER
PT J
AU Schultz, ZD
Stranick, SJ
Levin, IW
AF Schultz, Zachary D.
Stranick, Stephan J.
Levin, Ira W.
TI Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging: An Apical Illumination
Geometry
SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; TERS; Raman spectroscopy; Near field;
Microscopy; Imaging; Vibrational spectroscopy; Radial polarization
ID FIELD; MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; SCATTERING; NANOSCALE; AU(111); PROBES;
BEAMS
AB Results are presented illustrating the use of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and imaging in a top-illumination geometry. A radially polarized beam is used to generate an electric field component in the direction of beam propagation, normal to the surface, resulting in a 5X increased enhancement compared to a linearly polarized beam. This multiplicative enhancement facilitates a discrimination of tile near-field signal from the far-field Raman background. The top illumination configuration facilitates the application of TERS for investigating molecules on a variety of surfaces, such as All, glass, and Si. The near-field Raman spectra of Si(100), rhodamine B, brilliant cresyl blue, and single wall carbon nanotubes are presented. Sufficient enhancement is obtained to permit a sub-diffraction-limited resolution Raman imaging of the surface distribution of large bundles of carbon nanotubes of various diameters.
C1 [Schultz, Zachary D.; Levin, Ira W.] NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Stranick, Stephan J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Levin, IW (reprint author), NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM iwl@helix.nih.gov
RI Schultz, Zachary/L-5724-2013
OI Schultz, Zachary/0000-0003-1741-8801
FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases;
National Institutes of Health
FX We acknowledge support from the intramural program of the National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National
Institutes of Health.
NR 28
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 20
PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
PI FREDERICK
PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA
SN 0003-7028
J9 APPL SPECTROSC
JI Appl. Spectrosc.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 62
IS 11
BP 1173
EP 1179
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
GA 376QO
UT WOS:000261198300003
PM 19007457
ER
PT J
AU Sol, SY
Johnson, LL
Boyd, D
Olson, OP
Lomax, DP
Collier, TK
AF Sol, Sean Y.
Johnson, Lyndal L.
Boyd, Daryle
Olson, O. Paul
Lomax, Dan P.
Collier, Tracy K.
TI Relationships between anthropogenic chemical contaminant exposure and
associated changes in reproductive parameters in male English sole
(Parophrys vetulus) collected from Hylebos Waterway, Puget Sound,
Washington
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH;
AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; WINTER FLOUNDER;
HEPATIC-LESIONS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PACIFIC COAST
AB Effects of chemical contaminant exposure on gonadal development in adult male English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Hylebos Waterway and Colvos Passage, Puget Sound, Washington were investigated. Hylebos Waterway sediment is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorines (OCs), and Colvos Passage, a nearby nonurban area, is minimally contaminated. Fish from Hylebos Waterway had higher concentrations of both PAHs and OCs in tissues than fish from Colvos Passage. Overall, little correlation was observed between PAH exposure and biological parameters, but strong correlations were observed between OCs and the biological parameters. Migration of fish from less contaminated areas into the Hylebos Waterway during the reproductive season might have influenced these results, based on temporal changes in fish age and contaminant concentrations.
C1 [Sol, Sean Y.; Johnson, Lyndal L.; Boyd, Daryle; Olson, O. Paul; Lomax, Dan P.; Collier, Tracy K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Sol, SY (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM sean.sol@noaa.gov
NR 67
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
EI 1432-0703
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 55
IS 4
BP 627
EP 638
DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9140-7
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 354ZR
UT WOS:000259678900010
PM 18274819
ER
PT J
AU Robertson, JW
Howell, SB
Honeycutt, RK
Kafka, S
Campbell, T
AF Robertson, Jeff W.
Howell, Steve B.
Honeycutt, R. K.
Kafka, S.
Campbell, T.
TI ORBIT-RESOLVED PHOTOMETRY AND ECHELLE SPECTROSCOPY OF THE CATACLYSMIC
VARIABLE ST LMi DURING A 2007 HIGH STATE
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE binaries: close; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars: individual (ST
LMi)
ID DOPPLER TOMOGRAPHY; ACCRETION; POLARIMETRY; AM; EVOLUTION; POLAR
AB We present high-resolution echelle spectra and contemporaneous photometry of the polar ST LMi during a high state in 2007 March. Emission lines at H alpha, He I lambda 5876, and He I lambda 7065 show similar line profiles over orbital phase and have narrow and broad components. These profile changes with phase are very similar to those reported in earlier high-state studies of ST LMi. The radial velocity curves from double Gaussian fits to the line profiles are interpreted as two crossing curves, neither of which is coincident with the orbital motion of the secondary star. We attribute one component to infall motions near the white dwarf and the other to a gas streaming along magnetic field lines connecting the two stars.
C1 [Robertson, Jeff W.] Arkansas Tech Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Russellville, AR 72801 USA.
[Howell, Steve B.] NOAA, Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Honeycutt, R. K.] Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Kafka, S.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Campbell, T.] Whispering Pines Observ, Harrison, AR 72601 USA.
RP Robertson, JW (reprint author), Arkansas Tech Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Russellville, AR 72801 USA.
EM jrobertson@atu.edu; howell@noao.edu; honey@astro.indiana.edu;
stella@caltech.edu; jmontecamp@yahoo.com
NR 26
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 5
BP 1857
EP 1865
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/1857
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 361MT
UT WOS:000260132500011
ER
PT J
AU Lefohn, AS
Shadwick, D
Oltmans, SJ
AF Lefohn, Allen S.
Shadwick, Douglas
Oltmans, Samuel J.
TI Characterizing long-term changes in surface ozone levels in the United
States (1980-2005)
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Monthly time trends; Surface ozone trends; Tropospheric ozone
ID PRECURSOR REDUCTIONS; EXPOSURE; VEGETATION; INDEXES
AB Using statistical trending on a site-by-site basis of the (1) health-based annual 2nd highest 1-h average concentration and annual 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average concentration and (2) vegetation-based annual seasonally corrected 24-h W126 cumulative exposure index, we have investigated temporal and spatial statistically significant changes that occurred in surface O-3 in the United States for the periods 1980-2005 and 1990-2005 and explored whether differences in trending occur depending upon the selection of the exposure metric. Using the trending results, the analyses quantitatively explore the evidence for the higher hourly average O-3 concentrations decreasing faster than the mid- and lower-values. Most of the monitoring sites analyzed in our study experienced decreasing or no trends. Few monitoring sites experienced increasing trends. For those monitoring sites with declining O-3 levels, an initial pattern of rapid decrease in the higher hourly average concentrations, followed by a much slower decrease in mid-level concentrations was observed. In some cases, we observed shifts from the lower hourly average O-3 concentrations to the mid-level values. On a site-by-site basis, the majority of monitoring sites (1) changed from negative trend to no trend, (2) continued a negative trend, or (3) remained in the no trend status, when comparing trends for the 1980-2005 to the 1990-2005 time periods. For all three exposure metrics, approximately 60% of the monitoring sites shifted from negative trending to no trending status. It appeared that all regions of the United States were equally affected by the shift in status, The greatest statistically significant decreases in the 2nd highest 1-h average concentrations and the annual 4th highest daily maximum 8-h average concentration for the two temporal periods occurred in southern California. Monitoring sites in other portions of the United States experienced lesser decreases than this geographic area. In contrast to the two exposure indices, the vegetation-based 24-h W126 03 cumulative index for 1980-2005 experienced significant declines in the midwestern states and the northeastern United States as well as in southern California. For the 1990-2005 period, monitoring sites in southern California and the northeastern United States experienced the greatest decreases in the W126 exposure metric. Testing for statistically significant changes in the number of hourly average concentrations within specified concentration intervals identified specific months that experienced shifts in the distribution of the hourly average concentrations. We observed that a statistically significant trend at a specific monitoring site, using one exposure index, did not necessarily result in a similar trend using the other two indices. Because different trending patterns were observed when applying the various exposure indices, a careful selection of O-3 exposure metrics is required when assessing trends for specific purposes, such as human health, vegetation, and climate change effects. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
[Oltmans, Samuel J.] Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lefohn, AS (reprint author), ASL & Associates, 302 N Last Chance Gulch,Suite 410, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
EM alefohn@asl-associates.com; dougshadwick@nc.rr.com;
samuel.j.oltmans@noaa.gov
NR 18
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Z9 20
U1 0
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 35
BP 8252
EP 8262
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.060
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 378DK
UT WOS:000261301200014
ER
PT J
AU Boy, M
Kazil, J
Lovejoy, ER
Guenther, A
Kulmala, M
AF Boy, M.
Kazil, J.
Lovejoy, E. R.
Guenther, A.
Kulmala, M.
TI Relevance of ion-induced nucleation of sulfuric acid and water in the
lower troposphere over the boreal forest at northern latitudes
SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Ion-induced nucleaton of sulfuric acid and water; Tropospheric aerosol;
New particle formation
ID AEROSOL FORMATION; PARTICLE; GROWTH; THERMODYNAMICS; RATES; MODEL
AB The relevance of ion-induced nucleation of sulfuric acid and water (IINSW) in the troposphere over the boreal forest at northern latitudes is investigated by combining two existing and previously published models (MALTE - model to predict new aerosol formation in the lower troposphere; PARNUC - a parameterized steady-state model of neutral and ion-induced nucleation of sulfuric acid and water for atmospheric conditions). Simulations were performed for 4 days with observed new particle formation at ground level by using input data from the SMEAR H station in Hyytiala, Finland. The selected days were chosen to cover a wide range of values of the parameters most relevant for IINSW. The results showed that ion-induced nucleation of sulfuric acid and water can contribute up to 15% to the total amount of newly formed particles in the size range of 3-10 nm inside the mixed layer at the Hyytiala site. The importance of IINSW seemed to increase in the free troposphere above the boundary layer, however, lack of measurements in the vertical structure of the input parameters suggest that the model results are burdened with high uncertainties. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Boy, M.; Kulmala, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lovejoy, E. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Guenther, A.] NCAR, ACD, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Boy, M (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
EM Michael.boy@helsinki.fi
RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Boy,
Michael/C-2920-2015; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016
OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Boy,
Michael/0000-0002-8107-4524; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825
NR 22
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0169-8095
J9 ATMOS RES
JI Atmos. Res.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 90
IS 2-4
BP 151
EP 158
DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.01.002
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 386AQ
UT WOS:000261855100006
ER
PT J
AU Patrick, WS
Damon-Randall, K
AF Patrick, Wesley S.
Damon-Randall, Kimberly
TI Using a five-factored structured decision analysis to evaluate the
extinction risk of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus)
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Decision aiding tool; Endangered species act; Status review;
Semi-quantitative analysis
ID DELPHI METHOD; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT
AB In 2005, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service initiated a status review of Atlantic sturgeon to determine if the species warranted a threatened or endangered listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The Atlantic sturgeon status review team intended to rely on previously used methods to assess extinction risk, but found that most quantitative extinction risk analyses were performed on data-rich populations and often did not systematically consider the five factors specified in Section 4(a)(1) of the ESA as required for listing a species. Taking cues from structured decision analysis theory, the team created a framework, based around the five factors, which can be used to evaluate the status of data-poor species. Potential scoring biases were minimized in this analysis by providing experts with standardized reference points for scoring, dividing the analysis into smaller units, and using both individual and group opinion. Using this five-factored structured decision analysis, the status review team recommended that three of the five distinct population segments warranted listing as threatened. The status review team offers their approach to increase transparency about their scientific recommendation and to aid other teams who are tasked with systematically evaluating the status of data-poor species. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.; Damon-Randall, Kimberly] NOAA Fisheries, NE Reg Off, Protected Resources Div, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA.
RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Domest Fisheries Div F SF3, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Wesley.Patrick@noaa.gov; Kimberly.Damon-Randall@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service; Northeast Regional Office
FX We would like to thank NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service,
Northeast Regional Office, Division of Protected Resources for their
financial support and the Atlantic sturgeon status review team members
who contributed to development of this extinction risk analysis. We also
acknowledge the internal reviewers who provided helpful editorial
comments including D. Bean, K. Collins, D. Hartley, J. Mohler, and J.
Pruden, as well as the two anonymous manuscript reviewers. We are
especially grateful to C. Patrick for her help with editing and
invaluable suggestions for clarifying the content and structure of this
article. The views expressed in this article are the authors' own and do
not necessarily represent the views of NMFS.
NR 29
TC 6
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U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 141
IS 11
BP 2906
EP 2911
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.014
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 372YW
UT WOS:000260939200022
ER
PT J
AU Xu, HHK
Moreau, JL
Sun, LM
Chow, LC
AF Xu, Hockin H. K.
Moreau, Jennifer L.
Sun, Limin
Chow, Laurence C.
TI Strength and fluoride release characteristics of a calcium fluoride
based dental nanocomposite
SO BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Dental nanocomposite; CaF2 nanoparticles; Fluoride release; Stress
bearing; Tooth caries
ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT; RESIN COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; WHISKER COMPOSITES; FILLED RESINS; PO4 RELEASE;
CARIES; SHRINKAGE; COMPOMER
AB Secondary caries and restoration fracture remain the two most common problems in restorative dentistry. Release of fluoride ions (F) could be a substantial benefit because F could enrich neighboring enamel or dentin to combat caries. The objective of this study was to incorporate novel CaF2 nanoparticles into dental resin to develop stress-bearing, F-releasing nanocomposite. CaF2 nanoparticles, prepared in our laboratories for the first time, were combined with reinforcing whisker fillers in a resin. Flexural strength (mean +/- sd; n = 6) was 110 +/- 1 MPa for the composite containing 30% CaF2 and 35% whiskers by mass. It matched the 108 +/- 19 MPa of a stress-bearing, non-releasing commercial composite (Tukey's at 0.05). The composite containing 20% CaF2 had a cumulative F release of 2.34 +/- 0.26 mmol/L at 10 weeks. The initial F release rate was 2 mu g/(h cm(2)), and the sustained release rate after 10 weeks was 0.29 mu g/(h cm(2)). These values exceeded the reported releases of traditional and resin-modified glass ionomer materials. In summary, nanocomposites were developed with relatively high strength as well as sustained release of fluoride ions, a combination not available in current materials. These strong and F-releasing composites may yield restorations that can reduce the occurrence of both secondary caries and restoration fracture. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Hockin H. K.; Moreau, Jennifer L.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Sun, Limin] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
EM hxu@umaryland.edu
FU NIH R01 [DE17974, DE16416]; Maryland Nano-Biotechnology; University of
Maryland Dental School; NIST; ADAF
FX We thank Dr. Michael D. Weir for experimental help and Dr. J.M.
Antonucci for discussions. Thanks are also due to Esstech (Essington,
PA) for providing the resin monomers, to Mr. Max Peltz and Dr. Chiara
Ferraris at the Materials and Construction Research Division of NIST for
help with the BET measurement, and to Dr. Bernard Hockey of the Ceramics
Division for help with the TEM. This study was supported by NIH R01
grants DE17974 (HX) and DE16416 (LC), Maryland Nano-Biotechnology Award
(HX), University of Maryland Dental School, NIST, and the ADAF.
NR 48
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U1 5
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9612
J9 BIOMATERIALS
JI Biomaterials
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 32
BP 4261
EP 4267
DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.037
PG 7
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 360TC
UT WOS:000260079700001
PM 18708252
ER
PT J
AU Ramprakash, J
Lang, B
Schwarz, FP
AF Ramprakash, Jayanthi
Lang, Brian
Schwarz, Frederick P.
TI Thermodynamics of single strand DNA base stacking
SO BIOPOLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
DE differential scanning calorimetry; single strand DNA; stacking
transitions; thermodynamics; transition enthalpy; transition temperature
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DUPLEX FORMATION; PNA/DNA
AB The thermodynamics of the stacking to unstacking transitions of 24 single-stranded DNA sequences (ssDNA), 10-12 bases in length, in sodium phosphate buffer were determined from 10 to 95 degrees C, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An additional 22 ssDNA sequences did not exhibit an S double left right arrow U transition in this temperature range. The transition properties of the ssDNA sequences with <= 60% self-complementarily in the reverse direction were independent of concentration with transition temperatures ranging from 15 to 70 degrees C, van't Hoff transition enthalpies from 92 to 201 kJ mol(-1) and transition enthalpies from 5 to 75% of the corresponding van't Hoff transition enthalpies. Since all the 16 doublets and 60 of the 64 triplets are present in both the transition and the non-transition ssDNA sequences, it is unlikely that the nucleation subset initiating stacking of the sequence is a specific doublet or triplet subset. Of the 141 quadruplet subsets of the 46 sequences, each transition ssDNA sequence contained at least one or more quadruplets not found in the non-transition ssDNA sequences. It could be concluded that the thermal stability of the stacked conformation was dependent on the presence of a possible nucleation quadruplet and the length of the ssDNA sequence and not on the G or C content of the ssDNA sequence, nor on the number of purine bases in the. sequence. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Ramprakash, Jayanthi; Lang, Brian; Schwarz, Frederick P.] NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Schwarz, FP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
EM fred@carb.nist.gov
NR 14
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 7
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0006-3525
J9 BIOPOLYMERS
JI Biopolymers
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 89
IS 11
BP 969
EP 979
DI 10.1002/bip.21044
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 351ZK
UT WOS:000259464600009
PM 18613070
ER
PT J
AU Schwarzschild, AC
Kenworthy, WJ
Zieman, JC
AF Schwarzschild, Arthur C.
Kenworthy, W. Judson
Zieman, Joseph C.
TI LEAF GROWTH OF THE SEAGRASS SYRINGODIUM FILIFORME IN OUTER FLORIDA BAY,
FLORIDA
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; SIMULATED
HERBIVORY; PRODUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS; KUTZ; BED; DEMOGRAPHY; KONIG
AB Leaf growth of the seagrass Syringodium filiforme (Kutz., 1860) was determined using a new technique based on the growth of emergent leaves (EL method) and compared to the more labor intensive repeated measurements (RM) and demographic allometric age reconstruction techniques (DA). All three techniques were used to compare leaf growth dynamics of plants with different morphologies at two sites, a shallow water (0.5 m) banktop and an adjacent deeper water (1.5 m) environment in outer Florida Bay, Florida. Leaf formation rates (Leaf Plastochrone Interval or PI) determined using the EL and RM methods were nearly identical, with means of 20 and 21 d leaf(-1) at both sites, significantly faster than the 30 d leaf(-1) calculated using the DA method. The EL method produced the highest estimate of leaf growth, 1.8 and 1.9 cm d(-1) at the 0.5 m and 1.5 m sites, respectively, followed by the RM method (1.3 and 1.3 cm d(-1)) and the DA method (1.0 and 1.1 cm d(-1)). None of the methods detected differences in leaf PI, leaf growth or leaf fragmentation rates between sites. However, leaves at the 1.5 m site typically retained intact leaf tips longer than those at the 0.5 m site, and total leaf lifespan was longer at the 1.5 m site. Based on these results and the amount of field and laboratory work required by each of the methods, the new EL method is the preferred technique for monitoring leaf growth in S. filiforme.
C1 [Schwarzschild, Arthur C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Anheuser Busch Coastal Res Ctr, Cheriton, VA 23316 USA.
[Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, Kenworthy Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res NCC, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Zieman, Joseph C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RP Schwarzschild, AC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Anheuser Busch Coastal Res Ctr, POB 55, Cheriton, VA 23316 USA.
EM arthur@virginia.edu
FU George Barley Scholars Program; Jones Environmental Research Fund
FX This work was supported by a fellowship from the George Barley Scholars
Program with additional support from the Jones Environmental Research
Fund administered through the University of Virginia, Department of
Environmental Sciences. Logistical field support was provided by the
Everglades National Park, Key Largo Office and the Keys Marine Lab.
Significant field assistance was provided by E. Bricker, T. Frankovich,
L. Reynolds, and B. Wolfe. Comments from several anonymous reviewers
helped to improve the quality of the manuscript.
NR 38
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U1 1
U2 8
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 83
IS 3
BP 571
EP 585
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 372IB
UT WOS:000260894200008
ER
PT J
AU Ballish, BA
Kumar, VK
AF Ballish, Bradley A.
Kumar, V. Krishna
TI SYSTEMATIC DIFFERENCES IN AIRCRAFT AND RADIOSONDE TEMPERATURES
Implications for NWP and Climate Studies
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT; BIAS CORRECTION; RECORDS;
WIND
AB Automated aircraft data are very important as input to numerical weather prediction (NWP) models because of their accuracy, large quantity, and extensive and different data coverage compared to radiosonde data. On average, aircraft mean temperature observation increments [MTOI; defined here as the observations minus the corresponding 6-h forecast (background)] are more positive (warmer) than radiosondes, especially around jet level. Temperatures from different model types of aircraft exhibit a large variance in MTOI that vary with both pressure and the phase of flight (POF), confirmed by collocation studies. This paper compares temperatures of aircraft and radiosondes by collocation and MTOI differences, along with discussing the pros and cons of each method, with neither providing an absolute truth.
Arguments are presented for estimating bias corrections of aircraft temperatures before input into NWP models based on the difference of their MTOI and that of radiosondes, which tends to cancel systematic errors in the background while using the radiosondes as truth. These corrections are just estimates because radiosonde temperatures have uncertainty and the NCEP background has systematic errors, in particular an MTOI of almost 2 degrees C at the tropopause that is attributable in part to vertical interpolation errors, which can be reduced by increasing model vertical resolution. The estimated temperature bias corrections are predominantly negative, of the order of 0.5 degrees-1.0 degrees C, with relatively small monthly changes, and often have vertically deep amplitudes.
This study raises important issues pertaining to the NWP, aviation, and climate communities. Further metadata from the aviation community, field experiments comparing temperature measurements, and input from other NWP centers are recommended for refining bias corrections.
C1 [Ballish, Bradley A.; Kumar, V. Krishna] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, NCO, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Kumar, V. Krishna] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Ballish, BA (reprint author), NCEP Cent Operat, Rm 307,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Bradley.Ballish@noaa.gov
RI Kumar, V. Krishna/N-9865-2016
OI Kumar, V. Krishna/0000-0002-4455-0843
NR 33
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U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 89
IS 11
BP 1689
EP +
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2332.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 381XA
UT WOS:000261568000009
ER
PT J
AU Douglas, MW
Murillo, J
AF Douglas, Michael W.
Murillo, Javier
TI THE PAN-AMERICAN CLIMATE STUDIES SOUNDING NETWORK
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL JET; DATA ASSIMILATION; PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT;
MONSOON; REGION; IMPACT
AB A research effort primarily involving pilot balloon observations was carried out during the summer of 1997 to study rainfall variability over Central America. This activity, supported by NOAA's Pan American Climate Studies (PACS) program, grew in scope in response to the strong El Nino event of 1997/98 and subsequently evolved into a network ranging from Mexico to Paraguay. The overall goal of the PACS-Sounding Network (PACS-SONET) was to obtain relatively inexpensive wind profiles for describing climate variability over parts of the intertropical Americas that were not well covered by routine radiosonde observations. Major portions of the project supported climate research programs focusing on both the South and North American monsoon systems, while other parts of the network provided multiyear observations across important gaps in the Central American cordillera and also helped to describe cross-equatorial flow variations in the eastern Pacific. Approximately 50,000 observations were made by the PACS-SONET over its 10-yr operation.
This paper describes the motivation for and evolution of the network, the logistical complications that were involved in establishing and operating a long-term multinational network, and some of the important results from analysis of the data. We conclude by discussing some of our perspectives on why the network was unable to make a transition from research funding to one supported by meteorological services of the region.
C1 [Douglas, Michael W.; Murillo, Javier] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Murillo, Javier] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Douglas, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM michael.douglas@noaa.gov
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 89
IS 11
BP 1709
EP +
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2521.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 381XA
UT WOS:000261568000010
ER
PT J
AU Pullen, J
Ching, J
Sailor, D
Thompson, W
Bornstein, B
Koracin, D
AF Pullen, Julie
Ching, Jason
Sailor, David
Thompson, William
Bornstein, Bob
Koracin, Darko
TI PROGRESS TOWARD MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF OUR COASTAL URBAN FUTURE
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Pullen, Julie; Thompson, William] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Ching, Jason] NOAA, ARL, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Sailor, David] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
[Bornstein, Bob] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Koracin, Darko] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA.
RP Pullen, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
EM julie.pullen@nrlmry.navy.mil
RI Sailor, David/E-6308-2014
OI Sailor, David/0000-0003-1720-8214
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 89
IS 11
BP 1727
EP 1731
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2560.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 381XA
UT WOS:000261568000011
ER
PT J
AU McClatchie, S
Goericke, R
Koslow, JA
Schwing, FB
Bograd, SJ
Charter, R
Lo, WWN
Hill, K
Gottschalck, J
L'Heureux, M
Xue, Y
Peterson, WT
Emmett, R
Collins, C
Gaxiola-Castro, G
Durazo, R
Kahru, M
Mitchell, BG
Hyrenbach, KD
Sydeman, WJ
Bradley, RW
Warzybok, P
Bjorkstedt, E
AF McClatchie, Sam
Goericke, Ralf
Koslow, J. Anthony
Schwing, Franklin B.
Bograd, Steven J.
Charter, Richard
Lo, William Watson Nancy
Hill, Kevin
Gottschalck, Jon
L'Heureux, Michelle
Xue, Yan
Peterson, William T.
Emmett, Robert
Collins, Curtis
Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto
Durazo, Reginaldo
Kahru, Mati
Mitchell, B. Greg
Hyrenbach, K. David
Sydeman, W. J.
Bradley, R. W.
Warzybok, P.
Bjorkstedt, Eric
TI THE STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT, 2007-2008: LA NINA CONDITIONS AND
THEIR EFFECTS ON THE ECOSYSTEM
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; CURRENT SYSTEM; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; MARINE
BIRDS; RECRUITMENT
AB The state of the California Current system (CCS) between Oregon and Baja California is summarized in this report, covering spring of 2007 to winter/spring 2008. The 2006-07 period began with moderate El Nino conditions which decayed rapidly in early 2007. By summer 2007, a moderate-to-strong La Nina had developed. The North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies displayed a negative pattern of Pacific Decadal Oscillation with below-normal SSTs in the California Current and Gulf of Alaska consistent with this pattern. The region experienced anomalously strong southward coastal winds, leading to positive anomalies of the West Coast upwelling index, in Strong contrast with 2005. The 2007 upwelling season also began early (in contrast to delayed onset in 2005 and 2006) and remained unseasonably strong through May. The cumulative upwelling for the 2007 season was greater than normal in the southern portion of the California Current system. Despite the La Nina conditions, nitrate and chlorophyll concentrations off Oregon were about average in 2007. On the other hand, copepod biomass rebounded strongly in 2006 after the exceptionally low biomass in 2005, and copepod species richness in 2006 was low, also indicating transport Of sub-arctic water into the northern California Current in 2006-07, which is relatively productive but low in diversity.
Anomalously high salinities at 200 in depth were also observed during CalCOFI and IMECOCAL cruises off Southern and Baja California. In the CalCOFI area, where there has been a general trend toward a deepening mixed layer, the mixed layer responded to this year's La Nina conditions by shoaling. Nitrate (but not silicate and phosphate) concentrations in the mixed layer were anomalously high, but chlorophyll concentrations were about average, except for spring 2007, which was one of the lowest values on record. Spring chlorophyll a concentrations are notably variable during La Ninas. In the northern California Current, forage fish and predatory fish abundance remained low in 2007. In the southern California Current, Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) larval abundance was relatively high and distributed in relation to the inner edge of the California Current and the edge of an eddy. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) larvae were relatively low in abundance, apparently related to a large downwelling feature. Reproductive success of all six seabirds monitored on Farallon Island was recovering slowly this year, following the previous two disastrous seasons. However, cluster analysis indicated that reproductive success is still relatively low. The cold-water planktivorous auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) continued to be found at high densities in Southern waters.
Overall, the transition in 2007 to La Nina conditions appeared to contribute to average to above average productivity in the California Current, but the physical, chemical, and biological (phytoplankton, zooplankton, Fish, and seabird) indices of productivity were far from consistent.
C1 [McClatchie, Sam; Charter, Richard; Lo, William Watson Nancy; Hill, Kevin] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Goericke, Ralf; Koslow, J. Anthony; Kahru, Mati; Mitchell, B. Greg] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Schwing, Franklin B.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Gottschalck, Jon; L'Heureux, Michelle; Xue, Yan] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Peterson, William T.; Emmett, Robert] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Collins, Curtis] USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto; Durazo, Reginaldo] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Div Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
[Hyrenbach, K. David] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
[Sydeman, W. J.] Ecosyst Res, Farallon Inst Adv, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Bradley, R. W.; Warzybok, P.] Point Rees Bird Observ Conservat Sci, Marine Ecol Div, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Bjorkstedt, Eric] Humboldt State Univ, NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA.
[Bjorkstedt, Eric] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA.
RP McClatchie, S (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM Sam.McClatchie@noaa.gov
RI L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013
OI L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0000733, OCE-0434810]; National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration; NOAA [NOAA/JIMO NA17RJ1231]; Humboldt
State University's RV Coral Sea; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Packard
Foundation; Resources Legacy Fund Foundation; Friends of the Farallones;
PPBO [1631]
FX This report would have been impossible without the dedicated work of the
ship crews and the technician groups that collected the data, often
under adverse conditions, and processed these ashore. NH-line CTD data
from both LTOP and PaCOOS programs was processed by Jane Fleischbein.
The GLOBEC LTOP program in the northern California Current is supported
by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0000733 and OCE-0434810). The
May, June, and November 2004 sampling of the NH-line sampling was
supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
CalCOFI cruises off southern (central) California were supported by NOAA
(NOAA/JIMO NA17RJ1231). We thank the NOAA and Scripps CalCOFI
technicians-Dave, Amy, Dimo, Dave, Kathryn Jennifer, Jim, and Robert-
and volunteers who collected data at sea and who processed the data
ashore. The IMECOCAL project thanks officials and crew of CICESE RV
Francisco de Ulloa, as well as students and technicians participating in
the surveys of 2007 and 2008. Special thanks to J. Garcia, J L. Cadena,
and M. de la Cruz. IMECOCAL surveys, were supported by SEP-CONACYT 23947
and SEMARNAT-47044 projects. M. dela Cruz was responsible for
chlorophyll a analysis. The work off northern California was supported
by Captain and crew of the Humboldt State University's RV Coral Sea and
numerous student volunteers who assisted with the data collection. The
PPBO studies on CC seabirds have been supported by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Packard Foundation, Resources Legacy Fund Foundation,
Friends of the Farallones, and PPBO. This is PPBO contribution no. 1631.
PRBO staff and volunteers collected the data on seabird reproductive
success at SEFI and seabird distribution and abundance at sea on
CalCOFI-CCE LTER cruises. Christine Abraham and Chris Rintoul managed
the seabird databases used in this report. We thank Andy Leasing and
Alec MacCall for their reviews of the manuscript.
NR 34
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 15
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 49
BP 39
EP 76
PG 38
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 535FS
UT WOS:000272953300003
ER
PT J
AU Vetter, R
Kohin, S
Preti, A
McClatchie, S
Dewar, H
AF Vetter, Russ
Kohin, Suzanne
Preti, Antonella
McClatchie, Sam
Dewar, Heidi
TI PREDATORY INTERACTIONS AND NICHE OVERLAP BETWEEN MAKO SHARK, ISURUS
OXYRINCHUS, AND JUMBO SQUID, DOSIDICUS GIGAS, IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; FEEDING-HABITS; SHORTFIN MAKO; KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS;
VERTICAL MOVEMENTS; THUNNUS-ALBACARES; LARVAL PRODUCTION; SKIPJACK TUNA;
PACIFIC-OCEAN; WATER-TUNNEL
AB Recent scientific and anecdotal observations have documented a range expansion of jumbo, squid, Dosidicus gigas, into the Southern California Bight (SCB) and northward in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. The increase in squid abundance at higher latitudes has generated hypotheses concerning, the ecosystem changes that may have permitted this expansion. Top-down explanations suggest that overharvest of higher trophic level species such as tunas and billfishes creates a trophic cascade that increases survivorship of jumbo squid. Bottom-up explanations suggest that changes in ocean climate, including temperature and hypoxia, may favor an expanded range for jumbo squid. Here we present information on: (1) predatory interactions between the mako shark and jumbo squid in the SCB, (2) vertical niche of mako sharks and potential for a hypoxic refuge for jumbo squid, and (3) changes in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and trends in epi- and mesopelagic prey. Make, sharks examined during the 2006 and 2007 NOAA Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Science Center juvenile Shark Longline Survey had a high incidence of scars inflicted by jumbo squid. Diet studies based on the California Drift Gillnet Fishery, 2002-07 indicate that jumbo squid accounted for a substantial portion of the mako diet. Bioenergetic calculations suggest that the average 1.8 kg mako taken in the fishery would need 56-113 kg of squid to meet its annual dietary requirements. The high-resolution diel activity records of two representative animals indicate makos remained near the surface at night and were able to exploit the water column from the surface to a maximum depth of 300 m during the day. The maximum depth of dives corresponded to oxygen concentrations as low as 1.25 ml/L. Previous studies indicate that jumbo squid inhabit a depth range from the surface to the upper bounds of the OMZ where oxygen concentration is 0.5 ml/L or less. Jumbo squid in the SCB may have a deepwater refuge from mako sharks below 1.25 ml O(2)/L, but are clearly available to mako during diet vertical migrations. Examination of the CalCOFI database for changes in oxygen content and larval fish counts over the previous 56 years indicates a shoaling of the OMZ and periodic changes in abundance of epi- and mesopelagic prey species, but did not reveal a simple relationship between oxygen, prey availability, and range expansion. Better estimates of squid and mako population size and mako removal rates are needed to fully understand the impact of mako sharks on jumbo squid abundance.
C1 [Vetter, Russ; Kohin, Suzanne; Preti, Antonella; McClatchie, Sam; Dewar, Heidi] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Vetter, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
NR 69
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 34
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 49
BP 142
EP 156
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 535FS
UT WOS:000272953300010
ER
PT J
AU Litz, MNC
Heppell, SS
Emmett, RL
Brodeur, RD
AF Litz, Marisa N. C.
Heppell, Selina S.
Emmett, Robert L.
Brodeur, Richard D.
TI ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE NORTHERN SUBPOPULATION OF NORTHERN
ANCHOVY (ENGRAULIS MORDAX) OFF THE US WEST COAST
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; CALIFORNIA CURRENT;
OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE;
PACIFIC SARDINE; MARINE SURVIVAL; OREGON; POPULATIONS
AB Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) are a dominant fish in the northern California Current and are important prey for many predators. However, little is known about how anchovy distribution and abundance are affected by oceanographic variability in the eastern Pacific Ocean. We examined the relationship between anchovy abundance and environmental variables at two spatial and temporal scales: mesoscale (surface temperature, salinity, density, chlorophyll a, distance from shore, and depth) and macroscale (Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index, Multivariate El Nino-Southern Oscillation Index, timing of the spring transition to upwelling conditions, and abundance of cold-water zooplankton). Anchovy densities increased significantly from 1999-2004, and decreased significantly from 2005-06 in conjunction with delayed coastal upwelling and decreases in the overall abundance of cold- water zooplankton. Sea surface temperatures and proximity to the shore explained most anchovy abundance and distribution variations. When lagged by one year, a northern copepod biomass anomaly strongly correlated to age-1 anchovy survival, suggesting that copepod abundance may determine year-class strength.
C1 [Litz, Marisa N. C.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97369 USA.
[Emmett, Robert L.; Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Litz, MNC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM litzm@onid.orst.edu
NR 36
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 7
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 49
BP 167
EP 182
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 535FS
UT WOS:000272953300012
ER
PT J
AU Preti, A
Kohin, S
Dewar, H
Ramon, D
AF Preti, Antonella
Kohin, Suzanne
Dewar, Heidi
Ramon, Darlene
TI FEEDING HABITS OF THE BIGEYE THRESHER SHARK (ALOPIAS SUPERCILIOSUS)
SAMPLED FROM THE CALIFORNIA-BASED DRIFT GILLNET FISHERY
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID STOMACH CONTENTS ANALYSIS; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS; PRIONACE-GLAUCA; JUMBO
SQUID; FOOD-HABITS; ACOUSTIC TRACKING; PACIFIC-OCEAN; BLUE SHARK;
CEPHALOPODA; MOVEMENTS
AB The diet of the bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus) was investigated by quantifying the stomach contents of sharks taken in the California-based drift gillnet fishery. Fishery observers collected stomachs of sharks ranging in size from 147 to 230 cm fork length during the 1998-99 and 2002-06 seasons in pelagic waters between the U.S.-Mexico border and Cape Mendocino, California. The frequency of prey items in stomachs by weight, number, and Occurrence was determined and used to calculate two indices of dietary preference: the geometric index of importance (GII) and index of relative importance (IRI). Of 26 stomachs examined, 23 contained food items representing 20 taxa, indicating a broad trophic spectrum. Overall, the two indices consistently ranked the relative importance of prey items. Of the 10 taxa of teleosts found in the diet, fish of the firmly barracudinas (Paralepididae) represented the most important prey item (GII = 52.8; %IRI = 45.98), followed by Pacific hake (Merluccius productus; GII = 38.4; %IRI = 24.23), Pacific saury (Cololabis saira; GII = 22.2; %IRI = 8.08), Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus; GII = 17.3; %IRI = 3.92), and northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax; GII = 16.0; %IRI = 3.93). Of the eight taxa of cephalopods, jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas; GII = 15.5; %IRI = 3.61) and Gonatus spp. squid (GII = 11.0; %IRI 0.63) were proportionately highest in ranking. The remaining two taxa were both crustaceans. Despite a sample size inadequate for characterizing the full breadth of the bigeye thresher diet, these data demonstrate that bigeye thresher sharks have a diverse diet and may feed opportunistically on locally and temporally available prey, including epipelagic, mesopelagic, epi-benthic, and deep-scattering-layer species. These data are consistent with fishery and electronic tracking data which demonstrate that the bigeye thresher shark is predominately a deep-water species, but spends time both within the deep-scattering and the mixed-surface layers.
C1 [Preti, Antonella; Kohin, Suzanne; Dewar, Heidi; Ramon, Darlene] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Preti, A (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM Antonella.Preti@noaa.gov
FU NMFS Southwest Region Fishery Observer Program
FX This work would not have been possible without the assistance and
samples provided by the NMFS Southwest Region Fishery Observer Program
and the participating, drift gillnet fishermen. The study was initiated
by Susan Smith who designed the sampling and analysis methods and helped
to identify prey specimens. Additional help in identifying prey was
provided by Mark Lowry, John Hyde, Russ Vetter,Kelly Robertson, Dave
Ambrose, and Sean Suk. Mike Musyl shared some of his preliminary results
from bigeye thresher satellite tracking studies. Chris Boggs and william
Walsh provided information on the catch of sharks in the Hawaii-based
longline fisheries. We also thank Russ Vetter, Kevin Hill, and two
anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments which greatly
improved the paper.
NR 60
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 11
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 49
BP 202
EP 211
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 535FS
UT WOS:000272953300015
ER
PT J
AU Laidig, TE
Sakuma, KM
Hyde, JR
Watson, W
Lawley, CT
AF Laidig, Thomas E.
Sakuma, Keith M.
Hyde, John R.
Watson, William
Lawley, Cynthia Taylor
TI IDENTIFICATION, DESCRIPTION, AND DAILY GROWTH OF PELAGIC LARVAL AND
JUVENILE SQUARESPOT ROCKFISH, SEBASTES HOPKINSI (FAMILY SEBASTIDAE)
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SCORPAENIDAE; JORDANI;
OREGON; DNA
AB Identifying pelagic larval and juvenile Sebastes spp. is important for biomass estimates and recruitment studies. However, only about 50% of Sebastes spp. can be unambiguously identified. hi this study, pelagic larval and juvenile squarespot rockfish (Sebastes hopkinsi) are described and a series of fish ranging from 3.5 mm notochord length to 52.3 mm standard length are illustrated. Species descriptions include pigmentation patterns, meristic characters, morphometric measurements, head spination, and otolith morphology. Species identification was confirmed using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. The growth rate for small larvae averaged 0.17 mm/day, while for late larvae and juveniles the average growth rate increased to 0.47 mm/day; both of these growth rates are typical for early life stages of Sebastes from California.
C1 [Laidig, Thomas E.; Sakuma, Keith M.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Hyde, John R.; Watson, William] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Lawley, Cynthia Taylor] Illumina Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA.
RP Laidig, TE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM tom.laidig@noaa.gov
NR 30
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 5
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 49
BP 212
EP 221
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 535FS
UT WOS:000272953300016
ER
PT J
AU Hannesson, R
Herrick, SF
AF Hannesson, Rognvaldur
Herrick, Samuel F.
TI CATCH STRATEGIES FOR THE PACIFIC SARDINE (SARDINOPS SAGAX)
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIFORNIA; MODELS
AB In this paper we develop a model of the long-term prospects for the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in which the surplus growth of the stock is influenced by random fluctuations. This can have an enduring effect partly through a serial correlation in the environmental disturbances, but also, and more importantly, because the effect of these random disturbances is related to the size of the stock itself. We use the model to generate fluctuations in the sardine stock to compare alternative fishing strategies: (i) constant escapement; (ii) constant exploitation rate; and (iii) a hybrid of the two. We find that strategy (i) results in greater catches per year and greater variability than (ii). The hybrid, (iii), results in greater catches and greater variability than (i). We conclude that the model supports the existing management of the U. S. Pacific sardine fishery.
C1 [Hannesson, Rognvaldur] Norwegian Sch Econ & Business Adm, NO-5045 Bergen, Norway.
[Herrick, Samuel F.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Hannesson, R (reprint author), Norwegian Sch Econ & Business Adm, Helleveien 30, NO-5045 Bergen, Norway.
EM rognvaldur.hannesson@nhh.no
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 49
BP 222
EP 231
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 535FS
UT WOS:000272953300017
ER
PT J
AU Gardner, B
Sullivan, PJ
Morreale, SJ
Epperly, SP
AF Gardner, Beth
Sullivan, Patrick J.
Morreale, Stephen J.
Epperly, Sheryan P.
TI Spatial and temporal statistical analysis of bycatch data: patterns of
sea turtle bycatch in the North Atlantic
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID PELAGIC LONGLINES; BY-CATCH; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; WATERS
AB Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtle distributions and movements in offshore waters of the western North Atlantic are not well understood despite continued efforts to monitor, survey, and observe them. Loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles are listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union, and thus anthropogenic mortality of these species, including fishing, is of elevated interest. This study quantifies spatial and temporal patterns of sea turtle bycatch distributions to identify potential processes influencing their locations. A Ripley's K function analysis was employed on the NOAA Fisheries Atlantic Pelagic Longline Observer Program data to determine spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal patterns of sea turtle bycatch distributions within the pattern of the pelagic fishery distribution. Results indicate that loggerhead and leatherback sea turtle catch distributions change seasonally, with patterns of spatial clustering appearing from July through October. The results from the space-time analysis indicate that sea turtle catch distributions are related on a relatively fine scale (30-200 km and 1-5 days). The use of spatial and temporal point pattern analysis, particularly K function analysis, is a novel way to examine bycatch data and can be used to inform fishing practices such that fishing could still occur while minimizing sea turtle bycatch.
C1 [Gardner, Beth; Sullivan, Patrick J.; Morreale, Stephen J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Epperly, Sheryan P.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Gardner, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM bgardner@usgs.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service and Sea
FX The authors thank the Southeast Fisheries Science Center for providing
both the Pelagic Observer Program data and the NED experiment data and
also thank John Watson and Dan Foster for access to and support with the
NED experiment data. The authors thank the National Marine Fisheries
Service and Sea Grant for funding. We thank Steve DeGloria, Robert
Strawderman, Bill Richards, N. Bert Loosmore, and one anonymous reviewer
for comments on this manuscript.
NR 29
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 12
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 11
BP 2461
EP 2470
DI 10.1139/F08-152
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 386UQ
UT WOS:000261908500014
ER
PT J
AU Reinhardt, UG
Eidietis, L
Friedl, SE
Moser, ML
AF Reinhardt, U. G.
Eidietis, L.
Friedl, S. E.
Moser, M. L.
TI Pacific lamprey climbing behavior
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID MOUNTAIN-STREAM CATFISH; HAWAIIAN GOBIID FISHES; FAST-START;
ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; S-START; KINEMATICS; PERFORMANCE; WATER; ESOX;
LOCOMOTION
AB New lamprey-friendly fishways feature inclined ramps that facilitate passage of Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata ( Richardson, 1836)) over Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River, USA. We observed the lampreys moving against water at two flow volumes and on two ramps of 458 and 188 angles relative to horizontal. We documented climbing movements using high-speed video (125 frames/s). Lampreys advanced on the ramps by repeated cycles of attaching to the ramps by their sucker mouths (resting phase), bending their bodies into a W shape (stage II), and then, rapidly straightening the body to propel themselves up the ramp, with simultaneous brief (20-140 ms) release of suction (stage III). We inferred that lampreys were using burst swimming to propel themselves up the ramp, because we observed inflection points in the body curvature traveling toward the posterior of the body and the center of mass moving up, during stage III. This climbing behavior is not described for any other fish species. Vertical motion, relative to the ground, during each cycle of movement was greatest in the 458 ramp - low water flow volume treatment (mean of 0.07 L/cycle), but the movement upstream along the ramp plane was greatest on the 188 ramp, regardless of flow volume. These findings can be used to develop ramp designs that maximize lamprey climbing performance.
C1 [Reinhardt, U. G.] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA.
[Eidietis, L.] CUNY, Hunter Coll W1032, Dept Curriculum & Teaching, New York, NY 10065 USA.
[Friedl, S. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Moser, M. L.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Reinhardt, UG (reprint author), Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, 316 Mark Jefferson Hall, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA.
EM ureinhard@emich.edu
FU US Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District [E96950021]; Great Lakes
Fisheries Commission, Sea Lamprey Research Program
FX We thank Jeremy Roos and Howard Pennington for their help in trapping
and measuring lampreys and for video measurement set ups. Thanks also go
to Chunfang Wang for help with data analysis. David Clugston, Doug Dey,
Mike Jepson, Chris Peery, and Tom Ruehle provided administrative support
for this work. Partial funding was provided by the US Army Corps of
Engineers, Portland District, contract no. E96950021. Further partial
funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission, Sea
Lamprey Research Program.
NR 27
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 15
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 86
IS 11
BP 1264
EP 1272
DI 10.1139/Z08-112
PG 9
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 385DW
UT WOS:000261794400006
ER
PT J
AU Sant, G
Ferraris, CF
Weiss, J
AF Sant, Gaurav
Ferraris, Chiara F.
Weiss, Jason
TI Rheological properties of cement pastes: A discussion of structure
formation and mechanical property development
SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Rheology; Characterization; Reaction; Physical properties; Workability
ID HYDRATION; CONCRETE; ADMIXTURES; MORTARS; TIME
AB The objective of this paper is to examine the evolution of rheological properties (e.g. yield stress) and to evaluate the use of these properties as a method to monitor structure formation and mechanical property development (i.e. setting) in cementitious materials. The authors utilize the stress growth technique to assess the development of a solid structure in cement pastes. An increase in the yield strength of the system due to cement hydration is identified to occur near the end of the dormant period as identified by chemical shrinkage. The transition from a fluid to a solid state and the development of elastic properties in the material are both noted to occur prior to the time of initial set as identified by the Vicar needle. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sant, Gaurav] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Mat Sensing & Characterizat Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Ferraris, Chiara F.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sant, G (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Mat Sensing & Characterizat Lab, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM gsant@purdue.edu; clarissa@nist.gov; wjweiss@purdue.edu
RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010; Sant, Gaurav/F-3492-2011;
OI Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980
FU Center for Advanced Cement Based Materials (ACBM); Material
Characterization and Sensing Laboratory at Purdue University; National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support received from the Center
for Advanced Cement Based Materials (ACBM). This work was conducted in
the Material Characterization and Sensing Laboratory at Purdue
University and the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The authors
gratefully acknowledge the support from these laboratories that has made
this research possible. In addition, the authors would also like to
acknowledge the assistance of John Winpigler (NIST) in experimental
testing and Edward Garboczi and Nicos Martys for their valuable review
of this paper.
NR 32
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0008-8846
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES
JI Cem. Concr. Res.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 38
IS 11
BP 1286
EP 1296
DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.06.008
PG 11
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 374AH
UT WOS:000261014100004
ER
PT J
AU Ma, Y
Chen, S
Hua, F
Wei, HL
Bromwich, DH
AF Ma Yan
Chen Shang
Hua Feng
Wei Helin
Bromwich, D. H.
TI Evaluation of a regional climate model for atmospheric simulation over
Arctic river basins
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE evaluation; Polar MM5+LSM; the Arctic; climate modeling
ID POLAR MM5 SIMULATIONS; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; MESOSCALE MODEL;
CIRCULATION; WINDS
AB Evaluation on a regional climate model was made with five-month atmospheric simulations over the Arctic river basins. The simulations were performed with a modified mesoscale model, Polar MM5 coupled to the NCAR Land Surface Model (LSM) to illustrate the skill of the coupled model (Polar MM5+LSM) in simulating atmospheric circulation over the Arctic river basins. Near-surface and upper-air observations were used to verify the simulations. Sensitivity studies between the Polar MM5 and Polar MM5+LSM simulations revealed that the coupled model could improve the forecast skill for surface variables at some sites. In addition, the extended evaluations of the coupled model simulations on the North American Arctic domain during December 15, 2002 to May 15, 2003 were carried out. The time series plots and statistics of the observations and Polar MM5+LSM simulations at six stations for near-surface and vertical profiles at 850 hPa and 500 hPa were analyzed. The model was found capable of reproducing the observed atmospheric behavior in both magnitude and variability, especially for temperature and near-surface wind direction.
C1 [Ma Yan] Qingdao Meteorol Bur, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China.
[Chen Shang; Hua Feng] SOA, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266066, Peoples R China.
[Wei Helin] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Bromwich, D. H.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Ma, Y (reprint author), Qingdao Meteorol Bur, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China.
EM qdyanma@163.com
RI Bromwich, David/C-9225-2016
FU Polar Stratagem Fund of China [JD07-6]
FX Supported by the Polar Stratagem Fund of China (No. JD07-6).
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0254-4059
J9 CHIN J OCEANOL LIMN
JI Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 4
BP 425
EP 433
DI 10.1007/s00343-008-0425-5
PG 9
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 397NJ
UT WOS:000262669100016
ER
PT J
AU Jin, EK
Kinter, JL
Wang, B
Park, CK
Kang, IS
Kirtman, BP
Kug, JS
Kumar, A
Luo, JJ
Schemm, J
Shukla, J
Yamagata, T
AF Jin, Emilia K.
Kinter, James L., III
Wang, B.
Park, C. -K.
Kang, I. -S.
Kirtman, B. P.
Kug, J. -S.
Kumar, A.
Luo, J. -J.
Schemm, J.
Shukla, J.
Yamagata, T.
TI Current status of ENSO prediction skill in coupled ocean-atmosphere
models
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE SST forecast; ENSO prediction; 10 CGCM intercomparison; multi-model
ensemble; APCC/CliPAS and DEMETER
ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL CLIMATE
PREDICTABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; 1997-98 EL-NINO; MULTIMODEL
ENSEMBLE; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; DATA ASSIMILATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC;
FORECAST SYSTEM
AB The overall skill of ENSO prediction in retrospective forecasts made with ten different coupled GCMs is investigated. The coupled GCM datasets of the APCC/CliPAS and DEMETER projects are used for four seasons in the common 22 years from 1980 to 2001. As a baseline, a dynamic-statistical SST forecast and persistence are compared. Our study focuses on the tropical Pacific SST, especially by analyzing the NINO34 index. In coupled models, the accuracy of the simulated variability is related to the accuracy of the simulated mean state. Almost all models have problems in simulating the mean and mean annual cycle of SST, in spite of the positive influence of realistic initial conditions. As a result, the simulation of the interannual SST variability is also far from perfect in most coupled models. With increasing lead time, this discrepancy gets worse. As one measure of forecast skill, the tier-1 multi-model ensemble (MME) forecasts of NINO3.4 SST have an anomaly correlation coefficient of 0.86 at the month 6. This is higher than that of any individual model as well as both forecasts based on persistence and those made with the dynamic-statistical model. The forecast skill of individual models and the MME depends strongly on season, ENSO phase, and ENSO intensity. A stronger El Nino is better predicted. The growth phases of both the warm and cold events are better predicted than the corresponding decaying phases. ENSO-neutral periods are far worse predicted than warm or cold events. The skill of forecasts that start in February or May drops faster than that of forecasts that start in August or November. This behavior, often termed the spring predictability barrier, is in part because predictions starting from February or May contain more events in the decaying phase of ENSO.
C1 [Jin, Emilia K.; Kinter, James L., III; Kirtman, B. P.; Shukla, J.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
[Jin, Emilia K.; Kinter, James L., III; Shukla, J.] George Mason Univ, Dept Climate Dynam, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Wang, B.] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Park, C. -K.] APEC Climate Ctr, Pusan, South Korea.
[Kang, I. -S.; Kug, J. -S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea.
[Kumar, A.; Schemm, J.] NCEP NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Luo, J. -J.; Yamagata, T.] FRCGC JAMSTEC, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Jin, EK (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
EM kjin@cola.iges.org
RI Yamagata, Toshio/A-1807-2009; Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; KUG,
JONG-SEONG/A-8053-2013; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015
OI Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559
FU APEC Climate Center (APCC); National Science Foundation [ATM-0332910];
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4310034];
National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG04GG46G]; Korean
Science and Engineering Foundation and the Brain Korea
FX This research was supported by APEC Climate Center (APCC) as a part of
APCC International research project. The second author was supported by
grants from the National Science Foundation (ATM-0332910), the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA04OAR4310034) and the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNG04GG46G). The 5th and 7th
authors were supported by the SRC program of the Korean Science and
Engineering Foundation and the Brain Korea 21 project. We would like to
thank Duane E. Waliser and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive
comments on the earlier version of this manuscript.
NR 86
TC 181
Z9 191
U1 4
U2 37
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 31
IS 6
BP 647
EP 664
DI 10.1007/s00382-008-0397-3
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 351GM
UT WOS:000259412700003
ER
PT J
AU Panteghini, M
Bunk, DM
Christenson, RH
Katrukha, A
Porter, RA
Schimmel, H
Wang, LL
Tate, JR
AF Panteghini, Mauro
Bunk, David M.
Christenson, Robert H.
Katrukha, Alexei
Porter, Robert A.
Schimmel, Heinz
Wang, Lili
Tate, Jillian R.
CA IFCC Working Grp Standardization T
TI Standardization of troponin I measurements: an update
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Review
DE calibration; commutability; reference material; traceability; troponin I
ID CANDIDATE REFERENCE MATERIALS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LABORATORY
MEDICINE; ROUND-ROBIN; ASSAYS; HARMONIZATION; COMMUTABILITY;
IMMUNOASSAYS; SYSTEMS; SERUM
AB Standardization of cardiac troponin I (cTnl) measurement is important because of the central role for diagnosis of myocardial infarction. In blood, cTnl is present as a heterogeneous mixture of different molecular species. The analytical problem caused by this heterogeneity may be circumvented by recognition of a unique, invariant part of the molecule that is common to all components of the mixture. Antibodies used for the development of cTnl assays should selectively recognize epitopes within this invariant part, leading to a consequential increase in the homogeneity of immunoassay reactivity. This should be associated with the use of a reference material that represents the natural and major antigen in blood after tissue release, i.e., the troponin complex. Although a primary reference material for cTnl is available, studies indicate that cTnl assays remain without harmony after recalibration using this material. To achieve closer comparability of cTnl values between assays, the use of a secondary reference material, consisting of a panel of human serum pools, is proposed for use by manufacturers to calibrate their assays. To assign true cTnl concentration values to this secondary reference material, establishment of a reference measurement procedure for cTnl is required. A practical approach to the development of a reference procedure could be to design an immunochemical assay with well-characterized specificity to the invariant part of the cTnl molecule and calibrated using the primary reference material.
C1 [Panteghini, Mauro] Univ Milan, Ctr Metrol Traceabil Lab Med CIRME, Milan, Italy.
[Bunk, David M.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Christenson, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Katrukha, Alexei] HyTest Ltd, Turku, Finland.
[Porter, Robert A.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
[Schimmel, Heinz] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Reference Mat Unit, Geel, Belgium.
[Wang, Lili] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tate, Jillian R.] Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Herston, Qld, Australia.
RP Panteghini, M (reprint author), Osped L Sacco, Lab Anal Chim Clin, Via GB Grassi 74, I-20157 Milan, Italy.
EM sd.chair@ifcc.org
NR 32
TC 31
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 15
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1434-6621
J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED
JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 46
IS 11
BP 1501
EP 1506
DI 10.1515/CCLM.2008.291
PG 6
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA 379HA
UT WOS:000261386100004
PM 18778218
ER
PT J
AU Park, S
Quinn, JB
Romberg, E
Arola, D
AF Park, S.
Quinn, J. B.
Romberg, E.
Arola, D.
TI On the brittleness of enamel and selected dental materials
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Brittleness; Elastic modulus; Enamel; Fracture toughness; Hardness
ID INDENTATION FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TOOTH ENAMEL;
MICROHARDNESS; NANOINDENTATION; CERAMICS; MODULUS; HARDNESS;
MICROSTRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY
AB Although brittle material behavior is often considered undesirable, a quantitative measure of "brittleness" is currently not used in assessing the clinical merits of dental materials. Objective. To quantify and compare the brittleness of human enamel and common dental restorative materials used for crown replacement.
Methods. Specimens of human enamel were prepared from the third molars of "young" (18 <= age <= 25) and "old" (50 <= age) patients. The hardness, elastic modulus and apparent fracture toughness were characterized as a function of distance from the DEJ using indentation approaches. These properties were then used in estimating the brittleness according to a model that accounts for the competing dissipative processes of deformation and fracture. The brittleness of selected porcelain, ceramic and micaceous glass ceramic (MGC) dental materials was estimated and compared with that of the enamel.
Results. The average brittleness of the young and old enamel increased with distance from the DEJ. For the old enamel the average brittleness increased from approximately 300 mu m(-1) at the DEJ to nearly 900 mu m(-1) at the occlusal surface. While there was no significant difference between the two age groups at the DEJ, the brittleness of the old enamel was significantly greater (and up to four times higher) than that of the young enamel near the occlusal surface. The brittleness numbers for the restorative materials were up to 90% lower than that of young occlusal enamel.
Significance. The brittleness index could serve as a useful scale in the design of materials used for crown replacement, as well as a quantitative tool for characterizing degradation in the mechanical behavior of enamel. (C) 2008 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Park, S.; Arola, D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Quinn, J. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Romberg, E.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Dept Hlth Promot & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Arola, D.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Arola, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
EM darola@umbc.edu
FU National Science Foundation [BES 0521467]; National Institutes of Health
[R01-DE17983]
FX The authors acknowledge support for the investigation was received from
the National Science Foundation (BES 0521467) and the National
Institutes of Health (R01-DE17983). The authors are grateful to George
D. Quinn at the Ceramics Division of NIST for many valuable discussions.
NR 38
TC 42
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 11
BP 1477
EP 1485
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2008.03.007
PG 9
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 363SP
UT WOS:000260287300006
PM 18436299
ER
PT J
AU Sugawara, A
Fujikawa, K
Takagi, S
Chow, LC
AF Sugawara, Akiyoshi
Fujikawa, Kenji
Takagi, Shozo
Chow, Laurence C.
TI Histological analysis of calcium phosphate bone grafts for surgically
created periodontal bone defects in dogs
SO DENTAL MATERIALS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Histopathological reaction; Calcium phosphate cement; Periodontal bone
defect
ID ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION; CEMENT IMPLANTS
AB A calcium phosphate cement (CPC-1), prepared by mixing an equimolar mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous with water, has been shown to be highly biocompatible and osteoconductive. A new type of calcium phosphate cement (CPC-2), prepared by mixing a mixture of a-tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate with pH 7.4 sodium phosphate solution, was also reported to be highly biocompatible. The objective of the present Study was to compare the osteoconductivities of CPC-1 and CPC-2 when implanted in surgically created defects in the jaw bones of clogs. At, 1 month after surgery, implanted CPC-1 was partially replaced by new bone and converted to bone within 6 months. In comparison, at I month after surgery, the defect filled with CPC-2 was mostly replaced by new bone. Therefore, bone formation in CPC-2-filled pocket was more rapid than in CPC-1-filled pocket. These findings Supported the hypothesis that CPC-2 converted to bone more rapidly than CPC-1.
C1 [Sugawara, Akiyoshi] Sugawara Dent Clin, Tokyo, Japan.
[Sugawara, Akiyoshi; Fujikawa, Kenji] Nihon Univ, Sch Dent, Tokyo 101, Japan.
[Fujikawa, Kenji] Fujikawa Dent Off, Tokyo, Japan.
[Takagi, Shozo; Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sugawara, A (reprint author), Sugawara Dent Clin, Tokyo, Japan.
EM aki@dr-sugawara.com
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE11789, R01 DE011789, R01 DE011789-12]
NR 30
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 3
PU JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES
PI TOKYO
PA C/O KOKU HOKEN KYOKAI, 1-43-9 KOMAGOME TS BDG, KOMAGOME, TOSHIMA-KU,
TOKYO, 170-0003, JAPAN
SN 0287-4547
J9 DENT MATER J
JI Dent. Mater. J.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 27
IS 6
BP 787
EP 794
PG 8
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 434UA
UT WOS:000265298400005
PM 19241686
ER
PT J
AU Strigul, N
Pristinski, D
Purves, D
Dushoff, J
Pacala, S
AF Strigul, Nikolay
Pristinski, Denis
Purves, Drew
Dushoff, Jonathan
Pacala, Stephen
TI SCALING FROM TREES TO FORESTS: TRACTABLE MACROSCOPIC EQUATIONS FOR
FOREST DYNAMICS
SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS
LA English
DT Article
DE crown plasticity; forest dynamics; forest scaling; individual-based
forest simulator; light competition; macroscopic equations
ID CROWN ASYMMETRY; SIZE-STRUCTURE; PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES; COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; LOCAL COMPETITION; PLANT-POPULATIONS;
PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; GROWTH-MODEL; AGE
AB Individual-based forest simulators, such as TASS and SORTIE, are spatial stochastic processes that predict properties of populations and communities by simulating the fate of every plant throughout its life cycle. Although they are used for forest management and are able to predict dynamics of real forests, they are also analytically intractable, which limits their usefulness to basic scientists. We have developed a new spatial individual-based forest model that includes a perfect plasticity formulation for crown shape. Its structure allows us to derive an accurate approximation for the individual-based model that predicts mean densities and size structures using the same parameter values and functional forms, and also it is analytically tractable. The approximation is represented by a system of von Foerster partial differential equations coupled with an integral equation that we call the perfect plasticity approximation (PPA). We have derived a series of analytical results including equilibrium abundances for trees of different crown shapes, stability conditions, transient behaviors, such as the constant yield law and self-thinning exponents, and two species coexistence conditions.
C1 [Strigul, Nikolay; Purves, Drew; Dushoff, Jonathan; Pacala, Stephen] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Strigul, Nikolay] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07020 USA.
[Pristinski, Denis] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Microsoft Res, Cambridge CB3 0FB, England.
[Dushoff, Jonathan] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
RP Strigul, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM nstrigul@stevens.edu
RI Strigul, Nick/C-3987-2016
NR 96
TC 78
Z9 80
U1 2
U2 34
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9615
EI 1557-7015
J9 ECOL MONOGR
JI Ecol. Monogr.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 4
BP 523
EP 545
DI 10.1890/08-0082.1
PG 23
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 364BE
UT WOS:000260310400003
ER
PT J
AU Van Doornik, DM
Parker, SJ
Millard, SR
Berntson, EA
Moran, P
AF Van Doornik, Donald M.
Parker, Steven J.
Millard, Steven R.
Berntson, Ewann A.
Moran, Paul
TI Multiple paternity is prevalent in Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus)
off the Oregon coast, and is correlated with female size and age
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Polyandry; Maternal age; Rockfish; Paternity analysis; Mating system;
Microsatellite
ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MATING SYSTEMS; ROCKFISH; STOCKS; FISH;
REPRODUCTION; SCORPAENIDAE; POPULATIONS; COMPETITION; WASHINGTON
AB The need to rebuild Pacific ocean perch, Sebastes alutus, populations on the west coast of the United States has precipitated a need to better understand the life history characteristics of this rockfish species. One such characteristic is mating behavior, which has the potential to influence the amount of genetic diversity in a population. We documented and examined the frequency of multiple mating in Pacific ocean perch collected off the Oregon coast using five microsatellite loci. We found that 47 of 66 (71.2%) females examined had broods sired by multiple males. The mean number of sires per brood was 1.92 (SD=0.76) and ranged from 1-4. Polyandrous females were significantly larger and had an older average age than monogamous females. Our results suggest that polyandrous behavior among female Pacific ocean perch off the coast of Oregon is prevalent, is related to female size and age, and should be preserved by maintaining a natural age structure in this population.
C1 [Van Doornik, Donald M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
[Parker, Steven J.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Millard, Steven R.] Willamette Univ, Salem, OR 97301 USA.
[Berntson, Ewann A.; Moran, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Van Doornik, DM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM don.vandoornik@noaa.gov
NR 33
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 83
IS 3
BP 269
EP 275
DI 10.1007/s10641-008-9331-0
PG 7
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 363JE
UT WOS:000260262800004
ER
PT J
AU Hatch, L
Clark, C
Merrick, R
Van Parijs, S
Ponirakis, D
Schwehr, K
Thompson, M
Wiley, D
AF Hatch, Leila
Clark, Christopher
Merrick, Richard
Van Parijs, Sofie
Ponirakis, Dimitri
Schwehr, Kurt
Thompson, Michael
Wiley, David
TI Characterizing the Relative Contributions of Large Vessels to Total
Ocean Noise Fields: A Case Study Using the Gerry E. Studds Stellwagen
Bank National Marine Sanctuary
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Shipping; Underwater noise; Whales; Automatic Identification System; US
National Marine Sanctuary; Marine protected area
ID ACOUSTIC AMBIENT NOISE; SHALLOW-WATER; SEA NOISE; UNDERWATER; PACIFIC;
WHALES; SOUND; TRANSMISSION; IMPACT; SHELF
AB In 2006, we used the U.S. Coast Guard's Automatic Identification System (AIS) to describe patterns of large commercial ship traffic within a U.S. National Marine Sanctuary located off the coast of Massachusetts. We found that 541 large commercial vessels transited the greater sanctuary 3413 times during the year. Cargo ships, tankers, and tug/tows constituted 78% of the vessels and 82% of the total transits. Cargo ships, tankers, and cruise ships predominantly used the designated Boston Traffic Separation Scheme, while tug/tow traffic was concentrated in the western and northern portions of the sanctuary. We combined AIS data with low-frequency acoustic data from an array of nine autonomous recording units analyzed for 2 months in 2006. Analysis of received sound levels (10-1000 Hz, root-mean-square pressure re 1 mu Pa +/- SE) averaged 119.5 +/- 0.3 dB at high-traffic locations. High-traffic locations experienced double the acoustic power of less trafficked locations for the majority of the time period analyzed. Average source level estimates (71-141 Hz, root-mean-square pressure re 1 mu Pa +/- SE) for individual vessels ranged from 158 +/- 2 dB (research vessel) to 186 +/- 2 dB (oil tanker). Tankers were estimated to contribute 2 times more acoustic power to the region than cargo ships, and more than 100 times more than research vessels. Our results indicate that noise produced by large commercial vessels was at levels and within frequencies that warrant concern among managers regarding the ability of endangered whales to maintain acoustic contact within greater sanctuary waters.
C1 [Hatch, Leila; Thompson, Michael; Wiley, David] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctu, Scituate, MA 02066 USA.
[Clark, Christopher; Ponirakis, Dimitri] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
[Merrick, Richard; Van Parijs, Sofie] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Schwehr, Kurt] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Schwehr, Kurt] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Mapping Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
RP Hatch, L (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctu, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA.
EM leila.hatch@noaa.gov
FU Massachusetts Environmental Trust; U.S. NOAA's National Marine Sanctuary
Program; U.S. NOAA Fisheries' Northeast Fisheries Science Center and
Regional Office; Cornell University's Bioacoustics Research Program
FX This work was made possible by funding to Leila Hatch and David Wiley by
the Massachusetts Environmental Trust and the International Fund for
Animal Welfare through the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, and by
funding to Christopher Clark from the U.S. NOAA's National Marine
Sanctuary Program and the U.S. NOAA Fisheries' Northeast Fisheries
Science Center and Regional Office. We are grateful to Deborah Lenahan
and Brian Reckenbeil for processing of AIS data, to Adam Frankel for
advice regarding acoustic modeling, and to Kathryn Cortopassi and
additional staff from Cornell University's Bioacoustics Research Program
for hardware and software support for this project.
NR 72
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 5
BP 735
EP 752
DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9169-4
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 359CV
UT WOS:000259964700001
PM 18626686
ER
PT J
AU Song, Y
Dai, W
Shao, M
Liu, Y
Lu, SH
Kuster, W
Goldan, P
AF Song, Yu
Dai, Wei
Shao, Min
Liu, Ying
Lu, Sihua
Kuster, William
Goldan, Paul
TI Comparison of receptor models for source apportionment of volatile
organic compounds in Beijing, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE VOC; Source apportionment; UNMIX; PMF; CMB; Beijing
ID PM2.5; CITY
AB Identifying the sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is key to reducing ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Several receptor models have been developed to apportion sources, but an intercomparison of these models had not been performed for VOCs in China. In the present study, we compared VOC sources based on chemical mass balance (CMB), UNMIX, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models. Gasoline-related sources, petrochemical production, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were identified by all three models as the major contributors, with UNMIX and PMF producing quite similar results. The contributions of gasoline-related sources and LPG estimated by the CMB model were higher, and petrochemical emissions were lower than in the UNMIX and PMF results, possibly because the VOC profiles used in the CMB model were for fresh emissions and the profiles extracted from ambient measurements by the two-factor analysis models were "aged". (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shao, Min; Liu, Ying; Lu, Sihua] Peking Univ, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Song, Yu; Dai, Wei] Peking Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Kuster, William; Goldan, Paul] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Shao, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM mshao@pku.edu.cn
RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; SHAO, Min/C-7351-2014; SONG,
Yu/C-2287-2015;
OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; SONG, Yu/0000-0002-2455-2999; Dai,
Wei/0000-0003-0169-8327
FU China National Natural Science Foundation [40575059, 20637001]; National
Key Basic Research and Development Program of China [2005CB422204]
FX We thank Dr Ronald Henry for providing the UNMIX model. This study was
funded by the China National Natural Science Foundation program (grant
nos. 40575059 and 20637001) and the National Key Basic Research and
Development Program of China (grant no. 2005CB422204).
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD NOV 1
PY 2008
VL 156
IS 1
BP 174
EP 183
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.014
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 358WP
UT WOS:000259948500023
PM 18234404
ER
PT J
AU Sunderland, EM
Cohen, MD
Selin, NE
Chmura, GL
AF Sunderland, Elsie M.
Cohen, Mark D.
Selin, Noelle E.
Chmura, Gail L.
TI Reconciling models and measurements to assess trends in atmospheric
mercury deposition
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Historical pollution; Mercury; Models; Pre-industrial; Sediment
ID NORTH-AMERICA; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; NARRAGANSETT-BAY; SEDIMENT CORES;
ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; INVENTORY; EMISSIONS; FLUXES; LAKES
AB Changes in atmospheric mercury deposition are used to evaluate the effectiveness of regulations controlling emissions. This analysis can be complicated by seemingly incongruent data from different model runs. model types, and field measurements. Here we present a case study example that describes how to identify trends in regional scale mercury deposition using hest-available information from Multiple data sources. To do this, we use data from three atmospheric chemistry models (CMAQ. GEOS-Chem. HYSPLIT) and Multiple sediment archives (ombrotrophic bog, headwater lake, coastal salt marsh) from the Bay of Fundy region in Canada. Combined sediment and modeling data indicate that deposition attributable to US and Canadian emissions has declined in recent years. thereby increasing the relative significance of global sources. We estimate that anthropogenic emissions in the US and Canada account for 28-33% of contemporary atmospheric deposition in this region. with the rest from natural (14-32%) and global sources (41-53%). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sunderland, Elsie M.] US EPA, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
[Cohen, Mark D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, SSMC3, RIARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Selin, Noelle E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Chmura, Gail L.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Chmura, Gail L.] McGill Univ, Global Environm & Climate Change Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
RP Sunderland, EM (reprint author), US EPA, 1 Congress St,Mail Code CWQ, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
EM sunderland.elsie@epa.gov
RI Selin, Noelle/A-4158-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Cohen,
Mark/P-6936-2015; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014
OI Selin, Noelle/0000-0002-6396-5622; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558;
Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC);
Gulf of Maine Council On the Marine Environment; Royal Canadian
Geographic Society
FX Statements in this publication reflect the authors' personal views and
opinions and should not be construed to represent any determination or
policy of the United States Environmental Protection Agency or the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This work Was Supported
by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada (NSERC). the Gulf of Maine Council On the Marine Environment, the
Royal Canadian Geographic Society, the NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship
Program (E. Sunderland) and the Commission for Environmental Cooperation
(M. Cohen). We acknowledge the field and logistical Support staff at
Huntsman Marine Science Centre in New Brunswick, Canada. We thank O.
Russell Bullock (USEPA/NOAA) for results from the CMAQ model, and Chris
Knightes (USEPA) and two anonymous reviewers for helpful review
comments.
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
EI 1873-6424
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 156
IS 2
BP 526
EP 535
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.021
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 374NC
UT WOS:000261049500035
PM 18299164
ER
PT J
AU Casper, S
West, J
Horowitz, L
Tong, D
AF Casper, S.
West, J.
Horowitz, L.
Tong, D.
TI The Global Burden of Anthropogenic Ozone and Particulate Matter Air
Pollution on Premature Human Mortality
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 20th Annual Conference of the
International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology
CY OCT 12-16, 2008
CL Pasadena, CA
SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol
C1 [Casper, S.; West, J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
[Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Tong, D.] US EPA, Sci & Technol Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008
OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568
NR 0
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U2 2
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1044-3983
J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY
JI Epidemiology
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 19
IS 6
BP S221
EP S221
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 362IR
UT WOS:000260191901100
ER
PT J
AU Ott, W
Wallace, L
AF Ott, W.
Wallace, L.
TI Ultraline Particle Exposures in Homes, Automobiles, and Restaurants
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 20th Annual Conference of the
International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology
CY OCT 12-16, 2008
CL Pasadena, CA
SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol
C1 [Ott, W.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Wallace, L.] NIST, Reston, VA USA.
NR 0
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PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1044-3983
J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY
JI Epidemiology
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 19
IS 6
BP S129
EP S130
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 362IR
UT WOS:000260191900380
ER
PT J
AU Carlson, JK
Heupel, MR
Bethea, DM
Hollensead, LD
AF Carlson, John K.
Heupel, Michelle R.
Bethea, Dana M.
Hollensead, Lisa D.
TI Coastal habitat use and residency of juvenile Atlantic sharpnose sharks
(Rhizoprionodon terraenovae)
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE nursery; shark; telemetry; acoustic; tag
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LEMON SHARKS; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS;
CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; FOOD-HABITS; HOME-RANGE; NURSERY; MOVEMENTS;
PATTERNS; BIOLOGY
AB Coastal habitat use and residency of a coastal bay by juvenile Atlantic sharpnose sharks, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, were examined by acoustic monitoring, gillnet sampling, and conventional tag - recapture. Acoustic monitoring data were used to define the residency and movement patterns of sharks within Crooked Island Sound, Florida. Over 3 years, sharks were monitored for periods of 1 - 37 days, with individuals regularly moving in and out of the study site. Individual sharks were continuously present within the study site for periods of 1 - 35 days. Patterns of movement could not be correlated with time of day. Home range sizes were typically small (average=1.29 km(2)) and did not vary on a yearly basis. Gillnet sampling revealed that juvenile Atlantic sharpnose sharks were present in all habitat types found within Crooked Island Sound, and peaks in abundance varied depending on month within a year. Although telemetry data showed that most individuals remained within the study site for short periods of time before emigrating, conventional tag - recapture data indicates some individuals return to Crooked Island Sound after extended absences (maximum length=1,352 days). Although conventional shark nursery theory suggests small sharks remain in shallow coastal waters to avoid predation, juvenile Atlantic sharpnose sharks frequently exited from protected areas and appear to move through deeper waters to adjacent coastal bays and estuaries. Given the high productivity exhibited by this species, the benefit gained through a nursery that reduces predation may be limited for this species.
C1 [Carlson, John K.; Bethea, Dana M.; Hollensead, Lisa D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
[Heupel, Michelle R.] Ctr Shark Res, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
EM john.carlson@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Fisheries Service-Highly Migratory Species Office
FX We thank all the 2004-2006 Shark Population Assessment Group interns for
long, unpaid hours in the field cleaning and assisting in the
downloading of data from the VR2s. Colin Simpfendorfer developed the
computer software used to analyze data from this study. Pete Sheridan,
Ed Houde, and two anonymous referees made valuable comments and
suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank Panama
City Laboratory NOAA Divers J. Brusher, A. David, D. Devries, B. Fable,
C. Gardner, LT A. Middlemiss, S. Matthews, and LT J. Taylor in aiding in
the deployment and recovery of receivers. The NOAA Fisheries
Service-Highly Migratory Species Office provided funding for this
project.
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
EI 1559-2731
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 31
IS 5
BP 931
EP 940
DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9075-2
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 353KN
UT WOS:000259565700009
ER
PT J
AU Ohlemiller, T
Peacock, R
AF Ohlemiller, T.
Peacock, R.
TI On the significance of transient heat release rate excursions above a
set limit
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Furnishings; Heat release rate; Ignition
AB When a heat release rate limit for a consumer product is set by a regulatory agency, it is of interest to know whether small excursions above that limit, such as may occur due to production line variability, represent a disproportionate increase in fire hazard. This paper presents a methodology to examine this issue. The heat release rate curve of the object is described by a Gaussian time variation; a perturbation peak, also Gaussian, is added to this main peak. The impacts of the perturbation peak on the build up of hazardous conditions in a room fire (where the object is the only item burning) and on the threat of ignition of secondary items are examined. For the peak heat release rate domain studied here, only the ignition threat is significantly affected by the perturbation peak. The results quantify the trade-off between the height of the perturbation peak and its duration for a fixed percentage of increase in the room area threatened by secondary object ignition. The results show that the increased threat is of the same order as the relative perturbation in heat release rate. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ohlemiller, T.; Peacock, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ohlemiller, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Thomas.ohlemiller@nist.gov
NR 12
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U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 43
IS 8
BP 531
EP 540
DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.12.007
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 367WR
UT WOS:000260583800001
ER
PT J
AU Amon, F
Hamins, A
Bryner, N
Rowe, J
AF Amon, Francine
Hamins, Anthony
Bryner, Nelson
Rowe, Justin
TI Meaningful performance evaluation conditions for fire service thermal
imaging cameras
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Evaluation; Firefighter; Fire service; First responder; Infrared camera;
Standards development; Test conditions; Test methods; Thermal imaging
camera
AB Thermal imaging cameras (TIC) are rapidly becoming integral equipment for the fire service for use in structure fires and other emergencies. The Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has conducted research to establish test conditions that best represent the environment in which TIC are used. Firefighters may use TIC for field operations ranging from fire attack, search/rescue, hot spot detection, overhaul activities, to detecting the location of hazardous materials.
To develop standardized TIC performance metrics and test methods that capture the harsh environment in which TIC may be used, information was collected from users, the literature, and front fire tests conducted at BFRL. A workshop was held to facilitate knowledge transfer from the fire service and TIC manufacturers. Full-scale and bench-scale experimental work focused on temperature extremes and the presence of obscuring media such as smoke, dust and water. Consolidation of fire environment data with fire fighting operations and imaging needs resulted in a set of performance metrics and test methods that relate to the conditions and tasks encountered by firefighters in structural fire fighting applications. This work is included in a new draft standard on fire service TIC. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Amon, Francine; Hamins, Anthony; Bryner, Nelson; Rowe, Justin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Amon, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM francine.amon@nist.gov
FU NIST including the Advanced Technology Program; Department of Homeland
Security/United States Fire Administration
FX This project was supported by NIST, including the Advanced Technology
Program, and by the Department of Homeland Security/United States Fire
Administration. The authors would also like to thank the participants of
the Workshop on Thermal Imaging Research Needs for First Responders for
their generous advice, Dr. Marc Nyden for his assistance with the FTIR
measurements, and Dr. Sung Chan Kim, Dr. Yong Shik Han, Roy McLane and
Jay McElroy for their contributions during the full-scale tests. The
assistance of the capable crew at the NIST Large Fire Laboratory is very
much appreciated as well.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 43
IS 8
BP 541
EP 550
DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.12.006
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 367WR
UT WOS:000260583800002
ER
PT J
AU Murawski, SA
Boreman, J
Brown, SK
AF Murawski, Steven A.
Boreman, John
Brown, Stephen K.
TI The Value of Information
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Murawski, Steven A.; Boreman, John; Brown, Stephen K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Murawski, SA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
NR 0
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PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 33
IS 11
BP 560
EP 560
PG 1
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 387ZD
UT WOS:000261989200007
ER
PT J
AU Brodziak, J
Traver, ML
Col, LA
AF Brodziak, Jon
Traver, Michele L.
Col, Laurel A.
TI The nascent recovery of the Georges Bank haddock stock
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Haddock; Georges Bank; Overfishing; Recovery; Growth; Recruitment; Stock
assessment; Fishery management
ID FISH; RECRUITMENT; GROUNDFISH; FISHERIES
AB World-wide many fish stocks have been depleted by overfishing. In this study, we describe the nascent recovery of the Georges Bank haddock stock. This mainstay of the New England groundfish fishery was overfished for decades prior to mid-1990s and experienced long-term declines in spawning biomass and recruitment. The stock was considered to have collapsed in the early-1990s when a lawsuit by the Conservation Law Foundation led the New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to take actions to cease overfishing and to recover Georges Bank haddock and other groundfish stocks. Under restrictive management measures, stock size increased 10-fold from 1995 to 2005. In 2003, an exceptionally abundant year class (YC) was produced. Although this YC may rebuild the haddock stock to pre-1930s abundance if properly fished, monitoring changes in life history parameters and recruitment will be important for sustaining stock recovery. Mean weights and sizes at age of adult haddock have decreased in recent years, and compensatory responses of haddock growth and recruitment to changes in stock density are assessed. We discuss some remaining challenges to managing this recovering transboundary resource in a dynamic multispecies fishery. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Brodziak, Jon; Traver, Michele L.; Col, Laurel A.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Brodziak, J (reprint author), Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM jon.Broadziak@NOAA.GOV
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 94
IS 2
SI SI
BP 123
EP 132
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.03.009
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 378VY
UT WOS:000261353900003
ER
PT J
AU Ott, LS
Smith, BL
Bruno, TJ
AF Ott, Lisa Starkey
Smith, Beverly L.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Advanced distillation curve measurement: Application to a bio-derived
crude oil prepared from swine manure
SO FUEL
LA English
DT Article
DE bio-derived crude oil; copper strip corrosion test; distillate
composition; distillation curve; swine manure
ID THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESS; ALTERNATIVE PROCESS; JET-A;
IMPROVEMENTS; S-8; TEMPERATURE; MIXTURES; FLUIDS; FUELS; MODEL
AB We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. This new method is a significant improvement over current approaches, with features including a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. In the present contribution, we present the application of the advanced distillation curve method to a bio-derived crude oil prepared from swine manure. One motivation behind the work was to precisely measure the distillation curve of the oil derived from swine manure with our advanced distillation apparatus and compare the bio-derived oil to traditional petroleum crude oils. Then, the information content of the bio-derived oil distillation was extended further with the composition-explicit data channel: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CC-MS), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD), and the copper strip corrosion test (CSCT) were employed on each distillate volume fraction sampled. Consequently, we can address the composition, quantitate the total sulfur content, and measure the corrosivity. Using these tools, we determined that the bio-derived swine manure oil contained both water and heavy metals, Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ott, Lisa Starkey; Smith, Beverly L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, MS 838-00,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU National Academy of Science/National Research Council
FX This work was performed while LSO held a National Academy of
Science/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship Award at
NIST. We acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Yuanhui Zhang at the
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign for providing the swine
manure-derived oil and Dr. Elizabeth Mackey at the NIST Center for
Neutron Research for performing the neutron activation experiments and
analysis.
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0016-2361
J9 FUEL
JI Fuel
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 87
IS 15-16
BP 3379
EP 3387
DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.038
PG 9
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 343XW
UT WOS:000258890700029
ER
PT J
AU Vigouroux, N
Williams-Jones, G
Chadwick, W
Geist, D
Ruiz, A
Johnson, D
AF Vigouroux, Nathalie
Williams-Jones, Glyn
Chadwick, William
Geist, Dennis
Ruiz, Andres
Johnson, Dan
TI 4D gravity changes associated with the 2005 eruption of Sierra Negra
volcano, Galapagos
SO GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Global Positioning System; gravity; remote sensing by radar; synthetic
aperture radar; volcanology
ID MAGMA-CHAMBER GEOMETRY; LONG VALLEY CALDERA; CONSTRAINTS; FERNANDINA;
BEHAVIOR; LIQUIDS; ETNA
AB Sierra Negra volcano, the most voluminous shield volcano in the Galapagos archipelago and one of the largest basaltic calderas in the world, erupted on October 22, 2005 after more than 25 years of quiescence. GPS and satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) monitoring of the deformation of the caldera floor in the months prior to the eruption documented extraordinary inflation rates (1 cm/day). The total amount of uplift recorded since monitoring began in 1992 approached 5 m at the center of the caldera over the eight days of the eruption the caldera floor deflated a maximum of 5 m and subsquently renewed its inflation, but at a decelerating rate. To gain insight into the nature of the subsurface mass/density changes associated with the deformation, gravity measurements performed in 2005, 2006, and 2007 are compared to previous measurements from 2001-2002 when the volcano underwent a period of minor deflation and magma withdrawal.The residual gravity decrease between 2001-2002 and 2005 is among the largest ever recorded atan active volcano (-950 mu Gal) and suggests that inflation was accompanied by a relative density decrease in the magmatic system. Forward modeling of the residual gravity data in 4D (from 2002 to 2005) gives an estimate of the amount of vesiculation in the shallow sill required to explain the observed gravity variations. Geochemical constraints from melt inclusion and satellite remote-sensing data allow us to estimate the pre-eruptive gas content of the magma and place constraints on the thickness of the gas-rich sill necessary to produce the gravity anomalies observed. Results suggest that reasonable sill thicknesses (700-800 m) and bubble contents (10-50 volume %) can explain the large decrease in residual gravity prior to eruption. Following the eruption (2006 and 2007), the deformation and gravity patterns suggest re-equilibration of the pressure regime in the shallow magma system via a renewed influx of relatively gas-poor magma into the shallow parts of the system.
C1 [Vigouroux, Nathalie; Williams-Jones, Glyn] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Chadwick, William] Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Newport, OR USA.
[Geist, Dennis; Ruiz, Andres] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
RP Vigouroux, N (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
EM nvigouro@sfu.ca; glynwj@sfu.ca; william.w.chadwick@noaa.gov;
dgeist@uidaho.edu; gorkiruiz@hotmail.com
RI Williams-Jones, Glyn/A-9807-2008
OI Williams-Jones, Glyn/0000-0001-9862-5444
FU NSF [EAR0538205]; NSERC Discovery Grant; PMEL [3193]
FX The authors would like to thank the Galapagos National Park for their
permission and assistance in the field and the Charles Darwin Research
Station for their logistical help. We also thank Ayline Llona for her
assistance in providing Dan Johnson's gravity data. Discussions with
Paul Wallace helped clarify issues on S solubility. Support was provided
by NSF grant EAR0538205 to the University of Idaho and an NSERC
Discovery Grant to Glyn Williams-Jones. PMEL contribution number 3193.
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 7
PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS
PI TULSA
PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA
SN 0016-8033
J9 GEOPHYSICS
JI Geophysics
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 73
IS 6
BP WA29
EP WA35
DI 10.1190/1.2987399
PG 7
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 376VR
UT WOS:000261211600029
ER
PT J
AU Braun-McNeill, J
Epperly, SP
Avens, L
Snover, ML
Taylor, JC
AF Braun-McNeill, Joanne
Epperly, Sheryan P.
Avens, Larisa
Snover, Melissa L.
Taylor, J. Christopher
TI GROWTH RATES OF LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) FROM THE
WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC
SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Caretta caretta; demography; growth rate; Loggerhead Sea Turtle;
recapture interval; stage duration
AB The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) as an endangered species. Therefore, its protection and recovery requires effective management plans. We assessed the growth of 160 turtles captured in the estuarine waters of North Carolina from 1994 to 2005, and determined that Loggerhead Sea Turtles take an average of 17.4 yr (95% CI: 15.6-19.4 yr) to grow from 50 to 80 cm SCL (standard straight-line carapace length), a size range that encompasses most of their juvenile neritic life stage. Animals in this study had slower mean growth rates than those used for earlier population models. In addition, analyses of these data revealed high variability in growth rate both among individuals in the population and annually for a given individual. These findings suggest that recovery of the population may take longer than indicated by earlier modeling exercises, and that age and SCL in Loggerhead Sea Turtles may not be clearly related. Future investigators should consider these results when formulating models used to calculate estimates of stage duration and age at sexual maturity so that effective management plans can be formulated.
C1 [Braun-McNeill, Joanne; Avens, Larisa; Snover, Melissa L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Epperly, Sheryan P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Taylor, J. Christopher] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
RP Braun-McNeill, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM Joanne.B.McNeill@noaa.gov; Sheryan.Epperly@noaa.gov;
Larisa.Avens@noaa.gov; Melissa.Snover@noaa.gov; Chris_Taylor@noaa.gov
NR 49
TC 19
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 10
PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY
PI CORVALLIS
PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA
SN 1931-7603
J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO
JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 3
IS 2
BP 273
EP 281
PG 9
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA V15RV
UT WOS:000207820000018
ER
PT J
AU Wang, LZ
Chen, QY
AF Wang, Liangzhu
Chen, Qingyan
TI Applications of a Coupled Multizone-CFD Model to Calculate Airflow and
Contaminant Dispersion in Built Environments for Emergency Management
SO HVAC&R RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SIMULATIONS
AB Current simulation tools for airflow and contaminant dispersion in built environments cannot provide detailed information with little computing effort, which is critical for emergency management. Multizone airflow network models are fast but cannot provide detailed flow and contaminant transport information in an indoor space. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), on the other hand, gives very detailed information but requires hours or days of computing time on a PC. A coupled multizone-CFD model can offer detailed information on contaminant dispersion while reducing computing time. The study presented in this paper applied the coupled model to calculate airflow and contaminant dispersion in a three-story, naturally ventilated building with a large atrium, assuming that a contaminant was released in the atrium. This investigation studied the effectiveness using emergency ventilation to protect the building occupants. It was demonstrated that the coupled model can provide important information of contaminant distributions with a reasonable computing time. The information is useful for evaluating placement of contaminant sensors and determining evacuation strategies for emergency management.
C1 [Wang, Liangzhu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chen, Qingyan] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
[SB1341-04-Q-0771]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) through contract SB1341-04-Q-0771. The authors
would like to thank Dr. Andrew K. Persily, William S. Dols, Steven. J.
Emmerich, and George. N. Walton of NIST for their valuable contributions
to the research.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC,
PI ATLANTA
PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA
SN 1078-9669
J9 HVAC&R RES
JI HVAC&R Res.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 14
IS 6
BP 925
EP 939
DI 10.1080/10789669.2008.10391047
PG 15
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 373ZF
UT WOS:000261011300007
ER
PT J
AU Rees, HL
Hyland, JL
Hylland, K
Clarke, CSLM
Roff, JC
Ware, S
AF Rees, Hubert L.
Hyland, Jeffrey L.
Hylland, Ketil
Clarke, Colleen S. L. Mercer
Roff, John C.
Ware, Suzanne
TI Environmental indicators: utility in meeting regulatory needs. An
overview
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ecosystem management; environmental indicators; marine strategy;
overview; regulation
ID ECOSYSTEM INDICATORS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; PERSPECTIVE; FRAMEWORK;
CRITERIA; SUPPORT; HEALTH
AB The utility of environmental indicators in meeting regulatory needs was addressed at an international symposium held in November 2007. This paper summarizes the attributes and range of uses of indicators and highlights key points from theme sessions and a workshop on unifying concepts. The symposium attracted regulators and scientists, who supported the need to promote dialogue during the construction of indicator-based management frameworks and at key stages towards operational use. Scientists expressed willingness to engage with the wider societal context for indicator applications, which is essential to the development of ecosystem-based management. For the latter to be effective, more effort is needed to combine indicators with thresholds to guide management actions and, in the process, to assess the full range of consequences of non-compliance. There are clear benefits to periodic interdisciplinary reviews of progress in this area, and a follow-up event with a regulatory emphasis is suggested.
C1 [Hylland, Ketil] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
[Rees, Hubert L.; Ware, Suzanne] Cefas Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
[Hyland, Jeffrey L.] NOAA Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Clarke, Colleen S. L. Mercer] Dalhousie Univ, Interdisciplinary Studies, Waterloo, ON N2T 2J4, Canada.
[Roff, John C.] Acadia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
RP Hylland, K (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
EM k.d.e.hylland@bio.uio.no
FU Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK); European
Environment Agency; EU Euroceans Network; Helsinki Commission;
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; Oslo/Paris Commission; Cefas
(UK); DHI (Denmark); ILVO (Belgium); Wageningen IMARES (the Netherlands)
FX In addition to the main sponsor of the symposium ( ICES), sponsorship by
the following organizations and institutes is gratefully acknowledged:
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK), European
Environment Agency, EU Euroceans Network, Helsinki Commission,
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the Oslo/Paris Commission,
Cefas ( UK), DHI (Denmark), ILVO (Belgium), and Wageningen IMARES (the
Netherlands). We also thank the conveners/steering committee members (
E. Jagtman, H. Hillewaert, J. H. Andersen, and S. Kirby), members of the
scientific committee ( R. Fryer, E. McManus, and G. J. Piet), and the
symposium secretariat ( J. Field and J. D. Eggleton).
NR 50
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 9
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 8
BP 1381
EP 1386
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn153
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 359GO
UT WOS:000259974600001
ER
PT J
AU Hati, A
Nelson, CW
Taylor, J
Ashby, N
Howe, DA
AF Hati, A.
Nelson, C. W.
Taylor, J.
Ashby, N.
Howe, D. A.
TI Cancellation of Vibration-Induced Phase Noise in Optical Fibers
SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Optical fiber; optoelectronic oscillator (OEO); phase noise; vibration
sensitivity
ID OPTOELECTRONIC OSCILLATOR; ACCELERATION SENSITIVITY
AB Vibration causes mechanical distortions in optical fibers that induce phase fluctuations in the transmitted optical signal. Information encoded on the optical signal by modulation, such as in a radio-frequency (RF)-photonic link also degrades. A feed-forward correction technique is described that enables 20 dB or more cancellation of vibration-induced phase fluctuations in an optical fiber wound on a spool. The scheme is also applied to an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). The OEO has emerged as an excellent low-noise source that rivals the best electronic RF oscillators over a broad range of offset frequencies. However, close-to-carrier spectral purity of an OEO is degraded mostly by the vibration-induced phase fluctuations in optical fibers when the temperature is held constant. Implementation of feed-forward phase correction in an OEO has shown improvement by almost an order of magnitude in the vibration sensitivity of the oscillator.
C1 [Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.; Taylor, J.; Ashby, N.; Howe, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hati, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM archita@boulder.nist.gov
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA). The authors are with the National Institute of
Standards and Technology.
NR 14
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 10
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1041-1135
J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L
JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 21-24
BP 1842
EP 1844
DI 10.1109/LPT.2008.2004697
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA 385XV
UT WOS:000261847800030
ER
PT J
AU Williams, PA
Dennis, T
Coddington, L
Swann, WC
Newbury, NR
AF Williams, P. A.
Dennis, T.
Coddington, L.
Swann, W. C.
Newbury, N. R.
TI Vector Signal Characterization of High-Speed Optical Components by Use
of Linear Optical Sampling With Milliradian Resolution
SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Differential phase-shift keying (DPSK); linear optical sampling (LOS);
optical phase monitoring
ID MODULATORS
AB We demonstrate linear optical sampling measurements optimized for characterization of the signals produced by optical components. By sampling the optical electric field before and after the component, we isolate the full vector field (phase and amplitude) of the signal separate from the input laser drift. Synchronization or the low-jitter mode-locked sampling laser (e.g., frequency comb) with the modulation rate allows measurement of the phase with milliradian noise. As a demonstration, we measure 10-Gb/s differential phase-shift keying modulated data with several different lasers. The technique is readily scalable to systems of much higher bandwidth.
C1 [Williams, P. A.; Dennis, T.; Coddington, L.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Williams, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM pwilliam@boulder.nist.gov
NR 10
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1041-1135
J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L
JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 21-24
BP 2007
EP 2009
DI 10.1109/LPT.2008.2005787
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA 385XV
UT WOS:000261847800084
ER
PT J
AU Wu, XX
Christen, L
Zhang, B
Peng, WR
Yang, JY
Zhang, L
Nuccio, SR
Paraschis, L
Jargon, JA
Willner, A
AF Wu, Xiaoxia
Christen, Louis
Zhang, Bo
Peng, Wei-Ren
Yang, Jeng-Yuan
Zhang, Lin
Nuccio, Scott R.
Paraschis, Loukas
Jargon, Jeffrey A.
Willner, Alan
TI Synchronization Monitoring of I/Q Data and Pulse Carving Misalignment
for a Parallel-Type RZ-DQPSK Transmitter by Measuring RF Clock Tone/Low
Frequency Power
SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Fiber-optics communications; return-to-zero differential quadrature
phase-shift-keying (RZ-DQPSK)
ID DPSK SYSTEMS; DATA MODULATOR; CARVER
AB We experimentally demonstrate a technique for monitoring the time misalignment of in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) data streams and pulse carver/data in a 20-Gb/s return-to-zero differential quadrature phase-shift-keying (RZ-DQPSK) transmitter. By measuring the radio-frequency clock-tone power at 10 GHz and low frequency power at 600 MHz, a monitoring power dynamic range of 18 dB is obtained for I/Q data misalignment and 6 dB is shown for carver/data misalignment. With the monitor information, a simple feedback loop is proposed to automatically align the RZ-DQPSK transmitter.
C1 [Wu, Xiaoxia; Christen, Louis; Zhang, Bo; Peng, Wei-Ren; Yang, Jeng-Yuan; Zhang, Lin; Nuccio, Scott R.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Paraschis, Loukas] Cisco Syst, San Jose, CA 95134 USA.
[Jargon, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Wu, XX (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM xiaoxia@usc.edu
RI Zhang, Lin/E-7913-2011
OI Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-0545-1110
FU Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST); Cisco Systems
FX This work was supported by the Department of Commerce, National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and Cisco Systems.
NR 7
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1041-1135
J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L
JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 21-24
BP 2138
EP 2140
DI 10.1109/LPT.2008.2007503
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA 385XV
UT WOS:000261847800126
ER
PT J
AU Holloway, CL
Hill, DA
Sandroni, M
Ladbury, JM
Coder, J
Koepke, G
Marvin, AC
He, YH
AF Holloway, Christopher L.
Hill, David A.
Sandroni, Marco
Ladbury, John M.
Coder, Jason
Koepke, Galen
Marvin, Andrew C.
He, Yuhui
TI Use of Reverberation Chambers to Determine the Shielding Effectiveness
of Physically Small, Electrically Large Enclosures and Cavities
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Circular apertures; reverberation chamber; shielding effectiveness (SE);
small cavities; small enclosure
ID FIELDS
AB With the proliferation of small electric devices in recent years, along with various other applications, there is a growing need to test and determine the shielding properties or shielding effectiveness (SE) of physically small (but electrically large) enclosures or cavities. In this paper, we discuss how a reverberation chamber technique can be used to measure the SE of such enclosures. The approach consists of placing the small enclosure inside a reverberation chamber and using frequency stirring to excite the reverberation chamber. A small surface probe (i.e., a monopole) is mounted on the inside wall of the small enclosure to measure the power level inside the small enclosure. We present measured data from various other reverberation chamber approaches obtained from various enclosure configurations. The data from these other reverberation chamber approaches are used to validate the proposed approach. We also compared measured data to theoretical calculations of the SE for two small enclosures with circular apertures. These various comparisons illustrate that the proposed technique is a valid approach for determining the SE of physically small (i.e., cubic enclosure dimensions of the order of 0.1 m and smaller), but electrically large enclosures (that support several modes at the lowest frequency of interest).
C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Hill, David A.; Sandroni, Marco; Ladbury, John M.; Coder, Jason; Koepke, Galen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sandroni, Marco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Elect Engn, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
[Marvin, Andrew C.; He, Yuhui] Univ York, Dept Elect, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov
NR 25
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 2
U2 14
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 50
IS 4
BP 770
EP 782
DI 10.1109/TEMC.2008.2004580
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 381YY
UT WOS:000261573000001
ER
PT J
AU Hill, DA
AF Hill, David A.
TI Probability Density Function of Power Received in a Reverberation
Chamber
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Maximum entropy; probability density function (PDF); received power;
reverberation chamber
AB This correspondence provides a new derivation for the power received by an antenna in a reverberation chamber.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hill, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dhill@boulder.nist.gov
NR 7
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 50
IS 4
BP 1019
EP 1019
DI 10.1109/TEMC.2008.2004907
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 381YY
UT WOS:000261573000031
ER
PT J
AU Hoijer, M
Krauthauser, HG
Ladbury, J
AF Hoeijer, Magnus
Krauthaeuser, Hans Georg
Ladbury, John
TI On "Maximum Power Available to Stress Onto the Critical Component in the
Equipment Under Test When Performing a Radiated Susceptibility Test in
the Reverberation Chamber"
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Electromagnetic compatibility; electromagnetic coupling; electromagnetic
measurements; electromagnetic theory; statistics
AB We present some improvements to the paper "Maximum Power Available to Stress Onto the Critical Component in the Equipment Under Test When Performing a Radiated Susceptibility Test in the Reverberation Chamber." We also give some practical reading instructions to the paper.
C1 [Hoeijer, Magnus] Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI, S-58111 Linkoping, Sweden.
[Krauthaeuser, Hans Georg] Tech Univ Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
[Ladbury, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hoijer, M (reprint author), Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI, S-58111 Linkoping, Sweden.
RI Krauthauser, Hans Georg/B-4208-2010
NR 2
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 50
IS 4
BP 1020
EP 1020
DI 10.1109/TEMC.2008.2004614
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 381YY
UT WOS:000261573000032
ER
PT J
AU Richter, CA
Xiong, HD
Zhu, XX
Wang, WY
Stanford, VM
Hong, WK
Lee, T
Loannou, DE
Li, QL
AF Richter, Curt A.
Xiong, Hao D.
Zhu, Xiaoxiao
Wang, Wenyong
Stanford, Vincent M.
Hong, Woong-Ki
Lee, Takhee
Loannou, Dirnitris E.
Li, Qiliang
TI Metrology for the Electrical Characterization of Semiconductor Nanowires
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanoelectronics; semiconductor nanowires; test structures; 1/f noise
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; SILICON NANOWIRES; 1/F
NOISE; SUBMICROMETER MOSFETS; INTERFACE TRAPS; TELEGRAPH NOISE; GATE
STACKS; MOS DEVICES; FLUCTUATIONS
AB Nanoelectronic devices based upon self-assembled semiconductor nanowires; are excellent research tools for investigating the behavior of structures with sublithographic features as well as a promising basis for future information processing technologies. New test structures and associated electrical measurement methods are the primary metrology needs necessary to enable the development, assessment, and adoption of emerging nanowire electronics. We describe two unique approaches to successfully fabricate nanowire devices: one based upon harvesting and positioning nanowires and one based upon the direct growth of nanowires; in predefined locations. Test structures are fabricated and electronically characterized to probe the fundamental properties of chemical-vapor-deposition-grown silicon nanowires. Important information about current transport and fluctuations in materials and devices can be derived from noise measurements, and low-frequency 1/f noise has traditionally been utilized as a quality and reliability indicator for semiconductor devices. Both low-frequency 1/f noise and random telegraph signals are shown here to be powerful methods for probing trapping defects in nanoelectronic devices.
C1 [Richter, Curt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Loannou, Dirnitris E.; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Stanford, Vincent M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hong, Woong-Ki; Lee, Takhee] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea.
RP Richter, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Curt.Richter@nist.gov
RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015
OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695
FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; Ministry of Science and
Technology of Korea; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
FX This work was supported in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics
Programs. The work of W.-K. Hong and T. Lee was supported in part by the
Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea through the Proton
Accelerator User Program and in part by the Korea Science and
Engineering Foundation through the National Research Laboratory (NRL)
Program. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor M. J. Kumar.
NR 51
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 10
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9383
J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV
JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 55
IS 11
BP 3086
EP 3095
DI 10.1109/TED.2008.2005394
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 372JX
UT WOS:000260899000028
ER
PT J
AU Liou, YA
Hernandez-Pajares, M
Chandrasekar, V
Westwater, ER
AF Liou, Yuei-An
Hernandez-Pajares, Manuel
Chandrasekar, V.
Westwater, Edward R.
TI Special Section on Meteorology, Climate, Ionosphere, Geodesy, and
Reflections From the Ocean Surfaces: Studies by Radio Occultation
Methods
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Liou, Yuei-An] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Coll Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
[Hernandez-Pajares, Manuel] Tech Univ Catalonia, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
[Chandrasekar, V.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Westwater, Edward R.] NOAA CU, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ctr Environm Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Liou, YA (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Coll Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
RI 魏, 孝慈/D-1493-2012; Liou, Yuei-An/L-8116-2013
OI Liou, Yuei-An/0000-0002-8100-5529
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 46
IS 11
BP 3363
EP 3365
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2008049
PN 1
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 378GL
UT WOS:000261309100001
ER
PT J
AU Mo, T
AF Mo, Tsan
TI Postlaunch Calibration of the METOP-A Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Advance Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) measurements; instrument
calibration; lunar contamination; microwave radiometers; microwave
remote sensing; ocean brightness temperature; satellite data
ID AMSU-A; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; MODEL
AB The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) on the Meteorological Operations Platform A (METOP-A) Satellite was successfully launched in October 2006. The AMSU-A, which was provided by NOAA, is one of a new generation of total-power microwave radiometers which have been flown on the NOAA-15 to NOAA-18 Satellites since May 1998. A systematic postlaunch calibration and validation (cal/val) of the instrument performance was conducted with on-orbit data. A brief report of the postlaunch assessment of the instrument performance is presented in this paper. Scan-by-scan examination of the radiometric calibration counts is employed to confirm normal functioning of the instrument and to detect any anomalous events, such as lunar contamination (LC) in the space radiometric counts, which are detected, flagged., and corrected using an algorithm for detection and correction of LC in AMSU-A data. The correction algorithm provides a practical approach for scan-by-scan correction of the LC in AMSU-A data and improves the accuracy of operational calibration of the NOAA Level 113 data. The long-term trends of the space and warm calibration counts, channel gains, and housekeeping temperature sensors are monitored. Temperature sensitivity (or NEAT) values for individual channels are also examined. The monthly mean angular distributions of brightness temperatures from the METOP-A and NOAA-15, -16, and -18 over the tropical ocean region of 20 degrees S-20 degrees N are obtained and theoretically modeled to demonstrate that the ocean can be used as a cold reference calibration target. The establishment of a natural Earth calibration target is an important addition to the few tools available to date for cal/val of spaceborne microwave radiometers. The measured ocean brightness temperatures from the four satellites provide eight measurements across the diurnal time for a unique opportunity of studying the diurnal variation of ocean brightness temperatures which show a pattern of daytime cooling and nighttime warming.
C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Rech, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Mo, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Rech, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Mo, Tsan/F-5614-2010
NR 21
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 46
IS 11
BP 3581
EP 3600
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2001922
PN 1
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 378GL
UT WOS:000261309100020
ER
PT J
AU Stankov, BB
Cline, DW
Weber, BL
Gasiewski, AJ
Wick, GA
AF Stankov, Borislava Boba
Cline, Donald W.
Weber, Bob L.
Gasiewski, Albin J.
Wick, Gary A.
TI High-Resolution Airborne Polarimetric Microwave Imaging of Snow Cover
During the NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Airborne polarimetric scanning radiometer (PSR); beam polarization
correction; georegistration; microwave emissivity; passive microwave
remote sensing; retrieval algorithm development; snowpack; snow water
equivalent (SWE); topography; validation
ID WATER EQUIVALENT; RETRIEVAL
AB We present a detailed analysis of the airborne passive microwave remote-sensing data that were collected at a broad range of microwave bands and at a high spatial resolution during the 2002 and 2003 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). An accurate measurement of snowpack properties using passive microwave observations requires the detailed knowledge of the relationship between snowpack geophysical parameters and the upwelling polarimetric brightness signature. The principle microwave instrument used for the CLPX was the polarimetric scanning radiometer (PSR), which provided similar to 100-m resolution maps of the snow emissivity at all Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) bands during several intensive observation periods over the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The observed conditions included drought, normal snowpack, and spring snowmelt. The PSR and related ground-based observations of snowpack properties made during the 2002 and 2003 CLPX campaigns provide a comprehensive high-resolution passive microwave data set. Results show that the high-resolution PSR data exhibit emissivity modes that are similar to those observed in the historical data sets, and that the empirical relationships between the emissivity and the snow water equivalent (SWE), after the effects of macrovegetation are removed, closely match those found in the past theoretical studies. The use of the 89-GHz channel in the empirical relationships provides improved accuracy under dry snow conditions and a small SWE; however, the variability of the SWE-emissivity relationships increases with an increasing SWE. A summary of the observed relationships between the emissivity spectra of snow and snowpack properties is presented. Comparison of the total water content from the AMSR-E and PSR observations shows that the satellite measurements underestimated the total volume of water storage from airborne observations on the average by a factor of five.
C1 [Cline, Donald W.] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, NOAA, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA.
[Weber, Bob L.; Gasiewski, Albin J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Stankov, BB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM B.Boba.Stankov@noaa.gov
NR 25
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 46
IS 11
BP 3672
EP 3693
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000625
PN 2
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 378GJ
UT WOS:000261308900002
ER
PT J
AU Vogel, RL
Privette, JL
Yu, Y
AF Vogel, Ronald L.
Privette, Jeffrey L.
Yu, Yunyue
TI Creating Proxy VIIRS Data From MODIS: Spectral Transformations for Mid-
and Thermal-Infrared Bands
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Infrared; remote sensing; simulation; visible-infrared imager-radiometer
suite (VIIRS)
ID TERRESTRIAL MATERIALS; ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW; EMISSIVITY
AB Prior to the launch of a new satellite, simulated sensor data are often desired to develop and test the new sensors and algorithms. Ideally, these data closely approximate the data that will be collected on-orbit. Although radiative-transfer models can be employed for this purpose, all models have biases, and none can completely mimic the complex heterogeneity of Earth's environmental system. An alternative approach is to derive "proxy" data sets by transforming real observations collected from past or current sensors. Proxy data inherently contain both natural Earth radiation characteristics and sensor noise as the data from the new sensor will. In preparation for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) and NPOESS Preparatory Project missions, we developed a methodology to create proxy data for the mid- and thermal-infrared bands of the Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Specifically, by combining radiative-transfer modeling and data from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), we developed spectral transformation equations to convert real Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data into proxy VIIRS data. The functional forms of the equations were determined through regression analysis. Typically, the best spectral transformation equation for a given VIIRS band was a function of multiple MODIS bands, sensor/solar geometry, and surface type. All transformation equations are for clear-sky conditions. Our daytime midinfrared transformation equations have an accuracy that is below the predicted sensor noise for all surface types. Our thermal-infrared equations over land are most accurate for vegetated covers; our ocean equations are accurate for most bands. Validation of this approach with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer suggests that this method may provide higher accuracy proxy data than other methods. Although the advantage in using AIRS is its hyperspectral design, allowing simulation of MODIS and VIIRS bands, its coarse spatial resolution presented a disadvantage in identifying pure land-cover and cloud-free pixels for generating the equation coefficients. Our primary intent with this paper is to offer a methodology for consideration by other sensor teams. Our provisional MODIS-to-VIIRS spectral transformation equations are included for some example surface types.
C1 [Vogel, Ronald L.; Yu, Yunyue] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, IM Syst Grp, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Privette, Jeffrey L.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
RP Vogel, RL (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, IM Syst Grp, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Ronald.Vogel@noaa.gov; Jeff.Privette@noaa.gov; Yunyue.Yu@noaa.gov
RI Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010
OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894;
FU NPOESS Preparatory Project Science Office, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center
FX Manuscript received October 15, 2007; revised February 1, 2008. Current
version published October 30, 2008. This work was Supported by the
NPOESS Preparatory Project Science Office, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center. The manuscript
contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a
statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S.
Government.
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 46
IS 11
BP 3768
EP 3782
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.923320
PN 2
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 378GJ
UT WOS:000261308900009
ER
PT J
AU Davies, JE
Bennett, LH
Della Torre, E
Choi, BC
Piramanayagam, SN
Girgis, E
AF Davies, Joseph E.
Bennett, Larry H.
Della Torre, Edward
Choi, B. C.
Piramanayagam, S. N.
Girgis, Emad
TI Interactions in Nanoscale Arrays of Soft Magnetic Bi-Layers
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag)
CY MAY 04-08, 2008
CL Madrid, SPAIN
DE Hysteresis modeling; patterned magnetic arrays; Preisach model; soft
magnetic bi-layers
ID COUPLED COMPOSITE MEDIA
AB Magnetic bi-layers are becoming increasingly popular as a medium for perpendicular patterned media. In order to understand the net interactions between the layers and between adjacent magnetic elements in an array, we use a coupled Preisach model to model the hysteresis loops we measured for a sample consisting two magnetically soft layers of FeCoTaZr, separated by an 0.8-nm Ru spacer layer. The model reproduces the major hysteresis loop to decent agreement. The model was then decoupled to reveal the reversal behavior of the individual layers. This paper demonstrates that coupled Preisach modeling of the hysteresis loop is an effective tool to analyze such interacting material systems.
C1 [Davies, Joseph E.; Bennett, Larry H.; Della Torre, Edward] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bennett, Larry H.; Della Torre, Edward] George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Choi, B. C.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
[Piramanayagam, S. N.] Data Storage Inst, Singapore 117608, Singapore.
[Girgis, Emad] Natl Res Ctr, Dept Solid State Phys, Cairo 11325, Egypt.
RP Davies, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joe.davies@nist.gov
RI Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008; Piramanayagam, SN/A-4192-2008
OI Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371; Piramanayagam,
SN/0000-0002-3178-2960
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 44
IS 11
BP 2722
EP 2725
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001521
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 391GG
UT WOS:000262221200070
ER
PT J
AU Park, J
Watson, SM
Furjanic, CA
Draganova, DK
Carey, MJ
Borchers, JA
Chen, CY
Sparks, PD
Eckert, JC
AF Park, Jun
Watson, Shannon M.
Furjanic, Caitlin A.
Draganova, Dariya K.
Carey, Matthew J.
Borchers, Julie A.
Chen, Chih-Yung
Sparks, Patricia D.
Eckert, James C.
TI Probing the Effect of Structural Roughness on Domain Wall Formation in
Spin Valves Using the Offspecular Reflectivity Technique
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag)
CY MAY 04-08, 2008
CL Madrid, SPAIN
DE Giant magnetoresistance; magnetic domains; magnetic thin films; spin
valves
ID MULTILAYERS
AB A previous polarized neutron reflectivity study of IrMn-based spin valves demonstrated that domain wall formation during training is influenced by the thickness of the ferromagnetic pinned layer. However, magnetoresistance measurements and x-ray reflectivity of spin valves with the same nominal structure revealed that sample roughness may also affect the characteristics of the exchange bias, and thus the type of domain walls that develop. To probe the interplay between structural roughness and domain formation, we measured diffuse neutron scattering from a sample with a thick pinned layer (15 nm) and extracted the field evolution of the in-plane correlation length. At saturation, the correlation length was estimated to be 750 +/- 50 nm and originates from magnetic roughness. The correlation length at intermediate fields decreases to 340 nm or less and signifies the formation of in-plane domains. These results suggest that structural roughness enhances the formation of perpendicular domain walls during training.
C1 [Park, Jun; Furjanic, Caitlin A.; Draganova, Dariya K.; Chen, Chih-Yung; Sparks, Patricia D.; Eckert, James C.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
[Watson, Shannon M.; Borchers, Julie A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Carey, Matthew J.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA.
RP Eckert, JC (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
EM eckert@hmc.edu
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 44
IS 11
BP 2839
EP 2841
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002002
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 391GG
UT WOS:000262221200100
ER
PT J
AU Pong, PWT
Schmoueli, M
Egelhoff, WF
AF Pong, Philip W. T.
Schmoueli, Moshe
Egelhoff, William F., Jr.
TI Effect of Plasma Oxidation on Pre-Oxidized Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag)
CY MAY 04-08, 2008
CL Madrid, SPAIN
DE Intermixing; magnetic tunnel junction; orange-peel coupling; plasma
oxidation; pre-oxidation
AB The technique of pre-oxidation of the bottom CoFe electrode prior to deposition of Al(2)O(3) was previously shown to be capable of suppressing intermixing at the ferromagnet/Al interface and removing partial shorts near Al grain boundaries. In this paper, we studied the influence of the plasma oxidation on the pre-oxidized magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). In general, the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is independent-of the plasma oxidation time whereas the resistance-area product (RA) increases with it. However, for the pre-oxidized MTJs with very thin Al(2)O(3) (At thickness < 0.7 nm prior to plasma oxidation), the TMR decreases with plasma oxidation while the RA increases with it.
C1 [Pong, Philip W. T.; Schmoueli, Moshe; Egelhoff, William F., Jr.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ppong@nist.gov
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 44
IS 11
BP 2911
EP 2913
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001329
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 391GG
UT WOS:000262221200119
ER
PT J
AU Provenzano, V
Zhang, TB
Shapiro, A
Chen, YG
Shull, RD
AF Provenzano, Virgil
Zhang, Tiebang
Shapiro, Alexander
Chen, Y. G.
Shull, Robert D.
TI Magnetocaloric Properties and Structure of the
Gd(5)Ge(1.8)Si(1.8)Sn(0.4)Compund
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG)
CY MAY 04-08, 2008
CL Madrid, SPAIN
DE Field-induced transition; hysteresis losses; magnetocaloric properties;
Sn-doped GdGeSi compound
ID GD5GE2SI2
AB In this study the magnetic properties and the structure of Gd5Ge1.8Si1.8Sn0.4 alloy were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and magnetometry. The concentration of the Sn-doping in this study is four times that used in previous studies examining the magnetocaloric properties of the Gd5Ge2Si2 compound doped with different metal additives. In the earlier studies it was shown the addition of about one atom percent of either Fe, Cu, Co, Ga, Mn, or Al nearly eliminated the large hysteresis losses present in the undoped Gd5Ge2Si2 compound between 270 K and 300 K. Also, these metal additives affected the characteristics Delta S-m versus T peak, resulting in a significant increase in the refrigeration capacity of the material, if the hysteresis losses are taken into account. By contrast, the same amount of either Sn or Bi had much smaller effects on both the hysteresis losses and the characteristics of the Delta S-m versus T peak. In this study, a larger amount of Sn doping had a limited effect on the hysteresis losses and characteristics of the Delta S-m versus T peak of Gd5Ge2Si2. But, most importantly, it resulted in a different microstructure compared to the compound with smaller Sn addition. The implications of the larger Sn doping on both the magnetocaloric properties and structure of the Gd5Ge2Si2 compound are discussed.
C1 [Provenzano, Virgil; Zhang, Tiebang; Shapiro, Alexander; Shull, Robert D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhang, Tiebang; Chen, Y. G.] Sichuan Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
RP Provenzano, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM virgil.provenzano@nist.gov
RI Zhang, Tiebang/F-5175-2010; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 44
IS 11
BP 3048
EP 3051
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002789
PN 1
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 391GG
UT WOS:000262221200154
ER
PT J
AU Eastwood, DS
Egelhoff, WF
Tanner, BK
AF Eastwood, David S.
Egelhoff, William F., Jr.
Tanner, Brian K.
TI The Role of Preoxidation on the Interface Structure of Co/MgO
Multilayers
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag)
CY MAY 04-08, 2008
CL Madrid, SPAIN
DE Grazing incidence X-ray scattering; multilayers; orange-peel coupling;
preoxidation
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SURFACES
AB It has previously been reported that preoxidation of the bottom electrode prior to deposition of the Al(2)O(3) or MgO barrier in magnetic tunnel junctions acts to suppress orange-peel coupling between Co electrodes. Here, we present specular and diffuse X-ray scattering measurements from Co/MgO multilayer repeat structures which suggest that this drop arises from a reduction in the in-plane correlation length of the roughness at the electrode-barrier interface rather than reduction in roughness amplitude.
C1 [Eastwood, David S.; Tanner, Brian K.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham, England.
[Egelhoff, William F., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Eastwood, DS (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham, England.
EM d.s.east-wood@durham.ac.uk
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 44
IS 11
BP 3594
EP 3596
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2003243
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 391GH
UT WOS:000262221300059
ER
PT J
AU Blanchard, PT
Bertness, KA
Harvey, TE
Mansfield, LM
Sanders, AW
Sanford, NA
AF Blanchard, Paul T.
Bertness, Kris A.
Harvey, Todd E.
Mansfield, Lorelle M.
Sanders, Aric W.
Sanford, Norman A.
TI MESFETs Made From Individual GaN Nanowires
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE GaN; MESFETs; nanowires; Schottky barriers; Schottky diodes
ID SCHOTTKY DIODES; BARRIER HEIGHTS; HIGH-POWER; FABRICATION; CONTACTS;
GROWTH
AB In this paper, we demonstrate novel MESFETs based on individual GaN nanowires. The Pt/Au Schottky gates exhibited excellent two-terminal Schottky diode rectification behavior. The average effective Schottky barrier height was 0.87 eV, with an average ideality factor of 1.6. In addition, the Schottky gates efficiently modulated the conduction of the nanowires. The threshold gate voltages required for complete pinch off were as small as -2.6 V, and transconductances exceeded 1.4 mu S. Subthreshold swings approaching 60 mV/decade and ON/OFF current ratios of up to 5 x 10(8) were achieved. These results show that the Schottky gate has the potential to significantly improve the performance of GaN nanowire field-effect devices.
C1 [Blanchard, Paul T.; Bertness, Kris A.; Harvey, Todd E.; Mansfield, Lorelle M.; Sanders, Aric W.; Sanford, Norman A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Blanchard, PT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM paulb@boulder.nist.gov; bertness@boulder.nist.gov;
sanford@boulder.nist.gov
NR 31
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1536-125X
EI 1941-0085
J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL
JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 7
IS 6
BP 760
EP 765
DI 10.1109/TNANO.2008.2005492
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 393HM
UT WOS:000262364400015
ER
PT J
AU Shulver, BJR
Bunting, AS
Gundlach, AM
Haworth, LI
Ross, AWS
Smith, S
Snell, AJ
Stevenson, JTM
Walton, AJ
Allen, R
Cresswell, MW
AF Shulver, Byron J. R.
Bunting, Andrew S.
Gundlach, Alan M.
Haworth, Les I.
Ross, Alan W. S.
Smith, Stewart
Snell, Anthony J.
Stevenson, J. T. M.
Walton, Anthony J.
Allen, Richard
Cresswell, Michael W.
TI Extraction of Sheet Resistance and Line Width From All-Copper ECD Test
Structures Fabricated From Silicon Preforms
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures
CY MAR 19-22, 2007
CL Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall, Tokyo, JAPAN
SP Assoc Promot Elec, Elec & Informat Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, VLSI Design & Educ Ctr
HO Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall
DE Copper; critical dimension (CD); electrical critical dimension (ECD);
electrical test structure; line width; metrology
ID ELECTRICAL LINEWIDTH; CALIBRATION
AB Test structures have been fabricated to allow electrical critical dimensions (ECD) to be extracted from copper features with dimensions comparable to those replicated in integrated circuit (IC) interconnect systems. The implementation of these structures is such that no conductive barrier metal has been used. The advantage of this approach is that the electrical measurements provide a nondestructive and efficient method for determining critical dimension (CD) values and for enabling fundamental studies of electron transport in narrow copper features unaffected by the complications of barrier metal films. This paper reports on the results of tests which have been conducted to evaluate various extraction methods for sheet resistance and line width values from the current design.
C1 [Bunting, Andrew S.; Gundlach, Alan M.; Haworth, Les I.; Ross, Alan W. S.; Smith, Stewart; Snell, Anthony J.; Stevenson, J. T. M.; Walton, Anthony J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Scottish Microelect Ctr, Inst Integrated Micro & Nano Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Allen, Richard; Cresswell, Michael W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shulver, BJR (reprint author), Natl Semicond UK, Larkfield Ind Estate, Greenock PA16 0EQ, Scotland.
EM byron.shulver@nsc.com
RI Walton, Anthony/A-1550-2010; Walton, Anthony/B-9108-2009; Bunting,
Andrew/L-2357-2013; Smith, Stewart/C-1178-2008
OI Bunting, Andrew/0000-0001-5104-145X; Smith, Stewart/0000-0002-7004-9219
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0894-6507
EI 1558-2345
J9 IEEE T SEMICONDUCT M
JI IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 4
BP 495
EP 503
DI 10.1109/TSM.2008.2004312
PG 9
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 372JY
UT WOS:000260899100002
ER
PT J
AU Voorhees, EM
AF Voorhees, Ellen M.
TI On test collections for adaptive information retrieval
SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Cranfield; Retrieval evaluation; Test collections
ID RELEVANCE
AB Traditional Cranfield test collections represent an abstraction of a retrieval task that Sparck Jones calls the "core competency" of retrieval: a task that is necessary, but not sufficient, for user retrieval tasks. The abstraction facilitates research by controlling for (some) sources of variability, thus increasing the power of experiments that compare system effectiveness while reducing their cost. However, even within the highly-abstracted case of the Cranfield paradigm, meta-analysis demonstrates that the user/topic effect is greater than the system effect, so experiments must include a relatively large number of topics to distinguish systems' effectiveness. The evidence further suggests that changing the abstraction slightly to include just a bit more characterization of the user will result in a dramatic loss of power or increase in cost of retrieval experiments. Defining a new, feasible abstraction for supporting adaptive IR research will require winnowing the list of all possible factors that can affect retrieval behavior to a minimum number of essential factors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Voorhees, EM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ellen.voorhees@nist.gov
RI Voorhees, Ellen/D-1755-2013
NR 22
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0306-4573
J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG
JI Inf. Process. Manage.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 44
IS 6
SI SI
BP 1879
EP 1885
DI 10.1016/j.ipm.2007.12.011
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library
Science
SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science
GA 375LC
UT WOS:000261114400005
ER
PT J
AU Iadicola, MA
Foecke, T
Banovic, SW
AF Iadicola, M. A.
Foecke, T.
Banovic, S. W.
TI Experimental observations of evolving yield loci in biaxially strained
AA5754-O
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mechanical testing; Anisotropic materials; Microstructures;
Polycrystalline material; Metallic material
ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY SHEETS; STRESS; DEFORMATION; SIMULATIONS; FORMABILITY;
PRESSURE
AB Experimental measurement of the plastic biaxial mechanical response for an aluminum alloy (AA5754-O) sheet metal is presented. Traditional methods of multiaxial sheet metal testing require the use of finite element analysis (FEA) or other assumptions of material response to determine the multiaxial true stress versus true strain behavior of the as-received sheet material. The method used here strives to produce less ambiguous measurements of data for a larger strain range than previously possible, through a combination of the Marciniak flat bottom ram test and an X-ray diffraction technique for stress measurement. The study is performed in conjunction with a study of the microstructural changes that occur during deformation, and these microstructural results are briefly mentioned in this work. Issues of calibration and applicability are discussed, and results are presented for uniaxial (U), plane strain (PS), and balanced biaxial (BB) extension. The results show repeatable behavior (within quantified uncertainties) for U to 20%, PS to almost 15%, and BB to above 20% in-plane strains. The results are first compared with three common yield locus models (von Mises', Hill'48, and Hosford'79), and show some unexpected results in the shape change of the yield locus at high strain levels (>5% strain). These changes include the rotation of the locus toward the von Mises surface and elongation in the balanced biaxial direction. Comparison with a more complex yield locus model (Yld2000-2d with eight adjustable parameters) showed that the locus elongation in the biaxial direction could be fit well (for a specific level of work), but at the detriment of fit to the plane strain data. Artificially large plastic strain ratios would be needed to match both the biaxial and plane strain behavior even with this more complex model. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Iadicola, M. A.; Foecke, T.; Banovic, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mark.iadicola@nist.gov
NR 22
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0749-6419
J9 INT J PLASTICITY
JI Int. J. Plast.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 11
BP 2084
EP 2101
DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.03.003
PG 18
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 367IP
UT WOS:000260546000006
ER
PT J
AU Stoudt, MR
AF Stoudt, Mark R.
TI Magnesium: Applications and advanced processing in the automotive
industry
SO JOM
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NIST, Ctr Met Forming, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Met Forming, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 1
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1047-4838
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 11
BP 56
EP 56
DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0149-1
PG 1
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
Mining & Mineral Processing
GA 372BX
UT WOS:000260877500009
ER
PT J
AU Sharpless, KE
Duewer, DL
AF Sharpless, Katherine E.
Duewer, David L.
TI Standard Reference Materials for Analysis of Dietary Supplements
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
ID UNCERTAINTY; CERTIFICATION; BIAS
AB National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health-Office of Dietary Supplements and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, is producing Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for dietary supplements. These and other natural-matrix SRMs should be used in method validation, characterization of in-house quality control materials, and to establish traceability.
C1 [Sharpless, Katherine E.; Duewer, David L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sharpless, KE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM katherine.sharpless@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 7
PU AOAC INT
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 91
IS 6
BP 1298
EP 1302
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 389TU
UT WOS:000262118200009
PM 19202789
ER
PT J
AU Prat, OP
Barros, AP
Williams, CR
AF Prat, Olivier P.
Barros, Ana P.
Williams, Christopher R.
TI An Intercomparison of Model Simulations and VPR Estimates of the
Vertical Structure of Warm Stratiform Rainfall during TWP-ICE
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; JOSS-WALDVOGEL DISDROMETER; DIMENSIONAL
SHAFT MODELS; DOPPLER RADAR; COLLECTION-BREAKUP; PULSATING RAIN; PULSE
RAIN; SPECTRA; EVOLUTION; COLLISION
AB A model of rain shaft microphysics that solves the stochastic advection-coalescence-breakup equation in an atmospheric column was used to simulate the evolution of a stratiform rainfall event during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) in Darwin, Australia. For the first time, a dynamic simulation of the evolution of the drop spectra within a one-dimensional rain shaft is performed using realistic boundary conditions retrieved from real rain events. Droplet size distribution (DSD) retrieved from vertically pointing radar (VPR) measurements are sequentially imposed at the top of the rain shaft as boundary conditions to emulate a realistic rain event. Time series of model profiles of integral parameters such as reflectivity, rain rate, and liquid water content were subsequently compared with estimates retrieved from vertically pointing radars and Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD) observations. Results obtained are within the VPR retrieval uncertainty estimates. Besides evaluating the model's ability to capture the dynamical evolution of the DSD within the rain shaft, a case study was conducted to assess the potential use of the model as a physically based interpolator to improve radar retrieval at low levels in the atmosphere. Numerical results showed that relative improvements on the order of 90% in the estimation of rain rate and liquid water content can be achieved close to the ground where the VPR estimates are less reliable. These findings raise important questions with regard to the importance of bin resolution and the lack of sensitivity for small raindrop size (< 0.03 cm) in the interpretation of JWD data, and the implications of using disdrometer data to calibrate radar algorithms.
C1 [Prat, Olivier P.; Barros, Ana P.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Barros, AP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 90287,2457 CIEMAS Fitzpatrick Bldg, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
EM barros@duke.edu
RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Barros,
Ana/A-3562-2011
OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; Williams,
Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Barros, Ana/0000-0003-4606-3106
FU NASA [NNX07AK40G, NNX07AN32G]
FX This research was supported in part by NASA Grant NNX07AK40G with the
second author. The third author was supported in part by NASA
Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) Grant NNX07AN32G and in part by
NOAA's contribution toward the NASA PMM program. The Darwin 50-MHz
profiler is owned and operated by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology
(BOM). The Darwin 920-MHz profiler is owned by NOAA and is maintained
and operated by BOM. The profiler and disdrometer observations collected
during TWP-ICE were supported by the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring
Mission (TRMM) and BOM. The authors express their gratitude to Dr. V.
Chandrasekar from Colorado State University for valuable and insightful
suggestions in the latest stage of this work and to Dr. Greg McFarquhar
from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and an anonymous
reviewer for their valuable and constructive comments.
NR 40
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 11
BP 2797
EP 2815
DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1801.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 374VR
UT WOS:000261072300004
ER
PT J
AU Finn, D
Clawson, KL
Carter, RG
Rich, JD
Allwine, KJ
AF Finn, Dennis
Clawson, Kirk L.
Carter, Roger G.
Rich, Jason D.
Allwine, K. Jerry
TI Plume Dispersion Anomalies in a Nocturnal Urban Boundary Layer in
Complex Terrain
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MOUNTAIN BASIN COMPLEX; AVENUE STREET CANYON; SALT-LAKE-CITY; LOW-LEVEL
JET; OKLAHOMA-CITY; TURBULENCE STATISTICS; DOPPLER LIDAR; AIR-QUALITY;
DOWN-VALLEY; WIND-FIELD
AB The URBAN 2000 experiments were conducted in the complex urban and topographical terrain in Salt Lake City, Utah, in stable nighttime conditions. Unexpected plume dispersion often arose because of the interaction of complex terrain and mountain-valley flow dynamics, drainage flows, synoptic influences, and urban canopy effects, all within a nocturnal boundary layer. It was found that plume dispersion was strongly influenced by topography, that dispersion can be significantly different than what might be expected based upon the available wind data, and that it is problematic to rely on any one urban-area wind measurement to predict or anticipate dispersion. Small-scale flows can be very important in dispersion, and their interaction with the larger-scale flow field needs to be carefully considered. Some of the anomalies observed include extremely slow dispersion, complicated recirculation dispersion patterns in which plume transport was in directions opposed to the measured winds, and flow decoupling. Some of the plume dispersion anomalies could only be attributed to small-scale winds that were not resolved by the existing meteorological monitoring network. The results shown will make clear the difficulties in modeling or planning for emergency response to toxic releases in a nocturnal urban boundary layer within complex terrain.
C1 [Finn, Dennis; Clawson, Kirk L.; Carter, Roger G.; Rich, Jason D.] NOAA, ARLFRD, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA.
[Allwine, K. Jerry] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Finn, D (reprint author), NOAA, ARLFRD, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA.
EM dennis.finn@noaa.gov
RI Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016; Finn, Dennis/C-3204-2016
OI Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607;
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U. S. Dept. of Energy's
Chemical and Biological National Security Program [DE-A101-01NN20120];
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Department of Defense (DOD)
FX We acknowledge the efforts of the many people who contributed to the
execution of the URBAN 2000 study and made possible the analyses
contained in this manuscript. In particular we thank Debbie Lacroix, Dr.
Tami Grimmett, Neil Hukari, Brad Reese, Dr. Jeff French, Randy Johnson,
the late Dr. Timothy Crawford, Wayne Hooker, and Tom Strong from ARLFRD
who helped with instrument preparation, data collection, chemical
analyses, and report preparation. We also thank Jim Bowers of the U. S.
Army Dugway Proving Ground, Dr. Joe Shinn of the Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, and Dr. Gerald Streit and their staffs for their
cooperation and assistance in making this project a success. We also
acknowledge the assistance of local and state officials including Cindy
Clark (Utah Automated Geographic Reference Center), Nick Kryger (Public
Works Department of Salt Lake City), and Mark Miller (Salt Lake County
Surveyor's Office). This project was supported by the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, by the U. S. Dept. of Energy's Chemical
and Biological National Security Program under Interagency Agreement
DE-A101-01NN20120, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) of the
Department of Defense (DOD). The DOD Military Interdepartmental Purchase
Request number was MIPR5KDPG87101.
NR 52
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 11
BP 2857
EP 2878
DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1864.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 374VR
UT WOS:000261072300008
ER
PT J
AU Yang, FL
Mitchell, K
Hou, YT
Dai, YJ
Zeng, XB
Wang, Z
Liang, XZ
AF Yang, Fanglin
Mitchell, Kenneth
Hou, Yu-Tai
Dai, Yongjiu
Zeng, Xubin
Wang, Zhuo
Liang, Xin-Zhong
TI Dependence of Land Surface Albedo on Solar Zenith Angle: Observations
and Model Parameterization
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; FORECAST SYSTEM; CLIMATE; MODIS; BRDF; PROGRAM
AB This study examines the dependence of surface albedo on solar zenith angle (SZA) over snow-free land surfaces using the intensive observations of surface shortwave fluxes made by the U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Surface Radiation Budget Network (SURFRAD) in 1997-2005. Results are used to evaluate the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast Systems (GFS) parameterization and several new parameterizations derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The influence of clouds on surface albedo and the albedo difference between morning and afternoon observations are also investigated. A new approach is taken to partition the observed upward flux so that the direct-beam and diffuse albedos can be separately computed. The study focused first on the ARM Southern Great Plains Central Facility site. It is found that the diffuse albedo prescribed in the NCEP GFS matched closely with the observations. The direct-beam albedo parameterized in the GFS is largely underestimated at all SZAs. The parameterizations derived from the MODIS product underestimated the direct-beam albedo at large SZAs and slightly overestimated it at small SZAs. Similar results are obtained from the analyses of observations at other stations. It is also found that the morning and afternoon dependencies of direct-beam albedo on SZA differ among the stations. Attempts are made to improve numerical model algorithms that parameterize the direct-beam albedo as a product of the direct-beam albedo at SZA = 60 degrees (or the diffuse albedo), which varies with surface type or geographical location and/or season, and a function that depends only on SZA. A method is presented for computing the direct-beam albedos over these snow-free land points without referring to a particular land-cover classification scheme, which often differs from model to model.
C1 [Yang, Fanglin; Mitchell, Kenneth; Hou, Yu-Tai] NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Yang, Fanglin] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Dai, Yongjiu] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Zeng, Xubin; Wang, Zhuo] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Yang, FL (reprint author), NCEP EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM fanglin.yang@noaa.gov
RI Dai, Yongjiu/D-1070-2010; Yang, Fanglin/A-1948-2013; Dai,
Yongjiu/D-6261-2014;
OI Dai, Yongjiu/0000-0002-3588-6644; Zeng, Xubin/0000-0001-7352-2764
FU U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program;
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
FX Fanglin Yang was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement Program and the National Centers for Environmental
Prediction.
NR 32
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 11
BP 2963
EP 2982
DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1843.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 374VR
UT WOS:000261072300014
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, G
Doviak, RJ
AF Zhang, Guifu
Doviak, Richard J.
TI Spaced-Antenna Interferometry to Detect and Locate Subvolume
Inhomogeneities of Reflectivity: An Analogy with Monopulse Radar
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS CORRELATIONS; WIND PROFILERS; SPECTRA; TURBULENCE; VELOCITY
AB The theory of spaced-antenna interferometry (SAI) is formulated to detect and locate deterministic objects and reflectivity inhomogeneities embedded within the phased-array weather radar's resolution volume V(6) and to improve weather radar performance. An analogy is made between monopulse tracking and SAI. The cross-correlation function and its power spectrum are derived based on wave scattering by a large deterministic object and clusters of randomly distributed precipitation particles. It is shown that nonuniform beam filling leads to an effective narrower beam and an increase in cross-correlation coefficient at zero lag. Hence, an individual object or a subvolume inhomogeneity can be detected and located by SAI. This capability further enhances the potential applications of phased-array weather radar used as a multi-mission system.
C1 [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Metrol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Zhang, G (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Metrol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM guzhang1@ou.edu
RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014
OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815
NR 26
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 25
IS 11
BP 1921
EP 1938
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1055.1
PG 18
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 375IR
UT WOS:000261107900002
ER
PT J
AU Li, W
Xie, YF
He, ZJ
Han, GJ
Liu, KX
Ma, JR
Li, D
AF Li, Wei
Xie, Yuanfu
He, Zhongjie
Han, Guijun
Liu, Kexiu
Ma, Jirui
Li, Dong
TI Application of the Multigrid Data Assimilation Scheme to the China Seas'
Temperature Forecast
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL; SYSTEM
AB Correlation scales have been used in the traditional scheme of three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) to estimate the background (or first guess) error covariance matrix (the B matrix in brief) for the numerical forecast and reanalysis of ocean for decades. However, it is challenging to implement this scheme. On the one hand, determining the correlation scales accurately can be difficult. On the other hand, the positive definite of the B matrix cannot be guaranteed unless the correlation scales are sufficiently small. Xie et al. indicated that a traditional 3DVAR only corrects certain wavelength errors, and its accuracy depends on the accuracy of the B matrix. Generally speaking, the shortwave error cannot be sufficiently corrected until the longwave error is corrected. An inaccurate B matrix may mistake longwave errors as shortwave ones, resulting in erroneous analyses.
A new 3DVAR data assimilation scheme, called a multigrid data assimilation scheme, is proposed in this paper for quickly minimizing longwave and shortwave errors successively. By assimilating the sea surface temperature and temperature profile observations into a numerical model of the China Seas, this scheme is applied to a retroactive real-time forecast experiment and favorable results are obtained. Compared to the traditional scheme of 3DVAR, this new scheme has higher forecast accuracy and lower root-mean-square errors. Note that the new scheme demonstrates greatly improved numerical efficiency in the analysis procedure.
C1 [Li, Wei; He, Zhongjie; Han, Guijun; Liu, Kexiu; Ma, Jirui; Li, Dong] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, State Ocean Adm, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China.
[Li, Wei; He, Zhongjie] Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China.
[Xie, Yuanfu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Ma, JR (reprint author), Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, State Ocean Adm, 93 Liuwei Rd, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China.
EM jrma@mail.nmdis.gov.cn
RI Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB816001]; National
Natural Science Foundation of China [40776016, 40476006, 40231014];
National High-Tech R&D Program of China [2006AA09Z138]; CAS Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics (LED)
FX The authors thank two reviewers for their thorough and helpful comments
and suggestions, which contributed to greatly improving the original
manuscript. The research for this paper was jointly supported by grants
of the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB816001), the
National Natural Science Foundation of China (40776016, 40476006, and
40231014), the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (2006AA09Z138),
and CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics (LED).
NR 12
TC 24
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 25
IS 11
BP 2106
EP 2116
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHO510.1
PG 11
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 375IR
UT WOS:000261107900016
ER
PT J
AU Riemer, DD
Apel, EC
Orlando, JJ
Tyndall, GS
Brune, WH
Williams, EJ
Lonneman, WA
Neece, JD
AF Riemer, Daniel D.
Apel, Eric C.
Orlando, John J.
Tyndall, Geoffrey S.
Brune, William H.
Williams, Eric J.
Lonneman, William A.
Neece, James D.
TI Unique isoprene oxidation products demonstrate chlorine atom chemistry
occurs in the Houston, Texas urban area
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Chlorine atoms; Chloromethylbutenal; Chloromethylbutenone; Isoprene;
Ozone; Urban air quality
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; OZONE FORMATION;
SOUTHERN-OXIDANTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RESPONSE FACTORS; TROPOSPHERIC OH;
FORESTED SITE; CL-ATOMS; MECHANISM
AB As part of the 2000 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS), we studied the isoprene oxidation process under ambient conditions to discern the presence of chlorine atom (Cl) chemistry in the Houston, Texas urban area. By measuring chloromethylbutenone (CMBO) and an isomer of chloromethylbutenal (CMBA), we clearly observed sixteen episodes of active Cl chemistry during the 24-day experiment. Estimated median Cl concentration during each of these episodes was between the detection limit of similar to 10(2) atoms cm(-3) and 50(-30)(+70) x 10(4) atoms cm(-3). Cl concentration during all the episodes averaged 7.6(-2.0)(+4.7) x 10(4) atoms cm(-3) and thus amounted to less than 3% of the OH concentration during the same periods. During the episodes, the fraction of oxidation chemistry initiated by Cl ranged from 3-43% and was strongly dependent on the quantity and type of hydrocarbons present in the atmosphere. Because of its intermittent presence and low concentration, Cl is not a broadly influential oxidant in the Houston, Texas urban area.
C1 [Riemer, Daniel D.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MAC, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Apel, Eric C.; Orlando, John J.; Tyndall, Geoffrey S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Williams, Eric J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Lonneman, William A.] US EPA, SEE Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Neece, James D.] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
RP Riemer, DD (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS MAC, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM driemer@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC); Texas Commission
on Environmental Quality (TCEQ); NSF; NCAR Advanced Study Program
FX D. Riemer gratefully acknowledges project support from the former Texas
Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC), now known as the Texas
Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). He also appreciates the
substantial early support provided by the NSF sponsored NCAR Advanced
Study Program. Dr. Elliot Atlas provided assistance with the GC/AED
analyses. We acknowledge the helpful suggestions by two anonymous
reviewers.
NR 47
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-7764
EI 1573-0662
J9 J ATMOS CHEM
JI J. Atmos. Chem.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 61
IS 3
BP 227
EP 242
DI 10.1007/s10874-009-9134-5
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 503ZV
UT WOS:000270582600003
ER
PT J
AU Wiens, GD
Rockey, DD
Wu, ZN
Chang, J
Levy, R
Crane, S
Chen, DS
Capri, GR
Burnett, JR
Sudheesh, PS
Schipma, MJ
Burd, H
Bhattacharyya, A
Rhodes, LD
Kaul, R
Strom, MS
AF Wiens, Gregory D.
Rockey, Daniel D.
Wu, Zaining
Chang, Jean
Levy, Ruth
Crane, Samuel
Chen, Donald S.
Capri, Gina R.
Burnett, Jeffrey R.
Sudheesh, Ponnerassery S.
Schipma, Matthew J.
Burd, Henry
Bhattacharyya, Anamitra
Rhodes, Linda D.
Kaul, Rajinder
Strom, Mark S.
TI Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum Suggests
Reductive Evolution away from an Environmental Arthrobacter Ancestor
SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; CHINOOK SALMON;
CAUSATIVE AGENT; CELL-SURFACE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PROTEIN P57;
MSA GENES; VIRULENCE; TROUT
AB Renibacterium salmoninarum is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease and a significant threat to healthy and sustainable production of salmonid fish worldwide. This pathogen is difficult to culture in vitro, genetic manipulation is challenging, and current therapies and preventative strategies are only marginally effective in preventing disease. The complete genome of R. salmoninarum ATCC 33209 was sequenced and shown to be a 3,155,250-bp circular chromosome that is predicted to contain 3,507 open-reading frames (ORFs). A total of 80 copies of three different insertion sequence elements are interspersed throughout the genome. Approximately 21% of the predicted ORFs have been inactivated via frameshifts, point mutations, insertion sequences, and putative deletions. The R. salmoninarum genome has extended regions of synteny to the Arthrobacter sp. strain FB24 and Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 genomes, but it is approximately 1.9 Mb smaller than both Arthrobacter genomes and has a lower G+C content, suggesting that significant genome reduction has occurred since divergence from the last common ancestor. A limited set of putative virulence factors appear to have been acquired via horizontal transmission after divergence of the species; these factors include capsular polysaccharides, heme sequestration molecules, and the major secreted cell surface antigen p57 (also known as major soluble antigen). Examination of the genome revealed a number of ORFs homologous to antibiotic resistance genes, including genes encoding beta-lactamases, efflux proteins, macrolide glycosyltransferases, and rRNA methyltransferases. The genome sequence provides new insights into R. salmoninarum evolution and may facilitate identification of chemotherapeutic targets and vaccine candidates that can be used for prevention and treatment of infections in cultured salmonids.
C1 [Wiens, Gregory D.] USDA ARS Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Rockey, Daniel D.; Capri, Gina R.; Burnett, Jeffrey R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Wu, Zaining; Chang, Jean; Levy, Ruth; Kaul, Rajinder] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Wu, Zaining; Chang, Jean; Levy, Ruth; Kaul, Rajinder] Univ Washington, Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Crane, Samuel; Chen, Donald S.; Sudheesh, Ponnerassery S.; Rhodes, Linda D.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Schipma, Matthew J.; Burd, Henry; Bhattacharyya, Anamitra] Integrated Gen Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
RP Strom, MS (reprint author), 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM mark.strom@noaa.gov
OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426
FU NSF/USDA Microbial Genome Sequencing Program [2004-35600-14173];
Agricultural Research Service CRIS project [1930-32000-002]; NOAA FCRPS
Biological Opinion Implementation Project; NOAA Fisheries Service
FX This project was funded by NSF/USDA Microbial Genome Sequencing Program
agreement 2004-35600-14173 awarded to M. S. S., G. D. W., and D. D. R.
G. D. W. was supported by Agricultural Research Service CRIS project
1930-32000-002 (Host-Pathogen and Environmental Interactions in Cool and
Cold Water Aquaculture). M. S. S. was also supported by the NOAA FCRPS
Biological Opinion Implementation Project and the NOAA Fisheries
Service.; We thank Eric Haugen, Donald Bovee, Karen Phelps, Regina Lim,
Will Gillett, Hillary Hayden, and Don Guenthener of the University of
Washington Genome Center for sequencing support. Mark Zabriskie of the
Oregon State University College of Pharmacy provided valuable analysis
of genes involved in secondary metabolism, and Theresa Walunas of
Integrated Genomics was instrumental in generation of genome maps and
preparation of the genome sequence for submission to GenBank. We thank
Walton W. Dickhoff for a critical review of the manuscript.; Mention of
trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of
providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or
endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the U. S.
Department of Commerce.
NR 73
TC 25
Z9 181
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0021-9193
J9 J BACTERIOL
JI J. Bacteriol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 190
IS 21
BP 6970
EP 6982
DI 10.1128/JB.00721-08
PG 13
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 361ZF
UT WOS:000260166900005
PM 18723615
ER
PT J
AU Lyman, JM
Johnson, GC
AF Lyman, John M.
Johnson, Gregory C.
TI Estimating Annual Global Upper-Ocean Heat Content Anomalies despite
Irregular In Situ Ocean Sampling
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE TRENDS; WORLD OCEAN; VARIABILITY; TOPEX/POSEIDON;
CIRCULATION; MODEL
AB The effects of irregular in situ ocena sampling on estimates of annual globally integrated uppr ocean heat content anomalies (OHCA) are investigated for sampling patterns from 1955 to 2006. An analytical method is presented for computing the effective area covered by an objective map for any given in situ sampling distribution. To evaluate the method, appropriately scaled sea surface height (SSH) anomaly maps from Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data (AVISO) are used as a proxy for OHCA from 1993 to 2006. Use of these proxy data demonstrates that the simple area integral (SI) of such an objective map for sparse datasets does not agree as well with the actual integral as the weighted integral (WI), defined as the simple integral weighted by the ratio of the total area over the "observed" area. From 1955 to 1966, in situ ocean sampling is inadequate to estimated accurately annual global integrals of the proxy upper OHCA. During this period, the SI for the sampling pattern of any given year underestimates the 13-yr trend in proxy OHCA from 1993 to 2006 by around 70%, and confidence limits for the WI are often very large. From 1967 to 2003 there appear to be sufficient data to estimate annual global integrals. Limited by the constraints of this analysis, the SI for any given years's sampling pattern still underestimates the 1993-2006 13-yr trend in the proxy by around 30%, but the WI matches the trend well with small confidence limits. For 2004 through 2006 in situ sampling, with near-global in situ Argo data coverage, the 1993-2006 13-yr trend in the proxy is equally well represented by the SI or WI.
C1 [Lyman, John M.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Lyman, JM (reprint author), NOAA, R PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM john.lyman@noaa.gov
RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012
OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020
NR 26
TC 51
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 21
BP 5629
EP 5641
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2259.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 367ZN
UT WOS:000260591200012
ER
PT J
AU Alexander, MA
Scott, JD
AF Alexander, Michael A.
Scott, James D.
TI The Role of Ekman Ocean Heat Transport in the Northern Hemisphere
Response to ENSO
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; WINTER ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EXTRATROPICAL
SST ANOMALIES; ATLANTIC CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TROPICAL
ATLANTIC; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; SCATTEROMETER WINDS
AB The influence of oceanic Ekman heat transport (Q(ek)) on air-sea variability associated with ENSO teleconnections is examined via a pair of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments. In the mixed layer model (MLM) experiment, observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the years 1950-99 are specified over the tropical Pacific, while a grid of mixed layer models is coupled to the AGCM elsewhere over the global oceans. The experimental design was used in the Ekman transport/mixed layer model (EKM) experiments with the addition of Q(ek) in the mixed layer ocean temperature equation. The ENSO signal was evaluated using differences between composites of El Nino and La Nina events averaged over the 16 ensemble members in each experiment.
In both experiments the Aleutian low deepend and the resulting surface heat fluxes cooled the central North Pacific and warmed the northeast Pacific during boreal winter in El Nino relative to La Nina events. Including Q(ek) amplified the ENSO-related SSTS by similar to 1/3 in the central and northeast Norht Pacific, producing anomalies comparable to those in nature. Differences between the ENSO-induced atmospheric circulation anomalies in the EKM and MLM experiments were not significant over the Noth Pacific. The sea level pressure (SLP) and SST response to ENSO over the Atlantic strongly projects on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the SST tripole pattern in observations and both model experiments. The La Nina anomalies, which are stronger than during El Nino, include high pressure and positive SSTs in the central North Atlantic. Including Ekman transport enhanced the Atlantic SST anomalies, which is contrast to the Pacific, appeared to strengthen the overlying atmospheric circulation.
C1 [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Scott, James D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Alexander, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM michael.alexander@noaa.gov
RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013
OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427
NR 89
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 21
BP 5688
EP 5707
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2382.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 367ZN
UT WOS:000260591200016
ER
PT J
AU Partyka, ML
Peterson, MS
AF Partyka, Melissa L.
Peterson, Mark S.
TI Habitat Quality and Salt-Marsh Species Assemblages along an
Anthropogenic Estuarine Landscape
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Pascagoula River estuary; Mississippi
ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISHES; CONSERVATION; CORRIDORS; NURSERIES;
PATTERNS; EDGE; FRAGMENTATION; CONNECTIVITY; RESTORATION
AB We evaluated habitat conditions available to infauna and epifauna across a gradient of shoreline development within the Pascagoula River estuary, Missisippi, to determine whether habitat characteristics and biotic responses were influenced by the degree of surrounding alteration. Three zones were defined: (H) severe alteration, (M) intermediate alteration, and (L) natural conditions starting about 5 km upstream. Eleven water-quality and habitat variables were quantified for infaunal and epifaunal nekton as indicators of habitat quality adjacent to both "restricted" and hardened shore and "unrestricted" or marsh-edge shore within each impact zone. Epifaunal nekton richness (S) was consistently greater at unrestricted shore types than restricted ones, highest in zone M and lowest in zone H, whereas infaunal S did not vary among impact zones or between shore types. Cluster analysis showed epifaunal nekton assemblages from unrestricted shores in zones M and L were most similar to each other, whereas restricted shore infaunal assemblages from zones H and M linked at similar to 70%. SIMPER analysis indicated infaunal composition was not dissimilar among zones or between shore types. In contrast, epifaunal nekton assemblages were dissimilar from one another because of the presence and density of Corophium louisianum and Hargeria rapax, two major fish prey items. Our data suggest the relative quality of marsh-edge habitat depends upon the surrounding landscape and that the simple presence of marsh habitat is not enough to ensure a high level of ecosystem health. Rather, it is the spatial arrangement of the marsh that markedly affects the system's health. It is apparent that even the smallest patch of marsh habitat supported a larger diversity of fauna than nearby restricted habitats, suggesting that it matters where a salt-marsh habitat patch (including restoration sites) is located along the landscape because it will influence habitat quality and connectivity and thus the composition of infauna and epifauna nekton assemblages.
C1 [Peterson, Mark S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
[Partyka, Melissa L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, DOC Marine Operat Ctr, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA.
RP Peterson, MS (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
EM mark.peterson@usm.edu
NR 66
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 4
U2 26
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 6
BP 1570
EP 1581
DI 10.2112/07-0937.1
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 377QW
UT WOS:000261266700022
ER
PT J
AU Roskov, KE
Epps, TH
Berry, BC
Hudson, SD
Tureau, MS
Fasolka, MJ
AF Roskov, Kristen E.
Epps, Thomas H., III
Berry, Brian C.
Hudson, Steven D.
Tureau, Maeeva S.
Fasolka, Michael J.
TI Preparation of Combinatorial Arrays of Polymer Thin Films for
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis
SO JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID FOCUSED ION-BEAM; MATERIALS SCIENCE; MULTI-SPECIMEN; COPOLYMER FILM;
SUBSTRATE; TOMOGRAPHY
AB We present a new method for harvesting multiple thin film specimens from polymer combinatorial libraries for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Such methods are of interest to researchers who wish to integrate TEM measurements into a combinatorial or high-throughput experimental workflow. Our technique employs poly(acrylic acid) plugs, sequestered in an elastomer gasket, to extract a series of film patches from gradient combinatorial libraries. A strategy for simultaneous deposition of the array of film specimens onto TEM grids also is described. We demonstrate our technique using nanostructured polymer thin film libraries as test cases in which the nanoscale details can be successfully imaged. Microscopy of test case specimens demonstrates that these samples are of sufficient quality for morphology screening via TEM, and in some cases are sufficient for more detailed morphological studies.
C1 [Roskov, Kristen E.; Berry, Brian C.; Hudson, Steven D.; Fasolka, Michael J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Epps, Thomas H., III; Tureau, Maeeva S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Fasolka, MJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mfasolka@nist.gov
RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012
FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship; NIST SURF Program
FX The authors thank Alamgir Karim and for helpful discussions. B.C.B. was
supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. K.E.R.
was supported by the NIST SURF Program. This research made use of
facilities at the NIST Combinatorial Methods Center
(www.nist.gov/combi). The authors also made use of the W.M. Keck
Microscopy Facility at the University of Delaware. Disclaimer: Certain
commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this
paper to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such
identification does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology nor is it intended to imply that the materials
or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the
purpose.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-4766
J9 J COMB CHEM
JI J. Comb. Chem.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 10
IS 6
BP 966
EP 973
DI 10.1021/cc8001348
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 371SK
UT WOS:000260851400024
PM 18937515
ER
PT J
AU O'Donnell, JNR
Antonucci, JM
Skrtic, D
AF O'Donnell, J. N. R.
Antonucci, J. M.
Skrtic, D.
TI Illuminating the role of agglomerates on critical physicochemical
properties of amorphous calcium phosphate composites
SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE amorphous calcium phosphate; biaxial flexure strength; ion release
kinetics; particle size distribution; water sorption
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENTAL COMPOSITES; SOLUBILITY; SORPTION; ENAMEL
AB Water sorption (WS), mechanical strength, and ion release of polymeric composites formulated with 40% as-made or milled amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are compared after 1, 2 and 3 months of aqueous exposure. Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and methacryloxyethyl phthalate comprised the resin. The WS (mass%) peaked at 3 months. WS of as-made ACP composites was significantly higher than WS of milled ACP composites and copolymers. Both composite groups experienced decreases in biaxial flexural strength (BFS) with water aging, with milled ACP composites retaining a significantly higher BFS throughout immersion. Ion release was moderately reduced in milled ACP composites, though they remained superior to as-made ACP composites due to significantly lower WS and higher BFS after prolonged aqueous exposure.
C1 [O'Donnell, J. N. R.; Skrtic, D.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Antonucci, J. M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP O'Donnell, JNR (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM justin.odonnell@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [R01 DE13169-08]
FX Support for this research was provided from the grant R01 DE13169-08
from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research to Dr.
Skrtic. We gratefully acknowledge generous contribution of monomers from
Esstech, Essington, PA, USA.
NR 21
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9983
J9 J COMPOS MATER
JI J. Compos Mater.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 21
BP 2231
EP 2246
DI 10.1177/0021998308094797
PG 16
WC Materials Science, Composites
SC Materials Science
GA 355CE
UT WOS:000259685800002
PM 19774100
ER
PT J
AU Kang, Y
O'Brien, WJ
Thomas, S
Chapman, RE
AF Kang, Youngcheol
O'Brien, William J.
Thomas, Stephen
Chapman, Robert E.
TI Impact of Information Technologies on Performance: Cross Study
Comparison
SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CONSTRUCTION
AB This paper evaluates the use of information technology (IT) and its impact on project and company performance in the construction industry. Using project level data from 139 projects and company level data from 74 companies, the current state of IT use in the construction industry was studied and statistical analyses were performed to assess the correlation between IT use and performance. Analyses are segregated by owner and contractor stakeholder groups and findings suggest that more IT use correlates with improved performance. Schedule performance has a strong positive association with increased IT use, whereas cost performance, although positively correlated, has a weaker relationship. These findings are in line with previous studies, adding to the research that IT has a positive impact on performance. Further comparison is made to show that IT use has increased over time among projects drawn from a similar sample population.
C1 [Kang, Youngcheol; O'Brien, William J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Thomas, Stephen] Univ Texas Austin, Construct Ind Inst, Austin, TX 78759 USA.
[Chapman, Robert E.] NIST, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kang, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, 1 Univ Stn C1752, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM happy072@mail.utexas.edu; wjob@mail.utexas.edu; sthomas@mail.utexas.edu;
robert.chapman@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [SB1341-06-W-0225]
FX This study upon which this paper is based was sponsored by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology under Contract No.
SB1341-06-W-0225.
NR 17
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 3
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9364
J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE
JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 134
IS 11
BP 852
EP 863
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:11(852)
PG 12
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial;
Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 361IM
UT WOS:000260121300003
ER
PT J
AU Taylor, EB
Lowery, E
Lilliestrale, A
Elz, A
Quinn, TP
AF Taylor, E. B.
Lowery, E.
Lilliestrale, A.
Elz, A.
Quinn, T. P.
TI Genetic analysis of sympatric char populations in western Alaska: Arctic
char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) are not
two sides of the same coin
SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE microsatellites; morphology; mtDNA; reproductive isolation; Salvelinus;
sympatric populations
ID NORTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BIMODAL HYBRID ZONES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA;
MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; INTROGRESSION; DIVERGENCE;
SALMONIDAE; SPECIATION; SEQUENCES
AB The North Pacific Ocean has been of great significance to understanding biogeography and speciation in temperate faunas, including for two species of char (Salmonidae: Salvelinus) whose evolutionary relationship has been controversial. We examined the morphology and genetics (microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA) of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma) in lake systems in western Alaska, the eastern and western Arctic, and south of the Alaskan Peninsula. Morphologically, each lake system contained two forms: one (Arctic char) largely confined to lake habitats and characterized by greater numbers of pyloric caeca, gill rakers, and shallower bodies, and another (Dolly Varden) predominated in adjacent stream habitats and was characterized by fewer pyloric caeca, gill rakers, and deeper bodies. MtDNA partial (550 bp) d-loop sequences of both taxa were interspersed with each other within a single 'Bering' clade and demographic inferences suggested historical gene flow from Dolly Varden to Arctic char had occurred. By contrast, the taxa were strongly differentiated in sympatry across nine microsatellite loci in both lakes. Our data show that the two taxa are highly genetically distinct in sympatry, supporting their status as valid biological species, despite occasional hybridization. The interaction between these species highlights the importance of the North Pacific, and Beringia in particular, as an evolutionary wellspring of biodiversity.
C1 [Taylor, E. B.; Lilliestrale, A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Taylor, E. B.; Lilliestrale, A.] Univ British Columbia, Native Fishes Res Grp, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
[Lowery, E.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Lilliestrale, A.] Uppsala Univ, Biol Educ Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden.
[Elz, A.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Taylor, EB (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Biodivers Res Ctr, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
EM etaylor@zoology.ubc.ca
FU National Science Foundation; University of Washington's School of
Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Natural
Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC)
FX Collection of specimens in the Alaskan populations was facilitated by
Peter Westley (Chignik Lake), Chris Boatright (Lake Aleknagik) and Harry
Rich Jr. (Iliamna Lake) and we thank them and the other University of
Washington staff and students for their assistance. We thank Donna
Hauser (University of Washington) for producing Figure 1, V. Albert
(Laval University) for providing Arctic char tissues and DNA, and S. M.
Rogers (UBC), J-S. Moore (UBC), L. Bernatchez (Laval) and anonymous
reviewers for helpful comments on the MS. Financial support for the
field-work was provided by the National Science Foundation through
grants from the LTREB and BioComplexity programs, the University of
Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and the Gordon and
Betty Moore Foundation awarded to TQ. The genetic analysis was funded by
a Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery
Grant to EBT.
NR 94
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 4
U2 18
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1010-061X
J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL
JI J. Evol. Biol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 6
BP 1609
EP 1625
DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01603.x
PG 17
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
Heredity
GA 361DY
UT WOS:000260108900016
PM 18771450
ER
PT J
AU Kim, SC
Hamins, A
AF Kim, Sung Chan
Hamins, Anthony
TI On the Temperature Measurement Bias and Time Response of an Aspirated
Thermocouple in Fire Environment
SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE temperature measurement; aspirated thermocouple; fire test; CFD
ID COMPARTMENT FIRES
AB To examine the uncertainty of thermocouple temperature measurements, the present study uses numerical simulations and analytical solutions to investigate the heat transfer processes associated with double shield aspirated thermocouple. This study is divided into two parts. First, 3D CFD calculations for real geometries are performed to understand the flow characteristics of double shielded aspirated thermocouples. Based on iso-thermal flow calculations for real geometry, conjugate heat transfer calculations for a 3D simplified geometry are performed to investigate the thermocouple radiative exchange errors that may be important in a fire environment. The results of the 3D heat transfer calculation are compared with algebraic solutions from a previously developed simple energy balance model and the algebraic model shows acceptable results compared to the 3D CFD model, despite its many assumptions and idealizations. A parametric study was conducted to quantify the thermocouple errors for various gas temperature and surrounding conditions. In this manner, the present study improves our understanding of the uncertainty of thermocouple temperature measurements.
C1 [Kim, Sung Chan] Kyungil Univ, Sch Fire & Disaster Prevent, Kyungbuk 712701, South Korea.
[Hamins, Anthony] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kim, SC (reprint author), Kyungil Univ, Sch Fire & Disaster Prevent, Kyungbuk 712701, South Korea.
EM sungkim@kiu.ac.kr
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 7
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0734-9041
J9 J FIRE SCI
JI J. Fire Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 6
BP 509
EP 529
DI 10.1177/0734904108093516
PG 21
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 370DL
UT WOS:000260742800003
ER
PT J
AU Jargon, JA
Wang, CM
Hale, PD
AF Jargon, Jeffrey A.
Wang, C. M. Jack
Hale, Paul D.
TI A Robust Algorithm for Eye-Diagram Analysis
SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Extinction ratio; eye diagram; least-median-of-squares (LMS) location
estimator; robust statistics
AB We present a new method for analyzing eye diagrams that always provides a unique solution by making use of a robust, least-median-of-squares (LMS) location estimator. In contrast to commonly used histogram techniques, the LMS procedure is insensitive to outliers and data distributions. Our motivation for developing this algorithm is to create an independent, benchmark method that is both amenable to a thorough uncertainty analysis and can function as a comparison tool since no standardized industry algorithms currently exist. Utilizing this technique, we calculate the fundamental parameters of an eye diagram, namely the one and zero levels, and the time and amplitude crossings. With these parameters determined, we can derive various performance metrics, such as extinction ratio and root-mean-square jitter, and perform eye-mask alignment. In addition to describing our algorithm in detail, we compare results computed with this method to those of a commercial oscilloscope, and obtain excellent agreement. Finally, we suggest new definitions of eye height and eye width that are more robust than those that are commonly used.
C1 [Jargon, Jeffrey A.; Hale, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Wang, C. M. Jack] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Jargon, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jargon@boulder.nist.gov; jwang@boulder.nist.gov; hale@boulder.nist.gov
RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013
NR 16
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0733-8724
J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL
JI J. Lightwave Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 21-24
BP 3592
EP 3600
DI 10.1109/JLT.2008.917313
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications
GA 405LA
UT WOS:000263225000011
ER
PT J
AU Stock, CA
Powell, TM
Levin, SA
AF Stock, Charles A.
Powell, Thomas M.
Levin, Simon A.
TI Bottom-up and top-down forcing in a simple size-structured plankton
dynamics model
SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Biomass spectrum; Modelling; Energy flow; Ecosystem; Plankton; Food web
ID PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM; FISH PRODUCTION; GROWTH-RATES; PHYTOPLANKTON;
BIOMASS; ZOOPLANKTON; PREY; VARIABILITY; NITROGEN; SPECTRA
AB A size-structured plankton dynamics model is developed and used to explore the effects of variations in bottom-up and top-down forcing upon the biomass spectrum, size-structured patterns in primary production, and the flux of energy from primary producers to fish. Parameters and mechanisms controlling the steady-state model response to bottom-up forcing via nutrient enrichment and top-down forcing via fluctuations in planktivorous fish are first diagnosed. Results are then compared with mean observed biomass spectra from three ecosystems spanning a broad range of productivity. Solutions using parameters within empirical ranges can recreate trends in the biomass spectrum across these systems. The zooplankton gross growth efficiency is critical for matching the steady-state slopes of the spectra. Variability in export sources and zooplankton half-saturation constants both provide ways of matching the mean biomass. Results support the model's potential to provide mechanistic insights and testable quantitative hypotheses for the dynamics underlying observed biomass spectra. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stock, Charles A.; Powell, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Levin, Simon A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Stock, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM cstock@alum.mit.edu; zackp@berkeley.edu; slevin@princeton.edu
RI Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012;
OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013
FU Global Environmental Facility (GEF); National Atmospheric and Oceanic
Administration (NOAA)
FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Global Environmental Facility
(GEF) and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA). We
would also like to thank Prof. Robert A. Armstrong, Prof. Peter J.S.
Franks, Dr. Heidi Fuchs, Prof. Michael Landry, Dr. Kenneth Sherman, and
Dr. Joshua S. Weitz for their discussions that improved and focused this
work. We would also like to acknowledge the valuable input of
participants in an aquatic ecosystem modelling workshop held at the
Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in the spring
of 2006.
NR 75
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-7963
J9 J MARINE SYST
JI J. Mar. Syst.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 74
IS 1-2
BP 134
EP 152
DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.004
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 377MU
UT WOS:000261256100008
ER
PT J
AU Link, J
Overholtz, W
O'Reilly, J
Green, J
Dow, D
Palka, D
Legault, C
Vitaliano, J
Guida, V
Fogarty, M
Brodziak, J
Methratta, L
Stockhausen, W
Col, L
Griswold, C
AF Link, Jason
Overholtz, William
O'Reilly, John
Green, Jack
Dow, David
Palka, Debra
Legault, Chris
Vitaliano, Joseph
Guida, Vincent
Fogarty, Michael
Brodziak, Jon
Methratta, Lisa
Stockhausen, William
Col, Laurel
Griswold, Carolyn
TI The Northeast US continental shelf Energy Modeling and Analysis exercise
(EMAX): Ecological network model development and basic ecosystem metrics
SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Network analysis; Energy budget; Food web; Trophodynamics;
Ecosystem-based fisheries management; Regional comparisons
ID TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FISHING IMPACTS; FUNCTIONAL
REDUNDANCY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; BENGUELA ECOSYSTEM; UPWELLING SYSTEMS;
TROPHIC FLOWS; GEORGES BANK; SEA
AB During the past half-century notable changes have occurred in the Northeast U.S. (NEUS) Continental Shelf large Marine Ecosystem (LME). To understand how the system functions as a whole, to evaluate the potential responses of this ecosystem to numerous human-induced perturbations, and to elucidate the relative magnitude of key biota and processes, the Northeast Fisheries Science Center instituted the Energy Modeling and Analysis eXercise (EMAX). The primary goal of EMAX was to establish an ecological network model (i.e., a more nuanced energy budget) of the entire Northeast U.S. food web. The EMAX work focused on the interdisciplinary development of a network model which reflected contemporary conditions (1996-2000) in four major regions of the ecosystem:, Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, Southern New England and Middle Atlantic Bight The model had 36 network "nodes" or biomass state variables across a broad range of the biological hierarchy within each trophic level and incorporated a wide range of key rate processes. Because this ecosystem has been relatively well studied many of the biomass estimates were based on field measurements and biomass estimates from the scientific literature were required only for a relatively small number of nodes. The emphasis of EMAX was to explore the particular role of small pelagic fishes in the ecosystem. Our results show that small pelagic fishes are indeed keystone species in the ecosystem. We examined a suite of novel ecosystem metrics as we compared the four regions and provided a general, system-level description of the NEUS ecosystem. The general patterns of the network properties in the four regions were similar; however the network indices and metrics did reveal some noteworthy differences among regions reflecting their different oceanographic and faunal characteristics. The process of compiling and evaluating available data required by an ecosystem network model identified important gaps in our understanding which should be addressed during future ecosystem surveys. Moreover, exercises like EMAX will be a valuable starting point as we continue to progress towards ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Link, Jason; Overholtz, William; O'Reilly, John; Green, Jack; Dow, David; Palka, Debra; Legault, Chris; Vitaliano, Joseph; Guida, Vincent; Fogarty, Michael; Brodziak, Jon; Methratta, Lisa; Stockhausen, William; Col, Laurel; Griswold, Carolyn] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Link, Jason; Overholtz, William; Dow, David; Palka, Debra; Legault, Chris; Fogarty, Michael; Brodziak, Jon; Methratta, Lisa; Stockhausen, William; Col, Laurel] Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[O'Reilly, John; Green, Jack; Griswold, Carolyn] Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Vitaliano, Joseph; Guida, Vincent] James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.
RP Link, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM jlink@mercury.wh.whoi.edu
NR 63
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-7963
J9 J MARINE SYST
JI J. Mar. Syst.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 74
IS 1-2
BP 453
EP 474
DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.03.007
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 377MU
UT WOS:000261256100028
ER
PT J
AU Lafferty, WJ
Flaud, JM
Sams, RL
Ngom, EHA
AF Lafferty, W. J.
Flaud, J. -M.
Sams, R. L.
Ngom, El Hadji Abib
TI High resolution analysis of the rotational levels of the (000), (010),
(100), (001), (020), (110) and (011) vibrational states of
(SO2)-S-34-O-16
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Rovibrational energy levels; (SO2)-S-34; Infrared spectra; Fermi and
Coriolis resonances; Hamiltonian constants
ID SO2; SPECTRUM
AB A high resolution (0.0018 cm - (1)) Fourier transform instrument has been used to record the spectrum of an enriched S-34 (95.3%) sample of sulfur dioxide. A thorough analysis of the nu(2), 2 nu(2) - nu(2), nu(1), nu(1) + nu 2 - nu(2), nu(3), nu 2+ nu(3) - nu(2), nu(1) + nu 2and nu 2+ nu(3) bands has been carried out leading to a large set of assigned lines. From these lines ground state combination differences were obtained and fit together with the existing microwave, millimeter, and terahertz rotational lines. An improved set of ground state rotational constants were obtained. Next, the upper state rotational levels were fit. For the (010), (110) and (011) states, a simple Watson - type Hamiltonian sufficed. However, it was necessary to include explicitly interacting terms in the Hamiltonian matrix in order to fit the rotational levels of the (020), (100) and (101) states to within their experimental accuracy. More explicitly, it was necessary to use a Delta K = 2 term to model the Fermi interaction between the (020) and (100) levels and a Delta K = 3 term to model the Coriolis interaction between the (100) and (001) levels. Precise Hamiltonian constants were derived for the (000), (010), (100), (001), (020), (110) and (011) vibrational states. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Lab Inter Univ Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France.
[Sams, R. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Ngom, El Hadji Abib] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Ecole Super Polytech, Dakar, Senegal.
RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Room B260,MS 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Walter.Lafferty@nist.gov
FU United States Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
Chemical Sciences Division
FX The portion of this work performed at NIST was supported by the NASA
Upper Atmosphere Research Program. This research was also supported, in
part, by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division and the experimental part was
performed at the W. R, Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory,
a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of
Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory is operated for the United States Department of Energy by
Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830.
NR 11
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 252
IS 1
BP 72
EP 76
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.06.013
PG 5
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 368LD
UT WOS:000260621700013
ER
PT J
AU Mellor, GL
AF Mellor, George L.
TI The Depth-Dependent Current and Wave Interaction Equations: A Revision
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT; MODEL; STRESS; OCEAN
AB This is a revision of a previous paper dealing with three-dimensional wave-current interactions. It is shown that the continuity and momentum equations in the absence of surface waves can include waves after the addition of three-dimensional radiation stress terms, a fairly simple alteration for numerical ocean circulation models. The velocity that varies on time and space scales, which are large compared to inverse wave frequency and wavenumber, is denoted by (u) over cap (alpha) and, by convention, is called the "current." The Stokes drift is labeled u(S alpha) and the mean velocity is U(alpha) equivalent to (u) over cap (alpha) + u(S alpha). When vertically integrated, the results here are in agreement with past literature.
Surface wind stress is empirical, but transfer of the stress into the water column is a function derived in this paper. The wave energy equation is derived, and terms such as the advective wave velocity are weighted vertical integrals of the mean velocity. The wave action equation is not an appropriate substitute for the wave energy equation when the mean velocity is depth dependent.
C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Mellor, GL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM glmellor@princeton.edu
NR 20
TC 81
Z9 83
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 38
IS 11
BP 2587
EP 2596
DI 10.1175/2008JPO3971.1
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 381TQ
UT WOS:000261559200013
ER
PT J
AU Greenberg, RR
AF Greenberg, R. R.
TI Pushing the limits of NAA: Accuracy, uncertainty and detection limits
SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Modern Trends on Activation Analysis
CY SEP 16-21, 2007
CL Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Minami Ohsawa Campus, Tokyo, JAPAN
SP Japan Assoc Activat Anal
HO Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Minami Ohsawa Campus
ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL;
BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; ULTRATRACE DETERMINATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS;
SEPARATION; CHROMIUM; SAMPLES
AB This paper describes some highlights from the author's efforts to improve neutron activation analysis (NAA) detection limits through development and optimization of radiochemical separations, as well as to improve the overall accuracy of NAA measurements by identifying, quantifying and reducing measurement biases and uncertainties. Efforts to demonstrate the metrological basis of NAA, and to establish it as a "Primary Method of Measurement" will be discussed.
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Greenberg, RR (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM robert.greenberg@nist.gov
NR 24
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0236-5731
J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH
JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 278
IS 2
BP 231
EP 240
DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0101-4
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science &
Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 400EO
UT WOS:000262851000002
ER
PT J
AU Li, XY
Scott, T
Cromer, C
Hadler, J
AF Li, Xiaoyu
Scott, Thomas
Cromer, Chris
Hadler, Joshua
TI Reflective Optical Chopper Used in NIST High-Power Laser Measurements
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE attenuator; beamsplitter; calorimeter; device under test; high-power
laser; infrared (IR); laser detector calibration; laser power meter;
monitor detector; reflective optical chopper; wedge-shaped transparent
material; visible aiming laser; ZnSe
AB For the past ten years, NIST has used high-reflectivity, optical choppers as beamsplitters and attenuators when calibrating the absolute responsivity and response linearity of detectors used with high-power CW lasers. The chopper-based technique has several advantages over the use of wedge-shaped transparent materials (usually crystals) often used as beam splitters in this type of measurement system. We describe the design, operation and calibration of these choppers. A comparison between choppers and transparent wedge beampslitters is also discussed.
C1 [Li, Xiaoyu; Scott, Thomas; Cromer, Chris; Hadler, Joshua] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Li, XY (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM xiaoyu@boulder.nist.gov; tomrscott@wyoming.com; cromer@boulder.nist.gov;
hadler@boulder.nist.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 113
IS 6
BP 305
EP 309
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 405GP
UT WOS:000263211300001
PM 27096130
ER
PT J
AU Hirayama, S
Takagi, S
Markovic, M
Chow, LC
AF Hirayama, Satoshi
Takagi, Shozo
Markovic, Milenko
Chow, Laurence C.
TI Properties of Calcium Phosphate Cements With Different Tetracalcium
Phosphate and Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous Molar Ratios
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE absorption; calcium phosphate; calcium phosphate cements;
hydroxyapatite; mechanical properties; porosity
ID IN-VITRO; STRENGTH
AB Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) were prepared using mixtures of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), with TTCP/DCPA molar ratios of 1/1, 1/2, or 1/3, with the powder and water as the liquid. Diametral tensile strength (DTS), porosity, and phase composition (powder x-ray diffraction) were determined after the set specimens have been immersed in a physiological-like solution (PLS) for 1 d, 5 d, and 10 d. Cement dissolution rates in an acidified PLS were measured using a dual constant composition method. Setting times ((30 +/- 1) min) were the same for all cements. DTS decreased with decreasing TTCP/DCPA ratio and, in some cases, also decreased with PLS immersion time. Porosity and hydroxyapatite (HA) formation increased with PLS immersion time. Cements with TTCP/DCPA ratios of 1/2 and 1/3, which formed calcium-deficient HA, dissolved more rapidly than the cement with a ratio of 1/1. In conclusion, cements may be prepared with a range of TTCP/DCPA ratios, and those with lower ratio had lower strengths but dissolved more rapidly in acidified PLS.
C1 [Hirayama, Satoshi; Takagi, Shozo; Markovic, Milenko; Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hirayama, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM hirayama.satoshi@nihon-u.ac.jp; shozo.takagi@nist.gov;
milenko.markovic@nist.gov; laurence.chow@nist.gov
FU USPHS Research [DE11789]; National Institutes of Health; National
Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; National Institute of
Standards and Technology in cooperation with the American Dental
Association Foundation
FX This investigation was supported, in part, by USPHS Research Grant
DE11789 to the American Dental Association Foundation from the National
Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial
Research and is part of the dental research program conducted by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology in cooperation with the
American Dental Association Foundation.
NR 12
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 5
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 113
IS 6
BP 311
EP 320
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 405GP
UT WOS:000263211300002
PM 19779581
ER
PT J
AU Levin, I
Vanderah, T
AF Levin, Igor
Vanderah, Terrell
TI Workshop on Measurement Needs for Local-Structure Determination in
Inorganic Materials
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE diffraction; local structure; measurements; microscopy; nanostructure;
spectroscopy
AB The functional responses (e. g., dielectric, magnetic, catalytic, etc.) of many industrially-relevant materials are controlled by their local structure-a term that refers to the atomic arrangements on a scale ranging from atomic (sub-nanometer) to several nanometers. Thus, accurate knowledge of local structure is central to understanding the properties of nanostructured materials, thereby placing the problem of determining atomic positions on the nanoscale-the so-called "nanostructure problem"-at the center of modern materials development. Today, multiple experimental techniques exist for probing local atomic arrangements; nonetheless, finding accurate comprehensive, and robust structural solutions for the nanostructured materials still remains a formidable challenge because any one of these methods yields only a partial view of the local structure. The primary goal of this 2-day NIST-sponsored workshop was to bring together experts in the key experimental and theoretical areas relevant to local-structure determination to devise a strategy for the collaborative effort required to develop a comprehensive measurement solution on the local scale. The participants unanimously agreed that solving the nanostructure problem-an ultimate frontier in materials characterization-necessitates a coordinated interdisciplinary effort that transcends the existing capabilities of any single institution, including national laboratories, centers, and user facilities. The discussions converged on an institute dedicated to local structure determination as the most viable organizational platform for successfully addressing the nanostructure problem. The proposed "institute" would provide an intellectual infrastructure for local structure determination by (1) developing and maintaining relevant computer software integrated in an open-source global optimization framework (Fig. 2), (2) connecting industrial and academic users with experts in measurement techniques, (3) developing and maintaining pertinent databases, and (4) providing necessary education and training.
C1 [Levin, Igor; Vanderah, Terrell] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM igor.levin@nist.gov; terrell.vanderah@nist.gov
RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010
NR 1
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U1 0
U2 3
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 113
IS 6
BP 321
EP 333
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 405GP
UT WOS:000263211300003
PM 27096131
ER
PT J
AU Levine, ZH
Grantham, S
Sawyer, DS
Reeves, AP
Yankelevitz, DF
AF Levine, Zachary H.
Grantham, Steven
Sawyer, Daniel S.
Reeves, Anthony P.
Yankelevitz, David F.
TI A Low-Cost Fiducial Reference Phantom for Computed Tomography
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE centroid; Coordinate Measuring Machine; dimensional reference; medical
phantom; second moment tensor; tomography
AB To detect the growth in lesions, it is necessary to ensure that the apparent changes in size are above the noise floor of the system. By introducing a fiducial reference, it may be possible to detect smaller changes in lesion size more reliably. We suspend three precision spheres with a precision structure built from pieces from a popular children's building toy. We measure the distances between the centroids of the structures three ways; namely, with a high-precision mechanical method, micro computerized tomography, and medical computerized tomography. The three methods are in agreement, and also agree with the design values for the structure. It is also possible to pick a threshold so that the three spheres have their nominal volumes in the medical computerized tomography images. The use of volumetric measures allows the determination of lengths to much less than the voxel size using materials which have x-ray properties within the range of the human body. A suitable structure may be built with a very small parts cost.
C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Grantham, Steven] NIST, Photon Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sawyer, Daniel S.] NIST, Large Scale Coordinate Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Reeves, Anthony P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Yankelevitz, David F.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10065 USA.
RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, Photon Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM zlevine@nist.gov; steven.grantham@nist.gov; daniel.sawyer@nist.gov;
reeves@ece.cornell.edu; dyankele@med.cornell.edu
FU National Bioimaging Initiative (for NIST) [NIH/NCI 5R33CA101110-4, NIH
R01-CA-078905]
FX We are pleased to acknowledge assistance from Benjamin Ache of Micro
Photonics, Inc., Lisa Karam, Lynne King, and Michelle O'Brien, all of
NIST, Rick Kanishak of X-Radia, and Eli Levine of the Barnsley
Elementary School in performing this work. This work was supported by
the National Bioimaging Initiative (for NIST), NIH/NCI 5R33CA101110-4
(for Cornell University in Ithaca) and NIH R01-CA-078905 (for the Weill
Medical College).
NR 5
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U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 113
IS 6
BP 335
EP 340
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 405GP
UT WOS:000263211300004
PM 27096132
ER
PT J
AU Lemmon, EW
Huber, ML
Leachman, JW
AF Lemmon, Eric W.
Huber, Marcia L.
Leachman, Jacob W.
TI Revised Standardized Equation for Hydrogen Gas Densities for Fuel
Consumption Applications
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE density; equation of state; fuel consumption; hydrogen; pressure;
temperature
ID COMPRESSIBILITY ISOTHERMS; 1000 ATMOSPHERES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; 3/1
MIXTURE; NITROGEN; TEMPERATURES; 150-DEGREES-C; PRESSURES
AB An equation for the density of hydrogen gas has been developed that agrees with the current standard to within 0.01% from 220 K to 1000 K with pressures up to 70 MPa, to within 0.01% from 255 K to 1000 K with pressures to 120 MPa, and to within 0.1% from 200 K to 1000 K up to 200 MPa. The equation is a truncated virial-type equation based on pressure and temperature dependent terms. The density uncertainty for this equation is the same as the current standard and is estimated to be 0.04% (combined uncertainty with a coverage factor of 2) between 250 K and 450 K for all pressures, and 0.1% for lower temperatures. Comparisons are presented with experimental data and with the full equation of state.
C1 [Lemmon, Eric W.; Huber, Marcia L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Leachman, Jacob W.] Univ Wisconsin, Cryogen Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM eric.lemmon@nist.gov; marcia.huber@nist.gov;
jleachman@vandals.uidaho.edu
RI Leachman, Jacob/J-8798-2013
OI Leachman, Jacob/0000-0001-5437-8816
FU USEPA-National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
FX The authors thank Richard T Jacobsen and Steven G. Penoncello for their
assistance given to Jacob Leachman during the development of the
equation of state for hydrogen. We also express our sincere thanks to
Carl Paulina, USEPA-National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, for
his enthusiasm and support of this project.
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U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 113
IS 6
BP 341
EP 350
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 405GP
UT WOS:000263211300005
PM 27096133
ER
PT J
AU McCarty, GW
McConnell, LL
Hapernan, CJ
Sadeghi, A
Graff, C
Hively, WD
Lang, MW
Fisher, TR
Jordan, T
Rice, CP
Codling, EE
Whitall, D
Lynn, A
Keppler, J
Fogel, ML
AF McCarty, G. W.
McConnell, L. L.
Hapernan, C. J.
Sadeghi, A.
Graff, C.
Hively, W. D.
Lang, M. W.
Fisher, T. R.
Jordan, T.
Rice, C. P.
Codling, E. E.
Whitall, D.
Lynn, A.
Keppler, J.
Fogel, M. L.
TI Water quality and conservation practice effects in the Choptank River
watershed
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE best management practices (BMPs); Chesapeake Bay; Conservation Effects
Assessment Project (CEAP); denitrification-riparian buffers; watershed;
wetland; winter cover crop
AB The Choptank River is an estuary, tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and an eco-system in decline due partly to excessive nutrient and sediment loads from agriculture. The Conservation Effects Assessment Project for the Choptank River watershed was established to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation practices oil water quality, within this watershed. Several measurement frame works are being used to assess conservation practices. Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and herbicides (atrazine and metolachlor) are monitored within 1.5 small. agricultural subwatersheds and periodically in the lower portions of the river estuary Initial results indicate that land use within these subwatersheds is a major determinant Of nutrient concentration in streams. In addition, the (18)O isotope signature of nitrate was used to provide a landscape assessment of denitrification processes in the presence of the variable land use. Herbicide concentrations were not correlated to land use, suggesting that herbicide delivery to the streams is influenced by other factors and/or processes. Remote sensing technologies have been used to scale point measurements of best management practice effectiveness from field to subwatershed and watershed scales. Optical satellite (SPOT-5) data and ground-level measurements have been shown to be effective for monitoring nutrient uptake by winter cover crops in fields with a wide range of management practices. Synthetic Aperture Radar (RADARSAT-1) data have been shown to detect and to characterize accurately the hydrology (hydroperiod) of forested wetlands at landscape and watershed scales. These multiple approaches are providing actual data for assessment of conservation practices and to help producers. natural resource managers, and policy makers maintain agricultural production while protecting this unique estuary
C1 [McCarty, G. W.; McConnell, L. L.; Hapernan, C. J.; Sadeghi, A.; Hively, W. D.; Lang, M. W.; Rice, C. P.; Codling, E. E.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Graff, C.] LimnoTech Inc, Washington, DC USA.
[Fisher, T. R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA.
[Jordan, T.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA.
[Whitall, D.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Lynn, A.] USDA Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Annapolis, MD USA.
[Keppler, J.] Maryland Dept Agr, Annapolis, MD USA.
RP McCarty, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011
FU USDA NRCS
FX We acknowledge the contributions of technical staff from all the
participating agencies and institutions, especially Anne Gustafson,
Peter Downey, Paul Biddle, Leticia Drakeford, Krystyna Bialek, Molly
Monahan, Kerry Sefton, Jennifer Harman-Fetcho, Swati Mookherji, Mebrat
Gesese, and Walter Stracke. Partial funding for this project was
provided by the USDA NRCS special emphasis watershed conservation
Effects Assessment Project, and a Cheasapeake Bay Targeted Watersheds
grant funded under the Chesapeake Bay Program and administered by the
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.
NR 49
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U1 3
U2 25
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 63
IS 6
SI SI
BP 461
EP 474
DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.461
PG 14
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 374WI
UT WOS:000261074000025
ER
PT J
AU Saines, PJ
Kennedy, BJ
Johannessen, B
Poulton, S
AF Saines, Paul J.
Kennedy, Brendan J.
Johannessen, Bernt
Poulton, Sarah
TI Phase and valence transitions in Ba(2)LnSn(x)Nb(1-x)O(6-delta)
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Perovskite; Phase transition; Valence state; XANES
ID POWDER DIFFRACTOMETER; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; X-RAY;
PEROVSKITES; OXIDE; BA(2)LNB'O-6; DIFFRACTION; LANTHANIDE; SERIES
AB The structures of compounds in the perovskite series Ba(2)LnSn(x)Nb(1-x)O(6-delta) (Ln = Pr and Tb and x = 0, 0.1, 0.2,...,1.0) have been examined using synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction. It was found that niobate members of both series feature full B-site cation ordering but that this order is lost with increasing x. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and near-infrared spectroscopies indicate that the oxidation state of the lanthanide cations gradually changes from Ln(3+) to Ln(4+) with increased Sn4+ doping. This is believed to be the cause of the loss of B-site ordering. Least squares analysis of the XANES spectra suggests that the rate of the transformation of Ln(3+) cations to the tetravalent state is such that the Pr series contains no oxygen vacancies while the Tb series may contain a very small amount of vacancies, with delta approximate to 0.02. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Saines, Paul J.; Kennedy, Brendan J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
[Johannessen, Bernt] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.
[Poulton, Sarah] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Poulton, Sarah] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Kennedy, BJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
EM kennedyb@chem.usyd.edu.au
OI Saines, Paul/0000-0002-4207-2112
FU Australian Research Council; Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and
Engineering (AINSE) through AINSE Postgraduate Award; Australian
Synchrotron Research Program
FX This work has been partially supported by the Australian Research
Council and the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering
(AINSE) through the provision of an AINSE Postgraduate Award. The work
performed at the Australian National Beamline Facility was supported by
the Australian Synchrotron Research Program under the Major National
Research Facilities Program. The X-ray diffraction patterns obtained at
the ANBF were collected with the help of Dr. James Hester. The authors
would like to thank Dr. Hugh Harris for his advice regarding analysis of
the XANES spectra.
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U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 181
IS 11
BP 2994
EP 3004
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.07.021
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 448GD
UT WOS:000266250200005
ER
PT J
AU Sadek, F
El-Tawil, S
Lew, HS
AF Sadek, Fahim
El-Tawil, Sherif
Lew, H. S.
TI Robustness of Composite Floor Systems with Shear Connections: Modeling,
Simulation, and Evaluation
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
AB This paper presents a computational investigation of the robustness of a typical concrete deck-steel beam composite floor system with simple shear connections in the event that a center column has been removed. The study provides insight into the behavior and failure modes of simple shear connections and composite floor systems comprised of such connections. Analyses of a connection subassemblage indicate that loads are primarily resisted by cable action of the beams after column loss resulting in increasing tensile forces in the beams and connections that could eventually precipitate failure. Simulation results show that the floor deck contributes significantly to the floor system response through: diaphragm action to prevent the exterior columns from being pulled inward and membrane action primarily through the reinforcement mesh and metal deck. The analyses indicate that the capacity of the analyzed floor system under the column removal scenario is significantly less than the load specified by the General Services Administration's current progressive collapse guidelines. This suggests that applying these guidelines, the composite floor system studied would be vulnerable to collapse if a center column is lost.
C1 [Sadek, Fahim; Lew, H. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[El-Tawil, Sherif] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Sadek, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM fahim.sadek@nist.gov; eltawil@umich.edu; hsl@nist.gov
OI El-Tawil, Sherif/0000-0001-6437-5176
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
FX This research was supported by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST). The writers acknowledge the invaluable comments and
through review by John L. Gross of NIST and Kurt Gustafson of AISC. The
second writer acknowledges the discussions and helpful insight of
Professor Kapil Khandelwal at Notre Dame University, South Bend, India.
Certain commercial products, software, or materials are identified in
this paper to describe a procedure or concept adequately. Such
identification is not intended to imply recommendation, endorsement, or
implication by NIST that the products, software, or materials are
necessarily the best available for the purpose.
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U1 5
U2 16
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE
JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 134
IS 11
BP 1717
EP 1725
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:11(1717)
PG 9
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 361JE
UT WOS:000260123100004
ER
PT J
AU Snay, RA
Soler, T
AF Snay, Richard A.
Soler, Tomas
TI Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS): History, Applications,
and Future Enhancements
SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Satellites; Geodetic surveys; History
ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; GPS; ACCURACY; RANGE; US
AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Geodetic Survey (NGS) manages the National Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) system that comprises a network of over 1,350 sites, each containing a geodetic quality Global Navigation Satellite System receiver. This network is currently growing at a rate of about 15 sites per month. NGS collects, processes, and distributes data from these sites in support of high-accuracy three-dimensional positioning activities throughout the United States, its territories, and a few foreign countries. CORS data are also used by geophysicists, meteorologists, atmospheric and ionospheric scientists, and others in support of a wide variety of applications. This paper addresses the history of the CORS network, some of its applications, and plans for enhancing it within the next few years.
C1 [Snay, Richard A.; Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Snay, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, 1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Richard.Snay@noaa.gov; Tom.Soler@noaa.gov
RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010
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U1 0
U2 11
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9453
EI 1943-5428
J9 J SURV ENG
JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 134
IS 4
BP 95
EP 104
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2008)134:4(95)
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 361JH
UT WOS:000260123400001
ER
PT J
AU Han, JY
van Gelder, BHW
Soler, T
Snay, RA
AF Han, J. Y.
van Gelder, B. H. W.
Soler, T.
Snay, R. A.
TI Geometric Combination of Multiple Terrestrial Network Solutions
SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Geodetic surveys; Satellites; Numerical analysis
ID TRANSFORMATION
AB Terrestrial network solutions prepared by different institutes and/or at different epochs imply different reference frame definitions, since various reference stations and processing strategies may be involved. A combination procedure, utilizing a time-variant similarity transformation model, enables a geometric integration of multiple solutions into a common reference frame definition. Additional benefits, including an elimination of systematic bias and a cross check on the quality of each individual network solution, could also be achieved. In this study, a combination approach which takes into account complete geometric interrelations between multiple solutions is developed. With the observable dependency analysis procedure, the proposed approach guarantees a self-consistent, more meaningful, combination solution regardless of the choice of a reference solution. Numerical tests have been performed on actual International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNNS) Service (IGS) and National Geodetic Survey (NGS) solutions using the Geodetic Network Analysis Tool software developed along with this study. Results reveal potential problems if the proposed analysis procedure is not implemented in a combination solution.
C1 [Han, J. Y.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
[van Gelder, B. H. W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Soler, T.; Snay, R. A.] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Han, JY (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
EM jyhan@ntu.edu.tw
RI Han, Jen-Yu/B-5521-2009; Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010
OI Han, Jen-Yu/0000-0001-9555-4214;
FU National Geodetic Survey; NOAA [NCNL2000-6-00004]
FX This research was supported by the National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, under
Contract No. NCNL2000-6-00004. Comments by three anonymous reviewers are
also gratefully acknowledged.
NR 19
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9453
J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE
JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 134
IS 4
BP 126
EP 131
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2008)134:4(126)
PG 6
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 361JH
UT WOS:000260123400004
ER
PT J
AU Stafford, KM
Moore, SE
Laidre, KL
Heide-Jorgensen, MP
AF Stafford, Kathleen M.
Moore, Sue E.
Laidre, Kristin L.
Heide-Jorgensen, M. P.
TI Bowhead whale springtime song off West Greenland
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; BAFFIN-BAY; HUMPBACK WHALES; BEAUFORT SEA; SOUNDS;
ALASKA; ABUNDANCE; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS
AB Three songs were recorded from bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in Disko Bay, West Greenland, during 59 h of recordings via sonobuoys deployed on seven days between 5 and 14 April 2007. Song elements were defined by units following the protocol of previous description of bowhead whale song. The two most prominent songs were loud, complex, and repeated in long bouts on multiple recording days while the third song was much simpler and recorded on only one day. Bowhead whale simple calls and faint song elements were also recorded using digital audio tape recorders and a dipping hydrophone deployed from the sea ice approximately 100-150 km southwest of Disko Bay on three separate days suggesting that song is also produced in the central portion of Baffin Bay in winter. Songs recorded in Disko Bay are from an area where approximately 85% of the whales have been determined to be adult females. Although it is not known which sex was singing, we speculate that, as in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), male bowhead whales may sing to mediate sexual competition or mate selection behaviors. This is the first detailed description of springtime songs for bowhead whales in the eastern Arctic. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.2980443]
C1 [Stafford, Kathleen M.; Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Moore, Sue E.] Univ Washington, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Laidre, Kristin L.; Heide-Jorgensen, M. P.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland.
RP Stafford, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
FU NOAA Ocean Exploration; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources
FX This study was funded by the NOAA Ocean Exploration grant to K. L. L.
and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources. The Arctic Station of
the University of Copenhagen provided the field base and Air Greenland
provided helicopter support. We thank the hunters of Qeqertarsuaq and
Qaanaaq for help with the field operations.
NR 35
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U1 0
U2 14
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 124
IS 5
BP 3315
EP 3323
DI 10.1121/1.2980443
PG 9
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 371MZ
UT WOS:000260836700062
PM 19045814
ER
PT J
AU Vanderah, TA
Guzman, J
Nino, JC
Roth, RS
AF Vanderah, Terrell A.
Guzman, Julian
Nino, Juan C.
Roth, Robert S.
TI Stability Phase-Fields and Pyrochlore Formation in Sections of the
Bi2O3-Al2O3-Fe2O3-Nb2O5 System
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID BI2O3-ZNO-NB2O5 CUBIC PYROCHLORE; NIOBATE THIN-FILMS;
DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; RELAXATION; OXIDES
AB Bismuth-niobate-based ceramic materials are of interest for embedded elements such as capacitors and filters because they exhibit high relative dielectric permittivities and tend to be processible at temperatures in the 1000 degrees-1200 degrees C range. As part of ongoing studies of phase equilibria and structure-property relations in this class of electroceramics, a limited study of sections in the Bi2O3-Al2O3-FeO3-Nb2O5 system was conducted. In contrast to published reports, a pyrochlore phase was not found in the ternary subsystem Bi2O3-Al2O3-Nb2O5, despite detailed syntheses, which included controlled heatings up to and above the solidus: except for solid solutions of Al2O3 in binary Bi2O3-Nb2O5 phases (i.e., fluorite-related Bi3NbO7 and Bi5Nb3O15), no distinct ternary compounds were observed to form. In the quaternary Bi2O3-Al2O3-FeO3-Nb2O5 system, a pyrochlore solid solution was confirmed along a line from Bi1.657Fe1.092Nb1.150O7 (=42.50:28.00:29.50 Bi2O3:Fe2O3:Nb2O5) up to the limiting composition Bi1.657Al0.328Fe0.764Nb1.150O7 (=42.50:8.400:19.60:29.50 Bi2O3:Al2O3:Fe2O3:Nb2O5), corresponding to substitution of 30% of the Fe3+ with Al3+. This result suggests that the large pyrochlore phase-field in the Bi-Fe-Nb-O system extends into the quaternary Bi-Al-Fe-Nb-O system to form a single-phase volume of pyrochore solid solutions by dissolving appreciable amounts of Al2O3. The Bi-Al-Fe-Nb-O pyrochlore phases exhibited low-temperature dielectric relaxation characteristic of bismuth-based pyrochlores. The substitution of Al for Fe resulted in a small increase in relative dielectric permittivity (from 125 to approximate to 135 at 1 MHz, approximate to 200 K), and a decrease in the temperature (from approximate to 130 to approximate to 120 K) corresponding to the peak in the dielectric loss.
C1 [Vanderah, Terrell A.; Roth, Robert S.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Guzman, Julian; Nino, Juan C.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Vanderah, TA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM terrell.vanderah@nist.gov
RI Nino, Juan/A-6496-2008
OI Nino, Juan/0000-0001-8256-0535
FU National Science Foundation's; Division of Materials Research; U. S.
National Science Foundation [DMR-0449710]
FX J. Guzman was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's
Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, Division of
Materials Research. J. Nino would like to acknowledge the financial
support by the U. S. National Science Foundation (CAREER grant,
DMR-0449710).
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0002-7820
EI 1551-2916
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 91
IS 11
BP 3659
EP 3662
DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02648.x
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 374SI
UT WOS:000261063600029
ER
PT J
AU Reeves, HD
Rotunno, R
AF Reeves, Heather Dawn
Rotunno, Richard
TI Orographic Flow Response to Variations in Upstream Humidity
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID BULK PARAMETERIZATION; ISOLATED TOPOGRAPHY; STRATIFIED FLOW; MOUNTAIN
RIDGE; NEUTRAL FLOW; PRECIPITATION; MOIST; TERRAIN; MODEL; SIMULATIONS
AB The effects of upstream relative humidity (RH) on low-level wind and precipitation patterns for low-speed, statically stable flows over a mountain are investigated using idealized two- and three-dimensional numerical-simulation experiments in which RH is increased from 0% to 100%. For RH less than some critical threshold, the flow upstream becomes less decelerated as RH is increased; for RH greater than this threshold, the flow upstream becomes more decelerated as RH is increased. This increasing deceleration with RH is due to locally enhanced static stability resulting from enhanced condensation near the freezing level. Analyses from the simulations indicate that the lifted condensation level and the height of the freezing level are significant control parameters for the upstream-flow deceleration in the steady-state solutions. Dimensional analysis using these control parameters (as well as others) brings forth new nondimensional parameters that are shown to enter into analytic formulas for the orographic upstream-flow deceleration in a moist atmosphere.
C1 [Reeves, Heather Dawn] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Rotunno, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Reeves, HD (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2401, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM heather.reeves@noaa.gov
FU NCAR/CISL; National Academy of Sciences/NRC; NCAR/MMM
FX Computing time for this work was provided by a grant from NCAR/CISL.
Financial support for the first author was provided by the National
Academy of Sciences/NRC and the NCAR/MMM visiting scientist program. The
authors wish to thank G. Lackmann, D. Stensrud, and R. Smith.
NR 31
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 11
BP 3557
EP 3570
DI 10.1175/2008JAS2762.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 374VZ
UT WOS:000261073100012
ER
PT J
AU Thorncroft, CD
Hall, NMJ
Kiladis, GN
AF Thorncroft, Chris D.
Hall, Nicholas M. J.
Kiladis, George N.
TI Three-Dimensional Structure and Dynamics of African Easterly Waves. Part
III: Genesis
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; SQUALL LINES; PHASE III;
DISTURBANCES; CONVECTION; ATLANTIC; GENERATION; SYSTEMS; ORIGIN
AB This paper promotes the view that African easterly waves (AEWs) are triggered by localized forcing, most likely associated with latent heating upstream of the region of observed AEW growth. A primitive equation model is used to show that AEWs can be triggered by finite-amplitude transient and localized latent heating on a zonally varying basic state that is linearly stable. Heating close to the entrance region of the African easterly jet (AEJ) is shown to initiate AEWs downstream. The heating leads to an initial trough that reaches the West African coast about 5-7 days later, depending on the nature of the heating profile. After this, a structure that projects strongly onto the leading linear normal mode of the basic state becomes established, characterized by a number of westward-propagating disturbances that strongly resemble AEWs. The sensitivity of the forced AEWs to the nature and location of the heating profile is examined. AEWs are most efficiently triggered by heating profiles that establish lower tropospheric circulations close to the entrance region of the AEJ. In the present study, this was best achieved by lower tropospheric heating from shallow convection or upper-level heating and lower-level cooling from a strati-form precipitation profile. Both profiles have significant heating gradients in the vertical in the mid-to-lower troposphere. This triggering paradigm for the genesis of AEWs has consequences for the variability and predictability of AEWs at weather and climate time scales. In addition to the nature of the AEJ, often emphasized, it is crucial to consider the nature and variability of upstream heating triggers.
C1 [Hall, Nicholas M. J.] Univ Toulouse 3, LEGOS OMP, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
[Thorncroft, Chris D.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
[Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Thorncroft, CD (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
EM chris@atmos.albany.edu
RI Hall, Nicholas/M-4837-2015
FU NSF [ATM0507976]; CNRS; NOAA's Climate Program [GC05-156]
FX CDT was supported by NSF Grant ATM0507976. NMJH was supported by CNRS.
GNK was supported by NOAA's Climate Program under Grant GC05-156. We
thank Courtney Schumacher for her comments which helped to improve this
paper.
NR 37
TC 69
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 11
BP 3596
EP 3607
DI 10.1175/2008JAS2575.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 374VZ
UT WOS:000261073100015
ER
PT J
AU Heggie, TW
Heggie, TM
Kliewer, C
AF Heggie, Travis W.
Heggie, Tracey M.
Kliewer, Colin
TI Experience Your America: National Park Service
SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVENTURE TOURISM INDUSTRY; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NEW-ZEALAND; EXPLORATORY
ANALYSIS; INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS; ROAD SAFETY; AUSTRALIA; INJURIES;
ACCIDENTS; KNOWLEDGE
AB Injuries are a public health problem affecting traveling populations such as tourists visiting National Parks. This study investigates the distribution of visitor fatalities in US National Park Service (NPS) units and identifies the predeath activities and contributing factors associated with them.
A retrospective study was conducted of visitor fatalities from all NPS units during 2003 and 2004.
There were 356 reported fatalities during 2003 and 2004. Fatalities were most common during the summer months and on weekends. Males accounted for 75% of the reported fatalities, and visitors aged 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 years accounted for 51% of all deaths. Only 99 of 388 (26%) NPS units reported at least 1 fatality, and only 10 units reported 10 or more fatalities. However, these 10 units were responsible for 36% of all fatalities. Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Blue Ridge Parkway, Grand Canyon National Park, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and Yosemite National Park reported the highest number of fatalities. Domestic visitors accounted for 73% of the fatalities, and European visitors accounted for 13%. Transportation and water-based activities recorded the highest number of fatalities. Motor vehicle crashes accounted for 20% of fatalities and was followed by suicide (17%), swimming (11%), hiking (10%), plane crashes (9%), climbing (6%), and boating (5%) incidents.
Fatalities in NPS units are not widespread and are related to more common events such as motor vehicle crashes, suicide, swimming, and hiking rather than exotic causes such as bears or other wildlife. It is recommended that preventive techniques first be developed in the 10 NPS units responsible for 36% of the total NPS-wide fatalities.
C1 [Heggie, Travis W.; Heggie, Tracey M.] Univ N Dakota, Recreat & Tourism Studies Program, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
[Kliewer, Colin] Commissioned Officer Corps, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pascagoula, MS USA.
RP Heggie, TW (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Recreat & Tourism Studies Program, 225 Centennial Dr,Mail Stop 7116, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
EM travis.heggie@und.edu
NR 53
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 20
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1195-1982
J9 J TRAVEL MED
JI J. Travel Med.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 15
IS 6
BP 404
EP 411
DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00235.x
PG 8
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 376TI
UT WOS:000261205500004
PM 19090794
ER
PT J
AU Ocola, LE
Tirumala, VR
AF Ocola, L. E.
Tirumala, V. R.
TI Nanofabrication of super-high-aspect-ratio structures in hydrogen
silsesquioxane from direct-write e-beam lithography and hot development
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 52nd International Conference on Electron, Ion and Photon Beam
Technology and Nanofabrication
CY MAY 27-30, 2008
CL Portland, OR
DE electron beam lithography; micromechanical devices; Monte Carlo methods;
nanolithography; nanopatterning; organic compounds; resists; surface
tension; zone plates
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; RESISTS
AB Super-high-aspect-ratio structures (>10) in hydrogen silsesquioxane resist using direct write electron beam lithography at 100 kV and hot development and rinse are reported. Posts of 100 nm in width and 1.2 mu m tall have been successfully fabricated without the need of supercritical drying. Hot rinse solution with isopropyl alcohol has been used to reduce surface tension effects during drying. Dose absorption effects have been observed and modeled using known Monte Carlo models. These results indicate that for e-beam exposures of thick negative resists (>1 mu m), the bottom of the structures will have less cross-link density and therefore will be less stiff than the top. These results will have impact in the design of high-aspect-ratio structures that can be used in microelectromechanical system devices and high-aspect-ratio Fresnel zone plates.
C1 [Ocola, L. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60559 USA.
[Tirumala, V. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
RP Ocola, LE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60559 USA.
EM ocola@anl.gov
NR 16
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 5
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 6
BP 2632
EP 2635
DI 10.1116/1.3021395
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 379GV
UT WOS:000261385600152
ER
PT J
AU Pait, AS
Whitall, DR
Jeffrey, CFG
Caldow, C
Mason, AL
Lauenstein, GG
Christensen, JD
AF Pait, Anthony S.
Whitall, David R.
Jeffrey, Christopher F. G.
Caldow, Chris
Mason, Andrew L.
Lauenstein, Gunnar G.
Christensen, John D.
TI Chemical contamination in southwest Puerto Rico: An assessment of trace
and major elements in nearshore sediments
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE;
ALUMINUM
C1 [Pait, Anthony S.; Whitall, David R.; Jeffrey, Christopher F. G.; Caldow, Chris; Mason, Andrew L.; Lauenstein, Gunnar G.; Christensen, John D.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Pait, AS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM tony.pait@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
FX We would like to acknowledge NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean
Science (NCCOS) for funding the project. Dr. Richard Appeldoorn at the
University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez graciously provided unlimited
access to the Isla Magueyes facilities along with valuable discussions
on study design and coral reef ecology. Ivonne Bejarano of the
University of Puerto Rico assisted in sample collection. Dr. Edward
Johnson and Oren Perez provided help with database management. We would
also like to acknowledge Bob Taylor of the Trace Element Research
Laboratory for analyzing the sediment samples. Dr. Cheryl Woodley and
Dr. Malcolm Meaburn of NOAA's Center for Coastal Environmental Health
and Biomolecular Research in Charleston, SC provided access to
laboratory space and equipment as well as discussions on project design.
Finally, we would like to express our deep appreciation to Captain Angel
Nazario of the Aquanauta for his skill and patience during the
collection of samples for this project.
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 56
IS 11
BP 1953
EP 1956
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbu1.2008.06.001
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 378YX
UT WOS:000261362200027
PM 18845309
ER
PT J
AU Riddle, B
Baker-Jarvis, J
Janezic, M
AF Riddle, Bill
Baker-Jarvis, James
Janezic, Michael
TI Microwave characterization of semiconductors with a split-cylinder
cavity
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE split-cylinder cavity; complex permittivity; semiconductors; variable
temperature; microwave frequencies; silicon; gallium arsenide
ID PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; RESISTIVITY; SILICON;
CONDUCTIVITY; FREQUENCIES
AB In this paper we demonstrate the use of a split-cylinder cavity for characterizing semiconductors of low to medium loss over a temperature range of 173 K (-100 degrees C) to 373 K (+100 degrees C) at microwave frequencies (9-30 GHz). Complex permittivity measurements of silicon (Si) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafers are presented in order to evaluate the cavity's performance with this type of material.
C1 [Riddle, Bill; Baker-Jarvis, James; Janezic, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div 818 01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Riddle, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div 818 01, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Bill.Riddle@nist.gov
FU NIST colleagues Richard Mirin; Optoelectronics Division; Quantum
Electrical Metrology Division
FX Many thanks to our NIST colleagues Richard Mirin of the Optoelectronics
Division and Jim Beall of the Quantum Electrical Metrology Division for
their helpful advice and technical support.
NR 18
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 19
IS 11
AR 115701
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/19/11/115701
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 357DJ
UT WOS:000259826200027
ER
PT J
AU Verkouteren, JR
Coleman, JL
Fletcher, RA
Smith, WJ
Klouda, GA
Gillen, G
AF Verkouteren, J. R.
Coleman, J. L.
Fletcher, R. A.
Smith, W. J.
Klouda, G. A.
Gillen, G.
TI A method to determine collection efficiency of particles by swipe
sampling
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE fluorescence microscopy; particle collection; trace detection; swipe
sampling
ID REMOVAL MECHANISMS; ADHESION; SURFACES; HUMIDITY; FORCE; EXPLOSIVES; RDX
AB A methodology was developed to evaluate particle collection efficiencies from swipe sampling of trace residues. Swipe sampling is used for many applications where trace residues must be collected, including the evaluation of radioactive particle contamination and the analysis of explosives and contraband at screening checkpoints using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Collection efficiencies were evaluated for micrometer-sized polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres with respect to the particle size and mode of deposition, collection trap, surface type and swiping force. Test surfaces containing particles were prepared under controlled conditions and swiped with a reproducible technique that allows for the evaluation of frictional forces. Collection efficiencies were determined by optical imaging and particle counting. Of the two IMS collection traps studied, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) trap has significantly lower collection efficiencies. This is likely to be due to a combination of texture and composition. The larger (42 mu m diameter) particles are collected more efficiently than the smaller (9 mu m diameter) particles. Particles in a matrix similar to latent fingerprints are collected more efficiently than dry particles. Applying greater force during swiping does not greatly improve collection efficiencies. This fact, coupled with the observation that many particles are detached but not collected, implies that improvements in collection efficiency are dependent on improvements in adhesion of the particles to the collection surface, rather than larger forces to detach the particles.
C1 [Verkouteren, J. R.; Coleman, J. L.; Fletcher, R. A.; Smith, W. J.; Klouda, G. A.; Gillen, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Verkouteren, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU Department of Homeland Security
FX Surface roughness measurements were performed by Alan Zheng in the NIST
Manufacturing and Engineering Laboratory. The Department of Homeland
Security sponsored the production of this material under an Interagency
Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 31
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 5
U2 26
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 19
IS 11
AR 115101
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/19/11/115101
PG 12
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 357DJ
UT WOS:000259826200002
ER
PT J
AU Kaplan, ML
Huang, C
Lin, YL
Charney, JJ
AF Kaplan, Michael L.
Huang, C.
Lin, Y. -L.
Charney, J. J.
TI The development of extremely dry surface air due to vertical exchanges
under the exit region of a jet streak
SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIRES; METEOROLOGY
AB Observations and numerical model simulations indicate that anomalous surface drying is strongly forced by mass and momentum adjustments under the right exit region of a polar jet streak overtaking and modifying a weak surface cold front. This drying event, which was associated with a wildfire in south-central New Jersey, is related to multi-scale atmospheric forcing that began far upstream and was likely not coupled to the classic cold conveyor belt model, as described by Carlson (Mon Wea Rev 108:1498-1509, 1980). The analyses indicate that both deep tropospheric circulations and boundary layer dry air advection occur in tandem to create a favorable environment for two closely associated extreme surface drying events. The first drying event occurs when lower tropospheric air is transported downwards in the descending branch of the low-level cold front's thermally direct circulation. This low-level circulation, which is vertically separated from the upper-level jet, is still enhanced by the hydrostatic pressure rises under the velocity convergence in the equatorward exit region of the polar jet. The upper-level convergence phases with the low-level cold air advection to intensify the low-level isallobaric wind. Dry air increases at low levels in conjunction with the isallobaric divergence behind the low-level cold front. Sinking air occurs within the 100-hPa layer centered just above 900 hPa as a result of the isallobaric divergence. The shallow descending circulation within the upstream side of this low-level front produces the first injection of dry air into the surface layer independently of deep-boundary layer mixing. Surface moisture divergence and shallow sinking sustain the dry cold front in the boundary layer. The descending air in the upper tropospheric jet circulation does not immediately couple to the deepening boundary layer accompanying the cold front's circulation. A second drying event occurs at the surface shortly thereafter, when surface heating deepens the well-mixed layer, such that the boundary layer behind the low-level front (i.e., within its trailing descending air) is linked to the dry air under the jet's equatorward exit region descending branch. Thus, the first drying event is created by the low-level direct circulation in a region of isallobaric divergence, while the second drying event is created by the coupling between the upper level indirect circulation and the deepening convective boundary layer. The two dry events combine to create a favorable environment for an isolated wildfire as both dry air and increasing surface winds develop during maximum surface heating.
C1 [Kaplan, Michael L.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Huang, C.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Lin, Y. -L.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA.
[Lin, Y. -L.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, EES PhD Program, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA.
[Charney, J. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
RP Kaplan, ML (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM mike.kaplan@dri.edu
FU USDA Forest Service [02-JV-112313000-051]
FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service under grant
#02-JV-112313000-051. Phillip Marzette, Chris Adaniya, and Kristien King
of the University of Nevada, Reno, modified the electronic figures for
publication. David Stettner of CIMMS at the University of Wisconsin
provided the water vapor satellite imagery. The surface and rawinsonde
observations were derived from the Plymouth State University Weather
Center web site.
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0177-7971
J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS
JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 102
IS 1-2
BP 63
EP 85
DI 10.1007/s00703-008-0004-5
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 374II
UT WOS:000261036600005
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, EC
Dunham, KK
AF Anderson, E. C.
Dunham, K. K.
TI The influence of family groups on inferences made with the program
Structure
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE assignment test; family structure; multilocus genotype; sibling
inference; unsupervised clustering
ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DATA; ALLELE
FREQUENCIES; CONSERVATION; MARKERS; NUMBER; ASSIGNMENT; SOFTWARE;
SIBSHIP
AB Unsupervised clustering algorithms, like the program Structure, are increasingly used to infer the presence of population structure from a sample of genotyped individuals. We evaluate the extent to which the presence of related individuals can lead such algorithms to the false inference that there is population structure. First, we demonstrate this problem using a real data set from a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population. Then we perform an extensive series of simulations involving the program Structure. Our simulations encompass both a simple scenario with fixed numbers of full- and half-siblings in the sample, and a more complicated scenario in which we investigate 360 combinations of population divergence, fraction of population sampled, variance in family size, mating system and number of loci. We find that the inclusion of family members in a sample may produce very strong evidence of population structure, even when population structure is absent. This problem becomes more pronounced when more loci are genotyped, and it is particularly likely in studies of monogamous species, especially if variance in family size is high and a large fraction of a small population has been sampled. Researchers working in such situations should test observed clusters for the presence of family members to distinguish family-induced structure from real population structure. Additionally, this work shows that Structure's ability to estimate the number of subpopulations may be influenced by a number of factors, and therefore should be interpreted guardedly.
C1 [Anderson, E. C.; Dunham, K. K.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM eric.anderson@noaa.gov
NR 34
TC 73
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 20
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1755-098X
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1219
EP 1229
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02355.x
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 367BY
UT WOS:000260528700006
PM 21586009
ER
PT J
AU Rice, AM
Pearse, DE
Becker, T
Newman, RA
Lebonville, C
Harper, GR
Pfennig, KS
AF Rice, A. M.
Pearse, D. E.
Becker, T.
Newman, R. A.
Lebonville, C.
Harper, G. R.
Pfennig, K. S.
TI Development and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite
markers for Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata) with
cross-amplification in Plains spadefoot toads (S-bombifrons)
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE amphibian; cross-amplification; population genetics; SSR markers
ID SOFTWARE
AB We developed nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata. Allele numbers range from five to 12, with observed heterozygosities from 0.48 to 0.87. Because two loci are in linkage disequilibrium, these nine loci provide eight independent markers. Three loci exhibit departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, possibly resulting from null alleles or population admixture. These markers will be useful for assessing population structure and relatedness in S. multiplicata. Based on our success at cross-amplification in the Plains spadefoot toad (Spea bombifrons), these loci also may be useful in this species with additional optimization.
C1 [Rice, A. M.; Lebonville, C.; Harper, G. R.; Pfennig, K. S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Pearse, D. E.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Becker, T.; Newman, R. A.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
RP Rice, AM (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Anim Ecol, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
EM amber.rice@ebc.uu.se
RI Rice, Amber/F-3410-2011
OI Rice, Amber/0000-0002-5475-8226
FU NSF [DEB0542566, IOB-0455380]; USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research
Center to RAN
FX We thank Dr Colin Hughes for invaluable assistance with primer
development. This research was supported by NSF Grants DEB0542566 and
IOB-0455380 to KSP, and funding from the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife
Research Center to RAN. DEP developed the Sm loci in John Avise's
laboratory at the University of Georgia Department of Genetics.
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 12
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1755-098X
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1386
EP 1389
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02291.x
PG 4
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 367BY
UT WOS:000260528700050
PM 21586053
ER
PT J
AU Wheatley, DM
Trapp, RJ
AF Wheatley, Dustan M.
Trapp, Robert J.
TI The Effect of Mesoscale Heterogeneity on the Genesis and Structure of
Mesovortices within Quasi-Linear Convective Systems
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; LIVED SQUALL LINES; BOW ECHOES; PART I;
NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; OUTFLOW BOUNDARY; DAMAGE ANALYSIS; EVOLUTION;
MODEL; TORNADOES
AB This study examines the structure and evolution of quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) within complex mesoscale environments. Convective outflows and other mesoscale features appear to affect the rotational characteristics and associated dynamics of these systems. Thus, real-data numerical simulations of two QLCS events have been performed to (i) identify and characterize the various ambient mesoscale features that modify the structure and evolution of simulated QLCSs; and then to (ii) determine the nature of interaction of such features with the systems, with an emphasis on the genesis and evolution of low-level mesovortices.
Significant low-level mesovortices develop in both simulated QLCSs as a consequence of mechanisms internal to the system-consistent with idealized numerical simulations of mesovortex-bearing QLCSs and not as an effect of system interaction with external heterogeneity. However, meso-gamma- scale (order of 10 km) heterogeneity in the form of a convective outflow boundary is sufficient to affect mesovortex strength, as air parcels populating the vortex region encounter enhanced convergence at the point of QLCS-boundary interaction. Moreover, meso-beta- scale (order of 100 km) heterogeneity in the form of interacting air masses provides for along-line variations in the distributions of low-to midlevel vertical wind shear and convective available potential energy. The subsequent impact on updraft strength/tilt has implications on the vortex stretching experienced by leading-edge mesovortices.
C1 [Wheatley, Dustan M.; Trapp, Robert J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Wheatley, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM dustan.wheatley@noaa.gov
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-023344]; Bilsland Dissertation
Fellowship (DMW)
FX The authors wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their
constructive comments. Resources made available through NCAR's
Scientific Computing Division and Purdue University's Rosen Center for
Advanced Computing were used to generate the WRF model simulations. This
research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, under
Grant ATM-023344 (DMW and RJT), and by a Bilsland Dissertation
Fellowship (DMW).
NR 48
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 11
BP 4220
EP 4241
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2294.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 371VX
UT WOS:000260861900013
ER
PT J
AU Lowag, A
Black, ML
Eastin, MD
AF Lowag, Alexander
Black, Michael L.
Eastin, Matthew D.
TI Structural and Intensity Changes of Hurricane Bret (1999). Part I:
Environmental Influences
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; CONVECTIVE-SCALE
CHARACTERISTICS; PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM FLUXES;
SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; INNER-CORE; DOPPLER RADAR;
KINEMATIC STRUCTURE
AB Hurricane Bret underwent a rapid intensification ( RI) and subsequent weakening between 1200 UTC 21 August and 1200 UTC 22 August 1999 before it made landfall on the Texas coast 12 h later. Its minimum sea level pressure fell 35 hPa from 979 to 944 hPa within 24 h. During this period, aircraft of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) flew several research missions that sampled the environment and inner core of the storm. These datasets are combined with gridded data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Model and the NCEP-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalyses to document Bret's atmospheric and oceanic environment as well as their relation to the observed structural and intensity changes. Bret's RI was linked to movement over a warm ocean eddy and high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Gulf of Mexico coupled with a concurrent decrease in vertical wind shear. SSTs at the beginning of the storm's RI were approximately 29 C and steadily increased to 30 C as it moved to the north. The vertical wind shear relaxed to less than 10 kt during this time. Mean values of oceanic heat content (OHC) beneath the storm were about 20% higher at the beginning of the RI period than 6 h prior. The subsequent weakening was linked to the cooling of near-coastal shelf waters (to between 25 degrees and 26 degrees C) by prestorm mixing combined with an increase in vertical wind shear. The available observations suggest no intrusion of dry air into the circulation core contributed to the intensity evolution. Sensitivity studies with the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme ( SHIPS) model were conducted to quantitatively describe the influence of environmental conditions on the intensity forecast. Four different cases with modified vertical wind shear and/or SSTs were studied. Differences between the four cases were relatively small because of the model design, but the greatest intensity changes resulted for much cooler prescribed SSTs. The results of this study underscore the importance of OHC and vertical wind shear as significant factors during RIs; however, internal dynamical processes appear to play a more critical role when a favorable environment is present.
C1 [Lowag, Alexander; Black, Michael L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Eastin, Matthew D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.
RP Lowag, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM alowag@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Black, Michael/C-3250-2014
OI Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888
NR 64
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 11
BP 4320
EP 4333
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2438.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 371VX
UT WOS:000260861900018
ER
PT J
AU Ramsay, HA
Leslie, LM
AF Ramsay, Hamish A.
Leslie, Lance M.
TI The Effects of Complex Terrain on Severe Landfalling Tropical Cyclone
Larry (2006) over Northeast Australia
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; HYDROSTATIC MOUNTAIN WAVES; BAROTROPIC
VORTEX MOTION; HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; PART I;
NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; MESOSCALE MOUNTAIN; TAIWAN
OROGRAPHY
AB The interaction between complex terrain and a landfalling tropical cyclone (TC) over northeastern Australia is investigated using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5). Severe TC Larry (in March 2006) made landfall over an area of steep coastal orography and caused extensive damage. The damage pattern suggested that the mountainous terrain had a large influence on the TC wind field, with highly variable damage across relatively small distances. The major aims in this study were to reproduce the observed features of TC Larry, including track, intensity, speed of movement, size, decay rate, and the three-dimensional wind field using realistic high-resolution terrain data and a nested grid with a horizontal spacing of 1 km for the finest domain (referred to as CTRL), and to assess how the above parameters change when the terrain height is set to zero (NOTOPOG). The TC track for CTRL, including the timing and location of landfall, was in close agreement with observation, with the model eye overlapping the location of the observed eye at landfall. Setting the terrain height to zero resulted in a more southerly track and a more intense storm at landfall. The orography in CTRL had a large impact on the TC's 3D wind field, particularly in the boundary layer where locally very high wind speeds, up to 68 m s(-1), coincided with topographic slopes and ridges. The orography also affected precipitation, with localized maxima in elevated regions matching observed rainfall rates. In contrast, the precipitation pattern for the NOTOPOG TC was more symmetric and rainfall totals decreased rapidly with distance from the storm's center. Parameterized maximum surface wind gusts were located beneath strong boundary layer jets. Finally, small-scale banding features were evident in the surface wind field over land for the NOTOPOG TC, owing to the interaction between the TC boundary layer flow and land surface characteristics.
C1 [Ramsay, Hamish A.] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Ramsay, Hamish A.; Leslie, Lance M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Ramsay, HA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM hramsay@rossby.metr.ou.edu
RI Ramsay, Hamish/G-9604-2011
FU Insurance Australia Group, Sydney, Australia
FX This research was supported by funding from the Insurance Australia
Group, Sydney, Australia. We thank Dr. David Stensrud (NOAA/ National
Severe Storms Laboratory) for valuable discussions as well as Dr. Bruce
Buckley, Jeff Callaghan, and Peter Otto of the Australian Bureau of
Meteorology for providing details of the observed characteristics of TC
Larry. We also wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers for many
beneficial suggestions, which helped to improve the manuscript. Finally,
we acknowledge Greg Pearson and Norm Henry of the New Zealand
Meteorological Service for providing the code to compute wind gusts in
section 4f.
NR 57
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 11
BP 4334
EP 4354
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2429.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 371VX
UT WOS:000260861900019
ER
PT J
AU Neiman, PJ
Ralph, FM
Wick, GA
Kuo, YH
Wee, TK
Ma, ZZ
Taylor, GH
Dettinger, MD
AF Neiman, Paul J.
Ralph, F. Martin
Wick, Gary A.
Kuo, Ying-Hwa
Wee, Tae-Kwon
Ma, Zaizhong
Taylor, George H.
Dettinger, Michael D.
TI Diagnosis of an Intense Atmospheric River Impacting the Pacific
Northwest: Storm Summary and Offshore Vertical Structure Observed with
COSMIC Satellite Retrievals
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID GPS RADIO OCCULTATION; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; SIERRA-NEVADA;
WATER-VAPOR; COLD-FRONT; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; CALJET;
RAIN
AB This study uses the new satellite-based Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission to retrieve tropospheric profiles of temperature and moisture over the data-sparse eastern Pacific Ocean. The COSMIC retrievals, which employ a global positioning system radio occultation technique combined with "first-guess" information from numerical weather prediction model analyses, are evaluated through the diagnosis of an intense atmospheric river (AR; i. e., a narrow plume of strong water vapor flux) that devastated the Pacific Northwest with flooding rains in early November 2006. A detailed analysis of this AR is presented first using conventional datasets and highlights the fact that ARs are critical contributors to West Coast extreme precipitation and flooding events. Then, the COSMIC evaluation is provided. Offshore composite COSMIC soundings north of, within, and south of this AR exhibited vertical structures that are meteorologically consistent with satellite imagery and global reanalysis fields of this case and with earlier composite dropsonde results from other landfalling ARs. Also, a curtain of 12 offshore COSMIC soundings through the AR yielded cross-sectional thermodynamic and moisture structures that were similarly consistent, including details comparable to earlier aircraft-based dropsonde analyses. The results show that the new COSMIC retrievals, which are global (currently yielding similar to 2000 soundings per day), provide high-resolution vertical-profile information beyond that found in the numerical model first-guess fields and can help monitor key lower-tropospheric mesoscale phenomena in data-sparse regions. Hence, COSMIC will likely support a wide array of applications, from physical process studies to data assimilation, numerical weather prediction, and climate research.
C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Kuo, Ying-Hwa; Wee, Tae-Kwon; Ma, Zaizhong] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Taylor, George H.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Climate Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov
RI Ma, Zaizhong/M-3248-2013
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0410018]
FX We thank Cathy Smith and colleagues of NOAA's Earth System Research
Laboratory for developing the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis composite tools and
making them available ( see online at
http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/Composites/Day). Darren Jackson of NOAA/ESRL
prepared the GOES satellite imagery. Jim Adams electronically drafted
the majority of the figures presented in this paper, and Allen White of
NOAA/ERSL generously donated time to generate three additional figures.
Sergey Sokolovskiy of UCAR/COSMIC provided valuable assistance for the
revision of the paper. This work was partially funded by the National
Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0410018.
NR 49
TC 83
Z9 84
U1 1
U2 19
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 11
BP 4398
EP 4420
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2550.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 371VX
UT WOS:000260861900022
ER
PT J
AU Alfieri, JG
Niyogi, D
Blanken, PD
Chen, F
LeMone, MA
Mitchell, KE
Ek, MB
Kumar, A
AF Alfieri, Joseph G.
Niyogi, Dev
Blanken, Peter D.
Chen, Fei
LeMone, Margaret A.
Mitchell, Kenneth E.
Ek, Michael B.
Kumar, Anil
TI Estimation of the Minimum Canopy Resistance for Croplands and Grasslands
Using Data from the 2002 International H2O Project
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; STOMATAL
CONDUCTANCE; SURFACE CONDUCTANCE; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
LAND-COVER; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; CLOSURE SCHEMES; ENERGY-BALANCE
AB Vegetated surfaces, such as grasslands and croplands, constitute a significant portion of the earth's surface and play an important role in land-atmosphere exchange processes. This study focuses on one important parameter used in describing the exchange of moisture from vegetated surfaces: the minimum canopy resistance (r(cmin)). This parameter is used in the Jarvis canopy resistance scheme that is incorporated into the Noah and many other land surface models. By using an inverted form of the Jarvis scheme, rcmin is determined from observational data collected during the 2002 International H2O Project (IHOP_2002). The results indicate that rcmin is highly variable both site to site and over diurnal and longer time scales. The mean value at the grassland sites in this study is 96 s m(-1) while the mean value for the cropland (winter wheat) sites is one-fourth that value at 24 s m(-1). The mean r(cmin) for all the sites is 72 s m(-1) with a standard deviation of 39 s m(-1). This variability is due to both the empirical nature of the Jarvis scheme and a combination of changing environmental conditions, such as plant physiology and plant species composition, that are not explicitly considered by the scheme. This variability in rcmin has important implications for land surface modeling where r(cmin) is often parameterized as a constant. For example, the Noah land surface model parameterizes r(cmin) for the grasslands and croplands types in this study as 40 s m(-1). Tests with the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Noah model indicate that the using the modified values of rcmin from this study improves the estimates of latent heat flux; the difference between the observed and modeled moisture flux decreased by 50% or more. While land surface models that estimate transpiration using Jarvis-type relationships may be improved by revising the rcmin values for grasslands and croplands, updating the rcmin will not fully account for the variability in rcmin observed in this study. As such, it may be necessary to replace the Jarvis scheme currently used in many land surface and numerical weather prediction models with a physiologically based estimate of the canopy resistance.
C1 [Alfieri, Joseph G.; Niyogi, Dev; Kumar, Anil] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Blanken, Peter D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Chen, Fei; LeMone, Margaret A.; Kumar, Anil] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Mitchell, Kenneth E.; Ek, Michael B.] NOAA NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Niyogi, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM dniyogi@purdue.edu
RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009;
OI BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220
FU USWRP; NCAR Water Cycle Initiative [NSF 01]; NSF [ATM-0296159,
ATM-0236885]; NASA GWEC [NNG05GB41G]; NOAA JCSDA [NA06NES4400013]; NASA
Headquarters through the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship
[NNX07AN67H]
FX The authors thank M. O'Connell for her assistance during the course of
this research and both J. Berry and D. Gochis for their insightful
discussions about the results. They would also like to thank the
anonymous reviewers whose helpful comments greatly improved the quality
of this paper. The authors would like to acknowledge the support for
IHOP_2002 and this research from USWRP, the NCAR Water Cycle Initiative
(Grant NSF 01), NSF (ATM-0296159 and ATM-0236885), NASA GWEC
(NNG05GB41G), NOAA JCSDA (NA06NES4400013), and NASA Headquarters through
the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX07AN67H).
NR 72
TC 21
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 11
BP 4452
EP 4469
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2524.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 371VX
UT WOS:000260861900025
ER
PT J
AU Dicken, MJ
Sweatlock, LA
Pacifici, D
Lezec, HJ
Bhattacharya, K
Atwater, HA
AF Dicken, Matthew J.
Sweatlock, Luke A.
Pacifici, Domenico
Lezec, Henri J.
Bhattacharya, Kaushik
Atwater, Harry A.
TI Electrooptic Modulation in Thin Film Barium Titanate Plasmonic
Interferometers
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; EVANESCENT-WAVE MODEL; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION;
SURFACES
AB We demonstrate control of the surface plasmon polariton wavevector in an active metal-dielectric plasmonic interferometer by utilizing electrooptic barium titanate as the dielectric layer. Arrays of subwavelength interferometers were fabricated from pairs of parallel slits milled in silver on barium titanate thin films. Plasmon-mediated transmission of incident light through the subwavelength slits is modulated by an external voltage applied across the barium titanate thin film. Transmitted light modulation is ascribed to two effects, electrically induced domain switching and electrooptic modulation of the barium titanate index.
C1 [Dicken, Matthew J.; Pacifici, Domenico; Bhattacharya, Kaushik; Atwater, Harry A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Sweatlock, Luke A.] Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
[Lezec, Henri J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Atwater, HA (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RI Pacifici, Domenico/G-7496-2011;
OI Bhattacharya, Kaushik/0000-0003-2908-5469
FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0606472]; Army Research Office
FX We acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation,
under Grant DMR 0606472, and the Army Research Office; portions of this
work were performed in facilities sponsored by the Center for Science
and Engineering of Materials, an NSF MRSEC. We also gratefully
acknowledge helpful discussions with Jennifer Dionne, Rene DeWaele, and
Stanley Burgos.
NR 21
TC 134
Z9 134
U1 6
U2 42
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 11
BP 4048
EP 4052
DI 10.1021/nl802981q
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 372FX
UT WOS:000260888600088
PM 18847247
ER
PT J
AU Xu, J
Lavan, DA
AF Xu, Jian
Lavan, David A.
TI Designing artificial cells to harness the biological ion concentration
gradient
SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROPHORUS-ELECTRICUS; PATCH RECORDINGS; CHANNEL; MEMBRANES;
ELECTROCYTES; CONDUCTANCE; BILAYERS; CURRENTS; ORGAN; MODEL
AB Cell membranes contain numerous nanoscale conductors in the form of ion channels and ion pumps(1-4) that work together to form ion concentration gradients across the membrane to trigger the release of an action potential(1,)5. It seems natural to ask if artificial cells can be built to use ion transport as effectively as natural cells. Here we report a mathematical calculation of the conversion of ion concentration gradients into action potentials across different nanoscale conductors in a model electrogenic cell (electrocyte) of an electric eel. Using the parameters extracted from the numerical model, we designed an artificial cell based on an optimized selection of conductors. The resulting cell is similar to the electrocyte but has higher power output density and greater energy conversion efficiency. We suggest methods for producing these artificial cells that could potentially be used to power medical implants and other tiny devices.
C1 [Lavan, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Xu, Jian] Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Lavan, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.lavan@nist.gov
RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012; Xu, Jian/A-6424-2013
OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028;
FU National Institutes of Health [PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B]
FX We thank F. Sigworth, E. Jakobsson, S. Natarajan, J. Novotny, T. P.
Maand S. Yulke for their discussions and comments. The full description
of the procedures used in this paper requires the identification of
certain software and operating systems and their suppliers. The
inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as
indicating that such software or operating systems are endorsed by NIST
or are recommended by NIST or that it is necessarily the best software
or operating system for the purposes described. This work is supported
by the National Centre for Design of Biomimetic Nanoconductors, funded
by grant no. PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B from the National Institutes of Health
through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.
NR 30
TC 50
Z9 51
U1 14
U2 77
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1748-3387
J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL
JI Nat. Nanotechnol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 3
IS 11
BP 666
EP 670
DI 10.1038/nnano.2008.274
PG 5
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 378OB
UT WOS:000261330500013
PM 18989332
ER
PT J
AU Di Carlo, G
Kenworthy, WJ
AF Di Carlo, Giuseppe
Kenworthy, W. Judson
TI Evaluation of aboveground and belowground biomass recovery in physically
disturbed seagrass beds
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Physical disturbance; Vessel grounding; Belowground biomass; Ecological
succession; Seagrass
ID THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; FLORIDA BAY; ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; RESTORATION;
COMMUNITIES
AB Several studies addressed aboveground biomass recovery in tropical and subtropical seagrass systems following physical disturbance. However, there are few studies documenting belowground biomass recovery despite the important functional and ecological role of roots and rhizomes for seagrass ecosystems. In this study, we compared the recovery of biomass (g dry weight m(-2)) as well as the biomass recovery rates in ten severely disturbed multi-species seagrass meadows, after the sediments were excavated and the seagrasses removed. Three sites were located in the tropics (Puerto Rico) and seven in the subtropics (Florida Keys), and all were originally dominated by Thalassia testudinum. Total aboveground biomass reached reference values at four out of ten sites studied, two in the Florida Keys and two in Puerto Rico. Total belowground biomass was lower at the disturbed locations compared to the references at all sites, apart from two sites in the Florida Keys where the compensatory effect of opportunistic species (Syringodium filiforme and Halodule wrightii) was observed. The results revealed large variation among sites in aboveground and belowground biomass for all species, with higher aboveground recovery than belowground for T. testudinum. Recovery rates for T. testudinum were highly variable across sites, but a general trend of faster aboveground than belowground recovery was observed. Equal rates between aboveground and belowground biomass were found for opportunistic species at several sites in the Florida Keys. These results indicate the importance of belowground biomass when assessing seagrass recovery and suggest that the appropriate metric to assess seagrass recovery should address belowground biomass as well as aboveground biomass in order to evaluate the full recovery of ecological services and functions performed by seagrasses. We point out regional differences in species composition and species shifts following severe disturbance events and discuss ecological implications of gap dynamics in multi-species seagrass meadows.
C1 [Di Carlo, Giuseppe; Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Di Carlo, G (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM giuseppe.dicarlo@unh.edu
FU Center for Coastal Fishery and Habitat Research (CCFHR); National
Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS); National Ocean Service; NOAA;
Office of National Marine Sanctuaries; NOAA's Office of Response and
Restoration; Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Commission; Giuseppe Di
Carlos's Post-Doctoral Fellowship at CCFHR; National Research
Council/National Academies of Science
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the officers and crew of NOAA ship NANCY
FOSTER for their professional assistance during the cruises and for the
good time while onboard. Research cruises require a great deal of work
and preparation and we are grateful to the large number of scientists
that made this project possible. In particular, we would like to thank
Manuel Merello, Sean Meehan, Amy Uhrin, Shay Viehman, Lisa Wood, Brooke
Landry, Jennifer Kunzelman, John Hackney, Penny Hall, Donna Berns, Kevin
Kirsch, Brian Degan, Kevin Madley, Mark Julian, Erika Hansen and Jim
Reid. We are also grateful to all those people that helped us process
the many seagrass samples; thanks go to the Marine Mammal Group at the
NOAA Beaufort Laboratory (Emma, Patti, Gretchen, Annie), Mike Lacroix,
Patricia Hay, Gary Fisher, Brad Teer, Jenny VanderPlum and Vanessa Nero.
We are indebted to Ray Gorley for his endless patience and his
invaluable support with PRIMER and PERMANOVA software. Useful comments
on the statistics and the text were provided by Antonio Terlizzi, Marti
Jane Anderson, Shay Viehman, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Mike J. Durako
and three anonymous reviewers. This project was funded by a combination
of sources including: Programmatic funds provided by the Center for
Coastal Fishery and Habitat Research (CCFHR), National Centers for
Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service, NOAA, a Long-Term
Agreement between NCCOS and the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries,
NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration, and the Florida Fish and
Wildlife Research Commission. Giuseppe Di Carlos's Post-Doctoral
Fellowship at CCFHR was supported by the National Research
Council/National Academies of Science.
NR 55
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 5
U2 29
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 158
IS 2
BP 285
EP 298
DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1120-0
PG 14
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 363UZ
UT WOS:000260293700010
PM 18830634
ER
PT J
AU Arndt, DS
Ladue, DS
AF Arndt, Derek S.
Ladue, Daphne S.
TI APPLYING CONCEPTS OF ADULT EDUCATION TO IMPROVE WEATHER AND CLIMATE
LITERACY
SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE adult education; climate literacy; andragogy; diffusion of innovation;
hazards
AB The increased importance of climate and climate-change issues has fostered a new emphasis on "climate literacy" for the American and global population. However, because the issue's acceptance into mainstream discourse is relatively recent, and knowledge is rapidly changing, many of the climate-literacy learners who will impact future policy decisions are today's adults. Many educational theorists have determined that adults have different educational approaches and needs than traditional ("school-age") learners. This article introduces two major frameworks that inform adult education: andragogy and the diffusion of innovations. Each of these frameworks is made up of their own internal assumptions and concepts. These frameworks have been implemented-both intentionally and unintentionally-into climate literacy programs in Oklahoma. We examine the impact of these frameworks on OK-First, a public-safety outreach program that provides education and decision-support for public safety officials who must make decisions in the face of hazardous weather or weather-impacted hazards. The application of these adult educational tenets has been an integral part of ongoing efforts to improve the effectiveness of the program.
C1 [Arndt, Derek S.; Ladue, Daphne S.] Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Arndt, DS (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RI Arndt, Derek/J-3022-2013
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD
PI COLUMBIA
PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA
SN 0272-3646
J9 PHYS GEOGR
JI Phys. Geogr.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 6
BP 487
EP 499
DI 10.2747/0272-3646.29.6.487
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 423HW
UT WOS:000264488400002
ER
PT J
AU Niepold, F
Herring, D
McConville, D
AF Niepold, Frank
Herring, David
McConville, David
TI THE ROLE OF NARRATIVE AND GEOSPATIAL VISUALIZATION IN FOSTERING CLIMATE
LITERATE CITIZENS
SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE climate; climate change; global warming; Earth science; climate
literacy; science literacy; education; visualization; storytelling
ID SCIENCE; CONSENSUS
AB The advent of the Internet and evolutionary advances in geospatial data browsers, virtual globes, and immersive visualization displays have significantly increased the potential for a more climate science literate public. At the same time, space-based Earth-observing agencies like NASA and NOAA in the United States have geometrically increased the volume of data they collect everyday over the entire globe. Fortunately, Moore's Law held true during that same time span, so that the processing capacity of modern computers has exponentially increased, enabling scientists to collect, process, and share these data with increasing efficiency and turnaround time. Since 1980, the combination of these technologies has substantially increased public access to cutting-edge climate science data and information. But has there been a corresponding increase in public climate science literacy? Has there also been a corresponding improvement in public attitudes and opinions about climate science research? In this paper, we review current research about public awareness, understanding, and opinions about existing climate research. We also review several initiatives that our agencies (NASA and NOAA) have taken to help improve climate science literacy. Our research coincides with others' findings in, suggesting that it is possible to improve climate science literacy and positive attitudes about modern climate research, via particular methods of communication. We conclude with a call for collaborators to work with NASA and NOAA in the assembly of a "synergetic" new climate science communications and education infrastructure, as articulated by the late R. Buckminster Fuller, in which the whole works together much more effectively than the sum of the individual parts. We argue that the inherent difficulty of improving public climate science literacy, much less addressing the problems that stem from illiteracy and negative attitudes toward climate science, render the problem too great for any one agency or effort to tackle alone. Addressing the problem synergistically through transdisciplinary collaborations increases the potential for success while enriching all those involved in climate literacy efforts.
C1 [Niepold, Frank] NOAA, UCAR Climate Program Off, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Herring, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[McConville, David] Elumenati, Asheville, NC 28806 USA.
RP Niepold, F (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR Climate Program Off, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC 3,Room 12117, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 27
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 26
PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD
PI COLUMBIA
PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA
SN 0272-3646
J9 PHYS GEOGR
JI Phys. Geogr.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 6
BP 529
EP 544
DI 10.2747/0272-3646.29.6.529
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 423HW
UT WOS:000264488400005
ER
PT J
AU Dauler, EA
Stevens, MJ
Baek, B
Molnar, RJ
Hamilton, SA
Mirin, RP
Nam, SW
Berggren, KK
AF Dauler, Eric A.
Stevens, Martin J.
Baek, Burm
Molnar, Richard J.
Hamilton, Scott A.
Mirin, Richard P.
Nam, Sae Woo
Berggren, Karl K.
TI Measuring intensity correlations with a two-element superconducting
nanowire single-photon detector
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
AB Second-order intensity correlation measurements were made using a two-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) without the need for an optical beam splitter. This approach can be used to obtain a 50-ps full width at half maximum timing resolution over a wide range of visible and near-infrared wavelengths and can be extended to measure higher-order intensity correlations. Measurements of the second-order intensity correlation of a pulsed laser and an InGaAs quantum dot were made using both a two-element SNSPD and a conventional Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometer to demonstrate the accuracy and advantages of the multielement SNSPD.
C1 [Dauler, Eric A.; Berggren, Karl K.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Dauler, Eric A.; Molnar, Richard J.; Hamilton, Scott A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA.
[Stevens, Martin J.; Baek, Burm; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Dauler, EA (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 5
AR 053826
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.053826
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 376XF
UT WOS:000261215600173
ER
PT J
AU Hutson, JM
Tiesinga, E
Julienne, PS
AF Hutson, Jeremy M.
Tiesinga, Eite
Julienne, Paul S.
TI Avoided crossings between bound states of ultracold cesium dimers
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; RELAXATION RATES; COLD MOLECULES; CS-133 ATOMS;
QUANTUM GAS; SCATTERING; SPIN; POTENTIALS; COLLISIONS; EQUATION
AB We present an efficient computational method for calculating the binding energies of the bound states of ultracold alkali-metal dimers in the presence of magnetic fields. The method is based on propagation of coupled differential equations and does not use a basis set for the interatomic distance coordinate. It is much more efficient than the previous method based on a radial basis set and allows many more spin channels to be included. This is particularly important in the vicinity of avoided crossings between bound states. We characterize a number of different avoided crossings in Cs-2 and compare our converged calculations with experimental results. Small but significant discrepancies are observed in both crossing strengths and level positions, especially for levels with l symmetry (rotational angular momentum L=8). The discrepancies should allow the development of improved potential models in the future.
C1 [Hutson, Jeremy M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
[Tiesinga, Eite; Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tiesinga, Eite; Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hutson, JM (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Chem, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
FU Office of Naval Research; EPSRC
FX P.S.J. acknowledges the Office of Naval Research for partial support. J.
M. H. is grateful to EPSRC for support under the ESF EUROCORES Program
EuroQUAM.
NR 39
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 5
AR 052703
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.052703
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 376XF
UT WOS:000261215600088
ER
PT J
AU Kreyssig, A
Green, MA
Lee, Y
Samolyuk, GD
Zajdel, P
Lynn, JW
Bud'ko, SL
Torikachvili, MS
Ni, N
Nandi, S
Leao, JB
Poulton, SJ
Argyriou, DN
Harmon, BN
McQueeney, RJ
Canfield, PC
Goldman, AI
AF Kreyssig, A.
Green, M. A.
Lee, Y.
Samolyuk, G. D.
Zajdel, P.
Lynn, J. W.
Bud'ko, S. L.
Torikachvili, M. S.
Ni, N.
Nandi, S.
Leao, J. B.
Poulton, S. J.
Argyriou, D. N.
Harmon, B. N.
McQueeney, R. J.
Canfield, P. C.
Goldman, A. I.
TI Pressure-induced volume-collapsed tetragonal phase of CaFe2As2 as seen
via neutron scattering
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID 43 K; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAO1-XFXFEAS
AB Recent investigations of the superconducting iron-arsenide families have highlighted the role of pressure, be it chemical or mechanical, in fostering superconductivity. Here we report that CaFe2As2 undergoes a pressure-induced transition to a nonmagnetic volume "collapsed" tetragonal phase, which becomes superconducting at lower temperature. Spin-polarized total-energy calculations on the collapsed structure reveal that the magnetic Fe moment itself collapses, consistent with the absence of magnetic order in neutron diffraction.
C1 [Kreyssig, A.; Lee, Y.; Samolyuk, G. D.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Ni, N.; Nandi, S.; Harmon, B. N.; McQueeney, R. J.; Canfield, P. C.; Goldman, A. I.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Kreyssig, A.; Lee, Y.; Samolyuk, G. D.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Ni, N.; Nandi, S.; Harmon, B. N.; McQueeney, R. J.; Canfield, P. C.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Green, M. A.; Zajdel, P.; Lynn, J. W.; Leao, J. B.; Poulton, S. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Green, M. A.; Poulton, S. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Zajdel, P.] UCL, Dept Chem, London W1X 0AJ, England.
[Torikachvili, M. S.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Argyriou, D. N.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
RP Kreyssig, A (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM kreyssig@ameslab.gov
RI Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; McQueeney,
Robert/A-2864-2016
OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602
NR 31
TC 223
Z9 225
U1 5
U2 42
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 18
AR 184517
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.184517
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 376WX
UT WOS:000261214800101
ER
PT J
AU Lawler, HM
Rehr, JJ
Vila, F
Dalosto, SD
Shirley, EL
Levine, ZH
AF Lawler, H. M.
Rehr, J. J.
Vila, F.
Dalosto, S. D.
Shirley, E. L.
Levine, Z. H.
TI Optical to UV spectra and birefringence of SiO2 and TiO2:
First-principles calculations with excitonic effects
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ANATASE TIO2; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ENERGY
CALCULATIONS; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; GREENS-FUNCTION; 1ST PRINCIPLES;
RUTILE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS
AB A first-principles approach is presented for calculations of optical, ultraviolet spectra including excitonic effects. The approach is based on Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations using the NBSE code combined with ground-state density-functional theory calculations from the electronic structure code ABINIT. Test calculations for bulk Si are presented, and the approach is illustrated with calculations of the optical spectra and birefringence of alpha-phase SiO2 and the rutile and anatase phases of TiO2. An interpretation of the strong birefringence in TiO2 is presented.
C1 [Lawler, H. M.; Rehr, J. J.; Vila, F.; Dalosto, S. D.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Dalosto, S. D.; Shirley, E. L.; Levine, Z. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lawler, HM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
FU U. S. DOE [DE-FG03-97ER45623]; NIST [70 NANB7H6141]
FX This work was supported by U. S. DOE under Grant No. DE-FG03-97ER45623
(J.J.R., H.M.L., S.D.D.), by NIST under Grant No. 70 NANB7H6141
(S.D.D.), and was facilitated by the DOE Computational Materials Science
Network. M. Prange, J. Kas, and A. Sorini assisted with testing the
interface. We also thank L. Reining, V. Olevano, S. IsmailBeigi, and
especially X. Gonze and the ABINIT development group for helpful
discussions.
NR 45
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 26
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 20
AR 205108
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.205108
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 376XD
UT WOS:000261215400021
ER
PT J
AU Qu, Z
Spinu, L
Yuan, HQ
Dobrosavljevic, V
Bao, W
Lynn, JW
Nicklas, M
Peng, J
Liu, TJ
Fobes, D
Flesch, E
Mao, ZQ
AF Qu, Zhe
Spinu, Leonard
Yuan, Huiqiu
Dobrosavljevic, Vladimir
Bao, Wei
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
Nicklas, M.
Peng, Jin
Liu, Tijiang
Fobes, David
Flesch, Etienne
Mao, Z. Q.
TI Unusual heavy-mass nearly ferromagnetic state with a surprisingly large
Wilson ratio in the double layered ruthenates (Sr(1-x)Ca(x))(3)Ru(2)O(7)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SR3RU2O7; TRANSITION; METAL; INSULATOR; PHASE
AB We report an unusual nearly ferromagnetic heavy-mass state with a surprisingly large Wilson ratio R(w) (e.g., R(w) similar to 700 for x=0.2) in double layered ruthenates (Sr(1-x)Ca(x))(3)Ru(2)O(7) with 0.08 < x < 0.4. This state does not evolve into a long-range ferromagnetically ordered state despite considerably strong ferromagnetic correlations, but it freezes into a cluster-spin glass at low temperatures. In addition, evidence of non-Fermi-liquid behavior is observed as the spin-freezing temperature of the cluster-spin glass approaches zero near x approximate to 0.1. We discuss the origin of this unique magnetic state from the Fermi-surface information probed by Hall-effect measurements.
C1 [Qu, Zhe; Peng, Jin; Liu, Tijiang; Fobes, David; Flesch, Etienne; Mao, Z. Q.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
[Spinu, Leonard] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
[Spinu, Leonard] Univ New Orleans, AMRI, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
[Yuan, Huiqiu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Dobrosavljevic, Vladimir] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Dobrosavljevic, Vladimir] Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Nicklas, M.] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
RP Qu, Z (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
EM zmao@tulane.edu
RI Qu, Zhe/H-6406-2011; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; LIU, TIJIANG/A-3242-2013;
Nicklas, Michael/B-6344-2008; Fobes, David/E-8526-2014
OI Qu, Zhe/0000-0003-3865-8337; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Nicklas,
Michael/0000-0001-6272-2162; Fobes, David/0000-0001-8252-2061
FU NSF [DMR-0645305, DMR-0542026]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46358]; ARO
[W911NF-08-C-0131]; Research Corporation; DARPA [HR0011-07-1-0031]
FX We thank C. M. Varma, I. Vekhter, A. V. Balatsky, M. J. Case, Z. Islam,
and Y. Liu for useful discussions. Work at Tulane by the NSF under Grant
No. DMR-0645305, the DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46358, the ARO
under Grant No. W911NF-08-C-0131, and the Research Corporation. Work at
UNO is supported by DARPA under Contract No. HR0011-07-1-0031; work in
Florida is supported by the NSF under Contract No. DMR-0542026; and work
at LANL is supported by the NSF, DOE, and the State of Florida. H. Y.
also acknowledges support from I2CAM and the kind hospitality of
MPI-CPFS.
NR 27
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 18
AR 180407
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.180407
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 376WX
UT WOS:000261214800009
ER
PT J
AU Tian, W
Li, JY
Lynn, JW
Zarestky, JL
Vaknin, D
AF Tian, Wei
Li, Jiying
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
Zarestky, Jerel L.
Vaknin, David
TI Spin dynamics in the magnetoelectric effect compound LiCoPO(4)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIZATION ANALYSIS; MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; LINIPO4; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM;
SCATTERING; MECHANISM; CRYSTAL
AB Inelastic neutron-scattering (INS) experiments were performed to investigate the spin dynamics in magnetoelectric effect LiCoPO(4) single crystals. Weak dispersion was detected in the magnetic excitation spectra along the three principal crystallographic axes measured around the (0 1 0) magnetic reflection. Analysis of the data using linear spin-wave theory indicates that single-ion anisotropy in LiCoPO(4) is as important as the strongest nearest-neighbor exchange coupling. Our results suggest that Co(2+) single-ion anisotropy plays an important role in the spin dynamics of LiCoPO(4) and must be taken into account in understanding its physical properties. High-resolution INS measurements reveal an anomalous low-energy excitation that we hypothesize may be related to the magnetoelectric effect of LiCoPO(4).
C1 [Tian, Wei; Zarestky, Jerel L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Tian, Wei; Zarestky, Jerel L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Li, Jiying; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Li, Jiying] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Tian, W (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RI Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009
OI Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248
FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science
[DE-AC0207CH11358]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Materials Science [AC0500OR22725]; National Science Foundation
[DMR-0454672]; National Institute of Standards Technology
FX We acknowledge discussions with T. Barnes. Ames Laboratory was supported
by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science under
Contract No. DE-AC0207CH11358. The HFIR is a national user facility
funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Materials Science under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725 with
UT-Battelle, LLC. SPINS was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation through Grant No. DMR-0454672. The work has benefited from
the use of the NIST Center of Neutron Research at the National Institute
of Standards Technology.
NR 32
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 18
AR 184429
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.184429
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 376WX
UT WOS:000261214800075
ER
PT J
AU Tranquada, JM
Gu, GD
Hucker, M
Jie, Q
Kang, HJ
Klingeler, R
Li, Q
Tristan, N
Wen, JS
Xu, GY
Xu, ZJ
Zhou, J
van Zimmermann, M
AF Tranquada, J. M.
Gu, G. D.
Huecker, M.
Jie, Q.
Kang, H. -J.
Klingeler, R.
Li, Q.
Tristan, N.
Wen, J. S.
Xu, G. Y.
Xu, Z. J.
Zhou, J.
v. Zimmermann, M.
TI Evidence for unusual superconducting correlations coexisting with stripe
order in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C
SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES;
QUASI-PARTICLE; FERMI-SURFACE; DOPED ANTIFERROMAGNETS; STRUCTURAL
TRANSITIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY
AB We present new x-ray and neutron-scattering measurements of stripe order in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4, along with low-field susceptibility, thermal conductivity, and specific-heat data. We compare these with previously reported results for resistivity and thermopower. Temperature-dependent features indicating transitions (or crossovers) are correlated among the various experimental quantities. Taking into account recent spectroscopic studies, we argue that the most likely interpretation of the complete collection of results is that an unusual form of two-dimensional superconducting correlations appears together with the onset of spin-stripe order. Recent theoretical proposals for a sinusoidally modulated superconducting state compatible with stripe order provide an intriguing explanation of our results and motivate further experimental tests. We also discuss evidence for one-dimensional pairing correlations that appear together with the charge order. With regard to the overall phenomenology, we consider the degree to which similar behavior may have been observed in other cuprates and describe possible connections to various puzzling phenomena in cuprate superconductors.
C1 [Tranquada, J. M.; Gu, G. D.; Huecker, M.; Jie, Q.; Li, Q.; Wen, J. S.; Xu, G. Y.; Xu, Z. J.; Zhou, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Kang, H. -J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Klingeler, R.; Tristan, N.] IFW Dresden, Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res, D-01171 Dresden, Germany.
[v. Zimmermann, M.] Deutsch Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslab HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany.
RP Tranquada, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu,
Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013;
Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; Klingeler, Rudiger/E-5941-2010; Jie,
Qing/N-8673-2013
OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466;
Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Gu,
Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; Klingeler, Rudiger/0000-0002-8816-9614;
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Office of Science, U.S.
Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886]
FX We are grateful to S. A. Kivelson, E. Fradkin, V Oganesyan, T. M. Rice,
M. Strongin, and A. Tsvelik for valuable discussions. We acknowledge the
support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.
Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities
used in this work. This work was supported by the Office of Science,
U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886.
NR 165
TC 105
Z9 105
U1 0
U2 24
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 17
AR 174529
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.174529
PG 13
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 376WU
UT WOS:000261214500097
ER
PT J
AU Ye, F
Ren, Y
Fernandez-Baca, JA
Mook, HA
Lynn, JW
Chaudhury, RP
Wang, YQ
Lorenz, B
Chu, CW
AF Ye, F.
Ren, Y.
Fernandez-Baca, J. A.
Mook, H. A.
Lynn, J. W.
Chaudhury, R. P.
Wang, Y. -Q.
Lorenz, B.
Chu, C. W.
TI Magnetic switching and phase competition in the multiferroic
antiferromagnet Mn1-xFexWO4
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
DE antiferromagnetic materials; dielectric polarisation; ferroelectric
materials; frustration; iron compounds; magnetic structure; magnetic
switching; magnetoelectric effects; manganese compounds; multiferroics;
neutron diffraction
ID MNWO4; FERROELECTRICITY; POLARIZATION
AB Elastic neutron scattering is used to study the spin correlations in the multiferroic Mn1-xFexWO4 with x=0.035, 0.05, and 0.10. The noncollinear incommensurate (ICM) magnetic structure associated with the ferroelectric (FE) phase in pure MnWO4 is suppressed at x=0.035 and completely absent at x=0.10. The ICM spin order and FE phase can be restored by applying a magnetic field along the spin easy axis. The low-T commensurate magnetic structure extends in both H/T with increasing Fe concentration. The systematic evolution of the magnetic and electric properties indicates that the noncollinear ICM spin order results from competing magnetic interactions and its stabilization can be tuned by the internal (x) or external (magnetic-field) perturbations.
C1 [Ye, F.; Fernandez-Baca, J. A.; Mook, H. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Fernandez-Baca, J. A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chaudhury, R. P.; Wang, Y. -Q.; Lorenz, B.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Chaudhury, R. P.; Wang, Y. -Q.; Lorenz, B.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
RP Ye, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM yef1@ornl.gov
RI Ye, Feng/B-3210-2010; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014
OI Ye, Feng/0000-0001-7477-4648; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096
FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy; National
Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; T.L.L. Temple Foundation; J.J. and R.
Moores Endowment; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; State of
Texas through TCSUH
FX We are grateful to R. S. Fishman and T. Kimura for helpful discussions.
This work was partially supported by Division of Scientific User
Facilities of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National
Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. Work at Houston was
supported by the T.L.L. Temple Foundation, the J.J. and R. Moores
Endowment, the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the
State of Texas through TCSUH.
NR 29
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 19
AR 193101
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.193101
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 396RC
UT WOS:000262607800001
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, RD
Pitman, RL
Ballance, LT
AF Andrews, Russel D.
Pitman, Robert L.
Ballance, Lisa T.
TI Satellite tracking reveals distinct movement patterns for Type B and
Type C killer whales in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctica; Killer whale; Ecotype; Ross Sea; Satellite tracking
ID ORCINUS-ORCA; EMPEROR PENGUIN; BEHAVIOR; WATERS; ICE; ECHOLOCATION;
PREDATION; ADELIE; ISLAND; FISH
AB During January/February 2006, we satellite-tracked two different ecotypes of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica, using surface-mounted tags attached with sub-dermal darts. A single Type B whale (pinniped prey specialist), tracked for 27 days, traveled an average net distance of 56.8 +/- 32.8 km day(-1), a maximum of 114 km day(-1), and covered an estimated area of 49,351 km(2). It spent several days near two large emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) colonies, a potential prey item for this form. By contrast, four Type C killer whales (fish prey specialists) tracked for 7-65 days, traveled an average net distance of 20 +/- 8.3 km day(-1), a maximum of 56 net km day(-1), and covered an estimated area of only 5,223 km(2). These movement patterns are consistent with those of killer whale ecotypes in the eastern North Pacific where mammal-eating 'transients' travel widely and are less predictable in their movements, and fish-eating 'residents' have a more localized distribution and more predictable occurrence, at least during the summer months.
C1 [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Pitman, Robert L.; Ballance, Lisa T.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Andrews, RD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
EM RussA@alaskasealife.org
NR 42
TC 72
Z9 79
U1 4
U2 43
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 31
IS 12
BP 1461
EP 1468
DI 10.1007/s00300-008-0487-z
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 359VW
UT WOS:000260017200005
ER
PT J
AU Jones, CD
Anderson, ME
Balushkin, AV
Duhamel, G
Eakin, RR
Eastman, JT
Kuhn, KL
Lecointre, G
Near, TJ
North, AW
Stein, DL
Vacchi, M
Detrich, HW
AF Jones, Christopher D.
Anderson, M. Eric
Balushkin, Arcady V.
Duhamel, Guy
Eakin, Richard R.
Eastman, Joseph T.
Kuhn, Kristen L.
Lecointre, Guillaume
Near, Thomas J.
North, Anthony W.
Stein, David L.
Vacchi, Marino
Detrich, H. William, III
TI Diversity, relative abundance, new locality records and population
structure of Antarctic demersal fishes from the northern Scotia Arc
islands and Bouvetoya
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Notothenioidei; South Sandwich Islands; Dispersal; ND2 mitochondrial DNA
ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; LEPIDONOTOTHEN-SQUAMIFRONS;
DISSOSTICHUS-ELEGINOIDES; CHAMPSOCEPHALUS-GUNNARI;
CHAENOCEPHALUS-ACERATUS; PATAGONIAN TOOTHFISH; GEORGIA; OCEAN; DIET
AB A primary objective of the ICEFISH 2004 cruise was to collect and study notothenioid fishes from remote localities in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Nearly 1 month was devoted to bottom trawling for fishes on the shelf and upper slope (to 1,000 m) areas around Shag Rocks, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands and Bouvetoya. The focus was on the latter two locations, because their faunas are more poorly known. Eight species were collected at Shag Rocks with Patagonotothen guntheri most abundant; 17 at South Georgia with Lepidonotothen nudifrons, L. larseni and Gobionotothen gibberifrons most abundant; 13 at the South Sandwich Islands with L. larseni, L. nudifrons and G. gibberifrons most abundant; and 11 at Bouvetoya with L. larseni, Macrourus holotrachys and L. squamifrons most abundant. Ten new locality records were established: Shag Rocks (1), South Georgia (1), South Sandwich Islands (5), South Sandwich Trench at 5,350 m (1) and Bouvetoya (2). Total known demersal fish diversity on the shelf and upper slope at Shag Rocks/South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands and Bouvetoya is 42, 31 and 17 species, respectively. To examine population structure in the four most abundant notothenioids at Bouvetoya (L. larseni, L. squamifrons, Notothenia coriiceps and Chaenocephalus aceratus), we examined the ND2 portion of mitochondrial DNA. Chaenocephalus aceratus, N. coriiceps and L. larseni exhibited no significant genetic differentiation in comparison with samples from localities in the Scotia Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula. However, L. squamifrons showed significant genetic differentiation between the South Shetlands and Bouvetoya populations (F-ST = 0.189, P = 0.015). Thus, these data combined with previous studies of two other notothenioids suggest that five of the six notothenioid species at Bouvetoya are not genetically differentiated from other localities in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. The location of Bouvetoya within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the long (1-2 years) pelagic stages of the notothenioids at Bouvetoya may be at least partly responsible for this genetic homogeneity.
C1 [Eastman, Joseph T.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Jones, Christopher D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Anderson, M. Eric] S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa.
[Balushkin, Arcady V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Lab Ichthyol, St Petersburg 199034, Russia.
[Duhamel, Guy] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Milieux & Peuplements Aquat, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Lecointre, Guillaume] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Systemat & Evolut, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Kuhn, Kristen L.; Near, Thomas J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
[Stein, David L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Vacchi, Marino] Univ Genoa, ICRAM, Museo Nazl Antartide, I-16132 Genoa, Italy.
[Detrich, H. William, III] Northeastern Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RP Eastman, JT (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
EM eastman@ohiou.edu
RI Eastman, Joseph/A-9786-2008; MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/IRD, UMR BOREA/B-2312-2012
FU National Science Foundation [OPP 01-32032, ANT 04-36190]
FX We thank the captain, crew and personnel of Raytheon Polar Services
aboard the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer for their excellent assistance
during this long cruise. The ICEFISH cruise was supported by National
Science Foundation grant OPP 01-32032 to H. William Detrich
(Northeastern University). This is publication number 21 from the
ICEFISH Cruise of 2004 (H.W. Detrich, Chief Scientist). For more
information on the ICEFISH cruise visit: http:// www. icefish. neu. edu.
J.T. Eastman was supported by National Science Foundation grant ANT
04-36190. We are grateful to Dr. Tom Munroe of the Smithsonian
Institution for identifying and facilitating cataloging of XatWshes into
the USNM as well as for answering our questions about this group. Dr.
Martin Collins of the British Antarctic Survey kindly provided
unpublished data on the number of fish species at South Georgia. K. L.
Kuhn and T.J. Near thank Jillian Pennington for her help with the ND2
sequencing. We all thank Sandra K. Parker (Northeastern University) for
her meticulous pre-cruise preparation of all logistic issues pertaining
to ICEFISH.
NR 74
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
EI 1432-2056
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 31
IS 12
BP 1481
EP 1497
DI 10.1007/s00300-008-0489-x
PG 17
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 359VW
UT WOS:000260017200007
ER
PT J
AU Modesti, M
Besco, S
Lorenzetti, A
Zammarano, M
Causin, V
Marega, C
Gilman, JW
Fox, DM
Trulove, PC
De Long, HC
Maupin, PH
AF Modesti, M.
Besco, S.
Lorenzetti, A.
Zammarano, M.
Causin, V.
Marega, C.
Gilman, J. W.
Fox, D. M.
Trulove, P. C.
De Long, H. C.
Maupin, P. H.
TI Imidazolium-modified clay-based ABS nanocomposites: a comparison between
melt-blending and solution-sonication processes
SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
LA English
DT Article
DE ABS; imidazolium salts; solution processing; melt-blending;
nanocomposites; Nile Blue A; fluorescence probe
ID POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION;
EXFOLIATION; MODEL; MONTMORILLONITE; AMMONIUM; BEHAVIOR
AB Acrylonitrile--butadiene--styrene (ABS) nanocomposites containing imidazolium-modified montmorillonite have been prepared by melt-blending (MB) and solution-sonication in order to study the effects of processing on the morphology and properties of the polymer/clay composites. The structure-property relationships of the prepared composites have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mechanical testing, dynamic-mechanical analyses (DMA), thermal gravimetrical analyses (TGA), fluorescence probe confocal microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). X-Ray and TEM show that both nanocomposites have a mixed intercalated/exfoliated structure. Fluorescence probe confocal microscopy reveals that the sonicated sample has a more homogeneous dispersion: this result is confirmed by the values of elongation at break and flexural elastic modulus measured for the composites. Fluorescence spectroscopy has also been used to investigate the distribution of clay in the composites and results indicate that clay layers in ABS are preferentially located in the styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) phase, independent of the dispersion process used. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Modesti, M.; Besco, S.; Lorenzetti, A.] Univ Padua, Dept Chem Proc Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
[Zammarano, M.; Gilman, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Causin, V.; Marega, C.] Univ Padua, Dept Chem Sci, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
[Fox, D. M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
[Trulove, P. C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.
[De Long, H. C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
[Maupin, P. H.] US DOE, Off Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
RP Modesti, M (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Chem Proc Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
EM michele.modesti@unipd.it
OI causin, valerio/0000-0002-2581-8445
NR 21
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 13
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1042-7147
EI 1099-1581
J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL
JI Polym. Adv. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 19
IS 11
BP 1576
EP 1583
DI 10.1002/pat.1172
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 375VM
UT WOS:000261141900018
ER
PT J
AU Postek, MT
Vladar, AE
AF Postek, Michael T.
Vladar, Andras E.
TI Helium Ion Microscopy and Its Application to Nanotechnology and
Nanometrology
SO SCANNING
LA English
DT Article
DE helium ion; microscopy; scanning electron microscope; SEM;
nanomanufacturing; nanometrology; HeIM
ID METROLOGY
AB Helium ion microscopy (HeIM) presents a new approach to nanotechnology and nanometrology, which has several potential advantages over the traditional scanning electron microscope (SEM) currently in use in research laboratories and manufacturing facilities across the world. Owing to the very high Source brightness, and the shorter wavelength of the helium (He) ions, it is theoretically possible to focus the ion beam into a smaller probe size relative to that of the electron beam of in SEM. Hence, resolution 2 x - 4 x better than that of comparable SEMs is theoretically possible. In an SEM, an electron beam interacts with the sample and an array of signals are generated, collected and imaged. This interaction zone may be quite large depending upon the accelerating voltage and materials involved. Conversely, the helium ion beam interacts with the sample, but it does not have as large an excitation volume and, thus, the image collected is more surface sensitive and can potentially provide sharp images on a wide range of materials. Compared with an SEM, the secondary electron yield is quite high-allowing for imaging at extremely low beam currents and the relatively low mass of the helium ion, in contrast to other ion Sources such as gallium, potentially results in minimal damage to the sample. This article reports on some of the preliminary work being done on the HeIM as a research and measurement tool for nanotechnology and nanometrology being done at NIST. SCANNING 30: 457-462, 2008. Published 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Div Precis Engn, MS 8210, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Postek@nist.gov
FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; ALIS/Zeiss Applications
Laboratory
FX The authors thank and acknowledge Steve Knight and Jack Martinez of the
NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs for their support of this work
and the assistance obtained from the ALIS/Zeiss Applications Laboratory.
NR 8
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 25
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0161-0457
J9 SCANNING
JI Scanning
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 30
IS 6
BP 457
EP 462
DI 10.1002/sca.20129
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy
GA 401SQ
UT WOS:000262962800005
ER
PT J
AU DelRio, FW
Dunn, ML
de Boer, MP
AF DelRio, Frank W.
Dunn, Martin L.
de Boer, Maarten P.
TI Capillary adhesion model for contacting micromachined surfaces
SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Adhesion; Capillary phenomena; Interfaces; Plastic deformation;
Tribology
ID ELECTROWETTING-BASED ACTUATION; ROUGH SURFACES; LIQUID DROPLETS; WATER;
CONDENSATION; SILICON; FORCES; FLAT
AB A capillary adhesion model for contacting micromachined surfaces is presented. It is found that the effect of plasticity is small while that of surface correlations and disjoining pressure are important. By matching the model to experimental results, we extract the thickness of the disjoining layer vs. relative humidity (RH) and compare it to reported values. The extracted thickness is smaller than those in the literature, which may explain why capillarity effects occur only at relatively high RH in the experiments. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [DelRio, Frank W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Dunn, Martin L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[de Boer, Maarten P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM frank.delrio@nist.gov
RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013;
OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324; DUNN, MARTIN/0000-0002-4531-9176
NR 33
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6462
J9 SCRIPTA MATER
JI Scr. Mater.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 59
IS 9
BP 916
EP 920
DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.02.037
PG 5
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA 358QD
UT WOS:000259931700003
ER
PT J
AU Kalra, V
Lee, J
Lee, JH
Lee, SG
Marquez, M
Wiesner, U
Joo, YL
AF Kalra, Vibha
Lee, Jinwoo
Lee, Jung Hun
Lee, Seung Goo
Marquez, Manuel
Wiesner, Ulrich
Joo, Yong Lak
TI Controlling Nanoparticle Location via Confined Assembly in Electrospun
Block Copolymer Nanofibers
SO SMALL
LA English
DT Article
DE block copolymers; confined self-assembly; etectrospinning; magnetite
nanoparticles; nanofibers
ID POLYMER NANOFIBERS; FIBERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES
AB Coaxial nanofibers with poly (styrene-block-isoprene) (PS-b-PI)/magnetite nanoparticles as core and silica as shell are fabricated using electrospinning. ([1-4]) Thermally stable silica helps to anneal the fibers above the glass transition temperature of PS-b-PI and form ordered nanocomposite morphologies. Monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles (NPs; 4nm) are synthesized and surface coated with oleic acid to provide marginal selectivity towards an isoprene domain. When 4 wt% nanoparticles are added to symmetric PS-b-PI, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of microtomed electrospun fibers reveal that NPs are uniformly dispersed only in the PI domain, and that the confined lamellar assembly in the form of alternate concentric rings of PS and PI is preserved. For 10 wt% NPs, a morphology transition is seen from concentric rings to a co-continuous phase with NPs again uniformly dispersed in the PI domains. No aggregates or loss of PI selectivity is found in spite of interparticle attraction. Magnetic properties are measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer and all nanocomposite fiber samples exhibit superparamagnetic behavior.
C1 [Kalra, Vibha; Lee, Jung Hun; Joo, Yong Lak] Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Wiesner, Ulrich] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Lee, Jinwoo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Kyungbuk 790784, South Korea.
[Lee, Seung Goo] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Organ Mat & Text Syst, FTIT BK21, Taejon 305764, South Korea.
[Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Joo, YL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM ylj2@cornell.edu
RI Lee, Jinwoo/G-3330-2016
OI Lee, Jinwoo/0000-0001-6347-0446
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0605856]; Chungnam National University
FX The authors would like to thank Lashanda Korley for her TEM image on
PS-b-Pl/magnetite nanorods. This research was funded by the
Interdisciplinary Network of Emerging Technology Group. The financial
support of the National Science Foundation (award DMR-0605856) is
gratefully acknowledged. This work was also partially supported by the
2006 Overseas Research Program of Chungnam National University.
NR 29
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Z9 55
U1 3
U2 73
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1613-6810
J9 SMALL
JI Small
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 4
IS 11
BP 2067
EP 2073
DI 10.1002/smll.200800279
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 377CX
UT WOS:000261230400031
PM 18932189
ER
PT J
AU Page, K
Li, J
Savinelli, R
Szumila, HN
Zhang, JP
Stalick, JK
Proffen, T
Scott, SL
Seshadri, R
AF Page, Katharine
Li, Jun
Savinelli, Robert
Szumila, Holly N.
Zhang, Jinping
Stalick, Judith K.
Proffen, Thomas
Scott, Susannah L.
Seshadri, Ram
TI Reciprocal-space and real-space neutron investigation of nanostructured
Mo(2)C and WC
SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Metal carbides; Nanostructures; Pair-distribution function method;
Neutron diffraction
ID METAL HEMICARBIDES M2C1-X; POWDER DIFFRACTION; AMMONIUM PARATUNGSTATE;
MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE; TUNGSTEN CARBIDE; TEMPERATURE; RESOLUTION
AB As possible substitute materials for platinum group metal heterogeneous catalysts, high surface area carbides of the early transition metals Mo and W are of great interest. Here we report nanostructured, high surface area Mo(2)C and WC prepared by decomposing and carburizing ammonium paramolybdate [(NH(4))(6)Mo(7)O(24)center dot 4H(2)O] and ammonium paratungstate [(NH(4))(10)W(12)O(41)center dot 5H(2)O] in flowing 50%CH(4)/50%H(2). Surface areas as high as 52 m(2)/g for Mo(2)C and 24 m(2)/g for WC were obtained, with both structures crystallizing in structures appropriate for catalytic activity. We have studied these materials using a combination of neutron diffraction Rietveld refinement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface area measurements, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. In addition, we have used pair-distribution function (PDF) analysis of the neutron total scattering data as a means of establishing the presence of graphitic carbon in the as-prepared materials. (c) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
C1 [Savinelli, Robert; Scott, Susannah L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Page, Katharine; Li, Jun; Szumila, Holly N.; Zhang, Jinping; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Page, Katharine; Li, Jun; Szumila, Holly N.; Zhang, Jinping; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Scott, Susannah L.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Stalick, Judith K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Proffen, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Scott, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM sscott@engineering.ucsb.edu; seshadri@mrl.ucsb.edu
RI Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Seshadri,
Ram/C-4205-2013; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009
OI Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383; Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027;
Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031
FU Department of Energy, (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
[FG02-05ER15025]; National Science Foundation; NSF [DMR05-20415];
National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of
Commerce; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences;
National Science Foundation [DMR00-76488]
FX This work has been supported by the Department of Energy, (DOE) Office
of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) through grant DE-FG02-05ER15025. KP and
HNS were supported by the National Science Foundation through a Graduate
Research Fellowship and through an Undergraduate Internship (RISE
Program), respectively. The work at UCSB made use of facilities of the
Materials Research Laboratory, supported by the NSF (DMR05-20415). We
acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron
research facilities. This work benefited from the use of the Lujan
Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the Department of
Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The upgrade of NPDF was funded
by the National Science Foundation through grant DMR00-76488.
NR 32
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1293-2558
J9 SOLID STATE SCI
JI Solid State Sci.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 10
IS 11
BP 1499
EP 1510
DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2008.03.018
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed
Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 378XN
UT WOS:000261358300005
ER
PT J
AU van der Laan, DC
Ekin, JW
AF van der Laan, D. C.
Ekin, J. W.
TI Dependence of the critical current of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) coated
conductors on in-plane bending
SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; DEPOSITION; FILMS
AB A new method to measure the effect of in-plane bending on the critical current of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) coated conductors is presented. Such a bending mode can be important in transmission cables, saddleback magnets, and double-pancake windings. A linear strain distribution over the width of the conductor develops in this bending mode, where one half of the conductor is under axial compressive strain and the other half is under axial tensile strain. A reversible reduction in critical current of up to 5% is measured in 4 mm wide conductors at a critical bending radius of 0.25-0.28 m. The critical current degrades irreversibly for bending radii less than this because the strain at the edge of the conductor that is under tension irreversibly damages the conductor. The results are described by use of a model that calculates the critical current as a function of in-plane bending radius by taking into account the strain gradient over the width of the sample and the measured dependence of the critical current on axial strain. A similar approach can be used to calculate the degradation of the critical current n of other deformation modes, such as torsion, or other more complex geometries.
C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM danko@boulder.nist.gov
RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016
FU US Department of Energy; Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
Reliability
FX The authors thank SuperPower Inc. and American Superconductor
Corporation for providing samples. This work was supported in part by
the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
Reliability.
NR 11
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-2048
J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH
JI Supercond. Sci. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 11
AR 115002
DI 10.1088/0953-2048/21/11/115002
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 355HI
UT WOS:000259699600003
ER
PT J
AU Narum, SR
Schultz, TL
Van Doornik, DM
Teel, D
AF Narum, Shawn R.
Schultz, Terra L.
Van Doornik, Donald M.
Teel, David
TI Localized Genetic Structure Persists in Wild Populations of Chinook
Salmon in the John Day River Despite Gene Flow from Outside Sources
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA;
ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES;
COMPUTER-PROGRAM; SNAKE RIVER; HISTORY; MARKERS; MYKISS
AB Samples of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha collected front four spawning areas in the Joint Day River, Oregon (n = 330), were genotyped with 13 microsatellite loci to test for bottlenecks and temporal stability within sites as well as genetic differentiation among sites. and to estimate gene flow front outside populations. Since the John Day River has never been stocked with hatchery-reared fish, this study provided the opportunity to evaluate the genetic integrity and structure of Chinook salmon in a wilderness area amid many hatchery-supported populations in the Columbia River. No tests for bottlenecks (Wilcoxon tests for heterozygosity excess) were significant, and the temporal variation was slight and not significant within any spawning reach except for the collections from the Middle Fork John Day River. Overall, the genetic distance estimates suggest that there are three distinct subpopulations in the John Day River, namely, those in (1) the North Fork John Day River (including Granite Crock), (2) the Middle Fork John Day River, and (3) the upper main-stem John Day River. These genetic relationships were supported by results from a neighbor-joining dendrogram. Assignment tests indicate thin out-of-basin straying occurs throughout the John Day River. the largest percentage of strays going to the North Fork John Day River. Immigration may have acted to avert genetic bottlenecks and maintain genetic diversity in populations with fluctuating census size. Yet file genetic substructure of the Chinook salmon in the John Day River indicates natural reproduction from philopatric individuals, possibly with higher reproductive success than immigrants. The evidence presented here elucidates the balance of philopatry and dispersal acting to maintain genetic diversity and localized structure among the Chinook salmon of the John Day River.
C1 [Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA.
[Schultz, Terra L.] John Day Field Office, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, John Day, OR 97845 USA.
[Van Doornik, Donald M.; Teel, David] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Narum, SR (reprint author), Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA.
EM nars@critfc.org
FU Chinook Technical Committee; Southern Boundary Fund of the Pacific
Salmon Commission
FX Genotypes for the samples collected in 2004 were contributed by Renee
Bellinger and the Genetic Analysis of Pacific Salmonids Consortium. We
are grateful to Vanessa Jacobson for assistance in the laboratory.
Funding for this research was provided by the Chinook Technical
Committee and the Southern Boundary Fund of the Pacific Salmon
Commission.
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 137
IS 6
BP 1650
EP 1656
DI 10.1577/T07-232.1
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EG
UT WOS:000268500800006
ER
PT J
AU Chiaramonti, AN
Thompson, LJ
Egelhoff, WF
Kabius, BC
Petford-Long, AK
AF Chiaramonti, A. N.
Thompson, L. J.
Egelhoff, W. F.
Kabius, B. C.
Petford-Long, A. K.
TI In situ TEM studies of local transport and structure in nanoscale
multilayer films
SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Transmission electron microscopy; Microscopic methods for solid
interfaces and multilayers; In situ
ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS;
ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CONDUCTANCE; BARRIERS;
CONTACT; DAMAGE
AB This paper describes a novel technique for studying structure-transport correlations in nanoscale multilayer thin films. Here, local current-voltage characteristics from simplified magnetic tunnel junctions are measured in situ on cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples and correlated directly with TEM images of the microstructure at the tunneling site. It is found that local variations in barrier proper-ties can be detected by a point probe method, and that the tunneling barrier height and width can be extracted. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chiaramonti, A. N.; Thompson, L. J.; Kabius, B. C.; Petford-Long, A. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Egelhoff, W. F.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chiaramonti, AN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM chiaramonti@anl.gov
RI Chiaramonti, Ann/E-7459-2013; Petford-Long, Amanda/P-6026-2014
OI Chiaramonti, Ann/0000-0001-9933-3267; Petford-Long,
Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The electron microscopy and FIB sample preparation were accomplished at
the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at Argonne
National Laboratory. The authors would like to thank J.M. Hiller for
assisting with the FIB sample development and preparation. This
manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of
Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of
Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under Contract no.
DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 51
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3991
EI 1879-2723
J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY
JI Ultramicroscopy
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 108
IS 12
BP 1529
EP 1535
DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.04.008
PG 7
WC Microscopy
SC Microscopy
GA 371CB
UT WOS:000260808300005
PM 18556122
ER
PT J
AU Harms, CA
Maggi, RG
Breitschwerdt, EB
Clemons-Chevis, CL
Solangi, M
Rotstein, DS
Fair, PA
Hansen, LJ
Hohn, AA
Lovewell, GN
McLellan, WA
Pabst, DA
Rowles, TK
Schwacke, LH
Townsend, FI
Wells, RS
AF Harms, Craig A.
Maggi, Rocardo G.
Breitschwerdt, Edward B.
Clemons-Chevis, Connie L.
Solangi, Mobashir
Rotstein, David S.
Fair, Patricia A.
Hansen, Larry J.
Hohn, Aleta A.
Lovewell, Gretchen N.
McLellan, William A.
Pabst, D. Ann
Rowles, Teri K.
Schwacke, Lori H.
Townsend, Forrest I.
Wells, Randall S.
TI Bartonella species detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging
cetaceans
SO VETERINARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS;
TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SUBSP BERKHOFFII; LIQUID-MEDIUM; HENSELAE; BLOOD;
VINSONII; DOG
AB We present prevalence of Bartonella spp. for multiple cohorts of wild and captive cetaceans. One hundred and six cetaceans including 86 bottlenose dolphins (71 free-ranging, 14 captive in a facility with a dolphin experiencing debility of unknown origin, 1 stranded), 11 striped dolphins, 4 harbor porpoises, 3 Risso's dolphins, 1 dwarf sperm whale and 1 pygmy sperm whale (all stranded) were sampled. Whole blood (n = 95 live animals) and tissues (n = 15 freshly dead animals) were screened by PCR (n = 106 animals), PCR of enrichment cultures (n = 50 animals), and subcultures (n = 50 animals). Bartonella spp. were detected from 17 cetaceans, including 12 by direct extraction PCR of blood or tissues, 6 by PCR of enrichment cultures, and 4 by subculture isolation. Bartonella spp. were more commonly detected from the captive (6/14, 43%) than from free-ranging (2/71, 2.8%) bottlenose dolphins, and were commonly detected from the stranded animals (9/21, 43%; 3/11 striped dolphins, 3/4 harbor porpoises, 2/3 Risso's dolphins, 1/1 pygmy sperm whale, 0/1 dwarf sperm whale, 0/1 bottlenose dolphin). Sequencing identified a Bartonella spp. most similar to B. henselae San Antonio 2 in eight cases (4 bottlenose dolphins, 2 striped dolphins, 2 harbor porpoises), B. henselae Houston 1 in three cases (2 Risso's dolphins, 1 harbor porpoise), and untyped in six cases (4 bottlenose dolphins, 1 striped dolphin, 1 pygmy sperm whale). Although disease causation has not been established, Bartonella species were detected more commonly from cetaceans that were overtly debilitated or were cohabiting in captivity with a debilitated animal than from free-ranging animals. The detection of Bartonella spp. from cetaceans may be of pathophysiological concern.
C1 [Harms, Craig A.] Univ N Carolina, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
[Harms, Craig A.] Univ N Carolina, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
[Maggi, Rocardo G.; Breitschwerdt, Edward B.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Intracellular Pathogens Res Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.
[Maggi, Rocardo G.; Breitschwerdt, Edward B.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.
[Clemons-Chevis, Connie L.; Solangi, Mobashir] Inst Marine Mammal Studies, Gulfport, MS 39503 USA.
[Rotstein, David S.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Hansen, Larry J.; Hohn, Aleta A.; Lovewell, Gretchen N.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[McLellan, William A.; Pabst, D. Ann] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
[Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 34236 USA.
[Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
RP Harms, CA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
EM craig_harms@ncsu.edu
RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011
OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062
FU NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Stranding Agreement; NOAA Fisheries
[06NMF439026505, NMF4391181]; NOAA [WC133C-05-SE-7220]; NOAA-NOS;
[998-678-01]; [7791681-00]; [932-1489-09]; [522-1785]
FX Samples were collected under National Marine Fisheries permits
998-678-01, 7791681-00, 932-1489-09 and 522-1785, and a NOAA Fisheries
Marine Mammal Stranding Agreement. Partial funding for this study came
from the NOAA Fisheries John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance
Grant program (NA 06NMF4390265 to CAH; NA 05NMF4391181 to WAM and DAP),
NOAA Contract WC133C-05-SE-7220 ( to CAH) and NOAA-NOS support (to EBB
and RGM). Sarasota Bay bottlenose dolphin samples were collected with
support provided by Dolphin Quest and NOAA Fisheries Service. We
appreciate the contribution of the NMFS Protected Species Branch staff
in Beaufort, NC, for conducting the NC captures. Samples from many of
the NC stranded animals were collected by the NMFS staff, particularly
B. Ferrier. Samples from stranded animals in Virginia were provided
courtesy of M. L. Cook, W. J. Walton and the Virginia Aquarium Stranding
Response Program. Samples from the stranded Risso's dolphin from Florida
were provided courtesy of C. A. Manire and the Mote Marine Laboratory.
NR 38
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 10
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0928-4249
J9 VET RES
JI Vet. Res.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2008
VL 39
IS 6
AR 59
DI 10.1051/vetres:2008036
PG 8
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 375ZT
UT WOS:000261153000007
PM 18721502
ER
PT J
AU Simiu, E
Gabbai, RD
Fritz, WP
AF Simiu, Emil
Gabbai, Rene D.
Fritz, William P.
TI Wind-induced tall building response: a time-domain approach
SO WIND AND STRUCTURES
LA English
DT Article
DE aerodynamics; building technology; database-assisted design;
directionality; structural dynamics; tall buildings; time-domain
methods; wind climatology; wind engineering; wind tunnels
AB Estimates of wind-induced wind effects oil tall buildings are based largely oil 1980s technology. Such estimates can vary significant depending upon the wind engineering laboratory producing them. We describe an efficient database-assisted design (DAD) procedure allowing the realistic estimation of wind-induced internal forces with any mean recurrence interval in any individual member. The procedure makes use of (a) time series of directional aerodynamic pressures recorded simultaneously at typically hundreds of ports oil the building Surface, (b) directional wind climatological data, (c) micrometeorological modeling of ratios between wind speeds in open exposure and mean wind speeds at the top of the building, (d) a physically and probabilistically realistic aerodynamic/climatological interfacing model, and (e) modern computational resources for calculating internal forces and demand-to-capacity ratios for each member being designed. The procedure Is applicable to tall buildings not susceptible to aeroelastic effects, and with sufficiently large dimensions to allow placement of the requisite pressure measurement tubes. The paper then addresses the issue of accounting explicitly for uncertainties in the factors that determine wind effects. Unlike for routine Structures, for which simplifications inherent in standard provisions are acceptable, for tall buildings these uncertainties need to be considered with care, since over-simplified reliability estimates could defeat the purpose of ad-hoc wind tunnel tests.
C1 [Simiu, Emil; Gabbai, Rene D.; Fritz, William P.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Simiu, E (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM emli.simiu@nist.gov
NR 20
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 5
PU TECHNO-PRESS
PI DAEJEON
PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA
SN 1226-6116
J9 WIND STRUCT
JI Wind Struct.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 11
IS 6
BP 427
EP 440
PG 14
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mechanics
GA 379BM
UT WOS:000261369500001
ER
PT J
AU Koyama, S
Fujita, S
Hirota, T
Satoh, T
Obara, Y
Hoshino, H
Wada, A
Burkanov, VN
Wada, K
AF Koyama, Satoshi
Fujita, Shoko
Hirota, Tadao
Satoh, Toshiyuki
Obara, Yoshiaki
Hoshino, Hiroshi
Wada, Akihiko
Burkanov, Vladimir N.
Wada, Kazuo
TI Genetic Structure of Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Rookeries in
the Sea of Okhotsk
SO ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine mammals; Steller sea lion; Local population; Genetic
differentiation; Conservation
ID POPULATION DECLINE; VARIABILITY; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; ALASKA
AB Satoshi Koyama, Shoko Fujita, Tadao Hirota, Toshiyuki Satoh, Yoshiaki Obara, Hiroshi Hoshino, Akihiko Wada, Vladimir N Burkanov, and Kazuo Wada (2008) Genetic structure of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) rookeries in the Sea of Okhotsk, Zoological Studies 47(6): 781-787. Genetic relationships among 4 Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) rookeries in the Kuril Is. (Brat Chirpoev, Lovushki, Raykoke, and Antsiferov Is.) and 1 at Iony I, were evaluated using an inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)- polymerase chain reaction assay. An ISSR primer yielded 15 amplification products, almost all of which were polymorphic. An analysis of molecular variance test revealed that 94.4% of the total genetic variation was attributable to differences among individuals within rookeries, and 5.6% was attributable to those among rookeries (Phi(ST) = 0.056). Pairwise Phi(ST) values were relatively high between rookeries of the Kuril Is. and that on lony I., while no significant genetic differentiation was detected among rookeries of the Kuril Is. Since previous research using mitochondrial DNA markers revealed the presence of unique haplotype(s) on each island of the Kuril Is., our results suggest that males, rather than females, contribute to gene flow among the islands. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/47.6/781.pdf
C1 [Koyama, Satoshi; Fujita, Shoko; Satoh, Toshiyuki; Obara, Yoshiaki] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Dept Vet Med, Fac Agr, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan.
[Koyama, Satoshi] Gifu Univ, United Grad Sch Vet Sci, Gifu 5011193, Japan.
[Hirota, Tadao] Yamagata Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Yamagata 9908560, Japan.
[Hoshino, Hiroshi] Hokkaido Univ, Creat Res Initiat Sousei, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan.
[Wada, Akihiko] Hokkaido Wakkanai Fisheries Expt Stn, Wakkanai, Hokkaido 0970001, Japan.
[Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Inst Geog Far E Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia.
[Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Satoh, T (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Dept Vet Med, Fac Agr, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan.
EM tsatoh@cc.tuat.ac.jp
RI Hirota, Tadao/C-8405-2013; Satoh, Toshiyuki/C-8374-2013; Koyama,
Satoshi/C-8369-2013
OI Hirota, Tadao/0000-0003-4767-7396; Satoh, Toshiyuki/0000-0002-7475-6746;
FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan
FX We thank to Prof. N. Kanda for his continuous support. The Steller sea
lion survey in the Kuril and lony Is. was supported by a grant from the
Alaska SeaLife Center and National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska
Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, and
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the USA. Data
analysis was supported by a grant-in-Aid for COE Research (E-1) from the
Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan.
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU ACAD SINICA INST ZOOLOGY
PI TAIPEI
PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN
SN 1021-5506
J9 ZOOL STUD
JI Zool. Stud.
PD NOV
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 6
BP 781
EP 787
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 380NU
UT WOS:000261473200013
ER
PT J
AU Gledhill, DK
Wanninkhof, R
Millero, FJ
Eakin, M
AF Gledhill, Dwight K.
Wanninkhof, Rik
Millero, Frank J.
Eakin, Mark
TI Ocean acidification of the Greater Caribbean Region 1996-2006
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBONATE-ION CONCENTRATION; CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITY
METABOLISM; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL;
ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; PCO2 MEASUREMENTS; ELEVATED CO2
AB The global oceans serve as the largest sustained natural sink for increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. As this CO2 is absorbed by seawater, it not only reacts causing a reduction in seawater pH (or acidification) but also decreases the carbonate mineral saturation state (Omega), which plays an important role in calcification for many marine organisms. Ocean acidification could affect some of the most fundamental biological processes of the sea in coming decades. Observations obtained in situ from Volunteer Observing Ships and the multiple geochemical surveys have been extended using satellite remote sensing and modeled environmental parameters to derive estimates of sea-surface alkalinity (A(T)) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO(2,sw)). Pairing estimates of A(T) and pCO(2,sw) have permitted characterisation of the changes in sea-surface Omega, which have transpired over the past decade throughout the Greater Carribean Region as a consequence of ocean acidification. The results reveal considerable spatial and temporal variability throughout the region. Despite this variability, we observe a strong decrease in aragonite saturation state (Omega(arg)) at a rate of approximately -0.012 +/- 0.001 Omega(arg) yr(-1) (r(2) = 0.97, P < 0.001).
C1 [Gledhill, Dwight K.; Eakin, Mark] NOAA NESDIS Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Millero, Frank J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA OAR AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Gledhill, DK (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Coral Reef Watch, E-RA31,1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM gledhill@noaa.gov; f.millero@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010
NR 75
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 3
U2 33
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD OCT 31
PY 2008
VL 113
IS C10
AR C10031
DI 10.1029/2007JC004629
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 368DN
UT WOS:000260601600001
ER
PT J
AU Vecchi, GA
Swanson, KL
Soden, BJ
AF Vecchi, Gabriel A.
Swanson, Kyle L.
Soden, Brian J.
TI CLIMATE CHANGE Whither Hurricane Activity?
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID INTENSITY; FREQUENCY
C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Swanson, Kyle L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
[Soden, Brian J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X
NR 15
TC 99
Z9 99
U1 4
U2 31
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 31
PY 2008
VL 322
IS 5902
BP 687
EP 689
DI 10.1126/science.1164396
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 368EW
UT WOS:000260605200030
PM 18974337
ER
PT J
AU Soles, CL
Ding, YF
AF Soles, Christopher L.
Ding, Yifu
TI MATERIALS SCIENCE Nanoscale Polymer Processing
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; FILMS
C1 [Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM csoles@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 5
U2 27
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 31
PY 2008
VL 322
IS 5902
BP 689
EP 690
DI 10.1126/science.1165174
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 368EW
UT WOS:000260605200031
PM 18974338
ER
PT J
AU Melchert, B
Devey, CW
German, CR
Lackschewitz, KS
Seifert, R
Walter, M
Mertens, C
Yoerger, DR
Baker, ET
Paulick, H
Nakamura, K
AF Melchert, B.
Devey, C. W.
German, C. R.
Lackschewitz, K. S.
Seifert, R.
Walter, M.
Mertens, C.
Yoerger, D. R.
Baker, E. T.
Paulick, H.
Nakamura, K.
TI First evidence for high-temperature off-axis venting of deep
crustal/mantle heat: The Nibelungen hydrothermal field, southern
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems; off-axis venting; Mid-Atlantic
Ridge; non-transform offset (NTO); ridge propagation
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; LOST-CITY; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; SMOKER PLUMES; MAR;
GEOCHEMISTRY; FLUIDS; 23-DEGREES-22'N; 36-DEGREES-14'N; 8-DEGREES-18S
AB During segment-scale Studies of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), 7-12 degrees S, we found evidence in the water column for high-temperature hydrothermal activity, off-axis, east of Ascension Island. Extensive water column and seafloor work using both standard CTD and deep submergence AUV and ROV deployments led to the discovery and sampling of the "Drachenschlund" ("Dragon Throat") black smoker vent at 8 degrees 17.87' S/13 degrees 30.45'W in 2915 m water depth. The vent is flanked by several inactive chimney structures in a field we have named "Nibelungen". The site is located 6 kin South of a non-transform offset between two adjacent 2nd-order ridge-segments and 9 km east of the presently-active, northward-propagating A2 ridge-segment. on a prominent outward-facing fault scarp. Both vent-fluid compositions and host-rock analyses show this site to be an ultramafic-hosted system, the first of its kind to be found on the southern MAR. The thermal Output of this single vent, based on plume rise-height information, is estimated to be 60 15 MW. This value is high for a single "black smoker" vent but small for an entire field. The tectonic setting and low He content of the vent fluids imply that high-temperature off-axis venting at "Drachenschlund" is driven not by magmatic processes, as at the majority of on-axis hydrothermal systems, but by residual heat "mined" from the deeper lithosphere. Whether this heat is being extracted from high-temperature mantle peridotites or deep crustal Cumulates formed at the "duelling" non-transfrom offset is unclear, in either case the Drachenschlund vent provides the first direct observations of how cooling of deeper parts of the lithosphere, at least at slow-spreading ridges, may be occurring. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Melchert, B.; Devey, C. W.; Lackschewitz, K. S.] IFM GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany.
[German, C. R.; Yoerger, D. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Seifert, R.] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Marine & Climate Res, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Walter, M.; Mertens, C.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
[Baker, E. T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Paulick, H.] Univ Bonn, Inst Geol Mineral & Palaeontol, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
[Nakamura, K.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
RP Melchert, B (reprint author), IFM GEOMAR, Wischhofstr 1-3,Geb 8E, D-24148 Kiel, Germany.
EM bmelchert@ifm-geomar.de
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Devey, Colin/I-3898-2016
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Devey, Colin/0000-0002-0930-7274
FU Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) [De572/22-1 and 2]; NOAA (USA)'s
Office of Ocean Exploration (NOAA CE [NA030AR4600115, NA060AR4600098]
FX This work was supported by the Priority Program SPP 1144 of the Deutsche
Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) through grants De572/22-1 and 2 and
through funding from NOAA (USA)'s Office of Ocean Exploration (NOAA CE
awards #NA030AR4600115 and #NA060AR4600098). We would like to thank
Captains Jakobi and Kull and their crews for the excellent support
during the cruises. Tim Le Bas (NOC Southampton) helped enormously with
the side-scan processing.
NR 46
TC 51
Z9 56
U1 2
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD OCT 30
PY 2008
VL 275
IS 1-2
BP 61
EP 69
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.010
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 373SN
UT WOS:000260993000007
ER
PT J
AU Yang, Q
Fu, Q
Austin, J
Gettelman, A
Li, F
Vomel, H
AF Yang, Qiong
Fu, Qiang
Austin, John
Gettelman, Andrew
Li, Feng
Voemel, Holger
TI Observationally derived and general circulation model simulated tropical
stratospheric upward mass fluxes
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ACCURATE
PARAMETERIZATION; RESIDUAL CIRCULATION; CHANGING CLIMATE; DOWNWARD
CONTROL; ANNUAL CYCLE; WATER-VAPOR; OZONE
AB We quantify the vertical velocity and upward mass flux in the tropical lower stratosphere on the basis of accurate radiative heating rate calculations using 8-year Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes balloon-borne measurements of temperature and ozone and cryogenic frost-point hygrometer measured water vapor in the tropics (15 degrees S-10 degrees N). The impact of tropospheric clouds on the stratospheric heating rates is considered using cloud distributions from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. We find a nearly constant annual mean upward mass flux in the tropical lower stratosphere above the top of the tropical tropopause layer (i.e., similar to 70 hPa), which is 1.13 +/- 0.40 kgm (-2)d(-1) for the 40- to 30-hPa layer, and 0.89 +/- 0.48 kgm (-2)d(-1) for the 70- to 50-hPa layer. A strong seasonal cycle exists in the upward mass flux and it is found that the mass flux below similar to 70 hPa is decoupled from that above in the Northern Hemisphere summer. Simulations of the tropical lower stratosphere from two stratospheric General Circulation Models (GCMs) are compared with observations. The annual mean upward mass fluxes from both GCMs for the 40- to 30-hPa layer agree well with observations, while the simulated mass fluxes for the 70- to 50-hPa layer are twice as large. Both GCMs also simulate seasonal variation of the mass flux reasonably well but are incapable of simulating the observed interannual variability of the upward mass flux, which is closely correlated with the quasi-biennial oscillations.
C1 [Yang, Qiong; Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Austin, John] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Gettelman, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Li, Feng] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Voemel, Holger] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Yang, Q (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM qyang@atmos.washington.edu
RI Li, Feng/H-2241-2012
FU NASA [NNX08AF66G]
FX We thank A.M. Thompson for useful discussions on the SHADOZ data. We
thank Fumio Hasebe, Masato Shiotani, and Masatomo Fujiwara for their
support of SOWER measurements. The ISCCP data are provided by the NASA
Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. Q.Y. thanks G.
Anderson for the help on the MODTRAN4 software. This work is supported
by the NASA grant NNX08AF66G.
NR 61
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 30
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D20
AR D00B07
DI 10.1029/2008JD009945
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 368CD
UT WOS:000260598000007
ER
PT J
AU Lawes, G
Kenzelmann, M
Broholm, C
AF Lawes, G.
Kenzelmann, M.
Broholm, C.
TI Magnetically induced ferroelectricity in the buckled Kagome
antiferromagnet Ni(3)V(2)O(8)
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID STAIRCASE COMPOUNDS; NANOSTRUCTURES; CO3V2O8
AB Ni(3)V(2)O(8) is one of several recently identified multiferroic materials in which ferroelectricity is produced by long-range magnetic order. This staircase Kagome compound adopts a sequence of distinct low temperature magnetic phases, which exhibit different optical, dielectric, and transport properties, most notably ferroelectric order arising from a polar incommensurate magnetic structure. We give an overview of the experimental results from the existing literature on Ni(3)V(2)O(8), and briefly discuss models that describe the coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric properties. We show that the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant provides evidence for spin-charge coupling in Ni(3)V(2)O(8) away from the ferroelectric phase. An anomaly in the thermal conductivity at the incommensurate-commensurate phase transition suggests that spin scattering may limit thermal transport in the incommensurate phase. We associate each of the two incommensurate phase transitions with one magnetic order parameter, and we show that the temperature dependence of the ferroelectric polarization closely follows the product of these two magnetic order parameters-corroborating the validity of the phenomenological trilinear coupling model. Finally, we present inelastic powder neutron scattering measurements that provide evidence of several weakly dispersive magnetic modes that are typical for strongly frustrated antiferromagnets with large spin anisotropies.
C1 [Lawes, G.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
[Kenzelmann, M.] ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Kenzelmann, M.] ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Kenzelmann, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Broholm, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lawes, G (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Kenzelmann,
Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826
FU Wayne State University; Institute for Manufacturing Research; NSF
[DMR-0644823]; Swiss National Science Foundation [PP002-102831]; JHU
[DMR-0706553]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge many helpful conversations with A
B Harris, A P Ramirez, A Aharony, J Musfeldt, C Sudakar, R J Cava, P
Kharel and T Kimura. We thank Yiming Qiu for help during one of the
experiments. Work at Wayne State University was supported by the
Institute for Manufacturing Research and the NSF through DMR-0644823.
Work at ETH and PSI was supported by the Swiss National Science
Foundation under Contract No. PP002-102831. Work at JHU was supported by
DMR-0706553. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the
National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672.
NR 37
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 11
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD OCT 29
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 43
AR 434205
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/43/434205
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 358MZ
UT WOS:000259922600006
ER
PT J
AU Yildirim, T
Vergara, LI
Iniguez, J
Musfeldt, JL
Harris, AB
Rogado, N
Cava, RJ
Yen, F
Chaudhury, RP
Lorenz, B
AF Yildirim, T.
Vergara, L. I.
Iniguez, Jorge
Musfeldt, J. L.
Harris, A. B.
Rogado, N.
Cava, R. J.
Yen, F.
Chaudhury, R. P.
Lorenz, B.
TI Phonons and magnetoelectric interactions in Ni3V2O8
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Review
ID SUPEREXCHANGE; CO3V2O8; METALS
AB We present a detailed study of the zone-center phonons and magnetoelectric interactions in Ni3V2O8. Using combined neutron scattering, polarized infrared (IR) measurements and first-principles LDA + U calculations, we successfully assigned all IR-active modes, including eleven B-2u phonons which can induce the observed spontaneous electric polarization. We also calculated the Born-effective charges and the IR intensities which are in surprisingly good agreement with the experimental data. Among the eleven B2u phonons, we find that only a few of them can actually induce a significant dipole moment. The exchange interactions up to a cutoff of 6.5 A are also calculated within the LDA + U approach with different values of U for Ni, V and O atoms. We find that LSDA (i.e. U = 0) gives excellent results concerning the optimized atomic positions, bandgap and phonon energies. However, the magnitudes of the exchange constants are too large compared to the experimental Curie-Weiss constant, Theta. Including U for Ni corrects the magnitude of the superexchange constants but opens a too large electronic bandgap. We observe that including correlation at the O site is very important to get simultaneously the correct phonon energies, bandgap and exchange constants. In particular, the nearest and next-nearest exchange constants along the Ni-spine sites result in incommensurate spin ordering with a wavevector that is consistent with the experimental data. Our results also explain how the antiferromagnetic coupling between sublattices in the b and c directions is consistent with the relatively small observed value of Theta. We also find that, regardless of the values of U used, we always get the same five exchange constants that are significantly larger than the rest. Finally, we discuss how the B2u phonons and the spin structure combine to yield the observed spontaneous polarization. We present a simple phenomenological model which shows how trilinear (and quartic) couplings of one (or two) phonons to two spin operators perturbatively affects the magnon ( i.e. electromagnon) and phonon energies.
C1 [Yildirim, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yildirim, T.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Vergara, L. I.; Musfeldt, J. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Iniguez, Jorge] CSIC, ICMAB, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
[Harris, A. B.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Rogado, N.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Rogado, N.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Yen, F.; Chaudhury, R. P.; Lorenz, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Yen, F.; Chaudhury, R. P.; Lorenz, B.] Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM taner@nist.gov
RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Iniguez, Jorge/B-6856-2009; harris, A
Brooks/C-8640-2013; Yen, Fei/C-8713-2015
OI Iniguez, Jorge/0000-0001-6435-3604; Yen, Fei/0000-0003-2295-3040
FU Materials Science Division, Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of
Energy [DE-FG02-01ER45885]; Spanish [FIS2006-12117-C04-01]; Catalan
[SGR2005-683]
FX Work at the University of Tennessee is supported by the Materials
Science Division, Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy
(DE-FG02-01ER45885). JI thanks support from the Spanish
(FIS2006-12117-C04-01) and Catalan (SGR2005-683) governments.
NR 34
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 10
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
EI 1361-648X
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD OCT 29
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 43
AR 434214
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/43/434214
PG 11
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 358MZ
UT WOS:000259922600015
ER
PT J
AU Steeneveld, GJ
Holtslag, AAM
Nappo, CJ
de Wiel, BJHV
Mahrt, L
AF Steeneveld, G. J.
Holtslag, A. A. M.
Nappo, C. J.
de Wiel, B. J. H. van
Mahrt, L.
TI Exploring the Possible Role of Small-Scale Terrain Drag on Stable
Boundary Layers over Land
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; COMPLEX TERRAIN; CRITICAL-LEVEL;
SURFACE-LAYER; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CONTRASTING NIGHTS; TURBULENT-FLOW;
FORM DRAG; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION
AB This paper addresses the possible role of unresolved terrain drag, relative to the turbulent drag on the development of the stable atmospheric boundary layer over land. Adding a first-order estimate for terrain drag to the turbulent drag appears to provide drag that is similar to the enhanced turbulent drag obtained with the so-called long-tail mixing functions. These functions are currently used in many operational models for weather and climate, although they lack a clear physical basis. Consequently, a simple and practical quasi-empirical parameterization of terrain drag divergence for use in large-scale models is proposed and is tested in a column mode. As an outcome, the cross-isobaric mass flow (a measure for cyclone filling) with the new scheme, using realistic turbulent drag, appears to be equal to what is found with the unphysical long-tail scheme. At the same time, the new scheme produces a much more realistic less-deep boundary layer than is obtained by using the long-tail mixing function.
C1 [Steeneveld, G. J.; Holtslag, A. A. M.; de Wiel, B. J. H. van] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Nappo, C. J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Nappo, C. J.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Mahrt, L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Steeneveld, GJ (reprint author), POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
EM gert-jan.steeneveld@wur.nl
RI Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/B-2816-2010; Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010
OI Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/0000-0002-5922-8179; Holtslag,
Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481
NR 73
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD OCT 28
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 10
BP 2518
EP 2530
DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1816.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 366HO
UT WOS:000260471600002
ER
PT J
AU Wang, LK
Sassen, K
AF Wang, Likun
Sassen, Kenneth
TI Wavelet Analysis of Cirrus Multiscale Structures from Lidar
Backscattering: A Cirrus Uncinus Complex Case Study
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD CLIMATOLOGY; TURBULENCE; MESOSCALE; FACILITY; EVOLUTION; MODEL;
FIRE
AB Although cirrus cloud structures play an important role in dynamics issues, cloud radiative calculations, and cloud parameter retrievals from satellite measurements, fully understanding cirrus cloud structures still remains a challenge. A case study of a cirrus containing mesoscale uncinus complexes (MUC) with a two-layer structure observed by a high-resolution lidar is presented using the method based on wavelet transform. The results indicate that dynamical processes play a leading role in determining cloud multiscale structures. The uncinus cells with a length scale on the order of similar to 1 km, embedded in both the top and lower layers, have similar spectral features and are probably produced by a similar mechanism-thermal perturbation generated by heating and cooling effects associated with phase changes of water (i.e., adiabatic heating) and radiative processes. However, the mesoscale cloud patches are probably involved in different dynamics processes, suggesting that understanding of the interaction of cloud-scale convective activities with 2D turbulence and propagating gravity waves in cirrus cloud systems should receive more attention in future model simulations. The study also demonstrates the utility of the continuous and discrete wavelet transform to objectively and quantitatively analyze the properties of cirrus cloud structures, which is a useful supplement to the traditional Fourier transform method.
C1 [Wang, Likun; Sassen, Kenneth] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Wang, LK (reprint author), PSGS NOAA NESDIS STAR, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 810, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM likun.wang@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008
OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746
NR 31
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD OCT 28
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 10
BP 2645
EP 2658
DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1788.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 366HO
UT WOS:000260471600011
ER
PT J
AU Schmit, TJ
Li, J
Gurka, JJ
Goldberg, MD
Schrab, KJ
Li, JL
Feltz, WF
AF Schmit, Timothy J.
Li, Jun
Gurka, James J.
Goldberg, Mitchell D.
Schrab, Kevin J.
Li, Jinlong
Feltz, Wayne F.
TI The GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager and the Continuation of Current
Sounder Products
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; HIGH-TEMPORAL-RESOLUTION; AIRS
RADIANCES; PART II; RETRIEVAL; MODIS; VALIDATION; SATELLITE; MOISTURE;
OZONE
AB The first of the next-generation series of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES-R) is scheduled for launch in the 2015 time frame. One of the primary instruments on GOES-R, the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), will offer more spectral bands, higher spatial resolution, and faster imaging than does the current GOES Imager. Measurements from the ABI will be used for a wide range of qualitative and quantitative weather, land, ocean, cryosphere, environmental, and climate applications. However, the first and, likely, the second of the new series of GOES will not carry an infrared sounder dedicated to acquiring high-vertical-resolution atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles that are key to mesoscale and regional severe-weather forecasting. The ABI will provide some continuity of the current sounder products to bridge the gap until the advent of the GOES advanced infrared sounder. Both theoretical analysis and retrieval simulations show that data from the ABI can be combined with temperature and moisture information from forecast models to produce derived products that will be adequate substitutes for the legacy products from the current GOES sounders. Products generated from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) measurements also demonstrate the utility of those legacy products for nowcasting applications. However, because of very coarse vertical resolution and limited accuracy in the legacy sounding products, placing a hyperspectral-resolution infrared sounder with high temporal resolution on future GOES is an essential step toward realizing substantial improvements in mesoscale and severe-weather forecasting required by the user communities.
C1 [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS Satellite Applicat & Res, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI USA.
[Li, Jun; Li, Jinlong; Feltz, Wayne F.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA.
[Gurka, James J.] NOAA NESDIS GOES R Program Off, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA NESDIS Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Schrab, Kevin J.] NOAA NWS Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Schmit, TJ (reprint author), 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM tim.j.schmit@noaa.gov
RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Li,
Jun/H-3579-2015
OI Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627
FU NOAA GOES-R [NA06NES4400002]
FX The authors thank the host of CIMSS, NOAA/NESDIS, and other scientists
that contributed to the use of the current GOES sounders. We especially
thank Dr. W. P. Menzel for his leadership, and J. Daniels is also
thanked; A. J. Schreiner supplied Fig. 1, Mathew Gunshor ( CIMSS) is
thanked for Figs. 3 and 4, and Xin Jin processed the SEVIRI data for
Figs. 9 and 10. SEVIRI data were provided by EUMETSAT. This study was
partially supported by NOAA GOES-R Grant NA06NES4400002. The views,
opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors
and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration or U. S. government position, policy, or
decision.
NR 56
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD OCT 28
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 10
BP 2696
EP 2711
DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1858.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 366HO
UT WOS:000260471600014
ER
PT J
AU Helmig, D
Tanner, DM
Honrath, RE
Owen, RC
Parrish, DD
AF Helmig, D.
Tanner, D. M.
Honrath, R. E.
Owen, R. C.
Parrish, D. D.
TI Nonmethane hydrocarbons at Pico Mountain, Azores: 1. Oxidation chemistry
in the North Atlantic region
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TROPOSPHERIC OH; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS;
CARBON-MONOXIDE; TRACE GASES; AIR MASSES; VARIABILITY; LIFETIME; RATIOS;
TRENDS
AB Measurements of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) at the Pico Mountain observatory at 2225 m asl on Pico Island, Azores, Portugal, from August 2004 to August 2005 (in part overlapping with the field campaign of the International Consortium on Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation study) were used to investigate NMHC sources and seasonal oxidation chemistry in the central North Atlantic region. Levels of anthropogenic NMHC were characteristic of the marine free troposphere. Their concentrations were low compared to continental sites at higher northern latitudes, but higher than data reported from a similarly located Pacific mountain site at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. These higher NMHC levels are indicative of a greater influence of the adjacent continents on air composition at Pico. Substantially enhanced NMHC concentrations during the summers of 2004 and 2005 were attributed to long-range transport of biomass burning plumes originating from fires in northern Canada, Alaska, and Siberia. This finding exemplifies the continuing impact of biomass burning plumes on atmospheric composition and chemistry many days downwind of these emission sources. Seasonal cycles with lower NMHC concentrations and lower ratios of more reactive to less reactive NMHC during summer reflect the higher degree of photochemical processing occurring during transport. The NMHC concentrations indicate no significant role of chlorine atom oxidation on NMHC. Ozone above 35 ppbv was measured at Pico Mountain throughout all seasons. Enhanced ozone levels were observed in air that had relatively "fresh'' photochemical signatures (e. g., ln [propane]/[ethane] > -2.5). During spring-summer air that was more processed ("older'' air with ln [ propane]/[ ethane] < -2.5) on average had lower ozone levels (down to < 20 ppbv). This relationship indicates that conditions in the lower free troposphere over the mid-North Atlantic during the spring and summer lead to net photochemical ozone destruction while air is photochemically aging during transport to Pico. This behavior contrasts to that in the mid-North Pacific where other recent studies have found that the photochemistry is more nearly ozone neutral.
C1 [Helmig, D.; Tanner, D. M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Honrath, R. E.; Owen, R. C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Parrish, D. D.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu
RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
FU NOAA Office of Global Programs [NA03OAR4310072]; NOAA [NA03OAR4310002];
National Science Foundation [ATM-0535486, ATM-0720955]
FX This research was funded by a grant from the NOAA Office of Global
Programs (award NA03OAR4310072). R.E.H. and R.C.O. acknowledge support
from NOAA grant NA03OAR4310002 and National Science Foundation grant
ATM-0535486 and ATM-0720955.
NR 48
TC 20
Z9 25
U1 4
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 28
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D20
AR D20S91
DI 10.1029/2007JD008930
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 368CC
UT WOS:000260597900001
ER
PT J
AU Honrath, RE
Helmig, D
Owen, RC
Parrish, DD
Tanner, DM
AF Honrath, R. E.
Helmig, D.
Owen, R. C.
Parrish, D. D.
Tanner, D. M.
TI Nonmethane hydrocarbons at Pico Mountain, Azores: 2. Event-specific
analyses of the impacts of mixing and photochemistry on hydrocarbon
ratios
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; AIR MASSES; FLEXPART
AB Nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) measurements at Pico Mountain observatory are analyzed in combination with FLEXPART transport simulations. The results are used to assess the utility of NMHC as indicators for the occurrence of atmospheric transport events and photochemical processing on an event-specific basis. Continuous in situ observations were made in lower free tropospheric air that had experienced a wide range of photochemical aging and traveled 3-10 days since last encountering significant emissions. They therefore provide a data set suitable for investigating the interaction of emissions, transport, and mixing in aged air parcels. Measurements of ethane, propane, and n-butane during April 2005 are analyzed in detail to assess the degree to which the magnitude and variability of hydrocarbon ratios can be quantitatively understood as resulting from the mixing of emissions that have experienced varying degrees of photochemical oxidation. The age distribution of emissions was estimated with FLEXPART; resulting hydrocarbon ratios were simulated by applying first-order decay to these emissions using the method of Parrish et al. (2007). These simulations capture the magnitude and large variations of observed hydrocarbon ratios. The relationship between the distribution of the timing of upwind emissions and measures of photochemical age calculated using these hydrocarbon ratios is discussed using the FLEXPART age distributions. The results demonstrate that continuous NMHC observations can be used to derive measures of photochemical age that can be quantitatively interpreted without the need for assumptions regarding mixing. Such analyses are valuable for studying OH levels and the distribution of upwind emission timing during pollution transport events.
C1 [Honrath, R. E.; Owen, R. C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Helmig, D.; Tanner, D. M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Parrish, D. D.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Honrath, RE (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
EM reh@mtu.edu
RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
FU Azores Regional Secretariat for Science and Technology
[M1.2.1/I/006/2005, M1.2.1/I/001/2008, M1.2.1/I/002/2008]; INTERREG
IIIB, Azores, Madeira and Canarias [CLIMARCOST
FEDER-INTERREGIIIB-05/MAC/2.3/A1]; University of the Azores, Portugal;
NOAA Climate Program [NA03OAR4310072, NA03OAR4310002]; National Science
Foundation [ATM-0535486, ATM-0720955]
FX We thank the University of the Azores for allowing these measurements to
be conducted at the Pico Mountain station. The Pico Mountain station is
supported by the Azores Regional Secretariat for Science and Technology
(project M1.2.1/I/006/2005, project M1.2.1/I/001/2008, and project
M1.2.1/I/002/2008) and Program INTERREG IIIB, Azores, Madeira and
Canarias (project CLIMARCOST FEDER-INTERREGIIIB-05/MAC/2.3/A1). P.
Fialho, University of the Azores, Portugal, is Pico Mountain station
coordinator; D. Henriques, Institute of Meteorology, Ponta Delgada,
Portugal, provided the ECMWF data used in this work; and Andreas Stohl,
Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Kjeller, Norway, provided the
FLEXPART model and assisted in its use. The authors acknowledge the NOAA
Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for provision of the HYSPLIT transport
and dispersion model and READY Web site
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) used in this publication. This
research was supported by grants from the NOAA Climate Program
(NA03OAR4310072 and NA03OAR4310002) and National Science Foundation
(ATM-0535486 and ATM-0720955).
NR 32
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 28
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D20
AR D20S92
DI 10.1029/2008JD009832
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 368CC
UT WOS:000260597900002
ER
PT J
AU Ospelkaus, C
Ospelkaus, S
AF Ospelkaus, C.
Ospelkaus, S.
TI Heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT; TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS;
TRAPPED ATOMIC GAS; FERMI GAS; OPTICAL LATTICE; COLD ATOMS; FESHBACH
RESONANCES; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; SCATTERING LENGTH
AB In this PhD tutorial, we present experiments with quantum degenerate mixtures of fermionic and bosonic atoms in three-dimensional optical lattices. This heteronuclear quantum gas mixture offers a wide range of possibilities for quantum simulation, implementation of condensed matter Hamiltonians, quantum chemistry and ultimately dense and quantum degenerate dipolar molecular samples. We show how quantum degenerate mixtures of K-40 and Rb-87 are created in the experiment. We analyse stages of evaporative cooling and show how a dynamic mean-field collapse occurs during the final stage of the evaporation (Ospelkaus et al 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 020401) as a result of attractive interactions. The particle numbers observed in our experiment have only been limited by this mean-field collapse, resulting in an excellent starting point for our experiments. We explore magnetic-field-induced Feshbach resonances and demonstrate tuning of interactions (Ospelkaus et al 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 120403) between 40K and 87Rb by means of heteronuclear Feshbach resonances. We observe both stable attractively and repulsively interacting mixtures. We analyse the mean-field energy of the condensate and find qualitative agreement with a simple model. By making the interaction strong and attractive, we induce a mean-field collapse of the mixture. For strong and repulsive interactions, we observe phase separation of the mixture. When loaded into a 3D optical lattice, a whole zoo of novel quantum phases has been predicted for Fermi-Bose mixtures. We present the first realization of Fermi-Bose mixtures in 3D optical lattices as a novel quantum many-body system (Ospelkaus et al 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 180403). We study the phase coherence of the bosonic cloud in the 3D optical lattice as a function of the amount of fermionic atoms simultaneously trapped in the lattice. We observe a loss of phase coherence at much lower lattice depth than for a pure bosonic cloud and discuss possible theoretical scenarios including adiabatic processes, mean-field Fermi-Bose-Hubbard scenarios and disorder-enhanced localization scenarios. After considering this many-body limit of mixtures in lattices, we show how fermionic heteronuclear Feshbach molecules can be created in the optical lattice (Ospelkaus et al 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 120402) as a crucial step towards all ground-state dense dipolar molecular samples. We develop rf association as a novel molecule association technique, measure the binding energy, lifetime and association efficiency of the molecules. We develop a simple theoretical single-channel model of the molecules trapped in the lattice (Deuretzbacher et al 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 032726) which gives an excellent quantitative agreement with the experimental data.
C1 [Ospelkaus, C.; Ospelkaus, S.] Inst Laser Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
RP Ospelkaus, C (reprint author), NIST, MS847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM christian.ospelkaus@nist.gov; silke.ospelkaus@jila.colorado.edu
RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009
OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936
NR 166
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 9
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD OCT 28
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 20
AR 203001
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/41/20/203001
PG 38
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 358BD
UT WOS:000259890400005
ER
PT J
AU Pathak, JA
Twigg, JN
Nugent, KE
Ho, DL
Lin, EK
Mott, PH
Robertson, CG
Vukmir, MK
Epps, TH
Roland, CM
AF Pathak, J. A.
Twigg, J. N.
Nugent, K. E.
Ho, D. L.
Lin, E. K.
Mott, P. H.
Robertson, C. G.
Vukmir, M. K.
Epps, T. H., III
Roland, C. M.
TI Structure Evolution in a Polyurea Segmented Block Copolymer Because of
Mechanical Deformation
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID TIME-TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION; MULTIPLE ENDOTHERMIC BEHAVIOR;
STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; THERMORHEOLOGICAL
COMPLEXITY; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION;
PHASE-SEPARATION; DEPENDENCE; POLYMERS
AB Extensional stress-strair measurements on a polyurea (PU) were carried out at strain rates up to 830 s(-1). in combination with expost faceo small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements and temperature-dependent SAXS. The elastomer is of interest because of its application as an impact-resistant coating. The highest strain rates used herein fall within the softening, or transition, zone of the viscoelastic spectrum and are thus relevant to the working hypothesis that the performance of a polyurea impact coating is related to its transition to the glassy state when strained very rapidly. While quasi-static and slow deformation of the PU gives rise to irrecoverable strain and anisotropic SAXS patterns. when stretched at high rates the PU recovers completely and the scattering is isotropic. Thus, the deformation of the hard domains observed at low rates is absent at high strain rates. Linear dynamic mechanical measurements were also carried Out. with the obtained segmental relaxation times in good agreement With dielectric relaxation measurements on this material. The PU exhibits the usual breakdown of time-temperature superposition in the transition zone. This thermorheological complexity underlies the fact that published time-temperature shift factors for this material are unrelated to the segmental dynamics, and therefore use of these shift factors to predict the onset of glassy dynamics during impact loading of the PU Will be in error.
C1 [Pathak, J. A.; Twigg, J. N.; Nugent, K. E.; Mott, P. H.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Pathak, J. A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Ho, D. L.; Lin, E. K.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Robertson, C. G.] Northboro Res & Dev Ctr, Northborough, MA 01532 USA.
[Vukmir, M. K.; Epps, T. H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil
RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012; He, Yong/F-8752-2012; Robertson,
Christopher/J-1812-2012
OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429
FU Naval Research Laboratory; Delaware Biotechnology Institute
FX The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of
Naval Research. We thank David Owen (NSWC-Carderock) for preparing the
polyurea, Howard Schrader (NRL) for assistance with the high strain rate
experiments, and Radoslav Bogoslovov (NRL) for useful comments. The
Rigaku X-ray scattering instrument at the University of Delaware was
purchased with funding from the Delaware Biotechnology Institute. We
also thank Anton-Paar, USA (Reinhard Eberl, Gerd Langenbucher, Daniel
Sanborn, Prajakta Kamerkar, and James Eickhoff), for on-site loan of the
MCR-301 rheometer and Holly Ricks-Laskoski; (NRL), Manoj Kolel-Veetil
(NRL), and Jack Douglas (NIST) for helpful discussions.
NR 59
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 31
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD OCT 28
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 20
BP 7543
EP 7548
DI 10.1021/ma8011009
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 363GM
UT WOS:000260255800043
ER
PT J
AU Sierra, JF
Pryadun, VV
Aliev, FG
Russek, SE
Garcia-Hernandez, M
Snoeck, E
Metlushko, VV
AF Sierra, J. F.
Pryadun, V. V.
Aliev, F. G.
Russek, S. E.
Garcia-Hernandez, M.
Snoeck, E.
Metlushko, V. V.
TI Temperature dependent dynamic and static magnetic response in magnetic
tunnel junctions with Permalloy layers
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FILMS
AB Ferromagnetic resonance and static magnetic properties of CoFe/Al2O3/CoFe/Py and CoFe/Al2O3/CoFeB/Py magnetic tunnel junctions and of 25 nm thick single-layer Permalloy (Py) films have been studied as a function of temperature down to 2 K. The temperature dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance excited in the Py layers in magnetic tunnel junctions shows "kneelike" enhancement of the resonance frequency accompanied by an anomaly in the magnetization near 60 K. We attribute the anomalous static and dynamic magnetic response at low temperatures to interface stress induced magnetic reorientation transition at the Py interface which could be influenced by dipolar soft-hard layer coupling through the Al2O3 barrier. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3005644]
C1 [Sierra, J. F.; Pryadun, V. V.; Aliev, F. G.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
[Russek, S. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Garcia-Hernandez, M.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
[Snoeck, E.] CNRS, CEMES, Grp NanoMat, F-31045 Toulouse, France.
[Metlushko, V. V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
RP Sierra, JF (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, C-3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
EM farkhad.aliev@uam.es
RI Pryadun, Vladimir/B-7048-2011; Sierra, Juan F./D-6951-2014;
Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/J-9520-2014; Aliev, Farkhad/G-6278-2015
OI Pryadun, Vladimir/0000-0001-8375-5609; Sierra, Juan
F./0000-0002-5438-0534; Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/0000-0002-5987-0647;
FU Spanish MEC [MAT2006-07196, MAT2006-28183-E, MAT-2005-06024-C02-01];
U.S. NSF [ECCS-0823813]
FX We thank the Referee for suggesting soft-hard layer coupling mechanism.
We acknowledge support by Spanish MEC (MAT2006-07196, MAT2006-28183-E,
and MAT-2005-06024-C02-01) and U.S. NSF [ECCS-0823813 (VM)].
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD OCT 27
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 17
AR 172510
DI 10.1063/1.3005644
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 367SD
UT WOS:000260571800060
ER
PT J
AU Bristow, AD
Karaiskaj, D
Dai, XC
Cundiff, ST
AF Bristow, Alan D.
Karaiskaj, Denis
Dai, Xingcan
Cundiff, Steven T.
TI All-optical retrieval of the global phase for two-dimensional
Fourier-transform spectroscopy
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC
SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; PHOTON-ECHOES; STABILIZATION;
TECHNOLOGY; PEPTIDES
AB A combination of spatial interference patterns and spectral interferometry are used to find the global phase for non-collinear two-dimensional Fourier-transform (2DFT) spectra. Results are compared with those using the spectrally resolved transient absorption (STRA) method to find the global phase when excitation is with co-linear polarization. Additionally cross-linear polarized 2DFT spectra are correctly "phased" using the all-optical technique, where the SRTA is not applicable. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Dai,
Xingcan/B-3556-2014
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197;
FU NSF; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
FX The authors wish to thank David Jonas, Ralph Jimenez and Tianhao Zhang
for useful discussions, and Richard Mirin for providing samples. This
work was supported by the NSF and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences,
and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S.
Department of Energy.
NR 29
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 16
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD OCT 27
PY 2008
VL 16
IS 22
BP 18017
EP 18027
DI 10.1364/OE.16.018017
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 371XL
UT WOS:000260865900086
PM 18958080
ER
PT J
AU Delworth, TL
Zeng, FR
AF Delworth, Thomas L.
Zeng, Fanrong
TI Simulated impact of altered Southern Hemisphere winds on the Atlantic
Meridional Overturning Circulation
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN; WESTERLIES; MODEL
AB Previous work has suggested that the strength and latitudinal position of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-latitude westerly winds has an important impact on climate and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We probe this hypothesis by conducting ensembles of experiments using the GFDL CM2.1 coupled ocean-atmosphere model with altered SH wind stress. We find, consistent with previous work, that enhanced (reduced) and poleward (equatorward) displaced SH westerly winds lead to an AMOC intensification (weakening). While the AMOC takes more than a century to respond fully to the altered SH winds, initial effects in the North Atlantic can occur within a few decades. The AMOC changes generate SST and surface air temperature responses in the North Atlantic and adjacent continental regions. In the Southern Hemisphere, the atmosphere responds to the altered ocean circulation with a further strengthening and poleward movement of the SH winds, thereby constituting a modest positive feedback. Citation: Delworth, T. L., and F. Zeng (2008), Simulated impact of altered Southern Hemisphere winds on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20708, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035166.
C1 [Delworth, Thomas L.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Delworth, TL (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM tom.delworth@noaa.gov
RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014
NR 22
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 25
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 20
AR L20708
DI 10.1029/2008GL035166
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 365GX
UT WOS:000260395000002
ER
PT J
AU Foltz, GR
McPhaden, MJ
AF Foltz, Gregory R.
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI Trends in Saharan dust and tropical Atlantic climate during 1980-2006
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN; VARIABILITY; TOMS; SST
AB Trends in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), Sahel rainfall, and Saharan dust are investigated during 1980-2006. This period is characterized by a significant increase in tropical North Atlantic SST and the transition from a negative to a positive phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). It is found that dust concentrations over western Africa and the tropical North Atlantic Ocean decreased significantly between 1980 and 2006 in association with an increase in Sahel rainfall. The decrease in dust in the tropical North Atlantic tended to increase the surface radiative heat flux by 0.7 W m(-2) which, if unbalanced, would lead to an increase in SST of 3 degrees C. Coupled models significantly underestimate the amplitude of the AMO in the tropical North Atlantic possibly because they do not account for changes in Saharan dust concentration. Citation: Foltz, G. R., and M. J. McPhaden (2008), Trends in Saharan dust and tropical Atlantic climate during 1980-2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20706, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035042.
C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov
RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X;
NR 33
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 25
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 20
AR L20706
DI 10.1029/2008GL035042
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 365GX
UT WOS:000260395000001
ER
PT J
AU Dickinson, RE
Zhou, LM
Tian, YH
Liu, Q
Lavergne, T
Pinty, B
Schaaf, CB
Knyazikhin, Y
AF Dickinson, Robert E.
Zhou, Liming
Tian, Yuhong
Liu, Qing
Lavergne, Thomas
Pinty, Bernard
Schaaf, Crystal B.
Knyazikhin, Yuri
TI A three-dimensional analytic model for the scattering of a spherical
bush
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; VEGETATION CANOPY; SURFACE ALBEDOS; REFLECTANCE;
CLIMATE; MODIS; BRDF; ALGORITHM; REGIME
AB Advanced climate models require a more realistic description of canopy radiation with reasonable computational efficiency. This paper develops the mathematics of scattering from a spherical object conceptualized to be a spherical bush to provide a building block that helps to address this need of climate models. It is composed of a homogeneous distribution of individual smaller objects that scatter isotropically. In the limit of small optical depth, incident radiation will scatter isotropically as the sum of that scattered by all the individual scatterers, but at large optical depth the radiation leaving the spherical bush in a given direction is reduced by mutual shadowing of the smaller objects. In the single scattering limit, the scattering phase function and so the albedo are obtained by simple but accurate analytic expressions derived from analytic integration and numerical evaluation. Except in the limit of thin canopies, the scattering and hence albedos are qualitatively and quantitatively different than those derived from 1-D modeling.
C1 [Dickinson, Robert E.; Zhou, Liming; Liu, Qing] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Schaaf, Crystal B.; Knyazikhin, Yuri] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Lavergne, Thomas; Pinty, Bernard] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Global Environm Monitoring Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Tian, Yuhong] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Tian, Yuhong] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA.
RP Dickinson, RE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM robted@eas.gatech.edu
RI Zhou, Liming/A-2688-2012
FU NSF [ATM-0720619]; DOE [DE-FG02-01ER63198]
FX This study was supported in part by the lead author's NSF grant
ATM-0720619 and DOE grant DE-FG02-01ER63198.
NR 28
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 25
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D20
AR D20113
DI 10.1029/2007JD009564
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 365GK
UT WOS:000260393700001
ER
PT J
AU Wu, H
AF Wu, Hui
TI Strategies for the Improvement of the Hydrogen Storage Properties of
Metal Hydride Materials
SO CHEMPHYSCHEM
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrides; hydrogen storage; hydrogenation/dehydrogenation; ionic
mobility; kinetics
ID PEROVSKITE-TYPE HYDRIDE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SODIUM ALANATE; ALUMINUM
HYDRIDES; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; COMPLEX HYDRIDES; SYSTEM; KINETICS; NAMGH3;
CONDUCTIVITY
AB Metal hydrides are an important family of materials that can potentially be used for safe, efficient and reversible on-board hydrogen storage. Light-weight metal hydrides in particular have attracted intense interest due to their high hydrogen density. However, most of these hydrides have rather slow absorption kinetics, relatively high thermal stability, and/or problems with the reversibility of hydrogen absorption/desorption cycling. This paper discusses a number of different approaches for the improvement of the hydrogen storage properties of these materials, with emphasis on recent research on tuning the ionic mobility in mixed hydrides. This concept opens a promising pathway to accelerate hydrogenation kinetics, reduce the activation energy for hydrogen release, and minimize deleterious possible by-products often associated with complex hydride systems.
C1 [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wu, Hui] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wu, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM huiwu@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204
FU DOE through EERE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104]
FX I thank Dr. John Rush for his valuable comments on this paper. I have
greatly benefited from collaborations and other interaction with Dr.
John Rush, Dr. Terrence Udovic, Dr. Wei Zhou, Dr. Taner Yildirim, Dr.
Michael Hartman, Dr. Robert Bowman Jr., and Dr. John Vajo. Some of our
work described in this article is supported by the DOE through EERE
Grant No. DE-AI-01-05EE11104.
NR 59
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 15
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1439-4235
J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM
JI ChemPhysChem
PD OCT 24
PY 2008
VL 9
IS 15
BP 2157
EP 2162
DI 10.1002/cphc.200800498
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 369NM
UT WOS:000260701200002
PM 18821548
ER
PT J
AU Chadwick, WW
Wright, IC
Schwarz-Schampera, U
Hyvernaud, O
Reymond, D
de Ronde, CEJ
AF Chadwick, W. W., Jr.
Wright, I. C.
Schwarz-Schampera, U.
Hyvernaud, O.
Reymond, D.
de Ronde, C. E. J.
TI Cyclic eruptions and sector collapses at Monowai submarine volcano,
Kermadec arc: 1998-2007
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE sector collapse; debris avalanche; submarine eruptions; explosive
volcanism; volcano morphology; landslide
ID DEBRIS AVALANCHES; AUGUSTINE VOLCANO; LESSER-ANTILLES; CANARY-ISLANDS;
NEW-ZEALAND; RIDGE; STRATOVOLCANOES; LANDSLIDES; MORPHOLOGY; NORTHWEST
AB Repeated multibeam bathymetric surveys at Monowai Cone, a shallow submarine basaltic volcano and part of the Monowai Volcanic Center in the northern Kermadec arc, were conducted in 1998, 2004, and 2007. These surveys document dramatic depth changes at the volcano including negative changes up to - 176 m from two sector collapses and positive changes up to + 138 m from volcanic reconstruction near the summit and debris avalanche deposits downslope of the slide scars. One sector collapse occurred on the SE slope between 1998 and 2004 with a volume of similar to 0.09 km(3), and another occurred on the SW slope between 2004 and 2007 with a volume of similar to 0.04 km(3). The volume of positive depth change due to addition of volcanic material by eruption is of the same order: similar to 0.05 km(3) between 1998 and 2004 and similar to 0.06 km(3) between 2004 and 2007. During these time intervals, monitoring by the Polynesian Seismic Network detected frequent T wave swarms at Monowai, indicative of explosive eruptive activity every few months. An unusual T wave swarm on 24 May 2002 was previously interpreted as the collapse event between the 1998 and 2004 surveys, but no similarly anomalous T waves were detected between 2004 and 2007, probably because the Polynesian Seismic Network stations were acoustically shadowed from the second slide event. We interpret that the sector collapses on Monowai are caused by the unstable loading of fragmental erupted material on the summit and steep upper slopes of the volcano (> 20 degrees). Moreover, there appears to be a cyclic pattern in which recurrent eruptions oversteepen the cone and periodically lead to collapse events that transport volcaniclastic material downslope to the lower apron of the volcano. Volumetric rate calculations suggest that these two processes may be more or less in equilibrium. The repeated collapses at Monowai are relatively modest in volume (involving only 0.1-0.5% of the edifice volume), have occurred much more frequently than is estimated for larger debris avalanches at subaerial volcanoes, and may be characteristic of how persistently active shallow submarine arc volcanoes grow.
C1 [Chadwick, W. W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Wright, I. C.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
[Schwarz-Schampera, U.] Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, D-30655 Hannover, Germany.
[Hyvernaud, O.; Reymond, D.] CEA, Lab Detect & Geophys, FP-98713 Papeete, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia.
[de Ronde, C. E. J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, NOAA, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM william.w.chadwick@noaa.gov
RI Wright, Ian/B-9643-2008
OI Wright, Ian/0000-0002-6660-0493
FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [C01X0203,
C01X0702]; German Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [03G0192];
U.S. NOAAVents program
FX Thanks are due to the officers and crews of the R/V Sonne and R/V
Tangaroa for the bathymetric surveys conducted in 1998, 2004, and 2007.
This work was funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science
and Technology (contracts C01X0203 and C01X0702), the German
Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF project 03G0192), and
the U.S. NOAAVents program. The manuscript was improved by helpful
reviews by Steven Carey and Lee Siebert. Susan Merle assisted with
processing multibeam data and creating figures. NOAA/PMEL contribution
3221.
NR 46
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD OCT 24
PY 2008
VL 9
AR Q10014
DI 10.1029/2008GC002113
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 365HC
UT WOS:000260395500002
ER
PT J
AU Xu, XD
Lu, CG
Shi, XH
Gao, ST
AF Xu, Xiangde
Lu, Chungu
Shi, Xiaohui
Gao, Shouting
TI World water tower: An atmospheric perspective
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU
AB A large amount of water is stored in the world's highest and largest plateau, the Tibetan Plateau, in the forms of glaciers, snowpacks, lakes, and rivers. It is vital to understand where these waters come from and whether the supply to these water resources has been experiencing any changes during recent global warming. Here we show the maintenance of water content in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau, the atmospheric circulations and transports of water vapor to this part of the world, and the trend of the water vapor supply. The Tibetan Plateau serves as a role of "the world water tower'', and its land-ocean-atmosphere interaction provides a profound impact on the global natural and climate environment. The analyses of a half-century time series of atmospheric water vapor, precipitation, and surface temperature indicate that the atmospheric supply to this water tower presents an increasing trend under recent global warming condition. Citation: Xu, X., C. Lu, X. Shi, and S. Gao (2008), World water tower: An atmospheric perspective, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20815, doi:10.1029/2008GL035867.
C1 [Xu, Xiangde; Shi, Xiaohui] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 10081, Peoples R China.
[Gao, Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Lu, Chungu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Xu, XD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, 46 Zhong Guan Cun S St, Beijing 10081, Peoples R China.
EM chungu.lu@noaa.gov
FU Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [90502003]; Chinese Academy
of Meteorological Science [2008Z006]; Independent Research Project of
LaSW [2008LASWZI04]; China and Japan intergovernmental cooperation
program (JICA)
FX This research was funded by the Chinese National Natural Science
Foundation under grants 90502003, The Key Project Basic Scientific
Research and Operation fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science
(2008Z006), the Independent Research Project of LaSW (2008LASWZI04) and
the China and Japan intergovernmental cooperation program (JICA). The
authors would like to thank Xiaoyin Shi for her assistance in some
computations during the research, and Ann Reiser for her editing of the
paper.
NR 18
TC 64
Z9 75
U1 4
U2 26
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 24
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 20
AR L20815
DI 10.1029/2008GL035867
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 365GU
UT WOS:000260394700007
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, R
AF Zhang, Rong
TI Coherent surface-subsurface fingerprint of the Atlantic meridional
overturning circulation
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; OSCILLATION; TRANSPORT
AB Satellite altimeter data shows a weakening of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre during the 1990s, which is thought as an indicator of a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). However, whether the recent slowing subpolar gyre is a decadal variation or a long-term trend remains unclear. Here I show that altimeter data is highly correlated with instrumental subsurface ocean temperature data in the North Atlantic, and both show opposite signs between the subpolar gyre and the Gulf Stream path. Such a dipole pattern is a distinctive fingerprint of AMOC variability, as shown for the first time by a 1000-year coupled ocean-atmosphere model simulation. The results suggest that, contrary to previous interpretations, the recent slowdown of the subpolar gyre is a part of a multidecadal variation and suggests a strengthening of the AMOC. The ongoing satellite and subsurface temperature measurements could be used to monitor future AMOC variations sensitively. Citation: Zhang, R. (2008), Coherent surface-subsurface fingerprint of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20705, doi:10.1029/2008GL035463.
C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov
RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014
OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556
FU CNES
FX I thank Kirk Bryan, Thomas L. Delworth, and Syukuro Manabe for helpful
discussion. The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and
distributed by AVISO with support from CNES.
NR 28
TC 102
Z9 103
U1 1
U2 26
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 24
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 20
AR L20705
DI 10.1029/2008GL035463
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 365GU
UT WOS:000260394700005
ER
PT J
AU Chang, JJ
Engels, P
Hoefer, MA
AF Chang, J. J.
Engels, P.
Hoefer, M. A.
TI Formation of Dispersive Shock Waves by Merging and Splitting
Bose-Einstein Condensates
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS; DECAY
AB The processes of merging and splitting dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensates are studied in the nonadiabatic, high-density regime. Rich dynamics are found. Depending on the experimental parameters, uniform soliton trains containing more than ten solitons or the formation of a high-density bulge as well as dispersive shock waves are observed experimentally within merged BECs. Our numerical simulations indicate the formation of many vortex rings. In the case of splitting a BEC, the transition from sound-wave formation to dispersive shock-wave formation is studied by use of increasingly stronger splitting barriers. These experiments realize prototypical dispersive shock situations.
C1 [Chang, J. J.; Engels, P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Hoefer, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Chang, JJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
EM engels@wsu.edu
OI HOEFER, MARK/0000-0001-5883-6562
FU NSF [PHY-0652976]
FX P.E. acknowledges financial support from NSF under Grant No.
PHY-0652976.
NR 33
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 24
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 17
AR 170404
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.170404
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 365CN
UT WOS:000260383600004
PM 18999726
ER
PT J
AU Daley, AJ
Boyd, MM
Ye, J
Zoller, P
AF Daley, Andrew J.
Boyd, Martin M.
Ye, Jun
Zoller, Peter
TI Quantum Computing with Alkaline-Earth-Metal Atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL LATTICE; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; NEUTRAL ATOMS
AB We present a complete scheme for quantum information processing using the unique features of alkaline-earth-metal atoms. We show how two completely independent lattices can be formed for the (1)S(0) and (3)P(0) states, with one used as a storage lattice for qubits encoded on the nuclear spin, and the other as a transport lattice to move qubits and perform gate operations. We discuss how the (3)P(2) level can be used for addressing of individual qubits, and how collisional losses from metastable states can be used to perform gates via a lossy blockade mechanism.
C1 [Daley, Andrew J.; Ye, Jun; Zoller, Peter] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Daley, Andrew J.; Zoller, Peter] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Daley, Andrew J.; Zoller, Peter] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Boyd, Martin M.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Boyd, Martin M.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Daley, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Daley, Andrew/F-5366-2014; Zoller,
Peter/O-1639-2014
OI Daley, Andrew/0000-0001-9005-7761; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505
FU DARPA; NIST; NSF; Austrian Science Foundation (FWF); EU Network NAMEQUAM
FX We thank C. Greene, M. Lukin, A. Gorshkov, and L.-M. Duan for useful
discussions. A.J.D. thanks the Institute for Quantum Information at
Caltech for support, and A.J.D, J.Y, and P.Z. thank Caltech for
hospitality. Work at JILA is supported by DARPA, NIST, and NSF, and work
in Innsbruck is supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF), and
by the EU Network NAMEQUAM.
NR 35
TC 116
Z9 116
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 24
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 17
AR 170504
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.170504
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 365CN
UT WOS:000260383600011
PM 18999733
ER
PT J
AU Yin, DW
Horkay, F
Douglas, JF
de Pablo, JJ
AF Yin, De-Wei
Horkay, Ferenc
Douglas, Jack F.
de Pablo, Juan J.
TI Molecular simulation of the swelling of polyelectrolyte gels by
monovalent and divalent counterions
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHYSIOLOGICAL SALT-SOLUTIONS; DISCONTINUOUS VOLUME TRANSITIONS;
PRIMITIVE MODEL ELECTROLYTES; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; POLYACRYLATE
HYDROGELS; FLEXIBLE POLYELECTROLYTES; EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE;
PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; REPULSIVE FORCES; SIMPLE LIQUIDS
AB Permanently crosslinked polyelectrolyte gels are known to undergo discontinuous first-order volume phase transitions, the onset of which may be caused by a number of factors. In this study we examine the volumetric properties of such polyelectrolyte gels in relation to the progressive substitution of monovalent counterions by divalent counterions as the gels are equilibrated in solvents of different dielectric qualities. We compare the results of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of polyelectrolyte gels with previous experimental measurements by others on polyacrylate gels. The simulations show that under equilibrium conditions there is an approximate cancellation between the electrostatic contribution and the counterion excluded-volume contribution to the osmotic pressure in the gel-solvent system; these two contributions to the osmotic pressure have, respectively, energetic and entropic origins. The finding of such a cancellation between the two contributions to the osmotic pressure of the gel-solvent system is consistent with experimental observations that the swelling behavior of polyelectrolyte gels can be described by equations of state for neutral gels. Based on these results, we show and explain that a modified form of the Flory-Huggins model for nonionic polymer solutions, which accounts for neither electrostatic effects nor counterion excluded-volume effects, fits both experimental and simulated data for polyelectrolyte gels. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameters obtained from regression to the simulation data are characteristic of ideal polymer solutions, whereas the experimentally obtained interaction parameters, particularly that associated with the third virial coefficient, exhibit a significant departure from ideality, leading us to conclude that further enhancements to the simulation model, such as the inclusion of excess salt, the allowance for size asymmetric electrolytes, or the use of a distance-dependent solvent dielectricity model, may be required. Molecular simulations also reveal that the condensation of divalent counterions onto the polyelectrolyte network backbone occurs preferentially over that of monovalent counterions. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
C1 [Yin, De-Wei; de Pablo, Juan J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Horkay, Ferenc] NICHD, Sect Tissue Biophys & Biomimet, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Douglas, Jack F.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP de Pablo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM depablo@engr.wisc.edu
OI Yin, De-Wei/0000-0002-0032-8108
FU U. S. National Science Foundation through the University of
Wisconsin-Madison Materials Research Science and Engineering Center
(UWMRSEC); Grainger Wisconsin Foundation; Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada [PGSB-242497-2001]; NICHD; NIH
FX The authors are grateful for funding support by the U. S. National
Science Foundation through the University of Wisconsin-Madison Materials
Research Science and Engineering Center (UWMRSEC). D. W. Y. thanks the
Grainger Wisconsin Foundation and the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada (PGSB-242497-2001) during the course of his
studies. F. H. acknowledges the support of the Intramural Research
Program of the NICHD, NIH. The authors also wish to thank T. A. Darden
of the U. S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences for the
SPME (Ref.42) computer code that was used to calculate the electrostatic
interactions. The simulations were performed on computers of the Grid
Laboratory of Wisconsin at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
NR 57
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U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
EI 1089-7690
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD OCT 21
PY 2008
VL 129
IS 15
AR 154902
DI 10.1063/1.2991179
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 363QA
UT WOS:000260280600055
PM 19045224
ER
PT J
AU Yang, ES
Cunnold, DM
Newchurch, MJ
Salawitch, RJ
McCormick, MP
Russell, JM
Zawodny, JM
Oltmans, SJ
AF Yang, E. -S.
Cunnold, D. M.
Newchurch, M. J.
Salawitch, R. J.
McCormick, M. P.
Russell, J. M., III
Zawodny, J. M.
Oltmans, S. J.
TI First stage of Antarctic ozone recovery
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; MCMURDO STATION; SOUTH-POLE; DEPLETION;
TRANSPORT; IMPACT; HOLE; AIR
AB Ozone within the springtime Antarctic vortex is affected by both chemical and dynamical processes. We use correlations between monthly means of total ozone columns and temperatures in the vortex core and the vortex edge (or collar) regions to construct ozone anomaly time series for September and October, which mainly reflect variations in ozone due to chemical forcing. The ozone anomaly time series, obtained from ground-based Dobson/Brewer column measurements, reveal a statistically significant leveling off of total ozone, relative to the previous rate of decline, since 1997. The second derivative with respect to time of stratospheric halogen loading in the Antarctic vortex reached a well-defined minimum in 1997, marking the time when the chemical forcing of polar ozone loss started leveling off. Vertical profiles of ozone in the Antarctic vortex from SAGE II and ozonesondes show that near-zero levels of ozone have sometimes been reached in the core of the vortex each October, between the 380 and 500 K isentropes, since 1992. We have accounted for this so-called loss saturation effect in our analysis by comparing the frequency distribution of measured ozone with the distribution expected from a reconstruction of ozone that hypothetically allows ozone abundances to drop below zero. This approach indicates that changes in stratospheric halogen loading, not the loss saturation effect, are the primary cause of the recent leveling off of the total ozone anomaly time series. This analysis indicates that total column ozone within the Antarctic vortex core and collar regions has reached the first stage of recovery as defined by the World Meteorological Organization: a statistically significant reduction in the rate of decline that is clearly attributable to decreases in the abundance of ozone-depleting substances brought about by the Montreal Protocol.
C1 [Yang, E. -S.; Cunnold, D. M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[McCormick, M. P.; Russell, J. M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
[Newchurch, M. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Zawodny, J. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Salawitch, R. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Yang, ES (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM mike@nsstc.uah.edu
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832
FU NASA at Georgia Tech
FX We thank P. Newman for providing a Web site that we have used to
calculate EEASC and for many helpful discussions. Dobson/ Brewer total
ozone and ozonesonde ozone data were provided by the Swiss
Meteorological Service with additional data available at the World Ozone
and Ultraviolet Data Center (WOUDC). Dobson total ozone data at
Vernadsky (Faraday) and Halley were obtained from the British Antarctic
Survey (BAS). Ozonesonde data at South Pole were provided by NOAA/ESRL.
The NCEP temperature data were obtained from NOAA-CIRES/CDC. E.-S. Yang
was supported by NASA at Georgia Tech for the majority of this work.
NASA also provided the majority of support to the other authors for this
research. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration. We thank three anonymous reviewers for
providing many detailed, thoughtful comments that led to substantial
revisions and a significantly improved paper. We note that our paper
represents the complete data record from the remarkable SAGE and HALOE
instruments. SAGE I commenced observations in 1979 and SAGE II ceased
operating on 22 August 2005. HALOE ceased operating on 14 December 2005.
The SAGE I/II and HALOE instruments documented the relationship between
CFCs and polar ozone depletion, details of the microphysics of polar
stratospheric cloud formation, and the physical (denitrification) and
chemical (chlorine activation) effect of PSCs. The data record provided
by these instruments played an important role in quantifying the effect
of human activity on the polar ozone depletion that led to the passage
of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments, which have essentially
eliminated the production of CFCs and related species. It is a strong
testament to the respective instrument teams that both SAGE II and HALOE
remained operational long enough to observe the beginning of the
recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole.
NR 39
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 21
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D20
AR D20308
DI 10.1029/2007JD009675
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 365GE
UT WOS:000260393100001
ER
PT J
AU Budhlall, BM
Marquez, M
Velev, OD
AF Budhlall, Bridgette M.
Marquez, Manuel
Velev, Orlin D.
TI Microwave, Photo- and Thermally Responsive PNIPAm-Gold Nanoparticle
Microgels
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID POLY-N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; INTERNAL PHASE-SEPARATION; SHELL
MICROCAPSULES; EMULSION DROPLETS; HOLLOW SPHERES; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS;
LATEX-PARTICLES; RELEASE; NANOCONTAINERS; MICROSPHERES
AB Microwave-, photo- and thermo-responsive polymer microgels that range in size from 500 to 800 urn and are swollen with water were prepared by a novel microarray technique. We used a liquid-liquid dispersion technique in a system of three immiscible liquids to prepare hybrid PNIPAm-co-AM core-shell capsules loaded with AuNPs. The spontaneous encapsulation is a result of the formation of double oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) emulsion. It is facilitated by adjusting the balance of the interfacial tensions between the aqueous phase (in which a water-soluble drug may be dissolved), the monomer phase and the continuous phase. The water-in-oil (w/o) droplets containing 26 wt% NIPAm and Am monomers, 0.1 wt% Tween-80 surfactant, FITC fluorescent dye and colloidal gold nanoparticles spontaneously developed a core-shell morphology that was fixed by in situ photopolymerization. The results demonstrate new reversibly swelling and deswelling AuNP/PNIPAm hybrid core-shell microcapsules and microgels that can be actuated by visible light and/or microwave radiation (<= 1250nm) and/or temperature. This is the first study to demonstrate that incorporating AuNPs speeds up the response kinetics of PNIPAm, and hence enhances the sensitivity to external stimuli of PNIPAm. These microgels can have potential applications for microfluidic switches or microactuators, photosensors, and various nanomedicine applications in controlled delivery and release.
C1 [Budhlall, Bridgette M.] Univ Massachusetts, NSF Funded Ctr High Rate Nanomfg, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.
[Budhlall, Bridgette M.] Univ Massachusetts, Nanomfg Ctr Excellence, Dept Engn Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.
[Budhlall, Bridgette M.; Velev, Orlin D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Budhlall, Bridgette M.; Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Budhlall, Bridgette M.; Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Budhlall, Bridgette M.; Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Budhlall, BM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, NSF Funded Ctr High Rate Nanomfg, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.
EM bridgette_budhlall@uml.edu; odvelev@unity.ncsu.edu
FU University of Massachusetts, Lowell; International Network of Emerging
Science and Technology Group; Phillip Morris USA
FX B.M.B. acknowledges the University of Massachusetts, Lowell, for
granting time to work with Prof. Velev, International Network of
Emerging Science and Technology Group, Phillip Morris USA for funding,
Emily Hon (undergraduate student), Suk-Tai Chang and Ketan Bhatt
(graduate students) for performing some of the experiments and providing
training on the confocal microscope, respectively.
NR 66
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U1 8
U2 132
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD OCT 21
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 20
BP 11959
EP 11966
DI 10.1021/la8019556
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 360HT
UT WOS:000260049300087
PM 18817426
ER
PT J
AU Dietlein, C
Popovic, Z
Grossman, EN
AF Dietlein, Charles
Popovic, Zoya
Grossman, Erich N.
TI Aqueous blackbody calibration source for millimeter-wave/terahertz
metrology
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY; BANDPASS-FILTERS; TRAP
DETECTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIOMETER; WATER
AB This paper describes a calibrated broadband emitter for the millimeter-wave through terahertz frequency regime, called the aqueous blackbody calibration source. Due to its extremely high absorption, liquid water is chosen as the emitter on the basis of reciprocity. The water is constrained to a specific shape (an optical trap geometry) in an expanded polystyrene (EPS) container and maintained at a selected, uniform temperature. Uncertainty in the selected radiometric temperature due to the undesirable reflectance present at a water interface is minimized by the trap geometry, ensuring that radiation incident on the entrance aperture encounters a pair of s and a pair of p reflections at 45 degrees. For water reflectance R. of 40% at 45 degrees in W-band, this implies a theoretical effective aperture emissivity of (1 - (RwsRwp2)-R-2) > 98.8%. From W-band to 450 GHz, the maximum radiometric temperature uncertainty is +/- 0.40 K, independent of water temperature. Uncertainty from 450 GHz to 1 THz is increased due to EPS scattering and absorption, resulting in a maximum uncertainty of -3 K at I THz.
C1 [Dietlein, Charles; Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dietlein, Charles; Grossman, Erich N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Dietlein, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM dietlein@boulder.nist.gov
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Microanterma Arrays:
Microsystems Technology (DARPA MIATA) Office; National Science
Foundation (NSF) [0501578]
FX The authors thank Christopher Cromer for useful comments during the
preparation of this manuscript, John Lehman for suggestions during the
initial design, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Microanterma Arrays: Microsystems Technology (DARPA MIATA) Office
program for providing the motivation for this work. C. Dietlein thanks
the National Science Foundation (NSF) for funding under grant #0501578.
NR 35
TC 19
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U1 1
U2 9
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD OCT 20
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 30
BP 5604
EP 5615
DI 10.1364/AO.47.005604
PG 12
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 369XA
UT WOS:000260726000007
PM 18936808
ER
PT J
AU Huang, EW
Liaw, PK
Porcar, L
Liu, Y
Liu, YL
Kai, JJ
Chen, WR
AF Huang, E-Wen
Liaw, Peter K.
Porcar, Lionel
Liu, Yun
Liu, Yee-Lang
Kai, Ji-Jung
Chen, Wei-Ren
TI Study of nanoprecipitates in a nickel-based superalloy using small-angle
neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALLOY
AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments were performed on a Ni-based nanoprecipitate-strengthened superalloy. A theoretical model for SANS absolute intensity distribution I(Q) was presented to extract the structural properties. During the deformation process, a change in the morphology of precipitates was discovered. However, the average interprecipitate distance and the average volume of precipitates were found to remain invariant. This microstructural information resolved by SANS is in good agreement with the results obtained from the quantitative transmission-electron-microscopy image analysis. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3002288]
C1 [Huang, E-Wen; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Porcar, Lionel; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Yee-Lang; Kai, Ji-Jung] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
[Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Huang, EW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM chenw@ornl.gov
RI Huang, E-Wen/A-7509-2009; Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012;
Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015;
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Huang,
E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661; KAI, Ji-jung/0000-0001-7848-8753
FU International Materials Institutes (IMI) Program (DMR-0231320) National
Science Foundation (NSF); NSF [DMR-0454672]
FX International Materials Institutes (IMI) Program (DMR-0231320) National
Science Foundation (NSF), supports this research. NIST U. S. DOC
provided the neutron-research facilities under the NSF agreement
DMR-0454672. We thank Haynes International, Inc.6 for
providing the materials.
NR 13
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD OCT 20
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 16
AR 161904
DI 10.1063/1.3002288
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 365CO
UT WOS:000260383700016
ER
PT J
AU Pool, SS
Brodeur, RD
Goodman, NL
Daly, EA
AF Pool, Suzan S.
Brodeur, Richard D.
Goodman, N. Lynn
Daly, Elizabeth A.
TI Abundance, distribution, and feeding patterns of juvenile coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Juan de Fuca Eddy
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE zooplankton; coho salmon; feeding intensity; environmental conditions;
Northeast Pacific; Juan de Fuca Eddy
ID SOUTHERN VANCOUVER ISLAND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF;
WASHINGTON COAST; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; DOMOIC ACID; PACIFIC;
CHINOOK; OREGON; TSHAWYTSCHA
AB The Juan de Fuca Eddy is a seasonal, counter-clockwise gyre off the mouth of the Strait of Juan de Fuca between Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada that may provide favorable feeding habitat for juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during their early marine existence. In late September 2002, physical and biological sampling was conducted along two transects of the eddy region. Surface rope trawling was conducted to capture juvenile salmon and other nekton, along with bongo and neuston net tows to examine potential mesozooplanktonic salmon prey. Presence of the Juan de Fuca Eddy was confirmed with vertical water profiles. In addition, nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations collected from 3-m depth were within the range observed in previous studies within the eddy region. In the mesozooplankton community, euphausiids, chaetognaths, and decapod megalopae were common. In the diet of juvenile coho salmon, euphausiids and decapod megalopae were dominant by percent number, and larval and juvenile fish were dominant by percent weight. Feeding intensity (percent body weight) based on stomach contents was variable, but not significantly different among stations. To compare the Juan de Fuca Eddy region with an upwelling area, we sampled along a transect off La Push (LP), Washington, USA which is south of the eddy. The eddy region was found to be less productive than the LP transect. Nutrients were lower, chlorophyll a concentrations were higher, and zooplankton abundance was generally higher along the LP transect than in the eddy region. In addition, more juvenile coho salmon were captured from the LP transect than the eddy region. Prey items in stomachs of salmon from the LP transect were heterogeneous compared to those from the eddy region. Feeding intensity along the LP transect was slightly lower and more variable than in the eddy region, and differences in feeding intensity among LP stations were significant. In addition, feeding intensities among stations nested within regions were significantly different. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pool, Suzan S.] Oregon State Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
[Brodeur, Richard D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Goodman, N. Lynn] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Pool, SS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, POB 155,520 Heceta Pl, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
EM Suzan.Pool@oregonstate.edu; Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov; godot@roadrunner.com;
Elizabeth.Daly@oregonstate.edu
FU Bonneville Power Administration; U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific Program
FX We would like to thank Troy Guy, Jen Zamon, Laurie Weitkamp, and Doug
Reese for assistance in field sampling. Troy Guy, Barbara Hickey, Curtis
Roegner, Ed Casillas, Marc Trudel, and two anonymous reviewers provided
suggestions which significantly improved the manuscript. Bill Peterson
and Cheryl Morgan generously provided zooplankton data from the La Push
transect. One of the authors, Lynn Goodman, was supported by a Research
Experience for Undergraduates Fellowship from the National Science
Foundation. This project was supported by the Bonneville Power
Administration and the U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific Program. This is
U.S. GLOBEC contribution number 602.
NR 59
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD OCT 20
PY 2008
VL 80
IS 1
BP 85
EP 94
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.07.009
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 369LM
UT WOS:000260696000011
ER
PT J
AU Nezlin, NP
DiGiacomo, PM
Diehl, DW
Jones, BH
Johnson, SC
Mengel, MJ
Reifel, KM
Warrick, JA
Wang, MH
AF Nezlin, Nikolay P.
DiGiacomo, Paul M.
Diehl, Dario W.
Jones, Burton H.
Johnson, Scott C.
Mengel, Michael J.
Reifel, Kristen M.
Warrick, Jonathan A.
Wang, Menghua
TI Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California
coastal ocean
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ocean color; sea-spectral reflectance; MODIS; plumes; southern
California Bight; 32 degrees 00 '-34 degrees 30 ' N, 120 degrees 00
'-117 degrees 00 ' W
ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS; FECAL
INDICATOR BACTERIA; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION;
SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; SPRING TRANSITION; SURFACE
WATERS; SATELLITE DATA
AB Stormwater plumes in the southern California coastal ocean were detected by MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery and compared to ship-based data on surface salinity and fecal indicator bacterial (FIB) counts collected during the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality Program surveys in February-March of 2004 and 2005. MODIS imagery was processed using a combined near-infrared/shortwave-infrared (NIR-SWIR) atmospheric correction method, which substantially improved normalized water-leaving radiation (nLw) optical spectra in coastal waters with high turbidity. Plumes were detected using a minimum-distance supervised classification method based on nLw spectra averaged within the training areas, defined as circular zones of 1.5-5.0-km radii around field stations with a surface salinity of S < 32.0 ("plume") and S > 33.0 ("ocean"). The plume optical signatures (i.e., the nLw differences between "plume" and "ocean") were most evident during the first 2 days after the rainstorms. To assess the accuracy of plume detection, stations were classified into "plume" and "ocean" using two criteria: (1) "plume" included the stations with salinity below a certain threshold estimated from the maximum accuracy of plume detection; and (2) FIB counts in "plume" exceeded the California State Water Board standards. The salinity threshold between "plume" and "ocean" was estimated as 32.2. The total accuracy of plume detection in terms of surface salinity was not high (68% on average), seemingly because of imperfect correlation between plume salinity and ocean color. The accuracy of plume detection in terms of FIB exceedances was even lower (64% on average), resulting from low correlation between ocean color and bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, satellite imagery was shown to be a useful tool for the estimation of the extent of potentially polluted plumes, which was hardly achievable by direct sampling methods (in particular, because the grids of ship-based stations covered only small parts of the plumes detected via synoptic MODIS imagery). In most southern California coastal areas, the zones of bacterial contamination were much smaller than the areas of turbid plumes; an exception was the plume of the Tijuana River, where the zone of bacterial contamination was comparable with the zone of plume detected by ocean color. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Nezlin, Nikolay P.; Diehl, Dario W.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project SCCWRP, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA.
[DiGiacomo, Paul M.; Wang, Menghua] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Jones, Burton H.; Reifel, Kristen M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Johnson, Scott C.] Aquat Bioassay & Consulting Labs, Ventura, CA 93001 USA.
[Mengel, Michael J.] OCSD, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA.
[Warrick, Jonathan A.] USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Nezlin, NP (reprint author), So Calif Coastal Water Res Project SCCWRP, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA.
EM nikolayn@sccwrp.org
RI Reifel, Kristen/J-7052-2014; DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Wang,
Menghua/F-5631-2010
OI Reifel, Kristen/0000-0002-2394-9185; DiGiacomo,
Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125
FU NASA Oceans & Ice Research Award [NRA-04-OES-02]
FX The authors would like to thank Wei Shi for help in processing MODIS
data, and the NASA GSFC for the production and distribution of the MODIS
data and images. MODIS data were acquired as part of the NASA's Earth
Science Enterprise and were processed by the MODIS Adaptive Processing
System (MODAPS), archived and distributed by the Goddard DAAC. The
authors thank all participants of the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality
Program. Critical comments of Alex Steele, Ivan Valiela and two
anonymous reviewers helped to improve the paper significantly. We also
thank Karlene Miller for editing the manuscript to make the writing
style more accessible. This work was partly supported by a NASA Oceans &
Ice Research Award (NRA-04-OES-02) from the NASA Ocean Biology and
Biogeochemistry Program (Dr. Paula Bontempi, Program Scientist). The
contents of this article are solely the opinions of the authors and do
not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of
the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or the U.S. Government.
NR 71
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 13
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD OCT 20
PY 2008
VL 80
IS 1
BP 141
EP 152
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.07.012
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 369LM
UT WOS:000260696000017
ER
PT J
AU Li, CY
Walker, N
Hou, AX
Georgiou, I
Roberts, H
Laws, E
McCorquodale, JA
Weeks, E
Lie, XF
Crochet, J
AF Li, Chunyan
Walker, Nan
Hou, Aixin
Georgiou, Ioannis
Roberts, Harry
Laws, Ed
McCorquodale, J. Alex
Weeks, Eddie
Lie, Xiaofeng
Crochet, Jessica
TI Circular plumes in Lake Pontchartrain estuary under wind straining
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE saltwater intrusion; tidal straining; estuarine circulation
ID DENSITY CURRENTS; OUTFLOW PLUME; RIVER OUTFLOW; STRATIFICATION;
TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; ROTATION; FRONTS; REGIME; MOTION
AB Circular shaped density plumes of low turbidity, low fecal indicator (Escherichia coli and enterococci) concentrations, and high salinity have been observed near the Industrial Canal in Lake Pontchartrain, north of the City of New Orleans. A conceptual model in polar coordinates and a numerical model are developed, together with data analysis, to illustrate the dense plume. It is demonstrated that the northward expansion of the plume occurs under northerly winds. The northward expansion of the plume occurs under northerly winds that drive downwind flow at the surface and upwind radial flow at the bottom. Northerly wind-induced straining, similar to tidal straining, promotes vertical stratification. As a result, the water becomes stratified near a thin bottom layer (<1 m), within which density currents are facilitated. The stability of the stratified plume suppresses wind-induced turbulent mixing inside the plume. The bottom water outside of the plume is more effectively stirred by the wind, the result being that the suspended sediment concentration outside of the plume area is much higher than inside. This contrast in mixing makes the plume visible from the surface by satellites even though the stratification is at the bottom. Laterally, wind stress produces a torque (vorticity) in areas of non-uniform depth such that upwind flow is developed in deep water and downwind flow in shallow water. The continuity requirement produces an upwind flow along the axis of the Industrial Canal (IC). The upwind flow is balanced by the downwind flow over the shallower peripheral areas along the coast. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Chunyan; Walker, Nan; Roberts, Harry; Weeks, Eddie; Crochet, Jessica] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Hou, Aixin; Laws, Ed] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Environm Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Georgiou, Ioannis] Univ New Orleans, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
[McCorquodale, J. Alex] Univ New Orleans, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
[Lie, Xiaofeng] NOAA E RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Li, Chunyan; Lie, Xiaofeng] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China.
RP Li, CY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM cli@lsu.edu
RI Walker, Nan/D-8819-2013; hou, aixin/E-9398-2013; Li,
Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008
OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119
FU NSF [OCE-0554674]; NASA [URC-HBCU-02-0017-0002]; NOAA [NA06NPS4780197]
FX The staff and students of the Earth Scan Laboratory are thanked for
developing and maintaining the MODIS products used in this study. This
project was funded by NSF Grant# OCE-0554674. Additional funds were
provided by NASA URC-HBCU-02-0017-0002 and NASA(2007) - Stennis-05, and
NOAA NA06NPS4780197. We appreciate the three anonymous reviewers whose
constructive comments and suggestions have helped the improvement of the
manuscript.
NR 49
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Z9 24
U1 0
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD OCT 20
PY 2008
VL 80
IS 1
BP 161
EP 172
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.07.020
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 369LM
UT WOS:000260696000019
ER
PT J
AU Popov, PP
McDermott, R
Pope, SB
AF Popov, Pavel P.
McDermott, Randall
Pope, Stephen B.
TI An accurate time advancement algorithm for particle tracking
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Particle tracking; Time advancement; Turbulent reactive flow; Large eddy
simulation; Particle method; Filtered density function; Second-order
Runge-Kutta
ID TURBULENT REACTIVE FLOWS
AB We describe a particle position time advancement algorithm that is designed for use with several subgrid velocity reconstruction schemes used in LES/FDF methods, and potentially in other applications. These reconstruction schemes yield a subgrid velocity field with desirable divergence properties, but also with discontinuities across cell faces. Therefore, a conventional time advancement algorithm, such as second-order Runge-Kutta (RK2), does not perform as well as it does with a smooth velocity field. The algorithm that we describe, called Multi-Step RK2 (MRK2), builds upon RK2 by breaking up the time step into two or more substeps whenever a particle crosses one or more velocity discontinuities. When used in conjunction with the parabolic edge reconstruction method, MRK2 performs considerably better than RK2: both the final position of an advected particle, and the final area of a 2D infinitesimal area element are second-order accurate in time (as opposed to first-order accurate for RK2). Furthermore, MRK2 has the theoretical advantage that it better preserves the continuity of the mapping between initial and final particle positions. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Popov, Pavel P.; Pope, Stephen B.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[McDermott, Randall] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Popov, PP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, 245 Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM ppp7@cornell.edu
RI Pope, Stephen/F-6268-2011
OI Pope, Stephen/0000-0001-5629-0420
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0048]; National
Institute of Standards and Technology
FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research,
Grant FA9550-06-1-0048. This work was performed while the second author
held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship at
the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0021-9991
J9 J COMPUT PHYS
JI J. Comput. Phys.
PD OCT 20
PY 2008
VL 227
IS 20
BP 8792
EP 8806
DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.06.021
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 363LB
UT WOS:000260267700003
ER
PT J
AU L'Heureux, ML
Kumar, A
Bell, GD
Halpert, MS
Higgins, RW
AF L'Heureux, Michelle L.
Kumar, Arun
Bell, Gerald D.
Halpert, Michael S.
Higgins, R. Wayne
TI Role of the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern in the 2007 Arctic sea
ice decline
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID 500-MB HEIGHT FLUCTUATIONS; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; SHORT-TIME SCALES;
HEMISPHERE WINTER; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; TELECONNECTIONS; INTERMEDIATE;
LONG
AB The extreme loss of sea ice over the western Arctic during the boreal summer of 2007 (July-August September) was accompanied by a very unusual atmospheric circulation pattern. Here we show that the anomalous circulation was linked to a leading climate mode of the Northern Hemisphere, the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern. The PNA index was three standard deviations above the 1950-2007 mean, and its primary signal in the atmospheric circulation is a strong anomalous anticyclone that was collocated with the location of the greatest Arctic sea ice decline. Therefore, the record-strength PNA along with recent climate trends in the Arctic help to explain the sudden and extreme sea ice melt during the summer of 2007. While the observed PNA was unique, the large decline in sea ice may be further evidence of increased vulnerability to natural atmospheric variability due to a changing climate system. Citation: L'Heureux, M. L., A. Kumar, G. D. Bell, M. S. Halpert, and R. W. Higgins (2008), Role of the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern in the 2007 Arctic sea ice decline, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20701, doi:10.1029/2008GL035205.
C1 [L'Heureux, Michelle L.; Kumar, Arun; Bell, Gerald D.; Halpert, Michael S.; Higgins, R. Wayne] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP L'Heureux, ML (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM michelle.lheureux@noaa.gov
RI L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013
OI L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706
NR 28
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 18
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 20
AR L20701
DI 10.1029/2008GL035205
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 362DC
UT WOS:000260177400001
ER
PT J
AU Petron, G
Tans, P
Frost, G
Chao, DL
Trainer, M
AF Petron, Garielle
Tans, Pieter
Frost, Gregory
Chao, Danlei
Trainer, Michael
TI High-resolution emissions of CO(2) from power generation in the USA
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
AB Electricity generation accounts for close to 40% of the U. S. CO(2) emissions from fossil fuel burning, making it the economic sector with the largest source of CO(2). Since the late 1990s, the Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Markets Division (EPA CAMD) has kept a repository of hourly CO(2) emission data for most power plants in the conterminous United States. In this study, the CAMD CO(2) data are used to derive a high spatiotemporal resolution CO(2) emissions inventory for the electricity generation sector (inventory available on request). Data from 1998 to 2006 have been processed. This unique inventory can be used to improve the understanding of the carbon cycle at fine temporal and spatial scales. The CAMD data set provides the first quantitative estimates of the diurnal and seasonal cycles of the emissions as well as the year to year variability. Emissions peak in the summertime owing to the widespread use of air conditioning. Summertime emissions are in fact highly correlated with the daily average temperature. In conjunction with the EPA Emissions and Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID), we have derived high-resolution maps of CO(2) emissions by fossil fuel burned (coal, gas, oil) for the year 2004. The CAMD data set also reflects regional anomalies in power generation such as the August 2003 blackout in the northeastern United States and the 2000-2001 increase in production in California. We recommend that all sectors of the economy report similar high-resolution CO(2) emissions because of their great usefulness both for carbon cycle science and for greenhouse gases emissions mitigation and regulation.
C1 [Frost, Gregory; Trainer, Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Petron, Garielle; Frost, Gregory; Chao, Danlei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Petron, Garielle; Tans, Pieter; Chao, Danlei] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Petron, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div R GMDI, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM gabrielle.petron@noaa.gov
RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
NR 8
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.
PD OCT 18
PY 2008
VL 113
IS G4
AR G04008
DI 10.1029/2007JG000602
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 362DQ
UT WOS:000260178800001
ER
PT J
AU Irikura, KK
AF Irikura, Karl K.
TI In-adamantane, a small inside-out molecule
SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES
AB The hydrocarbon in-adamantane (1), a high-energy adamantane isomer in which one methine hydrogen atom is inside the cage, is predicted by ab initio calculations to be isolable at dry ice temperature. It has 440 kJ/mol of hydrogenic strain but appears to be stable against dimerization, moisture, and air. The inverted CH bond is compressed, and the IR and NMR spectra are unusual. The symmetrical pentadecafluoro derivative (2) has an estimated half-life of 100 years at room temperature.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM karl.irikura@nist.gov
RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009
OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761
NR 16
TC 2
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U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0022-3263
J9 J ORG CHEM
JI J. Org. Chem.
PD OCT 17
PY 2008
VL 73
IS 20
BP 7906
EP 7908
DI 10.1021/jo801806w
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA 359GH
UT WOS:000259973900007
PM 18816102
ER
PT J
AU McQueen, TM
Stephens, PW
Huang, Q
Klimczuk, T
Ronning, F
Cava, RJ
AF McQueen, T. M.
Stephens, P. W.
Huang, Q.
Klimczuk, T.
Ronning, F.
Cava, R. J.
TI Successive Orbital Ordering Transitions in NaVO(2)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NATIO2; LIVO2
AB Physical property measurements on samples of triangular-lattice NaVO(2) reveal two successive orbital ordering transitions. At 300 K, the structure is rhombohedral. At 98 K, the system undergoes a second-order transition to a monoclinic phase in which the in-plane V-V distances separate into four short and two long bonds, corresponding to orbital ordering of one electron per V(3+). Below 93 K, there is a first-order transition to a second monoclinic phase with four long and two short V-V bonds, consistent with orbital ordering of two electrons per V(3+). Long range magnetic ordering of 0.98(2)mu(B) per V(3+) (3d(2)) sets in at the 93 K structural transition. The orbital ordering relieves the geometric frustration and leads to a magnetically ordered ground state.
C1 [McQueen, T. M.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Stephens, P. W.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Huang, Q.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Klimczuk, T.; Ronning, F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Ronning, F.] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
RP McQueen, TM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RI Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013;
OI Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957
FU National Science Foundation; NSF DMF [NSF-DMR-0703095]; U. S. Department
of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX M. M. gratefully acknowledges support of the National Science Foundation
Graduate Research Fellowship Program. This work was done under NSF DMF
Grant No. NSF-DMR-0703095. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U. S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 14
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 6
U2 31
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 17
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 16
AR 166402
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.166402
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 361QD
UT WOS:000260141300041
PM 18999690
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, J
Yao, DX
Li, SL
Hong, T
Chen, Y
Chang, S
Ratcliff, W
Lynn, JW
Mook, HA
Chen, GF
Luo, JL
Wang, NL
Carlson, EW
Hu, JP
Dai, PC
AF Zhao, Jun
Yao, Dao-Xin
Li, Shiliang
Hong, Tao
Chen, Y.
Chang, S.
Ratcliff, W., II
Lynn, J. W.
Mook, H. A.
Chen, G. F.
Luo, J. L.
Wang, N. L.
Carlson, E. W.
Hu, Jiangping
Dai, Pengcheng
TI Low Energy Spin Waves and Magnetic Interactions in SrFe(2)As(2)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
AB We report inelastic neutron scattering studies of magnetic excitations in antiferromagnetically ordered SrFe(2)As(2) (T(N)=200-220 K), the parent compound of the FeAs-based superconductors. At low temperatures (T=7 K), the magnetic spectrum S(Q,h omega) consists of a Bragg peak at the elastic position (h omega=0 meV), a spin gap (Delta <= 6.5 meV), and sharp spin-wave excitations at higher energies. Based on the observed dispersion relation, we estimate the effective magnetic exchange coupling using a Heisenberg model. On warming across T(N), the low-temperature spin gap rapidly closes, with weak critical scattering and spin-spin correlations in the paramagnetic state. The antiferromagnetic order in SrFe(2)As(2) is therefore consistent with a first order phase transition, similar to the structural lattice distortion.
C1 [Zhao, Jun; Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Yao, Dao-Xin; Carlson, E. W.; Hu, Jiangping] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Hong, Tao; Mook, H. A.; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Chen, Y.; Chang, S.; Ratcliff, W., II; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chen, G. F.; Luo, J. L.; Wang, N. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
RP Zhao, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM daip@ornl.gov
RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010;
Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Hu, Jiangping/A-9154-2010; hu, jiangping
/C-3320-2014
OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Dai,
Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Hu, Jiangping/0000-0003-4480-1734;
FU U.S. NSF [DMR-0756568, PHY-0603759, DMR-0804748]; U.S. DOE, BES
[DE-FG02-05ER46202]; Division of Scientific User Facilities; Research
Corporation; NSF of China; CAS ITSNEM; Ministry of Science and
Technology of China
FX We thank R. Fishman for discussions on Cr. This work is supported by the
U.S. NSF No. DMR-0756568, No. PHY-0603759, No. DMR-0804748, by the U.S.
DOE, BES, through DOE No. DE-FG02-05ER46202, Division of Scientific User
Facilities, and Research Corporation. The work at the IOP, CAS, is
supported by the NSF of China, the CAS ITSNEM, and the Ministry of
Science and Technology of China.
NR 33
TC 149
Z9 152
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 17
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 16
AR 167203
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.167203
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 361QD
UT WOS:000260141300059
PM 18999708
ER
PT J
AU Cipriano, BH
Kota, AK
Gershon, AL
Laskowski, CJ
Kashiwagi, T
Bruck, HA
Raghavan, SR
AF Cipriano, Bani H.
Kota, Arun K.
Gershon, Alan L.
Laskowski, Conrad J.
Kashiwagi, Takashi
Bruck, Hugh A.
Raghavan, Srinivasa R.
TI Conductivity enhancement of carbon nanotube and nanofiber-based polymer
nanocomposites by melt annealing
SO POLYMER
LA English
DT Article
DE Polystyrene; Melt annealing; Nanocomposite
ID COMPOSITE FIBERS; POLYCARBONATE; SPECTROSCOPY; RHEOLOGY; PERCOLATION
AB The addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to polymeric melts Offers a convenient route to obtain highly conductive plastics. However, when these materials are melt processed, their conductivity can be lost. Here, it is shown that conductivities can be recovered through melt annealing at temperatures above the polymer's glass transition temperature (T-g). We demonstrate these results for both MWCNT and CNF-based composites in polystyrene (PS). The mechanism behind the conductivity increase is elucidated through modeling. It involves a transition from aligned, unconnected particles prior to annealing to an interconnected network after annealing through viscoelastic relaxation of the polymer. Such re-arrangement is directly visualized for the case of the CNF-based composites using confocal microscopy. The annealing-induced increase in particle connectivity is also reflected in dynamic rheological measurements on both MWCNT and CNF composites as an increase in their elastic moduli at low frequencies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kota, Arun K.; Gershon, Alan L.; Laskowski, Conrad J.; Bruck, Hugh A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Cipriano, Bani H.; Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Kashiwagi, Takashi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
RP Bruck, HA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM bruck@umd.edu; sraghava@eng.umd.edu
RI Cipriano, Bani/G-9239-2011
FU NIST BFRL [70NANB4H1001]; ONR [N000140710391]
FX BHC and SRR gratefully acknowledge funding from the NIST BFRL extramural
grants program through grant no. 70NANB4H1001. AKK and HAB acknowledge
support by ONR award number N000140710391. Helpful discussions with Prof
NR 27
TC 82
Z9 82
U1 2
U2 31
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0032-3861
J9 POLYMER
JI Polymer
PD OCT 17
PY 2008
VL 49
IS 22
BP 4846
EP 4851
DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.057
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 363CL
UT WOS:000260243400014
ER
PT J
AU McMichael, RD
Stiles, MD
AF McMichael, R. D.
Stiles, M. D.
TI A new spin on the Doppler effect
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID TRANSFER TORQUES; DOMAIN DRAG; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FIELD
C1 [McMichael, R. D.; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McMichael, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM robert.mcmichael@nist.gov; mark.stiles@nist.gov
RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012;
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 12
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 17
PY 2008
VL 322
IS 5900
BP 386
EP 387
DI 10.1126/science.1165717
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 360YK
UT WOS:000260094500030
PM 18927380
ER
PT J
AU McMillan, WW
Warner, JX
Comer, MM
Maddy, E
Chu, A
Sparling, L
Eloranta, E
Hoff, R
Sachse, G
Barnet, C
Razenkov, I
Wolf, W
AF McMillan, W. W.
Warner, J. X.
Comer, M. McCourt
Maddy, E.
Chu, A.
Sparling, L.
Eloranta, E.
Hoff, R.
Sachse, G.
Barnet, C.
Razenkov, I.
Wolf, W.
TI AIRS views transport from 12 to 22 July 2004 Alaskan/Canadian fires:
Correlation of AIRS CO and MODIS AOD with forward trajectories and
comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with DC-8 in situ measurements during
INTEX-A/ICARTT
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; CARBON-MONOXIDE CONCENTRATION;
FOREST-FIRES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; OZONE POLLUTION;
SCALE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; SATELLITE
AB We present observations of transport of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) obtained by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board NASA's Aqua satellite during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-North America (INTEX-A) field campaign in the summer of 2004, part of the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT). In situ measurements from NASA's DC-8 provide crucial assessment of AIRS midtropospheric (400-500 mbar) CO retrievals. For the nine best INTEX-A profiles, convolution of the in situ profiles with AIRS verticality functions demonstrates version 4 AIRS CO retrievals between 400 and 500 mbar are biased high by approximately 8% with a standard deviation slightly less than 5%. The 400-500 mbar region is the only portion of the version 4 AIRS CO retrievals that can be validated as presented here. In some cases, AIRS CO retrievals may be sensitive to CO in the lower to midtroposphere (800-500 mbar). Focusing on one major episode, we investigate transport of CO from a large fire outbreak in the Alaskan/Canadian Yukon region from 11 to 14 July 2004 and follow it downwind to the southeastern United States and Europe by 22 July 2004. Comparison of AIRS CO maps and forward trajectories from fire locations reveals substantial variations in fire emissions especially emission injection height. Any useful forecast model must control for such fire emission variabilities to predict correctly the downwind impact. To match the forward trajectory analyses with AIRS CO observations requires some fires to have directly injected emissions to at least 500 mbar and perhaps as high as 300 mbar. Ground-based lidar observations show smoke plume altitudes from 3 to 11 km over Wisconsin and from 1 to 4 km over Mary land in agreement with the forward trajectories. The Wisconsin lidar profiles on the afternoon of 18 July 2004 constrain the altitude of CO-rich smoke observed by AIRS and MODIS to lie between 2 and 5.5 km above the surface, roughly 800 to 500 mbar. We find that changes in the correlation between AIRS CO and MODIS AOD reflect changes in the CO vertical distribution during this event. This finding is confirmed by in situ measurements, meteorological analyses, and forward trajectory analyses.
C1 [McMillan, W. W.; Sparling, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[McMillan, W. W.; Warner, J. X.; Chu, A.; Hoff, R.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Comer, M. McCourt] So High Sch, Dept Sci, Harwood, MD 20776 USA.
[Maddy, E.] QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Eloranta, E.; Razenkov, I.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Barnet, C.; Wolf, W.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP McMillan, WW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
EM mcmillan@umbc.edu
RI Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Wolf,
Walter/E-7935-2011
OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833
FU NASA; NASA [NAG5-11163, NAG5-11653, NNG04GN42G, NNG06GB06G]; NOAA CREST;
NSF
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA EOS Program for
W. W. M., X.J.W., and M. M. C. through NASA grants NAG5-11163,
NAG5-11653, NNG04GN42G, and NNG06GB06G. R. M. H. was supported through a
grant from the NOAA CREST at CUNY. E. E. is thankful for the support of
NSF. We thank Mark Schoeberl for the trajectory code. Special thanks to
the entire AIRS Team and Vickie Connors for her diligent review of this
manuscript. W. W. M. thanks Rae Force for her patient support. AIRS CO
data are available upon request and online.
NR 93
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 16
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D20
AR D20301
DI 10.1029/2007JD009711
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 362DJ
UT WOS:000260178100002
ER
PT J
AU Helmerson, K
AF Helmerson, Kristian
TI Condensed-matter physics - Surviving the transition
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; COSMOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS
C1 [Helmerson, Kristian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Helmerson, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kristian.helmerson@nist.gov
RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD OCT 16
PY 2008
VL 455
IS 7215
BP 880
EP 881
DI 10.1038/455880a
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 360DW
UT WOS:000260038300028
ER
PT J
AU Fiore, JL
Hodak, JH
Piestert, O
Downey, CD
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Fiore, Julie L.
Hodak, Jose H.
Piestert, Oliver
Downey, Christopher D.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Monovalent and divalent promoted GAAA tetraloop-receptor tertiary
interactions from freely diffusing single-molecule studies
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; TRANSFER CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY;
POISSON-BOLTZMANN; TETRAHYMENA RIBOZYME; MG2+ BINDING; FLUORESCENCE
SPECTROSCOPY; COUNTERION CONDENSATION; THERMODYNAMIC FRAMEWORK;
CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-STATE
AB Proper assembly of RNA into catalytically active three-dimensional structures requires multiple tertiary binding interactions, individual characterization of which is crucial to a detailed understanding of global RNA folding. This work focuses on single-molecule fluorescence studies of freely diffusing RNA constructs that isolate the GAAA tetraloop-receptor tertiary interaction. Freely diffusing conformational dynamics are explored as a function of Mg2(+) and Na(+) concentration, both of which promote facile docking, but with 500-fold different affinities. Systematic shifts in mean fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency values and line widths with increasing [Na(+)] are observed for the undocked species and can be interpreted with a Debye model in terms of electrostatic relaxation and increased flexibility in the RNA. Furthermore, we identify a 34 +/- 2% fraction of freely diffusing RNA constructs remaining undocked even at saturating [Mg(2+)] levels, which agrees quantitatively with the 32 +/- 1% fraction previously reported for immobilized constructs. This verifies that the kinetic heterogeneity observed in the docking rates is not the result of surface tethering. Finally, the K(D) value and Hill coefficient for [Mg(2+)]-dependent docking decrease significantly for [Na(+)] = 25 mM vs. 125 mM, indicating Mg(2+) and Na(+) synergy in the RNA folding process.
C1 [Fiore, Julie L.; Hodak, Jose H.; Piestert, Oliver; Nesbitt, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fiore, Julie L.; Downey, Christopher D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@jila.colorado.edu
RI Hodak, Jose/A-1976-2012
OI Hodak, Jose/0000-0001-5256-0622
FU National Science Foundation; W. M. Keck Foundation; Optical Science and
Engineering Program National Science Foundation-Integrative Graduate
Education and Research Traineeship; University of Colorado Biophysics
Training [T32 GM-065103]; National Institutes of Health Biophysics
Training [GM-065103]
FX Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation
and by the W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the
University of Colorado, Boulder. J.L.F. is supported in part by the
Optical Science and Engineering Program National Science
Foundation-Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship and
University of Colorado Biophysics Training (T32 GM-065103) grants. C.D.D
was also supported in part by the National Institutes of Health
Biophysics Training Grant (GM-065103).
NR 74
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 3
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD OCT 15
PY 2008
VL 95
IS 8
BP 3892
EP 3905
DI 10.1529/biophysj.108.134346
PG 14
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 352NM
UT WOS:000259503900032
PM 18621836
ER
PT J
AU Docherty, KS
Stone, EA
Ulbrich, IM
DeCarlo, PF
Snyder, DC
Schauer, JJ
Peltier, RE
Weber, RJ
Murphy, SM
Seinfeld, JH
Grover, BD
Eatough, DJ
Jimenez, JL
AF Docherty, Kenneth S.
Stone, Elizabeth A.
Ulbrich, Ingrid M.
DeCarlo, Peter F.
Snyder, David C.
Schauer, James J.
Peltier, Richard E.
Weber, Rodney J.
Murphy, Shane M.
Seinfeld, John H.
Grover, Brett D.
Eatough, Delbert J.
Jimenez, Jose L.
TI Apportionment of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosols in Southern
California during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosols in Riverside
(SOAR-1)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG EPISODE; FINE
PARTICULATE MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; MASS-SPECTROMETER;
HIGH-RESOLUTION; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; MEXICO-CITY; EMISSIONS; VEHICLES
AB Ambient sampling was conducted in Riverside, California during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosols in Riverside to characterize the composition and sources of organic aerosol using a variety of state-of-the-art instrumentation and source apportionment techniques. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass is estimated by elemental carbon and carbon monoxide tracer methods, water soluble organic carbon content, chemical mass balance of organic molecular markers, and positive matrix factorization of high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer data. Estimates obtained from each of these methods indicate that the organic fraction in ambient aerosol is overwhelmingly secondary in nature during a period of several weeks with moderate ozone concentrations and that SOA is the single largest component of PM1 aerosol in Riverside.. Average SOA/OA contributions of 70-90% were observed during midday periods, whereas minimum SOA contributions of similar to 45% were observed during peak morning traffic periods. These results are contrary to previous estimates of SOA throughout the Los Angeles Basin which reported that, other than during severe photochemical smog episodes, SOA was lower than primary OA. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
C1 [Docherty, Kenneth S.; Ulbrich, Ingrid M.; DeCarlo, Peter F.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[DeCarlo, Peter F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Docherty, Kenneth S.; Ulbrich, Ingrid M.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stone, Elizabeth A.; Snyder, David C.; Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI USA.
[Peltier, Richard E.; Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Murphy, Shane M.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Grover, Brett D.; Eatough, Delbert J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Snyder,
David/F-1766-2011
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149;
Snyder, David/0000-0002-9492-9800
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR [RD832161010, R831080];
National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0449815]; NSF/UCAR [S05-39607];
EPA [FP-9165081]; NASA [NNG05GQ50H]
FX We acknowledge funding provided by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) STAR grants RD832161010 and R831080, National Science Foundation
(NSF) grant ATM-0449815, and NSF/UCAR grant S05-39607. P.F.D. and I.M.U.
were supported by EPA Fellowship FP-9165081 and NASA Fellowship
NNG05GQ50H, respectively. We also thank Megan McKay and Allen Goldstein
for the use of their CO measurements in the CO-tracer calculations, and
the rest of the Jimenez group and Aerodyne Research for support in the
field and helpful discussions. We would also like to thank Paul Ziemann
and the Air Pollution Research Center for hosting the SOAR-1 study. The
United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of
Research and development collaborated in the research described here. It
has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
NR 55
TC 156
Z9 158
U1 8
U2 60
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD OCT 15
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 20
BP 7655
EP 7662
DI 10.1021/es8008166
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 359LO
UT WOS:000259988400020
PM 18983089
ER
PT J
AU Smith, BL
Ott, LS
Bruno, TJ
AF Smith, Beverly L.
Ott, Lisa S.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Composition-Explicit Distillation Curves of Diesel Fuel with Glycol
Ether and Glycol Ester Oxygenates: Fuel Analysis Metrology to Enable
Decreased Particulate Emissions
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EXHAUST EMISSIONS; REFORMULATED FUELS; AVIATION FUEL; ENGINE;
IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; CHALLENGE; REDUCTION; PARTICLES; ADDITIVES
AB We recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves of complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. We have applied the new method to the measurement of rocket propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, and hydrocarbon crude oils. In this paper we present the application of the technique to representative diesel fuel and mixtures of diesel fuel with some of the more promising oxygenating agents; namely, the glycol ethers and glycol esters: tri(propylene glycol) methyl ether (TPM), dibutyl maleate (DBM), and an 80/20 (vol/vol) mixture, of diethylene glycol methyl ether (DGME) + 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) a mixture often referred to as Cetaner. We present not only the distillation curves but also a chemical characterization of each fraction, and discuss the contrasts between the various mixtures. The measurements are significant as an environmental design tool for decreased particulate emissions.
C1 [Smith, Beverly L.; Ott, Lisa S.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP)
FX B.L.S. acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP)
undergraduate fellowship at NIST. L.S.O. acknowledges an NAS/NRC
postdoctoral associateship at NIST. We acknowledge Arno Laesecke of NIST
for assistance with some of the density and viscosity measurements. We
acknowledge the assistance of Felipe Donate of Dow Chemical Corp. for
providing some of the glycol ethers, and for useful discussions on the
properties of glycol ethers and esters.
NR 63
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD OCT 15
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 20
BP 7682
EP 7689
DI 10.1021/es800067c
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 359LO
UT WOS:000259988400024
PM 18983093
ER
PT J
AU Vialard, J
Foltz, GR
McPhaden, MJ
Duvel, JP
Montegut, CD
AF Vialard, J.
Foltz, G. R.
McPhaden, M. J.
Duvel, J. P.
Montegut, C. de Boyer
TI Strong Indian Ocean sea surface temperature signals associated with the
Madden-Julian Oscillation in late 2007 and early 2008
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LAYER HEAT-BALANCE; PACIFIC; PERTURBATIONS; PREDICTION; FLUXES
AB A moored buoy was recently deployed at 8 degrees S, 67 degrees E in the shallow thermocline region of the Indian Ocean known as "Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge'' (SCTR), where the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is associated with strong sea surface temperature (SST) variability. We use observations from this mooring to describe the oceanic signature of two MJOs between November 2007 and February 2008. The four-month average upper ocean heat balance was largely between heating by atmospheric forcing (2.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C/month) and a significant cooling by subsurface processes (-2.2 +/- 0.8 degrees C/month), consistent with climatological Ekman pumping in the region. The two MJO events resulted in strong intraseasonal SST variations (1.5 to 2 degrees C in similar to 20 days) in the SCTR. At the mooring site, atmospheric fluxes dominated the upper ocean heat balance at the MJO timescale, with the net surface heat flux into the ocean decreasing from an average 105 W m(-2) during suppressed phases to 15 W m(-2) during active phases of the MJO. It is difficult to establish if MJO-induced variations of subsurface processes also contributed to the cooling because of large uncertainty in this term. Lateral advection had no systematic fluctuations on MJO timescales, but cannot be neglected at the mooring site. Citation: Vialard, J., G. R. Foltz, M. J. McPhaden, J. P. Duvel, and C. de Boyer Montegut (2008), Strong Indian Ocean sea surface temperature signals associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation in late 2007 and early 2008, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19608, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035238.
C1 [Vialard, J.] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, IRD, F-75232 Paris 05, France.
[Foltz, G. R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Duvel, J. P.] CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-75231 Paris 05, France.
[Montegut, C. de Boyer] JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
RP Vialard, J (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, IRD, Case 100, F-75232 Paris 05, France.
EM jv@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr
RI Vialard, Jerome/C-2809-2008; de Boyer Montegut, Clement/F-9717-2010;
Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
OI Vialard, Jerome/0000-0001-6876-3766; de Boyer Montegut,
Clement/0000-0003-3218-9330; Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X;
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office
FX The lead author made his contributions to this paper while visiting the
National Institute of Oceanography in Goa, India. QuikScat and Microwave
OI SST data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems. Data are available
at www.remss.com. GF and MJM thank NOAA's Climate Program Office for
supporting this research. This is PMEL publication number 3198 and JISAO
publication number 1488.
NR 18
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 15
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 19
AR L19608
DI 10.1029/2008GL035238
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 362CY
UT WOS:000260177000005
ER
PT J
AU Park, S
Fitzsimmons, MR
Majkrzak, CF
Schultz, BD
Palmstrom, CJ
AF Park, S.
Fitzsimmons, M. R.
Majkrzak, C. F.
Schultz, B. D.
Palmstrom, C. J.
TI The influence of growth temperature and annealing on the magnetization
depth profiles across ferromagnetic/semiconductor interfaces
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EPITAXIAL FE FILMS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES;
MULTILAYERS; ROUGHNESS; STABILITY; GAAS(001); SYSTEMS
AB The magnetization depth profiles of three FeCo/GaAs samples grown at different temperatures and measured before and after annealing were obtained using polarized neutron reflectometry. Prior to annealing, the sample grown at 95 degrees C had the thickest magnetically degraded interfacial region between the FeCo film and the GaAs substrate. For the sample grown at -15 degrees C, the magnetic interface was sharp. For all samples, annealing promoted thicker interfacial regions with suppressed magnetization and distinct boundaries with the adjoining (FeCo or GaAs) material. Thus, the magnetic structure of the FeCo/GaAs interfacial region was very sensitive to the conditions of growth and annealing. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3000611]
C1 [Park, S.] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea.
[Park, S.; Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
[Majkrzak, C. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Schultz, B. D.; Palmstrom, C. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Nucl Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Park, S (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea.
EM psk@pusan.ac.kr
RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012
FU Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Science; Los Alamos
National Security LLC under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Science
Foundation [DMR-9809364]; [DARPA-ONR N/N00014-99-11005];
[N/N00014-01-1-0830]; [ONR N/N00014-99-1-0233]
FX This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering
Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the Department of Energy's Office
of Basic Energy Science. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated
by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No.
DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work was also partially supported by the
following Contract Nos. DARPA-ONR N/N00014-99-11005, N/N00014-01-1-0830,
and ONR N/N00014-99-1-0233 and the MRSEC program of the National Science
Foundation under Award No. DMR-9809364.
NR 26
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD OCT 15
PY 2008
VL 104
IS 8
AR 083905
DI 10.1063/1.3000611
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 367SG
UT WOS:000260572100067
ER
PT J
AU Huang, HC
Lin, JT
Tao, ZN
Choi, H
Patten, K
Kunkel, K
Xu, M
Zhu, JH
Liang, XZ
Williams, A
Caughey, M
Wuebbles, DJ
Wang, JL
AF Huang, Ho-Chun
Lin, Jintai
Tao, Zhining
Choi, Hyun
Patten, Kenneth
Kunkel, Kenneth
Xu, Min
Zhu, Jinhong
Liang, Xin-Zhong
Williams, Allen
Caughey, Michael
Wuebbles, Donald J.
Wang, Julian
TI Impacts of long-range transport of global pollutants and precursor gases
on US air quality under future climatic conditions
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL CLIMATE; BACKGROUND OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; PART
I; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; PCM
AB The U. S. air quality is impacted by emissions both within and outside the United States. The latter impact is manifested as long-range transport (LRT) of pollutants across the U. S. borders, which can be simulated by lateral boundary conditions (LBC) into a regional modeling system. This system consists of a regional air quality model (RAQM) that integrates local-regional source emissions and chemical processes with remote forcing from the LBC predicted by a nesting global chemical transport model ( model for ozone and related chemical tracers (MOZART)). The present-day simulations revealed important LRT effects, varying among the five major regions with ozone problems, i.e., northeast United States, midwest United States, Texas, California, and southeast United States. To determine the responses of the LRT impacts to projected global climate and emissions changes, the MOZART and RAQM simulations were repeated for future periods (2048-2052 and 2095-2099) under two emissions scenarios (IPCC A1Fi and B1). The future U. S. air quality projected by the MOZART is less sensitive to the emissions scenarios than that simulated by the RAQM with or without incorporating the LRT effects via the LBC from the MOZART. The result of RAQM with the LRT effects showed that the southeast United States has the largest sensitivity of surface ozone mixing ratio to the emissions changes in the 2095-2099 climate (-24% to +25%) followed by the northeast and midwest United States. The net increase due to the LRT effects in 2095-2099 ranges from +4% to +13% in daily mean surface ozone mixing ratio and +4% to +11% in mean daily maximum 8-h average ozone mixing ratios. Correspondingly, the LRT effects in 2095-2099 cause total column O-3 mixing ratio increases, ranging from +7% to +16%, and also 2 to 3 more days with the surface ozone exceeding the national standard. The results indicate that future U. S. air quality changes will be substantially affected by global emissions.
C1 [Huang, Ho-Chun; Tao, Zhining; Choi, Hyun; Kunkel, Kenneth; Xu, Min; Zhu, Jinhong; Liang, Xin-Zhong; Williams, Allen; Caughey, Michael] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Patten, Kenneth; Wuebbles, Donald J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Wang, Julian] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Huang, HC (reprint author), NOAA, SAIC, WNP2, WWB 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20745 USA.
EM jlin@atmos.uiuc.edu; ztao@uiuc.edu; hichoi@ynu.ac.kr;
patten@atmos.uiuc.edu; Kenneth.Kunkel@dri.edu; minxu@uiuc.edu;
zjh@uiuc.edu; xliang@uiuc.edu; allenwil@uiuc.edu; mcaughey@uiuc.edu;
wuebbles@atmos.uiuc.edu; Julian.Wang@noaa.gov
RI Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Tao, Zhining/E-1432-2012; Kunkel,
Kenneth/C-7280-2015
OI Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; Tao, Zhining/0000-0003-0608-712X;
Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047
FU Science Alliance [ATM010005N, ATM040000N, ATM040003N, ATM050013N]
FX Science Alliance under ATM010005N, ATM040000N, ATM040003N, and
ATM050013N that utilized the IBM pSeries 690 and Xeon Linux Cluster. The
authors acknowledge NOAA/FSL and DOE/NERSC for supercomputing support.
The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect those of the sponsoring agencies or the Illinois State Water
Survey.
NR 30
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 15
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D19
AR D19307
DI 10.1029/2007JD009469
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 362DI
UT WOS:000260178000001
ER
PT J
AU Benkoski, JJ
Bowles, SE
Jones, RL
Douglas, JF
Pyun, J
Karim, A
AF Benkoski, Jason J.
Bowles, Steven E.
Jones, Ronald L.
Douglas, Jack F.
Pyun, Jeffrey
Karim, Alamgir
TI Self-Assembly of Polymer-Coated Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles into
Mesoscopic Polymer Chains
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE colloids; conformational analysis; imaging; nanoparticles;
self-assembly; self-organization
ID COBALT NANOCRYSTALS; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; IRON FERROFLUIDS;
SUPERLATTICES; FLUIDS; MESOSTRUCTURES; COLLOIDS
AB The self-assembly of dispersed polymer-coated ferromagnetic nanoparticles into micron-sized one-dimensional mesostructures at a liquid-liquid interface was reported. When polystyrene-coated Co nanoparticles (19 nm) are driven to an oil/water interface under zero-field conditions, long (approximate to 5 mu m) chain-like assemblies spontaneously form because of dipolar associations between the ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Direct imaging of the magnetic assembly process was achieved using a recently developed platform consisting of a biphasic oil/water system in which the oil phase was flash-cured within 1 s upon ultraviolet light exposure. The nanoparticle assemblies embedded in the crosslinked phase were then imaged using atomic force microscopy. The effects of time, temperature, and colloid concentration on the self-assembly process of dipolar nanoparticles were then investigated. Variation of either assembly time t or temperature T was found to be an interchangeable effect in the 1D organization process. Because of the dependence of chain length on the assembly conditions, we observed striking similarities between 1D nanoparticle self-assembly and polymerization of small molecule monomers. This is the first in-depth study of the parameters affecting the self-assembly of dispersed, dipolar nanoparticles into extended mesostructures in the absence of a magnetic field. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2267-2277, 2008
C1 [Benkoski, Jason J.; Jones, Ronald L.; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bowles, Steven E.; Pyun, Jeffrey] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Benkoski, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jason.benkoski@jhuapl.edu; jpyun@email.arizona.edu
FU National Research Council; Information Storage Industrial Consortium
(INSIC); American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund; University
of Arizona; NIST
FX Fellowship support from National Research Council is gratefully
acknowledged. Additional support for this project was provided by the
Information Storage Industrial Consortium (INSIC), American Chemical
Society-Petroleum Research Fund, and the University of Arizona. We also
acknowledge Eric Amis from the Polymers Division at NIST for support of
the project. In addition, we thank Joe Antonucci, Steve Hudson, Chris
Stafford, and Mike Fasolka from the Polymers Division at NIST for
measurements, for providing resources, and for their helpful
discussions.
NR 38
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 24
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD OCT 15
PY 2008
VL 46
IS 20
BP 2267
EP 2277
DI 10.1002/polb.21558
PG 11
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 360QD
UT WOS:000260071500012
ER
PT J
AU Huang, XL
Zhang, JZ
AF Huang, Xiao-Lan
Zhang, Jia-Zhong
TI Rate of phosphoantimonylmolybdenum blue complex formation in acidic
persulfate digested sample matrix for total dissolved phosphorus
determination: Importance of post-digestion pH adjustment
SO TALANTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Total dissolved phosphorus; Digestion; Acidic persulfate oxidation;
Spectrophotometry; pH; Sample matrix
ID NATURAL-WATERS; PHOSPHATE; KINETICS; REEXAMINATION; PERFORMANCE;
MECHANISM; CARBON; SOILS
AB Acidic persulfate oxidation is one of the most common procedures used to digest dissolved organic phosphorus compounds in water samples for total dissolved phosphorus determination. It has been reported that the rates of phosphoantimonylmolybdenum blue complex formation were significantly reduced in the digested sample matrix. This study revealed that the intermediate products of persulfate oxidation, not the slight change in pH, cause the slowdown of color formation. This effect can be remedied by adjusting digested samples pH to a near neural to decompose the intermediate products. No disturbing effects of chlorine on the phosphoantimonylmolybdenum blue formation in seawater were observed. It is noted that the modification of mixed reagent recipe cannot provide near neutral pH for the decomposition of the intermediate products of persulfate oxidation. This study provides experimental evidence not only to support the recommendation made in APHA standard methods that the pH of the digested sample must be adjusted to within a narrow range of sample, but also to improve the understanding of role of residue from persulfate decomposition on the subsequent phosphoantimonylmolybdenum blue formation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Huang, Xiao-Lan] Univ Maine, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Huang, Xiao-Lan; Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Univ Maine, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM xiaolan.huang@noaa.gov
RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Huang, XiaoLan/G-6306-2012; Huang (黄),
Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/E-9159-2010
OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan
(晓澜)/0000-0002-3330-4858
FU NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program; Climate and Global Change Program
FX Financial support for this study was provided by NOAA's Coastal Ocean
Program and Climate and Global Change Program. This research was carried
out, in part, under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute of Marine
and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a joint institute of the University of
Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
cooperative agreement #NA67RJ0149. The statements, findings,
conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA or the U.S. Department of
Commerce.
NR 36
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-9140
J9 TALANTA
JI Talanta
PD OCT 15
PY 2008
VL 77
IS 1
BP 340
EP 345
DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.06.041
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 363TR
UT WOS:000260290200053
PM 18804643
ER
PT J
AU Baba, K
Macpherson, E
Poore, GCB
Ahyong, ST
Bermudez, A
Cabezas, P
Lin, CW
Nizinski, M
Rodrigues, C
Schnabel, KE
AF Baba, Keiji
Macpherson, Enrique
Poore, Gary C. B.
Ahyong, Shane T.
Bermudez, Adriana
Cabezas, Patricia
Lin, Chia-Wei
Nizinski, Martha
Rodrigues, Celso
Schnabel, Kareen E.
TI Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura -
families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae)
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Review
DE Crustacea; Decapoda; Anomura; Chirostylidae; Galatheidae; Kiwaidae;
checklist; taxonomy
ID GENUS MUNIDA LEACH; PHYLLADIORHYNCHUS-INTEGRIROSTRIS DANA; COMPLETE
LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; GALICIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LAURIEA-GARDINERI
LAURIE; COLD-SEEP COMMUNITIES; GENERA AGONONIDA BABA; SOUTH-WEST
PACIFIC; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; DE-SAINT-LAURENT
AB Taxonomic and ecological interest in squat lobsters has grown considerably over the last two decades. A checklist of the 870 current valid species of squat lobsters of the world (families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae) is presented. The compilation includes the complete taxonomic synonymy and geographical distribution of each species plus type information (type locality, repository and registration number). The numbers of described species in the world's major ocean basins are summarised.
C1 [Baba, Keiji] Kumamoto Univ, Fac Educ, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan.
[Macpherson, Enrique] CSIC, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Blanes, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain.
[Poore, Gary C. B.] Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.
[Ahyong, Shane T.; Schnabel, Kareen E.] NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Bermudez, Adriana] INVEMAR, Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras Jose Benito Vives, Cerro Punta Betin, Santa Marta, Colombia.
[Cabezas, Patricia] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
[Lin, Chia-Wei] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Crustacean Lab, Chilung 20224, Taiwan.
[Nizinski, Martha] Smithsonian Inst, NOAA NMFS Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Rodrigues, Celso] Museu Nacl UFRJ, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
RP Baba, K (reprint author), Kumamoto Univ, Fac Educ, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan.
EM keiji5962@ybb.ne.jp; macpherson@ceab.csic.es; gpoore@museum.vic.gov.au;
s.ahyong@niwa.co.nz; abermudezt@gmail.com; Pcabezas@mncn.csic.es;
y9300923@ms8.hinet.net; nizinski@si.edu; celsorodrigues29@hotmail.com;
k.schnabel@niwa.co.nz
RI Macpherson, Enrique/J-8982-2012
NR 679
TC 120
Z9 138
U1 0
U2 13
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD OCT 15
PY 2008
IS 1905
BP 1
EP 220
PG 220
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 359RK
UT WOS:000260005600001
ER
PT J
AU Cho, JY
Millican, JN
Capan, C
Sokolov, DA
Moldovan, M
Karki, AB
Young, DP
Aronson, MC
Chan, JY
AF Cho, Juno Young
Millican, Jasmine N.
Capan, Cigdem
Sokolov, Dmitry A.
Moldovan, Monica
Karki, Amar B.
Young, David P.
Aronson, Melgan C.
Chan, Julia Y.
TI Crystal Growth, Structure, and Physical Properties of Ln(2)MGa(12) (Ln =
La, Ce; M = Ni, Cu)
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAVY-FERMION COMPOUNDS; KONDO COMPOUND CECU5; GALLIUM;
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SYSTEMS; METALS; CROSSOVER;
CECU3AL2; GA
AB Single crystals of Ln(2)MGa(12) (Ln = La, Ce; M = Ni, Cu) have been synthesized using Ga flux and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ln(2)MGa(12) (Ln - La, Ce; M = Ni, Cu), which is isostructural to Ce2PdGa12, crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nbm (no. 125, origin choice 2) space group, with Z = 2 and lattice parameters a approximate to 6.1 angstrom and c approximate to 15.3 angstrom. Ce2NiGa12 orders antiferromagnetically at 10 K and specific heat measurements suggest it is a moderate heavy-fermion system with gamma approximate to 191 mj mol(-1) K-2. Magnetic susceptibility data show paramagnetic behavior down to 2 K for Ce2CuGa12, whereas specific heat data suggest a magnetic transition below 1.8 K, with a moderately enhanced gamma-value of 69 mj mol(-1) K-2. Metallic behavior is observed below 300 K for each compound. A large positive and nonsaturating magnetoresistance up to 216% at a field (mu H-0) of 9 T is also observed for La2NiGa12. We present the crystal structures and physical properties of the Ln(2)MGa(12) (Ln = La, Ce; M = Ni, Cu) series.
C1 [Cho, Juno Young; Millican, Jasmine N.; Chan, Julia Y.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Capan, Cigdem; Moldovan, Monica; Karki, Amar B.; Young, David P.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Millican, Jasmine N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sokolov, Dmitry A.; Aronson, Melgan C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Aronson, Melgan C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Chan, JY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM jchan@lsu.edu
RI Sokolov, D/G-7755-2011; Chan, Julia/C-5392-2008
OI Chan, Julia/0000-0003-4434-2160
FU NSF [DMR0237664)]; Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship; [DMR0449022]
FX Acknowledgment. J.Y.C. acknowledges in NSF-CAREER award (Grant
DMR0237664) and Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship For partial support of this
project. DRY. acknowledges an NSF-CAREER award (Grant DMR0449022). Work
at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Was Carried Out under the auspices
of the U S Department of Energy. We also acknowledge Dr. Frank Fronczek
and Judith K. Stalick for useful discussion. Certain trade names and
Company)I products are identified ill order to specify adequately the
experimental Procedure. In no case does Such identification imply
recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology. nor does it imply that the products are necessarily the best
for the Purpose.
NR 37
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD OCT 14
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 19
BP 6116
EP 6123
DI 10.1021/cm801693t
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 357UG
UT WOS:000259871500024
ER
PT J
AU Yan, BH
Weng, FZ
Meng, H
AF Yan, Banghua
Weng, Fuzhong
Meng, Huan
TI Retrieval of snow surface microwave emissivity from the advanced
microwave sounding unit
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; PART I; MODEL; ICE; CLOUD;
TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; APPROXIMATION
AB Satellite data assimilation in numerical weather prediction systems requires information on microwave snow surface emissivity in a wide wavelength range. However, the existing models perform poorly for stratified snow or aged snow especially at high frequencies such that they are inapplicable for various snow types. The brightness temperatures at the window channels of the advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) are characterized strongly by surface emissivity and are thus used in this study to retrieve snow surface emissivity from 23.8 to 150 GHz under both clear and cloudy conditions. This algorithm uses an iteration scheme associated with a two-stream radiative transfer model. The accuracy of the AMSU-retrieved snow emissivity using this algorithm is first assessed against a set of satellite-observed emissivity under clear skies and a set of simulated emissivity under cloudy conditions. The algorithm is then assessed by its application to seven consecutive snow events observed at Hagerstown, Maryland, in February 2003 and to a set of mountainous snowpacks observed at the Local Scale Observation Site of the Cold Land Processes Field Experiment in northern Colorado in February and March of 2002 and 2003. Results show that the AMSU-retrieved snow emissivity spectra are consistent with the snow emissivity model simulations of the snow events in both Maryland and Colorado. Furthermore, the impact of the AMSU-retrieved snow emissivity on global satellite data assimilation systems is investigated by applying the algorithm to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system. Compared to the existing analytic land emissivity model used in the GSI system, the retrieved emissivity significantly improves the use of the AMSU sounding data in the NCEP GSI system. Therefore, the AMSU-based snow emissivity retrieval algorithm has demonstrated its potential use in the global satellite data assimilation systems.
C1 [Yan, Banghua; Weng, Fuzhong] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Weng, Fuzhong; Meng, Huan] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Yan, Banghua] Perot Inc, Fairfax, VA USA.
RP Yan, BH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 703, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM banghua.yan@noaa.gov
RI Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications
FX Authors would like thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for
their very useful suggestions to make our paper better. Thanks also go
to Norman Grody and Sid-Ahmed Boukabara for useful comments and Ninghai
Sun for preprocessing AMSU data; thanks go to Michael Durand for his
help in providing CLPX information and the F90 version of the Microwave
Emission Model developed by Wiesmann and Matzler [1999]. This research
is supported by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation under a
NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications directed research fund.
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent those of NOAA.
NR 48
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 14
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D19
AR D19206
DI 10.1029/2007JD009559
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 362DG
UT WOS:000260177800001
ER
PT J
AU Spackman, JR
Schwarz, JP
Gao, RS
Watts, LA
Thomson, DS
Fahey, DW
Holloway, JS
de Gouw, JA
Trainer, M
Ryerson, TB
AF Spackman, J. R.
Schwarz, J. P.
Gao, R. S.
Watts, L. A.
Thomson, D. S.
Fahey, D. W.
Holloway, J. S.
de Gouw, J. A.
Trainer, M.
Ryerson, T. B.
TI Empirical correlations between black carbon aerosol and carbon monoxide
in the lower and middle troposphere
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS; PARTICLES
AB Single-particle measurements of black carbon (BC) aerosol and simultaneous measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) were acquired aboard the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS). Observed average BC mass loadings, estimated to account for similar to 90% of the ambient BC mass, decreased by more than 2 orders of magnitude from the polluted boundary layer to the clean middle troposphere (6 km). A strong positive, but non-linear, correlation was observed between simultaneous measurements of BC and CO. Based on an analysis of all the data below 1 km, we report a compact relationship between BC and CO with a slope of 5.8 +/- 1.0 ng BC (kg dry air)(-1) (ppb CO)(-1) that is representative of regional urban and industrial emissions from Houston and Dallas. The BC/CO emission ratio for a fresh biomass-burning plume was estimated at 9 +/- 2 ng kg(-1) ppb(-1).
C1 [Spackman, J. R.; Schwarz, J. P.; Gao, R. S.; Watts, L. A.; Thomson, D. S.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; de Gouw, J. A.; Trainer, M.; Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Spackman, J. R.; Schwarz, J. P.; Watts, L. A.; Thomson, D. S.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Spackman, JR (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ryan.spackman@noaa.gov
RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Watts,
Laurel/G-4532-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Fahey,
David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223;
Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
FU NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; Texas Commission; NASA
Radiation Sciences Program; Upper Atmosphere Research Program
FX We are grateful to A. Wollny for aerosol data used to exclude cloud
sampling and C. Brock for comments on the manuscript. This research was
supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, the NASA Radiation Sciences
Program, and the Upper Atmosphere Research Program.
NR 18
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 10
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 19
AR L19816
DI 10.1029/2008GL035237
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 359LG
UT WOS:000259987600002
ER
PT J
AU Laszlo, I
Liu, HQ
Ignatov, A
AF Laszlo, Istvan
Liu, Hongqing
Ignatov, Alexander
TI Comparison of single-channel and multichannel aerosol optical depths
derived from MAPSS data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; SOLAR SPECTRUM; OCEAN; SATELLITE; AVHRR; CERES;
SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; TERRA
AB Previous comparisons of the single-channel and multichannel aerosol products reported in the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) data sets showed systematic differences that were partly attributed to differences in sampling and cloud screening. This study concentrates on quantifying the aerosol optical depth (AOD) differences when the above differences are absent and exactly the same clear radiances are inputted to the aerosol algorithms used to generate the two products. This is accomplished by retrieving AOD with the single-channel algorithm at 22 oceanic locations from the reflectance data in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Atmosphere Parameters Subset Statistics (MAPSS) data set for the period of 2000-2007 and then by comparing them to the corresponding MODIS AOD data reported in MAPSS. Comparisons of AODs are performed for two MODIS instruments flown onboard the Terra and Aqua platforms at two wavelengths. On average, the mean differences are wavelength and platform dependent. The single-channel 644-nm AODs are larger by 0.004-0.015 (similar to 2-9%) than those from the multichannel algorithm. The mean AOD at 1632 nm from both algorithms are very similar from Terra, but the single-channel AOD from Aqua at 2119 nm is lower by 0.02 (similar to 24%). The mean absolute differences are 0.022-0.025 and do not change much with wavelength or platform. Slight dependence of the mean differences on the scattering angle is observed, which is partially explained by the differences between the retrieved aerosol model in the multichannel retrieval and the fixed aerosol model used in the single-channel algorithm.
C1 [Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Liu, Hongqing] PSGS QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Laszlo, I (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ctr Sci, E-RA2,RM7135,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM istvan.laszlo@noaa.gov
RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Liu,
Hongqing/F-5608-2010
OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Laszlo,
Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Liu, Hongqing/0000-0002-9246-5379
FU Integrated Program Office
FX We thank L. Remer, C. Ichoku, and R. Levy of NASA/GSFC for help with the
MAPSS data and with the MODIS algorithm. Helpful discussions on the
subject with members of the CERES Science Team ( PI: B. Wielicki and N.
Loeb of NASA/LaRC) are also acknowledged. Partial funding for the work
was provided by the Integrated Program Office ( S. Mango and K. St.
Germain, managers). We also appreciate the thoughtful and very thorough
reviews of two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the
paper. Although this work was internally reviewed, the views, opinions,
and findings contained in it are those of the authors and should not be
construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or
decision.
NR 30
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 10
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D19
AR D19S90
DI 10.1029/2007JD009664
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 359LN
UT WOS:000259988300004
ER
PT J
AU Liu, Q
Gu, L
Dickinson, RE
Tian, Y
Zhou, L
Post, WM
AF Liu, Q.
Gu, L.
Dickinson, R. E.
Tian, Y.
Zhou, L.
Post, W. M.
TI Assimilation of satellite reflectance data into a dynamical leaf model
to infer seasonally varying leaf areas for climate and carbon models
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; BOUND-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION;
MISR DATA; MODIS; VEGETATION; ALGORITHM; INDEX; PRODUCTS; FRACTION;
CANOPY
AB Leaf area index is an important input for many climate and carbon models. The widely used leaf area products derived from satellite-observed surface reflectances contain substantial erratic fluctuations in time due to inadequate atmospheric corrections and observational and retrieval uncertainties. These fluctuations are inconsistent with the seasonal dynamics of leaf area, known to be gradual. Their use in process-based terrestrial carbon models corrupts model behavior, making diagnosis of model performance difficult. We propose a data assimilation approach that combines the satellite observations of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) albedo with a dynamical leaf model. Its novelty is that the seasonal cycle of the directly retrieved leaf areas is smooth and consistent with both observations and current understandings of processes controlling leaf area dynamics. The approach optimizes the dynamical model parameters such that the difference between the estimated surface reflectances based on the modeled leaf area and those of satellite observations is minimized. We demonstrate the usefulness and advantage of our new approach at multiple deciduous forest sites in the United States.
C1 [Liu, Q.; Dickinson, R. E.; Zhou, L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Gu, L.; Post, W. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Tian, Y.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Liu, Q (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM q111@mail.gatech.edu
RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Zhou, Liming/A-2688-2012; Gu,
Lianhong/H-8241-2014
OI Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738
FU NSF [ATM-0720619]; DOE [DE-FG02-01ER63198]; U. S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Office of Science; Biological and Environmental
Research Program; Environmental Science Division
FX This work is funded by NSF grant ATM-0720619 and DOE grant
DE-FG02-01ER63198. L. Gu and W. M. Post are sponsored by the U. S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental
Research Program, Environmental Science Division. ORNL is managed by
UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract
DE-AC05-00OR22725. We especially thank the PIs at the Walker Branch site
and the Harvard Forest site for providing the air temperature
measurements.
NR 24
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 10
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D19
AR D19113
DI 10.1029/2007JD009645
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 359LN
UT WOS:000259988300003
ER
PT J
AU Dodge, RE
Birkeland, C
Hatziolos, M
Kleypas, J
Palumbi, SR
Hoegh-Guldberg, O
Van Woesik, R
Ogden, JC
Aronson, RB
Causey, BD
Staub, F
AF Dodge, Richard E.
Birkeland, Charles
Hatziolos, Marea
Kleypas, Joan
Palumbi, Stephen R.
Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove
Van Woesik, Rob
Ogden, John C.
Aronson, Richard B.
Causey, Billy D.
Staub, Francis
TI A call to action for coral reefs
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Dodge, Richard E.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
[Birkeland, Charles] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Hatziolos, Marea] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA.
[Kleypas, Joan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Inst Study Soc & Environm, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Palumbi, Stephen R.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Van Woesik, Rob] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Sci Biol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Ogden, John C.] Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Aronson, Richard B.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA.
[Causey, Billy D.] Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Key West, FL 33040 USA.
[Staub, Francis] Int Year Reef Coordinator, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
RP Dodge, RE (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
EM dodge@nova.edu
RI Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011
OI Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713
NR 0
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 10
PY 2008
VL 322
IS 5899
BP 189
EP 190
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 358FK
UT WOS:000259902300015
PM 18845729
ER
PT J
AU Weiss, PS
Stranick, SJ
AF Weiss, Paul S.
Stranick, Stephan J.
TI Sounds of atoms
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Weiss, Paul S.; Stranick, Stephan J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Stranick, Stephan J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Weiss, PS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM stm@psu.edu
RI Weiss, Paul/A-2575-2011
OI Weiss, Paul/0000-0001-5527-6248
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 10
PY 2008
VL 322
IS 5899
BP 190
EP 190
DI 10.1126/science.322.5899.190
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 358FK
UT WOS:000259902300016
PM 18845730
ER
PT J
AU Schipper, J
Chanson, JS
Chiozza, F
Cox, NA
Hoffmann, M
Katariya, V
Lamoreux, J
Rodrigues, ASL
Stuart, SN
Temple, HJ
Baillie, J
Boitani, L
Lacher, TE
Mittermeier, RA
Smith, AT
Absolon, D
Aguiar, JM
Amori, G
Bakkour, N
Baldi, R
Berridge, RJ
Bielby, J
Black, PA
Blanc, JJ
Brooks, TM
Burton, JA
Butynski, TM
Catullo, G
Chapman, R
Cokeliss, Z
Collen, B
Conroy, J
Cooke, JG
da Fonseca, GAB
Derocher, AE
Dublin, HT
Duckworth, JW
Emmons, L
Emslie, RH
Festa-Bianchet, M
Foster, M
Foster, S
Garshelis, DL
Gates, C
Gimenez-Dixon, M
Gonzalez, S
Gonzalez-Maya, JF
Good, TC
Hammerson, G
Hammond, PS
Happold, D
Happold, M
Hare, J
Harris, RB
Hawkins, CE
Haywood, M
Heaney, LR
Hedges, S
Helgen, KM
Hilton-Taylor, C
Hussain, SA
Ishii, N
Jefferson, TA
Jenkins, RKB
Johnston, CH
Keith, M
Kingdon, J
Knox, DH
Kovacs, KM
Langhammer, P
Leus, K
Lewison, R
Lichtenstein, G
Lowry, LF
Macavoy, Z
Mace, GM
Mallon, DP
Masi, M
McKnight, MW
Medellin, RA
Medici, P
Mills, G
Moehlman, PD
Molur, S
Mora, A
Nowell, K
Oates, JF
Olech, W
Oliver, WRL
Oprea, M
Patterson, BD
Perrin, WF
Polidoro, BA
Pollock, C
Powel, A
Protas, Y
Racey, P
Ragle, J
Ramani, P
Rathbun, G
Reeves, RR
Reilly, SB
Reynolds, JE
Rondinini, C
Rosell-Ambal, RG
Rulli, M
Rylands, AB
Savini, S
Schank, CJ
Sechrest, W
Self-Sullivan, C
Shoemaker, A
Sillero-Zubiri, C
De Silva, N
Smith, DE
Srinivasulu, C
Stephenson, PJ
van Strien, N
Talukdar, BK
Taylor, BL
Timmins, R
Tirira, DG
Tognelli, MF
Tsytsulina, K
Veiga, LM
Vie, JC
Williamson, EA
Wyatt, SA
Xie, Y
Young, BE
AF Schipper, Jan
Chanson, Janice S.
Chiozza, Federica
Cox, Neil A.
Hoffmann, Michael
Katariya, Vineet
Lamoreux, John
Rodrigues, Ana S. L.
Stuart, Simon N.
Temple, Helen J.
Baillie, Jonathan
Boitani, Luigi
Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.
Mittermeier, Russell A.
Smith, Andrew T.
Absolon, Daniel
Aguiar, John M.
Amori, Giovanni
Bakkour, Noura
Baldi, Ricardo
Berridge, Richard J.
Bielby, Jon
Black, Patricia Ann
Blanc, J. Julian
Brooks, Thomas M.
Burton, James A.
Butynski, Thomas M.
Catullo, Gianluca
Chapman, Roselle
Cokeliss, Zoe
Collen, Ben
Conroy, Jim
Cooke, Justin G.
da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.
Derocher, Andrew E.
Dublin, Holly T.
Duckworth, J. W.
Emmons, Louise
Emslie, Richard H.
Festa-Bianchet, Marco
Foster, Matt
Foster, Sabrina
Garshelis, David L.
Gates, Cormack
Gimenez-Dixon, Mariano
Gonzalez, Susana
Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando
Good, Tatjana C.
Hammerson, Geoffrey
Hammond, Philip S.
Happold, David
Happold, Meredith
Hare, John
Harris, Richard B.
Hawkins, Clare E.
Haywood, Mandy
Heaney, Lawrence R.
Hedges, Simon
Helgen, Kristofer M.
Hilton-Taylor, Craig
Hussain, Syed Ainul
Ishii, Nobuo
Jefferson, Thomas A.
Jenkins, Richard K. B.
Johnston, Charlotte H.
Keith, Mark
Kingdon, Jonathan
Knox, David H.
Kovacs, Kit M.
Langhammer, Penny
Leus, Kristin
Lewison, Rebecca
Lichtenstein, Gabriela
Lowry, Lloyd F.
Macavoy, Zoe
Mace, Georgina M.
Mallon, David P.
Masi, Monica
McKnight, Meghan W.
Medellin, Rodrigo A.
Medici, Patricia
Mills, Gus
Moehlman, Patricia D.
Molur, Sanjay
Mora, Arturo
Nowell, Kristin
Oates, John F.
Olech, Wanda
Oliver, William R. L.
Oprea, Monik
Patterson, Bruce D.
Perrin, William F.
Polidoro, Beth A.
Pollock, Caroline
Powel, Abigail
Protas, Yelizaveta
Racey, Paul
Ragle, Jim
Ramani, Pavithra
Rathbun, Galen
Reeves, Randall R.
Reilly, Stephen B.
Reynolds, John E., III
Rondinini, Carlo
Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace
Rulli, Monica
Rylands, Anthony B.
Savini, Simona
Schank, Cody J.
Sechrest, Wes
Self-Sullivan, Caryn
Shoemaker, Alan
Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio
De Silva, Naamal
Smith, David E.
Srinivasulu, Chelmala
Stephenson, Peter J.
van Strien, Nico
Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar
Taylor, Barbara L.
Timmins, Rob
Tirira, Diego G.
Tognelli, Marcelo F.
Tsytsulina, Katerina
Veiga, Liza M.
Vie, Jean-Christophe
Williamson, Elizabeth A.
Wyatt, Sarah A.
Xie, Yan
Young, Bruce E.
TI The status of the world's land and marine mammals: Diversity, threat,
and knowledge
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; EXTINCTION RISK; RANGE SIZE; RED LIST;
CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; BIRDS
AB Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.
C1 [Schipper, Jan; Chanson, Janice S.; Cox, Neil A.; Hoffmann, Michael; Katariya, Vineet; Lamoreux, John; Stuart, Simon N.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Ragle, Jim] IUCN, Species Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.
[Schipper, Jan; Chanson, Janice S.; Cox, Neil A.; Hoffmann, Michael; Stuart, Simon N.; Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Aguiar, John M.; Bakkour, Noura; Brooks, Thomas M.; Foster, Matt; Rylands, Anthony B.; De Silva, Naamal; Wyatt, Sarah A.] Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
[Chiozza, Federica; Boitani, Luigi; Rondinini, Carlo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anim & Human Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
[Lamoreux, John; Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.; Aguiar, John M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Rodrigues, Ana S. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.
[Temple, Helen J.; Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Pollock, Caroline] IUCN, Species Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England.
[Baillie, Jonathan; Bielby, Jon; Cokeliss, Zoe; Collen, Ben] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England.
[Smith, Andrew T.; Johnston, Charlotte H.; Langhammer, Penny] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Amori, Giovanni] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Studies, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
[Bakkour, Noura] Columbia Univ, Sch Int & Publ Affairs, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Baldi, Ricardo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagonico, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
[Baldi, Ricardo] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
[Berridge, Richard J.] Mantella Conservat Org, London SE16 7TS, England.
[Bielby, Jon; Macavoy, Zoe; Mace, Georgina M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
[Black, Patricia Ann] Fac Ciencias Nat, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina.
[Black, Patricia Ann] Inst Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina.
[Blanc, J. Julian] MIKE, CITES, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
[Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Philippines, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Los Banos 4031, Philippines.
[Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Burton, James A.] Earthwatch Inst Europe, Oxford OX2 7DE, England.
[Burton, James A.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Butynski, Thomas M.] Eastern Africa Primate Divers & Conservat Program, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya.
[Butynski, Thomas M.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Catullo, Gianluca; Masi, Monica; Rulli, Monica; Savini, Simona] Ist Ecol Applicata, I-00162 Rome, Italy.
[Conroy, Jim] Celt Environm Ltd, Banchory AB31 4JG, Kincardine, Scotland.
[Cooke, Justin G.] Ctr Ecosyst Management Studies, D-79297 Winden, Germany.
[da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA.
[da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
[Dublin, Holly T.] Ctr Biodivers Conservat, S African Natl Biodivers Inst, IUCN Species Survival Commiss, ZA-7735 Cape Town, South Africa.
[Duckworth, J. W.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Asia Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
[Emmons, Louise; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Oprea, Monik] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Emslie, Richard H.] African Rhino Specialist Grp, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa.
[Festa-Bianchet, Marco] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
[Foster, Sabrina; Ramani, Pavithra; Schank, Cody J.; Sechrest, Wes; Smith, David E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA.
[Gates, Cormack] Univ Calgary, Dept Environm Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Gonzalez, Susana] IIBCE, Fac Ciencias, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
[Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando] ProCAT Int, Las Alturas, Coto Brus, Costa Rica.
[Good, Tatjana C.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Hammerson, Geoffrey; Young, Bruce E.] NatureServ, Arlington, VA 22209 USA.
[Hammond, Philip S.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.
[Happold, David; Happold, Meredith] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
[Hare, John] Wild Camel Protect Fdn, Sch Farm, Benenden TN17 4EU, Kent, England.
[Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Hawkins, Clare E.] Dept Primary Ind & Water, Threatened Species Sect, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Hawkins, Clare E.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Haywood, Mandy] Univ Otago, Ctr Sci Commun, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
[Heaney, Lawrence R.; Patterson, Bruce D.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
[Hussain, Syed Ainul] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
[Ishii, Nobuo] Tokyo Womans Christian Univ, Suginami Ku, Tokyo 1678585, Japan.
[Jefferson, Thomas A.; Perrin, William F.; Reilly, Stephen B.; Taylor, Barbara L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Jenkins, Richard K. B.; Racey, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
[Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
[Keith, Mark] Univ Witwatersrand, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Kingdon, Jonathan] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.
[Knox, David H.] Conservat Int, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa.
[Kovacs, Kit M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
[Kovacs, Kit M.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway.
[Leus, Kristin] Copenhagen Zoo & Conservat Breeding Specialist Gr, Reg Off Europe, B-2170 Merksem, Belgium.
[Lewison, Rebecca] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Lichtenstein, Gabriela] Inst Nacl Antropol & Pensamiento Latinoamer, RA-1378 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Lowry, Lloyd F.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Mallon, David P.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England.
[Medellin, Rodrigo A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Medici, Patricia] Inst Pesquisas Ecol, Inst Ecol Res, Lowland Tapir Conservat Initiat, BR-12960000 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Medici, Patricia] Univ Kent, DICE, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England.
[Mills, Gus] Tony & Lisette Lewis Fdn, ZA-2196 Sandton, South Africa.
[Moehlman, Patricia D.] Wildlife Trust Alliance, Beijing 100011, Peoples R China.
[Molur, Sanjay] Zoo Outreach Org, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Molur, Sanjay] Wildlife Informat & Liaison Dev Soc, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Mora, Arturo] IUCN S Amer Reg Off, Species Unit, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.
[Nowell, Kristin] Cat Act Treasury, Cape Neddick 03902, ME USA.
[Oates, John F.] CUNY, CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY 10065 USA.
[Olech, Wanda] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, PL-02787 Warsaw, Poland.
[Oliver, William R. L.] Fauna & Flora Int, Philippine Biodivers Conservat Programme, Manila 1004, Philippines.
[Powel, Abigail] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
[Protas, Yelizaveta] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Rathbun, Galen] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, Cambria, CA 93428 USA.
[Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Assoc, Quebec City, PQ J0P 1H0, Canada.
[Reynolds, John E., III] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
[Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace] CI Philippines, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
[Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Sirenian Int, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA.
[Shoemaker, Alan] IUCN Tapir Specialist Grp, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
[Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Univ Oxford, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Dept Zool, Tubney OX13 5QL, England.
[Srinivasulu, Chelmala] Osmania Univ, Dept Zool, Univ Coll Sci, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
[Stephenson, Peter J.] WWF Int, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.
[van Strien, Nico] White Oak Conservat Ctr, Int Rhino Fdn, Yulee, FL 32097 USA.
[Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar] Aaranyak, Guwhati 781028, Assam, India.
[Tirira, Diego G.] Fdn Mamiferos & Conservac, Quito, Ecuador.
[Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Ctr Sci & Technol Mendoza, CONICET, IADIZA Argentinean Arid Res Inst, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
[Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Tsytsulina, Katerina] Russian Bat Res Grp, St Petersburg 195196, Russia.
[Veiga, Liza M.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Dept Zool, Belem, Para, Brazil.
[Williamson, Elizabeth A.] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland.
[Xie, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
RP Schipper, J (reprint author), IUCN, Species Programme, 28 Rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.
EM jan.schipper@iucn.org
RI Williamson, Liz/E-4727-2016; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Mace,
Georgina/I-3072-2016; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Keith,
Mark/A-2458-2015; Schipper, Jan/N-5266-2015; Rodrigues, Ana/A-5914-2009;
Oprea, Monik/E-6204-2010; Bielby, Jon/D-5051-2011; Collen,
Ben/D-5055-2011; Rondinini, Carlo/E-9027-2011; Veiga, Liza/C-6667-2009;
Keith, Mark/G-7234-2011; Jenkins, Richard/A-4567-2012; Hoffmann,
Michael/E-6419-2010; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/H-2605-2012;
OI Williamson, Liz/0000-0001-6848-9154; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243;
Mace, Georgina/0000-0001-8965-5211; Gonzalez-Maya, Jose
F./0000-0002-8942-5157; Brooks, Thomas/0000-0001-8159-3116; Molur,
Sanjay/0000-0001-8230-518X; Festa-Bianchet, Marco/0000-0002-2352-3379;
Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Keith, Mark/0000-0001-6690-2718;
Schipper, Jan/0000-0002-8338-7874; Rodrigues, Ana/0000-0003-4775-0127;
Hoffmann, Michael/0000-0003-4785-2254; Self-Sullivan,
Caryn/0000-0003-0785-3682; Tognelli, Marcelo/0000-0002-9761-4505;
Hawkins, Clare/0000-0002-1909-2545
NR 34
TC 547
Z9 573
U1 34
U2 398
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 10
PY 2008
VL 322
IS 5899
BP 225
EP 230
DI 10.1126/science.1165115
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 358FK
UT WOS:000259902300039
PM 18845749
ER
PT J
AU Ni, KK
Ospelkaus, S
de Miranda, MHG
Pe'er, A
Neyenhuis, B
Zirbel, JJ
Kotochigova, S
Julienne, PS
Jin, DS
Ye, J
AF Ni, K. -K.
Ospelkaus, S.
de Miranda, M. H. G.
Pe'er, A.
Neyenhuis, B.
Zirbel, J. J.
Kotochigova, S.
Julienne, P. S.
Jin, D. S.
Ye, J.
TI A high phase-space-density gas of polar molecules
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DIPOLAR GASES; STATE
AB A quantum gas of ultracold polar molecules, with long-range and anisotropic interactions, not only would enable explorations of a large class of many-body physics phenomena but also could be used for quantum information processing. We report on the creation of an ultracold dense gas of potassium-rubidium ((40)K(87)Rb) polar molecules. Using a single step of STIRAP (stimulated Raman adiabatic passage) with two-frequency laser irradiation, we coherently transfer extremely weakly bound KRb molecules to the rovibrational ground state of either the triplet or the singlet electronic ground molecular potential. The polar molecular gas has a peak density of 10(12) per cubic centimeter and an expansion-determined translational temperature of 350 nanokelvin. The polar molecules have a permanent electric dipole moment, which we measure with Stark spectroscopy to be 0.052(2) Debye (1 Debye = 3.336 x 10(-30) coulomb-meters) for the triplet rovibrational ground state and 0.566(17) Debye for the singlet rovibrational ground state.
C1 [Ni, K. -K.; Ospelkaus, S.; de Miranda, M. H. G.; Pe'er, A.; Neyenhuis, B.; Zirbel, J. J.; Jin, D. S.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ni, K. -K.; Ospelkaus, S.; de Miranda, M. H. G.; Pe'er, A.; Neyenhuis, B.; Zirbel, J. J.; Jin, D. S.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kotochigova, S.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
[Julienne, P. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jin, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
FU NSF; NIST; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; W. M. Keck
Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; CAPES/Fulbright; Office
of Naval Research
FX This work has been supported by NSF, NIST, the Air Force Office of
Scientific Research, and the W. M. Keck Foundation. We thank D. Wang for
experimental assistance, J. Bohn for discussion, and H. J. Kimble and P.
Zoller for reading the manuscript. K.-K.N. and B.N. acknowledge support
from NSF, S.O. from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, M.H.G.de.M.
from the CAPES/Fulbright, and P.S.J. from the Office of Naval Research.
NR 34
TC 996
Z9 999
U1 9
U2 102
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 10
PY 2008
VL 322
IS 5899
BP 231
EP 235
DI 10.1126/science.1163861
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 358FK
UT WOS:000259902300040
PM 18801969
ER
PT J
AU Ichino, T
Kato, S
Wren, SW
Bierbaum, VM
Lineberger, WC
AF Ichino, Takatoshi
Kato, Shuji
Wren, Scott W.
Bierbaum, Veronica M.
Lineberger, W. Carl
TI Ion chemistry of 1H-1,2,3-triazole. 2. Photoelectron spectrum of the
iminodiazomethyl anion and collision induced dissociation of the
1,2,3-triazolide ion
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO; SPECTROSCOPY;
THERMOCHEMISTRY; DIAZOMETHANES; DECOMPOSITION; DIAZIRINES; MECHANISM;
ENERGIES; DENSITY
AB The 363.8 nm photoelectron spectrum of the iminodiazomethyl anion has been measured. The anion is synthesized through the reaction of the hydroxide ion (HO-) with 1H-1,2,3-triazole in helium buffer gas in a flowing afterglow ion source. The observed spectrum exhibits well-resolved vibronic structure of the iminodiazomethyl radical. Electronic structure calculations have been performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory to study the molecular structure of the ion. Equilibrium geometries of four possible conformers of the iminodiazomethyl anion have been obtained from the calculations. Spectral simulations have been performed on the basis of the calculated geometries and normal modes of these conformationally isomeric ions and the corresponding radicals. The spectral analysis suggests that the ions of two conformations are primarily formed in the aforementioned reaction. The relative abundance of the two conformers substantially deviates from the thermal equilibrium populations, and it reflects the potential energy surfaces relevant to conformational isomerization processes. The electron affinities of the (ZE)- and (EE)-iminodiazomethyl radicals have been determined to be 2.484 +/- 0.007 and 2.460 +/- 0.007 eV, respectively. The energetics of the iminodiazomethyl anion is compared with that of the most stable structural isomer, the 1,2,3-triazolide ion. Collision-induced dissociation of the 1,2,3-triazolide ion has also been studied in flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube experiments. Facile fragmentation generating a product ion of m/z 40 has been observed. DFT calculations suggest that fragmentation of the 1,2,3-triazolide ion to the cyanomethyl anion and N-2 is exothermic. The stability of the ion is discussed in comparison with other azolide ions with different numbers of N atoms in the five-membered ring.
C1 [Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Lineberger, WC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM wcl@jila.colorado.edu
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation
FX We thank Dr. Django Andrews for useful discussions. We are pleased to
acknowledge generous support from the Air Force Office of Scientific
Research and the National Science Foundation.
NR 34
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD OCT 9
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 40
BP 9723
EP 9730
DI 10.1021/jp805023n
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 356EA
UT WOS:000259760300014
PM 18774783
ER
PT J
AU Puerta, L
Franco, HJ
Murgich, J
Gonzalez, C
Simon-Manso, Y
Mujica, V
AF Puerta, Luis
Franco, Hector J.
Murgich, Juan
Gonzalez, Carlos
Simon-Manso, Yamil
Mujica, Vladimiro
TI Dipole orientation and surface cluster size effects on
chemisorption-induced magnetism: A DFT study of the interaction of
gold-thiopolypeptide
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ORGANIZED ORGANIC
LAYERS; MOLECULES; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; BINDING; SULFUR; THIOLS
AB A nanosystem formed by a high electric dipole moment thiopolypeptide alpha-helix, consisting of eight L-glycine units, chemisorbed on the (111) surface of Au-23 and Au-55 clusters, with the S as the linking atom, was studied using the wave function broken symmetry UDFT method. We have found a strong correlation between the orientation of the electric dipole of the alpha-helix and charge transfer and the magnetic behavior of the adsorbate-cluster system. Upon chemisorption, dipole moments may be quenched or enhanced, with respect to the gas phase value, with the strongest reduction corresponding to the magnetic state. A reduction of the alpha-helix's electric dipole with the net charge transfer from the Au surface was obtained for the more stable state. In this state description, it may happen that the calculated spin densities of the chemisorbed alpha-helix and its free radical form are similar. The magnetic properties are strongly dependent on the size of the Au cluster and on its electronic structure with respect to nuclei positions. In general, the localized spin density per atom increases and the magnetization of the extended system decreases with cluster size, a trend found experimentally for organic monolayers with a similar type of adsorbate we consider here.
C1 [Puerta, Luis] Univ Carabobo, FACYT, Dept Quim, Valencia, Edo Carabobo, Venezuela.
[Franco, Hector J.; Mujica, Vladimiro] Cent Univ Venezuela, Escuela Quim, Caracas 1041A, Venezuela.
[Murgich, Juan] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
[Gonzalez, Carlos; Simon-Manso, Yamil] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mujica, Vladimiro] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Mujica, Vladimiro] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Puerta, L (reprint author), Univ Carabobo, FACYT, Dept Quim, Apartado 2005, Valencia, Edo Carabobo, Venezuela.
EM lpuerta@uc.edu.ve; vmujica@chem.northwestern.edu
FU OPSU, Alma Mater Project, Venezuela
FX This work has been supported partially by OPSU, Alma Mater Project,
Venezuela. Also, the authors thank Dr. B. Gomez for supplying his
Fortran77 code that allowed performing the (S)DOS calculations presented
in this work.
NR 40
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD OCT 9
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 40
BP 9771
EP 9783
DI 10.1021/jp710748h
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 356EA
UT WOS:000259760300021
PM 18788718
ER
PT J
AU Madsen, EL
Frank, GR
Hobson, MA
Lin-Gibson, S
Hall, TJ
Jiang, J
Stiles, TA
AF Madsen, E. L.
Frank, G. R.
Hobson, M. A.
Lin-Gibson, S.
Hall, T. J.
Jiang, J.
Stiles, T. A.
TI Instrument for determining the complex shear modulus of soft-tissue-like
materials from 10 to 300 Hz
SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; BIOLOGICAL
TISSUES; VISUALIZATION; ELASTICITY; DISPERSION; CANCER
AB Accurate determination of the complex shear modulus of soft tissues and soft-tissue-like materials in the 10-300 Hz frequency range is very important to researchers in MR elastography and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging. A variety of instruments for making such measurements has been reported, but none of them is easily reproduced, and none have been tested to conform to causality via the Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations. A promising linear oscillation instrument described in a previous brief report operates between 20 and 160 Hz, but results were not tested for conformity to the K-K relations. We have produced a similar instrument with our own version of the electronic components and have also accounted for instrumental effects on the data reduction, which is not addressed in the previous report. The improved instrument has been shown to conform to an accurate approximation of the K-K relations over the 10-300 Hz range. The K-K approximation is based on the Weichert mechanical circuit model. We also found that the sample thickness must be small enough to obtain agreement with a calibrated commercial rheometer. A complete description of the improved instrument is given, facilitating replication in other labs.
C1 [Madsen, E. L.; Frank, G. R.; Hobson, M. A.; Hall, T. J.; Jiang, J.; Stiles, T. A.] Inst Med Res, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
[Lin-Gibson, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Madsen, EL (reprint author), Inst Med Res, Dept Med Phys, 1005 Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
EM elmadsen@wisc.edu
OI Hall, Timothy/0000-0001-9850-6031
FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA100373-01A1, R01 CA100373-03, T32 CA009206-21, T32
CA009206-24, T32 CA009206-27, T32 CA009206-30, T32CA09206, R01
CA100373-02, R01 CA100373, R01 CA100373-05, T32 CA009206-20, T32
CA009206-23, T32 CA009206-26, T32 CA009206-29, T32 CA009206-28, T32
CA009206-25, T32 CA009206-22, T32 CA009206, R01CA100373, R01
CA100373-04]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000459-01, R01EB000459, R01 EB000459,
R01 EB000459-02, R01 EB000459-03]
NR 28
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0031-9155
J9 PHYS MED BIOL
JI Phys. Med. Biol.
PD OCT 7
PY 2008
VL 53
IS 19
BP 5313
EP 5342
DI 10.1088/0031-9155/53/19/004
PG 30
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 347BZ
UT WOS:000259116100005
PM 18758002
ER
PT J
AU Cao, H
Bai, FM
Li, JF
Viehland, DD
Lograsso, TA
Gehring, PM
AF Cao, Hu
Bai, Feiming
Li, Jiefang
Viehland, Dwight D.
Lograsso, Thomas A.
Gehring, Peter M.
TI Structural studies of decomposition in Fe-x at.%Ga alloys
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Galfenol; Decomposition; X-ray diffraction; Neutron diffraction
ID MAGNETOSTRICTION CONSTANTS
AB ecomposition in Fe-x at.%Ga alloys subjected to different thermal treatments has been investigated by high-resolution X-ray and neutron diffraction for 12 < x < 25. Quenching suppresses the formation of a D0(3) structure in favor of a high-temperature disordered bcc (A2) structure. By contrast, annealing produces a two-phase mixture of A2 + D0(3) for 14 < x < 20 and a fully D0(3) phase for x = 25. Temperature dependent studies revealed that phase separation occurs below 650 degrees C on cooling for x = 20, where a notable radial line broadening develops. The splitting of the (2 0 0) and (0 0 2) Bragg peaks observed along the respective transverse directions indicates that the samples are composed of multiple crystal grains, slightly tilted with respect to each other. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cao, Hu; Bai, Feiming; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, Dwight D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Lograsso, Thomas A.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA.
[Gehring, Peter M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cao, H (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 213 Holden Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM hcao@vt.edu
RI Bai, Feiming/K-5762-2013;
OI Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046
FU Office of Naval Research [MURI N00014-06-1-0530, N0001406-1-0204]; U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research
under Grant MURI N00014-06-1-0530, and N0001406-1-0204. One of the
authors (TAL) acknowledges the support of the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy
under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358.
NR 10
TC 24
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD OCT 6
PY 2008
VL 465
IS 1-2
BP 244
EP 249
DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.10.080
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 359IN
UT WOS:000259980000044
ER
PT J
AU Godowitch, JM
Hogrefe, C
Rao, ST
AF Godowitch, J. M.
Hogrefe, C.
Rao, S. T.
TI Diagnostic analyses of a regional air quality model: Changes in modeled
processes affecting ozone and chemical-transport indicators from NOx
point source emission reductions
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-OXIDES EMISSIONS; PART I; SYSTEM;
PREDICTIONS; CMAQ
AB The impact of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission reductions from major point sources on the key physical and chemical processes contributing to ozone formation and accumulation is studied, and the extent of change in the chemical regime is examined using selected photochemical indicators in the eastern United States. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) chemical-transport model, equipped with the process analysis technique, was applied in modeling scenarios involving 2002 base case emissions and an emissions scenario containing real-world point source NOx reductions implemented before the summer ozone season of 2004. Spatial patterns and temporal variations in process rates and changes in chemical-transport indicators are highlighted from results of summer 2002 days, representative of generally southwesterly wind flows across the Midwestern source region with ozone transport toward the northeastern states. Substantial decreases exceeding 50% in O-3 chemical production rates were associated with the largest NOx point source emission reductions, causing declines in ozone concentrations at the surface and aloft in downwind areas. The decreases in the various physical processes and their spatial difference patterns closely resembled the change in maximum O-3 concentrations. The net ozone production efficiency was found to increase, since the decline in O-3 concentrations was less than the decrease in reactive nitrogen products (NOz). The O-3/NOx ratio also increased between the base case and NOx reduction scenario results, indicating a noticeable shift in the chemical regime toward more NOx-limited conditions in plume-impacted areas downwind of the sources. The drop in surface NOx concentrations in modeled and observed results at a location just downwind of the Ohio River Valley source region is attributable to the point source NOx emission reductions.
C1 [Hogrefe, C.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
[Godowitch, J. M.; Rao, S. T.] Natl Ocean & Atomspher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Godowitch, JM (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy E243 01, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM godowitch.james@epa.gov; chogrefe@dec.state.ny.us; Rao.ST@epa.gov
FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
FX Thanks are extended to J. William Munger (Harvard University) for
permission to report results of the Harvard Forest site data and to
James Schwab (SUNY-Albany) for approval to use the Pinnacle State Park
measurements in our analyses. One of the authors (Christian Hogrefe)
gratefully acknowledges support for this work through a research
fellowship from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
(ORISE). The research presented here was performed under the Memorandum
of Understanding between the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
and the U. S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and under agreement DW13921548. This work
constitutes a contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program. The research
was performed in partnership with the National Exposure Research
Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U. S. EPA, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Although it has been reviewed by EPA
and NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect
their policies or views.
NR 26
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD OCT 4
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D19
AR D19303
DI 10.1029/2007JD009537
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 356UV
UT WOS:000259804000001
ER
PT J
AU Jakupciak, JP
Maragh, S
Markowitz, ME
Greenberg, AK
Hoque, MO
Maitra, A
Barker, PE
Wagner, PD
Rom, WN
Srivastava, S
Sidransky, D
O'Connell, CD
AF Jakupciak, John P.
Maragh, Samantha
Markowitz, Maura E.
Greenberg, Alissa K.
Hoque, Mohammad O.
Maitra, Anirban
Barker, Peter E.
Wagner, Paul D.
Rom, William N.
Srivastava, Sudhir
Sidransky, David
O'Connell, Catherine D.
TI Performance of mitochondrial DNA mutations detecting early stage cancer
SO BMC CANCER
LA English
DT Article
ID NIPPLE ASPIRATE FLUID; PROSTATE-CANCER; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA;
MONONUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; PRIMARY TUMORS; BREAST-CANCER; GENOME; MTDNA;
REARRANGEMENTS; MARKERS
AB Background: Mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) have been associated with cancer and many other disorders. These mutations can be point mutations or deletions, or admixtures (heteroplasmy). The detection of mtDNA mutations in body fluids using resequencing microarrays, which are more sensitive than other sequencing methods, could provide a strategy to measure mutation loads in remote anatomical sites.
Methods: We determined the mtDNA mutation load in the entire mitochondrial genome of 26 individuals with different early stage cancers (lung, bladder, kidney) and 12 heavy smokers without cancer. MtDNA was sequenced from three matched specimens (blood, tumor and body fluid) from each cancer patient and two matched specimens (blood and sputum) from smokers without cancer. The inherited wildtype sequence in the blood was compared to the sequences present in the tumor and body fluid, detected using the Affymetrix Genechip (R) Human Mitochondrial Resequencing Array 1.0 and supplemented by capillary sequencing for noncoding region.
Results: Using this high-throughput method, 75% of the tumors were found to contain mtDNA mutations, higher than in our previous studies, and 36% of the body fluids from these cancer patients contained mtDNA mutations. Most of the mutations detected were heteroplasmic. A statistically significantly higher heteroplasmy rate occurred in tumor specimens when compared to both body fluid of cancer patients and sputum of controls, and in patient blood compared to blood of controls. Only 2 of the 12 sputum specimens from heavy smokers without cancer (17%) contained mtDNA mutations. Although patient mutations were spread throughout the mtDNA genome in the lung, bladder and kidney series, a statistically significant elevation of tRNA and ND complex mutations was detected in tumors.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate comprehensive mtDNA resequencing can be a high-throughput tool for detecting mutations in clinical samples with potential applications for cancer detection, but it is unclear the biological relevance of these detected mitochondrial mutations. Whether the detection of tumor-specific mtDNA mutations in body fluidsy this method will be useful for diagnosis and monitoring applications requires further investigation.
C1 [Jakupciak, John P.; Maragh, Samantha; Barker, Peter E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Markowitz, Maura E.] Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA USA.
[Hoque, Mohammad O.; Maitra, Anirban; Sidransky, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
[Wagner, Paul D.; Srivastava, Sudhir] NCI, Canc Biomarkers Res Grp, Rockville, MD USA.
[Greenberg, Alissa K.; Rom, William N.] NYU, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, New York, NY USA.
[O'Connell, Catherine D.] Tetracore Inc, Rockville, MD USA.
RP Maragh, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM johnjakupciak@verizon.net; samantha.maragh@nist.gov; mauraeve@yahoo.com;
alissa.greenberg@med.nyu.edu; mhoque1@jhmi.edu; amaitra1@jhmi.edu;
peter.barker@nist.gov; wagnerp@mail.nih.gov; william.rom@med.nyu.edu;
srivasts@mail.nih.gov; dsidrans@jhmi.edu; coconnell@tetracore.com
FU NCI-EDRN [Y1CN2020, Y1CN5001-01, UO1 CA86137]
FX This study was funded by the NCI-EDRN interagency agreements Y1CN2020,
Y1CN5001-01 and UO1 CA86137. This study was a collaborative effort
between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and
the National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network (EDRN).
NR 60
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 3
U2 6
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2407
J9 BMC CANCER
JI BMC Cancer
PD OCT 3
PY 2008
VL 8
AR 285
DI 10.1186/1471-2407-8-285
PG 11
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 368OC
UT WOS:000260630500003
PM 18834532
ER
PT J
AU Ainsworth, TD
Hoegh-Guldberg, O
Heron, SF
Skirving, WJ
Leggat, W
AF Ainsworth, T. D.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O.
Heron, S. F.
Skirving, W. J.
Leggat, W.
TI Early cellular changes are indicators of pre-bleaching thermal stress in
the coral host
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Coral bleaching; Cell biology; Stress response
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HEAT-STRESS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II;
ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS;
TEMPERATURE STRESS; BUILDING CORALS; APOPTOSIS
AB Thermal stress causes the coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis to disassociate and the coral tissues to whiten. The onset and occurrence of this coral bleaching is primarily defined via the dinoflagellate responses. Here we demonstrate that thermal stress responses occur in the coral host tissues in the days before the onset of coral bleaching. The observed sequence of thermal responses includes reductions in thickness of coral tissue layers and apoptosis of the cells prior to reductions in symbiont density. In the days before the onset of coral bleaching the outer coral tissue layer (epithelium) thickness reduces and apoptosis occurs within the gastrodermis. Two days following this, coinciding with an initial reduction of symbiont density (by approximately 25%), gastrodermal thickness decreased and apoptosis of host cells was identified in the epithelium. This was eventually followed by large reduction in symbiont density (by approximately 50%) consistent with coral bleaching. Both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes are identified in the reef building coral Acropora aspera, demonstrating the necessary pathways are present for fine control of host apoptosis. Our study shows that defining periods of host stress based on the responses defined by dinoflagellate symbiont underestimates the importance of early cellular events and the cellular complexity of coral host. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ainsworth, T. D.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Leggat, W.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Ainsworth, T. D.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Leggat, W.] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reefs Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Heron, S. F.; Skirving, W. J.] NOAA, NESDIS Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Leggat, W.] James Cook Univ, Sch Pharm & Mol Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Leggat, W.] James Cook Univ, Comparat Genom Ctr, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
RP Ainsworth, TD (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
EM tracy.ainsworth@jcu.edu.au
RI Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Leggat,
William/C-4532-2012; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011; Ainsworth,
Tracy/L-7309-2016;
OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Hoegh-Guldberg,
Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713; Ainsworth, Tracy/0000-0001-6476-9263; Leggat,
William/0000-0003-4148-2555
FU The GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research Program
FX The authors would like to thank Dr Sophie Dove, Dr Oren Levy and Ms
Rachael Middlebrook for assistance during sample collection at Heron
Island Research Station. We also thank the staff of Heron Island
Research Station and Mr David Harris for assistance with the
experimental set up, design and sample collection. The authors also
thank Ms Dorothea Burgess for conceptual and logistical support. We also
thank the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies
(http://www.coralcoe.org.au/) and The GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research
Program (http://www.gefcoral.org) for financial support of this research
project. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors
and does not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on
behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. [SS]
NR 60
TC 51
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD OCT 3
PY 2008
VL 364
IS 2
BP 63
EP 71
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.06.032
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 364UM
UT WOS:000260360900001
ER
PT J
AU Ruff, JPC
Clancy, JP
Bourque, A
White, MA
Ramazanoglu, M
Gardner, JS
Qiu, Y
Copley, JRD
Johnson, MB
Dabkowska, HA
Gaulin, BD
AF Ruff, J. P. C.
Clancy, J. P.
Bourque, A.
White, M. A.
Ramazanoglu, M.
Gardner, J. S.
Qiu, Y.
Copley, J. R. D.
Johnson, M. B.
Dabkowska, H. A.
Gaulin, B. D.
TI Spin waves and quantum criticality in the frustrated XY pyrochlore
antiferromagnet Er2Ti2O7
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ORDER; DISORDER; MAGNET; OXIDES; ICE
AB We report detailed measurements of the low temperature magnetic phase diagram of Er2Ti2O7. Heat capacity and time- of- flight neutron scattering studies of single crystals reveal unconventional low- energy states. Er3+ magnetic ions reside on a pyrochlore lattice in Er2Ti2O7, where local XY anisotropy and antiferromagnetic interactions give rise to a unique frustrated system. In zero field, the ground state exhibits coexisting short and long- range order, accompanied by soft collective spin excitations previously believed to be absent. The application of finite magnetic fields tunes the ground state continuously through a landscape of noncollinear phases, divided by a zero temperature phase transition at mu(0)Hc similar to 1.5 T. The characteristic energy scale for spin fluctuations is seen to vanish at the critical point, as expected for a second order quantum phase transition driven by quantum fluctuations.
C1 [Ruff, J. P. C.; Clancy, J. P.; Ramazanoglu, M.; Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
[Bourque, A.; White, M. A.; Johnson, M. B.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Inst Mat Res, Halifax, NS B3H 4J3, Canada.
[Gardner, J. S.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
RP Ruff, JPC (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; White, Mary Anne/B-6479-2009; Gardner,
Jason/A-1532-2013
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Canadian Foundation for
Innovation; Atlantic Innovation Fund; NSERC of Canada
FX We thank M. J. P Gingras, A. G. del Maestro, and K. A Ross for useful
discussions. We acknowledge the technical assistance of E. Fitzgerald,
and the use of the DAVE software package for elements of the data
reduction and analysis [19]. Facilities used are supported by the
National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0454672, the
Canadian Foundation for Innovation, and the Atlantic Innovation Fund.
This work was supported by NSERC of Canada.
NR 18
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 5
U2 23
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD OCT 3
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 14
AR 147205
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.147205
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 356QX
UT WOS:000259793800063
PM 18851568
ER
PT J
AU McCollough, JP
Gannon, JL
Baker, DN
Gehmeyr, M
AF McCollough, J. P.
Gannon, J. L.
Baker, D. N.
Gehmeyr, M.
TI A statistical comparison of commonly used external magnetic field models
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; STORM;
DISTORTION; BELT
AB [1] Accurate geomagnetic field models are crucial to the study of radiation belt phenomena. We quantitatively examine the accuracy of several external models widely in use via the Office National d'Etudes et de Recherche Aerospatiales-Departement Environnement Spatial (ONERA-DESP) libraries. We study 2 years characterized by very different space weather conditions, 1996 and 2003. The year 1996, at solar minimum, exhibited many high-speed streams and a few corotating interaction regions but was generally quiet. In contrast, 2003 included the Halloween storm, one of the most intense geomagnetic storms on record caused by a coronal mass ejection. The performance of each model, as measured by prediction efficiency and skill score, is evaluated as a function of magnetospheric conditions (reflected by the geomagnetic index Kp) and magnetic local time (MLT). Not surprisingly, the newer models tend to perform better and interesting comparisons arise between the performances of the models during different periods of the solar cycle and across different Kp and MLT values. For Kp < 4, most models show similar performance, but for higher values, there are large differences between newer and older model performance. As a function of MLT, noticeable dips in the performance of older models are observed near dawn. These dips are suspected to be effects of field-aligned and partial ring currents that are not fully incorporated into the models, but their exact nature is unknown.
C1 [McCollough, J. P.; Baker, D. N.; Gehmeyr, M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Gannon, J. L.; Gehmeyr, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Gannon, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP McCollough, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovation Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM james.mccollough@colorado.edu
RI McCollough, James/A-2489-2016
OI McCollough, James/0000-0003-3615-8857
FU NASA [NNG04GN11G, NNG05GK04G]
FX The authors would like to thank T. P. O'Brien, S. Elkington, S.
Bourdarie, X. Li, J. C. Green, D. Turner, E. J. Rigler, T. Onsager, and
H. Singer for helpful discussions and insightful comments. This research
was undertaken with the support of NASA grants NNG04GN11G and
NNG05GK04G.
NR 35
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD OCT 3
PY 2008
VL 6
IS 10
AR S10001
DI 10.1029/2008SW000391
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA 356VV
UT WOS:000259806600001
ER
PT J
AU Chronis, TG
Goodman, SJ
Cecil, D
Buechler, D
Robertson, FJ
Pittman, J
Blakeslee, RJ
AF Chronis, T. G.
Goodman, S. J.
Cecil, D.
Buechler, D.
Robertson, F. J.
Pittman, J.
Blakeslee, R. J.
TI Global lightning activity from the ENSO perspective
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; 1997-98 EL-NINO; OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR;
EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; EVOLUTION;
RAINFALL; EVENT
AB The recently reprocessed (1998-2006) OTD/LIS space-based lightning database is used to investigate the global lightning climatology in response to the ENSO cycle. Temporal correlation maps depicting lightning anomalies-NINO3.4 identify areas that generally follow patterns similar to the widely documented ENSO-related precipitation anomalies. However, areas having statistically significant lightning anomaly-NINO3.4 correlations accompanied by non-significant precipitation anomaly-NINO3.4 correlations are found over the mid-latitudes in both hemispheres. Analysis shows that these areas are related to upper level circulation anomalies (enhanced wind shear) induced by the corresponding ENSO phase. A special case is observed over the western Maritime continent where typical drought conditions during the warm ENSO phase are related to enhanced lightning activity. Further attention is given toward identifying areas over which consistent thunderstorm activity is observed during the two major warm and cold ENSO phases of the past decade. Their spatial distribution shows strong regional preference and in general agrees with the already established ENSO-related precipitation regimes.
C1 [Chronis, T. G.] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Anavissos 19013, Greece.
[Buechler, D.; Robertson, F. J.; Pittman, J.; Blakeslee, R. J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Cecil, D.] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Goodman, S. J.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Chronis, TG (reprint author), Hellen Ctr Marine Res, POB 712, Anavissos 19013, Greece.
EM themis@hcmr.gr; steve.goodman@noaa.gov; cecild@uah.edu;
dennis.buechler@msfc.nasa.gov; pete.robertson@nasa.gov;
jasna.pittman@nasa.gov; rich.blakeslee@nasa.gov
FU GOES-R Program Office
FX The TRMM scientific team provided the OTD/LIS dataset. This can be
downloaded at http://thunder.nsstc.nasa.gov/data/. We thank the NASA
Post Doctoral Program and Ramesh Kakar of NASA Headquarters for their
support of this research. The first author also acknowledges the
contribution of the Oak Ridge Associated Universities. Finally we thank
the GOES-R Program Office for the funding it provided in support of GLM
risk reduction science. The views, opinions, and findings contained
herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as an
official NASA, NOAA, or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 24
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 2
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 19
AR L19804
DI 10.1029/2008GL034321
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 356UM
UT WOS:000259803100001
ER
PT J
AU Stark, H
Brown, SS
Burkholder, JB
Aldener, M
Riffault, V
Gierczak, T
Ravishankara, AR
AF Stark, Harald
Brown, Steven S.
Burkholder, James B.
Aldener, Mattias
Riffault, Veronique
Gierczak, Tomasz
Ravishankara, A. R.
TI Overtone dissociation of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2): Absorption cross
sections and photolysis products
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID AB-INITIO; BAND INTENSITIES; PERNITRIC ACID; NEAR-IR; OH; H2O2;
PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TROPOSPHERE; EXCITATION
AB Band strengths for the second (3V(OH)) and third (4V(OH)) overtones of the OH stretch vibration of peroxynitric acid, HO2NO2 (PNA) in the gas-phase were measured using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS). Both OH overtone transitions show diffuse smoothly varying symmetrical absorption profiles without observable rotational structure. Integrated band strengths (base e) at 296 K were determined to be S-3vOH = (5.7 +/- 1.1) X 10(-20) and S-4vOH = (4.9 +/- 0.9) x 10(-21) cm(2) molecule(-1) cm(-1) with peak cross sections of (8.8 +/- 1.7) x 10(-22) and (7.0 +/- 1.3) x 10(-23) cm(2) molecule(-1) at 10086.0 +/- 0.2 cm(-1) and 13095.8 +/- 0.4 cm(-1), respectively, using PNA concentrations measured on line by Fourier-transform infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma (95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors in the measurements. OH overtone spectra measured at lower temperature, 231 K, showed a narrowing of the 3,,OH band along with an increase in its peak absorption cross section, but no change in S-3vOH to within the precision of the measurement (+/- 9%). Measurement of a PNA action spectrum showed that HO2 is produced from second overtone photodissociation. The action spectrum agreed with the CRDS absorption spectra. The PNA cross sections determined in this work for 3V(OH) and 4V(OH) Will increase calculated atmospheric photolysis rates of PNA slightly.
C1 [Stark, Harald; Brown, Steven S.; Burkholder, James B.; Aldener, Mattias; Riffault, Veronique; Gierczak, Tomasz; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Stark, Harald; Aldener, Mattias] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Riffault, Veronique] Ecole Mines, Dept Chim & Environm, F-59508 Douai, France.
[Gierczak, Tomasz] Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland.
[Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Stark, H (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM harald.stark@noaa.gov
RI Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; RIFFAULT, Veronique/A-2921-2012; Burkholder,
James/H-4914-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara,
Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI RIFFAULT, Veronique/0000-0001-5572-0871;
FU NOAA's Climate Goal
FX Acknowledgment. We are grateful to Steve Leone for his interest in and
support of our work in atmospheric chemistry and for being a wonderful
scientific colleague. A.R.R. is especially grateful for his friendship
and long scientific association. This work was funded in part by NOAA's
Climate Goal.
NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD OCT 2
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 39
BP 9296
EP 9303
DI 10.1021/jp802259z
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 353FP
UT WOS:000259551800016
PM 18729435
ER
PT J
AU Perkins, BG
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Perkins, Bradford G., Jr.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Correlated angular and quantum state-resolved CO2 scattering dynamics at
the gas-liquid interface
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY-TRANSFER; MOLECULAR-BEAM
SCATTERING; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SULFURIC-ACID; HYDROCARBON SURFACE;
CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; CROSS-SECTIONS; APROTIC GASES; COLLISIONS
AB Molecular beam scattering dynamics at the gas-liquid interface are investigated for CO2 (E-inc = 10.6(8) kcal/mol) impinging on liquid perfluoropolyether (PFPE), with quantum state (v, J) populations measured as a function of incident (theta(inc)) and final (theta(scat)) scattering angles. The internal state distributions are well-characterized for both normal and grazing incident angles by a two-component Boltzmann model for trapping desorption (TD) and impulsive scattering (IS) at rotational temperatures T-rot(TD/IS), where the fractional TD probability for CO,) on the perfluorinated surface is denoted by TD and IS densities (p) as (X = rho(TD)/(rho(TD) + rho(IS)). On the basis of an assumed cos(theta(scat)) scattering behavior for the TD flux component, the angular dependence of the IS flux at normal incidence (theta(inc) = 0 degrees) is surprisingly well-modeled by a simple cos(n)(theta(scat)) distribution with n = 1.0 +/- 0.2, while glancing incident angles (theta(inc) = 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees) result in lobular angular IS distributions scattered preferentially in the forward direction. This trend is also corroborated in the TD fraction a, which decreases rapidly under non-normal incident conditions as a function of backward versus forward scattering direction. Furthermore, the extent of rotational excitation in the IS channel increases dramatically with increasing angle of incidence, consistent with an increasing rotational torque due to surface roughness at the gas-liquid interface.
C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@jila.colorado.edu
NR 71
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD OCT 2
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 39
BP 9324
EP 9335
DI 10.1021/jp8022887
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 353FP
UT WOS:000259551800020
PM 18767785
ER
PT J
AU Thomann, I
Lock, R
Sharma, V
Gagnon, E
Pratt, ST
Kapteyn, HC
Murnane, MM
Li, W
AF Thomann, Isabell
Lock, Robynne
Sharma, Vandana
Gagnon, Etienne
Pratt, Stephen T.
Kapteyn, Henry C.
Murnane, Margaret M.
Li, Wen
TI Direct measurement of the angular dependence of the single-photon
ionization of aligned N-2 and CO2
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DISTRIBUTIONS; MOLECULES; NO;
PHOTOIONIZATION; ALIGNMENT; DYNAMICS; VALENCE; PULSES; FIELD
AB By combining a state-of-the-art high-harmonic ultrafast soft X-ray source with field-free dynamic alignment, we map the angular dependence of molecular photoionization yields for the first time for a nondissociative molecule. The observed modulation in ion yield as a function of molecular alignment is attributed to the molecular frame transition dipole moment of single-photon ionization to the X. A and B states of N-2(+) and CO2+. Our data show that the transition dipoles for single-photon ionization of N-2 and CO2 at 43 eV have larger perpendicular components than parallel ones. A direct comparison with published theoretical partial wave ionization cross-sections confirms these experimental observations, which are the first results to allow such comparison with theory for bound cation states. The results provide the first step toward a novel method for measuring molecular frame transition dipole matrix elements.
C1 [Thomann, Isabell; Lock, Robynne; Sharma, Vandana; Gagnon, Etienne; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Li, Wen] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Thomann, Isabell; Lock, Robynne; Sharma, Vandana; Gagnon, Etienne; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Li, Wen] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Thomann, Isabell; Lock, Robynne; Sharma, Vandana; Gagnon, Etienne; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Li, Wen] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Pratt, Stephen T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM wli@jila.colorado.edu
RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Thomann, Isabell/F-1245-2014;
OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Thomann, Isabell/0000-0002-4722-5632
FU National Science Foundation; Department of Energy; Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We thank A. Sandhu and C. La-o-vorakiat for their assistance on the
experiment. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the
National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy. S.T.P. was
supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences
Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 31
TC 61
Z9 61
U1 3
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD OCT 2
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 39
BP 9382
EP 9386
DI 10.1021/jp8023414
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 353FP
UT WOS:000259551800027
PM 18693716
ER
PT J
AU Kato, S
Ellison, GB
Bierbaum, VM
Blanksby, SJ
AF Kato, Shuji
Ellison, G. Barney
Bierbaum, Veronica M.
Blanksby, Stephen J.
TI Base-induced decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides in the gas phase.
Part 3. Kinetics and dynamics in HO-+CH3OOH, C2H5OOH, and tert-C4H9OOH
reactions
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID S(N)2 NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; ELIMINATION-REACTIONS; REACTION-PATH;
ORGANIC RADICALS; NEGATIVE-ION; E2 REACTIONS; HYDROXIDE; DENSITY;
THERMOCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE
AB The E-CO(2) elimination reactions of alkyl hydroperoxides proceed via abstraction of an (x-hydrogen by a base: X- + (RRHCOOH)-R-1-H-2 -> HX + (RRC)-R-1-C-2=O + HO-. Efficiencies and product distributions for the reactions of the hydroxide anion with methyl, ethyl, and tert-butyl hydroperoxides are studied in the gas phase. On the basis of experiments using three isotopic analogues, HO- + CH3OOH, HO- + CD3OOH, and H18O- + CH3OOH. the overall intrinsic reaction efficiency is determined to be 80% or greater. The E(CO)2 decomposition is facile for these methylperoxide reactions, and predominates over competing proton transfer at the hydroperoxide moiety. The CH3CH2OOH reaction displays a similar E(CO)2 reactivity, whereas proton transfer and the formation of HOO- are the exclusive pathways observed for (CH3)(3)COOH, which has no (x-hydrogen. All results are consistent with the E-CO(2) mechanism, transition state structure, and reaction energy diagrams calculated using the hybrid density functional B3LYP approach. Isotope labeling for HO- + CH3OOH also reveals some interaction between H2O and HO- within the E(CO)2 product complex [H2O center dot center dot center dot CH2=O center dot center dot center dot HO-]. There is little evidence, however. for the formation of the most exothermic products H2O + CH2(OH)O-, which would arise from nuclephilic condensation of CH2=O and HO-. The results suggest that the product dynamics are not totally statistical but are rather direct after the E-CO(2) transition state. The larger HO- + CH3CH2OOH system displays more statistical behavior during complex dissociation.
C1 [Kato, Shuji; Ellison, G. Barney; Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kato, Shuji; Ellison, G. Barney; Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kato, Shuji; Ellison, G. Barney; Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Blanksby, Stephen J.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
RP Kato, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Shuji.Kato@colorado.edu; blanksby@uow.edu.au
RI Blanksby, Stephen/C-8388-2013
OI Blanksby, Stephen/0000-0002-8560-756X
FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0647088, CHE-9813659]; Australian
Research Council [DP0452849]; United States Department of Energy
[DE-FG02-87ER13695]; Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing (ANU,
Canberra)
FX S.K. and V.M.B. were supported by the National Science Foundation
(CHE-0647088), S.J.B. was supported by the Australian Research Council
(DP0452849), and G.B.E. was supported by the United States Department of
Energy (DE-FG02-87ER13695) and the National Science Foundation
(CHE-9813659). S.J.B. also acknowledges the Australian Partnership for
Advanced Computing (ANU, Canberra) for a generous allocation of
supercomputer time. The authors thank Professor William L. Hase for
helpful discussions as well as providing unpublished data. Supplementary
experiments on diethyl ether and formic acid by Ms. Nicole Eyet are also
appreciated.
NR 50
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD OCT 2
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 39
BP 9516
EP 9525
DI 10.1021/jp800702z
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 353FP
UT WOS:000259551800043
PM 18570357
ER
PT J
AU Smith, NN
Gallagher, DT
AF Smith, Natasha N.
Gallagher, D. Travis
TI Structure and lability of archaeal dehydroquinase
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION
COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARCHAEOGLOBUS-FULGIDUS; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; COMPLETE GENOME; EVOLUTION;
PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; 3-DEHYDROQUINASE; ARCHAEBACTERIA; STABILIZATION
AB Multiple sequence alignments of type I 3-dehydroquinate dehydratases (DQs; EC 4.2.1.10) show that archaeal DQs have shorter helical regions than bacterial orthologs of known structure. To investigate this feature and its relation to thermostability, the structure of the Archaeoglobus fulgidus (Af) DQ dimer was determined at 2.33 angstrom resolution and its denaturation temperature was measured in vitro by circular dichroism (CD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This structure, a P2(1)2(1)2(1) crystal form with two 45 kDa dimers in the asymmetric unit, is the first structural representative of an archaeal DQ. Denaturation occurs at 343 +/- 3 K at both low and high ionic strength and at 349 K in the presence of the substrate analog tartrate. Since the growth optimum of the organism is 356 K, this implies that the protein maintains its folded state through the participation of additional factors in vivo. The (beta alpha)(8) fold is compared with those of two previously determined type I DQ structures, both bacterial (Salmonella and Staphylococcus), which had sequence identities of similar to 30% with AfDQ. Although the overall folds are the same, there are many differences in secondary structure and ionic features; the archaeal protein has over twice as many salt links per residue. The archaeal DQ is smaller than its bacterial counterparts and lower in regular secondary structure, with its eight helices being an average of one turn shorter. In particular, two of the eight normally helical regions (the exterior of the barrel) are mostly nonhelical in AfDQ, each having only a single turn of 3(10)-helix flanked by beta-strand and coil. These `protohelices' are unique among evolutionarily close members of the (beta alpha)(8)-fold superfamily. Structural features that may contribute to stability, in particular ionic factors, are examined and the implications of having a T-m below the organism's growth temperature are considered.
C1 [Smith, Natasha N.; Gallagher, D. Travis] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gallagher, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gallaghe@umbi.umd.edu
FU US National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the gift of the cloned gene from Hal
Monbouquette and Imke Schroeder and helpful discussions with and
assistance from Phil Bryan and Fred Schwarz. Funding for this project
was provided by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Identification of specific instruments and products in this paper is
solely to describe the experimental procedures and does not imply
recommendation or endorsement.
NR 28
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1744-3091
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F
JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 64
BP 886
EP 892
DI 10.1107/S1744309108028546
PN 10
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
Biophysics; Crystallography
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography
GA 359SJ
UT WOS:000260008100003
PM 18931429
ER
PT J
AU Pande, CS
Cooper, KP
McFadden, GB
AF Pande, C. S.
Cooper, K. P.
McFadden, G. B.
TI Grain size distribution in two dimensions in the long time limit
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Grain size distribution; Stochastic model; Fokker-Planck equation;
Numerical solution
ID STOCHASTIC-THEORY; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; NETWORK STRUCTURES; GROWTH;
BOUNDARIES; DIFFUSION
AB It is shown that the inclusion of a "noise" term in the growth rate of individual grains leads to a stochastic model that provides a more realistic description of grain growth phenomenon. The resulting Fokker-Planck equation for the grain size distribution is solved numerically due to the difficulties in obtaining an analytical solution. The analysis is limited to two dimensions and assumes quasi-stationary distributions in the long time limit. The resulting grain size distribution is shown to be in agreement with that obtained from computer simulations, indicating the validity of the stochastic approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
C1 [Pande, C. S.; Cooper, K. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[McFadden, G. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20809 USA.
RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM cooper@anvil.nrl.navy.mil
OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103
FU Office of Naval Research
FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. We are
grateful to Dr. Robert A. Masumura for his substantial contributions to
this work.
NR 38
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U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 56
IS 18
BP 5304
EP 5311
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.07.008
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 369OP
UT WOS:000260704100035
ER
PT J
AU Xiao, JF
Zhuang, QL
Baldocchi, DD
Law, BE
Richardson, AD
Chen, JQ
Oren, R
Starr, G
Noormets, A
Ma, SY
Verma, SB
Wharton, S
Wofsy, SC
Bolstad, PV
Burns, SP
Cook, DR
Curtis, PS
Drake, BG
Falk, M
Fischer, ML
Foster, DR
Gu, LH
Hadley, JL
Hollinger, DY
Katul, GG
Litvak, M
Martin, TA
Matamala, R
McNulty, S
Meyers, TP
Monson, RK
Munger, JW
Oechel, WC
U, KTP
Schmid, HP
Scott, RL
Sun, G
Suyker, AE
Torn, MS
AF Xiao, Jingfeng
Zhuang, Qianlai
Baldocchi, Dennis D.
Law, Beverly E.
Richardson, Andrew D.
Chen, Jiquan
Oren, Ram
Starr, Gregory
Noormets, Asko
Ma, Siyan
Verma, Shashi B.
Wharton, Sonia
Wofsy, Steven C.
Bolstad, Paul V.
Burns, Sean P.
Cook, David R.
Curtis, Peter S.
Drake, Bert G.
Falk, Matthias
Fischer, Marc L.
Foster, David R.
Gu, Lianhong
Hadley, Julian L.
Hollinger, David Y.
Katul, Gabriel G.
Litvak, Marcy
Martin, Timothy A.
Matamala, Roser
McNulty, Steve
Meyers, Tilden P.
Monson, Russell K.
Munger, J. William
Oechel, Walter C.
U, Kyaw Tha Paw
Schmid, Hans Peter
Scott, Russell L.
Sun, Ge
Suyker, Andrew E.
Torn, Margaret S.
TI Estimation of net ecosystem carbon exchange for the conterminous United
States by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data
SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Net ecosystem carbon exchange; MODIS; AmeriFlux; NEE; Regression tree;
Eddy covariance
ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; VEGETATION
WATER-CONTENT; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PONDEROSA PINE;
DECIDUOUS FOREST; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OLD-GROWTH
AB Eddy covariance flux towers provide continuous measurements of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) for a wide range of climate and biome types. However, these measurements only represent the carbon fluxes at the scale of the tower footprint. To quantify the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere for regions or continents, flux tower measurements need to be extrapolated to these large areas. Here we used remotely sensed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Terra satellite to scale up AmeriFlux NEE measurements to the continental scale. We first combined MODIS and AmeriFlux data for representative U.S. ecosystems to develop a predictive NEE model using a modified regression tree approach. The predictive model was trained and validated using eddy flux NEE data over the periods 2000-2004 and 2005-2006, respectively. We found that the model predicted NEE well (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). We then applied the model to the continental scale and estimated NEE for each 1 km x 1 km cell across the conterminous U.S. for each 8-day interval in 2005 using spatially explicit MODIS data. The model generally captured the expected spatial and seasonal patterns of NEE as deter-mined from measurements and the literature. Our study demonstrated that our empirical approach is effective for scaling up eddy flux NEE measurements to the continental scale and producing wall-to-wall NEE estimates across multiple biomes. Our estimates may provide an independent dataset from simulations with biogeochemical models and inverse modeling approaches for examining the spatiotemporal patterns of NEE and constraining terrestrial carbon budgets over large areas. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xiao, Jingfeng] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Ma, Siyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.
[Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Verma, Shashi B.; Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
[Wharton, Sonia; Falk, Matthias; U, Kyaw Tha Paw] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cook, David R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA.
[Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Foster, David R.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest & Dept Organism & Evolutionary Bio, Petersham, MA 01366 USA.
[Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Hadley, Julian L.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA.
[Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Litvak, Marcy] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Martin, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[McNulty, Steve; Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.
[Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Schmid, Hans Peter] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Schmid, Hans Peter] Res Ctr Karlsruhe FZK IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
[Scott, Russell L.] USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Xiao, JF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM jing@psu.edu
RI Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Schmid, Hans
Peter/I-1224-2012; Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009;
Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Baldocchi,
Dennis/A-1625-2009; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Noormets,
Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008;
Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Meyers,
Tilden/C-6633-2016
OI Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law,
Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194;
Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838;
Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Baldocchi,
Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Katul,
Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714;
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Carbon and Water Program
[EAR-0630319]; U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental
Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917]; Office of
Science, U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Regional
Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change
[DE-FC03-90ER610100]
FX The work of J. Xiao and Q. Zhuang was partly funded by the National
Science Foundation (NSF) Carbon and Water Program (EAR-0630319). We
thank the U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental
Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (Award #DE-FG02-04ER63917) for
funding Dr. B.E. Law to develop the AmeriFlux network protocols and
database design for the network, and the Office of Science, U.S.
Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Regional Center of the
National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative
Agreements No. DE-FC03-90ER610100 for funding P.S. Curtis. We thank the
principal investigators of the MODIS data products including A.R. Huete,
Z. Wan, R.B. Myneni, and E.F. Vermote and other contributors as well as
the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Distributed Active Archive
Center (DAAC), and the Earth Observing System (EOS) Data Gateway for
making these products available. We also thank T.A. Boden at the Carbon
Dioxide information Analysis Center, ORNL, S.K.S. Vannan at the ORNL
DACC, M. Zhao at the University of Montana, and Z. Wan at the University
of California, Santa Barbara, for helpful discussion about AmeriFlux
data, MODIS ASCII subsets, MODIS Quality Assurance (QA) flags, and MODIS
LST, respectively. The PRISM climate database was provided by the PRISM
Group, Oregon State University (http:// www.prismclimate.org). Computing
support was provided by the Rosen Center for Advanced Computing, Purdue
University.
NR 106
TC 107
Z9 112
U1 5
U2 87
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1923
J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL
JI Agric. For. Meteorol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 148
IS 11
BP 1827
EP 1847
DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.06.015
PG 21
WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 378DJ
UT WOS:000261301100014
ER
PT J
AU Love, JW
Taylor, CM
Warren, MP
AF Love, Joseph W.
Taylor, Christopher M.
Warren, Melvin P., Jr.
TI Effects of Summer Drought on Fish and Macroinvertebrate Assemblage
Properties in Upland Ouachita Mountain Streams, USA
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; SPECIES RICHNESS; PREDATION;
HABITAT; INTERMITTENT; AREA; INVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES
AB We sampled fishes and aquatic insects monthly (Jun.-Sept. 2002) from intermittent tributaries of the Alum Fork of the Saline River (Arkansas, U.S.A.) to quantify the response of fish and aquatic insect assemblage properties to seasonal desiccation and habitat fragmentation. We collected a total of 4219 individuals, representing 18 species of fishes and 27 families of aquatic insects. Changes in the composition of fish assemblages were significantly related to temporal variability in pool volume and location in the watershed. Smaller, upstream pools varied in volume more than downstream pools. Fish assemblages were significantly more similar through summer in downstream, larger pool habitats. Changes in the composition of aquatic insect families were related to variation in water quality conditions. Highly eutrophied sites were typically dominated by midge larvae (Chironomidae), resulting in highly similar assemblages over time. Our results support findings at larger space and time scales and call attention to the importance of rapid changes in habitat quality, size and connectivity on stream communities.
C1 [Love, Joseph W.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
[Taylor, Christopher M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA.
[Warren, Melvin P., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, Oxford Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.
RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
EM jlove@umes.edu
FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service; Southern Research Station; Ouachita Mountains
Ecosystem Management Research Project; Department of Biological Sciences
at Mississippi State University
FX We gratefully thank R. Deaton, M. Ratard and A. Sanderson for their help
in the field. Financial support for this work was provided by the
U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Ouachita Mountains
Ecosystem Management Research Project and the fDepartment of Biological
Sciences at Mississippi State University.
NR 53
TC 12
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U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
EI 1938-4238
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 160
IS 2
BP 265
EP 277
DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[265:EOSDOF]2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 362HT
UT WOS:000260189500001
ER
PT J
AU Schantz, MM
Bedner, M
Long, SE
Molloy, JL
Murphy, KE
Porter, BJ
Putzbach, K
Rimmer, CA
Sander, LC
Sharpless, KE
Thomas, JB
Wise, SA
Wood, LJ
Yen, JH
Yarita, T
NguyenPho, A
Sorenson, WR
Betz, JM
AF Schantz, Michele M.
Bedner, Mary
Long, Stephen E.
Molloy, John L.
Murphy, Karen E.
Porter, Barbara J.
Putzbach, Karsten
Rimmer, Catherine A.
Sander, Lane C.
Sharpless, Katherine E.
Thomas, Jeanice B.
Wise, Stephen A.
Wood, Laura J.
Yen, James H.
Yarita, Takashi
NguyenPho, Agnes
Sorenson, Wendy R.
Betz, Joseph M.
TI Development of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) fruit and extract standard
reference materials
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE saw palmetto; Serenoa repens; fatty acids; phytosterols; certified
reference material; standard reference material
ID SUPPLEMENTS; SUITE
AB As part of a collaboration with the National Institutes of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements and the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed two standard reference materials (SRMs) representing different forms of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), SRM 3250 Serenoa repens fruit and SRM 3251 Serenoa repens extract. Both of these SRMs have been characterized for their fatty acid and phytosterol content. The fatty acid concentration values are based on results from gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis while the sterol concentration values are based on results from GC-FID and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, SRM 3250 has been characterized for lead content, and SRM 3251 has been characterized for the content of beta-carotene and tocopherols. SRM 3250 (fruit) has certified concentration values for three phytosterols, 14 fatty acids as triglycerides, and lead along with reference concentration values for four fatty acids as triglycerides and 16 free fatty acids. SRM 3251 (extract) has certified concentration values for three phytosterols, 17 fatty acids as triglycerides, beta-carotene, and gamma-tocopherol along with reference concentration values for three fatty acids as triglycerides, 17 fatty acids as free fatty acids, beta-carotene isomers, and delta-tocopherol and information values for two phytosterols. These SRMs will complement other reference materials currently available with concentrations for similar analytes and are part of a series of SRMs being developed for dietary supplements.
C1 [Schantz, Michele M.; Bedner, Mary; Long, Stephen E.; Molloy, John L.; Murphy, Karen E.; Porter, Barbara J.; Putzbach, Karsten; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Thomas, Jeanice B.; Wise, Stephen A.; Wood, Laura J.; Yarita, Takashi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yen, James H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[NguyenPho, Agnes] Food & Drug Adm, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
[Sorenson, Wendy R.] Covance Labs, Madison, WI 53704 USA.
[Betz, Joseph M.] Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM michele.schantz@nist.gov
OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X
NR 17
TC 14
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 392
IS 3
BP 427
EP 438
DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2297-0
PG 12
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 345NK
UT WOS:000259003300012
PM 18677464
ER
PT J
AU Duewer, DL
Schantz, MM
Parris, RM
AF Duewer, David L.
Schantz, Michele M.
Parris, Reenie M.
TI Evaluation of performance characteristics of multistep analytical
methods from collaborative study of linked samples
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB Following unexpectedly variable results from an international comparison study of the determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in shellfish tissue, a group of national metrology institutes collaboratively explored the analytical characteristics of their measurement systems using a designed study with four sample materials. This "Uncertainty Suite" consisted of a 10-congener mixture of PCBs in relatively nonvolatile isooctane, a 5-congener mixture in relatively volatile methylene chloride, a methylene chloride extract of freeze-dried mussel (Mytilus edulis) tissue, and the (homogenized) mussel tissue itself. These related-but-different samples presented the participants' measurement processes with a linked series of analytical challenges. Data evaluation tools were developed to combine and visualize measurement results for the different congeners of interest for each material and, exploiting the linkages among the samples, to help identify causes for observed changes in performance. In addition to characterizing individual measurement processes, (1) the limiting sources of measurement uncertainty were found to be chromatographic separation and signal quantification in a natural matrix, (2) the achievable among-participant total measurement uncertainty for PCB calibration solutions is similar to 1.9% over the mass fraction range from 40 to 500 ng/g, and (3) the achievable among-participant measurement precision for the determination of PCB congeners in mussel tissue at levels above 0.5 ng/g mass fraction is similar to 5.4%.
C1 [Duewer, David L.; Schantz, Michele M.; Parris, Reenie M.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.duewer@nist.gov
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD OCT 1
PY 2008
VL 80
IS 19
BP 7327
EP 7335
DI 10.1021/ac8009966
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 353XS
UT WOS:000259603100022
PM 18759493
ER
PT J
AU Radzihovsky, L
Weichman, PB
Park, JI
AF Radzihovsky, Leo
Weichman, Peter B.
Park, Jae I.
TI Superfluidity and phase transitions in a resonant Bose gas
SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE BEC; Feshbach; quantum phase transition; superfluidity; vortices;
condensate; BCS; Bose-Einstein; squeezed
ID BEC-BCS CROSSOVER; EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR;
MAGNETIC-FIELD; TETHERED MEMBRANES; NODAL LIQUID; FERMI GAS; MOLECULES;
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEMS
AB The atomic Bose gas is studied across a Feshbach resonance, mapping out its phase diagram, and computing its thermodynamics and excitation spectra. It is shown that such a degenerate gas admits two distinct atomic and molecular superfluid phases, with the latter distinguished by the absence of atomic off-diagonal long-range order, gapped atomic excitations, and deconfined atomic pi-vortices. The properties of the molecular superfluid are explored, and it is shown that across a Feshbach resonance it undergoes a quantum Ising transition to the atomic superfluid, where both atoms and molecules are condensed. In addition to its distinct thermodynamic signatures and deconfined half-vortices, in a trap a molecular superfluid should be identifiable by the absence of an atomic condensate peak and the presence of a molecular one. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Park, Jae I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Radzihovsky, Leo; Park, Jae I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Weichman, Peter B.] Adv Informat Technol, BAE Syst, Burlington, MA 01803 USA.
RP Park, JI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jae@nist.gov
NR 85
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0003-4916
EI 1096-035X
J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK
JI Ann. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 323
IS 10
BP 2376
EP 2451
DI 10.1016/j.aop.2008.05.008
PG 76
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 354QH
UT WOS:000259653600002
ER
PT J
AU Cuna, S
Pendall, E
Miller, JB
Tans, PP
Dlugokencky, E
White, JWC
AF Cuna, Stela
Pendall, Elise
Miller, John B.
Tans, Pieter P.
Dlugokencky, Ed
White, James W. C.
TI Separating contributions from natural and anthropogenic sources in
atmospheric methane from the Black Sea region, Romania
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry
CY NOV 11-16, 2005
CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
ID CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; TRACE GASES; GROWTH-RATE; WATER; OXIDATION;
EMISSIONS; VARIABILITY; HYDROGEN; SOIL; CH4
AB The Danube Delta-Black Sea region of Romania is an important wetland, and this preliminary study evaluates the significance of this region as a source of atmospheric CH4. Measurements of the mixing ratio and delta C-13 in CH4 are reported from air and water samples collected at eight sites in the Danube Delta. High mixing ratios of CH4 were found in air (2500-14,000 ppb) and dissolved in water samples (similar to 1-10 mu mol L-1), demonstrating that the Danube Delta is an important natural source of CH4. The intercepts on Keeling plots of about -62 parts per thousand show that the main source of CH4 in this region is microbial, probably resulting primarily from acetate fermentation. Atmospheric CH4 and CO data from the NOAA/ ESRL (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory) were used to make a preliminary estimate of biogenic CH4 at the Black Sea sampling site at Constanta (BSC). These data were used to calculate ratios of CH4/CO in air samples, and using an assumed CH4/CO anthropogenic emissions ratio of 0.6, fossil fuel emissions at BSC were estimated. Biogenic CH4 emissions were then estimated by a simple mass balance approach. Keeling plots of well-mixed air from the BSC site suggested a stronger wetland source in summer and a stronger fossil fuel source in winter. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cuna, Stela] Natl Inst Res & Dev Isotop & Mol Technol, Cluj Napoca 400293, Romania.
[Pendall, Elise] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Miller, John B.; Tans, Pieter P.; Dlugokencky, Ed] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
RP Cuna, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Res & Dev Isotop & Mol Technol, Cluj Napoca 400293, Romania.
EM cuna@ocl.itim-cj.ro
RI White, James/A-7845-2009;
OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969
NR 46
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 10
SI SI
BP 2871
EP 2879
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.04.019
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 369WJ
UT WOS:000260724300007
ER
PT J
AU Charnotskii, M
AF Charnotskii, Mikhail
TI Superresolution in dewarped anisoplanatic images
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; RESTORATION
AB I present a simple theoretical model for dewarped imaging through a turbulent medium and calculate the degree of superresolution that can be attained by dewarping the distorted instantaneous images registered through a turbulent atmosphere. The estimates show that on 1 km near the ground propagation path, spatial frequencies of the dewarped image can exceed the diffraction limit three times with a probability up to 10%. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Charnotskii, Mikhail] Natl Oceanic & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway,R-PSD-99, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Mikhail.Charnotskii@noaa.gov
RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013
OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD OCT 1
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 28
BP 5110
EP 5116
DI 10.1364/AO.47.005110
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 364PS
UT WOS:000260348200020
PM 18830299
ER
PT J
AU Neely, KG
Myers, JM
Hard, JJ
Shearer, KD
AF Neely, Kathleen G.
Myers, James M.
Hard, Jeffrey J.
Shearer, Karl D.
TI Comparison of growth, feed intake, and nutrient efficiency in a selected
strain of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and its source stock
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Coho salmon; Growth; Selection; Proximate composition; Digestibility
ID ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; BODY-COMPOSITION; CHINOOK SALMON; FOOD
CONVERSION; FRESH-WATER; SALAR; DIGESTIBILITY; PROTEIN; MYKISS
AB We compared growth in a domesticated strain of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), that had been selected for rapid growth over 16 generations, to that of its hatchery-origin unselected parental stock. Fish were spawned on the same date and incubated under similar conditions. First feeding fry were fed to satiation and then were fed a commercial salmon feed at two ration levels, either to satiation or on a fixed ration from the size at which the smallest fish could accept a 1-mm pellet (domesticated 0.65 g, hatchery 0.96 g). The domesticated fish outperformed unselected fish by growing faster and to a larger size, ingesting a greater amount of feed when fed to satiation, and exhibiting greater efficiency in feed conversion. When fed to satiation, domesticated fish ingested 53% more feed and gained 78% more weight compared to unselected fish. The selected fish also appeared to utilize dietary lipids for energy while sparing protein for growth, while unselected fish deposited dietary lipids as body fat. These results indicate that selection over 16 generations for growth also resulted in changes in feed efficiency and energy allocation. Understanding the mechanisms underlying improved growth will aid future selection studies by identifying multiple targets of selection that contribute most to growth. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Neely, Kathleen G.; Myers, James M.; Hard, Jeffrey J.; Shearer, Karl D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Neely, KG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2727 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM kathleen.neely@noaa.gov
RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009
NR 64
TC 18
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD OCT 1
PY 2008
VL 283
IS 1-4
BP 134
EP 140
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.038
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 367QP
UT WOS:000260567600020
ER
PT J
AU Grisdale-Helland, B
Shearer, KD
Gatlin, DM
Helland, SJ
AF Grisdale-Helland, Barbara
Shearer, Karl D.
Gatlin, Delbert M., III
Helland, Stale J.
TI Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, protein
digestibility, feed utilization and body composition of Atlantic cod
(Gadus morhua)
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic cod Gadus morhua; Diet composition; Growth; Feed efficiency
ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; FISH-MEAL QUALITIES; JUVENILE HADDOCK;
RAINBOW-TROUT; ENERGY CONTENT; L.; TEMPERATURE; EFFICIENCY; RETENTION;
LIVER
AB A study was conducted to obtain more information about optimal macronutrient ratios in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Fourteen extruded diets based on fish meal, fish oil and maize starch were fed to cod (initial weight 77 g) in 150-L tanks (n=2-4) in an incomplete factorial design. The diets contained approximately 49, 54, 58 or 63% crude protein and 11, 16, 20, 23 or 28% crude lipid (6-23% starch). The growth trial was stopped during the third week because of a parasite attack, but the fish continued to receive their respective experimental diets. Seven weeks after the original start, the growth trial was re-started. Over the following 8 weeks, the fish grew from a mean weight of 121 g to final weights ranging from 196 to 261 g, but there was no significant effect of dietary protein or lipid levels on growth rate. The feed efficiency ratio (FER) was negatively correlated with the dietary starch concentration and positively correlated with the dietary lipid concentration. FER was significantly higher for cod fed the diets containing 20% or more lipid. Protein digestibility was slightly higher in the 63% protein diets than in those containing 58% protein and higher in the diets containing 23 or 28% lipid than in those containing 11% lipid (P<0.05). The hepatosomatic index (HSI) increased during the total 15-week period from an initial level of 6.4% to a range of 7.4 to 13.2% and was significantly affected by an interaction between dietary protein and lipid concentrations. The dietary protein:energy ratio accounted for 69% of the variation in HSI. Nitrogen retention was significantly affected by the interaction between dietary protein and lipid levels. To remove the effect of the liver growth in the cod, the growth rate of the carcass was calculated. In the cod fed the diets containing 58% protein, carcass growth rate was greater than in those fed the 49% protein diets. At a dietary lipid level of 20%, which was optimal for FER, a comparison of the diets containing 49 or 58% protein showed no significant differences in feed intake, whole body or carcass growth rates, protein digestibility or HSI. The 49% protein diet led to greater nitrogen retention in the cod and is less expensive than the 58% protein diet and, thus, is recommended as the most optimal diet for cod under 300 g. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Grisdale-Helland, Barbara; Helland, Stale J.] Nofima, N-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway.
[Shearer, Karl D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Gatlin, Delbert M., III] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Helland, Stale J.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, N-1432 As, Norway.
EM barb.grisdale-helland@nofima.no
NR 31
TC 33
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD OCT 1
PY 2008
VL 283
IS 1-4
BP 156
EP 162
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.07.013
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 367QP
UT WOS:000260567600023
ER
PT J
AU Kerber, F
Nave, G
Sansonetti, CJ
AF Kerber, F.
Nave, G.
Sansonetti, C. J.
TI THE SPECTRUM OF Th-Ar HOLLOW CATHODE LAMPS IN THE 691-5804 nm REGION:
ESTABLISHING WAVELENGTH STANDARDS FOR THE CALIBRATION OF INFRARED
SPECTROGRAPHS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic data; catalogs; instrumentation: spectrographs; methods:
laboratory; standards; techniques: spectroscopic
ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; OH-EMISSION LINES; RESOLUTION; ATLAS; VLT; UVES
AB We report new observations of the infrared (IR) spectrum of low-current Th-Ar hollow cathode lamps with the 2 m Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. These observations establish more than 2400 lines that are suitable for use as wavelength standards in the range 900-4500 nm. The line list is used as input for a physical instrument model that provides the wavelength calibration for the Cryogenic High-Resolution IR Echelle Spectrometer (CRIRES), the European Southern Observatory's new high-resolution (R similar to 100; 000) IR spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. We have also observed the variation of the spectrum of Th-Ar lamps as a function of operating current. The results allow us to optimize the spectral output in terms of relative intensity and line density for operation on the telescope. Our results should be generally useful for wavelength calibration in near-IR astronomy, providing a high density of sharp, well-characterized emission lines with the ease and efficiency of operation of a commercial discharge lamp.
C1 [Kerber, F.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Kerber, F.] European So Observ, Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-8046 Garching, Germany.
[Kerber, F.; Nave, G.; Sansonetti, C. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kerber, F (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM fkerber@eso.org; gillian.nave@nist.gov; craig.sansonetti@nist.gov
FU European Southern Observatory (ESO); European Space Agency (ESA)
FX We thank R. Engleman for providing his Th-Ar line lists in electronic
form. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the European
Southern Observatory (ESO) and the European Space Agency (ESA). It is a
pleasure to thank D. Macchetto (ESA, STScI) for his support. We also
thank all members of the CRIRES team for the good collaboration. Special
thanks go to Paul Bristow, Sandro D'Odorico, and B. Wolff (ESO).
NR 40
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 178
IS 2
BP 374
EP 381
DI 10.1086/590111
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 400IU
UT WOS:000262862100010
ER
PT J
AU Baldauf, R
Thoma, E
Khlystov, A
Isakov, V
Bowker, G
Long, T
Snow, R
AF Baldauf, R.
Thoma, E.
Khlystov, A.
Isakov, V.
Bowker, G.
Long, T.
Snow, R.
TI Impacts of noise barriers on near-road air quality
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Motor vehicle emissions; Noise barriers; Near-road; Particulate matter;
Carbon monoxide
ID ELECTRICAL MOBILITY; DISPERSION; LEAD
AB Numerous health studies conducted worldwide suggest an increase in the occurrence of adverse health effects for populations living, working, or going to school near large roadways. A study was designed to assess traffic emission impacts on air quality near a heavily traveled highway. The portion of highway studied included a section of open field and a section with a noise barrier adjacent to the road. In addition, the section containing the noise barrier included a portion with vegetation in the vicinity of the barrier. Thus, this field study provided an opportunity to evaluate near-road air quality with no barriers, with a noise barrier only, and with a noise barrier and vegetation adjacent to the road. Pollutants measured under these scenarios included carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM).
Measurements showed the effects of a noise barrier on near-road air quality. The presence of this structure often led to pollutant concentration reductions behind the barrier during meteorological conditions with winds directionally from the road. CO and PM number concentrations generally decreased between 15 and 50% behind the barrier. However, conditions occurred when pollutant concentrations were greater behind the barrier than when no barrier was present. These results imply that the presence of a noise barrier can lead to higher pollutant concentrations on the road during certain wind conditions. In addition, the study results suggested that the presence of mature trees in addition to the barrier further lowered PM number concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Baldauf, R.; Thoma, E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Baldauf, R.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
[Khlystov, A.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
[Isakov, V.; Bowker, G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
[Long, T.; Snow, R.] ARCADIS Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Baldauf, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM baldauf.richard@epa.gov
RI Khlystov, Andrey/C-6134-2009
OI Khlystov, Andrey/0000-0001-9606-3919
NR 17
TC 61
Z9 64
U1 6
U2 39
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 32
BP 7502
EP 7507
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.051
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 372ZM
UT WOS:000260940800019
ER
PT J
AU Boersma, KS
Ryer, CH
Hurst, TP
Heppell, SS
AF Boersma, Kate S.
Ryer, Clifford H.
Hurst, Thomas P.
Heppell, Selina S.
TI Influences of divergent behavioral strategies upon risk allocation in
juvenile flatfishes
SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE foraging; predation; risk allocation; pleuronectid
ID NORTH PACIFIC FLATFISHES; PREDATION RISK; TEMPORAL VARIATION;
ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; DECISION-MAKING; HYPOTHESIS; RESPONSES;
VULNERABILITY; CRAYFISH; ECOLOGY
AB Animals balance feeding and anti-predator behaviors at various temporal scales. When risk is infrequent or brief, prey can postpone feeding in the short term and temporally allocate feeding behavior to less risky periods. If risk is frequent or lengthy, however, prey must eventually resume feeding to avoid fitness consequences. Species may exhibit different behavioral strategies, depending on the fitness tradeoffs that exist in their environment or across their life histories. North Pacific flatfishes that share juvenile rearing habitat exhibit a variety of responses to predation risk, but their response to risk frequency has not been examined. We observed the feeding and anti-predator behaviors of young-of-the-year English sole (Parophrys vetulus), northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra), and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)-three species that exhibit divergent anti-predator strategies-following exposure to three levels of predation risk: no risk, infrequent (two exposures/day), and frequent (five exposures/day). The English sole responded to the frequent risk treatment with higher feeding rates than during infrequent risk, following a pattern of behavioral response that is predicted by the risk allocation hypothesis; rock sole and halibut did not follow the predicted pattern, but this may be due to the limited range of treatments. Our observations of unique anti-predator strategies, along with differences in foraging and species-specific ecologies, suggest divergent trajectories of risk allocation for the three species.
C1 [Boersma, Kate S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Boersma, Kate S.; Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Boersma, Kate S.; Ryer, Clifford H.; Hurst, Thomas P.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Ecol Pro, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Boersma, KS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Cordley Hall 3029, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM kate.boersma@science.oregonstate.edu
RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013
FU North Pacific Research Board [R0301]; Hatfield Marine Science Center's
Markham Scholarship
FX We thank B. Laurel and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive
comments on this manuscript. We are indebted to S. Haines, P. Iseri, J.
Lemke, and M. Ottmar for laboratory and field assistance, and A.
Abookire, E. Munk, M. Spencer, and T. Tripp for their help with fish
collection. We also thank the many volunteers who assisted with fish
collection in Yaquina Bay. This study was conducted as a component of
the M. S. research of K. S. B. at Oregon State University. The work was
funded by the North Pacific Research Board, grant # R0301 to C. Ryer, A.
Abookire, I. Fleming, and A. Stoner. Additional assistance was provided
to K. S. by Hatfield Marine Science Center's Markham Scholarship.
Experiments were conducted in accordance with the animal care protocols
established by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries
Behavioral Ecology Program, and all experiments complied with the
current laws of the USA.
NR 33
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0340-5443
J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL
JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 62
IS 12
BP 1959
EP 1968
DI 10.1007/s00265-008-0627-z
PG 10
WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 348YL
UT WOS:000259245900014
ER
PT J
AU Xu, XD
Zhang, RH
Koike, T
Lu, CG
Shi, XH
Zhang, SG
Bian, LG
Cheng, XH
Li, PY
Ding, GA
AF Xu, Xiangde
Zhang, Renhe
Koike, Toshio
Lu, Chungu
Shi, Xiaohui
Zhang, Shengun
Bian, Lingen
Cheng, Xinghong
Li, Peiyan
Ding, Guoan
TI A NEW INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL SYSTEM OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SUMMER MONSOON; LAND-SURFACE
C1 [Lu, Chungu] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, David Skaggs Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Xu, Xiangde; Zhang, Renhe; Shi, Xiaohui; Zhang, Shengun; Bian, Lingen; Cheng, Xinghong; Ding, Guoan] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Koike, Toshio] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
[Li, Peiyan] Tianjin Inst Meteorol Sci, Tianjin, Peoples R China.
RP Lu, CG (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, David Skaggs Res Ctr, GSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM chungu.lu@noaa.gov
NR 16
TC 29
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 89
IS 10
BP 1492
EP 1496
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2557.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 370BN
UT WOS:000260737800012
ER
PT J
AU Grubisic, V
Doyle, JD
Kuettner, J
Mobbs, S
Smith, RB
Whiteman, CD
Dirks, R
Czyzyk, S
Cohn, SA
Vosper, S
Weissmann, M
Haimov, S
De Wekker, SFJ
Pan, LL
Chow, FK
AF Grubisic, Vanda
Doyle, James D.
Kuettner, Joachim
Mobbs, Stephen
Smith, Ronald B.
Whiteman, C. David
Dirks, Richard
Czyzyk, Stanley
Cohn, Stephen A.
Vosper, Simon
Weissmann, Martin
Haimov, Samuel
De Wekker, Stephan F. J.
Pan, Laura L.
Chow, Fotni Katopodes
TI THE TERRAIN-INDUCED ROTOR EXPERIMENT A Field Campaign Overview Including
Observational Highlights
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; LEE WAVES; MOUNTAIN; AIRCRAFT; DYNAMICS; LAYER;
LIDAR
AB The Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) is a coordinated international project, composed of an observational field campaign and a research program, focused on the investigation of atmospheric rotors and closely related phenomena in complex terrain. The T-REX field campaign took place during March and April 2006 in the lee of the southern Sierra Nevada in eastern California. Atmospheric rotors have been traditionally defined as quasi-two-dimensional atmospheric vortices that form parallel to and downwind of a mountain ridge under conditions conducive to the generation of large-amplitude mountain waves. Intermittency, high levels of turbulence, and complex small-scale internal structure characterize rotors, which are known hazards to general aviation. The objective of the T-REX field campaign was to provide an unprecedented comprehensive set of in situ and remotely sensed meteorological observations from the ground to UTLS altitudes for the documentation of the spatiotemporal characteristics and internal structure of a tightly coupled system consisting of an atmospheric rotor, terrain-induced internal gravity waves, and a complex terrain boundary layer. In addition, T-REX had several ancillary objectives including the studies of UTLS chemical distribution in the presence of mountain waves and complex-terrain boundary layer in the absence of waves and rotors. This overview provides a background of the project including the information on its science objectives, experimental design, and observational systems, along with highlights of key observations obtained during the field campaign. (Page 1513)
C1 [Grubisic, Vanda] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Kuettner, Joachim; Dirks, Richard; Cohn, Stephen A.; Pan, Laura L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Mobbs, Stephen] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Smith, Ronald B.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
[Whiteman, C. David] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Czyzyk, Stanley] Natl Weather Serv, Las Vegas, NV USA.
[Vosper, Simon] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Weissmann, Martin] DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Haimov, Samuel] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[De Wekker, Stephan F. J.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
[Chow, Fotni Katopodes] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Grubisic, V (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM vanda.grubisic@dri.edu
RI Weissmann, Martin/C-9084-2013; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008
OI Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114
FU National Science Foundation
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the
National Science Foundation
NR 32
TC 89
Z9 89
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 89
IS 10
BP 1513
EP 1533
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2487.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 370BN
UT WOS:000260737800018
ER
PT J
AU Roberts, RD
Fabry, F
Kennedy, PC
Nelson, E
Wilson, JW
Rehak, N
Fritz, J
Chandrasekar, V
Braun, J
Sun, J
Ellis, S
Reising, S
Crum, T
Mooney, L
Palmer, R
Weckwerth, T
Padmanabhan, S
AF Roberts, Rita D.
Fabry, Frederic
Kennedy, Patrick C.
Nelson, Eric
Wilson, James W.
Rehak, Nancy
Fritz, Jason
Chandrasekar, V.
Braun, John
Sun, Juanzhen
Ellis, Scott
Reising, Steven
Crum, Timothy
Mooney, Larry
Palmer, Robert
Weckwerth, Tammy
Padmanabhan, Sharmila
TI REFRACTT 2006 Real-Time Retrieval of High-Resolution, Low-Level Moisture
Fields from Operational NEXRAD and Research Radars
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; GPS; VALIDATION; RADIOMETER; SUPERCELL
AB The Refractivity Experiment for H2O Research and Collaborative Operational Technology Transfer (REFRACTT), conducted in northeast Colorado during the summer of 2006, provided a unique opportunity to obtain high-resolution gridded moisture fields from the operational Denver Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) and three research radars using a radar-based index of refraction (refractivity) technique. Until now, it has not been possible to observe and monitor moisture variability in the near-surface boundary layer to such high spatial (4-km horizontal gridpoint spacing) and temporal (4-10-min update rates) resolutions using operational NEXRAD and provide these moisture fields to researchers and the National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters in real time. The overarching goals of REFRACTT were to 1) access and mosaic the refractivity data from the operational NEXRAD and research radars together over a large domain for use by NWS forecasters in real time for short-term forecasting, 2) improve our understanding of near-surface water vapor variability and the role it plays in the initiation of convection and thunderstorms, and 3) improve the accuracy of quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) through improved observations and assimilation of low-level moisture fields. This paper presents examples of refractivity-derived moisture fields from REFRACTT in 2006 and the moisture variability observed in the near-surface boundary layer, in association with thunderstorm initiation, and with a cold frontal passage. (Page 1535)
C1 [Roberts, Rita D.; Nelson, Eric; Wilson, James W.; Rehak, Nancy; Sun, Juanzhen; Ellis, Scott; Weckwerth, Tammy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Fabry, Frederic] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Kennedy, Patrick C.; Fritz, Jason; Chandrasekar, V.; Reising, Steven; Padmanabhan, Sharmila] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Crum, Timothy] Radar Operat Ctr, NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Norman, OK USA.
[Braun, John] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COSMIC, Boulder, CO USA.
[Mooney, Larry] Natl Weather Serv, Denver Forecast Off, Boulder, CO USA.
[Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Roberts, RD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
EM rroberts@ucar.edu
RI Y, wang/A-8866-2010; Braun, John/B-2913-2010
OI Braun, John/0000-0002-6380-7739
NR 24
TC 27
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U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 89
IS 10
BP 1535
EP 1548
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2412.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 370BN
UT WOS:000260737800019
ER
PT J
AU Shupe, MD
Daniel, JS
de Boer, G
Eloranta, EW
Kollias, P
Long, CN
Luke, EP
Turner, DD
Verlinde, J
AF Shupe, Matthew D.
Daniel, John S.
de Boer, Gijs
Eloranta, Edwin W.
Kollias, Pavlos
Long, Charles N.
Luke, Edward P.
Turner, David D.
Verlinde, Johannes
TI A FOCUS ON MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS The Status of Ground-Based Observational
Methods
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; LIQUID WATER PATH; EMITTED RADIANCE
INTERFEROMETER; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; REMOTE SENSORS; DOPPLER RADAR;
AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; LIDAR OBSERVATION; ICE
PARTICLES
AB The phase composition and microphysical structure of clouds define the manner in which they modulate atmospheric radiation and contribute to the hydrologic cycle. Issues regarding cloud phase partitioning and transformation come to bear directly in mixed-phase clouds, and have been difficult to address within current modeling frameworks. Ground-based, remote-sensing observations of mixed-phase clouds can contribute a significant body of knowledge with which to better understand, and thereby more accurately model, clouds and their phase-defining processes. Utilizing example observations from the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE), which occurred at the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Climate Research Facility in Barrow, Alaska, during autumn 2004, we review the current status of ground-based observation and retrieval methods used in characterizing the macrophysical, microphysical, radiative, and dynamical properties of stratiform mixed-phase clouds. In general, cloud phase, boundaries, ice properties, liquid water path, optical depth, and vertical velocity are available from a combination of active and passive sensors. Significant deficiencies exist in our ability to vertically characterize the liquid phase, to distinguish ice crystal habits, and to understand aerosol-cloud interactions. Further validation studies are needed to evaluate, improve, and expand our retrieval abilities in mixed-phase clouds. (Page 1549)
C1 [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shupe, Matthew D.; Daniel, John S.] NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[de Boer, Gijs; Eloranta, Edwin W.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Kollias, Pavlos; Luke, Edward P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Long, Charles N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Verlinde, Johannes] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), R PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM matthew.shupe@noaa.gov
RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; Shupe,
Matthew/F-8754-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982;
FU Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy
FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S.
Department of Energy. Thanks to the ARM Program and MPACE team for
collecting a well-focused mixed-phase cloud dataset.
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 89
IS 10
BP 1549
EP +
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2378.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 370BN
UT WOS:000260737800020
ER
PT J
AU Powell, MD
Reinhold, TA
AF Powell, Mark D.
Reinhold, Timothy A.
TI Tropical Cyclone Destructive Potential by Integrated Kinetic Energy
Reply
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Powell, Mark D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Reinhold, Timothy A.] Inst Business & Home Safety, Tampa, FL USA.
RP Powell, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013
OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945
NR 2
TC 1
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U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 89
IS 10
BP 1577
EP 1577
DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2688.1
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 370BN
UT WOS:000260737800024
ER
PT J
AU Wang, HY
Hook, TO
Ebener, MP
Mohr, LC
Schneeberger, PJ
AF Wang, Hui-Yu
Hook, Tomas O.
Ebener, Mark P.
Mohr, Lloyd C.
Schneeberger, Philip J.
TI Spatial and temporal variation of maturation schedules of lake whitefish
(Coregonus clupeaformis) in the Great Lakes
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-SEA PLAICE; REACTION NORMS; LIFE-HISTORY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY;
SMALLMOUTH BASS; ANNUAL SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; POPULATIONS; AGE; SIZE
AB Fish maturation schedules vary greatly among systems and over time, reflecting both plastic and adaptive responses to ecosystem structure, physical habitats, and mortality (natural and fishing). We examined maturation schedules of commercially exploited lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the Laurentian Great Lakes (Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior) by estimating ages and lengths at 50% maturity, age-specific maturity ogives (age-specific probability of being mature), and probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs; a metric that accounts for effects of growth and mortality). Collectively, these estimates indicated variation in maturation schedules between sexes (i.e., males tend to mature at younger ages and shorter lengths than females) and among systems (midpoint estimates of PMRNs were smallest for Lake Michigan fish, intermediate for fish in the main basin of Lake Huron, and largest for fish in Lake Huron's Georgian Bay and Lake Superior). Temporally, recent increases in age at 50% maturity in Lakes Huron and Michigan may primarily reflect plastic responses to decreased growth rates associated with ecosystem changes (e.g., declines of the native amphipod, Diporeia spp.). As plastic and adaptive changes in maturation schedules of fish stocks may occur simultaneously and require different management considerations, we recommend the concomitant analysis of multiple maturation indices.
C1 [Wang, Hui-Yu; Hook, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, NOAA,Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA.
[Mohr, Lloyd C.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada.
[Schneeberger, Philip J.] Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette, MI 49855 USA.
RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, NOAA,Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM thook@purdue.edu
OI WANG, HUI-YU/0000-0002-9100-321X
FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust; NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research
Laboratory
FX The analyses described herein were funded by a grant from the Great
Lakes Fisheries Trust and were supported by NOAA's Great Lakes
Environmental Research Laboratory. We thank R. Claramunt for assistance
with some data preparation. D. B. Bunnell and C. P. Madenjian provided
valuable comments that helped improve this paper. This is contribution
1482 of NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory.
NR 59
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PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 10
BP 2157
EP 2169
DI 10.1139/F08-124
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 361ZO
UT WOS:000260168000008
ER
PT J
AU Lu, YH
Ludsin, SA
Fanslow, DL
Pothoven, SA
AF Lu, Yuehan
Ludsin, Stuart A.
Fanslow, David L.
Pothoven, Steven A.
TI Comparison of three microquantity techniques for measuring total lipids
in fish
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION; SALMON
SALMO-SALAR; LARGEMOUTH BASS; STORAGE; SURVIVAL; MUSCLE; PURIFICATION;
EXTRACTION; LAKE
AB To measure lipids in juvenile and adult fishes, we refined three microquantity approaches (microgravimetric, microcolorimetric sulfophosphovanillan (SPV), and Iatroscan thin layer chromatography - flame ionization detection (TLC-FID)) that were originally developed to measure lipids in small aquatic invertebrates. We also evaluated their precision and comparability by quantifying the total lipid content of age-1+ walleye (Sander vitreus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) collected in Lake Erie (US-Canada), Lake Michigan (USA), and Muskegon Lake (Michigan, USA). Our findings demonstrate that (i) microquantity approaches provide estimates of total lipids in juvenile and adult fishes similar to those of more traditional macroquantity approaches, (ii) the microcolorimetric SPV and microgravimetric approaches produce near identical estimates of total lipid content, and (iii) the Iatroscan TLC-FID approach underestimates total lipids relative to the other approaches for individuals with high lipid levels. Ultimately, our research makes available additional techniques for measuring total lipid content of fishes that are less expensive than traditional techniques, owing to a reduced need for large quantities of samples and solvents.
C1 [Lu, Yuehan] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Ludsin, Stuart A.; Fanslow, David L.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
RP Lu, YH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 2534 CC Little Bldg,1100 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM luyuehan@umich.edu
RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010;
OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422
FU NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL); NOAA
GLERL/Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research
(CILER) Summer
FX We thank Joann Cavaletto for teaching us the Iatroscan TLC-FID method,
as well as Pete Landrum for assistance with the microcolorimetric SPV
method. We thank the Laurentian boat crew for their assistance with fish
collections, as well as Tomas Hook, Marco Costantini, and James Roberts
for their assistance with the 2005 field collections, conducted as part
of the International Field Years on Lake Erie (IFYLE) Program. Much
appreciation goes to Michigan Department of Natural Resources for
providing access to walleye at their Saline Fish Hatchery, including Jim
Breck who helped process those fish. This work was funded by NOAA's
Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), as well as a 2006
NOAA GLERL/Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research
(CILER) Summer Fellowship to Yuehan Lu. This publication represents NOAA
GLERL contribution No. 1469.
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PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 10
BP 2233
EP 2241
DI 10.1139/F08-135
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 361ZO
UT WOS:000260168000015
ER
PT J
AU Bond, MH
Hayes, SA
Hanson, CV
MacFarlane, RB
AF Bond, Morgan H.
Hayes, Sean A.
Hanson, Chad V.
MacFarlane, R. Bruce
TI Marine survival of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) enhanced by a
seasonally closed estuary
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; SCALE
PATTERN-ANALYSIS; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON;
BACK-CALCULATION; COHO SALMON; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA
AB To investigate the role that estuaries play in the survival of steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, we compared juvenile size at ocean entry with back-calculated measures of size at ocean entry for returning adults in Scott Creek, a representative California coastal stream. During the annual spring emigration, the largest smolts (> 150 mm fork length (FL)) move directly to sea, while some smaller smolts remain in the estuary until sandbar formation creates a closed freshwater lagoon. High growth rates in the estuary throughout the summer result in a near doubling of fork length from the time of estuary entry (mean FL of spring migrants = 102.2 mm; mean FL of fall lagoon resident = 195.9 mm). Analysis of the scale morphology of returning adult steelhead indicates that there is strong size-dependent mortality at sea, with estuary-reared steelhead showing a large survival advantage, comprising between 87% and 95.5% (based on tag returns and scale analysis, respectively) of the returning adult population despite being between 8% and 48% of the annual downstream migrating population. Although the estuary forms less than 5% of the watershed area, it is critical nursery habitat, and steelhead population persistence in southern margin ecosystems may well depend upon healthy estuaries.
C1 [Bond, Morgan H.; Hayes, Sean A.; Hanson, Chad V.; MacFarlane, R. Bruce] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Bond, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM mobond@u.washington.edu
FU NMFS; University of California Santa Cruz; Packard IMS Endowment;
California Department of Fish and Game; Fisheries Restoration Grant
Program; Friends of Long Marine Laboratory; The Earl and Ethel Myers
Oceanographic; Marine Biology Trust
FX We thank the many students, volunteers, and staff of the Southwest
Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Ecology Division, who made this
labor-intensive research possible. We also thank Mark Carr, Pete
Raimondi, Tish Conway-Cranos, and two anonymous reviewers for their
insightful comments. Scale-reading software and analysis assistance was
provided by Chris Donohoe. This research was made possible with funding
from the NMFS, the University of California Santa Cruz, Packard IMS
Endowment, the California Department of Fish and Game, Fisheries
Restoration Grant Program, the Friends of Long Marine Laboratory, and
The Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and f. Big Creek Lumber Co., the
Monterey Bay Salmon and Trout Project, and Cal Poly Swanton Pacific
Ranch provided logistic support and land access.
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PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 10
BP 2242
EP 2252
DI 10.1139/F08-131
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 361ZO
UT WOS:000260168000016
ER
PT J
AU DeBose, JL
Lema, SC
Nevitt, GA
AF DeBose, Jennifer L.
Lema, Sean C.
Nevitt, Gabrielle A.
TI Evidence that Planktivorous Fishes Aggregate to
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)
SO CHEMICAL SENSES
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 15th International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste
CY JUL 21-26, 2008
CL San Francisco, CA
C1 [DeBose, Jennifer L.; Nevitt, Gabrielle A.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Lema, Sean C.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA.
[DeBose, Jennifer L.] Flower Garden Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX USA.
NR 0
TC 1
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U1 0
U2 4
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0379-864X
J9 CHEM SENSES
JI Chem. Senses
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 33
IS 8
BP S57
EP S57
PG 1
WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences;
Physiology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences &
Neurology; Physiology
GA 359GE
UT WOS:000259973600226
ER
PT J
AU Ito, I
Ong, RC
Raman, B
Stopfer, M
AF Ito, Iori
Ong, Rose C.
Raman, Baranidharan
Stopfer, Mark
TI Sparse Odor Representation in the Mushroom Body and Associative Learning
SO CHEMICAL SENSES
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 15th International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste
CY JUL 21-26, 2008
CL San Francisco, CA
C1 [Ito, Iori; Ong, Rose C.; Raman, Baranidharan; Stopfer, Mark] NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Ong, Rose C.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Raman, Baranidharan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
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U1 0
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0379-864X
J9 CHEM SENSES
JI Chem. Senses
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 33
IS 8
BP S80
EP S80
PG 1
WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences;
Physiology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences &
Neurology; Physiology
GA 359GE
UT WOS:000259973600313
ER
PT J
AU Tuck, AF
Donaldson, DJ
Hitchman, MH
Richard, EC
Tervahattu, H
Vaida, V
Wilson, JC
AF Tuck, A. F.
Donaldson, D. J.
Hitchman, M. H.
Richard, E. C.
Tervahattu, H.
Vaida, V.
Wilson, J. C.
TI On geoengineering with sulphate aerosols in the tropical upper
troposphere and lower stratosphere
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDLATITUDE LOWER STRATOSPHERE; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; AIRCRAFT
OBSERVATIONS; IRREVERSIBLE TRANSPORT; RADIOACTIVE DEBRIS; OZONE;
TROPOPAUSE; EXCHANGE; AIR; CIRCULATION
AB This paper is in response to the Editorial Essay by Crutzen and the Editorial Comment by Cicerone in the August 2006 issue of Climatic Change. We reprise the evidence from atmospheric nuclear weapon testing in the 1950s and 1960s which is salient to the mooted maintenance of an artificial sulphate aerosol layer in the lower stratosphere, including a hitherto and now posthumous unpublished analysis of the W-185 Hardtack data. We also review recent investigations by ourselves, which have considerable bearing on some relevant questions concerning meteorological dynamics, aerosol chemistry and physics and the photodissociation of stratospheric sulphuric acid.
C1 [Tuck, A. F.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div 6, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Donaldson, D. J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
[Hitchman, M. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Richard, E. C.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Tervahattu, H.] Nord Envicon Oy, Helsinki, Finland.
[Vaida, V.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wilson, J. C.] Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
RP Tuck, AF (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div 6, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dr.adrian.tuck@sciencespectrum.co.uk
RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Vaida, Veronica/N-6069-2014; Donaldson,
James/G-7120-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056;
Donaldson, James/0000-0002-5090-3318;
NR 74
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U1 1
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
EI 1573-1480
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 90
IS 3
BP 315
EP 331
DI 10.1007/s10584-008-9411-3
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 348BU
UT WOS:000259186800007
ER
PT J
AU Giannini, A
Biasutti, M
Held, IM
Sobel, AH
AF Giannini, Alessandra
Biasutti, Michela
Held, Isaac M.
Sobel, Adam H.
TI A global perspective on African climate
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Review
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL
TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; SUB-SAHARAN DROUGHT; EL-NINO; INDIAN-OCEAN;
RAINFALL VARIABILITY; SAHEL RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY
AB We describe the global climate system context in which to interpret African environmental change to support planning and implementation of policymaking action at national, regional and continental scales, and to inform the debate between proponents of mitigation v. adaptation strategies in the face of climate change. We review recent advances and current challenges in African climate research and exploit our physical understanding of variability and trends to shape our outlook on future climate change. We classify the various mechanisms that have been proposed as relevant for understanding variations in African rainfall, emphasizing a "tropospheric stabilization" mechanism that is of importance on interannual time scales as well as for the future response to warming oceans. Two patterns stand out in our analysis of twentieth century rainfall variability: a drying of the monsoon regions, related to warming of the tropical oceans, and variability related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. The latest generation of climate models partly captures this recent continent-wide drying trend, attributing it to the combination of anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and greenhouse gases, the relative contribution of which is difficult to quantify with the existing model archive. The same climate models fail to reach a robust agreement regarding the twenty-first century outlook for African rainfall, in a future with increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing aerosol loadings. Such uncertainty underscores current limitations in our understanding of the global climate system that it is necessary to overcome if science is to support Africa in meeting its development goals.
C1 [Giannini, Alessandra] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Biasutti, Michela] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Giannini, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM alesall@iri.columbia.edu
RI Giannini, Alessandra/H-4403-2013; Biasutti, Michela/G-3804-2012; Sobel,
Adam/K-4014-2015; Giannini, Alessandra/F-7163-2016
OI Biasutti, Michela/0000-0001-6681-1533; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567;
Giannini, Alessandra/0000-0001-5425-4995
FU The Earth Institute at Columbia University's Cross-Cutting Initiative on
Climate and Society; NOAA [NA07GP0213, NAO30AR4320179]; David and Lucile
Packard Foundation
FX Jeffrey Sachs, David Battisti, Polly Ericksen, Tsegay Wolde-Georgis,
Jian Lu and Tom Delworth for their encouragement, and for sharing their
knowledge. Naomi Naik for her technical support, especially for her
patience in downloading model output. The Intergovermental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) and the Program for Climate Modeling Diagnosis and
Intercomparison (PCMDI) for making the model output available in
preparation of the IPCC's 4th Assessment Report. The Earth Institute at
Columbia University's Cross-Cutting Initiative on Climate and Society
(led by Mark Cane, Cynthia Rosenzweig and Steve Zebiak), NOAA (AG:
Office of Global Programs grant NA07GP0213, MB: grant NAO30AR4320179),
and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship (MB, AHS) for
their financial support.
NR 131
TC 111
Z9 112
U1 10
U2 50
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 90
IS 4
BP 359
EP 383
DI 10.1007/s10584-008-9396-y
PG 25
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 348BV
UT WOS:000259186900002
ER
PT J
AU Gerstle, W
Silling, S
Read, D
Tewary, V
Lehoucq, R
AF Gerstle, Walter
Silling, Stewart
Read, David
Tewary, Vinod
Lehoucq, Richard
TI Peridynamic Simulation of Electromigration
SO CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA
LA English
DT Article
DE computational Simulation; cracks; diffusion; electromigration; hillocks;
metallic thin films; microelectromechanical systems; multi-physics;
multi-scale; peridynamic; voids
ID ELECTROMECHANICALLY-INDUCED FAILURE; METALLIC THIN-FILMS;
GREENS-FUNCTION; CREEP FLOW; LINES; CU; DIFFUSION; INTERCONNECTIONS;
NANOSTRUCTURES; FORCES
AB A theoretical framework, based upon the peridynamic model, is presented for analytical and computational Simulation of electromigration. The framework allows four Coupled physical processes to be modeled simultaneously: mechanical deformation, heat transfer, electrical potential distribution, and vacancy diffusion. The dynamics of void and crack formation, and hillock and whisker growth can potentially be modeled. The framework can potentially be applied at several modeling scales: atomistic, crystallite, multiple crystallite, and macro. The conceptual simplicity of the model promises to permit many phenomena observed in microchips, including electromigration, thermo-mechanical crack formation, and fatigue crack formation, to be analyzed in a systematic and unified manner. Interfacial behavior between dissimilar crystallites and materials can also be handled in a natural way. A computational implementation of the theoretical framework is proposed, and a one-dimensional example is presented.
C1 [Gerstle, Walter] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Silling, Stewart; Lehoucq, Richard] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Read, David; Tewary, Vinod] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gerstle, W (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
FU University of New Mexico; National Institute of Standards and Technology
Office of Microelectronics Programs; Sandia National Laboratories
FX Financial support for the first author during his sabbatical leave from
the University of New Mexico, the National Institute of Standards and
Technology Office of Microelectronics Programs, and Sandia National
Laboratories is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 36
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 7
PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS
PI NORCROSS
PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA
SN 1546-2218
J9 CMC-COMPUT MATER CON
JI CMC-Comput. Mat. Contin.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 8
IS 2
BP 75
EP 92
PG 18
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics
GA 372QA
UT WOS:000260915000003
ER
PT J
AU Takahashi, F
Linteris, GT
Katta, VR
AF Takahashi, Fumiaki
Linteris, Gregory T.
Katta, Viswanath R.
TI Extinguishment of methane diffusion flames by carbon dioxide in coflow
air and oxygen-enriched microgravity environments
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Diffusion flame stabilization; Spacecraft fire suppression; Carbon
dioxide; Reaction kernel; Microgravity
ID REACTION KERNEL STRUCTURE; CUP-BURNER FLAMES; STABILIZATION; EXTINCTION;
MECHANISMS; LIMIT; FUEL
AB Microgravity experiments and computations have been conducted to elucidate stabilization and extinguishment mechanisms of methane diffusion flames, in the cup-burner configuration, with CO2 added gradually to a coflowing air or oxygen-enriched stream. The minimum extinguishing concentration of CO2 under low oxidizer velocities (<20 crn/s) was measured in microgravity achieved by parabolic flights of the NASA Reduced Gravity Aircraft. Transient computations with full chemistry and a gray-gas radiation model were performed to reveal the detailed flame structure and extinguishment processes. To compensate for the overestimation of radiative heat losses at high concentrations of radiating CO2, the Planck mean absorption coefficient was Multiplied by a correction factor (0 <= C <= 1). The fuel-lean peak reactivity spot (the so-called reaction kernel) at the flame base stabilized the trailing diffusion flame. The calculated temperature along the trailing flame decreased downstream due to radiative cooling, leading to local extinction at < 1300 K and flame tip opening. As CO2 was added to the oxidizer: (1) the calculated maximum flame temperature decreased toward a threshold (approximate to 1600 K); (2) the reaction kernel weakened (i.e., lower heat release rate) but nonetheless remained at a nearly constant temperature (approximate to 1450 K); (3) the flame base stabilized increasingly higher above the burner rim, parallel to the axis; until finally, (4) blowoff-type extinguishment occurred. In the lifted flame, the broadened reaction kernel supported a super-lean reaction branch on the oxidizer side as well as the trailing diffusion flame on the fuel-rich side (no triple flame structure was formed). (c) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Linteris, Gregory T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA.
RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM fxt13@case.edu
FU Office of Biological and Physical Research; Fire Prevention, Detection,
and Suppression Program in the Exploration Technology Development
Program Office; National Aeronautics and Space Agency, Washington
FX This research was supported by the Office of Biological and Physical
Research and the Fire Prevention, Detection, and Suppression Program in
the Exploration Technology Development Program Office, National
Aeronautics and Space Agency, Washington, DC. Assistance by Philip Werk,
Benjamin Chan, Jeffrey Taggart (Case Western Reserve University), David
Bennett (Jacobs Sverdrup), Mike Jamison (ZIN Technologies), Gary Ruff,
James Withlow, and John Yaniec (NASA) in conducting the experiment is
acknowledged.
NR 42
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 4
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 155
IS 1-2
BP 37
EP 53
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.005
PG 17
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 364VB
UT WOS:000260362400004
ER
PT J
AU Reid, ACE
Langer, SA
Lua, RC
Coffman, VR
Haan, SI
Garcia, RE
AF Reid, Andrew C. E.
Langer, Stephen A.
Lua, Rhonald C.
Coffman, Valerie R.
Haan, Seung-Ill
Garcia, R. Edwin
TI Image-based finite element mesh construction for material
microstructures
SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Meshing; Mesh refinement; Microstructures; Finite element modeling;
Shape quality; Homogeneity
ID DESIGN
AB One way of computing the macroscopic behavior of a material sample with complex microstructure is to construct a finite element model based on a micrograph of a representative slice of the material. The quality of the results produced with such a model obviously depends on the quality of the constructed mesh. In this article, we describe a set of routines that modify and improve the quality of a 2D mesh. Most of the routines are guided by an effective element "energy" functional, which takes into account the shape quality of the elements and the homogeneity of the elements as determined from an underlying segmented image. The interfaces and boundaries in the image arise naturally from the segmentation process. From these routines, we construct a close-to-automatic mesh generator that requires only a few inputs, such as the linear sizes of the largest and smallest features in the micrograph. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Reid, Andrew C. E.; Langer, Stephen A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lua, Rhonald C.; Coffman, Valerie R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Reid, Andrew C. E.] Comp Integrat & Programming Solut, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
[Haan, Seung-Ill] Samsung Corning Precis Glass, Asan, Chungnam Do, South Korea.
[Garcia, R. Edwin] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Langer, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM stephen.langer@nist.gov
RI Coffman, Valerie/B-6494-2009
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0205232]; US government
FX Rhonald Lua and Edwin Garcia were supported in part by the National
Science Foundation through Information Technology Research Grant
DMR-0205232. OOF2 was produced by NIST, an agency of the US government,
and by statute is not subject to copyright in the United States.
Recipients of the software assume all responsibilities associated with
its operation, modification and maintenance.
NR 16
TC 61
Z9 61
U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0927-0256
J9 COMP MATER SCI
JI Comput. Mater. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 43
IS 4
BP 989
EP 999
DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.02.016
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 372QR
UT WOS:000260916900051
ER
PT J
AU de Bruin, S
Heuvelink, GBM
Brown, JD
AF de Bruin, S.
Heuvelink, G. B. M.
Brown, J. D.
TI Propagation of positional measurement errors to agricultural field
boundaries and associated costs
SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE GPS; path planning; geostatistics; temporal correlation; stochastic
simulation; GIS
ID UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; AUTOMATIC GUIDANCE; VEHICLES; GSTAT;
GIS
AB It has been argued that the upcoming targeted approach to managing field operations, or precision farming, requires that field boundaries are measured with cm level accuracy, thus avoiding losses such as wasted inputs, unharvested crops and inefficient use of the land. This paper demonstrates a method for verification of such claims, based on a statistical model that accounts for temporal correlation in positional measurement errors. our implementation employs the Data Uncertainty Enine (DUE) which is free sofware that aids the user in defining probability distributions for uncertain spatial objects, and draws random samples from these distributions. A case study concerning the financial consequences of uncertain geometry for a farmer who uses a digital map to optimise field operations for 15 ha of a potato crop is presented. The error model was parameterised on measurement scenarios representing (1) the Dutch registry of agricultural fields; (2) differential GPS-based field checks for verification of area declarations; and (3) special purpose Real Time Kinematic (RTK)-GPS surveys. We found that a farmer who has a manually digitised map of the study area would benefit from a RTK-GPS survey in a single crop year if the survey would cost less than (sic) 442. An independent test case showed that the results of the error model were consistent with field data. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [de Bruin, S.] Wageningen Univ, Ctr Geoinformat, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Heuvelink, G. B. M.] Wageningen Univ, Landscape Ctr, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Brown, J. D.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP de Bruin, S (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Ctr Geoinformat, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
EM sytze.debruin@wur.nl; gerard.heuvelink@wur.nl; james.d.brown@noaa.gov
RI de Bruin, Sytze/N-1183-2014;
OI de Bruin, Sytze/0000-0002-6884-2832
NR 35
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0168-1699
J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR
JI Comput. Electron. Agric.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 63
IS 2
BP 245
EP 256
DI 10.1016/j.compag.2008.03.005
PG 12
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications
SC Agriculture; Computer Science
GA 336MI
UT WOS:000258367600016
ER
PT J
AU Matishov, GG
Matishov, DG
Berdnikov, SV
Sorokina, VV
Levitus, S
Smolyar, IV
AF Matishov, G. G.
Matishov, D. G.
Berdnikov, S. V.
Sorokina, V. V.
Levitus, S.
Smolyar, I. V.
TI Secular Climate Fluctuations in the Sea of Azov Region (Based on
Thermohaline Data over 120 Years)
SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Matishov, G. G.; Matishov, D. G.; Berdnikov, S. V.; Sorokina, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, So Res Ctr, Rostov Na Donu 344006, Russia.
[Matishov, G. G.; Matishov, D. G.] Russian Acad Sci, Kola Res Ctr, Murmansk Marine Biol Inst, Murmansk 183010, Russia.
[Levitus, S.; Smolyar, I. V.] NOAA, Ocean Climate Lab, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, E OC5, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Matishov, GG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, So Res Ctr, Pr Chekhova 41, Rostov Na Donu 344006, Russia.
EM sorokina@mmbi.krinc.ru
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 6
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1028-334X
J9 DOKL EARTH SCI
JI Dokl. Earth Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 422
IS 1
BP 1101
EP 1104
DI 10.1134/S1028334X08070222
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 360UP
UT WOS:000260083700022
ER
PT J
AU Gillette, DA
Ono, D
AF Gillette, Dale A.
Ono, Duane
TI Expressing sand supply limitation using a modified Owen saltation
equation
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
LA English
DT Article
DE sand transport; supply limitation; saltation
ID WIND EROSION; TRANSPORT
AB An analysis of saltation data led us to modify the theory of P. R. Owen using a soil-related parameter 'A' that gave us the possibility of expressing limitation of sand grains of saltation-size in the underlying soil. The value of 'A' was set equal to the ratio of the horizontal flux of saltating particles to Owen's function of wind, times air density divided by gravitational acceleration. Values of A can be used to: (1) characterize the efficiency of the wind to move sand by saltation for different soil textures and aggregations; and (2) to make practical predictions of sand movement based on the condition of the surface soil. Values for A in a range from 1 to 10 are usually associated with supply-unlimited saltation and are usually associated with loose, sandy-textured soils. Values for A in a range front 0.25 to 1 are associated with finer soils that contain more silt and clay. The range of A values between 0 and 0.25 usually reflects finer textured soils that are packed, aggregated, or crusted. A decrease of A to a smaller value is a sign of supply limitation and usually to the soil changing front a looser state to a more aggregated state or more depleted state. Likewise, an increase of A usually corresponds to soil changing front an aggregated state to a looser state. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Gillette, Dale A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Ono, Duane] Great Basin Unified Air Pollut Control Dist, Bishop, CA 95314 USA.
RP Gillette, DA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM Daleagillette@bellsouth.net
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0197-9337
J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND
JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 33
IS 12
BP 1806
EP 1813
DI 10.1002/esp.1736
PG 8
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 371DA
UT WOS:000260810800002
ER
PT J
AU Zangmeister, CD
Bertocci, U
Beauchamp, CR
Stafford, GR
AF Zangmeister, C. D.
Bertocci, U.
Beauchamp, C. R.
Stafford, G. R.
TI In situ stress measurements during the electrochemical
adsorption/desorption of self-assembled monolayers
SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 58th Annual Meeting of the International-Society-of-Electrochemisty
CY SEP 10-14, 2007
CL Banff, CANADA
SP Int Soc Electrochem
DE surface stress; self-assembled monolayers; EQNB; wafer curvature;
reductive desorption
ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE;
SURFACE-CONFINED MONOLAYERS; PHASE PROBE MOLECULES; REDUCTIVE
DESORPTION; 4-MERCAPTOBENZOIC ACID; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION;
ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; MERCAPTOBENZOIC ACID; IONIC INTERACTIONS
AB This paper examines the surface stress associated with the electrochemical desorption of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) from (111) textured Au in aqueous 0.1 mol L-1 KOH. Self-assenibled monolayers of varying coverage were adsorbed onto the An electrode surface from a 0.1 mol L-1 aqueous KOH solution containing 1 mmol L-1 4-MBA. Adsorption follows Langmuir kinetics and fully formed monolayers, corresponding to 0.29 coverage with respect to the Au surface, are formed in about 120 min. XP spectra confirm the formation of the Au-S bond while FTIR spectra indicate that the 4-MBA is orientated With the carboxylate pointed away from the surface. The one-electron reductive desorption of 4-MBA Occurs at a potential of -0.9 to -1.0 V vs. SSE. depending on coverage, and causes a surface stress change in the tensile direction, indicating that 4-MBA adsorption induces a compressive surface stress to the Au. At short immersion times and low monolayer coverage. the surface stress increases with coverage as the stress response is primarily governed by the Au-S bond density. SAM desorption following longer immersion times produces large stress changes with little corresponding change in SAM coverage. We attribute the additional compressive stress to stabilization of the Au-S bonding regions and the coulombic repulsion between neighboring molecules, both associated with ordering of the 4-MBA on the An surface. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Bertocci, U.; Beauchamp, C. R.; Stafford, G. R.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zangmeister, C. D.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stafford, GR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gery.stafford@nist.gov
NR 57
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-4686
J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA
JI Electrochim. Acta
PD OCT 1
PY 2008
VL 53
IS 23
SI SI
BP 6778
EP 6786
DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.013
PG 9
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA 345DE
UT WOS:000258975400014
ER
PT J
AU Danger, G
Ross, D
AF Danger, Gregoire
Ross, David
TI Chiral separation with gradient elution isotachophoresis for future in
situ extraterrestrial analysis
SO ELECTROPHORESIS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Microscale Separations and
Analysis
CY DEC 17-19, 2007
CL Singapore, SINGAPORE
DE Amino acids; Biomarkers; Chiral separation; Isotachophoresis
ID ELECTRIC-FIELD GRADIENT; CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; LASER-INDUCED
FLUORESCENCE; CELLULOSE-ACETATE MEMBRANES; INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS;
AMINO-ACID-ANALYSIS; COUNTERFLOW ISOTACHOPHORESIS; DISPLACEMENT
ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROFOCUSING TECHNIQUES; GEL ISOTACHOPHORESIS
AB The first results of chiral separations with the gradient elution isotachophoresis method are presented. As previously described, citrate is used in the run buffer as the leading ion and borate in the sample buffer as the terminating ion. Modulation of parameters such as electrolyte pH, pressure scan rate, chiral selector concentration, combinations of CD or the percentage of ampholytes provides an easy optimization of the separations. To perform fluorescent detection 5-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester and two fluorogenic-labeling agents, fluorescamine (Fluram) and 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quirioline-2carboxaldehyde, are used to label amino acids. With the 5-carboxyfluorescein amino acids, chiral separations are easily obtained using a neutral CD ((2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-CD) at a low concentration (2 mmol/L). With Fluram amino acids, the situation is more complicated due to the formation of diastereoisomers and due to weak interactions with the different CDs used. The use of the 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde-labeling agent solves the problems observed with the Fluram agent while retaining the fluorogenic properties. These first results demonstrate the simplicity and the feasibility of gradient elution isotachophoresis for chiral separations.
C1 [Danger, Gregoire; Ross, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ross, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, NIST 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.ross@nist.gov
RI Danger, Gregoire/F-1425-2010
NR 61
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 13
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0173-0835
J9 ELECTROPHORESIS
JI Electrophoresis
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 19
BP 4036
EP 4044
DI 10.1002/elps.200700950
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 374NB
UT WOS:000261049400012
PM 18958896
ER
PT J
AU Morris, JA
Freshwater, DW
AF Morris, James A., Jr.
Freshwater, D. Wilson
TI Phenotypic variation of lionfish supraocular tentacles
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Pterois volitans; Pterois miles; Lionfish; Peacock-feather tentacles;
Signal
ID PTEROIS-VOLITANS; ATLANTIC COAST; SCORPAENIDAE; INVASION
AB A previous observation suggested that a novel phenotype of lionfish supraocular tentacle is evolving rapidly in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. We confirm the existence of this phenotype in high prevalence in invasive populations of lionfish in the Western North Atlantic. Observations of individual lionfish from the Atlantic populations indicate that supraocular tentacles are more prevalent on juvenile and young adult lionfish suggesting this characteristic is size specific and is not associated with a genetic lineage. The high prevalence of this novel phenotype in the Atlantic may be a founder effect rather than continued selection. Genetic analysis further supports this conclusion as this phenotype is present in two Pterois species found in the Atlantic.
C1 [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Freshwater, D. Wilson] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
RP Morris, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM James.Morris@noaa.gov
FU Reef Environmental Education Foundation; NOAA Invasive Species Program;
Center for Marine Science DNA Algal Trust
FX The authors thank L. Akins and the Reef Environmental Education
Foundation for their gracious support, and B. Purdy and Blackbeard's
Cruises for facilitating the collection of Bahamian specimens. We are
also very grateful to P. Whitfield, D. Kesling, J. Styron, C. Addison,
B. Degan, R. Mays, J. Hackney, R. Munoz, K. Brennan, J. Vander-Pluym,
and B. Teer for collection assistance. We thank L. Vitale (Fig. la) and
S. Sy (Fig. 1 b) who provided photographs and D. Ahrenholz, D. Evans, J.
Govoni, and E. Williams whose reviews significantly improved this
manuscript. This work was funded in part by the NOAA Invasive Species
Program and Friends of the Center for Marine Science DNA Algal Trust.
Mention of brand names or manufacturer does not imply endorsement by the
US Federal Government.
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 83
IS 2
BP 237
EP 241
DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9326-2
PG 5
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 360SF
UT WOS:000260077300018
ER
PT J
AU Beaver, MR
Garland, RM
Hasenkopf, CA
Baynard, T
Ravishankara, AR
Tolbert, MA
AF Beaver, Melinda R.
Garland, Rebecca M.
Hasenkopf, Christa A.
Baynard, Tahllee
Ravishankara, A. R.
Tolbert, Margaret A.
TI A laboratory investigation of the relative humidity dependence of light
extinction by organic compounds from lignin combustion
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE aerosol optical properties; relative humidity; biomass burning
ID PULSED CAVITY RING; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES;
AMMONIUM-SULFATE; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSIONS
AB Light extinction by atmospheric particles is strongly dependent on the size, chemical composition, and water content of the aerosol. Since light extinction by particles directly impacts climate and visibility, measurements of the extinction at various relative humidities (RHs) are needed. In this work, the optical growth factors, f RHext (80% RH, Dry) have been measured using cavity ring-down aerosol extinction spectroscopy at 532 nm for particles of varying organic/sulfate compositions. Specifically, slightly soluble, multifunctional aromatic compounds resulting from biomass burning have been investigated. In general, the organic compounds studied exhibit much smaller optical growth than inorganic compounds such as ammonium sulfate. Also, a linear relationship between mass fraction organic and optical growth has been observed for most organic compounds studied, in agreement with previous studies of more water-soluble organics. The role of particle density for mixtures that do not follow a linear relationship is also explored.
C1 [Beaver, Melinda R.; Garland, Rebecca M.; Hasenkopf, Christa A.; Baynard, Tahllee; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, UCB 216, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Beaver, Melinda R.; Garland, Rebecca M.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, UCB 215, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hasenkopf, Christa A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Baynard, Tahllee; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Tolbert, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, UCB 216, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM margaret.tolbert@colorado.edu
RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011;
OI Garland, Rebecca/0000-0002-1855-8622
FU NASA [NNG06GE79G]; EPA STAR [FP-91654601]; United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
FX The authors acknowledge financial support from NASA under grant No.
NNG06GE79G. MRB was supported by an EPA STAR graduate research
fellowship (FP-91654601). The research described in this paper has been
funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship
Program. The EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the
views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA.
NR 22
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 17
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-9326
J9 ENVIRON RES LETT
JI Environ. Res. Lett.
PD OCT-DEC
PY 2008
VL 3
IS 4
AR 045003
DI 10.1088/1748-9326/3/4/045003
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 442YW
UT WOS:000265878400013
ER
PT J
AU Cessna, JT
Zimmerman, BE
King, LE
AF Cessna, J. T.
Zimmerman, B. E.
King, L. E.
TI Primary Activity Standardization of Radium-223
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Cessna, J. T.; Zimmerman, B. E.; King, L. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1619-7070
J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I
JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 35
SU 2
BP S325
EP S325
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA V28OS
UT WOS:000208690701564
ER
PT J
AU El Fakhri, G
Fulton, R
Gray, JE
Marengo, M
Zimmerman, BE
Palm, S
McLean, DI
Dondi, M
AF El Fakhri, G.
Fulton, R.
Gray, J. E.
Marengo, M.
Zimmerman, B. E.
Palm, S.
McLean, D. I.
Dondi, M.
TI IAEA sets new standards for QA/QC of PET-CT scanners
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [El Fakhri, G.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Fulton, R.] Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Gray, J. E.] DIQUAD LLC, Steger, IL USA.
[Marengo, M.] Univ Hosp S Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
[Zimmerman, B. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Palm, S.; McLean, D. I.; Dondi, M.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1619-7070
J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I
JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 35
SU 2
BP S340
EP S340
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA V28OS
UT WOS:000208690702024
ER
PT J
AU Zimmerman, BE
Cessna, J
Fitzgerald, R
AF Zimmerman, B. E.
Cessna, J.
Fitzgerald, R.
TI Development of Calibrated Radioactivity Standards for Quantitative PET
Imaging
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.; Cessna, J.; Fitzgerald, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1619-7070
J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I
JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 35
SU 2
BP S333
EP S333
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA V28OS
UT WOS:000208690701607
ER
PT J
AU Ludlow, AD
Blatt, S
Zelevinsky, T
Campbell, GK
Martin, MJ
Thomsen, JW
Boyd, MM
Ye, J
AF Ludlow, A. D.
Blatt, S.
Zelevinsky, T.
Campbell, G. K.
Martin, M. J.
Thomsen, J. W.
Boyd, M. M.
Ye, J.
TI Ultracold strontium clock: Applications to the measurement of
fundamental constant variations
SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL LATTICE; FREQUENCY; STABILIZATION; COMPACT; CAVITY
AB We describe the application of high accuracy Sr spectroscopy to the measurement of the variation of the fundamental constants of nature. We first describe recent progress of the JILA Sr optical frequency standard, with a systematic uncertainty evaluation at the 10(-16) fractional frequency level. Using recent internationally based measurements of the Sr clock frequency, we show improved constraints of gravitational and temporal changes in the. ne structure constant and the electron-proton mass ratio. Finally, we describe how ultracold atomic strontium, confined in an optical lattice, can be associated into molecular dimers and be used for a model-independent measurement of the variation of the electron-proton mass ratio.
C1 [Ludlow, A. D.; Blatt, S.; Zelevinsky, T.; Campbell, G. K.; Martin, M. J.; Thomsen, J. W.; Boyd, M. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Thomsen, J. W.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ludlow@jila.colorado.edu
RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt,
Sebastian/F-8986-2012; Thomsen, Jan W./M-9087-2016
OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Blatt,
Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967; Thomsen, Jan W./0000-0003-3423-6989
NR 42
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 10
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1951-6355
J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP
JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 163
BP 9
EP 18
DI 10.1140/epjst/e2008-00806-8
PG 10
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 372GG
UT WOS:000260889500002
ER
PT J
AU Lorini, L
Ashby, N
Brusch, A
Diddams, S
Drullinger, R
Eason, E
Fortier, T
Hastings, P
Heavner, T
Hume, D
Itano, W
Jefferts, S
Newbury, N
Parker, T
Rosenband, T
Stalnaker, J
Swann, W
Wineland, D
Bergquist, J
AF Lorini, L.
Ashby, N.
Brusch, A.
Diddams, S.
Drullinger, R.
Eason, E.
Fortier, T.
Hastings, P.
Heavner, T.
Hume, D.
Itano, W.
Jefferts, S.
Newbury, N.
Parker, T.
Rosenband, T.
Stalnaker, J.
Swann, W.
Wineland, D.
Bergquist, J.
TI Recent atomic clock comparisons at NIST
SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS; FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; FRACTIONAL
UNCERTAINTY; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; REPETITION RATE; HG-199(+) ION;
LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE; STABILIZATION
AB The record of atomic clock frequency comparisons at NIST over the past half-decade provides one of the tightest constraints of any present-day temporal variations of the fundamental constants. Notably, the 6-year record of increasingly precise measurements of the absolute frequency of the Hg(+) single-ion optical clock (using the cesium primary frequency standard NIST-F1) constrains the temporal variation of the. ne structure constant a to less than 2 . 10(-16) yr(-1) and offers a Local Position Invariance test in the framework of General Relativity. The most recent measurement of the frequency ratio of the Al(+) and Hg+ optical clocks is reported with a fractional frequency uncertainty of +/- 5.2 . 10(-17). The record of such measurements over the last year sensitively tests for a temporal variation of a and constrains. (alpha) over dot/alpha = (-1.6 +/- 2.3) . 10(-17) yr(-1), consistent with zero.
C1 [Lorini, L.; Ashby, N.; Brusch, A.; Diddams, S.; Drullinger, R.; Eason, E.; Fortier, T.; Hastings, P.; Heavner, T.; Hume, D.; Itano, W.; Jefferts, S.; Newbury, N.; Parker, T.; Rosenband, T.; Stalnaker, J.; Swann, W.; Wineland, D.; Bergquist, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Lorini, L.] INRiM, Ist Nazl Ric Met, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
[Stalnaker, J.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA.
RP Lorini, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM l.lorini@inrim.it
RI Brusch, Anders/B-1027-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
NR 62
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 10
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1951-6355
J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP
JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 163
BP 19
EP 35
DI 10.1140/epjst/e2008-00807-7
PG 17
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 372GG
UT WOS:000260889500003
ER
PT J
AU Kim, SK
Reddy, SK
Nelson, BC
Robinson, H
Reddy, PT
Ladner, JE
AF Kim, Sook-Kyung
Reddy, Sathyavelu K.
Nelson, Bryant C.
Robinson, Howard
Reddy, Prasad T.
Ladner, Jane E.
TI A comparative biochemical and structural analysis of the intracellular
chorismate mutase (Rv0948c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)R(v)
and the secreted chorismate mutase (y2828) from Yersinia pestis
SO FEBS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE chorismate mutase; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; pathogenesis; shikimate
pathway; Yersinia pestis
ID AROMATIC-AMINO-ACIDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GENOME SEQUENCE; RV1885C;
ENZYME
AB The Rv0948c gene from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)R(v) encodes a 90 amino acid protein as the natural gene product with chorismate mutase (CM) activity. The protein, 90-MtCM, exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a k(cat) of 5.5 +/- 0.2 s(-1) and a K(m) of 1500 +/- 100 mu M at 37 degrees C and pH 7.5. The 2.0 angstrom X-ray structure shows that 90-MtCM is an all alpha-helical homodimer (Protein Data Bank ID: 2QBV) with the topology of Escherichia coli CM (EcCM), and that both protomers contribute to each catalytic site. Superimposition onto the structure of EcCM and the sequence alignment shows that the C-terminus helix 3 is shortened. The absence of two residues in the active site of 90-MtCM corresponding to Ser84 and Gln88 of EcCM appears to be one reason for the low k(cat). Hence, 90-MtCM belongs to a subfamily of alpha-helical AroQ CMs termed AroQ(delta.) The CM gene (y2828) from Yersinia pestis encodes a 186 amino acid protein with an N-terminal signal peptide that directs the protein to the periplasm. The mature protein, *YpCM, exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a k(cat) of 70 +/- 5 s(-1) and K(m) of 500 +/- 50 mu M at 37 degrees C and pH 7.5. The 2.1 angstrom X-ray structure shows that *YpCM is an all alpha-helical protein, and functions as a homodimer, and that each protomer has an independent catalytic unit (Protein Data Bank ID: 2GBB). *YpCM belongs to the AroQ(gamma) class of CMs, and is similar to the secreted CM (Rv1885c, *MtCM) from M. tuberculosis.
C1 [Kim, Sook-Kyung; Reddy, Sathyavelu K.; Nelson, Bryant C.; Robinson, Howard; Reddy, Prasad T.; Ladner, Jane E.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Reddy, PT (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Bldg 227,Rm B244, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM prasad.reddy@nist.gov; jane.ladner@nist.gov
NR 35
TC 9
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1742-464X
J9 FEBS J
JI FEBS J.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 275
IS 19
BP 4824
EP 4835
DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06621.x
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 348KO
UT WOS:000259209600015
PM 18727669
ER
PT J
AU Schindler, DE
Augerot, X
Fleishman, E
Mantua, NJ
Riddell, B
Ruckelshaus, M
Seeb, J
Webster, M
AF Schindler, Daniel E.
Augerot, Xan
Fleishman, Erica
Mantua, Nathan J.
Riddell, Brian
Ruckelshaus, Mary
Seeb, Jim
Webster, Michael
TI Climate Change, Ecosystem Impacts, and Management for Pacific Salmon
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; OCEAN; REGIME;
ALASKA; PRODUCTIVITY; RESTORATION; COMPETITION; PATTERNS
AB As climate change intensifies, there is increasing interest in developing models that reduce uncertainties in projections of global climate and refine these projections to finer spatial scales. Forecasts of climate impacts on ecosystems are far more challenging and their uncertainties even larger because of a limited understanding of physical controls on biological systems. Management and conservation plans that explicitly account for changing climate are rare and even those generally rely on retrospective analyses rather than future scenarios of climatic conditions and associated responses of specific ecosystems. Using past biophysical relationships as a guide to predicting the impacts of future climate change assumes that the observed relationships will remain constant. However, this assumption involves a long chain of uncertainty about future greenhouse gas emissions, climate sensitivity to changes in greenhouse gases, and the ecological consequences of climate change. These uncertainties in forecasting biological responses to changing climate highlight the need for resource management and conservation policies that are robust to unknowns and responsive to change. We Suggest how policy might develop despite substantial uncertainties about the future state of salmon ecosystems.
C1 [Schindler, Daniel E.; Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Augerot, Xan] Pangaea Environm, Corvallis, OR USA.
[Fleishman, Erica] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Conservat & Resource Management Program, Santa Barbara, CA USA.
[Riddell, Brian] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
[Ruckelshaus, Mary] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Webster, Michael] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, San Francisco, CA USA.
RP Schindler, DE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM deschind@u.washington.edu
NR 26
TC 48
Z9 47
U1 3
U2 33
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
EI 1548-8446
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 33
IS 10
BP 502
EP 506
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-33.10.502
PG 5
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 378IQ
UT WOS:000261314800007
ER
PT J
AU Linton, BC
Bence, JR
AF Linton, Brian C.
Bence, James R.
TI Evaluating methods for estimating process and observation error
variances in statistical catch-at-age analysis
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE stock assessment; statistical catch-at-age analysis; process and
observation errors; Bayesian inference; variance estimation; integrated
assessment
ID IMPORTANCE RESAMPLING ALGORITHM; STOCK ASSESSMENT; GENERAL FRAMEWORK;
ASSESSMENT MODELS; INFORMATION; UNIT
AB Statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA) allows analysts to explicitly account for process and observation errors in their stock assessment models. The variances associated with these errors are important because they weight the different data and error sources during the model fitting process. Misspecification of the error variances can lead to biased estimates of key management quantities. Values for the error variances commonly are obtained separately from SCAA and treated as known in the subsequent analysis. The advantages of estimating the error variances within SCAA include that all of the data available to the analysis can be synthesized to obtain the variance estimates and, with some methods, uncertainty surrounding the variance estimates can be quantified. We evaluated alternative approaches for estimating log catchability (process error) and log total catch (observation error) standard deviations within SCAA using Monte Carlo simulations: an ad hoc approach that tunes the model predicted log total catch standard deviation to match a prior value, and a Bayesian approach using either strongly or weakly informative priors for log catchability standard deviation. The Bayesian approach using strongly informative priors outperformed the other approaches in estimating the log total catch and log catchability standard deviations, as well as estimating biomass in the last year of analysis. The ad hoc approach produced misleading results which could indicate that total variance (i.e., process error variance plus observation error variance) was well estimated when, in fact, total variance was underestimated. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Linton, Brian C.; Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Linton, BC (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Brian.Linton@noaa.gov
RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017
OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X
FU Michigan Department of Natural Resources [230713, 236102]; U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service
FX We would like to thank D. Hayes, M. Jones, and G. Rosa from Michigan
State University, C. Porch, V. Restrepo, and A. Chester from the
Southeast Fisheries Science Center, as well as, the editor and two
anonymous reviewers for their comments which have improved this
manuscript. This manuscript is publication 2008-20 of the Quantitative
Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. This project was funded
through studies 230713 and 236102 of the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources, with funding from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service sport fish
restoration program project F-80-R. This research was completed in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Philosophy
degree at Michigan State University.
NR 23
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 94
IS 1
BP 26
EP 35
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.06.014
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 356QE
UT WOS:000259791900004
ER
PT J
AU Kaimmer, S
Stoner, AW
AF Kaimmer, Steve
Stoner, Allan W.
TI Field investigation of rare-earth metal as a deterrent to spiny dogfish
in the Pacific halibut fishery
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE mischmetal; shark; longline; Pacific halibut; deterrent
ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; BEHAVIOR; SHARKS; OCEAN
AB Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) comprise a Significant unwanted bycatch on demersal longlines set for halibut, sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in shelf waters of the east and west coasts of North America. Recently. rare-earth magnets and metals have been shown to have deterrent effects on sharks. These effects are likely the result of magnetic or electric fields created by these materials in seawater, which are sensed and avoided by sharks. Our earlier laboratory studies showed that attack rates by spiny dogfish on baits protected with cerium mischmetal (a rare-earth alloy) were reduced and Suggested that this metal might reduce unwanted bycatch of spiny dogfish in setline fishing for Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). We conducted a field study near Homer, Alaska in September 2007 with three hook treatments interspersed on 36 longline sets. These included standard circle hooks used in the halibut fishery, hooks with small pieces of cerium mischmetal attached above the hook. and hooks with a similar (but inert) mild steel piece above the hook. Fewer dogfish were caught on hooks with mischmetal than on either of the two other treatments. Reductions in catch of longnose skate (Raja rhina) also occurred on hooks protected with mischmetal. However, halibut catch did not increase with protected hooks. Limitations in using mischmetal in commercial operations are expense, hazardous nature, and relatively rapid hydrolysis in seawater. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kaimmer, Steve] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Kaimmer, S (reprint author), Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, 1503 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM stevek@iphc.washington.edu
FU International Pacific Halibut Commission; NOAA Bycatch Reduction Program
FX we continue to appreciate the help and support of Eric Stroud (Shark
Defense, LLC) for background and guidance in our experiments. we are
grateful to Doug Alldridge (Yaquina Boat Equipment, Toledo, Oregon),
Rich Titgen and Paul Iseri for cutting and drilling the metals for this
project, and to Ray Webster (IPHC) for assistance with statistical
treatment of the data. We also would like to acknowledge the expert help
of the owner, Don Lane, and crew of the F/V Predator, Homer, Alaska.
This research was conducted with funding from the International Pacific
Halibut Commission and the NOAA Bycatch Reduction Program.
NR 16
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 94
IS 1
BP 43
EP 47
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.06.015
PG 5
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 356QE
UT WOS:000259791900006
ER
PT J
AU Stoner, AW
Rose, CS
Munk, JE
Hammond, CF
Davis, MW
AF Stoner, Allan W.
Rose, Craig S.
Munk, J. Eric
Hammond, Carwyn F.
Davis, Michael W.
TI An assessment of discard mortality for two Alaskan crab species, Tanner
crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) and snow crab (C. opilio), based on reflex
impairment
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; NORWAY LOBSTER; AIR EXPOSURE; FISHERY; KING;
SABLEFISH; RESPONSES; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; CAPTURE
AB Delayed mortality associated with discarded crabs and fishes has ordinarily been observed through tag and recovery studies or during prolonged holding in deck tanks, and there is need for a more efficient assessment method. Chionoecetes bairdi (Tanner crab) and C. opilio (snow crab) collected with bottom trawls in Bering Sea waters off Alaska were evaluated for reflexes and injuries and held onboard to track mortality. Presence or absence of six reflex actions was determined and combined to calculate a reflex impairment index for each species. Logistic regression revealed that reflex impairment provided an excellent predictor of delayed mortality in C. opilio (91% correct predictions). For C. bairdi, reflex impairment, along with injury score, resulted in 82.7% correct predictions of mortality, and reflex impairment alone resulted in 79.5% correct predictions. The relationships between reflex impairment score and mortality were independent of crab gender, size, and shell condition, and predicted mortality in crabs with no obvious external damage. These relationships provide substantial improvement over earlier predictors of mortality and will help to increase the scope and replication of fishing and handling experiments. The general approach of using reflex actions to predict mortality should be equally valuable for a wide range of crustacean species.
C1 [Stoner, Allan W.; Davis, Michael W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Rose, Craig S.; Hammond, Carwyn F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Engn Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Munk, J. Eric] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Shellfish Assessment Program, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM Al.Stoner@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Byeatch Reduction
Program; North Pacific Research Board
FX This project was funded in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Byeatch Reduction Program and the North Pacific Research
Board. D. King and J. Smart prepared the recapture nets, S. McEntire
assisted with electronics, S. McDermott loaned the deck boxes for
holding crabs, and S. Walters and K.-H. Lee participated in the field
study. We are grateful to Captain R. Haddon and crew of the FV Pacific
Explorer for assistance with tank set-ups and handling our
unconventional fishing gear. T. Hurst provided suggestions on
statistical approach and anonymous reviewers helped to improve the
manuscript.
NR 28
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 4
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 106
IS 4
BP 337
EP 347
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 371YG
UT WOS:000260868000001
ER
PT J
AU Rodgveller, CJ
Lunsford, CR
Fujioka, JT
AF Rodgveller, Cara J.
Lunsford, Chris R.
Fujioka, Jeffrey T.
TI Evidence of hook competition in longline surveys
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID SABLEFISH ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; SELECTIVITY;
FISHERY; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; GREENLAND; ATLANTIC; TRAWL; GEAR
AB Catch rates from surveys are used as indices of abundance for many fish species. Relative abundance estimates from surveys with longline gear do not usually account for possible effects of gear saturation, which potentially creates competition among fish for baited hooks and misrepresentations of abundance trends. We examined correlations between catch rates of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) and giant grenadier (Albatrossia pectoralis) and between sablefish and shortraker (Sebastes borealis) and rougheye rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus) from 25 years of longline surveys in Alaska waters for evidence of competition for hooks. Sablefish catch rates were negatively correlated with giant grenadier catch rates in all management areas in Alaskan waters, and sablefish and rockfish were negatively correlated in five of the six areas, indicating that there is likely competition for hooks during longline surveys. Comparative analyses were done for trawl survey catch rates, and no negative correlations were observed, indicating that the negative correlations on the longline surveys are not due to differing habitat preferences or direct competition. Available adjustments for gear saturation may be biased if the probability of capture does not decrease linearly with baited hooks. A better understanding of each fish species' catch probabilities on longline gear are needed before adjustments for hook competition can be made.
C1 [Rodgveller, Cara J.; Lunsford, Chris R.; Fujioka, Jeffrey T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Rodgveller, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM Cara.Rodgveller@noaa.gov
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 4
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 106
IS 4
BP 364
EP 374
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 371YG
UT WOS:000260868000003
ER
PT J
AU Kastelle, CR
Anderl, DM
Kimura, DK
Johnston, CG
AF Kastelle, Craig R.
Anderl, Delsa M.
Kimura, Daniel K.
Johnston, Chris G.
TI Age validation of Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) by means of bomb
radiocarbon
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-PINNIGER;
QUALITY-CONTROL; NORTH PACIFIC; LEAD-RADIUM; OTOLITHS; ALASKA; GULF;
PLEURONECTIDS; PAUCISPINIS
AB We used bomb radiocarbon (C-14) in this age validation study of Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus). The otoliths of Dover sole, a commercially important fish in the North Pacific, are difficult to age and ages derived from the current break-and-burn method were not previously validated. The otoliths used in this study were chosen on the basis of estimated birth year and for the ease of interpreting growth zone patterns. Otolith cores, material representing years 0 through 3, were isolated and analyzed for C-14. Additionally, a small number of otoliths with difficult-to-interpret growth patterns were analyzed for C-14 to help determine age interpretation. The measured Dover sole C-14 values in easier-to-interpret otoliths were compared with a C-14. reference chronology for Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the North Pacific, We used an objective statistical analysis where sums of squared residuals between otolith C-14 values of Dover sole and the reference chronology were examined. Our statistical analysis also included a procedure where the Dover sole C-14 values were standardized to the reference chronology. These procedures allowed an evaluation of aging error. The C-14 results indicated that the Dover sole age estimates from the easier-to-interpret otoliths with the break-and-burn method are accurate. This study validated Dover sole ages from 8 to 47 years.
C1 [Kastelle, Craig R.; Anderl, Delsa M.; Kimura, Daniel K.; Johnston, Chris G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Kastelle, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Craig.Kastelle@noaa.gov
NR 34
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 106
IS 4
BP 375
EP 385
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 371YG
UT WOS:000260868000004
ER
PT J
AU Kane, EA
Olson, PA
Gerrodette, T
Fiedler, PC
AF Kane, Emily A.
Olson, Paula A.
Gerrodette, Tim
Fiedler, Paul C.
TI Prevalence of the commensal barnacle Xenobalanus globicipitis on
cetacean species in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, and a review of
global occurrence
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; EPIZOIC BARNACLES;
WHALE BARNACLES; BIOLOGY; BALANOMORPHA; CIRRIPEDIA; MEXICO; COAST; GULF
AB Distribution and prevalence of the phoretic barnacle Xenobalanus on cetacean species are reported for 22 cetaceans in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (21 million km(2)). Four cetacean species are newly reported hosts for Xenobalanus: Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni), long-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus capensis), humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), and spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris). Sightings of Xenobalanus in pelagic waters are reported for the first time, and concentrations were located within three productive zones: near the Baja California peninsula, the Costa Rica Dome and waters extending west along the 10 degrees N Thermocline Ridge, and near Peru and the Galapagos Archipelago. Greatest prevalence was observed on blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) indicating that slow swim speeds are not necessary for effective barnacle settlement. Overall, prevalence and prevalence per sighting were generally lower than previously reported. The number of barnacles present on an individual whale was greatest for killer whales, indicating that Xenobalanus larvae may be patchily distributed. The broad geographic distribution and large number of cetacean hosts, indicate an extremely cosmopolitan distribution. A better understanding of the biology of Xenobalanus is needed before this species can be used as a biological tag,
C1 [Kane, Emily A.] Southampton Coll, Southampton, NY 11968 USA.
[Kane, Emily A.; Olson, Paula A.; Gerrodette, Tim; Fiedler, Paul C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Kane, EA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
EM ekane@tamu.edu
FU Evan Frankel Foundation
FX Funding for travel and living expenses for E. A. Kane was provided by
the Evan Frankel Foundation. We thank J. Barlow, M. Kretzmann, and W.
Perrin for reviewing the manuscript before submission, as well as D.
Fertl and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. We also
thank N. Black and the many scientists and researchers who donated
photographs, references, and information for the project.
NR 50
TC 9
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 106
IS 4
BP 395
EP 404
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 371YG
UT WOS:000260868000006
ER
PT J
AU Brill, R
Magel, C
Davis, M
Hannah, R
Rankin, P
AF Brill, Richard
Magel, Christopher
Davis, Michael
Hannah, Robert
Rankin, Polly
TI Effects of rapid decompression and exposure to bright light on visual
function in black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and Pacific halibut
(Hippoglossus stenolepis)
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLEX IMPAIRMENT; DISCARD MORTALITY; CAPTURE DEPTH; FISH; PIGMENTS;
RELEASE; BYCATCH; RETINA; AIR; PHOTORECEPTORS
AB Demersal Fishes hauled up from depth experience rapid decompression. In physoclists, this can cause overexpansion of the swim bladder and resultant injuries to multiple organs (barotrauma), including severe exophthalmia ("pop-eye"). Before release, fishes can also be subjected to asphyxia and exposure to direct sunlight. Little is known, however, about possible sensory deficits resulting from the events accompanying capture. To address this issue, electroretinography was used to measure the changes in retinal light sensitivity, flicker fusion frequency, and spectral sensitivity in black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) subjected to rapid decompression (from 4 atmospheres absolute [ATA] to 1 ATA) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) exposed to 15 minutes of simulated sunlight. Rapid decompression had no measurable influence on retinal function in black rockfish. In contrast, exposure to bright light significantly reduced retinal light sensitivity of Pacific halibut, predominately by affecting the photopigment which absorbs the green wavelengths of light (approximate to 520-580 nm) most strongly. This detriment is likely to have severe consequences for postrelease foraging success in green-wavelength-dominated coastal waters. The visual system of Pacific halibut has characteristics typical of species adapted to low light environments, and these characteristics may underlie their vulnerability to injury from exposure to bright light.
C1 [Brill, Richard] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Magel, Christopher] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Davis, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Hannah, Robert; Rankin, Polly] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Brill, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM rbrill@vims.edu
NR 48
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 106
IS 4
BP 427
EP 437
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 371YG
UT WOS:000260868000009
ER
PT J
AU Ott, LS
Smith, BL
Bruno, TJ
AF Ott, Lisa Starkey
Smith, Beverly L.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Advanced distillation curve measurements for corrosive fluids:
Application to two crude oils
SO FUEL
LA English
DT Article
DE copper strip corrosion test; crude oil; distillate composition;
distillation curve
ID AVIATION FUEL; JET-A; IMPROVEMENTS; S-8; MIXTURES; MODEL; RP-1; CUT
AB We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications include a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis) and corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The composition-explicit information is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to a variety of fluids, including simple n-alkanes, rocket propellant, gasoline, jet fuels, and a hydrocarbon fluid made corrosive with dissolved hydrogen sulfide. In the current contribution, we present the application of the advanced distillation curve method to two samples of crude oil. A primary motivation behind the work is to precisely measure the distillation curves of these oils using our advanced distillation apparatus; these low uncertainty measurements of true thermodynamic state points can be used for equation of state development and differentiation of crude oil samples. Then, the information content of each distillation was extended much further by use of the composition-explicit data channel: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD), and the copper strip corrosion test (CSCT) were used for each distillate volume fraction sampled. Consequently, for each volume fraction of crude oil distillate sampled, we can address the composition, quantitate the total sulfur content, and measure the corrosivity. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ott, Lisa Starkey; Smith, Beverly L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, MS 838-00,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
NR 38
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0016-2361
J9 FUEL
JI Fuel
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 87
IS 13-14
BP 3055
EP 3064
DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.032
PG 10
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 330ZL
UT WOS:000257981400028
ER
PT J
AU Raven, PA
Uh, M
Sakhrani, D
Beckman, BR
Cooper, K
Pinter, J
Leder, EH
Silverstein, J
Devlin, RH
AF Raven, P. A.
Uh, M.
Sakhrani, D.
Beckman, B. R.
Cooper, K.
Pinter, J.
Leder, E. H.
Silverstein, J.
Devlin, R. H.
TI Endocrine effects of growth hormone overexpression in transgenic coho
salmon
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Growth hormone; Transgenic; Coho salmon; Oncorhynchus kisutch;
Insulin-like growth factor-I; Growth hormone receptor; Growth hormone
releasing hormone; Neuropeptide Y; Cholecystokinin; Cartilage sulphation
ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; I MESSENGER-RNA; TILAPIA
OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; DIFFERENT PROTEIN-LEVELS; GH-RELEASING HORMONE;
CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; TIME RT-PCR; RAINBOW-TROUT;
IGF-I
AB Non-transgenic (wild-type) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), growth hormone (GH) transgenic salmon (with highly elevated growth rates), and GH transgenic salmon pair fed a non-transgenic ration level (and thus growing at the non-transgenic rate) were examined for plasma hormone concentrations, and liver, muscle. hypothalamus, telencephalon, and pituitary mRNA levels. GH transgenic salmon exhibited increased plasma GH levels, and enhanced liver, muscle and hypothalamic GH mRNA levels. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) in plasma, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) and IGF-I mRNA levels in liver and muscle, were higher in fully fed transgenic than non-transgenic fish. GHR mRNA levels in transgenic fish were unaffected by ration-restriction, whereas plasma GH was increased and plasma IGF-I and liver IGF-I mRNA were decreased to wild-type levels. These data reveal that strong nutritional modulation of IGF-I production remains even in the presence of constitutive ectopic GH expression in these transgenic fish. Liver GHR membrane protein levels were not different from controls, whereas, in muscle, GHR levels were elevated approximately 5-fold in transgenic fish. Paracrine stimulation of IGF-I by ectopic GH production in non-pituitary tissues is suggested by increased basal cartilage sulphation observed in the transgenic salmon. Levels of mRNA for growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and cholecystokinin (CCK) did not differ between groups. Despite its role in appetite stimulation, neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA was not found to be elevated in transgenic groups. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Raven, P. A.; Uh, M.; Sakhrani, D.; Pinter, J.; Devlin, R. H.] Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada.
[Beckman, B. R.; Cooper, K.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Leder, E. H.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Div Genet & Physiol, Turku 20014, Finland.
[Silverstein, J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Devlin, RH (reprint author), Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada.
EM Robert.Devlin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013
OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Leder,
Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290
FU Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology
FX The authors wish to thank Jack Smith and Benjamin Goh for performing
IGF-I radioimmunoassay and Geordia Rigter for fish culture assistance.
Support for this research from the Canadian Regulatory System for
Biotechnology to R.H.D. is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 109
TC 37
Z9 39
U1 3
U2 19
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 159
IS 1
BP 26
EP 37
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.07.011
PG 12
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 368BM
UT WOS:000260596300004
PM 18713628
ER
PT J
AU Suntharalingam, P
Kettle, AJ
Montzka, SM
Jacob, DJ
AF Suntharalingam, Parvadha
Kettle, A. J.
Montzka, S. M.
Jacob, D. J.
TI Global 3-D model analysis of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric carbonyl
sulfide: Implications for terrestrial vegetation uptake
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SPRUCE FOREST; DISULFIDE; FLUX; COS; EMISSIONS;
EXCHANGE; SINKS; SOIL; OCS
AB We use a global 3-D simulation of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS) to interpret observations at a network of surface sites. We aim to identify the primary factors underlying observed seasonal variations and to constrain COS uptake by terrestrial vegetation. Model simulations are based on a recent estimate of global COS fluxes, with closure between sources and sinks. We find that the dominant influences on seasonal variation of COS are terrestrial vegetation uptake in the northern extratropics, and ocean fluxes in the southern extratropics. Simulations underestimate the amplitude of the observed seasonal cycle in the northern hemisphere, particularly at terrestrial sites, indicating that COS uptake by terrestrial vegetation has been underestimated in recent budgets. Fitting the observed seasonal variation at northern hemisphere sites in the model requires a doubling of the global vegetation sink to similar to 490 Gg S y(-1), while fitting the southern hemisphere data suggests a reduction of similar to 50 Gg S y(-1) in the southern extratropical ocean source. Balancing these changes in COS fluxes requires an additional source (similar to 235 Gg S y(-1), equivalent to 40% of identified sources) missing from present budget estimates. Discrepancies between annual mean observations and simulated concentrations, derived from our best estimates of seasonal fluxes, are largest in the tropics, suggesting an underestimate of COS sources at these latitudes.
C1 [Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Montzka, S. M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Kettle, A. J.] Univ E Anglia, Dept Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
RP Suntharalingam, P (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM p.suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk
FU Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the U. S. National Science Foundation;
NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and the Climate
Forcing Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office, USA; U. K. Natural
Environment Research Council
FX This work was supported by the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the U.
S. National Science Foundation, NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research and the Climate Forcing Program of NOAA's Climate Program
Office, USA, and the U. K. Natural Environment Research Council.
NR 22
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT 1
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 19
AR L19801
DI 10.1029/2008GL034332
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 356UL
UT WOS:000259803000001
ER
PT J
AU Persson, A
Smith, BC
Wikfors, GH
Alix, JH
AF Persson, Agneta
Smith, Barry C.
Wikfors, Gary H.
Alix, Jennifer H.
TI Dinoflagellate gamete formation and environmental cues: Observations,
theory, and synthesis
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE bloom; cyst; dinollagellate; gamete; mating; red tide
ID GYMNODINIUM-CATENATUM; GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; VERTICAL MIGRATION;
ENCYSTMENT; LACHRYMOSA; EXPRESSION; CULTURE; CYSTS
AB For some species of cyst-producing dinoflagellates, the sexual life cycle is well studied in laboratory cultures. Dinoflagellate blooms in stratified waters, vertical migration of vegetative cells, and the accumulation of populations within thin layers are well-documented phenomena in nature. We propose a conceptual model that places these phenomena in a functional, ecological context: vegetative cells of a dinoflagellate population display vertical migration, but at the end of the bloom, environmental or internal cues shift the cell cycle to gamete formation. Then the vertical migrations cease, and cells accumulate in a layer at the pycnocline where gametes fuse to form zygotes, which then sink to the sediment as resting cysts. We support this conceptual model with experimental and environmental evidence. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Persson, Agneta; Smith, Barry C.; Wikfors, Gary H.; Alix, Jennifer H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Milford, MA USA.
RP Smith, BC (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Ecol, Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
EM barry.smith@noaa.gov
OI Persson, Agneta/0000-0003-0202-6514
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine
Fisheries Service Laboratory in Milford, Connecticut; Magnus Bergvalls
foundation; Oscar and Lili Lamm's Foundation
FX Most of the research was performed while Dr. Agneta Persson held a
National Research Council research associate ship award at the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries
Service Laboratory in Milford, Connecticut. The recent experiments were
financed by a travel grant from Magnus Bergvalls foundation, and
continued research in the subject by Oscar and Lili Lamm's Foundation
for Scientific Research.[SS]
NR 25
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 7
IS 6
BP 798
EP 801
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.04.002
PG 4
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 352RO
UT WOS:000259515300009
ER
PT J
AU Richards, RA
Nitschke, PC
Sosebee, KA
AF Richards, R. Anne
Nitschke, Paul C.
Sosebee, Katherine A.
TI Population biology of monkfish Lophius americanus
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT ICES Science Conference on Monkfish/Angelfish across the World - Common
Problems and Common Solutions
CY 2007
CL Helsinki, FINLAND
SP Int Council Explorat Sea
DE anglerfish; distribution; goosefish; growth; life history; Lophius
americanus; maturation; monkfish; movement; population biology; sex
ratio; temperature
ID SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; BUDEGASSA SPINOLA;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANGLERFISH; GROWTH; PISCATORIUS; REPRODUCTION;
GOOSEFISH; FISHES
AB This paper provides an overview of the biology of monkfish in US waters of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean using data from resource surveys spanning the period 1948 - 2007. Monkfish exhibited seasonal onshore - offshore shifts in distribution, migrated out of the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) in mid-spring, and re-appeared there in autumn. Sex ratios at length for fish 40 - 65-cm long were skewed towards males in the southern MAB, but approximated unity elsewhere, suggesting that a portion of the population resides outside sampled areas. Growth was linear at 9.9 cm year(-1) and did not differ by region or sex. Maximum observed size was 138 cm for females and 85 cm for males. Length at 50% maturity for males was 35.6 cm (4.1 years old) in the north and 37.9 cm (4.3 years old) in the south; for females 38.8 cm (4.6 years old) in the north and 43.8 cm (4.9 years old) in the south. Ripe females were found in shallow (< 50 m) and deep (> 200 m) water in the south, and in shallow water (< 50 m) in the north.
C1 [Richards, R. Anne; Nitschke, Paul C.; Sosebee, Katherine A.] NOAA NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Richards, RA (reprint author), NOAA NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM anne.richards@noaa.gov
NR 40
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 13
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 7
BP 1291
EP 1305
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn108
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 350BM
UT WOS:000259327400022
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, AK
Richards, RA
Cullen, DW
Sutherland, SJ
AF Johnson, A. K.
Richards, R. Anne
Cullen, Daniel W.
Sutherland, Sandra J.
TI Growth, reproduction, and feeding of large monkfish, Lophius americanus
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT ICES Science Conference on Monkfish/Angelfish across the World - Common
Problems and Common Solutions
CY 2007
CL Helsinki, FINLAND
SP Int Council Explorat Sea
DE anglerfish; cannibalism; feeding; gonadosomatic indices; goosefish;
growth; hepatosomatic indices; Lophius americanus; life history;
monkfish; reproduction
ID PISCATORIUS LINNAEUS; ECOLOGY; FECUNDITY; BUDEGASSA; COAST
AB The American monkfish, Lophius americanus, supports important commercial fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic. Although life history information is available for smaller L. americanus, the biology of large monkfish (> 70 cm) is poorly understood because relatively few large fish are caught in standard resource surveys. Between 2006 and 2008, 699 L. americanus of 71 - 118 cm total length were collected from commercial gillnet fishers operating in the mid-Atlantic Bight (n = 689) and in the Gulf of Maine (n = 10) to investigate growth rates, reproductive biology, and feeding habits of large monkfish. All those collected were mature females ranging in age from 7 to 13 years. Growth was linear at an average annual rate of 7.6 cm. Hepatosomatic indices peaked in February and gonadosomatic indices between February and April. Postovulatory follicles and vitellogenic oocytes were observed in the same ovaries, evidence that monkfish spawn over a protracted period and possibly more than once annually. Food habits were similar to those reported for smaller benthic phase monkfish, but cannibalism was more prevalent in large fish (5.6% frequency of occurrence). Frequencies of feeding and cannibalism were greatest in females in the final stage of oocyte maturation.
C1 [Johnson, A. K.; Cullen, Daniel W.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
[Richards, R. Anne; Sutherland, Sandra J.] NOAA NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Johnson, AK (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
EM akjohnson@umes.edu
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 22
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 7
BP 1306
EP 1315
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn138
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 350BM
UT WOS:000259327400023
ER
PT J
AU Chang, KS
Green, ML
Hattrick-Simpers, JR
Takeuchi, I
Suehle, JS
Celik, O
De Gendt, S
AF Chang, Kao-Shuo
Green, Martin L.
Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.
Takeuchi, Ichiro
Suehle, John S.
Celik, Ozgur
De Gendt, Stefan
TI Determination of Work Functions in the Ta1-xAlxNy/HfO2 Advanced Gate
Stack Using Combinatorial Methodology
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
LA English
DT Article
DE Combinatorial methodology; complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
(CMOS); equivalent oxide thickness (EOT); flatband voltage; Ta1-xAlxNy;
work function
ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRODES; OXIDES; DIELECTRICS; HFO2
AB Combinatorial methodology enables the generation of comprehensive and consistent data sets, compared with the "one-composition-at-a-time" approach. We demonstrate, for the first time, the combinatorial methodology applied to the work function (Phi(m)) extraction for Ta1-xAlxNy alloys as metal gates on HfO2, for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor applications, by automated measurement of over 2000 capacitor devices. Scanning X-ray microdiffraction indicates that a solid solution exists for the Ta1-xAlxNy libraries for 0.05 <= x <= 0.50. The equivalent oxide thickness maps offer a snapshot of gate stack thermal stability, which show that Ta1-xAlxNy alloys are stable up to 950 degrees C. The Phi(m) of the Ta1-xAlxNy libraries can be tuned as a function of gate metal composition over a wide (0.05 <= x <= 0.50) composition range, as well as by annealing. We suggest that Ta0.9Al0.1N1.24 gate metal electrodes may be useful for p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor applications.
C1 [Chang, Kao-Shuo; Green, Martin L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chang, Kao-Shuo; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Takeuchi, Ichiro] Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Suehle, John S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Celik, Ozgur] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[De Gendt, Stefan] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
[De Gendt, Stefan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
RP Chang, KS (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kao-shuo.chang@nist.gov; takeuchi@squid.umd.edu
RI celik, ozgur/A-9195-2011
NR 34
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 0018-9383
J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV
JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 55
IS 10
BP 2641
EP 2647
DI 10.1109/TED.2008.2003091
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 363FH
UT WOS:000260252700014
ER
PT J
AU Zhu, L
Talukdar, RK
Burkholder, JB
Ravishankara, AR
AF Zhu, Lei
Talukdar, Ranajit K.
Burkholder, James B.
Ravishankara, A. R.
TI Rate coefficients for the OH plus acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) reaction between
204 and 373 K
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OXYGENATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; GAS-PHASE;
ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES; RATE CONSTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;
PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; KINETICS; RELAXATION; TEMPERATURES
AB The rate coefficient, k(1) for the gas-phase reaction OH + CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) -> products, was measured over the temperature range 204-373 K using pulsed laser photolytic production of OH coupled with its detection via laser-induced fluorescence. The CH3CHO concentration was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV absorption at 184.9 nm and gas flow rates. The room temperature rate coefficient and Arrhenius expression obtained are k(1) (296 K) = (1.52 + 0.15) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(1) (T) = (5.32 +/- 0.55) x 10(-12) expl(315 +/- 40)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The rate coefficient for the reaction OH (nu = 1) + CH3CHO, k(7)(T) (where k(7) is the rate coefficient for the overall removal of OH (nu = 1)), was determined over the temperature range 204-296 K and is given by k(7)(T) = (35 +/- 1.4) x 10(-12) exp[(500 +/- 90)/T], where k(7)(296 K) = (1.9 +/- 0.6) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma, (95% confidence level). The preexponential term and the room temperature rate coefficient include estimated systematic errors. k(7) is slightly larger than k(1) over the range of temperatures included in this study. The results from this study were found to be in good agreement with previously reported values of k(1)(T) for temperatures < 298 K. An expression for k(1)(T), suitable for use in atmospheric models, in the NASA/JPL and IUPAC format, was determined by combining the present results with previously reported values and was found to be k(1) (298 K) = 1.5 x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), f (298 K) = 1.1, E/R = 340 K, and A E/R (or g) = 20 K over the temperature range relevant to the atmosphere. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Zhu, Lei; Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Burkholder, James B.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Zhu, Lei; Talukdar, Ranajit K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Talukdar, RK (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, R-CSD6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Ranajit.K.Talukdar@noua.gov
RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013;
Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431;
FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program
FX Contract grant sponsor: NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program.
NR 41
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 41
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0538-8066
J9 INT J CHEM KINET
JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 40
IS 10
BP 635
EP 646
DI 10.1002/kin.20346
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 352TH
UT WOS:000259519800004
ER
PT J
AU Scace, GE
Miller, WW
AF Scace, G. E.
Miller, W. W.
TI Reducing the uncertainty of industrial trace humidity generators through
NIST permeation-tube calibration
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE cavity ringdown; frost point; generator; humidity; permeation tube
AB Permeation-tube moisture generators (PTGs) are commonly used by the semiconductor industry as transfer standards for the calibration of hygrometer systems measuring trace amounts of water vapor in gases (water vapor mole fractions typically below 1 x 10(-6) stop). They are relatively simple devices that generate a steady stream of humidified gas by diluting water vapor delivered at a constant rate from a permeable capsule with precisely metered purified gas, usually nitrogen. Here a new calibration service enabling the measurement of PTG permeation rates directly in terms of NIST primary standards of trace humidity generation is described. Rather than using commonly employed gravimetric methods for permeation-tube calibration, the method applied here links the permeation rate of the permeation tube to the thermodynamic properties of ice. Using a hygrometer based on cavity ringdown spectroscopy, we compare the water vapor concentrations produced by the NIST low frost-point generator (LFPG) and a specially constructed PTG containing the permeation tube undergoing calibration. A least squares fit of the data determines the permeation rate of the tube under test. We describe the calibration system, experimental procedure and present sample calibration data. The expanded relative uncertainty of NIST permeation-tube calibrations is 1.8% with a coverage factor k = 2, dominated by the Type A uncertainties.
C1 [Scace, G. E.; Miller, W. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Scace, GE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gscace@nist.gov
FU NIST Office of MicroElectronics Programs
FX The authors thank Dr. Jack Martinez, Senior Scientist of the NIST Office
of MicroElectronics Programs, for support of this work.
NR 4
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1544
EP 1554
DI 10.1007/s10765-007-0339-z
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 351KJ
UT WOS:000259422900002
ER
PT J
AU Meyer, CW
Miller, WW
Ripple, DC
Scace, GE
AF Meyer, C. W.
Miller, W. W.
Ripple, D. C.
Scace, G. E.
TI Performance and validation tests on the NIST hybrid humidity generator
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE calibration; generator; humidity; hygrometer; saturator; standards;
water vapor
ID WATER
AB A new humidity generator has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Once fully operational, the NIST hybrid humidity generator (HHG) will generate frost/dew points from -70 degrees C to +85 degrees C using calibration gas-flow rates up to 150 standard liters per minute and is expected to outperform the present humidity generator at NIST in terms of accuracy. The HHG combines the two-pressure and divided-flow humidity-generation techniques (hence, the name "hybrid"). The centerpiece of the HHG is a heat exchanger/saturator that is immersed in a temperature-controlled bath stable to within 1 mK. For dew/frost-point temperatures above -15 degrees C, the two-pressure principle is employed. For frost points at or below -15 degrees C, the water-vapor/air mixture is produced by mixing metered streams of moist air produced by the two-pressure method with purified, dry air. A series of performance and validation tests on the HHG in the two-pressure mode, including measurements of temperature gradients and pressure stability in the generator under various operating conditions, and comparison of the humidity generated by the HHG to that generated by the other NIST humidity-generation standards, are reported.
C1 [Meyer, C. W.; Miller, W. W.; Ripple, D. C.; Scace, G. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Meyer, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cmeyer@nist.gov
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1606
EP 1614
DI 10.1007/s10765-007-0342-4
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 351KJ
UT WOS:000259422900008
ER
PT J
AU Garrity, KM
Ripple, DC
Araya, M
Cabrera, CR
Murillo, LC
de Vanegas, ME
Gee, DJ
Guillen, E
Martinez-Martinez, S
Mendez-Lango, E
Mussio, L
Petkovic, SG
Quelhas, KN
Rangugni, G
Robatto, O
Rocha, EV
AF Garrity, K. M.
Ripple, D. C.
Araya, M.
Cabrera, C. R.
Murillo, L. Cordova
de Vanegas, M. E.
Gee, D. J.
Guillen, E.
Martinez-Martinez, S.
Mendez-Lango, E.
Mussio, L.
Petkovic, S. G.
Quelhas, K. N.
Rangugni, G.
Robatto, O.
Rocha, E. von Borries
TI A regional comparison of calibration results for type K thermocouple
wire from (100 to 1,100) degrees C
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE comparison; ITS-90; temperature; thermocouple; type K
AB Under the auspices of the Inter-American Metrology System (SIM), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initiated a regional comparison for type K thermocouples from (100 to 1,100) degrees C with 11 participating countries. The use of type K material above approximately 200 degrees C is considered destructive. Therefore, each participating laboratory was sent new, unused wire from a lot of material characterized by NIST. The uniformity of the lot was remarkable, especially at temperatures above 500 degrees C; the standard deviation of the thermocouple emf values of multiple cuts tested at NIST was 2.7 mu V or less over the full temperature range. The high uniformity eliminated any need to correct for variations of the transfer standard among the laboratories, greatly simplifying the analysis. The level of agreement among the laboratories' results was quite good. Even though test procedures and equipment varied significantly among the participants, the standard deviation of all emf values at each test temperature was less than the equivalent of 0.20 degrees C at 200 degrees C and below, and less than 0.60 degrees C from (400 to 1,100) degrees C. Of the 380 total bilateral combinations of the data at the eight test temperatures, only 13 (i.e., 3.4% of all combinations) are outside the k = 2 limits, and of these 13, only 3 are outside k = 3 limits. All the outliers occur at temperatures of 800 degrees C and below, which suggests that drift of the type K wire due to high-temperature oxidation did not cause changes in the thermocouple emf comparable to or larger than the claimed uncertainties.
C1 [Garrity, K. M.; Ripple, D. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Pilot Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Araya, M.] Lab Custodio Patrones Nacl Temp, Santiago, Chile.
[Cabrera, C. R.] Serv Autonomo Nacl Normalizac Calidad Metrol & Re, Caracas, Venezuela.
[Murillo, L. Cordova; Rocha, E. von Borries] Inst Boliviano Metrol, La Paz, Bolivia.
[de Vanegas, M. E.] Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Technol, San Salvador, El Salvador.
[Gee, D. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Guillen, E.] Inst Nacl Def Competencia & Protecc Propiedad Int, Serv Nacl Metrol, Lima, Peru.
[Martinez-Martinez, S.; Mendez-Lango, E.] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Queretaro, Mexico.
[Mussio, L.; Robatto, O.] Lab Tecnol Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.
[Petkovic, S. G.; Quelhas, K. N.] Inst Nacl Metrol Normalizacao & Qualidade Ind, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
[Rangugni, G.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Garrity, KM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Pilot Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM karen.garrity@nist.gov
NR 6
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 7
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1828
EP 1837
DI 10.1007/s10765-007-0354-0
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 351KJ
UT WOS:000259422900030
ER
PT J
AU Allen, AJ
Hackley, VA
Jemian, PR
Ilavsky, J
Raitano, JM
Chan, SW
AF Allen, Andrew J.
Hackley, Vincent A.
Jemian, Pete R.
Ilavsky, Jan
Raitano, Joan M.
Chan, Siu-Wai
TI In situ ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering study of the
solution-mediated formation and growth of nanocrystalline ceria
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-CHANGE; KINETICS;
HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE; SIZE; HYDROLYSIS; COMPLEX; CEO2
AB Results are presented for an in situ synchrotron-based ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) study of the solution-mediated formation and growth of nanocrystalline ceria (n-CeO(2)) using a new remote-controlled, isothermal, circulating fluid flow cell. The fluid flow mitigates or reduces X- ray beam-induced damage, air bubbles or particulate flocculation within the bulk solution, but prevents any coarse particulates that do form from settling out from suspension. Combined with the large-scale range accessible in USAXS studies, the flow cell has enabled measurement, in situ and in real time, of structural characteristics from 10 angstrom to a few micrometres in size as a function of the changing physical and chemical conditions. By applying a multi-component model, the nanoparticle formation and growth component has been identified. Control and online monitoring of flow rate, temperature and pH suspension conditions have permitted real-time studies of the formation and growth of the individual n-CeO(2) particles from homogeneous dilute solution over several hours. Aspects of the nanoparticle nucleation and growth are revealed that have not been observed directly in measurements on this system. (c) 2008 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved.
C1 [Allen, Andrew J.; Hackley, Vincent A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jemian, Pete R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Engn Support Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Raitano, Joan M.; Chan, Siu-Wai] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andrew.allen@nist.gov
RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013;
OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724; Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38]; NIST
Center for Neutron Research; National Science Foundation [DMR-0213574];
New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research
(NYSTAR); BES/HFI [DE-FG02-05ER15730]
FX We thank C. Amigo of NIST Ceramics Division for critical support in the
design and construction of the flow cell holder, A. Jilla, formerly of
NIST Ceramics Division, for help with the initial flow cell concept, and
J. Gordon of the Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics,
Columbia University, New York, for assistance in the data analysis. Use
of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US Department of
Energy, Office of Science, under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. Part of
this work utilized instrumentation supported by the NIST Center for
Neutron Research. S-WC and JMR are supported by the MRSEC Program of the
National Science Foundation (DMR-0213574), the New York State Office of
Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR), and the Department
of Energy under BES/HFI grant No. DE-FG02-05ER15730.
NR 49
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 13
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 41
BP 918
EP 929
DI 10.1107/S0021889808023078
PN 5
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 349DU
UT WOS:000259259800010
ER
PT J
AU Yuya, PA
Hurley, DC
Turner, JA
AF Yuya, P. A.
Hurley, D. C.
Turner, J. A.
TI Contact-resonance atomic force microscopy for viscoelasticity
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-FREQUENCY RESPONSE; ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
CANTILEVERS; NANOSCALE; STIFFNESS; INDENTATION; HUMIDITY; SURFACES;
ENERGY
AB We present a quantitative method for determining the viscoelastic properties of materials with nanometer spatial resolution. The approach is based on the atomic force acoustic microscopy technique that involves the resonant frequencies of the atomic force microscopy cantilever when its tip is in contact with a sample surface. We derive expressions for the viscoelastic properties of the sample in terms of the cantilever frequency response and damping loss. We demonstrate the approach by obtaining experimental values for the storage and loss moduli of a poly(methyl methacrylate) film using a polystyrene sample as a reference material. Experimental techniques and system calibration methods to perform material property measurements are also presented. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2996259]
C1 [Yuya, P. A.; Turner, J. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
[Hurley, D. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Turner, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, W317-4 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
EM jaturner@unl.edu
RI Turner, Joseph/F-5165-2010
FU National Science Foundation
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. The authors
thank Ben Polly for valuable discussions.
NR 28
TC 69
Z9 70
U1 4
U2 38
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD OCT 1
PY 2008
VL 104
IS 7
AR 074916
DI 10.1063/1.2996259
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 361KC
UT WOS:000260125500168
ER
PT J
AU Mellor, GL
Donelan, MA
Oey, LY
AF Mellor, George L.
Donelan, Mark A.
Oey, Lie-Yauw
TI A Surface Wave Model for Coupling with Numerical Ocean Circulation
Models
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WIND-GENERATED WAVES; PREDICTION MODEL; 3-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT;
BOUNDARY-LAYERS; GROWTH; EQUATIONS; BREAKING; CURRENTS; SPECTRA; SWELL
AB A surface wave model is developed with the intention of coupling it to three-dimensional ocean circulation models. The model is based on a paper by Mellor wherein depth-dependent coupling terms were derived. To be compatible with circulation models and to be numerically economical, this model is simplified compared to popular third-generation models. However, the model does support depth and current refraction, deep and shallow water, and proper coupling with depth-variable currents.
The model is demonstrated for several simple scenarios culminating in comparisons of model calculations with buoy data during Hurricane Katrina and with calculations from the model Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN); for these calculations, coupling with the ocean was not activated.
C1 [Mellor, George L.; Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Donelan, Mark A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Mellor, GL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM glmellor@princeton.edu
FU NOPP; ONR [N0014-01-1-0170]; DOI/MMS [1435-01-03-CT-72021]; NSF
[OCE0526508, OCE0526491]; MMS [1435-01-06-CT-39731]
FX Some of this research was conducted while GLM was a visiting professor
at the Technical University of Delft; he is indebted to the faculty and
staff of the Fluid Mechanics Section for valuable consultation. GLM was
supported by the NOPP surfzone project, by ONR Grant N0014-01-1-0170,
and partially by DOI/MMS Contract 1435-01-03-CT-72021. GLM and MAD are
presently funded by NSF OCE0526508 and OCE0526491. LYO was supported by
MMS Contract 1435-01-06-CT-39731.
NR 51
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 25
IS 10
BP 1785
EP 1807
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHO573.1
PG 23
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 363ZY
UT WOS:000260307200006
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, J
Langston, C
Howard, K
AF Zhang, Jian
Langston, Carrie
Howard, Kenneth
TI Brightband Identification Based on Vertical Profiles of Reflectivity
from the WSR-88D
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLUMETRIC RADAR DATA; MELTING LAYER; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; BAND;
RANGE; ERROR
AB The occurrence of a bright band, a layer of enhanced reflectivity due to melting of aggregated snow, increases uncertainties in radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). The height of the bright-band layer is an indication of 0 C isotherm and can be useful in identifying areas of potential icing for aviation and in the data assimilation for numerical weather prediction (NWP). Extensive analysis of vertical profiles of reflectivity (VPRs) derived from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) base level data showed that the brightband signature could be easily identified from the VPRs. As a result, an automated brightband identification (BBID) scheme has been developed. The BBID algorithm can determine from a volume scan mean VPR and a background freezing level height from a numerical weather prediction model whether a bright band exists and the height of the brightband layer. The paper presents a description of the BBID scheme and evaluation results from a large dataset from WSR-88D radars in different geographical regions and seasons.
C1 [Zhang, Jian; Langston, Carrie] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Natl Weather Ctr, Rm 4739,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jian.zhang@noaa.gov
FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); NOAA-University of Oklahoma
[NA17RJ1227]; U. S. Department of Commerce; FAA
FX Major funding for this research was provided under the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) Aviation Weather Research Program Advanced Weather
Radar Technologies Product Development Team MOU, and partial funding was
provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement
NA17RJ1227, U. S. Department of Commerce, and through collaboration with
the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Republic of China.; This research
is in response to requirements and funding by the FAA. The views
expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the
official policy or position of the FAA.
NR 28
TC 30
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 25
IS 10
BP 1859
EP 1872
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1039.1
PG 14
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 363ZY
UT WOS:000260307200011
ER
PT J
AU Williams, CR
May, PT
AF Williams, Christopher R.
May, Peter T.
TI Uncertainties in Profiler and Polarimetric DSD Estimates and Their
Relation to Rainfall Uncertainties
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DISTRIBUTION RETRIEVAL; RADAR REFLECTIVITY;
DISTRIBUTION MODEL; PRECIPITATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; UHF; PARAMETERS;
VELOCITIES; SCATTERING
AB Polarimetric weather radars offer the promise of accurate rainfall measurements by including polarimetric measurements in rainfall estimation algorithms. Questions still remain on how accurately polarimetric measurements represent the parameters of the raindrop size distribution (DSD). In particular, this study propagates polarimetric radar measurement uncertainties through a power-law median raindrop diameter D-0 algorithm to quantify the statistical uncertainties of the power-law regression. For this study, the power-law statistical uncertainty of D-0 ranged from 0.11 to 0.17 mm. Also, the polarimetric scanning radar D0 estimates were compared with the median raindrop diameters retrieved from two vertically pointing profilers observing the same radar volume as the scanning radar. Based on over 900 observations, the standard deviation of the differences between the two radar estimates was approximately 0.16 mm. Thus, propagating polarimetric measurement uncertainties through D-0 power-law regressions is comparable to uncertainties between polarimeteric and profiler D-0 estimates.
C1 [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[May, Peter T.] Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Mail Stop R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM christopher.williams@colorado.edu
RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015
OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850
FU NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); Precipitation
Measurement Mission (PMM) [NNX07AN32G]; NOAA's; Australian Bureau of
Meteorology Research Centre (BMRC)
FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring
Mission (TRMM) and Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) programs
(Grant NNX07AN32G), in part by NOAA's contribution toward the NASA PMM
program, and in part by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research
Centre (BMRC). The Darwin 50-MHz profiler is owned and operated by the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). The Darwin 920-MHz profiler is
owned by NOAA and is maintained and operated by BOM.
NR 28
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 25
IS 10
BP 1881
EP 1887
DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1038.1
PG 7
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 363ZY
UT WOS:000260307200013
ER
PT J
AU Finch, DS
Oreskovic, T
Ramadurai, K
Herrmann, CF
George, SM
Mahajan, RL
AF Finch, Dudley S.
Oreskovic, Tammy
Ramadurai, Krishna
Herrmann, Cari F.
George, Steven M.
Mahajan, Roop L.
TI Biocompatibility of atomic layer-deposited alumina thin films
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A
LA English
DT Article
DE ALD; atomic layer deposition; biocompatibility; bio-MEMS; conformal
coatings; vascular smooth muscle cells
ID BINARY REACTION SEQUENCE; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; WETTABILITY;
PRECURSORS; COATINGS; SILICON; SYSTEMS
AB Presented in this paper is a study of the biocompatibility of an atomic layer-deposited (ALD) alumina (Al2O3) thin film and in ALD hydrophobic coating oil standard glass cover slips, The pure ALD alumina coating exhibited, a water contact angle of 55' +/- 5 degrees attributed, in part, to a high concentration of -OH group on the surface. In contrast, the hydrophobic coating (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydro-octyl-methyl-bis(dimethylamino)silane)1 had a water contact amble of 108 degrees +/- 2 degrees. Observations using differential interference contrast microscopy on human coronary artery smooth muscle Cells showed normal cell proliferation on both the ALD alumina and hydrophobic coatings when compared to cells grown on control substrates. These observations sugested good biocompatibility over a period of 7 days in vitro. Using a colorimetric assay technique to assess cell viability, the cellular response between the three substrates can be differentiated to show that the ALD alumina coating is more biocompatible and that the hydrophobic coating is less biocompatible when compared to the control. These results suggest that patterning a substrate with hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups can control cell growth. This patterning can further enhance the known advantages of ALD alumina, such as conformality and excellent dielectric properties for bio- micro electro mechanical systems (Bio-MEMS) in sensors, actuators, and microfluidics devices. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Finch, Dudley S.; Oreskovic, Tammy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div 853, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Finch, Dudley S.] Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Ramadurai, Krishna; Herrmann, Cari F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Herrmann, Cari F.; George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Mahajan, Roop L.] Virginia Tech, ICTAS, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
RP Finch, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div 853, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dfinch@mse.vt.edu
RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013
OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184
NR 23
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 35
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1549-3296
J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A
JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 87A
IS 1
BP 100
EP 106
DI 10.1002/jbm.a.31732
PG 7
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 347GV
UT WOS:000259129500014
PM 18085647
ER
PT J
AU Ott, LS
Huber, ML
Bruno, TJ
AF Ott, Lisa S.
Huber, Marcia L.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Density and Speed of Sound Measurements on Five Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
at 83 kPa and Temperatures from (278.15 to 338.15) K
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; VOLUME
AB The densities and speeds of sound of five fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were measured at approximately 83 kPa (atmospheric pressure in Boulder, CO) at temperatures from (278.15 to 338.15) K. The FAMEs measured were the five primary components of biodiesel fuel, namely, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, and methyl linolenate. The densities and speeds of sound were measured concurrently with a commercial instrument equipped with a vibrating U-tube densimeter and pulse-echo speed of sound measurement cell. The densities of the FAMEs agreed with and expanded upon limited available literature values. The speed of sound measurements provide much needed experimental data for equation of state development.
C1 [Ott, Lisa S.; Huber, Marcia L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
NR 19
TC 38
Z9 40
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9568
J9 J CHEM ENG DATA
JI J. Chem. Eng. Data
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 53
IS 10
BP 2412
EP 2416
DI 10.1021/je8003854
PG 5
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 359GK
UT WOS:000259974200026
ER
PT J
AU Tewari, YB
Lang, BE
Decker, SR
Goldberg, RN
AF Tewari, Yadu B.
Lang, Brian E.
Decker, Stephen R.
Goldberg, Robert N.
TI Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis reactions of 1,4-beta-D-xylobiose,
1,4-beta-D-xylotriose, D-cellobiose, and D-maltose
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Equilibrium constants; Calorimetry; D-Cellobiose; Entropy; D-Glucose;
Heat capacity; D-Maltose; Standard Gibbs free energy and enthalpy;
1,4-beta-D-Xylobiose; 1.4-beta-D-Xylotriose; D-Xylose
ID APPARENT MOLAR VOLUMES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; MONO-SACCHARIDES;
TRI-SACCHARIDES; WATER; GLUCOSE; DISACCHARIDES; TEMPERATURES;
ENTHALPIES; OLIGOSACCHARIDES
AB Microcalorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography have been used to conduct a thermodynamic investigation of the following reactions:
1, 4-beta-D-Xylobiose(aq) + H(2)O(I) = 2D-xylose(aq),
1,4-beta-D-Xylotriose + 2H(2)O(I) = 3D-xylose(aq),
D-maltose(aq) + H(2)O(I) = 2 alpha-D-glucose(aq),
D-cellobiose(aq) + H(2)O(I) = 2 alpha-D-glucose(aq).
The results of the equilibrium measurements were K = (1.46 +/- 0.15). 10(3) for reaction (1) and K = (551 +/- 34) for reaction (3). Although it was not possible to measure directly a value for the equilibrium constant for reaction (4), it was possible to obtain the value K = 657 for this reaction via a thermochernical pathway calculation. The results of the calorimetric measurements were standard enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H degrees = (0.12 +/- 0.26) kJ (.) mol(-1) for reaction (1) and Delta(r)H degrees = -(0.06 +/- 0.18) kJ (.) mol(-1) for reaction (2). It is noted that values Of Delta(r)H degrees for reactions (1) and (2) are equal to each other within their respective experimental errors. This fact is consistent with earlier observations that, for reactions involving the making/breaking of N saccharide linkages, the assignment of characteristic values of Delta(r)H degrees/N or Delta(r)G degrees/N or Delta(r)S degrees/N for a specified linkage, is accurate in predicting the values Of Delta(r)H degrees. Delta(r)G degrees, and Delta(r)S degrees for reactions involving saccharides that contain multiples or combinations of such linkages. Also, the values of the standard entropy changes Delta(r)S degrees for the hydrolysis reactions (3) and (4) fall into the range of values ((32 to 48)J (.) K(-1) (.) mol(-1))) previously noted for the hydrolysis of six-carbon disaccharides. In order to tie the results of this study into the thermochernical literature, a reaction catalog of related property values was created. Selected property values from this reaction catalog were then used to calculate "best" values of the standard Gibbs free energy of formation Delta(f)G degrees, the standard enthalpy of formation Delta(f)H degrees, the standard molar entropy S degrees(m), and the standard molar heat capacity C degrees(p,m), for the substances of interest to this investigation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tewari, Yadu B.; Lang, Brian E.; Goldberg, Robert N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA.
[Decker, Stephen R.] Chem & Biosci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Goldberg, Robert N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA.
EM yadu.tewari@nist.gov; brian.lang@nist.gov; steve_decker@nrel.gov;
robert.goldberg@nist.gov
NR 52
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 13
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 40
IS 10
BP 1517
EP 1526
DI 10.1016/j.jct.2008.05.015
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA 393CI
UT WOS:000262348100006
ER
PT J
AU Lee, MI
Suarez, MJ
Kang, IS
Held, IM
Kim, D
AF Lee, Myong-In
Suarez, Max J.
Kang, In-Sik
Held, Isaac M.
Kim, Daehyun
TI A moist benchmark calculation for atmospheric general circulation models
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONES;
MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; LARGE-SCALE MODELS;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; AGCM SIMULATIONS;
ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; SUMMER MONSOON
AB A benchmark calculation is designed to compare the climate and climate sensitivity of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The experimental Setup basically follows that of the aquaplanet experiment (APE) proposed by Neale and Hoskins, but a simple mixed layer ocean is embedded to enable air-sea coupling and the Prediction of surface temperature. In calculations with several AGCMs, this idealization produces very strong zonal-mean flow and exaggerated ITCZ strength. but the model simulations remain sufficiently realistic to justify the use of this frame work in isolating key differences between models. Because Surface temperatures are free to respond to model differences, the simulation of the cloud distribution. especially in the subtropics. affects many other aspects of the simulations. The analysis of the simulated tropical transients highlights the importance of convection inhibition and air-sea coupling as affected by the depth of the mixed layer. These preliminary comparisons demonstrate that this idealized benchmark provides a discriminating framework for understanding the implications of differing physics parameterization in AGCMs.
C1 [Lee, Myong-In] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Lee, Myong-In] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Kang, In-Sik] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea.
[Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Kim, Daehyun] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea.
RP Lee, MI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM myong-in.lee@nasa.gov
RI 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015;
OI Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624
FU NASA Earth Science Enterprise's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction
(MAP); Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development
[CATER_2006-4206]; BK21
FX We thank David Straus and three anonymous reviewers whose comments were
very constructive in improving the original manuscript. We also thank
Julio Bacmeister and In-Sun Song for their helpful discussions and
suggestions to this study. This study was supported by NASA Earth
Science Enterprise's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) program.
In-Sik Kang and Daehyun Kim have been supported by the Korea
Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under
Grant CATER_2006-4206 and the BK21 program.
NR 57
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 19
BP 4934
EP 4954
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI1891.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 353WO
UT WOS:000259599900003
ER
PT J
AU Medeiros, B
Stevens, B
Held, IM
Zhao, M
Williamson, DL
Olson, JG
Bretherton, CS
AF Medeiros, Brian
Stevens, Bjorn
Held, Isaac M.
Zhao, Ming
Williamson, David L.
Olson, Jerry G.
Bretherton, Christopher S.
TI Aquaplanets, climate sensitivity, and low clouds
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION; AQUA-PLANET MODEL; WATER-VAPOR; PART I;
FEEDBACK; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION; SINGLE; SCHEME
AB Cloud effects have repeatedly been pointed out as the leading source of uncertainty in projections of future climate, yet clouds remain poorly understood and simulated in climate models. Aquaplanets provide a simplified framework for comparing and understanding cloud effects. and how they, are partitioned as a function of regime, in large-scale models. This work uses two climate models to demonstrate that aquaplanets can successfully predict a climate model's sensitivity to an idealized climate change. For both models. aquaplanet climate sensitivity is similar to that of the realistic configuration. tropical low clouds appear to play a leading role in determining the sensitivity. Regions of large-scale subsidence, which cover much of the tropics, are most directly responsible for the differences between the models. Although cloud effects and climate sensitivity are similar for aquaplanets and realistic configurations, the aquaplanets lack persistent stratocumulus in the tropical atmosphere. This. and an additional analysis of the cloud response in the realistically configured simulations, Suggests tire representation of shallow (trade wind) cumulus convection, which is ubiquitous in the tropics. is largely responsible for differences in the simulated climate sensitivity of these two models.
C1 [Medeiros, Brian] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Held, Isaac M.; Zhao, Ming] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Williamson, David L.; Olson, Jerry G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Bretherton, Christopher S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Medeiros, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Box 951565,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM brianpm@ucla.edu
RI Medeiros, Brian/A-3695-2009; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Zhao,
Ming/C-6928-2014
OI Medeiros, Brian/0000-0003-2188-4784; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475;
FU NOAA [NA17RJ1232-AM021]; NSF [ATM-0336703]; NSF Science and Technology
Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes [ATM-0425247]
FX We would like to thank the editors and reviewers for helpful comments.
This work has been supported by NOAA Grant NA17RJ1232-AM021 and NSF
Grant ATM-0336703, and by the NSF Science and Technology Center for
Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State
University under Agreement ATM-0425247.
NR 35
TC 86
Z9 87
U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 19
BP 4974
EP 4991
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI1995.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 353WO
UT WOS:000259599900005
ER
PT J
AU Foltz, GR
McPhaden, MJ
AF Foltz, Gregory R.
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI Impact of Saharan dust on tropical North Atlantic SST
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID LAYER HEAT-BALANCE; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; OPTICAL-THICKNESS;
PACIFIC-OCEAN; MINERAL DUST; TIME SCALES; AEROSOL; SURFACE; ALGORITHM;
CLIMATE
AB A combination of satellite and in situ datasets is used to investigate the impact of interannual changes in atmospheric dust content on the Sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Throughout most of the region the authors find. in agreement with previous studies, that positive anomalies of dust arc associated with a significant reduction in surface shortwave radiation (SWR), while negative anomalies Of dust are associated with an enhancement of SWR. Statistical analysis for 1984-2000 Suggests that changes in dustiness in the tropical North Atlantic (10 degrees-25 degrees N. 20 degrees-60 degrees W) explained approximately 35% of the observed interannual SST variability during boreal summer. when climatological dust concentrations are highest. Measurements from a long-term moored buoy in the central tropical North Atlantic are used to investigate the causes of anomalously Cool SST that Occurred in conjunction with a period of enhanced dustiness at the start of the unexpectedly quiet 2006 hurricane season. It is found that surface SWR varied Out of phase with dustiness. consistent with historical analyses. However. most of the anomalous cooling Occurred prior to the period of enhanced (lustiness and was driven primarily by wind-induced latent heat loss. with horizontal oceanic heat advection and SWR playing secondary roles. These results indicate that dust-induced changes in SWR did not play a major direct role in the cooling that led up to the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season.
C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov
RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X;
NR 60
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 19
BP 5048
EP 5060
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2232.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 353WO
UT WOS:000259599900009
ER
PT J
AU Dunion, JP
Marron, CS
AF Dunion, Jason P.
Marron, Christopher S.
TI A Reexamination of the Jordan Mean Tropical Sounding Based on Awareness
of the Saharan Air Layer: Results from 2002
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID CYCLONE; ATLANTIC
AB The Jordan mean tropical sounding has provided a benchmark for representing the climatology of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea since 1958. However, recent studies of the Saharan air layer (SAL) have suggested that the tropical atmosphere in these oceanic regions may contain two distinct soundings (SAL and non-SAL) with differing thermodynamic and kinematic structures and that a single mean sounding like Jordan's does not effectively represent these differences. This work addresses this possibility by examining over 750 rawinsondes from the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the 2002 hurricane season. It was found that a two-peak bimodal moisture distribution (dry SAL and moist non-SAL) exists in this region and that the Jordan sounding does not represent either distribution particularly well. Additionally, SAL soundings exhibited higher values of geopotential height, unique temperature profiles, and stronger winds (with an enhanced easterly component) compared to the moist tropical non-SAL soundings. The results of this work suggest that the Jordan mean tropical sounding may need to be updated to provide a more robust depiction of the thermodynamics and kinematics that exist in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the hurricane season.
C1 [Dunion, Jason P.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Dunion, Jason P.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
[Marron, Christopher S.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA.
RP Dunion, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM jason.dunion@noaa.gov
RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014
OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569
NR 12
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 20
BP 5242
EP 5253
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI1868.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 359TY
UT WOS:000260012200005
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, GC
Purkey, SG
Bullister, JL
AF Johnson, Gregory C.
Purkey, Sarah G.
Bullister, John L.
TI Warming and Freshening in the Abyssal Southeastern Indian Ocean
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; BOTTOM WATER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WEDDELL SEA;
DEEP; CHLOROFLUOROCARBON; CIRCULATION; VENTILATION; SEAWATER; BASIN
AB Warming and freshening of abyssal waters in the eastern Indian Ocean between 1994/95 and 2007 are quantified using data from two closely sampled high-quality occupations of a hydrographic section extending from Antarctica northward to the equator. These changes are limited to abyssal waters in the Princess Elizabeth Trough and the Australian-Antarctic Basin, with little abyssal change evident north of the Southeast Indian Ridge. As in previous studies, significant cooling and freshening is observed in the bottom potential temperature-salinity relations in these two southern basins. In addition, analysis on pressure surfaces shows abyssal warming of about 0.05 degrees C and freshening of about 0.01 Practical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS-78) in the Princess Elizabeth Trough, and warming of 0.1 degrees C with freshening of about 0.005 in the abyssal Australian-Antarctic Basin. These 12-yr differences are statistically significant from zero at 95% confidence intervals over the bottom few to several hundred decibars of the water column in both deep basins. Both warming and freshening reduce the density of seawater, contributing to the vertical expansion of the water column. The changes below 3000 dbar in these basins suggest local contributions approaching 1 and 4 cm of sea level rise, respectively. Transient tracer data from the 2007 occupation qualitatively suggest that the abyssal waters in the two southern basins exhibiting changes have significant components that have been exposed to the ocean surface within the last few decades, whereas north of the Southeast Indian Ridge, where changes are not found, the component of abyssal waters that have undergone such ventilation is much reduced.
C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Purkey, Sarah G.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov
RI Purkey, Sarah/K-1983-2012; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012
OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020
FU NOAA/NSF
FX The 1990s data were collected as part of the World Ocean Circulation
Experiment (WOCE) Hydrographic Program. The 2007 reoccupation of WOCE
sections I08S and I09N were part of the NOAA/NSF-funded U. S.
CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program. The hard work of all
of the contributors to the collection and processing of hydrographic
section data analyzed here is gratefully acknowledged. Comments by Scott
Doney, Howard Freeland, and an anonymous reviewer helped to improve the
manuscript. The NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and the
NOAA/Climate Program Office provided support. The findings and
conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
NR 36
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 20
BP 5351
EP 5363
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2384.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 359TY
UT WOS:000260012200012
ER
PT J
AU Lanzante, JR
Free, M
AF Lanzante, John R.
Free, Melissa
TI Comparison of Radiosonde and GCM Vertical Temperature Trend Profiles:
Effects of Dataset Choice and Data Homogenization
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPORAL HOMOGENIZATION; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE;
FORCINGS; MODELS; BIASES; ENSO
AB In comparisons of radiosonde vertical temperature trend profiles with comparable profiles derived from selected Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) general circulation models (GCMs) driven by major external forcings of the latter part of the twentieth century, model trends exhibit a positive bias relative to radiosonde trends in the majority of cases for both time periods examined (1960-99 and 1979-99). Homogeneity adjustments made in the Radiosonde Atmospheric Temperature Products for Assessing Climate (RATPAC) and Hadley Centre Atmospheric Temperatures, version 2 (HadAT2), radiosonde datasets, which are applied by dataset developers to account for time-varying biases introduced by historical changes in instruments and measurement practices, reduce the relative bias in most cases. Although some differences were found between the two observed datasets, in general the observed trend profiles were more similar to one another than either was to the GCM profiles.
In the troposphere, adjustment has a greater impact on improving agreement of the shapes of the trend profiles than on improving agreement of the layer mean trends, whereas in the stratosphere the opposite is true. Agreement between the shapes of GCM and radiosonde trend profiles is generally better in the stratosphere than the troposphere, with more complexity to the profiles in the latter than the former. In the troposphere the tropics exhibit the poorest agreement between GCM and radiosonde trend profiles, but also the largest improvement in agreement resulting from homogeneity adjustment.
In the stratosphere, radiosonde trends indicate more cooling than GCMs. For the 1979-99 period, a disproportionate amount of this discrepancy arises several months after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo, at which time temperatures in the radiosonde time series cool abruptly by similar to 0.5 K compared to those derived from GCMs, and this difference persists to the end of the record.
C1 [Lanzante, John R.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Free, Melissa] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Lanzante, JR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM john.lanzante@noaa.gov
NR 41
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 21
IS 20
BP 5417
EP 5435
DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2287.s1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 359TY
UT WOS:000260012200016
ER
PT J
AU Luckenbach, JA
Kusakabe, M
Swanson, P
Young, G
AF Luckenbach, John Adam
Kusakabe, Makoto
Swanson, Penny
Young, Graham
TI Unilateral ovariectomy increases egg size and reduces follicular atresia
in the semelparous coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND
PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; RAINBOW-TROUT; COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY;
STIMULATING-HORMONE; OVARIAN-FOLLICLES; REMAINING OVARY; CHINOOK SALMON;
OOCYTE GROWTH; LIFE-HISTORY; TRADE-OFF
AB Unilateral ovariectomy (ULO, removal of one ovary) is a powerful technique for Studying aspects of reproductive physiology, including follicular recruitment and growth. To examine effects of ULO for the first time in a semelparous species, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were unilaterally ovariectomized during mid-vitellogenesis approximately:3 months before spawning. At termination of the study (79 days post-surgery), single ovaries of ULO fish were gravimetrically equivalent to paired ovaries of sham surgery, control fish. There was no evidence of recruitment of new vitellogenic follicles. Instead, the dramatic increase in ovary mass was attributable to hypertrophy of existing vitellogenic follicles (33% increase in volume) and increased fecundity achieved through a greater than two-fold reduction in follicular atresia. The composition of whole ovaries on a dry weight basis from ULO fish was greater in protein, but lower in lipid than that of control fish. Expressing the data on a per follicle basis, however, showed that follicles of ULO fish contained more protein, ash, water, and lipid. The results indicate that ULO of coho salmon induces compensatory hypertrophy of existing vitellogenic follicles, while maximizing fecundity through reduction of atresia. Thus, 3 months before spawning, coho salmon exhibit the ability to adjust final egg size and number when faced with significant depletion of ovarian follicles. This in vivo system provides a platform for further study of physiological mechanisms regulating follicular growth and atresia, and the trade-off between egg size and egg number. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:468-476, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 [Luckenbach, John Adam; Kusakabe, Makoto; Young, Graham] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Luckenbach, John Adam; Swanson, Penny] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Kusakabe, Makoto] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Dept Marine Biosci, Tokyo 164, Japan.
[Swanson, Penny; Young, Graham] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Luckenbach, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM jalucken@u.washington.edu
NR 35
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1932-5223
J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A
JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A
PD OCT 1
PY 2008
VL 309A
IS 8
BP 468
EP 476
DI 10.1002/jez.476
PG 9
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 355PB
UT WOS:000259719700004
PM 18618597
ER
PT J
AU Yoon, M
Sato, S
Seeb, JE
Brykovk, V
Seeb, LW
Varnavskaya, NV
Wilmot, RL
Jin, DH
Urawa, S
Urano, A
Abe, S
AF Yoon, M.
Sato, S.
Seeb, J. E.
Brykovk, V.
Seeb, L. W.
Varnavskaya, N. V.
Wilmot, R. L.
Jin, D. H.
Urawa, S.
Urano, A.
Abe, S.
TI Mitochondrial DNA variation and genetic population structure of chum
salmon Oncorhynchus keta around the Pacific Rim
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE gene flow; genetic differentiation; geographic structure; Oncorhynchus
keta; post-glacial colonization
ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; WESTERN ALASKA; IDENTIFICATION; NORTHERN
AB A survey of mtDNA variation among populations of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta around the Pacific Rim revealed four large population groups: Rim of the Sea of Japan, the Rim of the Okhotsk Sea and West Bering Sea, North-west Alaska and Gulf of Alaska. The observed population structure appears to reflect isolation by distance with limited gene flow between regions and larger amounts of gene flow between populations within these four regions. (C) 2008 The Authors.
C1 [Abe, S.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.
[Yoon, M.; Abe, S.] Hokkaido Univ, Div Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Div Marine Biosci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan.
[Sato, S.; Urawa, S.] Natl Salmon Resources Ctr, Genet Sect, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0620922, Japan.
[Seeb, J. E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Brykovk, V.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Inst Marine Biol, Vladivostok 690600, Russia.
[Varnavskaya, N. V.] Kamchatka Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683602, Russia.
[Wilmot, R. L.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Auke Bay, AK 99801 USA.
[Jin, D. H.] Kangnung Natl Univ, Fac Marine Biosci & Technol, Kangnung 210702, South Korea.
RP Abe, S (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.
EM abesyu@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
FU U.S. North Pacific Research Board to the NPAFC Cooperative Research
[R0303]; Fisheries Agency of Japan; Northern Advancement Center for
Science and Technology; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science
and Technology, Japan
FX The present study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the U.S.
North Pacific Research Board to the NPAFC Cooperative Research (R0303),
the Fisheries Agency of Japan, Northern Advancement Center for Science
and Technology and the 21st COE programme of 'Marine Bio-Frontier for
Food Production' in Hokkaido University sponsored by the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 73
IS 5
BP 1256
EP 1266
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01995.x
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 357SA
UT WOS:000259865400014
ER
PT J
AU Sheldon, SA
Fiedler, FR
AF Sheldon, Shane A.
Fiedler, Fritz R.
TI Direct numerical simulation of Hortonian runoff resulting from
heterogeneous saturated hydraulic conductivity
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID AREAL-AVERAGE INFILTRATION; FIELD-SCALE INFILTRATION; SPATIAL
VARIABILITY; OVERLAND-FLOW; RAINFALL; MODEL; SOILS
AB A two-dimensional rainfall-runoff model is used to systematically explore the aggregate effect of spatially heterogeneous saturated hydraulic conductivity, K(s), on Hortonian runoff generation. The fully dynamic model integrates overland flow and infiltration to allow for the "interactive infiltration" process (run-on). Rainfall events varying in time and intensity were simulated on synthetic hillslopes with random and spatially correlated K(s) fields. Model grid size discretization recommendations are developed to fully capture the variation in K(s) and avoid limiting the spatial interactive infiltration opportunities as found in analysis of the effects of model grid size on spatially uncorrelated hillslopes. Our results show that on highly correlated K(s) fields, relative to the hillslope length, the infiltration due to interaction is less than half that of uncorrelated fields for low intensity events. Previous findings, are also substantiated and further explored, with explicit consideration of model discretization, that the variation in K(s) increases interaction by increasing the infiltration opportunity time, simultaneously, increasing runoff. Finally we investigate the rainfall durations, which produce maximum interaction, and find interaction peaks for rainfall events approximately 1.5 times longer than the hillslope average time to ponding.
C1 [Sheldon, Shane A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Sheldon, Shane A.; Fiedler, Fritz R.] Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Sheldon, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM shane.sheldon@noaa.gov
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1084-0699
J9 J HYDROL ENG
JI J. Hydrol. Eng.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 13
IS 10
BP 948
EP 959
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:10(948)
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 349CL
UT WOS:000259256300004
ER
PT J
AU Luo, LF
Wood, EF
AF Luo, Lifeng
Wood, Eric F.
TI Use of Bayesian Merging Techniques in a Multimodel Seasonal Hydrologic
Ensemble Prediction System for the Eastern United States
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VIC-2L MODEL; LAND; RIVER; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION; FORECASTS;
TIME
AB Skillful seasonal hydrologic predictions are useful in managing water resources, preparing for droughts and their impacts, energy planning, and many other related sectors. In this study, a seasonal hydrologic ensemble prediction system is developed and evaluated over the eastern United States, with a focus on the Ohio River basin. The system uses a hydrologic model (i.e., the Variable Infiltration Capacity model) as the central element for producing ensemble predictions of soil moisture, snow, and streamflow with lead times up to six months. One unique feature of this system is in the method for generating ensemble atmospheric forcings for the forecast period. It merges seasonal climate forecasts from multiple climate models with observed climatology in a Bayesian framework, such that the uncertainties related to the atmospheric forcings can be better quantified while the signals from individual models are combined. Simultaneously, climate model forecasts are downscaled to an appropriate spatial scale for hydrologic predictions. When generating daily meteorological forcing, the system uses the rank structures of selected historical forcing records to ensure reasonable weather patterns in space and time.
Seasonal hydrologic predictions are made with this system, using seasonal climate forecast from the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS), and from a combination of the NCEP CFS and seven climate models in the European Union's Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (CFS + DEMETER). Forecasts of these two types are made for the summer periods (May to October) of 1981-99 and are compared to forecasts produced with the traditional Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) approach used in operational seasonal streamflow predictions. The forecasts from this system for the summer of 1988 show very promising skill in precipitation, soil moisture, and streamflow over the Ohio River basin, especially the multimodel CFS + DEMETER forecast. The evaluation with all 19 summer forecasts shows that the multimodel CFS + DEMETER forecast is significantly better than the ESP forecast during the first two months of the forecasts. The advantage is marginal to moderate when only the CFS forecast is used. This study validates the approach of using seasonal climate predictions from dynamic climate models in hydrological predictions, and it also emphasizes the need for international collaborations to develop multimodel seasonal predictions.
C1 [Luo, Lifeng; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Luo, Lifeng] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Luo, LF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM lluo@princeton.edu
RI Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009
FU NOAA's Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) [NA17RJ2612]
FX This research was supported by NOAA's Climate Prediction Program for the
Americas (CPPA) Grant NA17RJ2612. This support is gratefully
acknowledged.
NR 33
TC 42
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 9
IS 5
BP 866
EP 884
DI 10.1175/2008JHM980.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 359UB
UT WOS:000260012500003
ER
PT J
AU Xu, XY
Howard, K
Zhang, J
AF Xu, Xiaoyong
Howard, Kenneth
Zhang, Jian
TI An Automated Radar Technique for the Identification of Tropical
Precipitation
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; WSR-88D; REFLECTIVITY; PROFILES; EVENTS
AB A radar-based automated technique for the identification of tropical precipitation was developed to improve quantitative precipitation estimation during extreme rainfall events. The technique uses vertical profiles of reflectivity to identify the potential presence of warm rain (i.e., tropical rainfall) microphysics and delineates the tropical rainfall region to which the tropical Z-R relationship is applied. The performance of the algorithm is examined based on case studies of five storms that produced extreme precipitation in the United States. Results demonstrate relative improvements in radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation through the automated identification of tropical rainfall and the subsequent adaptation of the tropical Z-R relation to account for the potential warm rain processes.
C1 [Xu, Xiaoyong; Zhang, Jian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Howard, Kenneth] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
RP Xu, XY (reprint author), NSSL WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM xiaoyong.xu@noaa.gov
FU Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Republic of China; NOAA-University of
Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227]; U. S. Department of
Commerce
FX Major funding for this research was provided through collaboration with
the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Republic of China, and partial
funding was provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative
Agreement NA17RJ1227, U. S. Department of Commerce. The authors also
thank Wenwu Xia and Carrie Langston for assembling and processing much
of the data. Sincere thanks to the three anonymous reviewers for their
helpful comments on the original manuscript.
NR 30
TC 30
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 9
IS 5
BP 885
EP 902
DI 10.1175/2007JHM954.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 359UB
UT WOS:000260012500004
ER
PT J
AU Liston, GE
Birkenheuer, DL
Hiemstra, CA
Cline, DW
Elder, K
AF Liston, Glen E.
Birkenheuer, Daniel L.
Hiemstra, Christopher A.
Cline, Donald W.
Elder, Kelly
TI NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Atmospheric Analyses
Datasets
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDICTION SYSTEM LAPS; LOCAL ANALYSIS
AB This paper describes the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) and the 20-km horizontal grid version of the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC20) atmospheric analyses datasets, which are available as part of the Cold Land Processes Field Experiment (CLPX) data archive. The LAPS dataset contains spatially and temporally continuous atmospheric and surface variables over Colorado, Wyoming, and parts of the surrounding states. The analysis used a 10-km horizontal grid with 21 vertical levels and an hourly temporal resolution. The LAPS archive includes forty-six 1D surface fields and nine 3D upper-air fields, spanning the period 1 September 2001 through 31 August 2003. The RUC20 dataset includes hourly 3D atmospheric analyses over the contiguous United States and parts of southern Canada and northern Mexico, with 50 vertical levels. The RUC20 archive contains forty-six 1D surface fields and fourteen 3D upper-air fields, spanning the period 1 October 2002 through 31 September 2003. The datasets are archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado.
C1 [Liston, Glen E.; Hiemstra, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Birkenheuer, Daniel L.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Cline, Donald W.] NOAA Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA.
[Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM liston@cira.colostate.edu
RI Birkenheuer, Daniel/E-7378-2015
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science
Enterprise [NAG511710]; Terrestrial Hydrology Program; Earth Observing
System Program; Airborne Science Program; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; U. S. Army Corps
of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; U. S. Army
Basic Research Program; National Space Development Agency of Japan
(NASDA); Japan Science and Technology Corporation; National Assembly for
Wales; Strategic Research Investment Fund; NOAA [NA17RJ1228]
FX This work was funded through the cooperation of many agencies and
organizations including the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise, Terrestrial Hydrology
Program, Earth Observing System Program, and Airborne Science Program;
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global
Programs; the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing
Research Program; the U. S. Army Basic Research Program; the National
Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); the Japan Science and
Technology Corporation; and the National Assembly for Wales, Strategic
Research Investment Fund. A portion of this work was conducted at the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology,
which was under contract to NASA. More than 200 people participated in
the planning and execution of CLPX 2002/03. Their efforts are very much
appreciated. The authors would also like to thank Stan Benjamin, John
McGinley, and Richard Lawford for their assistance in gaining access to
the LAPS data archive. This work was supported by NOAA Contract
NA17RJ1228 Amendment 6 and NASA Grant NAG511710.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 9
IS 5
BP 952
EP 956
DI 10.1175/2008JHM868.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 359UB
UT WOS:000260012500008
ER
PT J
AU Liston, GE
Hiemstra, CA
Elder, K
Cline, DW
AF Liston, Glen E.
Hiemstra, Christopher A.
Elder, Kelly
Cline, Donald W.
TI Mesocell Study Area Snow Distributions for the Cold Land Processes
Experiment (CLPX)
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TERRESTRIAL GAMMA-RADIATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM LAPS; COLORADO FRONT
RANGE; LOCAL ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; ARCTIC TUNDRA; ENERGY-BALANCE;
COVER; MOISTURE; MODEL
AB The Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) had a goal of describing snow-related features over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This required linking disparate snow tools and datasets into one coherent, integrated package. Simulating realistic high-resolution snow distributions and features requires a snow-evolution modeling system (SnowModel) that can distribute meteorological forcings, simulate snow-pack accumulation and ablation processes, and assimilate snow-related observations. A SnowModel was developed and used to simulate winter snow accumulation across three 30 km x 30 km domains, enveloping the CLPX mesocell study areas (MSAs) in Colorado. The three MSAs have distinct topography, vegetation, meteorological, and snow characteristics. Simulations were performed using a 30-m grid increment and spanned the snow accumulation season (1 October 2002-1 April 2003). Meteorological forcing was provided by 27 meteorological stations and 75 atmospheric analyses grid points, distributed using a meteorological model (MicroMet). The simulations included a data assimilation model (SnowAssim) that adjusted simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) toward ground-based and airborne SWE observations. The observations consisted of SWE over three 1 km x 1 km intensive study areas (ISAs) for each MSA and a collection of 117 airborne gamma observations, each integrating area 10 km long by 300 m wide. Simulated SWE distributions displayed considerably more spatial heterogeneity than the observations alone, and the simulated distribution patterns closely fit the current understanding of snow evolution processes and observed snow depths. This is the result of the MicroMet/SnowModel's relatively finescale representations of orographic precipitation, elevation-dependant snowmelt, wind redistribution, and snow-vegetation interactions.
C1 [Liston, Glen E.; Hiemstra, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Cline, Donald W.] NOAA Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA.
RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM liston@cira.colostate.edu
FU NASA [NAG5-11710, NNG04GP59G, NNG04HK191]; NOAA [NA17RJ1228]
FX The authors thank Dan Birkenheuer for kindly providing the LAPS
datasets. This work was supported by NASA Grants NAG5-11710, NNG04GP59G,
and NNG04HK191, and NOAA Grant NA17RJ1228.
NR 63
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 9
IS 5
BP 957
EP 976
DI 10.1175/2008JHM869.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 359UB
UT WOS:000260012500009
ER
PT J
AU Cui, QF
Liu, CL
Zha, XF
AF Cui, Qifeng
Liu, Chengliang
Zha, Xuan F.
TI Modeling and numerical analysis of a circular piezoelectric actuator for
valveless micropumps
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES
LA English
DT Article
DE micropump; piezoelectric actuator; numerical analysis; optimization
ID DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEM; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; BIMORPH
AB This article investigates mechanical behavior of a circular piezoelectric actuator for valveless micropumps. An analytical equation for analyzing the deflection of multi-layer piezoelectric structure is derived based on the electro-elastic theory and the thin plate theory. We assume that the distribution of electric potential along the thickness direction is governed by the square law to satisfy the Maxwell static electricity equation. The validity of the proposed analytical model is further studied by using the ANSYS software. Furthermore, the effects of the dimensions and material properties of a multi-layer piezoelectric structure on its deflection are analyzed for optimal design of the actuator. The simulation results show that the thickness ratio of the piezoelectric layer and the passive plate in the multi-layer structure can be optimized to obtain the largest deflection. The important design parameters of the piezoelectric actuator, such as the passive plate properties and material, and the piezoelectric layer dimension and material, and the bonding layer dimension and its excitation voltage, should be selected to improve the performance of the valveless micropump.
C1 [Cui, Qifeng; Liu, Chengliang; Zha, Xuan F.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
[Zha, Xuan F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zha, Xuan F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Zha, XF (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Dongchuan Rd 800, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
EM qf-cui@hotmail.com; chlliu@sjtu.edu.cn; xfzha@ieee.org
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50575145]
FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to anonymous reviewers
for their insightful comments and suggestions which helped improve the
paper. No approval or endorsement by US National Institute of Standards
and Technology is intended or implied. This project was supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 50575145).
NR 21
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 7
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1045-389X
J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR
JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 19
IS 10
BP 1195
EP 1205
DI 10.1177/1045389X07084204
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 354EB
UT WOS:000259620600008
ER
PT J
AU Antonucci, JM
Fowler, BO
Weir, MD
Skrtic, D
Stansbury, JW
AF Antonucci, Joseph M.
Fowler, Bruce O.
Weir, Michael D.
Skrtic, Drago
Stansbury, Jeffrey W.
TI Effect of ethyl-alpha-hydroxymethylacrylate on selected properties of
copolymers and ACP resin composites
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; BIOACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; CONVERSION;
ACRYLATES; HYBRID; ENAMEL
AB There is an increased interest in the development of bioactive polymeric dental composites and related materials that have potential for mineralized tissue regeneration and preservation. This study explores how the substitution of ethyl alpha-hydroxymethylacryate (EHMA) for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in photo-activated 2,2-bis[p-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) and Bis-GMA/tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resins affected selected physicochemical properties of the polymers and their amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) composites. Rate of polymerization and the degree of conversion (DC) of polymers {EHMA (E), HEMA (H), Bis-GMA/EHMA (BE), Bis-GMA/HEMA (BH), Bis-GMA/TEGDMA/EHMA (BTE) and Bis-GMA/TEGDMA/HEMA (BTH)} were assessed by photo-differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. ACP/BTE and ACP/BTH composites were evaluated for DC, biaxial flexure strength (BFS), water sorption (WS) and mineral ion release. Mid-FTIR and near-IR measurements revealed the following order of decreasing DC: [E, H polymers (97.0%)] > [BE copolymer (89.9%)] > [BH copolymer (86.2%)] > [BTE, BTH copolymers (85.5%)] > [ACP/BTH composite (82.6%)] > [ACP/BTE composite (79.3%)]. Compared to HEMA, EHMA did not adversely affect the BFS of its copolymers and/or ACP composites. Lower WS of BTE copolymers and composites (28% and 14%, respectively, compared to the BTH copolymers and composites) only marginal reduced the ion release from ACP/BTE composites compared to ACP/BTH composites. More hydrophobic ACP composites with acceptable ion-releasing properties were developed by substituting the less hydrophilic EHMA for HEMA.
C1 [Antonucci, Joseph M.; Fowler, Bruce O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Weir, Michael D.; Skrtic, Drago] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stansbury, Jeffrey W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stansbury, Jeffrey W.] Univ Colorado, Sch Dent Med, Dept Craniofacial Biol, Aurora, CO USA.
RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov
RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013
OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787
FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [13169];
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)/NIDCR Interagency
Agreement XI-DE-7006
FX Reported work was supported by the National Institute of Dental and
Craniofacial Research (NIDCR: Grant DE 13169 to the American Dental
Association Foundation (ADAF) and the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST)/NIDCR Interagency Agreement XI-DE-7006). It is a
part of the dental material research program conducted by NIST in
cooperation with ADAF and was also supported by both NIST and ADAF.
Generous contribution of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA and HEMA monomers from Esstech,
Essington, PA, USA, and CGI 1700 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals
Corporation, Tarrytown, NY, USA is gratefully acknowledged. Authors also
acknowledge technical assistance of Mr. J. N. R. O'Donnell.
NR 25
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0957-4530
J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M
JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 19
IS 10
BP 3263
EP 3271
DI 10.1007/s10856-008-3463-9
PG 9
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 340PD
UT WOS:000258656600014
PM 18470701
ER
PT J
AU Hurst, KE
Dillon, AC
Yang, S
Lehman, JH
AF Hurst, Katherine E.
Dillon, Anne C.
Yang, Shao
Lehman, John H.
TI Purification of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes As a Function of UV
Wavelength, Atmosphere, and Temperature
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER IRRADIATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE;
OXIDATION; PURITY; FILMS
AB We investigate the purification of as-prepared single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by exposure to pulsed 193 and 248 nm laser light, as well as lamp wavelengths of 254 and 185 mn. Raman spectroscopy before and after laser exposure indicates the removal of non-nanotube material without modification of the distribution of tube diameter for material exposed to a 248 nm laser, while 193 nm laser light does not selectively oxidize carbon impurities. The mechanism of purification is further considered in the context of atmosphere (oxygen, ozone, nitrogen or partial vacuum) and temperature (measured average and calculated maximum). A mathematical model for pulsed laser heating is used to estimate the maximum temperature achieved during laser excitation. We attribute the purification of nanotube samples to photophysical interactions of the pulsed 248 nm photons in resonance with sp(2) carbon.
C1 [Hurst, Katherine E.; Yang, Shao; Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Dillon, Anne C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Hurst, KE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM khurst@boulder.nist.gov
NR 23
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 42
BP 16296
EP 16300
DI 10.1021/jp804201y
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 361LO
UT WOS:000260129400025
ER
PT J
AU Little, CM
Gnanadesikan, A
Hallberg, R
AF Little, Christopher M.
Gnanadesikan, Anand
Hallberg, Robert
TI Large-scale oceanographic constraints on the distribution of melting and
freezing under ice shelves
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE-ICE; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; BENEATH; ANTARCTICA; PACIFIC; EDDIES;
PLUMES; RATES; WATER
AB Previous studies suggest that ice shelves experience asymmetric melting and freezing. Topography may constrain oceanic circulation (and thus basal melt-freeze patterns) through its influence on the potential vorticity (PV) field. However, melting and freezing induce a local circulation that may modify locations of heat transport to the ice shelf. This paper investigates the influence of buoyancy fluxes on locations of melting and freezing under different bathymetric conditions. An idealized set of numerical simulations (the "decoupled" simulations) employs spatially and temporally fixed diapycnal fluxes. These experiments, in combination with scaling considerations, indicate that while flow in the interior is governed by large-scale topographic gradients, recirculation plumes dominate near buoyancy fluxes. Thermodynamically decoupled models are then compared to those in which ice-ocean heat and freshwater fluxes are driven by the interior flow (the "coupled" simulations). Near the southern boundary, strong cyclonic flow forced by melt-induced upwelling drives inflow and melting to the east. Recirculation is less evident in the upper water column, as shoaling of meltwater-freshened layers dissipates the dynamic influence of buoyancy forcing, yet freezing remains intensified in the west. In coupled simulations, the flow throughout the cavity is relatively insensitive to bathymetry; stratification, the slope of the ice shelf, and strong, meridionally distributed buoyancy fluxes weaken its influence.
C1 [Little, Christopher M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Gnanadesikan, Anand; Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Little, CM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Room 28,Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM cmlittle@princeton.edu
RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008
OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116
FU GFDL; Princeton University; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science
FX We thank GFDL for the use of its computing resources and advice from its
community, particularly the helpful reviews of Sonya Legg and Mike
Winton. CML would like to thank Michael Oppenheimer for guidance, David
Holland and Stan Jacobs for their thoughts and encouragement, and
Michael Dinniman and Harmut Hellmer for comments on this manuscript. CML
receives research funding from GFDL (through the Cooperative Institute
for Climate Science), the Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy
program in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
at Princeton University, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Science to Achieve Results (EPA STAR) graduate fellowship program. EPA
has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed
herein may not reflect the views of the EPA.
NR 27
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 38
IS 10
BP 2242
EP 2255
DI 10.1175/2008JPO3928.1
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 357DS
UT WOS:000259827100007
ER
PT J
AU West, DV
Huang, Q
Zandbergen, HW
McQueen, TM
Cava, RJ
AF West, D. V.
Huang, Q.
Zandbergen, H. W.
McQueen, T. M.
Cava, R. J.
TI Structural disorder, octahedral coordination and two-dimensional
ferromagnetism in anhydrous alums
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Geometric frustration; Ferromagnetism; Chromium; Anhydrous alum;
Triangular; Sulfate; Layered; Two-dimensional; Structural disorder
ID TRIANGULAR-LATTICE MAGNETS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; YAVAPAIITE; CS; RB
AB The crystal structures of the triangular lattice, layered anhydrous alums KCr(SO4)(2), RbCr(SO4)(2) and KAl(SO4), are characterized by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) at temperatures between 1.4 and 773 K. The compounds all crystallize in the space group P (3) over bar, with octahedral coordination of the trivalent cations. In all cases, small amounts of disorder in the stackirw of the triangular layers of corner Sharing MO,; octahedra and SO,, tetrahedra is seen, with the MO6-SO4,, network rotated in opposite directions between layers. The electron diffraction study of KCr(SO4)(4) supports this model, which on an average can he taken to imply trigonal prismatic coordination for the M3+ ions: as was previously reported for the prototype anhydrous alum, KAl(SO4)(2). The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibilities for ACr(SO4)(2) (A = K, Rb, Cs) indicate the presence of predominantly ferromagnetic interactions. Low-temperature powder neutron diffraction reveals that the magnetic ordering is ferromagnetic in-plane, with antiferromagnetic ordering between planes below 3K. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [West, D. V.; McQueen, T. M.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Frick Lab, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zandbergen, H. W.] Tech Univ Delft, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Delft, Netherlands.
RP West, DV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Frick Lab, Dept Chem, Room 114, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM barelytone@gmail.com
FU NSF program in Solid State Chemistry [NSF DMR-0703095]; US Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research
FX This research Was Supported by the NSF program in Solid State Chemistry,
Grant no. NSF DMR-0703095. Certain commercial materials and equipment
are identified in this report to describe the subject adequately. Such
identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST,
nor does it imply that the materials and equipment identified are
necessarily the best available for the purpose. We gratefully
acknowledge Peter W. Stephens for his assistance in obtaining the
synchrotron X-ray patterns. Use of the National Synchrotron Light
Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. T.M. McQueen gratefully
acknowledges support of the National Science Foundation Graduate
Research Fellowship Program.
NR 17
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 181
IS 10
BP 2768
EP 2775
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.07.006
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 365WU
UT WOS:000260441000033
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, JJ
Allen, AJ
Jennings, HM
AF Thomas, Jeffrey J.
Allen, Andrew J.
Jennings, Hamlin M.
TI Structural Changes to the Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate Gel Phase of Hydrated
Cement with Age, Drying, and Resaturation
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID C-S-H; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; TRICALCIUM SILICATE;
COLLOID MODEL; SURFACE-AREA; PASTE; MICROSTRUCTURE; SHRINKAGE; MOISTURE
AB The effects of drying to various relative humidity (RH) levels on the internal structure of hydrated cement paste were investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Specimens of young and mature portland cement paste were analyzed in the initial saturated state, in the dried state, and then again after resaturation, allowing reversible and irreversible effects to be separated. While the observed changes on drying are mainly physical in nature, the ability of the microstructure to resist permanent structural rearrangement increased over time as the hydration and aging reactions progressed. Permanent changes to the nanometer-to-micrometer scale microstructure induced by drying were quantified by applying a fractal model to the SANS data for resaturated pastes. At RH levels above approximate to 54%, capillary stresses compact the nanometer-level pore structure of the calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel phase, increasing the gel density by a mechanism related to that governing the classical "constant rate period" for pure gels. Owing to the restraining effects of the other solid phases in cement paste, this decrease in the volume of the C-S-H gel also increases the intensity of surface fractal scattering that arises from the deposition of hydration product onto the surface of the reacting cement particles. At all RH levels, but particularly below 54%, drying decreases the measured total internal surface area of the specimens. This is attributed to a loss of surface area at particle contacts as the average separation distance between adjacent C-S-H gel nanoparticles decreases on drying.
C1 [Thomas, Jeffrey J.; Jennings, Hamlin M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Allen, Andrew J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jennings, Hamlin M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM jthomas@northwestern.edu
RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; Thomas, Jeffrey/B-7103-2009; Chen,
Wei/A-5694-2010;
OI Thomas, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2897-2023
FU National Science Foundation [CMS 0409571, DMR-9986442]
FX The work performed at Northwestern University was supported by the
National Science Foundation under contract CMS 0409571. The work at NIST
utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation
under Agreement No. DMR-9986442.
NR 36
TC 29
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 27
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 91
IS 10
BP 3362
EP 3369
DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02636.x
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 359FQ
UT WOS:000259972200039
ER
PT J
AU Percec, V
Peterca, M
Dulcey, AE
Imam, MR
Hudson, SD
Nummelin, S
Adelman, P
Heiney, PA
AF Percec, Virgil
Peterca, Mihai
Dulcey, Andres E.
Imam, Mohammad R.
Hudson, Steven D.
Nummelin, Sami
Adelman, Peter
Heiney, Paul A.
TI Hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimers
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Review
ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE DENDRIMERS; SELF-ASSEMBLING DENDRONS; TAPER-SHAPED
MONOESTERS; AMPHIPHILIC DENDRITIC DIPEPTIDES; PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING
DENDRIMERS; CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERIC AB(2); MOLECULAR APPLE PEELS;
HELICAL PORES; STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY; BUILDING-BLOCKS
AB The synthesis of a library containing 12 conical dendrons that self-assemble into hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimers is reported. The design principles for this library were accessed by development of a method that allows the identification of hollow spheres, followed by structural and retrostructural analysis of their Pm (3) over barn cubic lattice. The first hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimer was made by replacing the tapered dendron, from the previously reported tapered dendritic dipeptide that self-assembled into helical pores, with its constitutional isomeric conical dendron. This strategy generated a conical dendritic dipeptide that self-assembled into a hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimer that self-organizes in a Pm (3) over barn cubic lattice. Other examples of hollow spheres were assembled from conical dendrons without a dipeptide at their apex. These are conical dendrons originated from tapered dendrons containing additional benzyl ether groups at their apex. The inner part of the hollow sphere assembled from the dipeptide resembles the path of a spherical helix or loxodrome and, therefore, is chiral. The spheres assembled from other conical dendrons are nonhelical, even when they contain stereocenters on the alkyl groups from their periphery. Functionalization of the apex of the conical dendrons with diethylene glycol allowed the encapsulation of LiOTf and RbOTf in the center of the hollow sphere. These experiments showed that hollow spheres function as supramolecular dendritic capsules and therefore are expected to display functions complementary to those of other related molecular and supramolecular structures.
C1 [Percec, Virgil; Peterca, Mihai; Dulcey, Andres E.; Imam, Mohammad R.; Nummelin, Sami; Adelman, Peter] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Peterca, Mihai; Heiney, Paul A.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Percec, V (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM percec@sas.upenn.edu
RI Peterca, Mihai/C-9504-2009; Percec, Virgil/H-6316-2014; Imam,
Mohammad/E-3787-2015; Nummelin, Sami/O-5741-2015
OI Peterca, Mihai/0000-0002-7247-4008; Percec, Virgil/0000-0001-5926-0489;
Imam, Mohammad/0000-0003-0794-3725; Nummelin, Sami/0000-0003-2195-4818
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0548559, DMR-0520020]
FX Financial support by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0548559 and
DMR-0520020) and the P. Roy Vagelos Chair at Penn is gratefully
acknowledged. We also thank Professor G. Ungar from the University of
Sheffield for reading the manuscript and for constructive suggestions.
NR 128
TC 62
Z9 63
U1 5
U2 45
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD OCT 1
PY 2008
VL 130
IS 39
BP 13079
EP 13094
DI 10.1021/ja8034703
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 353GI
UT WOS:000259553700054
PM 18771261
ER
PT J
AU Kuester, MA
Alexander, MJ
Ray, EA
AF Kuester, M. A.
Alexander, M. J.
Ray, E. A.
TI A model study of gravity waves over Hurricane Humberto (2001)
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; DEEP TROPICAL CONVECTION; MOMENTUM FLUX;
LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRUM; CYCLONE; WIND;
PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION
AB Atmospheric gravity waves are known to influence global circulations. Understanding these waves and their sources help to develop parameterizations that include their effects in climate and weather forecasting models. Deep convection is believed to be a major source for these waves and hurricanes may be particularly intense sources. Simulations of Hurricane Humberto (2001) are studied using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5). Humberto is simulated at both tropical storm and hurricane stages. Fourier transform and wavelet analysis are employed to investigate wave characteristics and their behavior in the lower stratosphere. The Fourier analysis gives a regional view of storm affects, whereas wavelet analysis gives a local picture of isolated events. Analysis of the movement of convective sources and local winds gives further insight into the mechanisms that can cause gravity waves. Convectively generated gravity waves are observed in the lower stratosphere of this model with horizontal scales of 15-300 km, vertical scales of 4-8 km, and intrinsic periods of approximately 20-100 min.
C1 [Kuester, M. A.] Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Alexander, M. J.] NWRA, Colorado Res Associates Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Ray, E. A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ray, E. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Kuester, MA (reprint author), Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, 3223 Arapahoe Ave,Suite 210, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM mkuester@neoninc.org
RI Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849;
FU National Science Foundation Physical and Dynamical Meteorology Program
[ATM-0234230, ATM-0632378]
FX The authors wish to acknowledge Gerry Heymsfield for his assistance with
the EDOP data acquired during the CAMEX-4 campaign. This material is
based on work supported by the National Science Foundation Physical and
Dynamical Meteorology Program under Grants ATM-0234230 and ATM-0632378.
NR 41
TC 37
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 10
BP 3231
EP 3246
DI 10.1175/2008JAS2372.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 357BS
UT WOS:000259821900013
ER
PT J
AU Vukicevic, T
AF Vukicevic, Tomislava
TI Comments on "Issues Regarding the Assimilation of Cloud and
Precipitation Data"
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; ADJOINT
SENSITIVITY; OBSERVATIONAL OPERATOR; INFORMATION-CONTENT; INITIAL
CONDITIONS; SPECTRAL MODEL; RADIANCES
C1 [Vukicevic, Tomislava] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Vukicevic, Tomislava] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Vukicevic, Tomislava] Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Vukicevic, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Tomislava.Vukicevic@colorado.edu
RI Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 65
IS 10
BP 3344
EP 3347
DI 10.1175/2008JAS2748.1
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 357BS
UT WOS:000259821900022
ER
PT J
AU Min, DH
Lee, SB
Moreland, J
AF Min, D. H.
Lee, S. B.
Moreland, John
TI In-Situ Torque Magnetometry: Magnetic Coupling in Fe/Cr/Fe Thin-Film
Systems
SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE MEMES torque magnetometer; Cantilever; Interlayer exchange coupling
ID FE LAYERS; EXCHANGE; CR; MAGNETORESISTANCE; OSCILLATIONS
AB We have developed an ultra-sensitive torque magnetometer tailored to the study of thin-film interface magnetism and interlayer magnetic exchange coupling. The magnetometer was composed of an optical-fiber interferometer and a customized silicon cantilever that was fabricated using silicon micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology. The performance of the magnetometer was gauged by measuring the couplings of the Fe/Cr/Fe trilayer system deposited on a Si < 110 > substrate. The antiferomagnetic stacking of the Cr layers of the Fe/Cr/Fe system and the parallel or the antiparallel coupling between the bottom Fe and the top Fe layers with various Cr spacer thicknesses were monitored by using a MEMS torque magnetometer. We found short- (similar to 2.05 ML Cr spacer thickness) and long-period (similar to 13.80 ML Cr spacer thickness) oscillations of the interlayer exchange coupling of the Fe/Cr/Fe trilayer system.
C1 [Min, D. H.; Lee, S. B.] Hanyang Univ, Div Elect & Comp Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea.
[Moreland, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Min, DH (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Div Elect & Comp Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea.
EM dhmin@hanyang.ac.kr
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI SEOUL
PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA
SN 0374-4884
J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC
JI J. Korean Phys. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 53
IS 4
BP 2057
EP 2061
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 361AR
UT WOS:000260100400051
ER
PT J
AU Rice, MA
Homier, PM
Waters, KR
Anseth, KS
AF Rice, M. A.
Homier, P. M.
Waters, K. R.
Anseth, K. S.
TI Effects of directed get degradation and collagenase digestion on the
integration of neocartilage produced by chondrocytes encapsulated in
hydrogel carriers
SO JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE cartilage; tissue engineering; integration; hydrogels; poly(ethylene
glycol)
ID ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE REPAIR; AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTES; ULTRASOUND
INDENTATION; IN-VITRO; TRANSPLANTATION; MODEL; INTERFACE; PHENOTYPE;
STRENGTH; MATRICES
AB Chondrocytes were encapsulated in non-degrading and partially degrading poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) gels in apposition to native cartilage layers in order to examine the effects of gel degradation on the integration of regenerated cartilaginous matrix with native tissue. In addition, the effect of collagenase predigestion of the native cartilage surfaces on this integration was examined in studies with partially degrading co-polymer gels. Integration was quantitatively assessed by mechanical measurements of adhesive strength, and visualized by histological staining and non-destructive ultrasound analysis. Constructs with encapsulated chondrocytes and a non-degrading gel layer had significantly higher adhesive strength than partially degrading gel constructs and non-degrading gel constructs without cells. In addition, better maintenance of proper cell morphology was observed near the gel-cartilage interface in non-degrading gel constructs than in partially degrading gel constructs after 8 weeks of in vitro culture. Facile collagen distribution in the degrading gels appeared to have a significant effect on mechanical adhesion measurements only when the native cartilage surface was predigested with collagenase. Ultrasound analysis provided qualitative evidence of cartilaginous matrix evolution and non-destructive imaging of developing constructs and the interface between newly formed matrix and existing cartilage tissue. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Rice, M. A.; Homier, P. M.; Anseth, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Waters, K. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Anseth, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Anseth, KS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Kristi.anseth@colorado.edu
FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIH [R01 AR53126]
FX The authors thank the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the NIH (R01
AR53126) for funding these experiments. In addition, we thank the
Department of Education GAANN program for funding to M.A.R. This
research was performed while K.R.W. held a National Research Council
Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology. This work contained no human or animal experiments and the
authors hold no conflicts of interest.
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 12
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1932-6254
J9 J TISSUE ENG REGEN M
JI J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 2
IS 7
BP 418
EP 429
DI 10.1002/term.113
PG 12
WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell
Biology; Engineering, Biomedical
SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering
GA 360ZB
UT WOS:000260096200005
PM 18727135
ER
PT J
AU Norman, SA
DiGiacomo, RF
Gulland, FMD
Meschke, JS
Lowry, MS
AF Norman, Stephanie A.
DiGiacomo, Ronald F.
Gulland, Frances M. D.
Meschke, John Scott
Lowry, Mark S.
TI RISK FACTORS FOR AN OUTBREAK OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS
(ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) IN CALIFORNIA, 2004
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE California sea lion; case-control study; epidemiology; geographic
information system; leptospirosis; outbreak; Zalophus californianus
ID DISEASE; COAST; DOGS; DIAGNOSIS
AB Leptospirosis has been reported in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) since 1970; however, the source of infection and mode of transmission remain unknown. To elucidate these features, demographic and environmental risk factors for leptospirosis were evaluated. California sea lion stranding records from northern California for 2004 were used to identify cases of leptospirosis (n=316) and controls (n=143). Demographic characteristics (age class, sex) and environmental factors, representing surrogates for exposure to dogs, cattle, rainfall, and freshwater sources, were compared between cases and controls with the use of a geographic information system (GIS) and logistic regression. Multivariate analyses revealed that summer and autumn seasons, juvenile age class, male sex, high dog-park density, and close proximity to dog parks were significantly associated with leptospirosis in sea lions, whereas county farmland cattle density, rainfall levels 30 days prior to stranding, human density, and proximity to freshwater sources were not associated. Thus, dogs and dog parks, or factors associated with them, might be further investigated to assess their relationship to leptospirosis in sea lions.
C1 [Norman, Stephanie A.; DiGiacomo, Ronald F.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marin Headlands, Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA.
[Meschke, John Scott] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Lowry, Mark S.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
RP Norman, SA (reprint author), 24225 15th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98021 USA.
EM whaledoc@verizon.net
FU NOAA/Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Washington State Business;
Professional Women's Foundation
FX The authors wish to express sincere appreciation to G. Ylitalo, T.
Collier, T. Hom, and J. Stein at the NOAA/Northwest Fisheries Science
Center and the Washington State Business and Professional Women's
Foundation, for financial support of S.N. We thank C. Moore for his
review of the manuscript, G. van Belle and K. I Hinckley Stukovsky for
assistance with statistical questions, K. Stancel and F. Donnelly for
assistance with GIS, and M. Ward and T. Koepsell for assistance with
interpretation of leptospirosis epidemiology. Caroline Cameron kindly
provided insights on leptospirosis. We are grateful to the staff and
volunteers of The Marine Mammal Center for providing the data for this
study.
NR 36
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Z9 7
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 44
IS 4
BP 837
EP 844
PG 8
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 370ZL
UT WOS:000260801500005
PM 18957639
ER
PT J
AU Rimmer, C
Lippa, K
Sander, L
AF Rimmer, Catherine (Kate)
Lippa, Katrice
Sander, Lane
TI Shape Selectivity in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography
SO LC GC NORTH AMERICA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID OCTADECYLSILANE STATIONARY PHASES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS;
MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MIXED TRIFUNCTIONAL SILANES;
SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ALKYL CHAIN CONFORMATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY;
SURFACE COVERAGE; HORIZONTAL POLYMERIZATION; SILICA-GELS
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rimmer, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 40
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS
PI DULUTH
PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA
SN 1527-5949
J9 LC GC N AM
JI LC GC N. AM.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 26
IS 10
BP 984
EP +
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 363CY
UT WOS:000260244700002
ER
PT J
AU Lankin, KF
Peck, MA
Buckley, LJ
Bengtson, DA
AF Lankin, Kate F.
Peck, Myron A.
Buckley, Lawrence J.
Bengtson, David A.
TI The effects of temperature, body size and growth rate on energy losses
due to metabolism in early life stages of haddock (Melanogrammus
aeglefinus)
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; LARVAL ATLANTIC COD; OF-THE-YEAR; GEORGES-BANK;
SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; ROUTINE METABOLISM;
FOOD-CONSUMPTION; TELEOST FISHES; RESPIRATION
AB Rates of routine respiration (RR, mu l O-2 fish(-1) h(-1)) and total ammonia nitrogen excretion (ER, mu g NH4- N + NH3-N fish(-1) h(-1)) were measured on larval and juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) to ascertain how energy losses due to metabolism were influenced by temperature (T), dry body mass (M-D, mg) and specific growth rate (SGR,% per day). R-R and E-R increased with M-D according to y = a . M-D(b) with b-values of 0.96, 0.98, 1.14, and 0.89, 0.78, 0.74, respectively, at 10, 7, and 4 degrees C, respectively. Multiple regressions explained 98% of the variability in the combined effects of MD and T on RR and E-R in larval haddock: R-R = 0.97 . M-D(0.98) . e (0.092) (. T); E-R = 0.06 . M-D(0.79) . e (0.092 . T). In young juvenile (24-30 mm standard length) haddock, R-R tended to decline (P = 0.06) and E-R significantly declined (P = 0.02) with increasing SGR. O: N ratios significantly increased with increasing SGR suggesting that N was spared in relatively fast-growing individuals. Our results for young larval and juvenile haddock suggest: (1) nearly isometric scaling of R-R with increasing body size, (2) allometric scaling of E-R with increasing body size, (3) Q(10) values of 2.5 for both R-R and E-R, (4) metabolic differences in substrate utilization between relatively fast- and slow-growing individuals, and (5) that rates of routine energy loss and growth were not positively related. The measurements in this study will provide robust parameter estimates for individual-based models that are currently being utilized to investigate how variability in climatic forcing influences the vital rates of early life stages of haddock. Our results also stress that inter-individual differences in rates of energy loss should not be overlooked as a factor influencing growth variability among individuals.
C1 [Peck, Myron A.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany.
[Lankin, Kate F.; Bengtson, David A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
[Buckley, Lawrence J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, URI NOAA CMER Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Peck, MA (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, Olbersweg 24, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany.
EM myron.peck@uni-hamburg.de
RI Peck, Myron/H-6164-2011
FU US NOAA NMFS Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program
[NA04NMF4550377]; "GLOBEC-Germany'' program [FKZ 03FO320E]
FX The research was funded by US NOAA NMFS Cooperative Marine Education and
Research Program (# NA04NMF4550377) awarded to DAB and MAP. Partial
funding for this research was received from the "GLOBEC-Germany''
program (FKZ 03FO320E).
NR 43
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 22
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0025-3162
EI 1432-1793
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 155
IS 5
BP 461
EP 472
DI 10.1007/s00227-008-1043-7
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 349JE
UT WOS:000259276300001
ER
PT J
AU Adams, J
Houde, M
Muir, D
Speakman, T
Bossart, G
Fair, P
AF Adams, Jeffrey
Houde, Magali
Muir, Derek
Speakman, Todd
Bossart, Gregory
Fair, Patricia
TI Land use and the spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds as
measured in the plasma of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Perfluoroalkyl compounds; Bottlenose dolphin; Land use; Urbanization;
Spatial scale; Habitat; Estuaries; Coastal zone
ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; PERFLUORINATED ACIDS; HABITAT USE; PATTERNS;
SEDIMENTS; MEXICO; JAPAN; KOREA; OCEAN; WATER
AB The distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in the environment is well documented with higher concentrations observed in wildlife located in industrial and urban areas. This study examined the distribution of PFCs in relation to land use using blood samples collected from bottlenose dolphins during capture-release health assessment surveys conducted in Charleston, SC. The study area was partitioned into three subareas (ACW, CHS, and SRE) based upon habitat and land use characteristics. The ACW and CHS subareas are characterized by high degrees of industrial and urban land uses, while the SRE subarea is more residential and characterized by a lower degree of developed land use. Long-term monitoring data from photo-identification surveys were used to group bottlenose dolphins based on their proportions of sightings in the different subareas. Dolphins affiliated with both the ACW and CHS subareas were observed to have significantly higher mean plasma concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) than those affiliated with the SRE subarea. Dolphins affiliated with the ACW subarea were found to have a significantly higher mean plasma concentration of PFUnA than those affiliated with the CHS subarea. Further examination of the distribution of the PFCs revealed positive correlations with developed land uses and negative correlations with wetland/marsh land cover. A positive correlation was also observed between PFUnA and agricultural land use. The variability and scale of the observed contaminant burdens have important implications for the conservation and management of living marine resources and illustrates the importance of long-term monitoring of free-ranging wildlife species. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Adams, Jeffrey; Speakman, Todd; Fair, Patricia] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Houde, Magali] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
[Muir, Derek] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Bossart, Gregory] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA.
RP Adams, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM jeff.Adams@noaa.gov
OI Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776
FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding
Response Program
FX We would like to thank the numerous researchers who participated in the
capture-and-release field Study and photo-identification research in
Charleston, SC. We are especially grateful to Eric Zolman, Dr. Forrest
Townsend, Larry Fulford, Larry Hansen, and all of the NOAA and HBOI
staff and volunteers who provided their expertise. Thanks are also
extended to the following reviewers: Dr. Thomas Greig, Mr. Wayne McFee,
and Dr. Lori Schwacke. The capture and release field study from which
the blood samples were collected was conducted under National Marine
Fisheries Permit No. 998-1678-00, issued to Gregory Bossart, V.M.D"
Ph.D. of Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution in March 2003. This
study was supported through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR and NOAA Fisheries Marine
Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program.
NR 34
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U1 3
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 66
IS 4
BP 430
EP 437
DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.07.004
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Toxicology
GA 368RO
UT WOS:000260640400005
PM 18768218
ER
PT J
AU Munger, LM
Wiggins, SM
Moore, SE
Hildebrand, JA
AF Munger, Lisa M.
Wiggins, Sean M.
Moore, Sue E.
Hildebrand, John A.
TI North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) seasonal and diel calling
patterns from long-term acoustic recordings in the southeastern Bering
Sea, 2000-2006
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE North Pacific right whale; Eubalaena japonica; acoustic monitoring;
Bering Sea
ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HUMPBACK WHALES;
BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; BOWHEAD WHALES; FIN WHALES; SOUNDS; ALASKA;
GLACIALIS; SONGS
AB We assessed North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) seasonal and daily calling patterns in the southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS) using long-term hydrophone recordings from October 2000 through January 2006. We detected right whale calls on the SEBS middle shelf (< 100 m depth) as early as May, intermittently throughout summer and fall, and as late as December. Calls also were detected on one day in June 2005 on the SEBS slope (> 1,000 m), but were not detected near Kodiak Island from April to August 2003. In months with calls, detections occurred on more days in July-October (>= 6 d/mo), than from May to June or November to December (<= 3 d/mo). Calls were clustered in time and were usually detected on 1-3 consecutive days with a median interval of 6.5 d for calls > 1 d apart. Hourly calling rates were significantly higher at night than during the day. These data indicate that right whales occur in the SEBS later in the year than previously known, intermittently pass through the middle-shelf study region, and usually remain there no longer than a few days. Right whale habitat use in the SEBS may intensify in mid-summer through early fall based on higher monthly and daily call detection rates.
C1 [Munger, Lisa M.; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Munger, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0205, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM lmunger@ucsd.edu
FU OAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center/National Marine Mammal Laboratory
(AFSC/NMML) [NA17RJ1231]; North Pacific Marine Research Institute
[T-2100]; North Pacific Research Board [R-0307, F0519]; Alaska
Department of Fish and Game [T-1-6-4]; National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation
FX This work was supported by NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center/National
Marine Mammal Laboratory (AFSC/NMML) via JIMO budget no. NA17RJ1231,
North Pacific Marine Research Institute (project T-2100) and North
Pacific Research Board (projects R-0307 and F0519), Alaska Department of
Fish and Game (ADFG project T-1-6-4; special thanks to Bob Small), and
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. We thank Phyllis Stabeno and her
colleagues from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory for their
collaboration in integrating whale acoustic recorders into their
moorings and sharing ship time. NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center
and AFSC/ NMML provided opportunities for L. Munger to record right
whales during cetacean surveys in Alaska; we thank the cruise leaders
Jay Barlow, Rick LeDuc, Lisa Ballance, Robert Pitman, and Paul Wade,
acousticians Allan Sauter, Kate Stafford, and Shannon Rankin, and others
who were involved in planning and conducting these surveys. Thanks also
to the officers and crew of the NOAA research vessels McArthur, McArthur
II, and Miller Freeman; the University of Hawaii R/V Kilo Moana, and the
fishing vessels Aleutian Mariner and Alaskan Enterprise. Mark McDonald
shared data and feedback at the beginning of analysis. Jay Barlow, David
Checkley, and Melissa Soldevilla provided helpful comments on this
manuscript. This is NPRB publication no. 166.
NR 62
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U1 1
U2 8
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 4
BP 795
EP 814
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00219.x
PG 20
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 364AF
UT WOS:000260307900003
ER
PT J
AU Fire, SE
Flewelling, LJ
Wang, ZH
Naar, J
Henry, MS
Pierce, RH
Wells, RS
AF Fire, Spencer E.
Flewelling, Leanne J.
Wang, Zhihong
Naar, Jerome
Henry, Michael S.
Pierce, Richard H.
Wells, Randall S.
TI Florida red tide and brevetoxins: Association and exposure in live
resident bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the eastern Gulf of
Mexico, USA
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE brevetoxin; Karenia brevis; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus;
harmful algal blooms; algal toxins; marine biotoxins; HAB; red tide
ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; KARENIA-BREVIS; SARASOTA BAY; RATS;
ELIMINATION; BLOOMS; PBTX-3
AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along the Gulf of Mexico are frequently exposed to blooms of the toxic alga, Karenia brevis, and brevetoxins associated with these blooms have been implicated in several dolphin mortality events. Studies on brevetoxin accumulation in dolphins have typically focused on analyses of carcasses from large-scale die-offs; however, data are scarce for brevetoxin loads in live individuals frequently exposed to K. brevis blooms. This study investigated in vivo brevetoxin exposure in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins resident to Sarasota Bay, Florida, utilizing samples collected during health assessments performed during multiple K. brevis blooms occurring from 2003 to 2005. Brevetoxins were detected by ELISA and LC-MS in 63% of bottlenose dolphins sampled (n = 30) concurrently with a K. brevis bloom. Brevetoxins were present in urine and gastric samples at concentrations ranging from 2 to 9 ng PbTx-3 eq/g, and in feces at concentrations ranging from 45 to 231 ng PbTx-3 eq/g. Samples from individuals (n= 12) sampled during nonbloom conditions (<= 1,000 cells/L) were negative for brevetoxin activity. Brevetoxin accumulation data from this study complement dolphin carcass and prey fish data from the same study area, and aid in evaluating impacts of harmful algal blooms on sentinel marine animal species along the west Florida coast.
C1 [Fire, Spencer E.; Wang, Zhihong] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Flewelling, Leanne J.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Naar, Jerome] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
[Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
RP Fire, SE (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM spencer.fire@noaa.gov
RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014
OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X
NR 36
TC 16
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U1 1
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
EI 1748-7692
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 4
BP 831
EP 844
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00221.x
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 364AF
UT WOS:000260307900005
ER
PT J
AU Small, RJ
Boveng, PL
Byrd, GV
Withrow, DE
AF Small, Robert J.
Boveng, Peter L.
Byrd, G. Vernon
Withrow, David E.
TI Harbor seal population decline in the Aleutian Archipelago
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE population decline; harbor seal; Phoca vitulina; Aleutian Islands; Gulf
of Alaska stock
ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI;
EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; TUGIDAK ISLAND; NORTH PACIFIC; GLACIER BAY; ALASKA;
HYPOTHESIS; PATTERNS; TRENDS
AB Populations of Steller sea lions, northern fur seals, and northern sea otters declined substantially during recent decades in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region, yet the population status of harbor seals has not been assessed adequately. We determined that counts obtained during skiff-based surveys conducted in 1977-1982 represent the earliest estimate of harbor seal abundance throughout the Aleutian Islands. By comparing counts from 106 islands surveyed in 1977-1982 (8,601 seals) with counts from the same islands during a 1999 aerial survey (2,859 seals), we observed a 67% decline over the similar to 20-yr period. Regionally, the largest decline of 86% was in the western Aleutians (n = 7 islands), followed by 66% in the central Aleutians (n = 64 islands), and 45% in the eastern Aleutians (n = 35 islands). Harbor seal counts decreased at the majority of islands in each region, the number of islands with > 100 seals decreased similar to 70%, and the number of islands with no seals counted increased similar to 80%, indicating that harbor seal abundance throughout the Aleutian Islands was substantially lower in the late 1990s than in the 1970s and 1980s.
C1 [Small, Robert J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Juneau, AK 99811 USA.
[Boveng, Peter L.; Withrow, David E.] NOAA Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Byrd, G. Vernon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
RP Small, RJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 1255W 8th St, Juneau, AK 99811 USA.
EM bob.small@alaska.gov
NR 52
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 9
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 4
BP 845
EP 863
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00225.x
PG 19
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 364AF
UT WOS:000260307900006
ER
PT J
AU Rugh, DJ
Muto, MM
Hobbs, RC
Lerczak, JA
AF Rugh, David J.
Muto, Marcia M.
Hobbs, Roderick C.
Lerczak, James A.
TI An assessment of shore-based counts of gray whales
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE shore-based gray whale counts; Eschrichtius robustus; whale census;
counting accuracy; sighting records
AB Counts of migrating whales depend on accurate sightings data. In this study, teams of shore-based observers independently tracked whale pods during the southbound migration of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) while a routine ("standard watch") census was underway. A comparison of sighting records showed that time and location accuracy was limited to 45 s, 3 degrees (magnetic) horizontally, and 0.0057 degrees (0.2 reticles) vertically. Of 242 attempts to track whale groups, 72 failed, 120 were "good tracks," and 83 qualified as "best tracks" because they had >= 8 sightings/pod, >= 16-min observation time, and unequivocal matches to sightings in the standard watch during uncompromised visibility. Between paired tracking teams, 39 attempts to conduct concurrent tracks resulted in 21 "good tracks" with complete agreement in 71% of the cases. Of 133 comparisons between trackers and the standard watch, 43% of the pod-size estimates were the same, but the standard watch overestimated 10% of the pods and underestimated 47%. Thus, according to results from tracking teams, pods recorded as size 1 by observers on the standard watch should be corrected by +0.6; pods of 2 by +0.5; pods of 3 by +0.8; and pods > 3 (4-10) were overestimated and should be corrected by -0.6.
C1 [Rugh, David J.; Muto, Marcia M.; Hobbs, Roderick C.; Lerczak, James A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Rugh, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM dave.rugh@noaa.gov
FU NMML; NMFS; NOAA
FX The National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML), NMFS, NOAA, provided
support for this study with funds directed through the NMFS Office of
Protected Resources' Marine Mammal Research Plan. Observers on the
standard watch in 1997-1998 were Cynthia D'Vincent and Melissa Scillia;
members of the tracking teams (who also conducted standard watches) were
Lisa Baraff, Scott Hill, Rod Hobbs, Jim Lerczak, Marcia Muto, David
Rugh, Kim Shelden, and Janice Waite. Doug DeMaster provided
administrative overview. Max Puckett and Jim Lytle provided hospitable
support for our use of the Granite Canyon research station, run by the
State of California Department of Fish and Game as their Marine
Pollution Laboratory. This document was improved by reviews by Kim
Shelden (NMML) and Janice Waite (NMML) and input from Steve Reilly and
Wayne Perryman (both from Southwest Fisheries Science Center) and an
anonymous reviewer.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 4
BP 864
EP 880
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00215.x
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 364AF
UT WOS:000260307900007
ER
PT J
AU Schwarz, LK
AF Schwarz, Lisa K.
TI Methods and models to determine perinatal status of Florida manatee
carcasses
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Florida manatee; Trichechus manatus; perinatal mortality; Bayesian
analysis
ID DEER FAWN SURVIVAL; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; RATES
AB Differences in perinatal mortality can be indicators of differences in physiology, behavior, toxicology, population dynamics, and ecology of species and individuals. Extensive data collected under the Florida Manatee Carcass Recovery Program provide important information about manatee perinatal mortality. However, early age at death can be difficult to determine for often highly decomposed carcasses. Here, I provide quantitative methods to identify perinatal status for manatee carcasses. First, perinatal and nonperinatal mortality were defined based on physiological indicators. After review of necropsy reports, specific length classes became clear indicators of perinatal status: carcasses < 82-cm long were always perinatal, and carcasses > 160-cm long were always nonperinatal. Using data from carcasses 82-160 cm long of known perinatal status, Bayesian models quantify the relationship among age at death, carcass length, and carcass recovery month. The models predict the perinatal status of carcass 82-160 cm long when physiological indicators are unavailable. Overall, perinatal status could be determined for 98.2% of carcasses collected from 1978 to 2005. Initial examination of the fraction of perinatal mortalities within the entire carcass sample reveals interesting spatial and temporal patterns that warrant further analyses.
C1 [Schwarz, Lisa K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Environm Stat Grp, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Schwarz, LK (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM lisa.schwarz@noaa.gov
FU Marine Mammal Commission and Florida Fish and Wildlife Research
Institute
FX The author would like to thank Dr. Daniel Goodman for his mentorship and
guidance. Ken Arrison of Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
did an excellent job maintaining the Florida manatee necropsy data and
provided the much-needed necropsy reports and updates of the carcass
recovery database. Cathy Beck critiqued definitions of perinatal and
nonperinatal carcasses, and Wayne Perryman reviewed earlier drafts of
this manuscript. The Marine Mammal Commission and Florida Fish and
Wildlife Research Institute funded this research.
NR 38
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 11
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 4
BP 881
EP 898
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00232.x
PG 18
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 364AF
UT WOS:000260307900008
ER
PT J
AU Bejarano, AC
Gulland, FM
Goldstein, T
St Leger, J
Hunter, M
Schwacke, LH
VanDolah, FM
Rowles, TK
AF Bejarano, Adriana C.
Gulland, Frances M.
Goldstein, Tracey
St Leger, Judy
Hunter, Michele
Schwacke, Lori H.
VanDolah, Frances M.
Rowles, Teri K.
TI Demographics and spatio-temporal signature of the biotoxin domoic acid
in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) stranding records
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE California sea lion; Zalophus californianus; stranding patterns;
biotoxin domoic acid
ID MARINE MAMMAL HEALTH; REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE; COAST; LEPTOSPIROSIS;
ABUNDANCE; BLOOM
AB California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in otherwise good nutritional condition have been consistently affected by the marine biotoxin domoic acid since the late 1990s. In this study we evaluated the temporal and spatial stranding patterns of suspected and confirmed cases of domoic acid intoxicated sea lions from 1998 to 2006, using records of strandings along the California coast obtained from members of the California Marine Mammal Stranding Network. The majority of domoic acid cases were adult females (47%-82% of the total annual domoic acid cases), a contrast to strandings that were not related to domoic acid, which were generally dominated by juveniles and pups. Exposure to this biotoxin led to a 6.67-fold increase in adult female strandings in 2000, and a 5.44-fold increase in adult female deaths in 2006, relative to strandings and deaths of adult female not affected by domoic acid. Domoic acid cases have occurred annually since 1998 (except for 1999) between April and August, with clusters centered primarily at Pismo Beach (San Luis Obispo County), as well as at other beaches in San Luis Obispo, Monterey, Santa Cruz, Santa Barbara, Orange, and San Diego counties. The larger ecological and population level implications of increased domoic acid strandings and deaths, particularly among adult female sea lions, warrant further attention and need to be investigated.
C1 [Bejarano, Adriana C.; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA NOS, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Gulland, Frances M.; Goldstein, Tracey] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA.
[St Leger, Judy] SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA 92109 USA.
[Hunter, Michele] Pacific Marine Mammal Ctr, Laguna Beach, CA 92651 USA.
[VanDolah, Frances M.] NOAA NOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Bejarano, AC (reprint author), NOAA NOS, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM bejaranoac@gmail.com
FU NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program;
NOAA's Ocean Service/Hollings Marine Lab
FX We thank NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response
Program and NOAA's Ocean Service/Hollings Marine Lab for funding
support. We also extend our thanks to those dedicated to the care of
stranded animals and to those involved with the efforts of the
California Marine Mammal Stranding Network. This publication does not
constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an
opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA). No reference shall be
made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising
or sales promotion, which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends
or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as
its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or
purchased because of this publication.
NR 44
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 4
BP 899
EP 912
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00224.x
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 364AF
UT WOS:000260307900009
ER
PT J
AU Carretta, JV
Barlow, J
Enriquez, L
AF Carretta, James V.
Barlow, Jay
Enriquez, Lyle
TI Acoustic pingers eliminate beaked whale bycatch in a gill net fishery
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ABUNDANCE; CETACEANS; MILITARY
C1 [Carretta, James V.; Barlow, Jay] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Enriquez, Lyle] NOAA Fisheries, SW Reg Off, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA.
RP Carretta, JV (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM jim.carretta@noaa.gov
NR 25
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 10
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 4
BP 956
EP 961
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00218.x
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 364AF
UT WOS:000260307900014
ER
PT J
AU Lasseigne, AN
Olson, DL
AF Lasseigne, A. N.
Olson, D. L.
TI Development of Nondestructive Techniques for Characterization of
Residual Stresses in Advanced Materials
SO MATERIALS EVALUATION
LA English
DT Article
DE nondestructive residual stress measurement; thermoelectric power
coefficient; low frequency impedance; interstitial content
AB Residual stresses have always played an essential role in the history of materials development because all materials possess a form of residual stress (strain). Several techniques are commercially available for assessment of residual stress in materials, but many of these techniques are destructive, expensive, time-consuming or provide only qualitative results. It is important to design nondestructive tools to characterize residual stresses to guarantee and maintain structural integrity. Two different nondestructive approaches, utilizing thermoelectric power and low frequency impedance, have been developed to monitor various forms of residual stress in different materials. The use of thermoelectric power and low frequency impedance measurements to monitor residual stresses in materials are presented.
C1 [Lasseigne, A. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Olson, D. L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Lasseigne, AN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM alasseig@mac.com
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST
PI COLUMBUS
PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA
SN 0025-5327
J9 MATER EVAL
JI Mater. Eval.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 66
IS 10
BP 1077
EP 1083
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 361DH
UT WOS:000260107200005
ER
PT J
AU Sahiner, MA
Woicik, JC
Kurp, T
Serfass, J
Aranguren, M
AF Sahiner, Mehmet Alper
Woicik, Joseph C.
Kurp, Timothy
Serfass, Jeffrey
Aranguren, Marc
TI Local crystal structural modifications in pulsed laser deposited high-k
dielectric thin films on silicon and germanium
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Beyond Silicon Technology held at the 2008
EMRS Spring Meeting
CY MAY 26-30, 2008
CL Strasbourg, FRANCE
SP European Mat Res Soc
DE High-k dielectrics; Silicon; Geremanium
AB The thin film growth conditions are correlated with the local structures formed in Hf(x)Zr(1-x)O(2) (x = 0.0-1.0) high-k dielectric thin films on Si and Ge substrates during deposition. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique has been used in the synthesis of the thin films with systematic variations of substrate temperature, Zr content of the targets and substrate selection. The local structural information acquired from extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) is correlated with the thin film growth conditions. The response of the local structure around Hf and Zr atoms to growth parameters was investigated by EXAFS experiments performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory. The competing crystal phases of oxides of Hf were identified and the intricate relation between the stabilized phase and the parameters as: the substrate temperature; Hf to Zr ratio; have been revealed. Specifically, HfO(2) thin films on Si(100) exhibit a tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation upon increase in the substrate temperature during deposition whereas, HfO(2) PLD films on Ge(100) substrates remain in tetragonal symmetry regardless of the substrate temperature. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sahiner, Mehmet Alper; Kurp, Timothy; Serfass, Jeffrey; Aranguren, Marc] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA.
[Woicik, Joseph C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sahiner, MA (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA.
EM sahineme@shu.edu
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1369-8001
J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC
JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 11
IS 5-6
BP 245
EP 249
DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2008.08.003
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA 518NV
UT WOS:000271700600020
ER
PT J
AU Foecke, T
AF Foecke, Tim
TI What really sank the Titanic?
SO MATERIALS TODAY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Foecke, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM tfoecke@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1369-7021
J9 MATER TODAY
JI Mater. Today
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 11
IS 10
BP 48
EP 48
DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(08)70224-4
PG 1
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 358DK
UT WOS:000259896700022
ER
PT J
AU Kacker, RN
Forbes, A
Kessel, R
Sommer, KD
AF Kacker, Raghu N.
Forbes, Alistair
Kessel, Ruediger
Sommer, Klaus-Dieter
TI Bayesian posterior predictive p-value of statistical consistency in
interlaboratory evaluations
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
AB The results from an interlaboratory evaluation are said to be statistically consistent if they fit a normal (Gaussian) consistency model which postulates that the results have the same unknown expected value and stated variances-covariances. A modern method for checking the fit of a statistical model to the data is posterior predictive checking, which is a Bayesian adaptation of classical hypothesis testing. In this paper we propose the use of posterior predictive checking to check the fit of the normal consistency model to interlaboratory results. If the model fits reasonably then the results may be regarded as statistically consistent. The principle of posterior predictive checking is that the realized results should look plausible under a posterior predictive distribution. A posterior predictive distribution is the conditional distribution of potential results, given the realized results, which could be obtained in contemplated replications of the interlaboratory evaluation under the statistical model. A systematic discrepancy between potential results obtained from the posterior predictive distribution and the realized results indicates a potential failing of the model. One can investigate any number of potential discrepancies between the model and the results. We discuss an overall measure of discrepancy for checking the consistency of a set of interlaboratory results. We also discuss two sets of unilateral and bilateral measures of discrepancy. A unilateral discrepancy measure checks whether the result of a particular laboratory agrees with the statistical consistency model. A bilateral discrepancy measure checks whether the results of a particular pair of laboratories agree with each other. The degree of agreement is quantified by the Bayesian posterior predictive p-value. The unilateral and bilateral measures of discrepancy and their posterior predictive p-values discussed in this paper apply to both correlated and independent interlaboratory results. We suggest that the posterior predicative p-values may be used to assess unilateral and bilateral degrees of agreement in International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM) key comparisons.
C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kessel, Ruediger] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Forbes, Alistair] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
[Sommer, Klaus-Dieter] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov; alistair.forbes@npl.co.uk;
ruediger.kessel@nist.gov; klaus-dieter.sommer@ptb.de
NR 14
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 45
IS 5
BP 512
EP 523
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/5/004
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 355VB
UT WOS:000259736100005
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, GK
Ludlow, AD
Blatt, S
Thomsen, JW
Martin, MJ
de Miranda, MHG
Zelevinsky, T
Boyd, MM
Ye, J
Diddams, SA
Heavner, TP
Parker, TE
Jefferts, SR
AF Campbell, Gretchen K.
Ludlow, Andrew D.
Blatt, Sebastian
Thomsen, Jan W.
Martin, Michael J.
de Miranda, Marcio H. G.
Zelevinsky, Tanya
Boyd, Martin M.
Ye, Jun
Diddams, Scott A.
Heavner, Thomas P.
Parker, Thomas E.
Jefferts, Steven R.
TI The absolute frequency of the (87)Sr optical clock transition
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID LATTICE CLOCK; STABILITY; ATOMS; UNCERTAINTY; STANDARDS; ION; METROLOGY;
PTB
AB The absolute frequency of the (1)S(0)-(3)P(0) clock transition of (87)Sr has been measured to be 429 228 004 229 873.65 (37) Hz using lattice-confined atoms, where the fractional uncertainty of 8.6 x 10(-16) represents one of the most accurate measurements of an atomic transition frequency to date. After a detailed study of systematic effects, which reduced the total systematic uncertainty of the Sr lattice clock to 1.5 x 10(-16), the clock frequency is measured against a hydrogen maser which is simultaneously calibrated to the US primary frequency standard, the NIST Cs fountain clock, NIST-F1. The comparison is made possible using a femtosecond laser based optical frequency comb to phase coherently connect the optical and microwave spectral regions and by a 3.5 km fibre transfer scheme to compare the remotely located clock signals.
C1 [Campbell, Gretchen K.; Ludlow, Andrew D.; Blatt, Sebastian; Thomsen, Jan W.; Martin, Michael J.; de Miranda, Marcio H. G.; Zelevinsky, Tanya; Boyd, Martin M.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Campbell, Gretchen K.; Ludlow, Andrew D.; Blatt, Sebastian; Thomsen, Jan W.; Martin, Michael J.; de Miranda, Marcio H. G.; Zelevinsky, Tanya; Boyd, Martin M.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Diddams, Scott A.; Heavner, Thomas P.; Parker, Thomas E.; Jefferts, Steven R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Campbell, GK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt,
Sebastian/F-8986-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Thomsen, Jan
W./M-9087-2016
OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Blatt,
Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967; Thomsen, Jan W./0000-0003-3423-6989
FU NIST; NSF; ONR; DARPA; National Research Council; CAPES/Fullbright
scholarship
FX The authors gratefully thank S Foreman and D Hudson for their
contribution to the noise-cancelled fibre network, T Fortier, J
Stalnaker, Z W Barber and C W Oates for the Sr-Ca optical comparison and
J Levine for help with the Cs-Sr elevation difference. They acknowledge
funding support from NIST, NSF, ONR and DARPA. G Campbell is supported
by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship, M Miranda is
supported by a CAPES/Fullbright scholarship and J W Thomsen is a JILA
visiting fellow; his permanent address is The Niels Bohr Institute,
Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
NR 58
TC 110
Z9 113
U1 1
U2 16
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 45
IS 5
BP 539
EP 548
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/5/008
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 355VB
UT WOS:000259736100009
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, NF
AF Zhang, Nien Fan
TI Allan variance of time series models for measurement data
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECISION FREQUENCY SOURCES; VOLTAGE STANDARDS; STABILITY; NOISE;
AUTOCORRELATION; CHARACTERIZE; UNCERTAINTY
AB The uncertainty of the mean of autocorrelated measurements from a stationary process has been discussed in the literature. However, when the measurements are from a non-stationary process, how to assess their uncertainty remains unresolved. Allan variance or two-sample variance has been used in time and frequency metrology for more than three decades as a substitute for the classical variance to characterize the stability of clocks or frequency standards when the underlying process is a 1/f noise process. However, its applications are related only to the noise models characterized by the power law of the spectral density. In this paper, from the viewpoint of the time domain, we provide a statistical underpinning of the Allan variance for discrete stationary processes, random walk and long-memory processes such as the fractional difference processes including the noise models usually considered in time and frequency metrology. Results show that the Allan variance is a better measure of the process variation than the classical variance of the random walk and the non-stationary fractional difference processes including the 1/f noise.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zhang, NF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 30
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 45
IS 5
BP 549
EP 561
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/5/009
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 355VB
UT WOS:000259736100010
ER
PT J
AU Xu, D
Sriram, V
Ozolins, V
Yang, JM
Tu, KN
Stafford, GR
Beauchamp, C
Zienert, I
Geisler, H
Hofmann, P
Zschech, E
AF Xu, Di
Sriram, Vinay
Ozolins, Vidvuds
Yang, Jenn-Ming
Tu, K. N.
Stafford, Gery R.
Beauchamp, Carlos
Zienert, Inka
Geisler, Holm
Hofmann, Petra
Zschech, Ehrenfried
TI Nanotwin formation and its physical properties and effect on reliability
of copper interconnects
SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th European Workshop on Materials for Advanced Metallization
CY MAR 02-05, 2008
CL Dresden, GERMANY
DE Nanotwin; Free-standing Cu interconnect; First principles calculations;
Electromigration
ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; IN-SITU STRESS; WAVE
BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; (111)-TEXTURED AU; METALS; STRENGTH;
TWINS
AB Ultra-fine grained copper with a large amount of nano-scale twin boundaries has high mechanical strength and maintains normal electrical conductivity. The combination of these properties may lead to promising applications in future Si microelectronic technology, especially as interconnect material for air-gap and free-standing copper technologies. Based on first principles calculations of total energy and in-situ stress measurements, high stress followed by stress relaxation during the Cu film deposition seems to have contributed to nanotwin formation. Nanoindentation studies have shown a larger hardness for copper with a higher nanotwin density. The effect of Cu nanotwin boundaries on grain growth was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of a high density of nanotwin boundaries may improve the reliability of Cu interconnects. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Xu, Di; Sriram, Vinay; Ozolins, Vidvuds; Yang, Jenn-Ming; Tu, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Stafford, Gery R.; Beauchamp, Carlos] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zienert, Inka; Geisler, Holm; Hofmann, Petra; Zschech, Ehrenfried] AMD Saxony LLC & Co KG, Dresden, Germany.
RP Xu, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM dixu@ucla.edu
RI Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009
NR 21
TC 12
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-9317
J9 MICROELECTRON ENG
JI Microelectron. Eng.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 85
IS 10
BP 2155
EP 2158
DI 10.1016/j.mee.2008.04.035
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics
GA 364NY
UT WOS:000260343600053
ER
PT J
AU Krasnopolsky, VM
Fox-Rabinovitz, MS
Belochitski, AA
AF Krasnopolsky, Vladimir M.
Fox-Rabinovitz, Michael S.
Belochitski, Alexei A.
TI Decadal Climate Simulations Using Accurate and Fast Neural Network
Emulation of Full, Longwave and Shortwave, Radiation
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MACHINE LEARNING COMPONENTS; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION;
REANALYSIS; PROJECT
AB An approach to calculating model physics using neural network emulations, previously proposed and developed by the authors, has been implemented in this study for both longwave and shortwave radiation parameterizations, or to the full model radiation, the most time-consuming component of model physics. The developed highly accurate neural network emulations of the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) longwave and shortwave radiation parameterizations are 150 and 20 times as fast as the original/control longwave and shortwave radiation parameterizations, respectively. The full neural network model radiation was used for a decadal climate model simulation with the NCAR CAM. A detailed comparison of parallel decadal climate simulations performed with the original NCAR model radiation parameterizations and with their neural network emulations is presented. Almost identical results have been obtained for the parallel decadal simulations. This opens the opportunity of using efficient neural network emulations for the full model radiation for decadal and longer climate simulations as well as for weather prediction.
C1 [Krasnopolsky, Vladimir M.; Fox-Rabinovitz, Michael S.; Belochitski, Alexei A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Krasnopolsky, Vladimir M.] NOAA NCEP, SAIC, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Krasnopolsky, VM (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM vladimir.krasnopolsky@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/CDEP/CTB [NA06OAR4310047]
FX The authors thank Drs. W. Collins, P. Rasch, J. Tribbia (NCAR), F. Baer,
and D. Chalikov (University of Maryland) for useful discussions and
consultations. This study is based upon the work supported by the
NOAA/CDEP/CTB Grant NA06OAR4310047.
NR 25
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 10
BP 3683
EP 3695
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2385.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 361YO
UT WOS:000260164200004
ER
PT J
AU Tollerud, EI
Caracena, F
Koch, SE
Jamison, BD
Hardesty, RM
McCarty, BJ
Kiemle, C
Collander, RS
Bartels, DL
Albers, S
Shaw, B
Birkenheuer, DL
Brewer, WA
AF Tollerud, Edward I.
Caracena, Fernando
Koch, Steven E.
Jamison, Brian D.
Hardesty, R. Michael
McCarty, Brandi J.
Kiemle, Christoph
Collander, Randall S.
Bartels, Diana L.
Albers, Steven
Shaw, Brent
Birkenheuer, Daniel L.
Brewer, W. Alan
TI Mesoscale Moisture Transport by the Low-Level Jet during the IHOP Field
Experiment
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES;
PRECIPITATION; CLIMATOLOGY; LAPS; IHOP-2002; SYSTEMS
AB Previous studies of the low-level jet (LLJ) over the central Great Plains of the United States have been unable to determine the role that mesoscale and smaller circulations play in the transport of moisture. To address this issue, two aircraft missions during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) were designed to observe closely a well-developed LLJ over the Great Plains (primarily Oklahoma and Kansas) with multiple observation platforms. In addition to standard operational platforms (most important, radiosondes and profilers) to provide the large-scale setting, dropsondes released from the aircraft at 55-km intervals and a pair of onboard lidar instruments-High Resolution Doppler Lidar (HRDL) for wind and differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for moisture-observed the moisture transport in the LLJ at greater resolution. Using these observations, the authors describe the multiscalar structure of the LLJ and then focus attention on the bulk properties and effects of scales of motion by computing moisture fluxes through cross sections that bracket the LLJ. From these computations, the Reynolds averages within the cross sections can be computed. This allow an estimate to be made of the bulk effect of integrated estimates of the contribution of small-scale (mesoscale to convective scale) circulations to the overall transport. The performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model in forecasting the intensity and evolution of the LLJ for this case is briefly examined.
C1 [Tollerud, Edward I.; Caracena, Fernando; Koch, Steven E.; Jamison, Brian D.; Hardesty, R. Michael; McCarty, Brandi J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Jamison, Brian D.; Collander, Randall S.; Albers, Steven] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[McCarty, Brandi J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kiemle, Christoph] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Shaw, Brent] Weather Decis Technol Inc, Norman, OK USA.
RP Tollerud, EI (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM edward.tollerud@noaa.gov
RI McCarty, Brandi/H-5971-2013; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Brewer, Wm
Alan/I-3920-2013; Birkenheuer, Daniel/E-7378-2015; Albers,
Steven/E-7416-2015; Jamison, Brian/M-1109-2015; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
FU U.S. Weather Research Program
FX We thank Chris Anderson, Isidora Jankov, and Ann Reiser for discussions
and for their reviews of this paper. John Osborn and Will von Dauster
provided excellent help with figures. Two anonymous reviewers also had
valuable suggestions that improved the presentation of our results. Some
of the work described here was supported by a grant from the U.S.
Weather Research Program.
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 10
BP 3781
EP 3795
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2421.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 361YO
UT WOS:000260164200009
ER
PT J
AU Friedrich, K
Kingsmill, DE
Flamant, C
Murphey, HV
Wakimoto, RM
AF Friedrich, Katja
Kingsmill, David E.
Flamant, Cyrille
Murphey, Hanne V.
Wakimoto, Roger M.
TI Kinematic and Moisture Characteristics of a Nonprecipitating Cold Front
Observed during IHOP. Part II: Alongfront Structures
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES; AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR; CONVECTION INITIATION;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; OUTFLOW BOUNDARY; MICROSCALE
STRUCTURE; NONSUPERCELL TORNADOGENESIS; THUNDERSTORM OUTFLOW;
GROUND-RADAR
AB Kinematic and thermodynamic structures of a nonprecipitating cold front observed in west-central Kansas on 10 June 2002 during the International H2O Project (IHOP) are examined with dropsondes and airborne instrumentation that includes Doppler radars, a differential absorption lidar, and in situ sensors. Intensive observations were collected along a 125-km segment of the front, with coverage of both the cold front leading edge and the post- and prefrontal areas. Whereas the first part of this two-part series of papers focused on across-front kinematic and moisture characteristics, the study herein investigates alongfront structures relevant for convection initiation. A northeast-southwest-oriented cold front moved into the observational domain from the northwest, but its motion slowed to less than 1 m s(-1) in the early afternoon. In the late afternoon it was intersected by a north-northeast-south-southwest-oriented reflectivity thin line that was advected from the southwest, and another boundary that is an extension of a large-scale dryline paralleling the thin line but located farther to the east. Doppler wind synthesis suggests an increase in low-level horizontal wind shear across the cold front leading edge with the approach and intersection of the boundaries causing an increase in low-level convergence (up to similar to 1 x 10(-3) s(-1)), positive vertical vorticity (up to similar to 0.5 x 10(-3) s(-1)), and upward motion (up to similar to 1 m s(-1)). An organized pattern of misocyclones (vertical vorticity maxima <4 km) and enhanced updrafts with a spacing of similar to 5-8 km were observed at the cold front leading edge. At the same time vortex lines manifested as horizontal vorticity maxima were observed within the cold air oriented perpendicular to the cold front leading edge and on top of the vertical wind shear layer. The analysis suggests that inflection point instability was the dominant mechanism for their development. Low Richardson number (0.3-0.4), short lifetime (<2 h), horizontal wavelength of 3-6 km, and collocation with strong horizontal and vertical wind shear are characteristics that support the hypothesis that these instabilities were Kelvin-Helmholtz waves. Towering cumulus developed along the cold front forming a convective cell close to the intersection of the cold front, dryline, and reflectivity thin line.
C1 [Friedrich, Katja; Kingsmill, David E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Friedrich, Katja; Kingsmill, David E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Flamant, Cyrille] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, Paris, France.
[Murphey, Hanne V.; Wakimoto, Roger M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Kingsmill, DE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM david.kingsmill@colorado.edu
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-9901688, ATM-0432951, ATM-021048]
FX We extend special thanks to Yvette Richardson of The Pennsylvania State
University and Tammy Weckwerth of NCAR for many fruitful discussions
regarding this paper. Editing and interpolation of radar data were
performed using the SOLO and REORDER programs. We thank the two
anonymous reviewers for providing comments and suggestions that enhanced
the quality of the paper. Dual-Doppler analyses were performed using the
CEDRIC program. Huaqing Cai, Michael Bell, and Wen-Chau Lee of NCAR
assisted in the installation and operation of the tuning-fork software
to correct ELDORA data for navigation errors. Ming Xiao of DRI assisted
with editing of radar data. This research was sponsored by the National
Science Foundation under Grants ATM-9901688 and ATM-0432951 (Friedrich
and Kingsmill) and ATM-021048 (Murphey and Wakimoto).
NR 66
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 10
BP 3796
EP 3821
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2360.1
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 361YO
UT WOS:000260164200010
ER
PT J
AU Huang, HP
Weickmann, KM
AF Huang, Huei-Ping
Weickmann, Klaus M.
TI On the Computation of the Mountain Torque from Gridded Global Datasets
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EXCHANGE;
PROJECT
AB This note evaluates the numerical schemes used for computing the axial component of the mountain torque from gridded global surface pressure and topography datasets. It is shown that the two formulas of the mountain torque based on (i) an integral of the product of the surface pressure and the gradient of topography, and (ii) an integral of the product of the topography and the surface pressure gradient, should produce identical results if a centered even-ordered finite-difference scheme or the spectral method is used to evaluate the integrand. Noncentered finite-difference schemes are not recommended not only because they produce extremely large errors but also because they produce different results for the two formulas. When compared with the benchmark calculation using the spectral method, it is found that the centered fourth-order finite-difference scheme is an efficient and generally accurate approximation for practical applications. Using the data from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, the finite-difference schemes generally underestimate the global mountain torque compared to the benchmark. This negative error is interpreted as due to the asymmetry in the distribution of surface pressure and in the steepness of the topography between the western and eastern slopes of the mountains.
C1 [Huang, Huei-Ping] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Weickmann, Klaus M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Huang, HP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM huei@ldeo.columbia.edu
FU NSF [ATM-0543256]
FX The authors appreciate insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers.
This paper is a modified version of, and supersedes, a previously
privately circulated note. HPH appreciates interesting conversations
with Colin Stark that inspired some of the interpretations of the
negative bias in section 2. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant
ATM-0543256.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 136
IS 10
BP 4005
EP 4009
DI 10.1175/2008MWR2359.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 361YO
UT WOS:000260164200021
ER
PT J
AU Lam, H
Deutsch, EW
Eddes, JS
Eng, JK
Stein, SE
Aebersold, R
AF Lam, Henry
Deutsch, Eric W.
Eddes, James S.
Eng, Jimmy K.
Stein, Stephen E.
Aebersold, Ruedi
TI Building consensus spectral libraries for peptide identification in
proteomics
SO NATURE METHODS
LA English
DT Article
ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA; MS/MS
AB Spectral searching has drawn increasing interest as an alternative to sequence-database searching in proteomics. We developed and validated an open-source software toolkit, SpectraST, to enable proteomics researchers to build spectral libraries and to integrate this promising approach in their data-analysis pipeline. It allows individual researchers to condense raw data into spectral libraries, summarizing information about observed proteomes into a concise and retrievable format for future data analyses.
C1 [Lam, Henry; Deutsch, Eric W.; Eddes, James S.; Eng, Jimmy K.; Aebersold, Ruedi] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA.
[Lam, Henry] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Stein, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Aebersold, Ruedi] ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Mol Syst Biol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Aebersold, Ruedi] Univ Zurich, HPT, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Aebersold, Ruedi] Univ Zurich, Fac Nat Sci, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Lam, H (reprint author), Inst Syst Biol, 1441 N 34th St, Seattle, WA 98103 USA.
EM kehlam@ust.hk
RI Eddes, James/F-1670-2011; Eng, Jimmy/I-4202-2012; Lam, Henry/D-8629-2011
OI Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737; Lam, Henry/0000-0001-7928-0364
FU US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of
Health [N01-HV-28179]
FX We thank all the data contributors to PeptideAtlas who have made this
study possible. This study was supported in part by the US National
Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (
N01-HV-28179).
NR 15
TC 114
Z9 116
U1 1
U2 13
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1548-7091
J9 NAT METHODS
JI Nat. Methods
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 5
IS 10
BP 873
EP 875
DI 10.1038/NMETH.1254
PG 3
WC Biochemical Research Methods
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 354OY
UT WOS:000259650100012
PM 18806791
ER
PT J
AU Ito, I
Ong, RCY
Raman, B
Stopfer, M
AF Ito, Iori
Ong, Rose Chik-ying
Raman, Baranidharan
Stopfer, Mark
TI Sparse odor representation and olfactory learning
SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HONEYBEES APIS-MELLIFERA; DROSOPHILA ANTENNAL LOBE; MOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA;
MUSHROOM BODY; PROJECTION NEURONS; MEMORY; BODIES; OCTOPAMINE; REWARD;
BRAIN
AB Sensory systems create neural representations of environmental stimuli and these representations can be associated with other stimuli through learning. Are spike patterns the neural representations that get directly associated with reinforcement during conditioning? In the moth Manduca sexta, we found that odor presentations that support associative conditioning elicited only one or two spikes on the odor's onset (and sometimes offset) in each of a small fraction of Kenyon cells. Using associative conditioning procedures that effectively induced learning and varying the timing of reinforcement relative to spiking in Kenyon cells, we found that odor-elicited spiking in these cells ended well before the reinforcement was delivered. Furthermore, increasing the temporal overlap between spiking in Kenyon cells and reinforcement presentation actually reduced the efficacy of learning. Thus, spikes in Kenyon cells do not constitute the odor representation that coincides with reinforcement, and Hebbian spike timing-dependent plasticity in Kenyon cells alone cannot underlie this learning.
C1 [Ito, Iori; Ong, Rose Chik-ying; Raman, Baranidharan; Stopfer, Mark] NICHHD, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20982 USA.
[Ong, Rose Chik-ying] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biochem, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Raman, Baranidharan] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stopfer, M (reprint author), NICHHD, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bldg 35,Room 3A-102, Bethesda, MD 20982 USA.
EM stopferm@mail.nih.gov
RI NAMEKAWA, IORI/A-3172-2009; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011
OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180
FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [00169, 70510]; NIH-National
Institutes of Standards and Technology; National Research Council;
NIH-NICHD
FX We are grateful to members of the Stopfer laboratory for helpful
discussions. We especially thank K. Sun for her excellent animal care.
Micrographs were made at the Microscopy and Imaging Core (US National
Institute of Child Health and Development, NICHD) with the assistance of
V. Schram. We thank C. Wu in the Biometry and Mathematical Statistics
Branch, US National Institutes of Health (NIH)/NICHD for his advice on
the statistical analysis of the behavioral experiments. This work was
supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(00169, 70510) to I.I., a joint NIH-National Institutes of Standards and
Technology postdoctoral fellowship award by the National Research
Council to B. R. and an intramural grant from NIH-NICHD to M. S.
NR 43
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U1 1
U2 17
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1097-6256
J9 NAT NEUROSCI
JI Nat. Neurosci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 11
IS 10
BP 1177
EP 1184
DI 10.1038/nn.2192
PG 8
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 352WQ
UT WOS:000259528500015
PM 18794840
ER
PT J
AU Kinziger, AP
Loudenslager, EJ
Hankin, DG
Anderson, EC
Garza, JC
AF Kinziger, Andrew P.
Loudenslager, Eric J.
Hankin, David G.
Anderson, Eric C.
Garza, John Carlos
TI Hybridization between Spring- and Fall-Run Chinook Salmon Returning to
the Trinity River, California
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA;
ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI;
NEW-ZEALAND; EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE; INFERENCE; SELECTION
AB It is believed that spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returning to the Trinity River, California. were once reproductively isolated such that spring-run fish spawned upstream in early fall, whereas fall-run fish spawned further downstream in late fall. However, construction of Lewiston Dam and the Trinity River Hatchery (TRH) in 1964 resulted in extensive compression of spawning habitat and the potential for inadvertent interbreeding of the two runs. In this study, we used genetic methods and developed a simulation procedure to assess the degree to which spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon returning to TRH were genetically distinct and to determine the extent of hybridization between the runs. Approximately 40 adults/week were sampled throughout the 1992 spawning season, and all individuals were genotyped at 29 polymorphic loci. Analysis with the program STRUCTURE (Pritchard et al. 2000) supported the hypothesis that the data represented two subpopulations. Individual assignments using STRUCTURE indicated that the spring- and fall-run proportions among fish sampled at TRH gradually shifted through timed weekly samples taken earlier in the spawning season had a higher proportion of presumptive spring run, and those taken later in the season had a higher proportion of presumptive fall run. Comparison of observed results with simulated data suggested the occurrence of hybridization between spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon returning to TRK particularly during the transition or overlap period between fish from the two phenotypic groups. The extent to which hybridization was caused by hatchery operations or occurred prior to Lewiston Dam construction was unclear. Additional hybridization analyses of samples collected prior to dam and hatchery construction would be needed to evaluate the impacts of these facilities on hybridization. Further, studies of contemporary populations are needed to determine whether two runs currently exist despite the marked hybridization that was documented herein for the 1992 return year.
C1 [Kinziger, Andrew P.; Loudenslager, Eric J.; Hankin, David G.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Anderson, Eric C.; Garza, John Carlos] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Kinziger, AP (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM andrew.kinziger@humboldt.edu
FU Hoopa Valley Tribe
FX Funding for this project came from the Hoopa Valley Tribe. Reference to
trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 51
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Z9 7
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 28
IS 5
BP 1426
EP 1438
DI 10.1577/M07-103.1
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 385ET
UT WOS:000261796900005
ER
PT J
AU Wallmo, K
Gentner, B
AF Wallmo, Kristy
Gentner, Brad
TI Catch-and-Release Fishing: A Comparison of Intended and Actual Behavior
of Marine Anglers
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SPORT FISHERMEN; CONSUMPTION
AB Research on catch-and-re lease fishing has typically relied on stated or observed preferences, with few applications that incorporate both data types. Further, most models ignore the effects of species on the release decision. We present a discrete-choice model estimated from stated preference data in which conservation release is a function of the species caught and angler characteristics that include fishing avidity. demographic variables, and three angler orientation measures that assess an angler's catch-and-release ethic, attitude toward fisheries regulations, and need for self-caught fish for food. We then compare our stated preference model predictions for an individual angler with field data on catch-and-release fishing for the same angler. The results provide some important messages for managers. First, all angler characteristics were significant in the discrete-choice model, suggesting that in understanding of angler populations may help predict future catch-and-release behavior. Second, our results suggest that behavioral intent (e.g., stated preference data) is a good indicator of actual behavior, as the model correctly predicts the release decision in 74% of the cases. Finally, species type had a significant effect in the stated preference model as well as on model prediction success when compared with actual behavior. These results should be of interest to managers as they address both the understanding of angler catch-and-release behavior and validity issues concerning behavioral data that is collected from an off-site survey.
C1 [Wallmo, Kristy; Gentner, Brad] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Wallmo, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM kristy.wallmo@noaa.gov
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 28
IS 5
BP 1459
EP 1471
DI 10.1577/M07-062.1
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 385ET
UT WOS:000261796900009
ER
PT J
AU Dew, CB
AF Dew, C. Braxton
TI Red King Crab Mating Success, Sex Ratio, Spatial Distribution, and
Abundance Estimates as Artifacts of Survey Timing in Bristol Bay, Alaska
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICA; INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS;
FISHERIES; REPRODUCTION; MODEL
AB The Bristol Bay, Alaska, fishery for red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus is a male-only fishery. A safeguard against male overfishing is the requirement that at least 8.4 million successfully mated, newly fertilized females be present on the grounds each year;, otherwise no harvest is permitted. Estimation of the number of mated females in the population is complicated by the timing of the Bering Sea trawl survey. which in most years moves through Bristol Bay before red king crab spawning is complete. From 1977 through 2000, an average of 22% (range, 0-87%) of the broodstock remained unmated at the time of the May-June survey. Eighty-nine percent of the observed annual variation in the proportion of unmated crabs was explained by water temperature and the date of the survey. Thus, the degree of mating-success shown by each year's Survey. although influenced by male availability, is predominantly an artifact of temperature and survey timing. Also. red king crabs tend to spawn in untrawlable nearshore waters. increasing the difficulty of obtaining unbiased estimates of abundance from sampling an open population. Because the proportion of mature females that emigrate each year to the neat-shore spawning grounds is greater than that of males. the sex ratio within the sampled region of a survey Conducted during spawning is biased toward males. This bias masks one of the more obvious signs of male overharvest-a male-depauperate sex ratio. Finally. a survey conducted during spawning cannot provide an accurate mapping of the spatial distribution of the postspawning broodstock returning from inshore spawning grounds to incubate their newly fertilized eggs during the next 10-12 months. A time-temperature model indicated that delaying the Bristol Bay red king crab survey until the end of June would ameliorate the problems caused by sampling an open population engaged in spawning.
C1 [Dew, C. Braxton] Alaska Fisheries Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM braxton.dew@noaa.gov
NR 67
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 5
U2 12
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 28
IS 5
BP 1618
EP 1637
DI 10.1577/M07-038.1
PG 20
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 385ET
UT WOS:000261796900025
ER
PT J
AU McCormick, CF
Marino, AM
Boyer, V
Lett, PD
AF McCormick, C. F.
Marino, A. M.
Boyer, V.
Lett, P. D.
TI Strong low-frequency quantum correlations from a four-wave-mixing
amplifier
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICS; INTERFEROMETER; NONDEGENERATE; OSCILLATOR; AMPLITUDE; STATES;
LIGHT; LINE
AB Using a simple scheme based on nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a hot vapor, we generate bright twin beams which display a quantum noise reduction in the intensity difference of more than 8 dB. The absence of a cavity makes the system immune to external perturbations, and strong quantum noise reduction is observed at frequencies as low as 4.5 kHz and over a large frequency range.
C1 [McCormick, C. F.; Marino, A. M.; Boyer, V.; Lett, P. D.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lett, PD (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM paul.lett@nist.gov
RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013
FU Intelligence Community Posdoctoral program
FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the Intelligence
Community Posdoctoral program. We thank Luis Orozco and Ennio Arimondo
for helpful discussions and Carlos R. Stroud and Frank A. Narducci for
the loan of highfrequency modulators.
NR 25
TC 69
Z9 72
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 4
AR 043816
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.043816
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 367SY
UT WOS:000260574100156
ER
PT J
AU Erickson, RP
Pappas, DP
AF Erickson, R. P.
Pappas, D. P.
TI Spin waves of a current-injected thin ferromagnetic stripe
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETOELECTRONICS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; PERMALLOY; EXCHANGE; FILMS
AB Within a micromagnetic model we present the theory of linearized spin waves of a current-carrying rectangular ferromagnetic stripe treated as a slab of infinite extent. After determining the nonuniform scissorlike magnetic ground state that results when a dc electric current is applied along an in-plane easy axis, we calculate both ferromagnetic resonances and spin-wave dispersion as a function of slab thickness. For Permalloy stripes less than 1 mu m in thickness, increasing current stiffens the response of bulk spin waves, and their dispersion becomes increasingly asymmetric with respect to the easy axis-shifting to lower (higher) frequencies with (opposite) the direction of current. Also, the frequency and direction of propagation of the Damon-Eshbach surface mode are substantially modified by the current, with changed surface-mode behavior exhibited. Above 1 mu m in thickness the lowest-lying resonance frequency of the Permalloy stripe softens to zero with increasing current and a gap opens up to finite wavelengths along the direction of current, indicative of a ground-state instability. We discuss the implication of our results to the characterization of the magnetic state of these rectangular structures.
C1 [Erickson, R. P.; Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Erickson, RP (reprint author), POB 14762, Scottsdale, AZ 85267 USA.
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [RA1341-08-SE-3214]
FX We would like to thank D. L. Mills and I. N. Krivorotov for helpful
comments and suggestions. This research was supported by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology through Purchase Order No.RA1341-
08-SE-3214.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 14
AR 144421
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.144421
PG 14
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 367TA
UT WOS:000260574300062
ER
PT J
AU Stewart, JR
Gardner, JS
Qiu, Y
Ehlers, G
AF Stewart, J. R.
Gardner, J. S.
Qiu, Y.
Ehlers, G.
TI Collective dynamics in the Heisenberg pyrochlore antiferromagnet
Gd2Sn2O7
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SPIN-ICE; DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS; FRUSTRATED GD2SN2O7; PHASE; TEMPERATURE;
GD2TI2O7; GARNET; ORDER; TRANSITION; GD3GA5O12
AB Gd2Sn2O7 is believed to be a good approximation to a Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a pyrochlore lattice with exchange and dipole-dipole interactions. The system is known to enter a long-range ordered ground state (the "Palmer Chalker" state) below T-c=1 K with k(ord)=(000). However, persistent electronic spin fluctuations have been observed as T -> 0. Using inelastic neutron scattering, we have studied the buildup of short-range spin-spin correlations as the temperature is lowered, and the eventual formation of a gapped long-range ordered state that is able to sustain spin waves below T-c. As a magnetic field is applied, new magnetic phases develop and the gap widens. These measurements show that Gd2Sn2O7 completely relieves itself of frustration, but the self-selected ground state is very delicate.
C1 [Stewart, J. R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
[Gardner, J. S.; Qiu, Y.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
EM jsg@nist.gov
RI Stewart, Ross/C-4194-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Ehlers,
Georg/B-5412-2008
OI Stewart, Ross/0000-0003-0053-0178; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X
FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Science
Foundation under Agreement [DMR-0454672]
FX We thank S. Bramwell, M. Gingras, and the staff at the NCNR for their
contributions. ORNL/SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 and the NCNR
is in part funded by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No.
DMR-0454672.
NR 30
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 13
AR 132410
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.132410
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 367SZ
UT WOS:000260574200016
ER
PT J
AU Wen, JS
Xu, GY
Stock, C
Gehring, PM
Zhong, Z
Boatner, LA
Venturini, EL
Samara, GA
AF Wen, Jinsheng
Xu, Guangyong
Stock, C.
Gehring, P. M.
Zhong, Z.
Boatner, L. A.
Venturini, E. L.
Samara, G. A.
TI Effect of local dipole moments on the structure and lattice dynamics of
K0.98Li0.02TaO3
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RAMAN-SCATTERING; KTAO3; POLARIZATION;
K1-XLIXTAO3; CRYSTALS; LI; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; IONS
AB We present high-energy x-ray (67 keV) and neutron-scattering measurements on a single crystal of K1-xLixTaO3 for which the Li content (x=0.02) is less than x(c)=0.022, the critical value below which no structural phase transitions have been reported in zero field. While the crystal lattice does remain cubic down to T=10 K under both zero-field and field-cooled (E <= 4 kV/cm) conditions, the Bragg peak intensity changes significantly at T-C=63 K. A strong and frequency-dependent dielectric permittivity is observed at ambient pressure, a defining characteristic of relaxors. However an extensive search for static polar nanoregions, which is also widely associated with relaxor materials, detected no evidence of elastic neutron diffuse scattering between 300 and 10 K. Neutron inelastic scattering methods were used to characterize the transverse acoustic and optic phonons (TA and TO modes) near the (200) and (002) Bragg peaks. The zone-center TO mode softens monotonically with cooling but never reaches zero energy in either zero field or in external electric fields of up to 4 kV/cm. These results are consistent with the behavior expected for a dipolar glass in which the local polar moments are frozen and exhibit no long-range order at low temperatures.
C1 [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Stock, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Stock, C.; Gehring, P. M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhong, Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Boatner, L. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Venturini, E. L.; Samara, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Stock, C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Rutherford, NJ USA.
RP Wen, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM jwen@bnl.gov
RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Boatner,
Lynn/I-6428-2013;
OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275;
Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046
FU U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSF [DMR-0306940]; ORNL;
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, U. S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX We would like to acknowledge stimulating discussions with H. J. Kang, J.
H. Chung, J. W. Lynn, and Y. Chen. The work at Brookhaven National
Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) under
Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. C. S. was supported by Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the NSF under Grant No.
DMR-0306940. Research at ORNL was sponsored by the Division of Materials
Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. DOE,
under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC.
NR 33
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 14
AR 144202
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.144202
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 367TA
UT WOS:000260574300035
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, J
Huang, Q
de la Cruz, C
Lynn, JW
Lumsden, MD
Ren, ZA
Yang, J
Shen, XL
Dong, XL
Zhao, ZX
Dai, PC
AF Zhao, Jun
Huang, Q.
de la Cruz, Clarina
Lynn, J. W.
Lumsden, M. D.
Ren, Z. A.
Yang, Jie
Shen, Xiaolin
Dong, Xiaoli
Zhao, Zhongxian
Dai, Pengcheng
TI Lattice and magnetic structures of PrFeAsO, PrFeAsO(0.85)F(0.15), and
PrFeAsO(0.85)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
AB We use powder neutron diffraction to study the spin and lattice structures of polycrystalline samples of nonsuperconducting PrFeAsO and superconducting PrFeAsO(0.85)F(0.15) and PrFeAsO(0.85). We find that PrFeAsO exhibits abrupt structural phase transitions at 153 K followed by static long-range antiferromagnetic order at 127 K. Both the structural distortion and magnetic order are similar to other rare-earth oxypnictides. Electron doping the system with either fluorine or oxygen deficiency suppresses the structural distortion and static long-range antiferromagnetic order, therefore placing these materials into the same class of FeAs-based superconductors.
C1 [Zhao, Jun; de la Cruz, Clarina; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[de la Cruz, Clarina; Lumsden, M. D.; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Ren, Z. A.; Yang, Jie; Shen, Xiaolin; Dong, Xiaoli; Zhao, Zhongxian] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
RP Zhao, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RI Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; yang,
jie/F-4389-2012; Ren, Zhi An/C-1421-2009; dela Cruz,
Clarina/C-2747-2013; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012
OI Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170;
yang, jie/0000-0002-5549-6926; dela Cruz, Clarina/0000-0003-4233-2145;
Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660
FU U. S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0756568]; U. S. Department of
Energy [DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202]; Division of Scientific User Facilities;
Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy; Chinese Academy of
Sciences; National Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and
Technology of China; Chinese Academy of Science Projects ITSNEM
[2006CB601000, 2006CB92180]
FX This work was supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation through
Grant No. DMR-0756568 and by the Division of Materials Science, Basic
Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy through Grant No. DOE
DE-FG02-05ER46202. This work was also supported in part by the Division
of Scientific User Facilities, Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department
of Energy. The work at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences was supported by the National Science Foundation of China, the
Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Ministry of Science and Technology
of China. The work at the Institute of Physics was also supported in
part by Chinese Academy of Science Projects ITSNEM No. 2006CB601000 and
No. 2006CB92180.
NR 21
TC 111
Z9 112
U1 2
U2 28
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 13
AR 132504
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.132504
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 367SZ
UT WOS:000260574200021
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, J
Ratcliff, W
Lynn, JW
Chen, GF
Luo, JL
Wang, NL
Hu, JP
Dai, PC
AF Zhao, Jun
Ratcliff, W., II
Lynn, J. W.
Chen, G. F.
Luo, J. L.
Wang, N. L.
Hu, Jiangping
Dai, Pengcheng
TI Spin and lattice structures of single-crystalline SrFe2As2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
AB We use neutron scattering to study the spin and lattice structure of single-crystal SrFe2As2, the parent compound of the FeAs-based superconductor (Sr,K)Fe2As2. We find that SrFe2As2 exhibits an abrupt structural phase transition at 220 K, where the structure changes from tetragonal with lattice parameters c>a=b to orthorhombic with c>a>b. At almost the same temperature, Fe spins develop a collinear antiferromagnetic structure along the orthorhombic a axis with spin direction parallel to this a axis. These results are consistent with earlier work on the RFeAsO (R=rare earth) families of materials and on BaFe2As2, and therefore suggest that static antiferromagnetic order is ubiquitous for the parent compounds of these FeAs-based high-transition temperature superconductors.
C1 [Zhao, Jun; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Ratcliff, W., II; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chen, G. F.; Luo, J. L.; Wang, N. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
[Hu, Jiangping] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM daip@ornl.gov
RI Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Hu,
Jiangping/A-9154-2010; hu, jiangping /C-3320-2014
OI Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Hu,
Jiangping/0000-0003-4480-1734;
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0756568]; DOE [DEFG02-05ER46202]
FX This work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through
Contract No. DMR-0756568 and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division
of Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences through DOE Contract No.
DEFG02-05ER46202. This work is also supported in part by the U. S.
Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities, Basic
Energy Sciences. The work at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy
of Sciences is supported by the National Science Foundation of China,
the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Ministry of Science and
Technology of China.
NR 31
TC 157
Z9 158
U1 4
U2 58
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 14
AR 140504
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.140504
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 367TA
UT WOS:000260574300013
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, HD
Wiebe, CR
Balicas, L
Yo, YJ
Qiu, Y
Copley, JRD
Gardner, JS
AF Zhou, H. D.
Wiebe, C. R.
Balicas, L.
Yo, Y. J.
Qiu, Y.
Copley, J. R. D.
Gardner, J. S.
TI Intrinsic spin-disordered ground state of the Ising garnet Ho3Ga5O12
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7; GADOLINIUM GALLIUM GARNET;
FIELD-INDUCED TRANSITIONS; FRUSTRATED MAGNET; LOW-TEMPERATURE; RANGE
ORDER; LONG-RANGE; LIQUID; ICE
AB Motivated by predictions of a spin-ice state on the Ising garnet lattice, we have completed neutron-scattering experiments on single crystals of Ho3Ga5O12. Our results show that although the Ho3+ spins have Ising-type character with an easy-axis anisotropy, the low-temperature ground state has coexisting long-range- and short-range-ordered spins and is therefore not an ice state. Inelastic neutron-scattering measurements reveal the presence of low-lying crystal-field states that develop a softening at the onset of short-range magnetic ordering. We suggest that the specific tuning of the exchange and dipolar interactions, along with the accessibility of these low-lying excitations, conspire to drive the system to a disordered state.
C1 [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.; Balicas, L.; Yo, Y. J.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM cwiebe@magnet.fsu.edu
RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016
FU NSF [DMR-0084173, DMR0454672]
FX This work was made possible by the support through the NSF (under Grants
No. DMR-0084173 and No. DMR0454672), the EIEG program (FSU), and the
state of Florida. The authors are grateful for the local support staff
at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. Data analysis was completed
with DAVE, which can be obtained at http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/dave/.
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 14
AR 140406
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.140406
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 367TA
UT WOS:000260574300008
ER
PT J
AU Mansfield, ML
Douglas, JF
AF Mansfield, Marc L.
Douglas, Jack F.
TI Improved path integration method for estimating the intrinsic viscosity
of arbitrarily shaped particles
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION;
BEAD MODELS; RIGID MACROMOLECULES; FRICTION; FLOW; CAPACITANCE;
PREDICTION; ALGORITHM
AB In previous work, we have established that the intrinsic viscosity [eta] of an object is nearly proportional to the average electrical polarizability tensor =tr(alpha(e))/3 of a conducting object having the same shape, or equivalently, to the intrinsic conductivity [sigma]=/V, which characterizes the conductivity of a dilute mixture of randomly oriented conducting objects (V being the volume of the object). This hydrodynamic-electrostatic analogy is useful because alpha(e) can be determined accurately and efficiently by numerical path integration for objects of arbitrary shape. Here, we show that the uncertainty in [eta] can be reduced to a relatively small value (< 1.5% relative uncertainty) by utilizing additional information from the full tensor alpha(e), rather than just its average. Specifically, we determine the exact constant of proportionality between [eta] and [sigma] for triaxial ellipsoids as a function of the ratios of the eigenvalues of alpha(e) and apply this relation to particles of general shape. In addition to an improved estimation of [eta], the ratios of the components of alpha(e) provide useful measures of particle anisotropy. We also present an improved method for applying the technique to flexible particles, which requires performing a conformational ensemble average. Conformational averages of alpha(e) generate systematic errors that can be avoided by performing the conformational average at an earlier stage in the computation.
C1 [Mansfield, Marc L.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
[Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mansfield, ML (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
NR 37
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 4
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 78
IS 4
AR 046712
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.046712
PN 2
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 367SW
UT WOS:000260573900090
PM 18999566
ER
PT J
AU Blackburn, E
Goodkind, J
Sinha, SK
Broholm, C
Copley, J
Erwin, R
AF Blackburn, Elizabeth
Goodkind, John
Sinha, Sunil K.
Broholm, Collin
Copley, John
Erwin, Ross
TI Neutron scattering study of the excitation spectrum of solid helium at
ultra-low temperatures
SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Solid helium; phonons; vacancy excitations; roton
ID HCP HE-4; PHONON SPECTRUM; SUPERFLUIDITY; HE4
AB There has been a resurgence of interest in the properties of solid helium due to the recent discovery of non-classical rotational inertia (NCRI) in solid (4)He by Chan and coworkers below 200 mK which they have interpreted as a transition to a 'supersolid' phase. We have carried out a series of elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements on single crystals of hcp (4)He at temperatures down to 60 mK. While we have found no direct evidence of any change in the excitation spectrum at low temperatures, we have found that the excitation spectrum of solid (4)He shows several interesting features, including extra branches in addition to the phonon branches. We interpret these extra branches as single particle excitations due to propagating vacancy waves, which map on to the famous 'roton minimum' long known in the excitation spectrum of superfluid liquid (4)He. The (4)He shares several features in common with the superfluid.
C1 [Blackburn, Elizabeth; Goodkind, John; Sinha, Sunil K.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Copley, John; Erwin, Ross] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sinha, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM ssinha@physics.ucsd.edu
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Blackburn, Elizabeth/C-2312-2014
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892;
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0604295, DMR-0454672]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
Grant Nos DMR-0604295 and DMR-0454672. The DAVE software package was
used for elements of the data reduction and analysis
(http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/dave).
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0304-4289
J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS
JI Pramana-J. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 71
IS 4
BP 673
EP 678
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 403FU
UT WOS:000263069300009
ER
PT J
AU Brown, CM
Liu, Y
Neumann, DA
AF Brown, Craig M.
Liu, Yun
Neumann, Dan A.
TI Neutron powder diffraction of metal-organic frameworks for hydrogen
storage
SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Neutron; diffraction; hydrogen; adsorption; structure
ID CU-3(1,3,5-BENZENETRICARBOXYLATE)(2); ADSORPTION; SITES; D-2
AB We review recent structural studies that we have undertaken aimed at elucidating the fundamental properties of metal-organic framework materials and their interactions with hydrogen. We have shown that exposing coordinatively unsaturated metal centers can greatly enhance the hydrogen binding energy and that they result in a significant increase of the surface packing density of adsorbed hydrogen molecules on materials' surface. NW will review some of the structural aspects of these materials, especially the adsorbed hydrogen molecule surface packing density in one type of metal-organic framework MOF-74, which can be packed even denser than that in solid hydrogen.
C1 [Brown, Craig M.; Liu, Yun; Neumann, Dan A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Brown, CM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur 1 Dr,MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM craig.brown@nist.gov
RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown,
Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355
NR 22
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 5
U2 18
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0304-4289
J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS
JI Pramana-J. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 71
IS 4
BP 755
EP 760
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 403FU
UT WOS:000263069300019
ER
PT J
AU Gao, ST
Li, XF
AF Gao, Shouting
Li, Xiaofan
TI Responses of tropical deep convective precipitation systems and their
associated convective and stratiform regions to the large-scale forcing
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE cloud-resolving model; surface rainfall equation; strong-forcing phase;
weak-forcing phase
ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; TOGA COARE;
THERMODYNAMIC FORCINGS; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE;
MESOSCALE PROCESSES; OCEANIC CONVECTION; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FRONTAL
RAINBANDS
AB Responses of convective and stratiform rainfall to large-scale forcing in the tropical deep convective regime are investigated by analysing data front a two-dimensional cloud-resolving Model simulation. The model is forced by large-scale vertical velocity. zonal wind, horizontal advection, and sea-surface temperature observed and derived from TOGA COARE. The imposed large-scale vertical velocity shows that the ascending motion averaged front 22-27 December 1992 is significantly stronger than that averaged from 3-8 January 1993. Thus, the periods of 22-27 December 1992 and 3-8 January 1993 are. respectively. identified as strong-forcing (SF) and weak-forcing (WF) phases. Although the convective rain rates are similar in the two phases. startiform rain rate is larger in the SF phase than in the WF phase. which leads to larger time and spatial mean surface rain rate in the SF phase. Similar rates of water vapour convergence and vapour condensation and collection of cloud water by rain over water-hydrometer-dominated convective regions are responsible for similar convective rain rates in the two phases. Water vapour divergence is larger in the WF phase than in the SF phase. which causes smaller vapour condensation and deposition rates in the WF phase. As a result, the collection rate of cloud water by rain and the melting rate of graupel to rain are smaller in the WF phase than in the SF phase, which accounts for the smaller startiform rain rate in the WF phase. Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meterological Society
C1 [Gao, Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Gao, ST (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM gst@lasg.iap.ac.cn
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40333028]; 'Outstanding
Overseas Scholars'; [2002-1-2]
FX The author thanks W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud-resolving model,
M. Zhang at SUNY, Stony Brook for his TOGA COARE forcing data, and two
anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improve the
manuscript significantly. S. Gao is Supported by the National Natural
Sciences Foundation of China under Grant No. 40333028 and 'Outstanding
Overseas Scholars' project No. 2002-1-2.
NR 65
TC 31
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 134
IS 637
BP 2127
EP 2141
DI 10.1002/qj.331
PN B
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 404PU
UT WOS:000263166300012
ER
PT J
AU Akmaev, RA
Juang, HMH
AF Akmaev, R. A.
Juang, H. -M. H.
TI Using enthalpy as a prognostic variable in atmospheric modelling with
variable composition
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE entropy; internal energy equation; thermodynamic potentials; virtual
temperature
ID TIME INTEGRATION; SCHEME
AB Specific enthalpy emerges from a general form of the internal energy equation as a convenient prognostic thermodynamic variable tor atmospheric modelling with variable composition, including models of moist air. This choice presents a general and flexible alternative to the common formalism of virtual temperature employed ill most numerical weather prediction and climate models to account for the presence of water vapour and other constituents. The new approach eliminates the need tor additional terms in the energy equation. resulting from composition variations along the air-parcel trajectories and routinely neglected in models. This note presents a derivation of relevant equations from first principles and outlines the changes to existing model codes necessary to accommodate the new formulation. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Akmaev, R. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Juang, H. -M. H.] NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Akmaev, RA (reprint author), NOAA SWPC, W-NP9,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Rashid.Akmaev@noaa.gov
FU NASA Heliophysics Theory; Living With a Star (LWS); MURI
FX Insightful comments by an anonymous reviewer helped to improve the
presentation. Development of WAM has been Supported in part by grants
from the NASA Heliophysics Theory and Living With a Star (LWS) programs
as 'well as the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research
Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) program.
NR 21
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 134
IS 637
BP 2193
EP 2197
DI 10.1002/qj.345
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 404PU
UT WOS:000263166300017
ER
PT J
AU Tommasini, R
MacPhee, A
Hey, D
Ma, T
Chen, C
Izumi, N
Unites, W
MacKinnon, A
Hatchett, SP
Remington, BA
Park, HS
Springer, P
Koch, JA
Landen, OL
Seely, J
Holland, G
Hudson, L
AF Tommasini, R.
MacPhee, A.
Hey, D.
Ma, T.
Chen, C.
Izumi, N.
Unites, W.
MacKinnon, A.
Hatchett, S. P.
Remington, B. A.
Park, H. S.
Springer, P.
Koch, J. A.
Landen, O. L.
Seely, John
Holland, Glenn
Hudson, Larry
TI Development of backlighting sources for a Compton radiography diagnostic
of inertial confinement fusion targets (invited)
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 17th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics
CY 2008
CL Albuquerque, NM
DE bremsstrahlung; Compton effect; gold; plasma confinement; plasma
diagnostics; plasma interactions; plasma production by laser
ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY
AB We present scaled demonstrations of backlighter sources, emitting bremsstrahlung x rays with photon energies above 75 keV, that we will use to record x-ray Compton radiographic snapshots of cold dense DT fuel in inertial confinement fusion implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In experiments performed at the Titan laser facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we measured the source size and the bremsstrahlung spectrum as a function of laser intensity and pulse length from solid targets irradiated at 2x10(17)-5x10(18) W/cm(2) using 2-40 ps pulses. Using Au planar foils we achieved source sizes down to 5.5 mu m and conversion efficiencies of about 1x10(-13) J/J into x-ray photons with energies in the 75-100 keV spectral range. We can now use these results to design NIF backlighter targets and shielding and to predict Compton radiography performance as a function of the NIF implosion yield and associated background.
C1 [Tommasini, R.; MacPhee, A.; Hey, D.; Ma, T.; Chen, C.; Izumi, N.; Unites, W.; MacKinnon, A.; Hatchett, S. P.; Remington, B. A.; Park, H. S.; Springer, P.; Koch, J. A.; Landen, O. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Tommasini, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Seely, John; Holland, Glenn] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Hudson, Larry] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tommasini, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM tommasini@llnl.gov
RI Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI,
Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009
OI Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906;
IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini,
Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565
NR 9
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 79
IS 10
AR 10E901
DI 10.1063/1.2953593
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 367ST
UT WOS:000260573500159
PM 19044556
ER
PT J
AU Wu, ST
Wang, AH
Fry, CD
Feng, XS
Wu, CC
Dryer, M
AF Wu, S. T.
Wang, Ai-Hua
Fry, C. D.
Feng, XueShang
Wu, Chin-Chun
Dryer, Murray
TI Challenges of modeling solar disturbances' arrival times at the Earth
SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE space weather-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling; MHD Sun-Earth
connection; MHD Sun-Corona
ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; MAGNETIC CLOUD; MHD;
EVOLUTION; EVENT; SIMULATION; PREDICTION
AB In recent years remarkable advances have been made in the development of physics based models of various parts of the solar-terrestrial system (see JASTP special issues, October, November 2004; February 2007). In this paper, we focus our discussions in a specific region of the Sun to the Earth's environment (i.e. 1 AU). It is well-known that geomagnetic storms are caused by solar eruptions. The consequences of these storms include particle acceleration, solar wind impact on the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere, UV-EUV radiation effects on the lower atmosphere, etc. One of the main challenges is to predict the arrival time at 1 AU of the solar disturbance. The prospects look good for an accurate, real-time forecast scheme built on the acquisition of solar, heliosphere and the near-Earth data and large-scale models. However, the accuracy of these models still needs improvement. We will discuss the present status of the models and challenges to improve the simulation models.
C1 [Wu, S. T.; Wang, Ai-Hua; Fry, C. D.; Wu, Chin-Chun; Dryer, Murray] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Wu, S. T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Fry, C. D.; Dryer, Murray] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
[Feng, XueShang] State Key Lab Space Weather, SIGMA Weather Grp, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
[Feng, XueShang] Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
[Wu, Chin-Chun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Wu, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
EM wus@cspar.uah.edu
FU AFOSR [A9550-07-1-0468]; AURA Sub-Award [C10569A]; AST [0132798]; NSF
[ATM-0754378]; NASA [NNX07AH85G]; ational Natural Science Foundation of
China [40536029, 40621003, 40374056, 40574058]
FX STW and AHW are supported by AFOSR (Grant No. FA9550-07-1-0468), AURA
Sub-Award C10569A of NSO's Cooperative Agreement AST 0132798, and NSF
(Grant No. ATM-0754378); CCW is supported by NASA grant NNX07AH85G FENG
is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.
40536029, 40621003, 40374056 and 40574058)
NR 30
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-9321
J9 SCI CHINA SER E
JI Sci. China Ser. E-Technol. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 51
IS 10
SI SI
BP 1580
EP 1588
DI 10.1007/s11431-008-0266-7
PG 9
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 356PK
UT WOS:000259789900003
ER
PT J
AU Iliadis, AA
Richter, C
AF Iliadis, Agis A.
Richter, Curt
TI PAPERS SELECTED FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH
SYMPOSIUM 2007-ISDRS 2007 Foreword
SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Iliadis, Agis A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Richter, Curt] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Iliadis, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM agis@eng.umd.edu; curt.richter@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-1101
J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON
JI Solid-State Electron.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 52
IS 10
BP 1473
EP 1473
DI 10.1016/j.sse.2008.07.003
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics,
Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 370IM
UT WOS:000260755900001
ER
PT J
AU Brown, AD
Chuss, D
Mikula, V
Henry, R
Wollack, E
Zhao, Y
Hilton, GC
Chervenak, JA
AF Brown, Ari-David
Chuss, David
Mikula, Vilem
Henry, Ross
Wollack, Edward
Zhao, Yue
Hilton, Gene C.
Chervenak, James A.
TI Auxiliary components for kilopixel transition edge sensor arrays
SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium
CY DEC 12-14, 2007
CL College Pk, MD
DE Resistive elements; Transition edge sensors; Focal plane arrays
ID CAMERA; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; FABRICATION; ATMOSPHERE; RESOLUTION;
SCUBA-2; MON
AB We have fabricated transition edge sensor bolometer focal plane arrays sensitive to mm-submillimeter (0.1-3 THz) radiation for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), which will probe the cosmic microwave background at 145, 215, and 280 GHz. Central to the performance of these bolometers is a set of auxiliary resistive components. Here we discuss shunt resistors, which allow for tight optimization of bolometer time constant and sensitivity. Our shunt resistors consist of AuPd strips grown atop interdigitated Superconducting MoNx wires. We can tailor the shunt resistance by altering the dimensions of the AuPd strips and the pitch and width of the MoN, wires and can fabricate all of the shunts necessary for a kilopixel focal plane bolometer array on a single 4" wafer. By modeling the resistance dependence of these parameters, a variety of different 0.75 +/- 0.05 mOhm shunt resistors have been fabricated. This variety includes different shunts which have MoN, wires with wire width equal to 1.5 and 10 mu m and pitch equal to 4.5 and 26 mu m, respectively. Our ability to set the resistance of the shunts hints at the scalability of our design. We have also integrated a SiO2 capping layer into our shunt resistor fabrication scheme, which inhibits metal corrosion and eventual degradation of the shunt. Consequently, their robustness coupled with their high packing density makes these resistive components attractive for future kilopixel detector arrays. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Brown, Ari-David; Chuss, David; Mikula, Vilem; Henry, Ross; Wollack, Edward; Chervenak, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Zhao, Yue] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Hilton, Gene C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Brown, AD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 553, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Ari.D.Brown@nasa.gov
RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-1101
J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON
JI Solid-State Electron.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 52
IS 10
BP 1619
EP 1624
DI 10.1016/j.sse.2008.06.018
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics,
Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 370IM
UT WOS:000260755900027
ER
PT J
AU Papa, F
Prigent, C
Rossow, WB
AF Papa, F.
Prigent, C.
Rossow, W. B.
TI Monitoring Flood and Discharge Variations in the Large Siberian Rivers
From a Multi-Satellite Technique
SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
DE Hydrology; Remote sensing; Inundation; River discharge; Snow
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; HEMISPHERE SNOW EXTENT; WETLAND DYNAMICS;
VARIABILITY; WATER; PRECIPITATION; INUNDATION; ALTIMETER; REGIME; SCALE
AB Using a multi-satellite method, employing passive and active microwave along with visible and infrared observations developed to estimate monthly inundation extent at global scale, this study investigates the response of river discharge to seasonal flood change in the large Siberian watersheds. The seasonal cycle and variations of inundation extent over the Ob, the Yenissey, and the Lena basins for the period 1993-2000 show different spatial and temporal behaviors due to different climate and permafrost conditions. Using in-situ discharges collected at the outlets of the three basins, we analyze and quantify the relationships between the river streamflow and the monthly satellite-derived inundation extent during the spring/summer periods. Furthermore, we analyze extreme (high/low) streamflow cases for some years and the associated inundation conditions for the three watersheds and link these cases with other climatic parameters such as the snow water equivalent, temperatures, and precipitation. The results of this study demonstrate that the monthly multi-satellite-derived inundation dataset brings a new useful tool for better understanding both the streamflow processes and the description of the snow-inundation-runoff relations in data scarce areas like the remote Arctic river basins.
C1 [Papa, F.; Rossow, W. B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Prigent, C.] Observ Paris, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Mat Astrophys, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France.
RP Papa, F (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM fpapa@giss.nasa.gov
RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015
OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253;
FU NASA's NEWS [NNDX7AO90E]
FX We are grateful to the Arctic-RIMS team and people from the University
of New Hampshire who are kindly providing data sets (river discharge,
air temperature, precipitation, SSM/I-derived snow water equivalent)
over the Arctic regions. We also thank the NSIDC for providing in situ
snow water equivalent from the Former Soviet Union hydrological snow
surveys. This research is supported by a NASA's NEWS Grant NNDX7AO90E
managed by Dr. Jared K. Entin.
NR 58
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 5
U2 22
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-3298
J9 SURV GEOPHYS
JI Surv. Geophys.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 29
IS 4-5
BP 297
EP 317
DI 10.1007/s10712-008-9036-0
PG 21
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 403EJ
UT WOS:000263065600004
ER
PT J
AU Homar, V
Stensrud, DJ
AF Homar, Victor
Stensrud, David J.
TI Subjective versus objective sensitivity estimates: application to a
North African cyclogenesis
SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID ADAPTIVE OBSERVING GUIDANCE; ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; TARGETED
OBSERVATIONS; ADJOINT-SENSITIVITY; FORECAST ERRORS; MEDITERRANEAN
CYCLONE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE-SENSITIVITY; PHYSICAL
PROCESSES; MESOSCALE MODEL
AB An observing system simulation experiment is used to test and compare objective and subjective estimates of sensitivity of a forecast aspect to the initial condition (IC) fields for a case of rapidly developing cyclogenesis over the Western Mediterranean during 19-22 December 1979. The ability of sensitivity estimation methods to provide helpful guidance about where an improvement in the IC can lead to the largest forecast error reduction is particularly important to ascertain in order to guide adaptive observation campaigns.
Synthetic soundings from a 15-km reference simulation are added to an initially poor 60-km control simulation over the sensitive areas as determined by the combination of the given sensitivity estimate and a simple analysis error estimate. The ability of each sensitivity estimation method to produce an improved simulation of the cyclone is assessed.
Results show that while the sensitivity estimates perform similarly, with no significant differences among them, the subjective method yields the best overall targeting guidance. In contrast, the adjoint estimate provides the least accurate targeting guidance for this particular case and analysis error estimate. This suggests that subjective sensitivity estimation methods are able to compete with or even improve upon the objective estimation method for this case of cyclogenesis over the Western Mediterranean.
C1 [Homar, Victor] Univ Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
[Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Homar, V (reprint author), Univ Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
EM victor.homar@uib.es
RI Homar Santaner, Victor/K-2678-2014
OI Homar Santaner, Victor/0000-0003-1459-2003
FU National Research Council Research; WMO-THORPEX; ENSEMBLE
[CGL2005-05681/CLI]; National Science Foundation
FX We are grateful to C. Bishop, R. Errico and two anonymous reviewers for
their comments and suggestions. This work was performed while the
leading author held a National Research Council Research Associateship
Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory. This research was
mainly developed in the framework of the WMO-THORPEX 'Mediterranean
Experiment MEDEX' and ENSEMBLE (CGL2005-05681/CLI, Spain) projects.
Computer support provided by NCAR/Scientific Computer Division (which is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation) for model data
preprocessing is also acknowledged.
NR 58
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0280-6495
J9 TELLUS A
JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 5
BP 1064
EP 1078
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00353.x
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 352VX
UT WOS:000259526600020
ER
PT J
AU Wandishin, MS
Stensrud, DJ
Mullen, SL
Wicker, LJ
AF Wandishin, Matthew S.
Stensrud, David J.
Mullen, Steven L.
Wicker, Louis J.
TI On the Predictability of Mesoscale Convective Systems: Two-Dimensional
Simulations
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID WARM-SEASON PRECIPITATION; MOIST CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY;
SQUALL LINES; CLOUD MODEL; STORM; FLOW; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION;
FORECASTS
AB Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are a dominant climatological feature of the central United States and are responsible for a substantial fraction of warm season rainfall. Yet very little is known about file predictability of MCSs. To help alleviate this situation, a series of ensemble simulations of an MCS are performed on a two-dimensional, storm-scale (Delta x = 1 km) model. Ensemble member perturbations in wind speed, relative humidity, and instability are based oil current 24-h forecast errors from the North American Model (NAM). The ensemble results thus provide an upper bound on the predictability of mesoscale convective systems within realistic estimates of environmental uncertainty, assuming successful convective initiation.
The simulations are assessed by considering all ensemble member a success when it reproduces a convective system of at least 20 km in length (roughly the size of two convective cells) within 100 km on either side of the location of the MCS in the control run. By that standard, MCSs occur roughly 70% of the time for perturbation magnitudes consistent with 24-h forecast errors. Reducing the perturbations for all fields to one-half the 24-h error values increases the MCS success rate to over 90%. The same improvement in forecast accuracy would lead to a 30%-40% reduction in maximum surface wind speed uncertainty and a roughly 20% reduction in the uncertainty in maximum updraft strength, and initially slower growth in the uncertainty, in the size of the MCS. However, the occurrence of MCSs drops below 50% as the midlayer mean relative humidity falls below 65%. The response of the model to reductions in forecast errors for instability, moisture, and wind speed is not consistent and cannot be easily generalized, but each call have a substantial impact on forecast uncertainty.
C1 [Wandishin, Matthew S.; Mullen, Steven L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Stensrud, David J.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Wandishin, MS (reprint author), NSSL Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM matt.wandishin@noaa.gov
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0432232]
FX We thank Ted Mansell for help with running the N-COMMAS model, and two
anonymous reviewers whose comments have improved the presentation of
this paper. This research was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation under Grant ATM-0432232.
NR 51
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 5
BP 773
EP 785
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2007057.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360NI
UT WOS:000260063800001
ER
PT J
AU Heinselman, PL
Priegnitz, DL
Manross, KL
Smith, TM
Adams, RW
AF Heinselman, Pamela L.
Priegnitz, David L.
Manross, Kevin L.
Smith, Travis M.
Adams, Richard W.
TI Rapid Sampling of Severe Storms by the National Weather Radar Testbed
Phased Array Radar
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPPLER RADAR; MICROBURST; WSR-88D; SIGNATURE; SHEAR; WIND
AB A key advantage of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar (PAR) is the capability to adaptively scan storms at higher temporal resolution than is possible with the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D): 1 min or less versus 4.1 min, respectively. High temporal resolution volumetric radar data are a necessity for rapid identification and confirmation of weather phenomena that call develop within minutes. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the PAR's ability to collect rapid-scan volumetric data that provide more detailed depictions of quickly evolving storm structures than the WSR-88D. Scientific advantages of higher temporal resolution PAR data are examined for three convective storms that occurred during the spring and summer of 2006, including a reintensifying supercell, a microburst, and a hailstorm. The analysis of the reintensifying supercell (58-s updates) illustrates the capability to diagnose the detailed evolution of developing and/or intensifying areas of 1) low-altitude divergence and rotation and 2) rotation through the depth of the storm. The fuller sampling of the microburst's storm life cycle (34-s updates) depicts precursors to the strong surface outflow that are essentially indiscernible ill the WSR-88D data. Furthermore. the 34-s scans provide a more precise sampling of peak outflow. The more frequent sampling of the hailstorm (26-s updates) illustrates the opportunity to analyze storm structures indicative of rapid intensification, the development of hail aloft. and the onset of the downdraft near the surface.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Heinselman, PL (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM pam.heinselman@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; U.S.
Department of Commerce (DOC)
FX Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement
NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC). The statements, findings,
conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. DOC. We especially
thank the leadership of Doug Forsyth and the work of Mark Benner, Dan
Suppes, Kurt Hondl, and John Thompson, who kept data collection,
archiving, and data display going. We also thank Chris Curtis and
Sebastian Torres for sharing their radar engineering expertise; Dick
Doviak, Dusan Zrnic, and Rodger Brown for their thoughtful reviews; and
the anonymous reviewers for insights that helped to improve the paper.
NR 24
TC 52
Z9 55
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 5
BP 808
EP 824
DI 10.1175/200SWAF2007071.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360NI
UT WOS:000260063800004
ER
PT J
AU Houston, AL
Thompson, RL
Edwards, R
AF Houston, Adam L.
Thompson, Richard L.
Edwards, Roger
TI The Optimal Bulk Wind Differential Depth and the Utility of the
Upper-Tropospheric Storm-Relative Flow for Forecasting Supercells
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; SHEAR; ENVIRONMENTS;
HELICITY; BUOYANCY; MOTION
AB An analysis of 4 yr of Rapid Update Cycle-2 (RUC-2) derived soundings in proximity to radar-observed supercells and nonsupercells is conducted in an effort to answer two questions: 1) over what depth is the fixed-layer bulk wind differential (BWD; the vector difference between the wind velocity at a given level and the wind velocity at the surface) the best discriminator between supercell and nonsupercell environments and 2) does the upper-tropospheric storm-relative flow (UTSRF) discriminate between the environments of supercells and nonsupercells? Previous climatologies of sounding-based supercell forecast parameters have documented the ability of the 0-6-km BWD in delineating supercell from nonsupercell environments. However, a systematic examination of a wide range of layers has never been documented. The UTSRF has previously been tested as a parameter for discriminating between supercell and nonsupercell environments and there is sonic evidence that supercells may be sensitive to the UTSRF. However, this sensitivity may be a consequence of the correlation between UTSRF and the surface to midtropospheric BWD. Accurately assessing the ability of the UTSRF to distinguish between supercell and nonsupercell environments requires controlling for the surface to midtropospheric BWD.
It is shown that the bulk wind differential within the 0-5-km layer delineates best between supercell and nonsupercell environments. Analysis of the UTSRF demonstrates that even when riot controlling for the BWD, the UTSRF has limited reliability in forecasting supercells. The lack of merit in using the UTSRF to forecast supercells is particularly evident when it is isolated from the BWD. Because the UTSRF and BWD are not independent, controlling for the BWD when examining the UTSRF reveals that the UTSRF is not a fundamental parameter that call be used to distinguish supercell from nonsupercell environments. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the UTSRF is in unreliable metric for forecasting supercell events.
C1 [Houston, Adam L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
[Thompson, Richard L.; Edwards, Roger] Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
RP Houston, AL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, 214 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
EM ahouston@unl.edu
NR 19
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 5
BP 825
EP 837
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2007007.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360NI
UT WOS:000260063800005
ER
PT J
AU Jung, JA
Zapotocny, TH
Le Marshall, JF
Treadon, RE
AF Jung, James A.
Zapotocny, Tom H.
Le Marshall, John F.
Treadon, Russ E.
TI A Two-Season Impact Study of NOAA Polar-Orbiting Satellites in the NCEP
Global Data Assimilation System
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID IN-SITU DATA; 4-SEASON IMPACT; POES DATA; RAWINSONDE; SKILL; WINDS;
WATER
AB Observing system experiments (OSEs) during two seasons are used to quantify the important contributions made to forecast quality from the use of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites. The impact is measured by comparing the analysis and forecast results from an assimilation-forecast system using one NOAA polar-orbiting satellite with results from using two and three polar-orbiting satellites in complementary orbits.
The assimilation-forecast system used for these experiments is The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System-Global Forecast System (GDAS-GFS). The case studies chosen consist of periods during January-February and August-September 2003. Differences between the forecasts are accumulated over the two seasons and are analyzed to demonstrate the impact of these satellites.
Anomaly correlations (ACs) and geographical forecasts (FIs) are evaluated for all experimental runs during both seasons. The anomaly correlations are generated using the standard NCEP verification software suite and cover the polar regions (60 degrees-90 degrees) and midaltitudes (20 degrees-80 degrees) of each hemisphere. The rms error for 850- and 200-hPa wind vector differences are shown for the tropical region (20 degrees N-20 degrees S). The geographical distribution of forecast impact on geopotential heights, relative humidity, precipitable water, and the u component of wind are also examined.
The results demonstrate that the successive addition of each NOAA polar-orbiting satellite increases forecast quality. The use of three NOAA polar-orbiting satellites generally provides the largest improvement to the anomaly correlation scores in the polar and midaltitude regions. Improvements to the anomaly correlation scores are also realized from the use two NOAA polar-orbiting satellites over only one. The forecast improvements from two satellites are generally smaller than if using three satellites, consistent with the increase ill areal coverage obtained with the third satellite.
C1 [Jung, James A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA.
[Jung, James A.; Zapotocny, Tom H.; Le Marshall, John F.; Treadon, Russ E.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Zapotocny, Tom H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Le Marshall, John F.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Treadon, Russ E.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Jung, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM jim.jung@noaa.gov
FU NOAA [NA07EC0676]
FX The authors wish to thank Stephen Lord, Dennis Keyser, Stacie Bender,
and John Derber of NCEP for providing the appropriate hardware re-so 171
ware support and guidance. The authors also wish to thank Timothy J.
Schmit of NOAA/NESDIS/ORA for his enlightening scientific input and Todd
K. Schaack for his help with graphics generation using IDL. The study
was undertaken within the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
(JCSDA) and supported under NOAA Grant NA07EC0676, which supports joint
center activities.; The contents of this paper are solely the opinions
of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decisions,
or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government.
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 5
BP 854
EP 877
DI 10.1175/200SWAF2007065.1
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360NI
UT WOS:000260063800007
ER
PT J
AU Fogt, RL
Bromwich, DH
AF Fogt, Ryan L.
Bromwich, David H.
TI Atmospheric Moisture and Cloud Cover Characteristics Forecast by AMPS
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE-PREDICTION-SYSTEM; PHASE STRATIFORM CLOUDS; POLAR MM5
SIMULATIONS; SOUTH-POLE; CLIMATE MODELS; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION;
PART II; ANTARCTICA; CIRCULATION; GREENLAND
AB Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) forecasts of atmospheric moisture and cloud fraction (CF) are compared with observations at McMurdo and Amundsen-Scott South Pole station (hereafter, South Pole station) in Antarctica. Overall, it is found that the model produces excessive Moisture at both sites in the mid- to upper troposphere because of a weaker vertical decrease of moisture in AMPS than observed. Correlations with observations suggest AMPS does a reasonable job of capturing the low-level moisture variability at McMurdo and the upper-level moisture variability at South Pole station. The model underpredicts the cloud cover at both locations, but changes to the AMPS empirical CF algorithm remove this negative bias by more than doubling the weight given to the cloud ice path.
A "Pseudosatellite" product based on the microphysical quantities of cloud ice and cloud liquid water within AMPS is preliminarily evaluated against Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) imagery during summer to examine the broader performance of cloud variability in AMPS. These comparisons reveal that the model predicts high-level cloud cover and movement with fidelity. which explains the good agreement between the modified CF algorithm and the observed CF. However. this product also demonstrates deficiencies ill capturing low-level cloudiness over cold ice surfaces primarily related to insufficient Supercooled liquid water produced by the microphysics scheme, which also reduces the CF correlation with observations.
The results suggest that AMPS predicts the overall CF amount and high cloud variability notably well, making it a reliable tool for longer-term climate studies of these fields in Antarctica.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Polar Meteorol Grp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Fogt, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway R-PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ryan.fogt@noaa.gov
RI Fogt, Ryan/B-6989-2008; Bromwich, David/C-9225-2016
OI Fogt, Ryan/0000-0002-5398-3990;
FU UCAR [SO1-22961]; NSF [OPP-0337948]
FX The authors thank Kathie Hill and Michael Town for discussions regarding
cloud variability and observations at South Pole station, Daniel
Steinhoff for processing and obtaining the satellite imagery for Figs. 9
and 10 from NASA's Level 1 Atmospheric Archive and Distribution System,
and NSF for supporting the site visit by RLF to McMurdo and South Pole
station in January 2006. This research was funded by UCAR Subcontract
SO1-22961 and NSF Grant OPP-0337948.
NR 34
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 5
BP 914
EP 930
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2006100.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360NI
UT WOS:000260063800010
ER
PT J
AU Kain, JS
Weiss, SJ
Bright, DR
Baldwin, ME
Levit, JJ
Carbin, GW
Schwartz, CS
Weisman, ML
Droegemeier, KK
Weber, DB
Thomas, KW
AF Kain, John S.
Weiss, Steven J.
Bright, David R.
Baldwin, Michael E.
Levit, Jason J.
Carbin, Gregory W.
Schwartz, Craig S.
Weisman, Morris L.
Droegemeier, Kelvin K.
Weber, Daniel B.
Thomas, Kevin W.
TI Some Practical Considerations Regarding Horizontal Resolution in the
First Generation of Operational Convection-Allowing NWP
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SPRING PROGRAM; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION;
PRECIPITATION; EXPLICIT; IMPACT; STORMS; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION
AB During the 2005 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Experiment two different high-resolution configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting-Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) model were used to produce 30-h forecasts, 5 days a week for a total of 7 weeks. These configurations used the same physical parameterizations and the same input dataset for the initial and boundary conditions, differing primarily in their spatial resolution. The first set of runs used 4-km horizontal grid spacing with 35 vertical levels while the second used 2-km grid spacing and 51 vertical levels.
Output from these daily forecasts is analyzed to assess the numerical forecast sensitivity to spatial resolution in the upper end of the convection-allowing range of grid spacing. The focus is on the central United States and the time period 18-30 h after model initialization. The analysis is based on a combination of visual comparison, systematic subjective verification conducted during the Spring Experiment, and objective metrics based largely on the mean diurnal cycle of the simulated reflectivity and precipitation fields. Additional insight is gained by examining the size distributions of the individual reflectivity and precipitation entities, and by comparing forecasts of mesocyclone occurrence in the two sets of forecasts.
In general, the 2-km forecasts provide more detailed presentations of convective activity, but there appears to be little, if any, forecast skill on the scales where the added details emerge. On the scales where both model configurations show higher levels of skill-the scale of mesoscale convective features-the numerical forecasts appear to provide comparable utility as guidance for severe weather forecasters. These results Suggest that, for the geographical, phenomenological, and temporal parameters of this study, any added value provided by decreasing the grid increment from 4 to 2 km (with commensurate adjustments to the vertical resolution) may not be worth the considerable increases in computational expense.
C1 [Kain, John S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Weiss, Steven J.; Bright, David R.; Levit, Jason J.; Carbin, Gregory W.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Baldwin, Michael E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Schwartz, Craig S.; Droegemeier, Kelvin K.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Weisman, Morris L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Droegemeier, Kelvin K.; Weber, Daniel B.; Thomas, Kevin W.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Kain, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jack.kain@noaa.gov
FU SPC; NSSL management
FX Special thanks and appreciation are extended to many people for their
creative insights and assistance with 2005 Spring Experiment
preparations/planning, programming, and data flow issues. Without the
combined efforts of many SPC and NSSL staff members, the Spring
Experiment could not be Conducted. In particular, special thanks to
Phillip Bothwell (SPC) for providing access to radar and severe storm
report verification data; Gregg Grosshans (SPC) For establishing model
data flow and configuring the experimental forecasts for transmission
and archival. and for developing and organizing model display files; and
Jay Liang (SPC) and Doug Rhue (SPC) for assistance in configuring and
upgrading hardware-software and display systems in the Science Support
Area. Linda Crank (SPC), Peggy Stogosdill (SPC), and Sandra Allen
(NSSL), ably assisted with logistical and budget support activities.; We
are grateful to Yunheng Wang and Keith Brewster of CAPS, David O'Neal of
the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, and Wei Wang of NCAR for their
exceptional efforts to run and provide Output from the high-resolution
WRF model. We are also indebted to Zavisa Janjic, Tom Black, Matt Pyle,
and Geoff DiMego of EMC for providing a separate set of WRF model
forecasts that have been critically important for other studies related
to the 2005 Spring Experiment.; We further wish to recognize the full
support of SPC and NSSL management, and the numerous contributions and
insights provided by the many participants who clearly demonstrated the
value of collaborative experiments involving the research, academic, and
forecasting communities, and whose presence and enthusiasm resulted in a
positive learning experience for everyone.; We thank Unisys Corporation
for supplying observed radar reflectivity fields and also Mark Logan of
Unisys for providing a brief description of the process used to generate
the operational radar images.; We very much appreciate the contributions
of Lou Wicker and Bob Davies-Jones of NSSL, who derived various
algorithms to detect mesocyclones in the high-resolution model output.
NR 54
TC 159
Z9 166
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 5
BP 931
EP 952
DI 10.1175/2008WAF2007106.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360NI
UT WOS:000260063800011
ER
PT J
AU O'Lenic, EA
Unger, DA
Halpert, MS
Pelman, KS
AF O'Lenic, Edward A.
Unger, David A.
Halpert, Michael S.
Pelman, Kenneth S.
TI Developments in operational long-range climate prediction at CPC (vol
23, pg 496, 2008)
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [O'Lenic, Edward A.; Unger, David A.; Halpert, Michael S.; Pelman, Kenneth S.] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP O'Lenic, EA (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 5
BP 1044
EP 1044
DI 10.1175/WAF2222190.1
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 360NI
UT WOS:000260063800019
ER
PT J
AU Teufel, JD
Regal, CA
Lehnert, KW
AF Teufel, J. D.
Regal, C. A.
Lehnert, K. W.
TI Prospects for cooling nanomechanical motion by coupling to a
superconducting microwave resonator
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CAVITY
AB Recent theoretical work has shown that radiation pressure effects can in principle cool a mechanical degree of freedom to its ground state. In this paper, we apply this theory to our realization of an optomechanical system in which the motion of mechanical oscillator modulates the resonance frequency of a superconducting microwave circuit. We present experimental data demonstrating the large mechanical quality factors possible with metallic, nanomechanical beams at 20 mK. Further measurements also show damping and cooling effects on the mechanical oscillator due to the microwave radiation field. These data motivate the prospects for employing this dynamical backaction technique to cool a mechanical mode entirely to its quantum ground state.
C1 [Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Lehnert, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Campus Box 80303-0440, Boulder, CO USA.
EM konrad.lehnert@jila.colorado.edu
RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010
OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941
FU National Science Foundation's Physics Frontier Center for Atomic,
Molecular and Optical Physics; National Institute of Standards and
Technology; Fannie and John Hertz Foundation
FX We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation's Physics
Frontier Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics and from the
National Institute of Standards and Technology; CAR acknowledges support
from the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation. We thank D R Schmidt for
taking the scanning electron micrographs in figure 2 and acknowledge N E
Flowers-Jacobs and M A Castellanos-Beltran for enlightening
conversations and technical assistance.
NR 24
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 13
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD SEP 30
PY 2008
VL 10
AR 095002
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/9/095002
PG 11
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 354CK
UT WOS:000259616300001
ER
PT J
AU Abdulagatov, IM
Aliyev, FS
Taibov, MA
Safarov, J
Shahverdiyev, AN
Hassel, EP
AF Abdulagatov, I. M.
Aliyev, F. Sh.
Taibov, M. A.
Safarov, J. T.
Shahverdiyev, A. N.
Hassel, E. P.
TI High-pressure densities and derived volumetric properties (excess and
partial molar volumes, vapor-pressures) of binary methanol plus ethanol
mixtures
SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Density; Equation of state; Ethanol; Excess molar volume; Methanol;
Partial molar volume; Saturated density; Vapor-pressure
ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; INFINITE DILUTION; 298.15
K; SYSTEMS; WATER; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURES; VISCOSITY; TERNARY
AB The densities of five (0.08564, 0.19998, 0.41971, 0.68017, and 0.84236 mol fraction of methanol) binary methanol + ethanol mixtures have been measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. Measurements were performed at temperatures from T = (298.15 to 423.15) K and at pressures up to 40 MPa. The total uncertainty of density, temperature, pressure, and concentration measurements were estimated to be less than 0.15 kg m(-3) 15 mK, 5 kPa and 10(-4), respectively. The uncertainties reported in this paper are expanded uncertainties at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2. The effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration on the density and derived volumetric properties such as excess and partial molar volumes was studied. Using the analytical extrapolating technique the vapor-pressure and saturation liquid densities of the mixture were derived. The measured densities were used to develop polynomial type equation of state for the mixture. The structural properties such as direct and total correlation function integrals and clusters size (excess coordination number) were calculated using the Krichevskii function concept and equation of state for the mixture at infinite dilution. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Aliyev, F. Sh.; Taibov, M. A.; Safarov, J. T.; Shahverdiyev, A. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
[Safarov, J. T.; Hassel, E. P.] Univ Rostock, Lehrstuhl Tech Thermodynam, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
[Aliyev, F. Sh.; Taibov, M. A.; Safarov, J. T.; Shahverdiyev, A. N.] Azerbaijan Tech Univ, Baku AZ-1073, Azerbaijan.
RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov
NR 50
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0040-6031
J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA
JI Thermochim. Acta
PD SEP 30
PY 2008
VL 476
IS 1-2
BP 51
EP 62
DI 10.1016/j.tca.2008.07.011
PG 12
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA 360UL
UT WOS:000260083300008
ER
PT J
AU Bahabad, A
Cohen, O
Murnane, MM
Kapteyn, HC
AF Bahabad, Alon
Cohen, Oren
Murnane, Margaret M.
Kapteyn, Henry C.
TI Quasi-phase-matching and dispersion characterization of harmonic
generation in the perturbative regime using counterpropagating beams
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; LIGHT; GRATINGS; LINBO3; FIELD
AB It is shown theoretically that second harmonic generation can be quasi-phase-matched by using a pump beam consisting of a forward propagating field and a counterpropagating pulse train. The counterpropagating setup can also be used for direct measurement of the coherence length of the nonlinear process which can determine the dispersion properties of the medium. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
C1 [Bahabad, Alon; Cohen, Oren; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bahabad, Alon; Cohen, Oren; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bahabad, Alon; Cohen, Oren; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
RP Bahabad, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM alonb@jila.colorado.edu
RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
FU NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology
FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the NSF Center for
Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology.
NR 27
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD SEP 29
PY 2008
VL 16
IS 20
BP 15923
EP 15931
DI 10.1364/OE.16.015923
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 360XK
UT WOS:000260091300064
PM 18825229
ER
PT J
AU Papoular, DJ
Clade, P
Polyakov, SV
McCormick, CF
Migdall, AL
Lett, PD
AF Papoular, D. J.
Clade, P.
Polyakov, S. V.
McCormick, C. F.
Migdall, A. L.
Lett, P. D.
TI Measuring optical tunneling times using a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID DELAY
AB We report a prediction for the delay measured in an optical tunneling experiment using Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, taking into account the Goos-Hanchen shift generalized to frustrated total internal reflection situations. We precisely state assumptions under which the tunneling delay measured by an HOM interferometer can be calculated. We show that, under these assumptions, the measured delay is the group delay, and that it is apparently 'superluminal' for sufficiently thick air gaps. We also show how an HOM signal with multiple minima can be obtained, and that the shape of such a signal is not appreciably affected by the presence of the optical tunneling zone, thus ruling out the explanation of the anomalously short tunneling delays in terms of a reshaping of the wavepacket as it goes through the tunneling zone. Finally, we compare the predicted tunneling delay to a relevant classical delay and conclude that our predictions involve no non-causal effect. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
C1 [Papoular, D. J.; Clade, P.; Polyakov, S. V.; McCormick, C. F.; Migdall, A. L.; Lett, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Papoular, D. J.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Phys Theor & Modeles Stat, F-91405 Orsay, France.
[Clade, P.] ENS, UPMC, Lab Kastler Brossel, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
RP Papoular, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.papoular@u-psud.fr
FU CNRS [8626]; Laboratoire Kastler Brossel is UMR [8552]
FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with W. D. Phillips and V.
Boyer. Laboratoire de Physique Theorique et Modeles Statistiques is
Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) no 8626 of CNRS. Laboratoire Kastler
Brossel is UMR no 8552 of CNRS.
NR 11
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD SEP 29
PY 2008
VL 16
IS 20
BP 16005
EP 16012
DI 10.1364/OE.16.016005
PG 8
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 360XK
UT WOS:000260091300074
PM 18825239
ER
PT J
AU Baker, ET
Haymon, RM
Resing, JA
White, SM
Walker, SL
Macdonald, KC
Nakamura, K
AF Baker, Edward T.
Haymon, Rachel M.
Resing, Joseph A.
White, Scott M.
Walker, Sharon L.
Macdonald, Ken C.
Nakamura, Ko-ichi
TI High-resolution surveys along the hot spot-affected Galapagos Spreading
Center: 1. Distribution of hydrothermal activity
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrothermal venting; mantle hot spot; Galalapagos spreading ridge
ID MID-ATLANTIC-RIDGE; OCEANIC CRUSTAL THICKNESS; AZORES TRIPLE JUNCTION;
SOUTHEAST INDIAN RIDGE; ST-PAUL PLATEAU; REYKJANES-RIDGE;
GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; MANTLE PLUME; FUCA RIDGE; HOTSPOT
AB The spatial density of hydrothermal activity along most mid-ocean ridges is a robust linear function of spreading rate (or magmatic budget), but extreme crustal properties may alter this relationship. In 2005 2006 we tested the effect of thickened crust on hydrothermal activity using high-resolution mapping of plumes overlying the hot spot-affected Galapagos Spreading Center from 95 degrees to 89 degrees 42'W (similar to 560 km of ridge crest). Plume mapping discovered only two active, high-temperature vent fields, subsequently confirmed by camera tows, though strong plume evidence indicated minor venting from at least six other locations. Total plume incidence (p(h)), the fraction of ridge crest overlain by significant plumes, was 0.11 +/- 0.014, about half that expected for a non-hot spot mid-ocean ridge with a similar magmatic budget. Plume distributions on the Galapagos Spreading Center were uncorrelated with abrupt variations in the depth of the along-axis melt lens, so these variations are apparently not controlled by hydrothermal cooling differences. We also found no statistical difference (for a significance level of 0.05) in plume incidence between where the seismically imaged melt lens is shallow (2 +/- 0.56 km, p(h) = 0.108 +/- 0.045) and where it is deep (3.4 +/- 0.7 km, p(h) = 0.121 +/- 0.015). The Galapagos Spreading Center thus joins mid-ocean ridges near the Iceland (Reykjanes Ridge), St. Paul-Amsterdam (South East Indian Ridge), and Ascension (Mid- Atlantic Ridge) hot spots as locations of anomalously scarce high-temperature venting. This scarcity implies that convective cooling along hot spot-affected ridge sections occurs primarily by undetected diffuse flow or is permanently or episodically reduced compared to normal mid-ocean ridges.
C1 [Baker, Edward T.; Resing, Joseph A.; Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Haymon, Rachel M.; Macdonald, Ken C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Haymon, Rachel M.; Macdonald, Ken C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[White, Scott M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29205 USA.
[Nakamura, Ko-ichi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM edward.baker@noaa.gov
RI White, Scott/C-5339-2009
OI White, Scott/0000-0002-5123-5307
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0324668, OCE-0326148, OCE-0326272,
OCE-0324232]; NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and VENTS Program
[NA04OAR600049]; JISAO contribution 1311 [1311]; PMEL contribution
[3189]
FX We thank the T.G. Thompson, the many students and technicians who
participated in the data collection efforts, and the government of
Ecuador for permission to work in its national waters and EEZ. This
research was jointly funded by the National Science Foundation
(OCE-0324668 to R. M. H. and K. C. M.; OCE-0326148 to S. M. W.;
OCE-0326272 to J.A.R.; OCE-0324232 to T. Shank) and by NOAA's Office of
Ocean Exploration and VENTS Program (NOAA-OE grant NA04OAR600049). This
is JISAO contribution 1311 and PMEL contribution 3189.
NR 61
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD SEP 27
PY 2008
VL 9
AR Q09003
DI 10.1029/2008GC002028
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 353YL
UT WOS:000259606000001
ER
PT J
AU White, SM
Meyer, JD
Haymon, RM
Macdonald, KC
Baker, ET
Resing, JA
AF White, Scott M.
Meyer, Jason D.
Haymon, Rachel M.
Macdonald, Ken C.
Baker, Edward T.
Resing, Joseph A.
TI High-resolution surveys along the hot spot-affected Galapagos Spreading
Center: 2. Influence of magma supply on volcanic morphology
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE lava morphology; mid-ocean ridges; mantle plumes; ridge segmentation
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; CURRENT PLATE
MOTIONS; LAVA-FLOW MORPHOLOGY; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; AXIAL VOLCANO;
HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; SONAR IMAGERY
AB The Galapagos Spreading Center (GSC) at 89 degrees-95 degrees W exhibits large gradients in magma supply at a relatively constant intermediate spreading rate, making this area an ideal natural laboratory to study the effects of magma supply on volcanism at seafloor spreading ridges. Prior work shows that the GSC develops from axial valley to shallow axial rise and a shallow magma sill, much like a typical fast spreading ridge, as the contribution of the hot spot increases. The volcanic morphology varies with magma supply in a predictable manner that we divide into three terrains based on the characteristic style of volcanic emplacement and edifice construction within each terrain. The volcanic cone terrain comprises most of the GSC and is characterized by prominent volcanic cones within a >1 km wide and >100 m deep axial graben. Approaching the area of maximum mantle plume influence at 91 degrees W, the GSC axis lies along an elevated axial rise split by a < 1 km wide and < 100 m deep axial graben, and the style of volcanism shifts to axial volcanic ridge terrain characterized by axis-elongate, low-relief ridges of pillow lava. The lava channel terrain comprises only one segment on either side of the maximum magma supply at 91 degrees W, where sheet lava flows and lava channels are relatively widespread. A general lengthening of seafloor fissures with increasing magma supply suggests a greater tendency toward linear source eruptions, in agreement with the volcanic observations. These results suggest that magma supply rather than magma chamber depth or rate of tectonic extension is the primary influence on lava morphology, hence eruptive processes, at seafloor spreading ridges in general. In both the axial volcanic ridge and lava channel terrains, a single prominent volcanic cone exists within each volcanic segment, suggesting a segment-centered magma focusing.
C1 [White, Scott M.; Meyer, Jason D.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Haymon, Rachel M.; Macdonald, Ken C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Haymon, Rachel M.; Macdonald, Ken C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP White, SM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
EM swhite@geol.sc.edu
RI White, Scott/C-5339-2009
OI White, Scott/0000-0002-5123-5307
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0326148, OCE-0324668, OCE-0326272];
NOAA Ocean Exploration [NA04OAR60049]
FX We would like to thank the scientific party on the "GalAPAGoS''
Expedition, Capt. Smith, the crew of the R/V Thomas G. Thompson, the
WHOI Deep Submergence Group, and the Hawaii Mapping Research Group for
their assistance in collecting these data. We thank D. Geist, J.Sinton,
and K. Rubin for helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank the
government of Ecuador for permission to work in their national waters
and EEZ. Support for this project was provided jointly by National
Science Foundation (OCE-0326148 to SMW, OCE-0324668 to RMH and KCM,
OCE-0326272 to JAR) and NOAA Ocean Exploration (NA04OAR60049).
NR 65
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD SEP 27
PY 2008
VL 9
AR Q09004
DI 10.1029/2008GC002036
PG 29
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 353YL
UT WOS:000259606000002
ER
PT J
AU Hilting, AK
Kump, LR
Bralower, TJ
AF Hilting, Anna K.
Kump, Lee R.
Bralower, Timothy J.
TI Variations in the oceanic vertical carbon isotope gradient and their
implications for the Paleocene-Eocene biological pump
SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY;
GLOBAL CARBON; CLIMATE; OXYGEN; PHOTOSYMBIOSIS; PALEOECOLOGY;
ASSEMBLAGES; CURVES
AB Variations in the efficiency of the biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean have been invoked to explain changes in atmospheric pCO(2) and thus climate on a variety of timescales. We compiled published Paleocene and Eocene foraminiferal carbon isotope data and adjusted them to a uniform timescale to investigate changes in the biological pump in the early Cenozoic. Eight basinal time series were binned into 0.01 Ma increments and five water column depth horizons. The carbon isotope data reveal remarkably coherent trends in surface, thermocline, and deep water carbon isotope values through the Paleocene and Eocene. These data were used to drive a three-box ocean carbon isotope model to estimate long-term relationships among changes in atmospheric pCO(2), organic and inorganic carbon burial, and biological pumping. Our model results provide evidence for two different modes of organic carbon cycling. During the Paleocene and earliest Eocene, atmospheric pCO(2) drawdown was driven externally by terrestrial organic carbon burial. After the earliest Eocene, variations in atmospheric pCO(2) resulting from imbalances in organic carbon cycling appear to have been driven by variations in the biological pump. A temporary decline in biological pump efficiency at similar to 50 Ma may have led to increased atmospheric pCO(2), increased weathering and nutrient delivery to the oceans, and enhanced organic carbon burial. Thus, a biological-pump-driven increase in atmospheric pCO(2) created a counterintuitive inverse relationship between organic carbon burial and atmospheric pCO(2), with no indication of the burial event in the surface water carbon isotope record.
C1 [Hilting, Anna K.; Kump, Lee R.; Bralower, Timothy J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Hilting, Anna K.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA.
RP Hilting, AK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 503 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM anna.hilting@noaa.gov
RI Kump, Lee/H-8287-2012
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0120727, EAR-0628486]; NSF IGERT
FX We acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation's
Biocomplexity and Global Carbon and Water Cycle Programs (grants
EAR-0120727 and EAR-0628486 to L. R. K. and T.J.B.). A. H. acknowledges
support from the NSF IGERT program administered by Penn State's BRIE
program. David Archer, Gabe Bowen, Gerry Dickens, Ellen Thomas, and an
anonymous reviewer provided particularly helpful reviews of the
manuscript.
NR 60
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0883-8305
J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
JI Paleoceanography
PD SEP 27
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 3
AR PA3222
DI 10.1029/2007PA001458
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology
SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology
GA 353ZP
UT WOS:000259609000001
ER
PT J
AU Kort, EA
Eluszkiewicz, J
Stephens, BB
Miller, JB
Gerbig, C
Nehrkorn, T
Daube, BC
Kaplan, JO
Houweling, S
Wofsy, SC
AF Kort, Eric A.
Eluszkiewicz, Janusz
Stephens, Britton B.
Miller, John B.
Gerbig, Christoph
Nehrkorn, Thomas
Daube, Bruce C.
Kaplan, Jed O.
Houweling, Sander
Wofsy, Steven C.
TI Emissions of CH4 and N2O over the United States and Canada based on a
receptor-oriented modeling framework and COBRA-NA atmospheric
observations
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROUS-OXIDE
AB We present top-down emission constraints for two non-CO2 greenhouse gases in large areas of the U. S. and southern Canada during early summer. Collocated airborne measurements of methane and nitrous oxide acquired during the COBRA-NA campaign in May-June 2003, analyzed using a receptor-oriented Lagrangian particle dispersion model, provide robust validation of independent bottom-up emission estimates from the EDGAR and GEIA inventories. We find that the EDGAR CH4 emission rates are slightly low by a factor of 1.08 +/- 0.15 (2 sigma), while both EDGAR and GEIA N2O emissions are significantly too low, by factors of 2.62 +/- 0.50 and 3.05 +/- 0.61, respectively, for this region. Potential footprint bias may expand the statistically retrieved uncertainties. Seasonality of agricultural N2O emissions may help explain the discrepancy. Total anthropogenic U.S. and Canadian emissions would be 49 Tg CH4 and 4.3 Tg N2O annually, if these inventory scaling factors applied to all of North America.
C1 [Kort, Eric A.; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Daube, Bruce C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Eluszkiewicz, Janusz; Nehrkorn, Thomas] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
[Gerbig, Christoph] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
[Houweling, Sander] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Kaplan, Jed O.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Miller, John B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Stephens, Britton B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Houweling, Sander] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
RP Kort, EA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Geomuseum 411,24 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM kort@fas.harvard.edu
RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Stephens,
Britton/B-7962-2008; Kaplan, Jed/P-1796-2015;
OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603;
Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613;
Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468
FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program; Department of Defense; NASA Large
Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia [NASA NCC5-590]; NASA
[NAG5-11430]; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; National
Science Foundation
FX Work at AER has been supported by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program.
E. A. K. acknowledges financial support from the Department of Defense
through the NDSEG fellowship program. COBRA-2003 was funded by the NASA
Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (NASA NCC5-590),
by NASA support to J.B.M. and B.B.S. (NAG5-11430), and through the NOAA
Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. We also thank Ed Dlugokencky
and Patricia Lang for analysis and quality control of all CH4
and N2O data. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
NR 21
TC 69
Z9 69
U1 1
U2 26
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 26
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 18
AR L18808
DI 10.1029/2008GL034031
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 353YP
UT WOS:000259606400001
ER
PT J
AU Stoltzfus, A
AF Stoltzfus, Arlin
TI Evidence for a predominant role of oxidative damage in germline mutation
in mammals
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE mutation; free radicals; oxidative damage; DNA repair; population
genetics
ID NUCLEOSOME CORE; DNA; SUBSTITUTION; NUCLEOTIDE; RESOLUTION; ORIGINS;
DISEASE
AB Spontaneous copying errors in replication often are assumed to be the main source of germline mutations in humans and other mammals. However, when laboratory data on context-dependent patterns of oxidative DNA damage are compared with patterns of mutation inferred from mammalian sequence evolution, the strength of the correlation suggests that damage is the main source of mutations. Analysis of damage susceptibility holds promise for improving models of mutational specificity. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM arlin.stoltzfus@nist.gov
RI Stoltzfus, Arlin/D-8551-2011
OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357
NR 13
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0027-5107
J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M
JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen.
PD SEP 26
PY 2008
VL 644
IS 1-2
BP 71
EP 73
DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.05.003
PG 3
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 351KD
UT WOS:000259422300011
PM 18597793
ER
PT J
AU Lashley, JC
Shapiro, SM
Winn, BL
Opeil, CP
Manley, ME
Alatas, A
Ratcliff, W
Park, T
Fisher, RA
Mihaila, B
Riseborough, P
Salje, EKH
Smith, JL
AF Lashley, J. C.
Shapiro, S. M.
Winn, B. L.
Opeil, C. P.
Manley, M. E.
Alatas, A.
Ratcliff, W.
Park, T.
Fisher, R. A.
Mihaila, B.
Riseborough, P.
Salje, E. K. H.
Smith, J. L.
TI Observation of a continuous phase transition in a shape-memory alloy
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MEV ENERGY RESOLUTION; ORDER PARAMETERS; LANDAU THEORY; AUZN ALLOYS;
TRANSFORMATION; DEPENDENCE; SATURATION
AB Elastic neutron-scattering, inelastic x-ray scattering, specific-heat, and pressure-dependent electrical transport measurements have been made on single crystals of AuZn and Au(0.52)Zn(0.48). Elastic neutron scattering detects new commensurate Bragg peaks (modulation) appearing at Q = (1.33, 0.67, 0) at temperatures corresponding to each sample's transition temperature (T(M) = 64 and 45 K, respectively). Although the new Bragg peaks appear in a discontinuous manner in the Au(0.52)Zn(0.48) sample, they appear in a continuous manner in AuZn. Surprising us, the temperature dependence of the AuZn Bragg peak intensity and the specific-heat jump near T(M) are in favorable accord with a continuous transition. A fit to the pressure dependence of T(M) suggests the presence of a critical end point in the AuZn phase diagram located at T(M)* = 2.7 K and p* = 3.1 GPa.
C1 [Lashley, J. C.; Park, T.; Fisher, R. A.; Mihaila, B.; Smith, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Shapiro, S. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Winn, B. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Opeil, C. P.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA.
[Manley, M. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Alatas, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ratcliff, W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Park, T.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea.
[Riseborough, P.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
[Salje, E. K. H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England.
RP Lashley, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RI Riseborough, Peter/D-4689-2011; Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012; Mihaila,
Bogdan/D-8795-2013; Salje, Ekhard/M-2931-2013; Manley,
Michael/N-4334-2015; Winn, Barry/A-5065-2016
OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814; Salje, Ekhard/0000-0002-8781-6154;
Winn, Barry/0000-0001-6383-4318
FU Trustees of Boston College; Office of Science; United States Department
of Energy [DE-ACO2-98CH10886]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC0206CH11357]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the United States
Department of Energy and Department of Commerce and supported in part by
the Trustees of Boston College. Work at Brookhaven is supported by the
Office of Science, United States Department of Energy, under Contract
No. DE-ACO2-98CH10886. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was
supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357.
NR 32
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 26
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 13
AR 135703
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.135703
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 355AI
UT WOS:000259680600042
PM 18851463
ER
PT J
AU Papp, SB
Pino, JM
Wild, RJ
Ronen, S
Wieman, CE
Jin, DS
Cornell, EA
AF Papp, S. B.
Pino, J. M.
Wild, R. J.
Ronen, S.
Wieman, C. E.
Jin, D. S.
Cornell, E. A.
TI Bragg spectroscopy of a strongly interacting Rb-85 Bose-Einstein
condensate
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FESHBACH RESONANCE; HARD SPHERES; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; GASES; ATOMS
AB We report on measurements of the excitation spectrum of a strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate. A magnetic-field Feshbach resonance is used to tune atom-atom interactions in the condensate and to reach a regime where quantum depletion and beyond mean-field corrections to the condensate chemical potential are significant. We use two-photon Bragg spectroscopy to probe the condensate excitation spectrum; our results demonstrate the onset of beyond mean-field effects in a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate.
C1 [Papp, S. B.; Pino, J. M.; Wild, R. J.; Ronen, S.; Wieman, C. E.; Jin, D. S.; Cornell, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Papp, S. B.; Pino, J. M.; Wild, R. J.; Ronen, S.; Wieman, C. E.; Jin, D. S.; Cornell, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wieman, C. E.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
RP Papp, SB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM cornell@jila.colorado.edu
RI Ronen, Shai/B-7940-2008; Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013
OI Ronen, Shai/0000-0002-2239-2397; Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172
FU NSF; ONR
FX We gratefully acknowledge useful conversations with J. Bohn, M. Holland,
R. Ballagh, S. Stringari, and the JILA ultracold atom collaboration.
This work is supported by the NSF and ONR.
NR 30
TC 114
Z9 116
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 26
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 13
AR 135301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.135301
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 355AI
UT WOS:000259680600036
PM 18851457
ER
PT J
AU Somma, RD
Boixo, S
Barnum, H
Knill, E
AF Somma, R. D.
Boixo, S.
Barnum, H.
Knill, E.
TI Quantum simulations of classical annealing processes
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ISING SPIN-GLASS; MODEL
AB We describe a quantum algorithm that solves combinatorial optimization problems by quantum simulation of a classical simulated annealing process. Our algorithm exploits quantum walks and the quantum Zeno effect induced by evolution randomization. It requires order 1/root delta steps to find an optimal solution with bounded error probability, where delta is the minimum spectral gap of the stochastic matrices used in the classical annealing process. This is a quadratic improvement over the order 1/delta steps required by the latter.
C1 [Somma, R. D.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada.
[Boixo, S.; Barnum, H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Informat Sci 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Boixo, S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Knill, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Somma, RD (reprint author), Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada.
EM rsomma@perimeterinstitute.ca
FU Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics; Government of Canada;
Province of Ontario; NNSA of the US DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NSF
[PHY-0653596]
FX We thank S. Jordan for discussions, and B. Eastin and D. Hume for their
careful reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, by the Government of Canada
through Industry Canada, and by the Province of Ontario through the
Ministry of Research and Innovation. It was also carried out under the
auspices of the NNSA of the US DOE at LANL under Contract No.
DE-AC52-06NA25396, and with support from NSF Grant No. PHY-0653596.
Contributions to this work by NIST, an agency of the US government, are
not subject to copyright laws.
NR 23
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 26
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 13
AR 130504
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.130504
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 355AI
UT WOS:000259680600008
PM 18851429
ER
PT J
AU Wu, W
Kiryukhin, V
Noh, HJ
Ko, KT
Park, JH
Ratcliff, W
Sharma, PA
Harrison, N
Choi, YJ
Horibe, Y
Lee, S
Park, S
Yi, HT
Zhang, CL
Cheong, SW
AF Wu, Weida
Kiryukhin, V.
Noh, H. -J.
Ko, K. -T.
Park, J. -H.
Ratcliff, W., II
Sharma, P. A.
Harrison, N.
Choi, Y. J.
Horibe, Y.
Lee, S.
Park, S.
Yi, H. T.
Zhang, C. L.
Cheong, S. -W.
TI Formation of pancakelike ising domains and giant magnetic coercivity in
ferrimagnetic LuFe(2)O(4)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPIN CORRELATION; FERROELECTRICITY
AB We have studied quasi-two-dimensional multiferroic LuFe(2)O(4) with strong charge-spin-lattice coupling, in which low-temperature coercivity approaches an extraordinary value of 9 T in single crystals. The enhancement of the coercivity is connected to the collective freezing of nanoscale pancakelike ferrimagnetic domains with large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy ("Ising pancakes''). Our results suggest that collective freezing in low-dimensional magnets with large uniaxial anisotropy provides an effective mechanism to achieve enhanced coercivity. This observation may help identify novel approaches for synthesis of magnets with enhanced properties.
C1 [Wu, Weida; Kiryukhin, V.; Choi, Y. J.; Horibe, Y.; Lee, S.; Park, S.; Yi, H. T.; Zhang, C. L.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Wu, Weida; Kiryukhin, V.; Choi, Y. J.; Horibe, Y.; Lee, S.; Park, S.; Yi, H. T.; Zhang, C. L.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Noh, H. -J.; Ko, K. -T.; Park, J. -H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
[Noh, H. -J.; Ko, K. -T.; Park, J. -H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Elect Spin Sci Ctr, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
[Ratcliff, W., II] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sharma, P. A.; Harrison, N.] NHMFL LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
[Noh, H. -J.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea.
RP Wu, W (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM wdwu@physics.rutgers.edu
RI Wu, Weida/F-2092-2011; Sharma, Peter/G-1917-2011; Yi, Hee
Taek/F-6399-2010;
OI Wu, Weida/0000-0003-1691-6091; Sharma, Peter/0000-0002-3071-7382; Ko,
Kyung-Tae/0000-0003-3649-4594; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756
FU NSF [DMR-0520471, DMR-0704487]; KOSEF [R01-2007-000-11188-0]; NSF; DOE
FX We are grateful to K. Ahn for valuable discussions. Work at Rutgers was
supported by the NSF under Grants No. DMR-0520471 and No. DMR-0704487.
Work at POSTECH was supported by KOSEF funded by MOST under Grant No.
R01-2007-000-11188-0 and eSSC at POSTECH, and POSTECH research fund.
Work at the NHMFL was supported by NSF, DOE, and the State of Florida.
NR 24
TC 68
Z9 69
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 26
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 13
AR 137203
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.137203
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 355AI
UT WOS:000259680600067
PM 18851488
ER
PT J
AU Wang, WB
Lei, JH
Burns, AG
Wiltberger, M
Richmond, AD
Solomon, SC
Killeen, TL
Talaat, ER
Anderson, DN
AF Wang, Wenbin
Lei, Jiuhou
Burns, Alan G.
Wiltberger, Michael
Richmond, Arthur D.
Solomon, Stanley C.
Killeen, Timothy L.
Talaat, Elsayed R.
Anderson, David N.
TI Ionospheric electric field variations during a geomagnetic storm
simulated by a coupled magnetosphere ionosphere thermosphere (CMIT)
model
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATORIAL F-REGION; DRIFT VELOCITIES; LFM
AB A coupled magnetosphere ionosphere thermosphere (CMIT 2.0) model has been developed. It is capable of self-consistently calculating global ionospheric electric fields that include the imposed magnetospheric convection field, neutral wind dynamo and penetration electric fields. The CMIT 2.0 simulated ionospheric F(2) region ion vertical drift velocities at the magnetic equator were compared with those measured by ground-based instruments during the April 2 5, 2004, storm. CMIT 2.0 captured the temporal variations seen in the measurements during both the quiet and active periods. These temporal variations corresponded mainly to the variations in the high latitude electric fields driven by changes in solar wind conditions. CMIT 2.0, however, overestimated the magnitudes of the variations of the vertical drifts. In addition, CMIT 2.0 simulated the observed pre-reversal enhancement well. This enhancement was driven mostly by the neutral wind dynamo.
C1 [Wang, Wenbin; Lei, Jiuhou; Burns, Alan G.; Wiltberger, Michael; Richmond, Arthur D.; Solomon, Stanley C.; Killeen, Timothy L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Wang, Wenbin] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Talaat, Elsayed R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Anderson, David N.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Wang, WB (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM wbwang@ucar.edu
RI Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008; Lei, Jiuhou/A-3015-2012; Solomon,
Stanley/J-4847-2012; Wang, Wenbin/G-2596-2013; Burns, Alan/L-1547-2013;
OI Wiltberger, Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148; Lei,
Jiuhou/0000-0002-4374-5083; Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Wang,
Wenbin/0000-0002-6287-4542; Richmond, Arthur/0000-0002-6708-1023
FU Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM); National Science
Foundation [ATM-0120950]; NASA [NNX06AC40G]; National Natural Science
Foundation of China [40621003]; National Science Foundation Cooperative
Agreements
FX This material is supported in part by the Center for Integrated Space
Weather Modeling (CISM), which is funded by the STC Program of the
National Science Foundation under agreement ATM-0120950, NASA grant
NNX06AC40G and National Natural Science Foundation of China grant
40621003. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto
Geofisico del Peru and is operated with support from National Science
Foundation Cooperative Agreements through Cornell University.
NR 16
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 25
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 18
AR L18105
DI 10.1029/2008GL035155
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 353YO
UT WOS:000259606300006
ER
PT J
AU Rajakumar, B
Gierczak, T
Flad, JF
Ravishankara, AR
Burkholder, JB
AF Rajakumar, B.
Gierczak, Tomasz
Flad, Jonathan F.
Ravishankara, A. R.
Burkholder, James B.
TI The CH3CO quantum yield in the 248 nm photolysis of acetone, methyl
ethyl ketone, and biacetyl
SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE acetyl radical; acetone; photolysis; quantum yield
ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; TROPOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; CAVITY RING;
PHOTODISSOCIATION; WAVELENGTH; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; SPECTRUM; AIR;
PHOTOCHEMISTRY
AB We report measurements of the CH3CO quantum yield, phi(CH3CO), following the 248 nm pulsed laser photolysis of acetone (CH3C(O)CH3), methyl ethyl ketone (CH3C(O)CH2CH3), and biacetyl (CH3C(O)C(O)CH3). CH3CO quanturn yields at 248 nm were measured at 296 K, relative to CH3CO reference systems. CH3CO was detected using cavity ring-down spectroscopy at wavelengths between 490 and 660 nm. Measurements were performed between 60 and 670Torr (He, N-2 bath gases) and the obtained CH3CO quantum yields in the low-pressure limit, phi(0)(CH3CO),were 0.535 +/- 0.09, 0.41 +/- 0.08, and 0.76 +/- 0.11, for acetone, methyl c ethyl ketone,and biacetyl, respectively. The quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma (95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. An increase in phi(CH3CO) with increasing bath gas pressure, which depended on the identity of the collision partner (He, N-2) was observed. The present results are compared with previous quantum yield determinations. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Rajakumar, B.; Gierczak, Tomasz; Flad, Jonathan F.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Burkholder, James B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Rajakumar, B.; Gierczak, Tomasz; Flad, Jonathan F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Gierczak, Tomasz] Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland.
[Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM james.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov
RI B, Rajakumar/H-3479-2011; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara,
Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NOAA's Climate Change program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program
FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Change program and
NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program.
NR 31
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 1010-6030
J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A
JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem.
PD SEP 25
PY 2008
VL 199
IS 2-3
BP 336
EP 344
DI 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.06.015
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 357GJ
UT WOS:000259834000031
ER
PT J
AU Hawa, T
Zachariah, MR
AF Hawa, T.
Zachariah, M. R.
TI Understanding the effect of hydrogen surface passivation and etching on
the shape of silicon nanocrystals
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PLASMA SYNTHESIS; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR
NANOCRYSTALS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; MEMORY DEVICES; POROUS SILICON;
NANOPARTICLES; CLUSTERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
AB One of the significant challenges in the use of nanocrystals, is the control of crystal shape when grown from the gas-phase. Recently, the Kortshagen group has succeeded in generating cubic Si nanocrystals in a nonequilibrium plasma. In this paper we consider the energetics of various shaped Si nanocrystals, and the role that hydrogen surface termination plays. We consider cube, truncated octahedron, icosahedron, and spherical shapes for both bare and hydrogen coated silicon nanocrystals for sizes between 2 and 10 nm. From our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, show that for bare Si crystals, icosahedron crystals are the most energetically stable, and cubic the least. On the other hand, when hydrogenated, the cubic structure comes about because 1) the cubic structure is energetically favored when hydrogen terminated and 2) the plasma that operates with hydrogen also provides a steady source of hydrogen atoms for etching.
C1 [Zachariah, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mrz@umd.edu
FU NSF [CTS-0083062]; Army High Performance Computing Research Center DAAD
[19-01-2-0014]; Minnesota Super-Computer Center
FX The authors thank Prof. Uwe Kortshagen for the very insightful and
fruitful discussions. This work is supported by NSF Grant No.
CTS-0083062, the Army High Performance Computing Research Center DAAD
19-01-2-0014 and the Minnesota Super-Computer Center.
NR 54
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD SEP 25
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 38
BP 14796
EP 14800
DI 10.1021/jp800780s
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 350HD
UT WOS:000259342400017
ER
PT J
AU Codrescu, MV
Fuller-Rowell, TJ
Munteanu, V
Minter, CF
Millward, GH
AF Codrescu, M. V.
Fuller-Rowell, T. J.
Munteanu, Vlad
Minter, C. F.
Millward, G. H.
TI Validation of the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere
Electrodynamics model: CTIPE-Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter
temperature comparison
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRIC-FIELD VARIABILITY; MIGRATING SOLAR TIDES; DRIFT; WINDS
AB New requirements for specification and forecast of the space environment and the availability of unprecedented amounts of real-time data are now driving the development of data assimilation schemes for the thermosphere and ionosphere. Such schemes require accurate knowledge of any biases affecting the models. Finding the biases is not trivial and requires significant effort. Here we present a first step in the validation of a coupled thermosphere ionosphere general circulation model in preparation for its inclusion in a data assimilation scheme. We present a comparison between the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (MSIS) radar empirical model neutral temperatures and the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPE) neutral temperature predictions for three solar cycle conditions (F10.7 = 70, 125, and 200), three geomagnetic activity conditions (Kp = 1, 3, and 7), and three seasons ( equinox, summer, and winter). The CTIPE model was run for each case with constant inputs until a diurnally reproducible ("steady state'') global temperature pattern was obtained. MSIS predictions were generated for "perpetually constant'' equivalent conditions. The temperature comparisons are performed on a 300 km altitude shell. We present global temperature averages, area-weighted root mean square differences, and zonally averaged temperature comparisons. CTIPE temperatures at 300 km altitude are lower than MSIS if Joule heating calculations do not include small-scale E field variability. This is the first global assessment of a general circulation model for the thermosphere over such a wide range of geomagnetic and solar conditions.
C1 [Codrescu, M. V.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Munteanu, Vlad; Minter, C. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Millward, G. H.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Munteanu, Vlad; Minter, C. F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Millward, G. H.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Atmospher Phys Lab, London, England.
RP Codrescu, MV (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM mihail.codrescu@noaa.gov
FU University of Colorado [ATM-0318563]
FX The research presented here was supported in part by NSF grant
ATM-0318563 to the University of Colorado.
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD SEP 25
PY 2008
VL 6
IS 9
AR S09005
DI 10.1029/2007SW000364
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA 353ZR
UT WOS:000259609200001
ER
PT J
AU Doe, CW
Choi, SM
Kline, SR
Jang, HS
Kim, TH
AF Doe, Changwoo
Choi, Sung-Min
Kline, Steven R.
Jang, Hyling-Sik
Kim, Tae-Hwan
TI Charged Rod-Like Nanoparticles Assisting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube
Dispersion in Water
SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ALIGNED ARRAYS; POLYMERIZATION;
SOLUBILIZATION; MICELLES; POLYMERS; SUSPENSIONS
AB A new dispersant for stabilization of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water that simultaneously utilizes three different dispersion or stabilization mechanisms: surfactant adsorption, polymeric wrapping, and Coulomb repulsive interaction, has been demonstrated. The new dispersant, a charged rod-like nanoparticle (cROD), is a cylindrical micelle wrapped by negatively charged polymers which is fabricated by the aqueous free radical polymerization of a polymerizable cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium 4-vinylbenzoate (CTVB), in the presence of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (NaSS). The surface charge density of the cRODs is controlled by varying the concentration of NaSS. Dispersions of SWNTs are obtained by sonicating a mixture of SWNTs and cROD in water, followed by ultra-centrifugation and decanting. While the cRODs with neutral or low surface change densities (0 and 5 mol % NaSS) result in very low dispersion power and poor stability, the cRODs with high surface charge densities (15, 25, and 40 mol % NaSS) produce excellent dispersions with SWNT concentration as high as 437 mg L-1 and long term stability. The sharp van Hove transition peaks of the cROD assisted SWNT dispersions indicate the presence of individually isolated SWNTs. Atomic force microscopy and small angle neutron scattering analysis show that the dominant encapsulation structure of the cROD assisted SWNTs is surfactant assisted polymeric wrapping. SWNTs dispersed by the cRODs can-be fully dried and easily re-dispersed in water, providing enhanced processibility of SWNTs.
C1 [Doe, Changwoo; Choi, Sung-Min; Jang, Hyling-Sik; Kim, Tae-Hwan] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
[Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Doe, CW (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
EM sungmin@kaist.ac.kr
RI Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011
OI Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417
FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea
[R-01-2008-000-10219-0]; CNRF; National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442]
FX This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and
Technology of Korea through the Basic Atomic Energy Research Institute
(BAERI) program, the basic science research program
(R-01-2008-000-10219-0) and the CNRF project. This work utilized
facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation
(DMR-9986442). The mention of commercial products does not imply
endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment
identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or
from the authors.
NR 41
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 5
U2 16
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1616-301X
J9 ADV FUNCT MATER
JI Adv. Funct. Mater.
PD SEP 23
PY 2008
VL 18
IS 18
BP 2685
EP 2691
DI 10.1002/adfm.200800321
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 358QQ
UT WOS:000259933000005
ER
PT J
AU Lucas, LA
DeLongchamp, DM
Richter, LJ
Kline, RJ
Fischer, DA
Kaafarani, BR
Jabbour, GE
AF Lucas, Leah A.
DeLongchamp, Dean M.
Richter, Lee J.
Kline, R. Joseph
Fischer, Daniel A.
Kaafarani, Bilal R.
Jabbour, Ghassan E.
TI Thin film microstructure of a solution processable pyrene-based organic
semiconductor
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISCOTIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; CHAIN;
PENTACENE; MOLECULES; ORDER
AB Semiconducting 6,7,15,16-tetrakis(dodecylthio)quinoxalino[2',3':9,10]phenanthro[4,5-abc]phenazine (TQPP-12) has been synthesized as a candidate solution-processable semiconductor for organic electronics applications. We characterize the microstructure of TQPP-12 in films using a combination of polarized photon absorption spectroscopies (X-ray, vis, and infrared), X-ray diffraction, and scanning probe techniques. This characterization strategy allowed for the determination of molecular orientation and packing style within thin films of this complex molecule. The TQPP-12 molecules are arranged within layers, and the aromatic cores are separated from the alkane side chains. Both the core long axes and side chains are highly tilted with respect to surface normal, and the conjugated planes of the core are cofacially packed.
C1 [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Richter, Lee J.; Kline, R. Joseph; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lucas, Leah A.; Jabbour, Ghassan E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA.
[Lucas, Leah A.; Jabbour, Ghassan E.] Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA.
[Kaafarani, Bilal R.] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Chem, Beirut, Lebanon.
RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; bilal.kaafarani@aub.edu.lb; jabbour@asu.edu
RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016
OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724
FU University Research Board (URB); Lebanese National Council for
Scientific research (LNCSR)
FX L.A.L. thanks the Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs Graduate Research Fellowship
and mentor Alice White. The work at the American University of Beirut
(AUB) was supported by the University Research Board (URB) and the
Lebanese National Council for Scientific research (LNCSR). B.R.K. thanks
AUB for a faculty development fund.
NR 27
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
EI 1520-5002
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD SEP 23
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 18
BP 5743
EP 5749
DI 10.1021/cm702802w
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 349IR
UT WOS:000259275000005
ER
PT J
AU Parrington, M
Jones, DBA
Bowman, KW
Horowitz, LW
Thompson, AM
Tarasick, DW
Witte, JC
AF Parrington, M.
Jones, D. B. A.
Bowman, K. W.
Horowitz, L. W.
Thompson, A. M.
Tarasick, D. W.
Witte, J. C.
TI Estimating the summertime tropospheric ozone distribution over North
America through assimilation of observations from the Tropospheric
Emission Spectrometer
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TES NADIR RETRIEVALS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE;
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; TRANSPORT MODELS; KALMAN FILTER; 3-D MODELS;
CHEMISTRY; VARIABILITY; CONSTRAINTS
AB We assimilate ozone and CO retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) for July and August 2006 into the GEOS-Chem and AM2-Chem models. We show that the spatiotemporal sampling of the TES measurements is sufficient to constrain the tropospheric ozone distribution in the models despite their different chemical and transport mechanisms. Assimilation of TES data reduces the mean differences in ozone between the models from almost 8 ppbv to 1.5 ppbv. Differences between the mean model profiles and ozonesonde data over North America are reduced from almost 30% to within 5% for GEOS-Chem, and from 40% to within 10% for AM2-Chem, below 200 hPa. The absolute biases are larger in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS), increasing to 10% and 30% in GEOS-Chem and AM2-Chem, respectively, at 200 hPa. The larger bias in the UT/LS reflects the influence of the spatial sampling of TES, the vertical smoothing of the TES retrievals, and the coarse vertical resolution of the models. The largest discrepancy in ozone between the models is associated with the ozone maximum over the southeastern USA. The assimilation reduces the mean bias between the models from 26 to 16 ppbv in this region. In GEOS-Chem, there is an increase of about 11 ppbv in the upper troposphere, consistent with the increase in ozone obtained by a previous study using GEOS-Chem with an improved estimate of lightning NOx emissions over the USA. Our results show that assimilation of TES observations into models of tropospheric chemistry and transport provides an improved description of free tropospheric ozone.
C1 [Parrington, M.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Horowitz, L. W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Meteorol Serv Ctr, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Witte, J. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Witte, J. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Parrington, M (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
EM mark.parrington@utoronto.ca
RI Parrington, Mark/E-7148-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Jones,
Dylan/O-2475-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014;
OI Parrington, Mark/0000-0003-4313-6218; Horowitz,
Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Thompson,
Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692
FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS);
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
FX This work was supported by funding from the Canadian Foundation for
Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) and the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council (NSERC). The GEOS-Chem model is maintained
at Harvard University with support from the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry
Modeling and Analysis Program.
NR 59
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 23
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D18
AR D18307
DI 10.1029/2007JD009341
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 353YS
UT WOS:000259606700002
ER
PT J
AU Kashiwagi, T
Mu, MF
Winey, K
Cipriano, B
Raghavan, SR
Pack, S
Rafailovich, M
Yang, Y
Grulke, E
Shields, J
Harris, R
Douglas, J
AF Kashiwagi, Takashi
Mu, Minfang
Winey, Karen
Cipriano, Bani
Raghavan, S. R.
Pack, Seongchan
Rafailovich, Miriam
Yang, Yin
Grulke, Eric
Shields, John
Harris, Richard
Douglas, Jack
TI Relation between the viscoelastic and flammability properties of polymer
nanocomposites
SO POLYMER
LA English
DT Article
DE nanocomposites; rheology; flammability
ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NANOTUBE
NANOCOMPOSITES; CARBON NANOTUBES; RHEOLOGY; POLYPROPYLENE; COMPOSITES;
NETWORKS; MODEL; HEAT
AB Previous work has shown that the formation of a network structure of nanoparticles within a polymer matrix can significantly reduce nanocomposite flammability and that viscoelastic properties could be utilized to predict their flammability reduction. The present work extends this type of investigation to the study of clay and carbon nanotube nanocomposites. In particular, we study PS/clay, PS/MWNT, PIVIMA/clay, and PMMA/SWNT nanocomposites. At a clay level of about 10% by mass, the network structure is formed for the PS and the PMMA clay nanocomposites; it requires a level of about 0.5% with the SWNT and 2% with the MWNT. These samples showed significantly reduced mass loss rates of PS and PIVIMA. However, the solid residues collected from radiative gasification tests of PS/clay and PMMA/clay showed many small cracks, despite the network formation within the initial sample. This is in contrast to the smooth, continuous residues (no cracks or openings) for PS/MWNT and PMMA/SWNT nanocomposites. The cracks in the clay samples are probably formed due to weaker network at elevated temperatures due to weaker bridging interaction between clay platelets as compared to, stronger network resulting from dense entanglement and bridging of carbon nanotubes. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kashiwagi, Takashi; Shields, John; Harris, Richard] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mu, Minfang; Winey, Karen] Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Cipriano, Bani; Raghavan, S. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Pack, Seongchan; Rafailovich, Miriam] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Yang, Yin; Grulke, Eric] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
[Douglas, Jack] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kashiwagi, T (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM takashi.kashiwagi@nist.gov
RI Cipriano, Bani/G-9239-2011
FU FAA Technical Center [02-G-022]
FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Thomas Ohlemiller at NIST for
valuable discussion on flammability mechanisms of the nanocomposites.
T.K. gratefully acknowledges funding from the FAA Technical Center under
Grant 02-G-022.
NR 32
TC 88
Z9 92
U1 4
U2 33
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0032-3861
J9 POLYMER
JI Polymer
PD SEP 23
PY 2008
VL 49
IS 20
BP 4358
EP 4368
DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07054
PG 11
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 355NH
UT WOS:000259715100006
ER
PT J
AU Horansky, RD
Ullom, JN
Beall, JA
Hilton, GC
Irwin, KD
Dry, DE
Hastings, EP
Lamont, SP
Rudy, CR
Rabin, MW
AF Horansky, Robert D.
Ullom, Joel N.
Beall, James A.
Hilton, Gene C.
Irwin, Kent D.
Dry, Donald E.
Hastings, Elizabeth P.
Lamont, Stephen P.
Rudy, Clifford R.
Rabin, Michael W.
TI Superconducting calorimetric alpha particle sensors for nuclear
nonproliferation applications
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; ENERGY RESOLUTION; SPECTROMETRY; DETECTORS;
SPECTRA
AB Identification of trace nuclear materials is usually accomplished by alpha spectrometry. Current detectors cannot distinguish critical elements and isotopes. We have developed a detector called a microcalorimeter, which achieves a resolution of 1.06 keV for 5.3 MeV alphas, the highest resolving power of any energy dispersive measurement. With this exquisite resolution, we can unambiguously identify the (240)Pu/(239)Pu ratio in Pu, a critical measurement for ascertaining the intended use of nuclear material. Furthermore, we have made a direct measurement of the (209)Po ground state decay. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
C1 [Horansky, Robert D.; Ullom, Joel N.; Beall, James A.; Hilton, Gene C.; Irwin, Kent D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Dry, Donald E.; Hastings, Elizabeth P.; Lamont, Stephen P.; Rudy, Clifford R.; Rabin, Michael W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Horansky, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS 817-03, Boulder, CO USA.
EM horansky@nist.gov
FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Nonproliferation Research and
Development; LANL/LDRD Program; Intelligence Community Postdoctoral
Fellowship program
FX We acknowledge valuable technical discussions with Harvey Moseley. We
gratefully acknowledge the support of the U. S. Department of Energy
through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development and the
LANL/LDRD Program for this work. R. D. H. thanks the Intelligence
Community Postdoctoral Fellowship program.
NR 19
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 22
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 12
AR 123504
DI 10.1063/1.2978204
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 356SY
UT WOS:000259799100097
ER
PT J
AU Yang, SH
Nosonovsky, M
Zhang, H
Chung, KH
AF Yang, Seung Ho
Nosonovsky, Michael
Zhang, Huan
Chung, Koo-Hyun
TI Response to the comment on 'Nanoscale water capillary bridges under
deeply negative pressure' by Caupin et al.
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
AB In this response to the comment by Caupin et al. [1] on our earlier paper, we explain why negative pressure in nanoscale water capillary bridges in AFM experiments is lower than the pressure reported in macroscale and microscale experiments. An estimate shows that for the tip radius of 10 nm, the bridge foundation area (A) is on the order of A = 10 (16) m(2), and the typical experimental value of the capillary force (F(ad)) on the order of F(cap) = 10 nN corresponds to the negative pressure P = -F(cap)/A = -100 MPa. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Nosonovsky, Michael] Stevens Inst Technol, Castle Point Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
[Yang, Seung Ho; Zhang, Huan; Chung, Koo-Hyun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nosonovsky, M (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Castle Point Hudson, Castle Point Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
EM Michael.Nosonovsky@stevens.edu
RI Nosonovsky, Michael/B-2228-2012; Chung, KooHyun/O-3042-2013
OI Chung, KooHyun/0000-0002-9092-6784
NR 6
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2614
J9 CHEM PHYS LETT
JI Chem. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 22
PY 2008
VL 463
IS 1-3
BP 286
EP 287
DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.046
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 347OH
UT WOS:000259150400056
ER
PT J
AU Pillsbury, NR
Stearns, JA
Muller, CW
Plusquellic, DF
Zwier, TS
AF Pillsbury, Nathan R.
Stearns, Jaime A.
Mueller, Christian W.
Plusquellic, David F.
Zwier, Timothy S.
TI State-specific studies of internal mixing in a prototypical flexible
bichromophore: Diphenylmethane
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; B-O SCHEME; RADIATIONLESS TRANSITIONS;
RESONANCE INTERACTIONS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; MP2
ENERGY; MOLECULES; APPROXIMATION; NAPHTHALENE
AB Laser-induced fluorescence, resonant two-photon ionization, UV-UV hole burning, UV depletion, and single vibronic level fluorescence (SVLF) spectra of jet-cooled diphenylmethane (DPM) have been recorded over the 37 300 - 38 400 cm(-1) region that encompasses the S(1)<- S(0) and S(2)<- S(0) transitions. All transitions in the laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum are due to a single conformational isomer of DPM with C(2) symmetry. The S(1)<- S(0) origin transition occurs at 37 322 cm(-1), supporting a short progression in the symmetric torsion T with spacing of 28 cm(-1). The S(2)<- S(0) origin transition occurs 123 cm(-1) above the S(1) origin and possesses very weak torsional structure, observable only under saturating laser power conditions. A combination of SVLF spectroscopy and hot band studies is used to assign the frequencies of the symmetric torsion (T), antisymmetric torsion ((T) over bar), and butterfly (beta) vibrations in the S(0), S(1), and S(2) states. The emission from the S(2) origin is composed of two components, a set of sharp transitions ascribable to the S(2) state and a dense "clump" of transitions ending in ground-state levels 81, 88, and 93 cm(-1) above the S(0) zero-point level ascribable to S(1)(upsilon) emission. Assignment of the transitions in the clump leads to the conclusion that the single vibronic level responsible for the emission has mixed S(2)/S(1) character. The mixing involves several torsional vibronic levels in the S(1) manifold close in energy to the S(2) origin, with the correct symmetry to couple the two states. These levels involve significant torsional excitation. The close energetic proximity of these levels leads to a breakdown of typical vibronic coupling selection rules. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2977730]
C1 [Pillsbury, Nathan R.; Mueller, Christian W.; Zwier, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Stearns, Jaime A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Chim Phys Mol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Plusquellic, David F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pillsbury, NR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM zwier@purdue.edu
FU Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-96ER14656]; Merck
Research Laboratories; [BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159]
FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences under Grant No.
DE-FG02-96ER14656. The authors gratefully acknowledge Aloke Das and
Talitha M. Selby for their contributions to the preliminary calculations
and R2PI spectra. J.A.S. gratefully acknowledges NASA for a Graduate
Student Research Fellowship and Purdue University for a Dissertation
Year Fellowship. C. W. M. would like to thank the "Deutsche Akademie der
Naturforscher Leopoldina" for a postdoctoral scholarship (Grant No.
BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159 of the "Bundesministerium fur Bildung und
Forschung"). N.R.P. acknowledges Purdue University and the Andrews
family for the Frederick N. Andrews Fellowship. This work was also
supported in part by a fellowship from Merck Research Laboratories. The
authors thank John R. Cable for useful discussions and for sharing his
data on DPM isotopomers prior to publication.
NR 54
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 21
PY 2008
VL 129
IS 11
AR 114301
DI 10.1063/1.2977730
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 357YT
UT WOS:000259883900012
PM 19044954
ER
PT J
AU Chijioke, A
Lawall, J
AF Chijioke, Akobuije
Lawall, John
TI Laser Doppler vibrometer employing active frequency feedback
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VIBRATION MEASUREMENT; INTERFEROMETER
AB We present a heterodyne Michelson interferometer for vibration measurement in which feedback is used to obviate the need to unwrap phase data. The Doppler shift of a vibrating target mirror is sensed interferometrically and compensated by means of a voltage-controlled oscillator driving an acousto-optic modulator. For frequencies within the servo bandwidth, the oscillator control voltage provides a direct measurement of the target velocity. Outside the servo bandwidth, phase-sensitive detection is used to evaluate high-frequency displacements. This approach is of great interest for the frequently-occurring situation where vibration amplitudes at low frequency exceed in optical wavelength, but knowledge of the vibration spectrum at high frequency is important as well.
C1 [Chijioke, Akobuije; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lawall, J (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.lawall@nist.gov
NR 19
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP 20
PY 2008
VL 47
IS 27
BP 4952
EP 4958
DI 10.1364/AO.47.004952
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 362JN
UT WOS:000260194100019
PM 18806857
ER
PT J
AU Weinberg, KL
Kotwicki, S
AF Weinberg, Kenneth L.
Kotwicki, Stan
TI Factors influencing net width and sea floor contact of a survey bottom
trawl
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE bottom trawl; catch size; efficiency; environmental variables; footrope
contact; net width; trawl geometry; trawl survey
ID REGRESSION SPLINES; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; FOOTROPE CONTACT; SAMPLING
TRAWL; SPEED; PERFORMANCE; TIDES; MODEL; FISH
AB Increased understanding of the factors affecting trawl geometry can lead to reduced variance in trawl catch efficiency, a primary goal of successful bottom trawl surveys. To this end, variation in net width and footrope distance from the bottom, two important determinants of the catch process, were related to certain aspects of vessel operations, catch weight, and environmental conditions using generalized additive modeling (GAM). Net width was most affected by the interactive effect of towing depth and trawl wire length, generally increasing with increasing depth and wire lengths, except at the deepest sites where the net narrowed slightly. Net width also increased linearly with increased towing speed and wave height, and varied non-linearly with the negative log of sediment particle diameter. Conversely, net width decreased with increasing catch weight, particularly catches of heavy benthic invertebrates, such as snails and sea stars. Footrope distance from the bottom decreased the more a net was used and with increasing catch size, particularly for heavy benthic invertebrates. Footrope distance from the bottom increased with decreasing sediment particle diameter and with the interactive effect of depth and trawl wire length. Our results suggest that the precision of survey catch per unit effort estimates can be improved through the implementation of minor changes in trawling procedures, prediction of area-swept in the absence of suitable net measurement data, and validation of tow performance. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Weinberg, Kenneth L.; Kotwicki, Stan] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Weinberg, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM ken.weinberg@noaa.gov
RI Kotwicki, Stan/C-3599-2009
NR 39
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD SEP 20
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 3
BP 265
EP 279
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.05.011
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 356EX
UT WOS:000259762600002
ER
PT J
AU Haas, HL
LaCasella, E
Leroux, R
Milliken, H
Hayward, B
AF Haas, Heather L.
LaCasella, Erin
Leroux, Robin
Milliken, Henry
Hayward, Brett
TI Characteristics of sea turtles incidentally captured in the US Atlantic
sea scallop dredge fishery
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE sea turtle; scallop dredge; gear; injury; genetics; size
ID CARETTA-CARETTA; BAYESIAN METHODS
AB Interactions between sea turtles and sea scallop dredges are an important conservation issue. In this paper, we present information which can be used to inform bycatch mitigation strategies. We collected samples and data from turtles observed in the U.S. commercial scallop dredge fishery and examined interactions and injuries, genetic samples, and turtle size. Observers documented injuries in about two-thirds (52 of 74) of the live and fresh dead turtles. When the location of the turtle in the gear was described, it was most frequently reported in the dredge (n = 19), in the bag (n = 9), or on top of the catch (n = 7). Although several different injury and interaction scenarios were described by observers, the most common was an injured turtle, caught in the dredge, and brought aboard the fishing vessel. The timing of injuries was often unknown, but when observer comments provided information about timing, most injuries likely occurred before the turtle was brought aboard the vessel. The majority of turtles observed in the scallop dredge fishery were juvenile loggerheads. Mixed stock analysis using genetic data, suggested that most loggerheads captured in the scallop fisheries are from the south Florida nesting population, however there was a high level of uncertainty in these estimates. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Haas, Heather L.; Milliken, Henry] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[LaCasella, Erin; Leroux, Robin] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Hayward, Brett] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA USA.
RP Haas, HL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM heather.haas@noaa.gov
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD SEP 20
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 3
BP 289
EP 295
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.05.008
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 356EX
UT WOS:000259762600004
ER
PT J
AU Kilbourne, KH
Quinn, TM
Webb, R
Guilderson, T
Nyberg, J
Winter, A
AF Kilbourne, K. H.
Quinn, T. M.
Webb, R.
Guilderson, T.
Nyberg, J.
Winter, A.
TI Paleoclimate proxy perspective on Caribbean climate since the year 1751:
Evidence of cooler temperatures and multidecadal variability
SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION;
INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; NORTH-ATLANTIC;
ICE-AGE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CORAL MONTASTRAEA;
ISOTOPIC RECORD
AB Annually resolved coral delta O-18 and Sr/Ca records from southwestern Puerto Rico are used to investigate Caribbean climate variability between 1751 and 2004 C. E. Mean surface ocean temperatures in this region have increased steadily by about 2 degrees C since the year 1751, with Sr/Ca data indicating 2.1 +/- 0.8 degrees C and delta O-18 data indicating 2.7 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Coral geochemical records from across the tropics demonstrate that regional variability is important for understanding climate variations at centennial time scales. A strong multidecadal salinity signal in the oxygen isotope data correlates with observed multidecadal temperature variations in the Northern Hemisphere. Instrumental wind and precipitation data indicate that the most recent coral isotopic variations are caused by expansion and contraction of the steep regional salinity gradient, forced by trade wind anomalies through meridional Ekman transport. The timing of the fluctuations suggests that the multidecadal-scale wind and surface circulation anomalies might play a role in Atlantic temperature variability and meridional overturning circulation, but further work is needed to confirm this suggestion.
C1 [Kilbourne, K. H.] McDaniel Coll, Environm Policy & Sci Program, Westminster, MD 21157 USA.
[Guilderson, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Nyberg, J.] Geol Survey Sweden, SE-75128 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Quinn, T. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78759 USA.
[Webb, R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Winter, A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
[Guilderson, T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Guilderson, T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Kilbourne, KH (reprint author), McDaniel Coll, Environm Policy & Sci Program, 2 Coll Hill, Westminster, MD 21157 USA.
EM kkilbourne@mcdaniel.edu
RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; Kilbourne, Kelly /D-6560-2012
OI Kilbourne, Kelly /0000-0001-7864-8438
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0327420]; University of South Florida
FX We thank the reviewers for their constructive comments. Discussions and
technical support by Jonathan Eisheid contributed to the analysis of
modern precipitation data by K. H. K. Dive master Milton Carlo of the
University of Puerto Rico and Captain Angel Nazario are thanked for
their help with sample collection. Coral-drilling guru Fred Taylor and
Peter Swart also contributed to the fieldwork. Kevin Helmle of Nova
Southeastern University helped cut and X-radiograph all of the cores
used in this study. Funding for this project was from National Science
Foundation grant OCE-0327420 and the Elsie and William Knight
Oceanographic Fellowship of the University of South Florida.
NR 83
TC 48
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0883-8305
EI 1944-9186
J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
JI Paleoceanography
PD SEP 19
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 3
AR PA3220
DI 10.1029/2008PA001598
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology
SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology
GA 351BM
UT WOS:000259399100001
ER
PT J
AU Neff, W
Perlwitz, J
Hoerling, M
AF Neff, William
Perlwitz, Judith
Hoerling, Martin
TI Observational evidence for asymmetric changes in tropospheric heights
over Antarctica on decadal time scales
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMISPHERE CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; OSCILLATION INDEX;
CIRCULATION; TRENDS; VARIABILITY
AB We use monthly values of geopotential height (GPH) from seven Antarctic stations to examine decadal variations and trends in the overlying troposphere. Whereas the stratospheric signal in our analyses associated with springtime ozone depletion is very detectable, documenting changes in the troposphere is complicated by strong decadal variability and geographical asymmetry. On the Indian-Ocean coast of Antarctica, negative trends in 500-hPa GPH prevail from December through May but lower GPH following extreme depletion episodes is only found from December through February. In contrast, the South Pole, McMurdo, and Halley Stations show positive trends for most months and heights with no depletion signal evident in GPH at the South Pole and Halley Stations except at and above 100 hPa. These observed seasonal and geographical asymmetries suggest that the internal dynamical response in the troposphere over Antarctica to climate change and ozone depletion is more complex than is captured in current models.
C1 [Neff, William; Perlwitz, Judith; Hoerling, Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Neff, W (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM william.neff@noaa.gov
RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Neff, William/E-2725-2010
OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076
NR 23
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 17
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 18
AR L18703
DI 10.1029/2008GL035074
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 351AE
UT WOS:000259395500005
ER
PT J
AU Yu, LH
Gergel-Hackett, N
Zangmeister, CD
Hacker, CA
Richter, CA
Kushmerick, JG
AF Yu, Lam H.
Gergel-Hackett, Nadine
Zangmeister, Christopher D.
Hacker, Christina A.
Richter, Curt A.
Kushmerick, James G.
TI Molecule-induced interface states dominate charge transport in
Si-alkyl-metal junctions
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES;
SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; SILICON; SURFACES; GOLD; ALKANETHIOLS;
PATHWAYS; BARRIER
AB Semiconductor-molecule-metal junctions consisting of alkanethiol monolayers self-assembled on both p(+) and n-type highly doped Si(111) wires contacted with a 10 mu m Au wire in a crossed-wire geometry are examined. Low temperature transport measurements reveal that molecule-induced semiconductor interface states control charge transport across these systems. Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy also highlights the strong contribution of the induced interface states to the observed charge transport.
C1 [Yu, Lam H.; Gergel-Hackett, Nadine; Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Hacker, Christina A.; Richter, Curt A.; Kushmerick, James G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yu, LH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM james.kushmerick@nist.gov
RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Gergel-Hackett, Nadine/B-9704-2009
FU Defense Advanced Research Project Agency
FX The financial support of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency is
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 32
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 12
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD SEP 17
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 37
AR 374114
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/37/374114
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 341SH
UT WOS:000258734700016
PM 21694421
ER
PT J
AU Kang, J
Shin, N
Jang, DY
Prabhu, VM
Yoon, DY
AF Kang, Jihoon
Shin, Nayool
Jang, Do Young
Prabhu, Vivek M.
Yoon, Do Y.
TI Structure and properties of small molecule-polymer blend semiconductors
for organic thin film transistors
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MOBILITY; CRYSTALLIZATION; PENTACENE
AB A comprehensive structural and electrical characterization of solution-processed blend films of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) semiconductor and poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (P alpha MS) insulator was performed to understand and optimize the blend semiconductor films, which are very attractive as the active layer in solution-processed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Our study, based on careful measurements of specular neutron reflectivity and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, showed that the blends with a low molecular-mass P alpha MS exhibited a strong segregation of TIPS-pentacene only at the air interface, but surprisingly the blends with a high molecular-mass P alpha MS showed a strong segregation of TIPS-pentacene at both air and bottom substrate interfaces with high crystallinity and desired orientation. This finding led to the preparation of a TIPS-pentacene/P alpha MS blend active layer with superior performance characteristics (field-effect mobility, on/off ratio, and threshold voltage) over those of neat TIPS-pentacene, as well as the solution-processability of technologically attractive bottom-gate/bottom-contact OTFT devices.
C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kang, Jihoon; Shin, Nayool; Jang, Do Young; Yoon, Do Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea.
RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vprabhu@nist.gov; dyyoon@snu.ac.kr
FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [F01-2006-000-10200-0]; Korean
Government [F0004031-2007-23]; U.S. Department of Commerce
FX The authors acknowledge the helpful discussions with Drs. Dean
DeLongchamp and Eric Lin of NIST, and the financial support by the
grants from the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
(F01-2006-000-10200-0) and the Information Display R&D Center
(F0004031-2007-23), one of the 21st Century Frontier R&D Program of
Korean Government. This research was also supported by the Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project and by
Samsung Electronics Co., LTD. GIXD facility at PAL is funded by Korean
government and operated by POSTECH. The NIST Center for Neutron Research
is funded by the U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 16
TC 113
Z9 113
U1 6
U2 71
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 17
PY 2008
VL 130
IS 37
BP 12273
EP +
DI 10.1021/ja804013n
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 347KO
UT WOS:000259139900036
PM 18722430
ER
PT J
AU Fukami, H
Chen, CA
Budd, AF
Collins, A
Wallace, C
Chuang, YY
Chen, C
Dai, CF
Iwao, K
Sheppard, C
Knowlton, N
AF Fukami, Hironobu
Chen, Chaolun Allen
Budd, Ann F.
Collins, Allen
Wallace, Carden
Chuang, Yao-Yang
Chen, Chienhsun
Dai, Chang-Feng
Iwao, Kenji
Sheppard, Charles
Knowlton, Nancy
TI Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes Suggest that Stony Corals Are
Monophyletic but Most Families of Stony Corals Are Not (Order
Scleractinia, Class Anthozoa, Phylum Cnidaria)
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
AB Modern hard corals (Class Hexacorallia; Order Scleractinia) are widely studied because of their fundamental role in reef building and their superb fossil record extending back to the Triassic. Nevertheless, interpretations of their evolutionary relationships have been in flux for over a decade. Recent analyses undermine the legitimacy of traditional suborders, families and genera, and suggest that a non-skeletal sister clade (Order Corallimorpharia) might be imbedded within the stony corals. However, these studies either sampled a relatively limited array of taxa or assembled trees from heterogeneous data sets. Here we provide a more comprehensive analysis of Scleractinia (127 species, 75 genera, 17 families) and various outgroups, based on two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b), with analyses of nuclear genes (beta-tubulin, ribosomal DNA) of a subset of taxa to test unexpected relationships. Eleven of 16 families were found to be polyphyletic. Strikingly, over one third of all families as conventionally defined contain representatives from the highly divergent "robust'' and "complex'' clades. However, the recent suggestion that corallimorpharians are true corals that have lost their skeletons was not upheld. Relationships were supported not only by mitochondrial and nuclear genes, but also often by morphological characters which had been ignored or never noted previously. The concordance of molecular characters and more carefully examined morphological characters suggests a future of greater taxonomic stability, as well as the potential to trace the evolutionary history of this ecologically important group using fossils.
C1 [Fukami, Hironobu] Kyoto Univ, Seto Marine Biol Lab, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Wakayama, Japan.
[Chen, Chaolun Allen; Chuang, Yao-Yang; Chen, Chienhsun] Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Chen, Chaolun Allen; Chuang, Yao-Yang; Chen, Chienhsun; Dai, Chang-Feng] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanography, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Budd, Ann F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Collins, Allen] Smithsonian Inst, MRC 153, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Syst Lab, Washington, DC USA.
[Wallace, Carden] Museum Trop Queensland, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
[Iwao, Kenji] Akajima Marine Sci Lab, Okinawa, Japan.
[Sheppard, Charles] Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
[Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanography, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, MRC 163, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC USA.
RP Fukami, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Seto Marine Biol Lab, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Wakayama, Japan.
EM knowlton@si.edu
RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008;
OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; DAI, CHANG-FENG/0000-0003-2242-5643
FU US NSF [DEB0344310, 0343208, 0531779]; Academia Sinica [PhD
fellowships]; Genomics and Proteinomics; Grant-in-Aid for Young
Scientists [18770013]
FX This study was supported through funding by US NSF grants to Nancy
Knowlton and Ann Budd (DEB0344310, 0343208), by Academia Sinica Thematic
grants (2002 2004, 2005 2007) and a Genomics and Proteinomics grant
(2006 2007) to Chaolun Allen Chen, by a Grant-in-Aid for Young
Scientists (B) (No. 18770013) to Hironobu Fukami, and by a US NSF
Assembling the Tree of Life grant (0531779) to Allen Collins, Daphne
Fautin, and Paulyn Cartwright. Yao-Yang Chuang and Chien-Hsun Chen
received PhD fellowships from the Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia
Sinica.
NR 37
TC 141
Z9 145
U1 4
U2 36
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD SEP 16
PY 2008
VL 3
IS 9
AR e3222
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003222
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 422LA
UT WOS:000264428000005
PM 18795098
ER
PT J
AU Copeland, K
Sauer, HH
Duke, FE
Friedberg, W
AF Copeland, Kyle
Sauer, Herbert H.
Duke, Frances E.
Friedberg, Wallace
TI Cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft occupants on simulated
high-latitude flights during solar proton events from 1 January 1986
through 1 January 2008
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmic radiation; solar proton event; solar alpha particles; solar
protons; air travel; space weather; radiation dose to aircraft
ID PARTICLES; ALTITUDES; MODEL
AB From 1 January 1986 through 1 January 2008, GOES satellites recorded 170 solar proton events. For 169 of these events, we estimated effective and equivalent dose rates and doses of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and solar cosmic radiation (SCR), received by aircraft occupants on simulated high-latitude flights. Dose rate and dose estimates that follow are for altitudes 30, 40, 50, and 60 kft, in that order.
Mean SCR dose rates were highest 20 January 2005: to an adult, dose rates were 0.10, 0.35, 0.87, and 1.7 mSv/h; to a conceptus, doses rates were 0. 11, 0.37, 0.89, and 1.6 msv/h. GCR + mean SCR doses were highest 29 September 1989 and 20 January 2005: to an adult, highest doses in I It were 0.048, 0.16, 0.42, and 0.90 mSv; to an adult, highest doses in 10 11 were 0.20, 0.57, 1.3, and 2.6 mSv; to a conceptus, highest doses in 1 h were 0.050, 0.17, 0.44, and 0.83 mSv; to a conceptus, highest doses in 10 It were 0.22, 0.63, 1.4, and 2.4 mSv. GCR + anisotropic-high SCR doses were highest 29 September 1989 and 20 January 2005: to an adult, highest doses in I h were 0. 15, 0.52, 1.3, and 2.6 mSv; to an adult, highest doses in 10 h were 0.29, 0.87, 2.0, and 4.0 mSv; to a conceptus, highest doses in 1 h were 0. 16, 0.55, 1.3, and 2.4 mSv; to a conceptus, highest doses in 10 h were 0.31, 0.94, 2.1, and 3.7 mSv.
The dose to an adult was always less than the 20 mSv (5-y average) occupational annual limit recommended in 1990 by the International Commission oil Radiological Protection. The dose to a conceptus sometimes exceeded the 0.5 mSv monthly limit recommended in 1993 by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR.
C1 [Copeland, Kyle; Duke, Frances E.; Friedberg, Wallace] FAA, Civil Aerosp Med Inst, Oklahoma City, OK 73169 USA.
[Sauer, Herbert H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Copeland, K (reprint author), FAA, Civil Aerosp Med Inst, 6500 S MacArthur Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73169 USA.
EM kyle.copeland@faa.gov
NR 44
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
JI Adv. Space Res.
PD SEP 15
PY 2008
VL 42
IS 6
BP 1008
EP 1029
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2008.03.001
PG 22
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 352OP
UT WOS:000259507000002
ER
PT J
AU German, CR
Bennett, SA
Connelly, DP
Evans, AJ
Murton, BJ
Parson, LM
Prien, RD
Ramirez-Llodra, E
Jakuba, M
Shank, TM
Yoerger, DR
Baker, ET
Walker, SL
Nakamura, K
AF German, C. R.
Bennett, S. A.
Connelly, D. P.
Evans, A. J.
Murton, B. J.
Parson, L. M.
Prien, R. D.
Ramirez-Llodra, E.
Jakuba, M.
Shank, T. M.
Yoerger, D. R.
Baker, E. T.
Walker, S. L.
Nakamura, K.
TI Hydrothermal activity on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Tectonically-
and volcanically-controlled venting at 4-5 degrees S
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrothermal activity; South Atlantic; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; volcanism;
tectonics
ID SPREADING GAKKEL RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS;
PHASE-SEPARATION; SEA-WATER; GEOCHEMISTRY; FLUIDS; MAR; 36-DEGREES-14'N;
BIOGEOGRAPHY
AB We report results from an investigation of the geologic processes controlling hydrothermal activity along the previously-unstudied southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (3-7 degrees S). Our study employed the NOC (UK) deep-tow sidescan sonar instrument, TOBI, in concert with the WHOI (USA) autonomous underwater vehicle, ABE, to collect information concerning hydrothermal plume distributions in the water column co-registered with geologic investigations of the underlying seafloor. Two areas of high-temperature hydrothermal venting were identified. The first was situated in a non-transform discontinuity (NTD) between two adjacent second-order ridge-segments near 4 degrees 02'S, distant from any neovolcanic activity. This geologic setting is very similar to that of the ultramafic-hosted and tectonically-controlled Rainbow vent-site on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The second site was located at 4 degrees 48'S at the axial-summit centre of a second-order ridge-segment. There, high-temperature venting is hosted in an similar to 18 km(2) area of young lava flows which in some cases are observed to have flowed over and engulfed pre-existing chemosynthetic vent-fauna. In both appearance and extent, these lava flows are directly reminiscent of those emplaced in Winter 2005-06 at the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 50'N and reference to global seismic catalogues reveals that a swarm of large (M 4.6-5.6) seismic events was centred on the 5 degrees S segment over a similar to 24 h period in late June 2002, perhaps indicating the precise timing of this volcanic eruptive episode. Temperature measurements at one of the vents found directly adjacent to the fresh lava flows at 5 degrees S MAR (Turtle Pits) have subsequently revealed vent-fluids that are actively phase separating under conditions very close to the Critical Point for seawater, at similar to 3000 m depth and 407 degrees C: the hottest vent-fluids yet reported from anywhere along the global ridge crest. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [German, C. R.; Jakuba, M.; Shank, T. M.; Yoerger, D. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[German, C. R.; Bennett, S. A.; Connelly, D. P.; Evans, A. J.; Murton, B. J.; Parson, L. M.; Prien, R. D.; Ramirez-Llodra, E.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
[Prien, R. D.] Inst Ostseeforsch Warnemunde, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
[Ramirez-Llodra, E.] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
[Baker, E. T.; Walker, S. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Nakamura, K.] AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
RP German, CR (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM cgerman@whoi.edu
RI Bennett, Sarah/F-9831-2011; Prien, Ralf/A-2062-2010
OI Bennett, Sarah/0000-0002-9811-4764; Prien, Ralf/0000-0003-3014-792X
FU TOBI; ABE; Maya Tolstoy (LDEO); WHOI; NERC in the UK,; NOAA's Ocean
Exploration
FX We thank the Captain, Officers and Crew of RRS Charles Darwin cruise
CD169 and the support teams for the TOBI and ABE vehicles for invaluable
support at sea to conduct this research. This manuscript benefited from
the insights of two anonymous referees and from further discussions with
Maya Tolstoy (LDEO) and Jian Lin and Rob Sohn (WHOI). Funding for this
work was provided by grants from NERC in the UK, from NOAA's Ocean
Exploration and Vents programs in the USA, and from the Census of Marine
Life program ChEss (biogeography and biodiversity of chemosynthetic
ecosystems).
NR 46
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 2008
VL 273
IS 3-4
BP 332
EP 344
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.048
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 358WU
UT WOS:000259949000010
ER
PT J
AU Busch, DS
Sperry, TS
Wingfield, JC
Boyd, EH
AF Busch, D. Shallin
Sperry, Todd S.
Wingfield, John C.
Boyd, Ellen H.
TI Effects of repeated, short-term, corticosterone administration on the
hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis of the white-crowned sparrow
(Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE corticosterone; chronic stress; corticosterone binding globulin; hepatic
corticosterone metabolism; ACTH challenge
ID DARK-EYED JUNCOS; STRESS-INDUCED CORTICOSTERONE;
ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; BINDING GLOBULIN;
PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; MAGELLANIC PENGUINS; FOOD AVAILABILITY;
SEASONAL-CHANGES; HABITAT QUALITY
AB Our knowledge of glucocorticoid actions in vertebrates comes primarily from laboratory studies, which are often conducted with little consideration of how animals experience changes in glucocorticoid secretion in natural contexts. Typically, free-living animals are exposed to acute perturbations of the environment, ranging from a few minutes to a few hours duration, with varying frequency. The cumulative effects of these perturbations and their resultant glucocorticoid Surges are not well known. To investigate the possible cumulative effects of repeated, acute surges in glucocorticoid secretion, we developed an ecologically relevant methodology for treating captive white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys ganibelii) with corticosterone (CORT). We dissolved CORT in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and administered this cocktail directly on the skin. Treatments resulted in small elevations of CORT within the physiological range. In our first experiment at the end of the breeding life stage, birds were treated three times a day (3 x). Two control groups were used: one treated with DMSO 3 x and one not handled nor treated. In a second study at the beginning of the breeding life stage, one group was treated once a day and a second group 3 x. A DMSO-control group Was used for each dosage regime. Repeated, acute administration of CORT resulted in higher baseline CORT levels and a down-regulation of the endogenous adrenocortical response to a standardized Stress. Maximum CORT and plasma corticosterone binding globulin levels increased in response to the CORT treatments only at the end of the breeding season. CORT treatment did not alter adrenal size, adrenal response to ACTH, or hepatic CORT metabolism. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Busch, D. Shallin; Sperry, Todd S.; Wingfield, John C.; Boyd, Ellen H.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM shallin@u.washington.edu
FU National Science Foundation [OPP 9911333, IBN 0317141]
FX This project would have been impossible without the assistance of the
following undergraduate researchers: Christine Askew, CamTu Do, Eric
Peterson, Julie Ngo, and Rebecca Mandell. We heartily thank the entire
Wingfield lab (Liz Addis, George Bentley, Fran Bonier, Aaron Clark, Alex
Coverdill, Lisa Hayward, Jay Jensen, Patrick Kelly, Sara O'Brien, Noah
Owen-Ashley, Federico Prado, Ursula Valdez, Doug Wacker, Gang Wang,
Cheryl Wotus) for their assistance collecting samples and discussing
ideas. Marilyn Ramenofsky guided the development of this research: her
involvement was much appreciated. Cheryl Wotus helped with the in vitro
work and understanding the function of the HPA axis. Lynn Erckmann
provided expertise concerning animal care and laboratory techniques, and
Michael Romero helped us design the ACTH challenge. We thank two
anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments that improved this
manuscript. This work was Supported by National Science Foundation
grants OPP 9911333 and IBN 0317141 to J.C.W. and a NSF Graduate Research
Fellowship to D.S.B. References
NR 71
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 24
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2008
VL 158
IS 3
BP 211
EP 223
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.06.004
PG 13
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 356QD
UT WOS:000259791800001
PM 18586038
ER
PT J
AU Busch, DS
Sperry, TS
Peterson, E
Do, CT
Wingfield, JC
Boyd, EH
AF Busch, D. Shallin
Sperry, Todd S.
Peterson, Eric
Do, Cam-Tu
Wingfield, John C.
Boyd, Ellen H.
TI Impacts of frequent, acute pulses of corticosterone on condition and
behavior of Gambel's white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophtys
gambelii)
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE body condition; chronic stress; corticosterone; migration; molt;
Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii
ID STRESS-RESPONSE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PASSERINE BIRDS; FEATHER GROWTH;
MOLT; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; MECHANISM; CONSEQUENCES; METABOLISM; MIGRATION
AB Little is known about how frequent, acute stressors affect wild animals. We present two experiments conducted on captive, Gambel's white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) that explore how frequent, acute doses of corticosterone (CORT) affect condition and behavior. CORT was administered either once or three times a day to birds in pre-breeding, early-breeding, or late-breeding life-history stages. Two additional groups were included to control for the CORT delivery vehicle, DMSO, and the treatment process. Our results indicate that CORT treatment decreases condition, but that its effects are dependent on frequency and life stage. Specifically, CORT-treated birds delayed the onset of molt and had reduced body mass, flight muscle, and food consumption. CORT treatment did not affect fat stores, bile retention in the gallbladder, or the expression of migratory restlessness behavior. These results increase our understanding of the effects of frequent, acute Stressors and the development of chronic stress states. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Busch, D. Shallin; Sperry, Todd S.; Peterson, Eric; Do, Cam-Tu; Wingfield, John C.; Boyd, Ellen H.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM shallin@u.washington.edu
NR 53
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 21
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2008
VL 158
IS 3
BP 224
EP 233
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.07.010
PG 10
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 356QD
UT WOS:000259791800002
PM 18713634
ER
PT J
AU Rudd, D
Lopez-Mariscal, C
Summers, M
Shahvisi, A
Gutierrez-Vega, JC
McGloin, D
AF Rudd, D.
Lopez-Mariscal, C.
Summers, M.
Shahvisi, A.
Gutierrez-Vega, J. C.
McGloin, D.
TI Fiber based optical trapping of aerosols
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROSCOPIC PARTICLES; BEAM; FORCE; TWEEZERS; DROPLETS; CELLS
AB We present the use of optical fibers to form a counter-propagating optical trap as a means of manipulating both solid and liquid aerosols. We explore the use of single and multimode fibers to achieve trapping of various particles in air, present the trapping properties of the different fiber types and compare the observed trends to those predicted by theory. Using fibers, we are able to hold suspended particles for extended periods of time and to precisely manipulate them over distances of several hundred microns. We discuss the difficulties and advantages of each fiber configuration and conclude with a demonstration that fiber based trapping offers a good candidate for studying optical binding in air. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America.
C1 [Rudd, D.; McGloin, D.] Univ Dundee, Elect Engn & Phys Div, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
[Rudd, D.; Summers, M.; Shahvisi, A.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland.
[Lopez-Mariscal, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lopez-Mariscal, C.; Gutierrez-Vega, J. C.] Photon & Math Opt Grp, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
RP Rudd, D (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Elect Engn & Phys Div, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
EM d.mcgloin@dundee.ac.uk
RI Gutierrez-Vega, Julio/R-3100-2016;
OI Gutierrez-Vega, Julio/0000-0002-8705-2924; McGloin,
David/0000-0002-0075-4481
FU Royal Society Joint Project; EPSRC; CONACyT Mexico; Tecnologico de
Monterrey [CAT141]
FX This work was funded by a Royal Society Joint Project award and the UK
EPSRC. CL-M and JCG-V acknowledge financial support from CONACyT Mexico
and from Tecnologico de Monterrey grant CAT141. DM is a Royal Society
University Research Fellow.
NR 32
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 12
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD SEP 15
PY 2008
VL 16
IS 19
BP 14550
EP 14560
DI 10.1364/OE.16.014550
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 349HM
UT WOS:000259271900025
PM 18794990
ER
PT J
AU Popmintchev, T
Chen, MC
Cohen, O
Grisham, ME
Rocca, JJ
Murnane, MM
Kapteyn, HC
AF Popmintchev, Tenio
Chen, Ming-Chang
Cohen, Oren
Grisham, Michael E.
Rocca, Jorge J.
Murnane, Margaret M.
Kapteyn, Henry C.
TI Extended phase matching of high harmonics driven by mid-infrared light
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY HARMONICS; GENERATION; PULSES; GASES
AB We demonstrate that phase-matched frequency upconversion Of ultrafast laser light can be extended to shorter wavelengths by using longer driving laser wavelengths. Experimentally, we show that the phase-matching cutoff for harmonic generation in argon increases from 45 to 100 eV when the driving laser wavelength is increased from 0.8 to 1.3 mu m. Phase matching is also obtained at higher pressures using a longer-wavelength driving laser, mitigating the unfavorable scaling of the single-atom response. Theoretical calculations suggest that phase-matched high harmonic frequency upconversion driven by mid-infrared pulses could be extended to extremely high photon energies. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America
C1 [Popmintchev, Tenio; Chen, Ming-Chang; Cohen, Oren; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Popmintchev, Tenio; Chen, Ming-Chang; Cohen, Oren; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Grisham, Michael E.; Rocca, Jorge J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Popmintchev, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM popmintchev@jila.colorado.edu
RI Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; Kapteyn,
Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center for
Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology [0310717]; U.S. Department of
Energy
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science
Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center for Extreme Ultraviolet
Science and Technology under NSF award 0310717 and the U.S. Department
of Energy.
NR 13
TC 105
Z9 107
U1 2
U2 17
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 2008
VL 33
IS 18
BP 2128
EP 2130
DI 10.1364/OL.33.002128
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 358BM
UT WOS:000259891400037
PM 18794953
ER
PT J
AU Yamaura, K
Huang, Q
Takayama-Muromachi, E
AF Yamaura, K.
Huang, Q.
Takayama-Muromachi, E.
TI Superconductivity and structure of eta-Mo3C2
SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20th International Symposium on Superconductivity
CY NOV 05-07, 2007
CL Tsukuba, JAPAN
SP Tsukuba Int Congress Ctr
DE new materials; molybdenum carbide; triangular-lattice
AB Local structure of the layered superconductor eta-Mo3C2 (T-c = 8.5 K) was studied by a neutron diffraction method. The structure comprises a triangular-lattice layer and a block layer, and the layers share a common structure basis of octahedral CMo6. We found that the block layer contains non-trivial disorders likely caused by inhomogeneous carbon distribution, while the triangular-lattice layer consists of almost perfect regular octahedra. Thus, the triangular-lattice is probably responsible for the superconductivity. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yamaura, K.; Takayama-Muromachi, E.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan.
[Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yamaura, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan.
EM yamaura.kazunari@nims.go.jp
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD SEP 15
PY 2008
VL 468
IS 15-20
BP 1135
EP 1137
DI 10.1016/j.physc.2008.05.017
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 355ML
UT WOS:000259712900010
ER
PT J
AU Lee, YP
Wu, YJ
Hougen, JT
AF Lee, Yuan-Pern
Wu, Yu-Jong
Hougen, Jon T.
TI Direct spectral evidence of single-axis rotation and
ortho-hydrogen-assisted nuclear spin conversion of CH(3)F in solid
para-hydrogen
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; RARE-GAS MATRICES; ROVIBRATIONAL STATES;
PARAHYDROGEN CRYSTAL; MOLECULES; (CH3F)-C-12; BANDS; CD3F
AB Observation of two weak absorption lines from the E (K=1) level and one intense feature from A (K=0) for degenerate modes v(4) and v(6) of CH(3)F provides direct spectral evidence that CH(3)F isolated in p-H(2) rotates about only its symmetry axis, and not about the other two axes. An interaction between A and E vibrational levels caused by the partially hindered spinning rotation is proposed. Conversion of nuclear spin between A and E components of CH(3)F is rapid when p-H(2) contains some o-H(2), but becomes slow when the proportion of o-H(2) is much decreased. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
C1 [Lee, Yuan-Pern; Wu, Yu-Jong] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
[Lee, Yuan-Pern; Wu, Yu-Jong] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Mol Sci, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
[Lee, Yuan-Pern] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
[Hougen, Jon T.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lee, YP (reprint author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Appl Chem, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
EM yplee@mail.nctu.edu.tw
RI Lee, Yuan-Pern/F-7938-2012
OI Lee, Yuan-Pern/0000-0001-6418-7378
FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC96-2113-M009-025]; Ministry of
Education
FX We thank the National Science Council of Taiwan (Grant No.
NSC96-2113-M009-025) and the Ministry of Education (MOE-ATU project) for
support.
NR 22
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 14
PY 2008
VL 129
IS 10
AR 104502
DI 10.1063/1.2975340
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 357YQ
UT WOS:000259883600022
PM 19044919
ER
PT J
AU Mertens, CJ
Fernandez, JR
Xu, XJ
Evans, DS
Mlynczak, MG
Russell, JM
AF Mertens, Christopher J.
Fernandez, Jose R.
Xu, Xiaojing
Evans, David S.
Mlynczak, Martin G.
Russell, James M., III
TI A new source of auroral infrared emission observed by TIMED/SABER
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ION-MOLECULE REACTION; DEPENDENCE; STORMS; NO+; N2
AB We demonstrate for the first time that O-2(+) + NO charge transfer produces NO+(v). This mechanism identifies a new source of auroral infrared emission at 4.3 mu m, which provides a major step forward in understanding auroral processes and a new context for understanding previously observed auroral enhancements in O-2(b(1)Sigma(+)(g)) and O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) bands. The charge transfer process is identified by comparing physics-based model simulations with NO+(v) volume emission rates derived from SABER 4.3 mu m limb emission measurements.
C1 [Mertens, Christopher J.; Fernandez, Jose R.; Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Xu, Xiaojing] SSAI Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Evans, David S.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23688 USA.
RP Mertens, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM c.j.mertens@larc.nasa.gov; j.fernand@naic.edu; xiaojing_xu@ssaihq.com;
david.s.evans@noaa.gov; m.g.mlynczak@larc.nasa.gov;
james.russell@hamptonu.edu
RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012
FU NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program
FX This work was supported by the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator
Program. We are also grateful for insightful discussions with Jeremy R.
Winick (Air Force Research Laboratories, Hanscom AFB, MA).
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 13
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 17
AR L17106
DI 10.1029/2008GL034701
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 348GV
UT WOS:000259199900003
ER
PT J
AU Sanderson, MG
Dentener, FJ
Fiore, AM
Cuvelier, C
Keating, TJ
Zuber, A
Atherton, CS
Bergmann, DJ
Diehl, T
Doherty, RM
Duncan, BN
Hess, P
Horowitz, LW
Jacob, DJ
Jonson, JE
Kaminski, JW
Lupu, A
MacKenzie, IA
Mancini, E
Marmer, E
Park, R
Pitari, G
Prather, MJ
Pringle, KJ
Schroeder, S
Schultz, MG
Shindell, DT
Szopa, S
Wild, O
Wind, P
AF Sanderson, M. G.
Dentener, F. J.
Fiore, A. M.
Cuvelier, C.
Keating, T. J.
Zuber, A.
Atherton, C. S.
Bergmann, D. J.
Diehl, T.
Doherty, R. M.
Duncan, B. N.
Hess, P.
Horowitz, L. W.
Jacob, D. J.
Jonson, J. -E.
Kaminski, J. W.
Lupu, A.
MacKenzie, I. A.
Mancini, E.
Marmer, E.
Park, R.
Pitari, G.
Prather, M. J.
Pringle, K. J.
Schroeder, S.
Schultz, M. G.
Shindell, D. T.
Szopa, S.
Wild, O.
Wind, P.
TI A multi-model study of the hemispheric transport and deposition of
oxidised nitrogen
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ECOSYSTEMS; FUTURE
AB Fifteen chemistry-transport models are used to quantify, for the first time, the export of oxidised nitrogen (NOy) to and from four regions (Europe, North America, South Asia, and East Asia), and to estimate the uncertainty in the results. Between 12 and 24% of the NOx emitted is exported from each region annually. The strongest impact of each source region on a foreign region is: Europe on East Asia, North America on Europe, South Asia on East Asia, and East Asia on North America. Europe exports the most NOy, and East Asia the least. East Asia receives the most NOy from the other regions. Between 8 and 15% of NOx emitted in each region is transported over distances larger than 1000 km, with 3-10% ultimately deposited over the foreign regions.
C1 [Sanderson, M. G.; Pringle, K. J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Dentener, F. J.; Cuvelier, C.; Marmer, E.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, DG JRC, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy.
[Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC USA.
[Zuber, A.] European Commiss, Environm Directorate Gen, Brussels, Belgium.
[Atherton, C. S.; Bergmann, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA.
[Diehl, T.; Duncan, B. N.] UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Jacob, D. J.; Park, R.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modelling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Jonson, J. -E.; Wind, P.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Kaminski, J. W.; Lupu, A.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada.
[Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, Laquila, Italy.
[Prather, M. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
[Schroeder, S.; Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG2, Julich, Germany.
[Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA.
[Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Div Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England.
RP Sanderson, MG (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
RI Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Lupu,
Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Shindell,
Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Pringle, Kirsty
/A-4697-2013; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014;
Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Pitari,
Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012
OI Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035;
Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523;
Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Horowitz,
Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess,
Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578;
Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X
NR 13
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 13
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 17
AR L17815
DI 10.1029/2008GL035389
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 348GV
UT WOS:000259199900008
ER
PT J
AU Mo, T
Liu, QH
AF Mo, Tsan
Liu, Quanhua
TI A study of AMSU-A measurement of brightness temperatures over the ocean
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; SEA-SURFACE; CALIBRATION; MODEL; LAND;
RETRIEVAL; SENSOR
AB Brightness temperatures observed by the NOAA 15, 16, 17, and 18 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) over the tropical ocean region 20 degrees S-20 degrees N are investigated for the months of January, April, July, and October 2006. Monthly mean angular distributions of the data from each month show a very stable pattern. The two sets of data measured by the NOAA 16 and 18 satellites agree well with each other. It is found that the observed brightness temperatures from the descending passes at local equator crossing time (LECT) 0200 are higher than those of the ascending passes at LECT 1400 in the window channels (i.e., channels 1-3 and 15) even though the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at similar to 1400 LECT are usually warmer than those at similar to 0200 LECT. The cause of such surprising observations is attributed to the differences in atmospheric transmittance and ocean surface emissivities. As a function of SST, the ocean surface emissivity increases as the SST decreases and vice versa. It is found that the transmittances at the descending (nighttime) passes are smaller than those at the ascending (daytime) ones and that smaller transmittances enhance the upwelling atmospheric contribution to the brightness temperatures. Angular distributions were simulated with a radiative transfer model of one layer of effective atmosphere with optical depth a and temperatures T-0 and T-S at the top and bottom of the layer, respectively. A least squares fitting method is used to match the model calculations with the AMSU-A measurements. The simulated results agree well with all AMSU-A measurements. The NOAA 16 data can be reproduced with the best fit parameters obtained from the NOAA 18 data. Such a close resemblance and stable pattern of angular distributions from the two satellites are potentially useful for postlaunch calibration of future microwave radiometers. The data from the four satellites with different equator crossing times are used to study the diurnal variation of the ocean surface brightness temperatures, which show patterns of daytime cooling and nighttime warming.
C1 [Mo, Tsan] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, WWBG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Liu, Quanhua] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Mo, T (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, WWBG, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 601, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Mo, Tsan/F-5614-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008
OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X
NR 27
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 13
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D17
AR D17120
DI 10.1029/2008JD009784
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 348HD
UT WOS:000259200700004
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, EC
AF Anderson, Eric C.
TI Bayesian inference of species hybrids using multilocus dominant genetic
markers
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE amplified fragment length polymorphism; mixture model; genetic
admixture; receiver operating characteristic curve
ID GENOTYPE DATA; ZONES; INTROGRESSION; POPULATIONS; MODEL; LOCI; FLOW
AB Neutral genetic markers are useful for identifying species hybrids in natural populations, especially when used in conjunction with statistical methods like the one implemented in the software NEWHYBRIDS. Here, a short description of the extension of NEWHYBRIDS to dominant markers is given. Subsequently, an extensive series of simulations of amplified fragment length polymorphism ( AFLP) data is performed to evaluate the prospects for hybrid identification with ( possibly nondiagnostic) dominant markers. Distinguishing between F1' s and F2' s is shown to be difficult, possibly requiring upwards of 100 AFLP markers to be done accurately. Discriminating between pure- bred and non- pure ( hybrid) individuals, however, is shown to be much easier, requiring perhaps as few as 10 dominant markers, even from relatively weakly diverged species.
C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM eric.anderson@noaa.gov
NR 31
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 13
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8436
J9 PHILOS T R SOC B
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD SEP 12
PY 2008
VL 363
IS 1505
BP 2841
EP 2850
DI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0043
PG 10
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 331QB
UT WOS:000258026400005
PM 18508754
ER
PT J
AU Inderhees, SE
Borchers, JA
Green, KS
Kim, MS
Sun, K
Strycker, GL
Aronson, MC
AF Inderhees, S. E.
Borchers, J. A.
Green, K. S.
Kim, M. S.
Sun, K.
Strycker, G. L.
Aronson, M. C.
TI Manipulating the magnetic structure of Co Core/CoO shell nanoparticles:
Implications for controlling the exchange bias
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILMS; ANISOTROPY; CO/COO; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISMS; BILAYERS;
COBALT; MODEL
AB We present an experimental study of the effects of oxidation on the magnetic and crystal structures of exchange biased epsilon-Co/CoO core-shell nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal that oxidation creates a Co-CoO interface which is highly directional and epitaxial in quality. Neutron diffraction measurements find that below a Neel temperature T-N of similar to 235 K the magnetization of the CoO shell is modulated by two wave vectors, q(1)= (1/2 1/2 1/2)2 pi/alpha and q(2) = (100)2 pi/alpha. Oxidation affects the q(1) component of the magnetization very little, but hugely enhances the q(2) component, resulting in the magnetic decompensation of the core-shell interface. We propose that the large exchange bias effect results from the highly ordered interface between the Co core and CoO shell, and from enhanced core-shell coupling by the uncompensated interface moment.
C1 [Inderhees, S. E.; Green, K. S.; Kim, M. S.; Sun, K.; Strycker, G. L.; Aronson, M. C.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kim, M. S.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Inderhees, SE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
FU DOE [FG02-94ER45526]
FX We acknowledge discussions with C. Grey, S. Majetich, J. Rhyne, and J.
W. Lynn, and are grateful to C. D. Malliakas and M. G. Kanatzidis for
access to their x-ray diffractometer. Work at the University of Michigan
and Brookhaven was performed under the auspices of the DOE under Grant
DE-FG02-94ER45526.
NR 30
TC 61
Z9 61
U1 3
U2 38
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 12
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 11
AR 117202
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.117202
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 348CN
UT WOS:000259188700058
PM 18851323
ER
PT J
AU Naaman, O
Aumentado, J
Friedland, L
Wurtele, JS
Siddiqi, I
AF Naaman, O.
Aumentado, J.
Friedland, L.
Wurtele, J. S.
Siddiqi, I.
TI Phase-locking transition in a chirped superconducting Josephson
resonator
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTORESONANT NONSTATIONARY EXCITATION; PLASMAS; MODE
AB We observe a sharp threshold for dynamic phase locking in a high-Q transmission line resonator embedded with a Josephson tunnel junction, and driven with a purely ac, chirped microwave signal. When the drive amplitude is below a critical value, which depends on the chirp rate and is sensitive to the junction critical current I(0), the resonator is only excited near its linear resonance frequency. For a larger amplitude, the resonator phase locks to the chirped drive and its amplitude grows until a deterministic maximum is reached. Near threshold, the oscillator evolves smoothly in one of two diverging trajectories, providing a way to discriminate small changes in I(0) with a nonswitching detector, with potential applications in quantum state measurement.
C1 [Naaman, O.; Siddiqi, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Quantum Nanoelect Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Aumentado, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Friedland, L.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
[Wurtele, J. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Naaman, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Quantum Nanoelect Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Siddiqi, Irfan/E-5548-2015; wurtele,
Jonathan/J-6278-2016
OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; wurtele,
Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0774]; UC Berkeley Chancellor's
Faculty Partnership Fund; Hellman Family Faculty Fund; U.S.-Israel
Binational Science Foundation [2004033]; U. S. Department of Energy
[DE-FG02-04ER41289]
FX The authors thank R. Vijayaraghavan, V. Manucharyan, and J. Clarke for
useful discussions. Financial support was provided by the Office of
Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-07-1-0774 (O.N., I.S.), UC
Berkeley Chancellor's Faculty Partnership Fund (I. S.), the Hellman
Family Faculty Fund (I.S.), the U.S.-Israel Binational Science
Foundation under Grant No. 2004033 (L.F., J.W.), and the U. S.
Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER41289 (J.W.).
NR 23
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 12
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 11
AR 117005
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.117005
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 348CN
UT WOS:000259188700055
PM 18851320
ER
PT J
AU Ray, GC
Hufford, GL
Krupnik, II
Overland, JE
AF Ray, G. Carleton
Hufford, Gary L.
Krupnik, Igor I.
Overland, James E.
TI Diminishing sea ice
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
ID BERING-SEA
C1 [Ray, G. Carleton] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Hufford, Gary L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA.
[Krupnik, Igor I.] Smithsonian Inst, Arctic Studies Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Ray, GC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 12
PY 2008
VL 321
IS 5895
BP 1443
EP 1444
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 347DW
UT WOS:000259121800015
PM 18787150
ER
PT J
AU Halpern, BS
Kappel, CV
Micheli, F
Selkoe, KA
D'Agrosa, C
Bruno, J
Casey, KS
Ebert, CM
Fox, HE
Fujita, R
Heinemann, D
Lenihan, HS
Madin, EMP
Perry, M
Selig, ER
Spalding, M
Steneck, R
Walbridge, S
Watson, R
AF Halpern, Benjamin S.
Kappel, Carrie V.
Micheli, Fiorenza
Selkoe, Kimberly A.
D'Agrosa, Caterina
Bruno, John
Casey, Kenneth S.
Ebert, Colin M.
Fox, Helen E.
Fujita, Rod
Heinemann, Dennis
Lenihan, Hunter S.
Madin, Elizabeth M. P.
Perry, Matt
Selig, Elizabeth R.
Spalding, Mark
Steneck, Robert
Walbridge, Shaun
Watson, Reg
TI Diminishing sea ice - Response
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Kappel, Carrie V.; Selkoe, Kimberly A.; Ebert, Colin M.; Perry, Matt; Walbridge, Shaun] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
[Micheli, Fiorenza] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
[D'Agrosa, Caterina] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Bruno, John] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Casey, Kenneth S.; Selig, Elizabeth R.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Fox, Helen E.] World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
[Fujita, Rod] Environm Def, Oakland, CA 94618 USA.
[Heinemann, Dennis] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC 20006 USA.
[Lenihan, Hunter S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Madin, Elizabeth M. P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Selig, Elizabeth R.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Spalding, Mark] Nature Conservancy, Conservat Strategies Div, Newmarket CB8 8AW, Suffolk, England.
[Steneck, Robert] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04353 USA.
[Watson, Reg] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Halpern, BS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
EM halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu
RI Kappel, Carrie/B-9534-2009; Fox, Helen/C-3543-2009; Casey,
Kenneth/D-4065-2013
OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 12
PY 2008
VL 321
IS 5895
BP 1444
EP 1445
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 347DW
UT WOS:000259121800016
ER
PT J
AU Selkoe, KA
Kappel, CV
Halpern, BS
Micheli, F
D'Agrosa, C
Bruno, J
Casey, KS
Ebert, C
Fox, HE
Fujita, R
Heinemann, D
Lenihan, HS
Madin, EMP
Perry, M
Selig, ER
Spalding, M
Steneck, R
Walbridge, S
Watson, R
AF Selkoe, Kimberly A.
Kappel, Carrie V.
Halpern, Benjamin S.
Micheli, Fiorenza
D'Agrosa, Caterina
Bruno, John
Casey, Kenneth S.
Ebert, Colin
Fox, Helen E.
Fujita, Rod
Heinemann, Dennis
Lenihan, Hunter S.
Madin, Elizabeth M. P.
Perry, Matt
Selig, Elizabeth R.
Spalding, Mark
Steneck, Robert
Walbridge, Shaun
Watson, Reg
TI Response to comment on "a global map of human impact on marine
ecosystems"
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Selkoe, Kimberly A.; Kappel, Carrie V.; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Ebert, Colin; Perry, Matt; Walbridge, Shaun] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
[Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
[Micheli, Fiorenza] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[D'Agrosa, Caterina] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
[Bruno, John] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Casey, Kenneth S.] NOAA, Natl Oceonog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Fox, Helen E.] World Wildlife Fund US, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
[Fujita, Rod] Environm Def Fund, Oakland, CA 94618 USA.
[Heinemann, Dennis] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC 20006 USA.
[Lenihan, Hunter S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Madin, Elizabeth M. P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Selig, Elizabeth R.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Spalding, Mark] Nature Conservancy, Global Sci Conservat Strategies Program, Newmarket CB8 8AW, Suffolk, England.
[Steneck, Robert] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04353 USA.
[Watson, Reg] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Selkoe, KA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
EM selkoe@nceas.ucsb.edu
RI Kappel, Carrie/B-9534-2009; Fox, Helen/C-3543-2009; Watson,
Reg/F-4850-2012; Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013
OI Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 70
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 12
PY 2008
VL 321
IS 5895
DI 10.1126/science.1158007
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 347DW
UT WOS:000259121800021
ER
PT J
AU Scott, A
Hacker, CA
Janes, DB
AF Scott, Adina
Hacker, Christina A.
Janes, David B.
TI In situ structural characterization of metal-molecule-silicon junctions
using backside infrared spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS;
ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; TRANSPORT JUNCTIONS;
SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; ATOM PENETRATION; SURFACES; ELECTRONICS; DEVICES
AB In-situ infrared spectroscopy of metallized aromatic Molecular monolayers directly bound to silicon has been performed. Monolayers of two nitro-containing species were characterized before metallization using transmission mode and following metallization using a p-polarized backside reflection technique. The vibrational signature of the molecular layer is not significantly altered after vapor-depositing gold using a soft evaporation technique; however, standard gold evaporation completely destroys the molecular signature. The time evolution of vibrational peaks associated with the molecular layer and surface silicon oxide species shows that the molecular layer is stable, but the silicon oxide evolves over time within the junction.
C1 [Scott, Adina; Janes, David B.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Scott, Adina; Janes, David B.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Hacker, Christina A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Scott, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 1205 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM scott26@purdue.edu
FU NSF [ECE0506802]; NASA URETI [NCC3-1363]
FX The authors thank Dmitry Zemlyanov for XPS measurements. Thank you to
Nadine Gergel-Hackett, Lee Richter, Curt Richter, Patrick Carpenter, and
Amy Walker for guidance and helpful discussions. This work is supported
by the NSF (ECE0506802) and NASA URETI (NCC3-1363). A.S. is supported by
an NSF graduate research fellowship.
NR 43
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD SEP 11
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 36
BP 14021
EP 14026
DI 10.1021/jp801715s
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 345EZ
UT WOS:000258980200036
ER
PT J
AU Huang, J
Golombek, A
Prinn, R
Weiss, R
Fraser, P
Simmonds, P
Dlugokencky, EJ
Hall, B
Elkins, J
Steele, P
Langenfelds, R
Krummel, P
Dutton, G
Porter, L
AF Huang, J.
Golombek, A.
Prinn, R.
Weiss, R.
Fraser, P.
Simmonds, P.
Dlugokencky, E. J.
Hall, B.
Elkins, J.
Steele, P.
Langenfelds, R.
Krummel, P.
Dutton, G.
Porter, L.
TI Estimation of regional emissions of nitrous oxide from 1997 to 2005
using multinetwork measurements, a chemical transport model, and an
inverse method
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; ASSIMILATED WINDS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY;
N2O; DISTRIBUTIONS; CIRCULATION; GASES
AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important ozone-depleting gas and greenhouse gas with multiple uncertain emission processes. Global nitrous oxide observations, the Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH) and an inverse method were used to optimally estimate N2O emissions from twelve source regions around the globe. MATCH was used with forecast center reanalysis winds at T62 resolution (192 longitude by 94 latitude surface grid, and 28 vertical levels) from 1 July 1996 to 30 June 2006. The average concentrations of N2O in the lowest four layers of the model were then compared with the monthly mean observations from four national/international networks measuring at 65 surface sites. A 12-month-running-mean smoother was applied to both the model results and the observations, due to the fact that the model was not able to reproduce the very small observed seasonal cycles. The inverse method was then used to solve for the time-averaged regional emissions of N2O for two time periods (1 January 1997 to 31 December 2001 and 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2005). The best estimate inversions assume that the model stratospheric destruction rates, which lead to a global N2O lifetime of 125 years, are correct. It also assumes normalized emission spatial distributions within each region from Bouwman et al. (1995). We conclude that global N2O emissions with 66% probability errors are 16.3(-1.2)(+1.5) and 15.4(-1.3)(+1.7) TgN (N2O) a(-1), for 1997-2001 and 2001-2005 respectively. Emissions from the equator to 30 degrees N increased significantly from the initial Bouwman et al. (1995) estimates while emissions from southern oceans (30 degrees S-90 degrees S) decreased significantly. The quoted uncertainties include both the measurement errors and modeling uncertainties estimated using a separate flexible 12-box model. We also found that 23 +/- 4% of the N2O global total emissions come from the ocean, which is slightly smaller than the Bouwman et al. (1995) estimate. For the estimation of emissions from the twelve model regions, we conclude that, relative to Bouwman et al. (1995), land emissions from South America, Africa, and China/Japan/South East Asia are larger, while land emissions from Australia/New Zealand are smaller. Our study also shows a shift of the oceanic sources from the extratropical to the tropical oceans relative to Bouwman et al. (1995). Between the periods 1997-2001 and 2002-2005, emissions increased in China/Japan/South East Asia, 0 degrees-30 degrees N oceans, and North West Asia and decreased in Australia/New Zealand, 30 degrees S-90 degrees S oceans, 30 degrees N-90 degrees N oceans, and Africa. The lower tropical ocean emissions in 1997-2001 relative to 2002-2005 could result from the effects of the 1997-1998 El Nino in the earlier period.
C1 [Huang, J.; Golombek, A.; Prinn, R.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Weiss, R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Fraser, P.; Steele, P.; Langenfelds, R.; Krummel, P.; Porter, L.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Aspendale, Vic, Australia.
[Simmonds, P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Dlugokencky, E. J.; Hall, B.; Elkins, J.; Dutton, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Huang, J (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Rm 54-1414,MIT 77 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM jhuang@mit.edu
RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Langenfelds,
Raymond/B-5381-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013
OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Department of
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA, United Kingdom);
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO,
Australia); Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
FX AGAGE support comes from the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) with important contributions also from the
Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA, United
Kingdom), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
(CSIRO, Australia), Bureau of Meteorology (Australia), and the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The NOAA Earth Systems
Research Laboratory supports the two GMD networks whose data are used
here. The Australian flask network is supported by CSIRO.
NR 47
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 4
U2 32
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 10
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D17
AR D17313
DI 10.1029/2007JD009381
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 348HA
UT WOS:000259200400004
ER
PT J
AU Lavelle, JW
Massoth, GJ
Baker, ET
de Ronde, CEJ
AF Lavelle, J. W.
Massoth, G. J.
Baker, E. T.
de Ronde, C. E. J.
TI Ocean current and temperature time series at Brothers volcano
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST AUCKLAND CURRENT; SOUTHERN KERMADEC ARC; NORTHERN NEW-ZEALAND;
TIDAL CURRENTS; FIEBERLING-GUYOT; INTERNAL TIDES; AXIAL VOLCANO; CAPE
CURRENT; PACIFIC; SEAMOUNT
AB Time series of currents and temperatures were acquired near surface and at depth on three moorings above Brothers volcano (34 degrees 52.25'S, 179 degrees 04'E), similar to 25 km west of the Kermadec Ridge and similar to 300 km northeast of the North Island, New Zealand, from September 2004 to May 2005. Ocean current time series were previously unavailable within 300 km of this site, and few such measurements exist anywhere near magmatically or hydrothermally active volcanoes such as Brothers. Energy in near surface currents (163-527 m depth) was primarily subtidal (64%). Subtidal motions to 527 m depth are shown to be reasonably well correlated with geostrophic currents derived from satellite sea level anomalies. Although the moorings were separated laterally by only 11 km, the upper current meters also recorded significant differences in M(2) tidal currents, indicating the presence of significant internal tides at this site. Below volcano summit depth ( 1220 m), the kinetic energy of currents was primarily tidal (54%). Longer period currents at depth evidenced the influence of volcano topography. Temperature time series showed a 3-month period of sharply decreased temperature that extended in depth from 163 m to at least 1260 m. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sea surface temperature data show colder surface water immediately above and north of Brothers over the same time period. These data together with the velocity records suggest an anomalous, deep, cold water mass arrived and lingered over Brothers for 3 months in the austral late spring and early summer of 2004-2005.
C1 [Lavelle, J. W.; Baker, E. T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Massoth, G. J.; de Ronde, C. E. J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
RP Lavelle, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM j.william.lavelle@noaa.gov
FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); NOAA's Vents; NOAA's Office
of Ocean Exploration; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and
Technology (FRST) [C05X0406]
FX We thank Ian Wright for Brothers bathymetry (Figure 1b); Graham Rickard
for offering insights about the regional flow; Roy Walters for tidal
coefficients from his barotropic tidal model of New Zealand waters; Hal
Mofjeld for essential tidal analysis routines; and Rick Miller for
discussions and calculations with regard to mooring stiffness. The
altimeter products were produced under the SSALTO/DUACS protocols and
distributed by the Aviso (Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of
Satellite Oceanographic data) group with support from the Centre
National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Our work was supported by NOAA's
Vents Program, by NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration, and by the New
Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) grant
C05X0406 to GNS Science. Data analyses and graphics were made with
Ferret. PMEL Contribution 2907.
NR 42
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP 10
PY 2008
VL 113
IS C9
AR C09018
DI 10.1029/2007JC004713
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 348HM
UT WOS:000259201600002
ER
PT J
AU Stolle, C
Manoj, C
Luhr, H
Maus, S
Alken, P
AF Stolle, C.
Manoj, C.
Luehr, H.
Maus, S.
Alken, P.
TI Estimating the daytime Equatorial Ionization Anomaly strength from
electric field proxies
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VERTICAL PLASMA DRIFTS; LATITUDE F-REGION; IONOSPHERE; ELECTRODYNAMICS;
SATELLITE; SYSTEM; MODEL
AB The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) is a significant feature of the low-latitude ionosphere. During daytime, the eastward electric field drives a vertical plasma fountain at the magnetic equator creating the EIA. Since the eastward electric field is also the driving force for the Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ), the latter is positively correlated with the EIA strength. We investigate the correlation between the zonal electric field and the EIA in the Peruvian sector and compare the results with correlations of the EEJ versus EIA strength. Analyzing 5 years of Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) electron density measurements, plasma drift readings from the Jicamarca Unattended Long-term Investigations of the Ionosphere and Atmosphere (JULIA) radar, and magnetic field observations at Huancayo and Piura, we find the EEJ strength and the zonal electric field to be suitable proxies for the EIA intensity. Both analyses reveal high correlation coefficients of cc > 0.8. A typical response time of the EIA to variations in the zonal electric field is similar to 1-2 h, and it is similar to 2-4 h after EEJ strength variations. Quantitative expressions are provided, which directly relate the EIA parameters to both proxies. From these relations, we infer that an EIA develops also during weak Counter Electrojets (CEJs), but no EIA forms when the vertical plasma drift is zero. For positive EEJ magnetic signatures to form, a minimum eastward electric field of 0.2 mV/m is required on average. The above-mentioned delay between EIA and EEJ variations of similar to 3 h is further confirmed by the investigation of the EIA response to transitions from CEJ to EEJ, e.g., during late morning hours.
C1 [Stolle, C.; Luehr, H.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
[Manoj, C.; Maus, S.; Alken, P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Manoj, C.; Maus, S.; Alken, P.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Manoj, C.] Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
RP Stolle, C (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, German Res Ctr Geosci, Sect 2-3 Earth Magnet Field, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
EM stolle@gfz-potsdam.de
RI Nair, Manoj/C-4813-2009
FU German Aerospace Center (DLR); Federal Ministry of Education (BMBF)
FX We would like to thank B. Fejer for helpful discussions on the subject.
The CHAMP mission is supported by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in
operation and by the Federal Ministry of Education (BMBF), as part of
the Geotechnology Program, in data processing. The operation of the
JULIA radar and provision of data by the Jicamarca observatory is
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 38
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD SEP 10
PY 2008
VL 113
IS A9
AR A09310
DI 10.1029/2007JA012781
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 348IH
UT WOS:000259203700001
ER
PT J
AU Tinte, S
Shirley, EL
AF Tinte, Silvia
Shirley, Eric L.
TI Vibrational effects on SrTiO3Ti 1s absorption spectra studied using
first-principles methods
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID SOFT PHONON MODES; CORE-HOLE; PBTIO3; PBZRO3
AB We analyze the vibrational effects on the Ti 1s excited states in cubic SrTiO3 and related pre-edge x-ray absorption fine structure using first-principles methods. Ground-state, total-energy and electron-core hole Bethe-Salpeter calculations are performed for different atomic configurations related to e(g)-symmetry distortions of SrTiO3. From these, we can obtain normal-mode gradients of the electronic excited-state energy, i.e., of the excited-state Born-Oppenheimer surface. This yields the corresponding electron-phonon coupling coefficients that allow us to predict the spectral broadening induced by those vibrational modes.
C1 [Tinte, Silvia] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Shirley, Eric L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tinte, S (reprint author), Inst Desarrollo Technol Ind Quim INTEC, Guemes 3450, RA-3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
NR 24
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
EI 1361-648X
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD SEP 10
PY 2008
VL 20
IS 36
AR 365221
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/36/365221
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 340AP
UT WOS:000258618700024
ER
PT J
AU Smith, TM
Sapiano, MRP
Arkin, PA
AF Smith, Thomas M.
Sapiano, Mathew R. P.
Arkin, Phillip A.
TI Historical reconstruction of monthly oceanic precipitation (1900-2006)
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; GLOBAL LAND
PRECIPITATION; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHM; RAINFALL;
GPCP; REANALYSIS; CIRCULATION
AB An oceanic precipitation reconstruction is developed and evaluated for periods extending back to as early as 1900. Large-scale monthly oceanic precipitation is reconstructed using the available network of historical gauge data fit to a set of large-scale covariance spatial modes based on modern analysis. The modern analysis is based on satellite microwave estimates merged with atmospheric reanalysis estimates. For 1900-2006, a monthly and 5 degrees spatial product is developed for reconstructing climate-scale (large-scale spatial and inter-seasonal and longer timescales) variation in pre-satellite periods. Advantages of this study include the use of a homogeneous satellite analysis for computing reconstruction statistics and improved tuning of the reconstruction methods. Cross-validation testing is used to show how much historical variance can be reconstructed with the available sampling. In addition, reconstructions are performed using several different gauge data sets to evaluate differences due to the choice of gauge data. Testing shows that that these improved methods produce reconstructions with useful skill in the tropics and Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. In the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes and in polar latitudes in both hemispheres, sampling is too sparse to yield much skill. The reconstruction is able to resolve large-scale modes of variation useful for some diagnostic studies of the 20th century. Reconstruction efforts will continue as improved satellite and atmospheric reanalyses become available.
C1 [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA NESDIS STAR SCSB, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sapiano, Mathew R. P.; Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NOAA NESDIS STAR SCSB, 4115 CSS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM tom.smith@noaa.gov
RI Sapiano, Mathew/F-4688-2010; Arkin, Phillip/F-5808-2010; Smith, Thomas
M./F-5626-2010
OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849
NR 52
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 9
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D17
AR D17115
DI 10.1029/2008JD009851
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 348GZ
UT WOS:000259200300005
ER
PT J
AU Schaefer, K
Collatz, GJ
Tans, P
Denning, AS
Baker, I
Berry, J
Prihodko, L
Suits, N
Philpott, A
AF Schaefer, Kevin
Collatz, G. James
Tans, Pieter
Denning, A. Scott
Baker, Ian
Berry, Joe
Prihodko, Lara
Suits, Neil
Philpott, Andrew
TI Combined Simple Biosphere/Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach terrestrial
carbon cycle model
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LONG-TERM; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SEASONAL
CYCLE; GLOBAL FIELDS; TALL TOWER; NDVI DATA
AB Biogeochemical models must include a broad variety of biological and physical processes to test our understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle and to predict ecosystem biomass and carbon fluxes. We combine the photosynthesis and biophysical calculations in the Simple Biosphere model, Version 2.5 (SiB2.5) with the biogeochemistry from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model to create SiBCASA, a hybrid capable of estimating terrestrial carbon fluxes and biomass from diurnal to decadal timescales. We add dynamic allocation of Gross Primary Productivity to the growth and maintenance of leaves, roots, and wood and explicit calculation of autotrophic respiration. We prescribe leaf biomass using Leaf Area Index (LAI) derived from remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Simulated carbon fluxes and biomass are consistent with observations at selected eddy covariance flux towers in the AmeriFlux network. Major sources of error include the steady state assumption for initial pool sizes, the input weather data, and biases in the LAI.
C1 [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Collatz, G. James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Tans, Pieter] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Denning, A. Scott; Baker, Ian; Prihodko, Lara] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Berry, Joe] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Suits, Neil] Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Billings, MT 59101 USA.
[Philpott, Andrew] Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA 16803 USA.
RP Schaefer, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org
RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011
OI Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG05GD15G,
NNX06AE65G, NNG05GF41G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
[NA07OAR4310115]
FX This research was funded by the National Research Council Research
Associateship Program in collaboration with Colorado State University
under National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant
NNG05GD15G, NASA grant NNX06AE65G, NASA subcontract NNG05GF41G, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grant NA07OAR4310115, and the
Carbon Science Group at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We thank
the AmeriFlux Principle Investigators for providing the flux
observations used in this study: P. Bakwin, B. Cook, K. Davis, M.
Goulden, D. Hollinger, T. Meyers, R. Teclaw, S. Verma, W. Wang, K.
Wilson, S. Wofsy, and C. Yi.
NR 50
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.
PD SEP 9
PY 2008
VL 113
IS G3
AR G03034
DI 10.1029/2007JG000603
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 348HH
UT WOS:000259201100001
ER
PT J
AU Yokoyama, S
Tada, T
Zhang, H
Britt, L
AF Yokoyama, Shozo
Tada, Takashi
Zhang, Huan
Britt, Lyle
TI Elucidation of phenotypic adaptations: Molecular analyses of dim-light
vision proteins in vertebrates
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE molecular adaptation; rhodopsin
ID AMINO-ACID SITES; VISUAL PIGMENTS; COLOR-VISION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS;
ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; POSITIVE SELECTION; COUPLED RECEPTOR; OPSIN GENES;
RHODOPSIN; ORDOVICIAN
AB Vertebrate ancestors appeared in a uniform, shallow water environment, but modern species flourish in highly variable niches. A striking array of phenotypes exhibited by contemporary animals is assumed to have evolved by accumulating a series of selectively advantageous mutations. However, the experimental test of such adaptive events at the molecular level is remarkably difficult. One testable phenotype, dim-light vision, is mediated by rhoclopsins. Here, we engineered 11 ancestral rhoclopsins and show that those in early ancestors absorbed light maximally (lambda(max)) at 500 nm, from which contemporary rhoclopsins with variable lambda S-max of 480-525 nm evolved on at least 18 separate occasions. These highly environment-specific adaptations seem to have occurred largely by amino acid replacements at 12 sites, and most of those at the remaining 191 (approximate to 94%) sites have undergone neutral evolution. The comparison between these results and those inferred by commonly-used parsimony and Bayesian methods demonstrates that statistical tests of positive selection can be misleading without experimental support and that the molecular basis of spectral tuning in rhoclopsins should be elucidated by mutagenesis analyses using ancestral pigments.
C1 [Yokoyama, Shozo] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Rollins Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
[Zhang, Huan] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
[Britt, Lyle] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Yokoyama, S (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Rollins Res Ctr, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM syokoya@emory.edu
FU National Institutes of Health and Emory University
FX We thank P. Dunham, J. Lucchesi, M. Nei, Y. Tao, R. Yokoyama, and two
anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, B.G. Hall for his
extensive editorial comments and many suggestions, N. Takenaka for her
considerable technical contribution to this research, and R. Crouch for
the 11-cis-retinal. This work was supported by the National Institutes
of Health and Emory University.
NR 39
TC 115
Z9 116
U1 3
U2 23
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD SEP 9
PY 2008
VL 105
IS 36
BP 13480
EP 13485
DI 10.1073/pnas.0802426105
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 349AR
UT WOS:000259251700055
PM 18768804
ER
PT J
AU Chiaramonti, AN
Schreiber, DK
Egelhoff, WF
Seidman, DN
Petford-Long, AK
AF Chiaramonti, A. N.
Schreiber, D. K.
Egelhoff, W. F.
Seidman, David N.
Petford-Long, A. K.
TI Effects of annealing on local composition and electrical transport
correlations in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; BARRIERS
AB The effects of annealing on the electrical transport behavior of CoFe/MgO/CoFe magnetic tunnel junctions have been studied using a combination of site-specific in situ transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom-probe tomography. Annealing leads to an increase in the resistance of the junctions. A shift in the conductance curve (dI/dV) minimum from 0 V for the as-grown specimen correlates with a sharply defined layer of CoFe oxide at the lower ferromagnetic interface. Annealing decreases the asymmetry in the conductance by making the interfaces more diffuse and the tunnel barrier more chemically homogeneous. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
C1 [Chiaramonti, A. N.; Schreiber, D. K.; Petford-Long, A. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Schreiber, D. K.; Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Egelhoff, W. F.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Atom Probe Tomog, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
RP Chiaramonti, AN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM chiaramonti@anl.gov
RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Chiaramonti, Ann/E-7459-2013; Petford-Long,
Amanda/P-6026-2014
OI Chiaramonti, Ann/0000-0001-9933-3267; Petford-Long,
Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090
FU Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX Argonne National Laboratory is operated under Contract No.
DE-AC02-06CH11357 by U. S. DOE. The electron microscopy was accomplished
in the Argonne National Laboratory Electron Microscopy Center for
Materials Research. The APT analyses were performed at the Northwestern
University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT). The
local-electrode atom-probe tomograph was purchased with funding from the
National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.
NR 18
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 8
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 10
AR 103113
DI 10.1063/1.2970964
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 356SD
UT WOS:000259797000087
ER
PT J
AU Hattrick-Simpers, JR
Hunter, D
Craciunescu, CM
Jang, KS
Murakami, M
Cullen, J
Wuttig, M
Takeuchi, I
Lofland, SE
Benderksy, L
Woo, N
Van Dover, RB
Takahashi, T
Furuya, Y
AF Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.
Hunter, Dwight
Craciunescu, Corneliu M.
Jang, Kyu Sung
Murakami, Makoto
Cullen, James
Wuttig, Manfred
Takeuchi, Ichiro
Lofland, Samuel E.
Benderksy, Leonid
Woo, Noble
Van Dover, Robert Bruce
Takahashi, Toshiya
Furuya, Yasubumi
TI Combinatorial investigation of magnetostriction in Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-Al
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; MAGNETOELASTICITY
AB A high-throughput high-sensitivity optical technique for measuring magnetostriction of thin-film composition-spread samples has been developed. It determines the magnetostriction by measuring the induced deflection of micromachined cantilever unimorph samples. Magnetostriction measurements have been performed on as-deposited Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-Al thin-film composition spreads. The thin-film Fe-Ga spreads display a similar compositional variation of magnetostriction as bulk. A previously undiscovered peak in magnetostriction at low Ga content was also observed and attributed to a maximum in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Magnetostrictive mapping of the Fe-Ga-Al ternary system reveals the possibility of substituting up to 8 at. % Al in Fe70Ga30 without significant degradation of magnetostriction. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
C1 [Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.; Hunter, Dwight; Craciunescu, Corneliu M.; Jang, Kyu Sung; Murakami, Makoto; Cullen, James; Wuttig, Manfred; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lofland, Samuel E.] Rowan Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA.
[Benderksy, Leonid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA.
[Woo, Noble; Van Dover, Robert Bruce] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Takahashi, Toshiya; Furuya, Yasubumi] Hirosaki Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan.
RP Hattrick-Simpers, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM jhsimper@nist.gov
RI Craciunescu, Corneliu/B-8890-2011; van Dover, Robert/B-6362-2011;
OI van Dover, Robert/0000-0002-6166-5650; Lofland,
Samuel/0000-0002-1024-5103
FU ONR-MURI [N000140610530, NSF DMR 0705368, ARO W911NF-07-1-0410]; MRSEC
[DMR 0520471]
FX This work was funded by the: ONR-MURI under Grant No. N000140610530, NSF
DMR 0705368, ARO W911NF-07-1-0410, and partially supported by the MRSEC
DMR 0520471.
NR 18
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 23
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 8
PY 2008
VL 93
IS 10
AR 102507
DI 10.1063/1.2980034
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 356SD
UT WOS:000259797000060
ER
PT J
AU Senadheera, L
Carl, EM
Ivancic, TM
Conradi, MS
Bowman, RC
Hwang, SJ
Udovic, TJ
AF Senadheera, Lasitha
Carl, Erik M.
Ivancic, Timothy M.
Conradi, Mark S.
Bowman, R. C., Jr.
Hwang, S. -J.
Udovic, Terrence J.
TI Molecular H-2 trapped in AlH3 solid
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrogen-storage materials; magnetic measurements; neutron scattering;
nuclear resonances
ID ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; HYDROGEN; NMR; DECOMPOSITION; STABILITIES; RELAXATION;
POLYMORPHS; PRESSURE; KINETICS; DEFECTS
AB Solid aluminum hydride, AlH3, has been proposed and studied for applications in hydrogen storage. In some samples, a comparatively narrow feature in the proton NMR spectrum is observed; we demonstrate here that this peak is due to molecular hydrogen (H-2) trapped within the solid, presumably from earlier processing procedures or partial decomposition. Static and magic-angle spinning NMR show that the responsible species is highly mobile, even at I I K. Neutron-energy-gain spectra obtained at 3.5 K yield a feature at or near the free-rotor H-2 energy difference between the J = 1 and J = 0 states. Both NMR and neutron scattering demonstrate ortho-para conversion at low temperatures. Similar NMR signatures in other hydrogen-storage solids such as NaAlH4 may also be due to trapped H-2. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Senadheera, Lasitha; Carl, Erik M.; Ivancic, Timothy M.; Conradi, Mark S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Bowman, R. C., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bowman, R. C., Jr.; Hwang, S. -J.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Conradi, MS (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
EM msc@wuphys.wustl.edu
FU DOE Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-05ER46256]; NSF MRSEC [DMR-0520565];
DOE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-AI-01-06EE11105]; BES [DE-FG02-98ER45701];
National Aeronautical and Space Administration
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge research support (at WU) from NSF
grant DMR-0400512 and (at WU and Caltech) from DOE Basic Energy Sciences
grant DE-FG02-05ER46256. The NMR facility (SH) at Caltech is supported
by NSF award 9724240 and partially by the NSF MRSEC program with award
DMR-0520565. This work was also partially supported by DOE through EERE
Grants No. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 (NIST) and DE-AI-01-06EE11105 (JPL) and
BES Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER45701 (NIST), and was partially performed at
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
a contract with the National Aeronautical and Space Administration. The
authors thank J.G. Kulleck for the X-ray diffraction and SEM
measurements at JPL. The sources of the samples are appreciated: J.
Reilly and J. Graetz at Brookhaven National Laboratory and X. Tang, D.
Mosher, and S. Opalka at UTRC.
NR 30
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 4
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD SEP 8
PY 2008
VL 463
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 5
DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.071
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 341EP
UT WOS:000258697300004
ER
PT J
AU Patkowski, K
Cencek, W
Jankowski, P
Szalewicz, K
Mehl, JB
Garberoglio, G
Harvey, AH
AF Patkowski, Konrad
Cencek, Wojciech
Jankowski, Piotr
Szalewicz, Krzysztof
Mehl, James B.
Garberoglio, Giovanni
Harvey, Allan H.
TI Potential energy surface for interactions between two hydrogen molecules
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; ADAPTED PERTURBATION-THEORY; AB-INITIO
CALCULATIONS; HIGH-ACCURACY CALCULATIONS; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION;
BASIS-SET EXTRAPOLATION; HELIUM DIMER; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; CORRELATED CALCULATIONS
AB Nonrelativistic clamped-nuclei energies of interaction between two ground-state hydrogen molecules with intramolecular distances fixed at their average value in the lowest rovibrational state have been computed. The calculations applied the supermolecular coupled-cluster method with single, double, and noniterative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] and very large orbital basis sets-up to augmented quintuple zeta size supplemented with bond functions. The same basis sets were used in symmetry-adapted perturbation theory calculations performed mainly for larger separations to provide an independent check of the supermolecular approach. The contributions beyond CCSD(T) were computed using the full configuration interaction method and basis sets up to augmented triple zeta plus midbond size. All the calculations were followed by extrapolations to complete basis set limits. For two representative points, calculations were also performed using basis sets with the cardinal number increased by one or two. For the same two points, we have also solved the Schrodinger equation directly using four-electron explicitly correlated Gaussian (ECG) functions. These additional calculations allowed us to estimate the uncertainty in the interaction energies used to fit the potential to be about 0.15 K or 0.3% at the minimum of the potential well. This accuracy is about an order of magnitude better than that achieved by earlier potentials for this system. For a near-minimum T-shaped configuration with the center-of-mass distance R=6.4 bohrs, the ECG calculations give the interaction energy of -56.91 +/- 0.06 K, whereas the orbital calculations in the basis set used for all the points give -56.96 +/- 0.16 K. The computed points were fitted by an analytic four-dimensional potential function. The uncertainties in the fit relative to the ab initio energies are almost always smaller than the estimated uncertainty in the latter energies. The global minimum of the fit is -57.12 K for the T-shaped configuration at R=6.34 bohrs. The fit was applied to compute the second virial coefficient using a path-integral Monte Carlo approach. The achieved agreement with experiment is substantially better than in any previous work. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
C1 [Patkowski, Konrad; Cencek, Wojciech; Szalewicz, Krzysztof] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Jankowski, Piotr] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Chem, Dept Quantum Chem, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
[Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trent, CNISM, I-38100 Trento, Italy.
[Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38100 Trento, Italy.
[Harvey, Allan H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Patkowski, K (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM patkowsk@udel.edu
RI Jankowski, Piotr/O-5874-2015;
OI Garberoglio, Giovanni/0000-0002-9201-2716
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [RA1341-07-SE3530,
RA1341-07-SE-3791]; NSF [CHE-0555979]
FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (Contract Nos. RA1341-07-SE3530 and RA1341-07-SE-3791) and by
NSF Grant No. CHE-0555979. The path-integral calculations of the second
virial coefficients were performed on the HPC facility Wiglaf at the
Physics Department of the University of Trento. We thank J. K. Johnson
and M. R. Moldover for facilitating the collaborations that made this
work possible.
NR 80
TC 68
Z9 68
U1 3
U2 18
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 7
PY 2008
VL 129
IS 9
AR 094304
DI 10.1063/1.2975220
PG 19
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 345DJ
UT WOS:000258976000011
PM 19044867
ER
PT J
AU Stukalin, EB
Douglas, JF
Freed, KF
AF Stukalin, Evgeny B.
Douglas, Jack F.
Freed, Karl F.
TI Multistep relaxation in equilibrium polymer solutions: A minimal model
of relaxation in "complex" fluids
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; LIQUID M-TOLUIDINE; GLASS-TRANSITION;
LIVING POLYMERS; WORMLIKE MICELLES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SEMIDILUTE
SOLUTIONS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS
AB We examine the rheological and dielectric properties of solutions of equilibrium self-assembling particles and molecules that form polydisperse chains whose average length depends on temperature and concentration (free association model). Relaxation of the self-assembling clusters proceeds by motions associated either with cluster rotations, with diffusive internal chain dynamics, or with interchain entanglement interactions. A hierarchy of models is used to emphasize different physical effects: Unentangled rodlike clusters, unentangled flexible polymers, and entangled chains. All models yield a multistep relaxation for low polymer scission rates ("persistent polymers"). The short time relaxation is nearly exponential and is dominated by the monomeric species and solvent, and the long time relaxation is approximately a stretched exponential, exp[-(t/tau)(beta)], a behavior that arises from an averaging over the equilibrium chain length distribution and the internal relaxation modes of the assembled structures. Relaxation functions indicate a bifurcation of the relaxation function into fast and slow contributions upon passing through the polymerization transition. The apparent activation energy for the long time relaxation becomes temperature dependent, while the fast monomeric relaxation process remains Arrhenius. The effective exponent beta(T), describing the long time relaxation process, varies monotonically from near unity above the polymerization temperature to a low temperature limit, beta similar or equal to 1/3, when the self-assembly process is complete. The variation in the relaxation function with temperature is represented as a function of molecular parameters, such as the average chain length, friction coefficient, solvent viscosity, and the reaction rates for particle association and dissociation. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
C1 [Stukalin, Evgeny B.; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stukalin, EB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM stukalin@uchicago.edu
RI Stukalin, Evgeny/C-3313-2008
NR 66
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 20
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 7
PY 2008
VL 129
IS 9
AR 094901
DI 10.1063/1.2976341
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 345DJ
UT WOS:000258976000032
PM 19044888
ER
PT J
AU Lebecki, KM
Donahue, MJ
Gutowski, MW
AF Lebecki, K. M.
Donahue, M. J.
Gutowski, M. W.
TI Periodic boundary conditions for demagnetization interactions in
micromagnetic simulations
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIZATION; FIELD; SYSTEMS; TENSOR
AB A new method for the introduction of periodic boundary conditions to the self-magnetostatic (demagnetization) term in micromagnetic simulations is described, using an Ewald-like summation method in real space. The long-range character of the dipolar interactions is included without any distance cut-offs. The accumulated errors are carefully monitored to provide easy control of the quality of the results. This allows the calculations to be either accurate up to floating point limitations or less precise when computational speed requirements dominate. This method is incorporated into a full micromagnetic program, and comparisons are made to analytic results.
C1 [Lebecki, K. M.; Gutowski, M. W.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland.
[Donahue, M. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lebecki, KM (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Al Lotnikow 32-46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland.
RI Gutowski, Marek/A-3943-2012
OI Gutowski, Marek/0000-0001-7906-6245
NR 25
TC 49
Z9 52
U1 2
U2 7
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3727
J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS
JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys.
PD SEP 7
PY 2008
VL 41
IS 17
AR 175005
DI 10.1088/0022-3727/41/17/175005
PG 10
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 340YI
UT WOS:000258680500022
ER
PT J
AU Hamilton, K
Ryan, SC
Ohfuchi, W
AF Hamilton, Kevin
Ryan, Steven C.
Ohfuchi, Wataru
TI Topographic effects on the solar semidiurnal surface tide simulated in a
very fine resolution general circulation model
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERE; PRESSURE; OSCILLATIONS; CLIMATE; MIDDLE; SEA
AB We present an examination of the solar tidal variation of surface pressure in integrations conducted with the Atmospheric GCM for the Earth Simulator (AFES) global general circulation model run at very fine resolution (roughly 10 km horizontal grid spacing and 96 numerical levels from the ground up to 0.1 hPa pressure). The basic features of the observed diurnal and semidiurnal surface pressure oscillations are reasonably well simulated by the model, although simulated amplitudes of the semidiurnal oscillation have an overall enhancement of about 25% over those observed, a deficiency which is reasonably attributed to the effects of the upper boundary condition in the model. The focus of our analysis is the local-/regional-scale modulation of the semidiurnal tidal oscillation in the tropics and subtropics associated with high and steep topography. The results show that the first-order effect of high topography is a reduction in the semidiurnal pressure amplitude with surface elevation, a feature that is consistent with our understanding of the semidiurnal tide as a vertically propagating inertia-gravity wave primarily excited in the ozone layer. We also find evidence in the model for systematically weak semidiurnal pressure amplitudes to the west of very high and steep topography, which is reasonably attributed to a shadowing effect of topography on the global-scale westward propagating tide. Support for these effects is presented in our analysis of previously published station observations of the semidiurnal pressure oscillation. In addition, we present new determinations of the semidiurnal pressure oscillation based on barometric data from a special array of nine sensors established on the island of Hawaii, representing an unprecedented sampling of surface tides over a large range of elevations in a relatively small geographical region. The results of the AFES simulations agree quite well with these new detailed observations in Hawaii.
C1 [Hamilton, Kevin] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Ohfuchi, Wataru] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Earth Simulator Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
[Ryan, Steven C.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
RP Hamilton, K (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM kph@hawaii.edu
FU NSF [ATM02-19120]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
FX This research was supported in part by NSF award ATM02-19120. This
research was also supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science
and Technology through its sponsorship of the International Pacific
Research Center. The model integrations were performed on the Earth
Simulator of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology.
NR 24
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 6
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D17
AR D17114
DI 10.1029/2008JD010115
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 345MK
UT WOS:000259000700006
ER
PT J
AU Molinari, RL
Garraffo, Z
Snowden, D
AF Molinari, Robert L.
Garraffo, Zulema
Snowden, Derrick
TI Differences between observed and a coupled simulation of North Atlantic
sea surface currents and temperature
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID AZORES CURRENT; SUBPOLAR GYRE; GULF-STREAM; EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION;
DECADAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN SIMULATION; SEASONAL CYCLE; CLIMATE MODELS;
CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION
AB North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) distributions derived from observations and a coupled model from NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, CM2.1, are compared to evaluate the model's ability to simulate recent (1900 to the present) oceanic surface characteristics. The North Atlantic focus will limit our analyses to spatial scales less than gyre, scales usually not addressed in previous model-observation comparisons. Identifying model differences from observations at these scales will assist modelers in identifying problems to be considered and remedies to be applied. The properties compared are the mean annual SST, standard deviation, amplitude of the annual and semiannual harmonic, decadal meridional movements of the axis of the Gulf Stream, propagation of SST anomalies along the axis of the Gulf Stream, and 100-year trends in SST records. Because of the dependence of SST on surface currents, observed flow from surface drifters and simulated flow from 15 m fields are also compared. The model simulates the large-scale properties of all the variables compared. However, there are areas of differences in some variables that can be related to inadequacies in the simulated current fields. For example, the model Gulf Stream (GS) axis after separation from the western boundary is located some 100 km north of the observed axis, which contributes to an area of warmer simulated SSTs. The absence of a slope current in the same region that advects colder water from the Labrador Sea in the observations also contributes to this area of higher model SSTs. The model North Atlantic Current (NAC) is located to the east of the observed NAC contributing to a large area of SST discrepancy. The patterns of the amplitude of the annual harmonic are similar with maximum amplitude off the east coast of northern North America. The semiannual harmonic exhibits relatively large amplitudes (> 1 degrees C) north of about 55 degrees N, a signal not found in the observations. In both the model and observations, a region of increased standard deviations encompasses the GS and NAC. The model simulates north-south migrations of the GS core but at a longer period ( 20 years) than observed. The model does not simulate the SST anomalies that propagate along the observed GS and NAC. The model captures both the spatial and temporal characteristics of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Both model and observations exhibit a dipole in trends, with positive trends in the subtropical Atlantic and negative trends in the subpolar gyre. The modeled region of negative trends is limited to the western subpolar Atlantic. The observed trends extend farther to the east.
C1 [Molinari, Robert L.; Garraffo, Zulema] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Molinari, Robert L.] Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
[Molinari, Robert L.; Snowden, Derrick] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA.
RP Molinari, RL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
EM bob.molinari@noaa.gov
OI Snowden, Derrick/0000-0002-2540-8630
FU Ants Leetmaa
FX The authors acknowledge the support for this work provided by Ants
Leetmaa during his tenure as NOAA's OAR Associate Director for Climate.
Comments by Sang-Ki Lee and two anonymous reviewers are also
appreciated.
NR 45
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP 5
PY 2008
VL 113
IS C9
AR C09011
DI 10.1029/2008JC004848
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 345NF
UT WOS:000259002800004
ER
PT J
AU Swart, S
Speich, S
Ansorge, IJ
Goni, GJ
Gladyshev, S
Lutjeharms, JRE
AF Swart, Sebastiaan
Speich, Sabrina
Ansorge, Isabelle J.
Goni, Gustavo J.
Gladyshev, Sergey
Lutjeharms, Johann R. E.
TI Transport and variability of the antarctic circumpolar current South of
Africa
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTER-OCEAN EXCHANGE; THERMOCLINE WATER; CONVEYOR BELT; CIRCULATION;
FRONTS; TOPEX/POSEIDON; TASMANIA; LEAKAGE; IMPACT; WARM
AB Data from five CTD and 18 XBT sections are used to estimate the baroclinic transport ( referenced to 2500 dbar) of the ACC south of Africa. Surface dynamic height is derived from XBT data by establishing an empirical relationship between vertically integrated temperature and surface dynamic height calculated from CTD data. This temperature-derived dynamic height data compare closely with dynamic heights calculated from CTD data ( average RMS difference = 0.05 dyn m). A second empirical relationship between surface dynamic height and cumulative baroclinic transport is defined, allowing us to study a more extensive time series of baroclinic transport derived from upper ocean temperature sections. From 18 XBT transects of the ACC, the average baroclinic transport, relative to 2500 dbar, is estimated at 90 +/- 2.4 Sv. This estimate is comparable to baroclinic transport values calculated from CTD data. We then extend the baroclinic transport time-series by applying an empirical relationship between dynamic height and cumulative baroclinic transport to weekly maps of absolute dynamic topography derived from satellite altimetry, between 14 October 1992 and 23 May 2007. The estimated mean baroclinic transport of the ACC, obtained this way, is 84.7 +/- 3.0 Sv. These transports agree well with simultaneous in-situ estimates ( RMS difference in net transport = 5.2 Sv). This suggests that sea level anomalies largely reflect baroclinic transport changes above 2500 dbar.
C1 [Swart, Sebastiaan; Ansorge, Isabelle J.; Lutjeharms, Johann R. E.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
[Gladyshev, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia.
[Goni, Gustavo J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Speich, Sabrina] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, IFREMER, Lab Phys Ocean, Brest, France.
RP Swart, S (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
EM sebastiaan.swart@uct.ac.za
RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Speich, Sabrina/L-3780-2014;
OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Speich, Sabrina/0000-0002-5452-8287;
Swart, Sebastiaan/0000-0002-2251-8826
FU South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP); Russian Academy of
Sciences [18.17.3]
FX The successful completion of the hydrographic surveys would not have
been possible without the invaluable assistance of the captains,
officers, crew, and scientists of the MV S. A. Agulhas and RV Akademik
Sergey Vavilov. We are grateful to Silvia Garzoli and NOAA/OCO for their
support to implement the XBT deployments in high-density mode, to Molly
Baringer and Qi Yao for their assistance in the quality control of the
data at NOAA/AOML, and to Steven Cook, Robert Roddy, Craig Engler, and
Jim Farrington for their logistics support with XBT deployments. S.
Swart especially thanks S. Speich for the support during a total of
eight months stay at the Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, UBO, France
and J.-F. Legeais for technical assistance. The work presented here is
supported by the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP) and
the Russian Academy of Sciences (Grant Meridian Plus # 18.17.3) through
the provision of funds and facilities. The authors also thank Dr A.
Sokov for his effort in helping implement this programme and the Alfred
Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research for the partial
provision of data used in this study. Lastly, we would like to thank
three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped improve the
manuscript.
NR 44
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP 5
PY 2008
VL 113
IS C9
AR C09014
DI 10.1029/2007JC004223
PG 24
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 345NF
UT WOS:000259002800001
ER
PT J
AU Kim, JH
Ji, S
Lee, SH
Lake, B
Yildirim, T
Nojiri, H
Kikuchi, H
Habicht, K
Qiu, Y
Kiefer, K
AF Kim, J. -H.
Ji, S.
Lee, S. -H.
Lake, B.
Yildirim, T.
Nojiri, H.
Kikuchi, H.
Habicht, K.
Qiu, Y.
Kiefer, K.
TI External magnetic field effects on a distorted kagome antiferromagnet
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM-SPIN-LIQUID; STATE
AB We report bulk magnetization, and elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements under an external magnetic field H on the weakly coupled distorted kagome system, Cu-2(OD)(3)Cl. Our results show that the ordered state below 6.7 K is a canted antiferromagnet and consists of large antiferromagnetic ac components and smaller ferromagnetic b components. By first-principles calculations and linear spin wave analysis, we present a simple spin Hamiltonian with nonuniform nearest neighbor exchange interactions resulting in a system of coupled spin trimers with a single-ion anisotropy that can qualitatively reproduce the spin dynamics of Cu-2(OD)(3)Cl.
C1 [Kim, J. -H.; Ji, S.; Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Ji, S.; Yildirim, T.; Qiu, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lake, B.; Kiefer, K.] Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
[Lake, B.] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
[Nojiri, H.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9800821, Japan.
[Kikuchi, H.] Univ Fukui, Dept Appl Phys, Fukui 9108507, Japan.
RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010; Nojiri,
Hiroyuki/B-3688-2011; Kiefer, Klaus/J-3544-2013; Habicht,
Klaus/K-3636-2013;
OI Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103; Kiefer, Klaus/0000-0002-5178-0495;
Habicht, Klaus/0000-0002-9915-7221; Lake, Bella/0000-0003-0034-0964
FU U. S. DOE [DE-FG02-07ER45384]; U. S. NSF [DMR-0454672]; Japan
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research [1905200]
FX We thank A. B. Harris, S. Nagler, T. J. Sato, Y. B. Kim, and M. Kofu for
helpful discussion. Activities at the Univ. of Virginia, NIST, and the
Univ. of Fukui are supported by the U. S. DOE through DE-FG02-07ER45384,
the U. S. NSF through DMR-0454672, and Japan Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research on Priority Areas No. 1905200, respectively.
NR 16
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 5
PY 2008
VL 101
IS 10
AR 107201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.107201
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 345DB
UT WOS:000258975100057
PM 18851251
ER
PT J
AU Herzing, AA
Kiely, CJ
Carley, AF
Landon, P
Hutchings, GJ
AF Herzing, Andrew A.
Kiely, Christopher J.
Carley, Albert F.
Landon, Philip
Hutchings, Graham J.
TI Identification of active gold nanoclusters on iron oxide supports for CO
oxidation
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; NANOPARTICLES; OXYGEN; TIO2(110); CHEMISTRY;
CLUSTERS; TITANIA
AB Gold nanocrystals absorbed on metal oxides have exceptional properties in oxidation catalysis, including the oxidation of carbon monoxide at ambient temperatures, but the identification of the active catalytic gold species among the many present on real catalysts is challenging. We have used aberration- corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy to analyze several iron oxide- supported catalyst samples, ranging from those with little or no activity to others with high activities. High catalytic activity for carbon monoxide oxidation is correlated with the presence of bilayer clusters that are similar to 0.5 nanometer in diameter and contain only similar to 10 gold atoms. The activity of these bilayer clusters is consistent with that demonstrated previously with the use of model catalyst systems.
C1 [Herzing, Andrew A.; Kiely, Christopher J.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[Herzing, Andrew A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Carley, Albert F.; Landon, Philip; Hutchings, Graham J.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Catalysis Inst Sch Chem, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
RP Kiely, CJ (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, 5 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
EM chk5@lehigh.edu; hutch@cardiff.ac.uk
RI Carley, Albert/A-7372-2010; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Tong,
Sherry/C-4462-2015
FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; NSF; NASA,; National
Research Council Postdoctoral Associate
FX We thank the Athena project of the Engineering and Physical Sciences
Research Council, NSF, NASA, and the National Research Council
Postdoctoral Associate program for funding this work.
NR 28
TC 827
Z9 829
U1 85
U2 579
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 5
PY 2008
VL 321
IS 5894
BP 1331
EP 1335
DI 10.1126/science.1159639
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 344GG
UT WOS:000258914300043
PM 18772433
ER
PT J
AU Huang, Y
Ramaswamy, V
AF Huang, Yi
Ramaswamy, V.
TI Observed and simulated seasonal co-variations of outgoing longwave
radiation spectrum and surface temperature
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; FEEDBACK PROCESSES; CLOUD FEEDBACK;
VARIABILITY; SATELLITE
AB We analyze the seasonal variations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) accompanying the variations in sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite observations and model simulations, focusing on the tropical oceans where the two quantities are strikingly anti-correlated. A spectral perspective of this "super-greenhouse effect'' is provided, which demonstrates the roles of water vapor line and continuum absorptions at different altitudes and the influences due to clouds. A model-satellite comparison indicates that the GFDL General Circulation Model can fairly well represent the total-sky radiative response to SST in the water vapor infrared absorption band despite the significant bias in the mean state, but this comprises compensating water vapor-and cloud-related errors. The analysis also reveals that the GCM significantly underestimates the cloud induced radiative responses in the window region which arises from the model bias in the mean cloud forcing in convectively active regions. Thus, spectral decomposition proves essential to understand and assess the OLR-SST relationship and the impacts of water vapor and cloud upon this linkage.
C1 [Huang, Yi] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM yi.huang@noaa.gov
RI Huang, Yi/A-9387-2008; Huang, Yi/E-9479-2016
OI Huang, Yi/0000-0002-5065-4198
FU NASA [NNX06AF75H]
FX Yi Huang is supported by NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship, grant
NNX06AF75H. We thank Leo Donner, Xianglei Huang, Yuk Yung, and two
anonymous reviewers whose helpful comments and suggestions have greatly
improved the paper.
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 4
PY 2008
VL 35
IS 17
AR L17803
DI 10.1029/2008GL034859
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 345LY
UT WOS:000258999500002
ER
PT J
AU Meirink, JF
Bergamaschi, P
Frankenberg, C
d'Amelio, MTS
Dlugokencky, EJ
Gatti, LV
Houweling, S
Miller, JB
Rockmann, T
Villani, MG
Krol, MC
AF Meirink, Jan Fokke
Bergamaschi, Peter
Frankenberg, Christian
d'Amelio, Monica T. S.
Dlugokencky, Edward J.
Gatti, Luciana V.
Houweling, Sander
Miller, John B.
Roeckmann, Thomas
Villani, M. Gabriella
Krol, Maarten C.
TI Four-dimensional variational data assimilation for inverse modeling of
atmospheric methane emissions: Analysis of SCIAMACHY observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHEMISTRY; TM5; CH4
AB Recent observations from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) instrument aboard ENVISAT have brought new insights in the global distribution of atmospheric methane. In particular, the observations showed higher methane concentrations in the tropics than previously assumed. Here, we analyze the SCIAMACHY observations and their implications for emission estimates in detail using a four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system. We focus on the period September to November 2003 and on the South American continent, for which the satellite observations showed the largest deviations from model simulations. In this set-up the advantages of the 4D-Var approach and the zooming capability of the underlying TM5 atmospheric transport model are fully exploited. After application of a latitude-dependent bias correction to the SCIAMACHY observations, the assimilation system is able to accurately fit those observations, while retaining consistency with a network of surface methane measurements. The main emission increments resulting from the inversion are an increase in the tropics, a decrease in South Asia, and a decrease at northern hemispheric high latitudes. The SCIAMACHY observations yield considerable additional emission uncertainty reduction, particularly in the (sub-)tropical regions, which are poorly constrained by the surface network. For tropical South America, the inversion suggests more than a doubling of emissions compared to the a priori during the 3 months considered. Extensive sensitivity experiments, in which key assumptions of the inversion set-up are varied, show that this finding is robust. Independent airborne observations in the Amazon basin support the presence of considerable local methane sources. However, these observations also indicate that emissions from eastern South America may be smaller than estimated from SCIAMACHY observations. In this respect it must be realized that the bias correction applied to the satellite observations does not take into account potential regional systematic errors, which - if identified in the future - will lead to shifts in the overall distribution of emission estimates.
C1 [Meirink, Jan Fokke; Houweling, Sander; Roeckmann, Thomas; Krol, Maarten C.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Bergamaschi, Peter; Villani, M. Gabriella] Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, IES CCU, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy.
[d'Amelio, Monica T. S.; Gatti, Luciana V.] IPEN, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
[Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Miller, John B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Frankenberg, Christian; Houweling, Sander; Krol, Maarten C.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Krol, Maarten C.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
RP Meirink, JF (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Climate Observat Dept, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands.
EM meirink@knmi.nl; peter.bergamaschi@jrc.it; c.frankenberg@sron.nl;
ed.dlugokencky@noaa.gov; lvgatti@net.ipen.br; s.houweling@sron.nl;
john.b.miller@noaa.gov; t.roeckmann@phys.uu.nl;
maria-gabriella.villani@jrc.it; m.c.krol@phys.uu.nl
RI Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Rockmann,
Thomas/F-4479-2015; Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012; Frankenberg,
Christian/A-2944-2013
OI Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; Frankenberg,
Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857
FU European Commission [SIP4-CT-2004-516099]; NASA [S-10137, S-71307]
FX Jan Fokke Meirink was supported by the NWO project IMEAS (project
EO-087). Peter Bergamaschi was supported by the European Commission RTD
project GEMS (Global and regional Earth-system (atmosphere) monitoring
using satellite and in-situ data), contract SIP4-CT-2004-516099, 6th
Framework Programme. Computer facilities were provided by the Dutch NCF
(Nationale Computerfaciliteiten). We thank NOAA-ESRL for providing
CarbonTracker data. SAN and MAN air samples were collected as part of
the Brazilian-led large-scale biosphere-atmosphere experiment in
Amazonia (LBA), and funded from NASA interagency agreements S-10137 and
S-71307.
NR 27
TC 51
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 4
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D17
AR D17301
DI 10.1029/2007JD009740
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 345MG
UT WOS:000259000300002
ER
PT J
AU Yao, C
Yang, S
Qian, WH
Lin, ZM
Wen, M
AF Yao, Cai
Yang, Song
Qian, Weihong
Lin, Zhengmin
Wen, Min
TI Regional summer precipitation events in Asia and their changes in the
past decades
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; 500 HPA HEIGHT; CLIMATE
VARIATIONS; EAST-ASIA; CHINA; MONSOON; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; TRENDS
AB A recently derived data set of daily precipitation is used to study the summer precipitation events over Asia and their changes in the decades of 1978-2002. Regional features of the precipitation over entire tropical-subtropical Asia are investigated, exploiting the increased resolution and improved accuracy of the data set relative to other estimates. The changes in precipitation amount and precipitation days for total, extreme, heavy, and light-moderate precipitations are examined. Although the Asian summer monsoon precipitation falls mostly in the form of light-moderate rainfalls, regions of relatively frequent extreme precipitation events are found over South Asia and East-Southeast Asia. These regions are separated by a narrow zone over the Indo-China peninsula, along 100 degrees E, where extreme precipitation rarely occurs. During the period examined, the amount of total precipitation and light-moderate precipitation exhibits positive trends over southeastern and northwestern China, separated by negative trends over central China and southwestern and northeastern Asia. This sandwich-like pattern, which also appears in the fields of precipitation days and soil moisture content, is associated with the enhanced water vapor supply related to the strengthened monsoon flow over southeastern China and the anomalous easterlies over northwestern China. It is also associated with the decreased water vapor supply linked to the weakened monsoon flows over southern-southwestern Asia and central China and to the anomalous northerly flow over northeastern Asia. Over the entire tropical-subtropical Asia, the largest changes in precipitation, atmospheric circulation, and water vapor transport occur over southern China. On the other hand, the changes over India are much smaller.
C1 [Yao, Cai; Qian, Weihong] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Monsoon & Environm Res Grp, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Lin, Zhengmin] Guangxi Meteorol Bur, Inst Meteorol Disaster Reduct, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, Peoples R China.
[Wen, Min] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Yao, C (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Monsoon & Environm Res Grp, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM gxyaocai@126.com
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [90711003, 90502001]; NBRP
of China [GYHY20070605, 2006CB403602]; China Meteorological
Administration [CMATG2008M49]
FX This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (90711003 and 90502001), the NBRP of China
(GYHY20070605 and 2006CB403602), and the China Meteorological
Administration (CMATG2008M49). John Fasullo, L. Ruby Leung, and three
anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that improved the
overall quality of the paper. John Fasullo has also improved the
language usage and overall readability of the manuscript.
NR 54
TC 56
Z9 70
U1 1
U2 20
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 4
PY 2008
VL 113
IS D17
AR D17107
DI 10.1029/2007JD009603
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 345MG
UT WOS:000259000300001
ER
PT J
AU Suarez, IJ
Rubio-Retama, J
Sierra-Martin, B
Nieves, FJDL
Mecerreyes, D
Lopez-Cabarcos, E
Marquez, M
Fernandez-Barbero, A
AF Suarez, Ivan J.
Rubio-Retama, Jorge
Sierra-Martin, Benjamin
Nieves, F. Javier de las
Mecerreyes, David
Lopez-Cabarcos, Enrique
Marquez, Manuel
Fernandez-Barbero, Antonio
TI Ion-specific and reversible wetting of imidazolium-based minigels
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMER GELS; LIQUID; MICROGELS; BATTERIES; KINETICS; SALTS; CELLS;
WATER
AB Cross-linked imidazolium-based [poly(ViEtIm(+)Br(-))] microparticles were synthesized, and their wetting, properties were Studied by optical microscopy, after addition of aqueous Solutions of sodium halides. Particle wetting showed ion specificity due to counterion binding, described by Desnoyer's model. The interaction between anions and the microparticles allowed exchanging halogenides between them in a reversible way. A salt-independent characteristic wetting time was found as well as a decreasing power law with salt concentration, for the network diffusion coefficient. It modified the polymer network elasticity as ion concentration increased, making the network softer.
C1 [Suarez, Ivan J.; Sierra-Martin, Benjamin; Nieves, F. Javier de las; Fernandez-Barbero, Antonio] Univ Almeria, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Complex Fluids Phys, Almeria 04120, Spain.
[Rubio-Retama, Jorge] Leibniz Inst Polymer Res Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
[Mecerreyes, David] CIDETEC, San Sebastian 20009, Spain.
[Lopez-Cabarcos, Enrique] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Pharmaceut Chem Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
[Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Fernandez-Barbero, A (reprint author), Univ Almeria, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Complex Fluids Phys, Almeria 04120, Spain.
EM afernand@ual.es
RI Suarez, Ivan/B-9022-2011; Umlauf, Ursula/D-3356-2014; Mecerreyes,
David/K-7541-2014; Rubio-Retama, Jorge/L-4262-2014; Lopez Cabarcos,
Enrique /L-5802-2014;
OI Suarez, Ivan/0000-0002-6327-2914; Mecerreyes, David/0000-0002-0788-7156;
Rubio-Retama, Jorge/0000-0002-1785-5844; Lopez Cabarcos, Enrique
/0000-0003-2939-4130; de las Nieves Lopez, Francisco
Javier/0000-0003-1128-6123
FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) [MAT2006-13646-C03-02]; Junta
de Andalucia under "Excellence Project" [FQM-02353]; WEST Group; Ramon
Areces Foundation
FX This work was supported by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain)
under project MAT2006-13646-C03-02 and Junta de Andalucia under
"Excellence Project": FQM-02353. I.J.S. is thankful for a fellowship
from the WEST Group. J.R.-R. thanks the Ramon Areces Foundation for a
postdoc fellowship.
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD SEP 4
PY 2008
VL 112
IS 35
BP 10815
EP 10820
DI 10.1021/jp802761y
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 342RD
UT WOS:000258800300011
PM 18683969
ER
PT J
AU Mamontov, E
Cole, DR
Dai, S
Pawel, MD
Liang, CD
Jenkins, T
Gasparovic, G
Kintzel, E
AF Mamontov, E.
Cole, D. R.
Dai, S.
Pawel, M. D.
Liang, C. D.
Jenkins, T.
Gasparovic, G.
Kintzel, E.
TI Dynamics of water in LiCl and CaCl2 aqueous solutions confined in silica
matrices: A backscattering neutron spectroscopy study
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE water; confinement; dynamics; neutron scattering
ID STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; SOL-GEL MODIFICATION; HYDRATION-WATER;
SUPERCOOLED WATER; PROTON DYNAMICS; IONIC SOLUTION; POROUS SILICA;
SCATTERING; TIO2; SURFACE
AB Backscattering neutron spectroscopy was used to probe the dynamics of water molecules in LiCl and CaCl2 aqueous solutions confined in 2.7, 1.9, and 1.4 nm diameter pores of various silica matrices. The pore size of 2.7 nm was found to be sufficiently large for the confined liquids to exhibit characteristic traits of bulk behavior, such as a freezing-melting transition and a phase separation. On the other hand, none of the fluids in the 1.4 nm pores exhibited a clear freezing-melting transition; instead, their dynamics at low temperatures gradually became too slow for the nanosecond resolution of the experiment. The greatest suppression of water mobility was observed in the CaCl2 solutions, which suggests that cation charge and perhaps the cation hydration environment have a profound influence on the dynamics of the water molecules. Quasielastic neutron scattering measurements of pure H2O and 1 m LiCl-H2O solution confined in 1.9 nm pores revealed a dynamic transition in both liquids at practically the same temperature of 225-226 K, even though the dynamics of the solution at room temperature appeared to slow down by more than an order of magnitude compared to the pure water. The observation of the dynamic transition in the solution suggests that this transition may be a universal feature of water governed by processes acting on the local scale, such as a change in the hydrogen bonding. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mamontov, E.; Kintzel, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Cole, D. R.; Dai, S.; Liang, C. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Pawel, M. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Jenkins, T.; Gasparovic, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jenkins, T.; Gasparovic, G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM mainontove@ornl.gov
RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Pawel,
Michelle/Q-2729-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015
OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Pawel,
Michelle/0000-0003-0244-6703; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Laboratory Directed Research
and Development Program [32112192]; DOE's Office of Basic Energy
Sciences,; Division of Chemical Sciences; Geosciences and Biosciences;
US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725]
FX The authors are thankful to M. Zamponi and J. Rosenqvist for critical
reading of the manuscript. This work utilized NCNR neutron scattering
facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The synthesis and characterization of the
porous silicates were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the
Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US
Department of Energy. This work was sponsored in part by the Laboratory
Directed Research and Development Program (project 32112192) and by
DOE's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences and Biosciences. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is
managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725. Cetain commerical equipment,
instruments, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to
foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation
or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are
necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 50
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 2
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-0104
J9 CHEM PHYS
JI Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 3
PY 2008
VL 352
IS 1-3
BP 117
EP 124
DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.05.019
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 351YY
UT WOS:000259463200015
ER
PT J
AU Liu, Y
Her, JH
Dailly, A
Ramirez-Cuesta, AJ
Neumann, DA
Brown, CM
AF Liu, Yun
Her, Jae-Hyuk
Dailly, Anne
Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.
Neumann, Dan A.
Brown, Craig M.
TI Reversible structural transition in MIL-53 with large temperature
hysteresis
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; TEREPHTHALATE MIL-53; HYDROGEN STORAGE; CO2
ADSORPTION; DIFFRACTION; HYDRATION
AB The metal-organic framework, MIL-53, can have a structural transition from an open-pored to a closed-pored structure by adsorbing different guest molecules. The aid of guest molecules is believed to be necessary to initiate this "breathing" effect. Using both neutron powder diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering techniques, we find that MIL-53 exhibits a reversible structural transition between an open-pored and a closed-pored structure as a function of temperature without the presence of any guest molecules. Surprisingly, this structural transition shows a significant temperature hysteresis: the transition from the open-pored to closed-pored structure occurs at approximately 125 to 150 K, while the transition from the closed-pored to open-pored structure occurs around 325 to 375 K. To our knowledge, this is first observation of such a large temperature hysteresis of a structural transition in metal-organic frameworks. We also note that the transition from the open to closed structure at low temperature shows very slow kinetics. An ab initio computer simulation is employed to investigate the possible mechanism of the transition.
C1 [Liu, Yun; Her, Jae-Hyuk; Neumann, Dan A.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Liu, Yun; Her, Jae-Hyuk] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Dailly, Anne] Gen Motors Corp, Chem & Environm Sci Lab, Warren, MI USA.
[Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM yunliu@nist.gov; craig.brown@nist.gov
RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009;
Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/A-4296-2010
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown,
Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/0000-0003-1231-0068
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy
FX The authors thank J. Ledo and S. Slifer for experimental assistance, M.
A. Green for useful discussion, and Dr. Keith Refson at the Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory. This work was partially supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence.
NR 28
TC 195
Z9 195
U1 11
U2 88
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 3
PY 2008
VL 130
IS 35
BP 11813
EP 11818
DI 10.1021/ja803669w
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 342NY
UT WOS:000258792000050
PM 18693731
ER
PT J
AU Tan, KT
Vogt, BD
White, CC
Steffens, KL
Goldman, J
Satija, SK
Clerici, C
Hunston, DL
AF Tan, Kar Tean
Vogt, Bryan D.
White, Christopher C.
Steffens, Kristen L.
Goldman, Joshua
Satija, Sushil K.
Clerici, Cyril
Hunston, Donald L.
TI On the origins of sudden adhesion loss at a critical relative humidity:
Examination of bulk and interfacial contributions
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMER-FILMS; JOINTS; MOISTURE; DURABILITY; SORPTION; ENVIRONMENTS;
DEGRADATION; COATINGS; STRESSES; GROWTH
AB The origins for abrupt adhesion loss at a critical relative humidity (RH) for polymeric adhesives bonded to inorganic Surfaces have been explored using a model poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film on glass. The interfacial and bulk water concentrations within the polymer film as a function of D2O partial pressure were quantified using neutron reflectivity. Adhesion strength of these PMMA/SiO2 interfaces under the same conditions was quantified using a shaft loaded blister test. A drop in adhesion strength was observed at a critical RH, and at this same RH, a discontinuity in the bulk moisture concentration occurred. The moisture concentration near the interface was higher than that in the bulk PMMA, and at the critical RH, the breadth of the interfacial water concentration distribution as a function of distance from the SiO2/PMMA interface increased dramatically. We propose a mechanism for loss of adhesion at a critical RH based upon the interplay between bulk swelling induced stress and weakening of the interfacial bond by moisture accumulation at the PMMA/SiO2 interface.
C1 [Tan, Kar Tean; White, Christopher C.; Goldman, Joshua; Clerici, Cyril; Hunston, Donald L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Steffens, Kristen L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Satija, Sushil K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tan, KT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kar.tan@nist.gov; bryan.vogt@asu.edu
RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012
OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145
FU National Science Foundation [ENG-0653989]
FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron
research facilities used in this work. B.D.V. acknowledges partial
support from the National Science Foundation (ENG-0653989).
NR 27
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD SEP 2
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 17
BP 9189
EP 9193
DI 10.1021/la800632r
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 341NV
UT WOS:000258722100002
PM 18683955
ER
PT J
AU Perkins, BG
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Perkins, Bradford G., Jr.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Stereodynamics in state-resolved scattering at the gas-liquid interface
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE alignment; impulsive scattering; liquid surface; orientation;
trapping-desorption
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; DIRECT INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CO2 SCATTERING;
CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; COLLISIONS; ALIGNMENT; AG(111); SURFACE; ENERGY; NO
AB Stereodynamics at the gas-liquid interface provides insight into the important physical interactions that directly influence heterogeneous chemistry at the surface and within the bulk liquid. We investigate molecular beam scattering Of CO2 from a liquid perfluoropolyether (PFPE) surface in vacuum [incident energy E-inc = 10.6(8) kcal/mol, incident angle theta(inc) = 60 degrees] to specifically reveal rotational angular-momentum directions for scattered molecules. Experimentally, internal quantum state populations and M-J distributions are probed by high-resolution polarization-modulated infrared laser spectroscopy. Analysis of J-state populations reveals dual-channel scattering dynamics characterized by a two-temperature Boltzmann distribution for trapping-desorption and impulsive scattering. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations of CO2 + fluorinated self-assembled monolayers have been used to model CO2 + PFPE dynamics. Experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations reveal highly oriented CO2 distributions that preferentially scatter with "top spin" as a strongly increasing function of J state.
C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@jila.colorado.edu
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation
FX We acknowledge Emilio Martinez-Nunez and William L. Hase for their help
and intellectual generosity with the molecular dynamics simulations. We
thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financial support
as well as the National Science Foundation for funding of the diode
laser spectrometer.
NR 29
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 11
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD SEP 2
PY 2008
VL 105
IS 35
BP 12684
EP 12689
DI 10.1073/pnas.0800401105
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 350HJ
UT WOS:000259343000014
PM 18678907
ER
PT J
AU Simien, D
Fagan, JA
Luo, W
Douglas, JF
Migler, K
Obrzut, J
AF Simien, Daneesh
Fagan, Jeffrey A.
Luo, Wei
Douglas, Jack F.
Migler, Kalman
Obrzut, Jan
TI Influence of nanotube length on the optical and conductivity properties
of thin single-wall carbon nanotube networks
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon nanotubes; buckypaper; percolation; 2D networks; conductivity;
optical properties
ID PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; TRANSPARENT; SYSTEMS; JUNCTIONS
AB We study the optical and electrical properties of transparent conducting films made from length-sorted single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Thin films of length-sorted SWCNTs, formed through filtration from a dispersing solvent onto a filter substrate ("buckypaper"), exhibit sharp changes in their optical properties and conductivity (a) with increasing SWCNT surface concentration. At a given surface concentration, tubes longer than 200 nm are found to form networks that are more transparent and conducting. We show that changes of a with SWCNT concentration can be quantitatively described by the generalized effective medium (GEM) theory. The scaling universal exponents describing the "percolation" transition from an insulating to a conducting state with increasing concentration are consistent with the two-dimensional (2D) percolation model. Shorter tubes and mixed length tubes form 3D networks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the conductivity percolation threshold (x(c)) varies with the aspect ratio L as, x(c) similar to 1/L, a result that is also in accordance with the percolation theory. These findings provide a framework for engineering the optical and electrical properties of SWCNT networks for technological applications where flexibility, transparency, and conductivity are required.
C1 [Simien, Daneesh; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Luo, Wei; Douglas, Jack F.; Migler, Kalman; Obrzut, Jan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jan.obrzut@nist.gov
OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712
FU NIST
FX We thank Thuy Chastek for help in SEM imaging. W.L. acknowledges support
from the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program.
NR 33
TC 89
Z9 89
U1 9
U2 61
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD SEP
PY 2008
VL 2
IS 9
BP 1879
EP 1884
DI 10.1021/nn800376x
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 351UB
UT WOS:000259450300021
PM 19206428
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, CE
AF Campbell, C. E.
TI Assessment of the diffusion mobilites in the gamma ' and B2 phases in
the Ni-Al-Cr system
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Multicomponent diffusion; Ni-Al-Cr; Nickel aluminides; Nickel alloys;
CALPHAD
ID SELF-DIFFUSION; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; INTERDIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS;
INTRINSIC DIFFUSION; TRACER DIFFUSION; NUMERICAL TREATMENT; CYCLIC
OXIDATION; MCRALY COATINGS; BOND COAT; NI3AL
AB This work presents the assessment of the diffusion mobilities in both the gamma' (Ni3Al-L1(2)) and B2 (NiAl) phases in the Ni-Al-Cr system utilizing the phenomenological model developed by Helander and Agren. Available experimental tracer diffusivity, interdiffusion coefficients and activation energies were evaluated and then used to optimize the composition- and temperature-dependent diffusion mobilities. For both the B2 and gamma' phases, the assessed diffusion mobility descriptions reproduce the Arrhenius temperature dependence for the Ni, Al and Cr tracer diffusivities and interdiffusion coefficients. The assessment reproduces the strong composition dependence of the diffusivities in the B2 phase observed experimentally. The measured composition dependences of the diffusivities in the gamma' phase are also replicated by the present mobility descriptions. The assessed mobility descriptions are validated by comparing calculated and measured composition profiles for a variety of Ni-Al and Ni-Al-Cr diffusion couples, including B2/B2, gamma (fcc)/gamma' and gamma/B2 couples. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Campbell, CE (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Carelyn.campbell@nist.gov
NR 71
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 45
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD SEP
PY 2008
VL 56
IS 16
BP 4277
EP 4290
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.061
PG 14
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 358PZ
UT WOS:000259931300015
ER
EF