FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Park, TJ Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Yoon, WS Misewich, JA Wong, SS AF Park, Tae-Jin Sambasivan, Sharadha Fischer, Daniel A. Yoon, Won-Sub Misewich, James A. Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Electronic structure and chemistry of iron-based metal oxide nanostructured materials: A NEXAFS investigation of BiFeO3, Bi2Fe4O9, alpha-Fe2O3, gamma-Fe2O3, and Fe/Fe3O4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; 3D TRANSITION-METALS; ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; OXIDATION-STATE; FINE-STRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; EDGES; NANOTUBES; CRYSTAL AB We present a systematic and detailed near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) experimental investigation of the electronic structure and chemistry of iron-based metal oxide nanostructured (FeMONS) materials including BiFeO3, Bi2Fe4O9, alpha-Fe2O3, gamma-Fe2O3, and Fe/Fe3O4: Correlations of the electronic structure and structural chemistry of these intriguing nanomaterials are presented, ranging from the nano to the bulk scale. In this work, variations in the shape, position, and intensity of the O K-edge and Fe L-edge NEXAFS spectra have been analyzed in terms of electronic structure and surface chemistry of the FeMONS materials as compared with that of the bulk. We hypothesize that surface imperfection and surface strain anisotropies in nanoparticles induce distortion and site inequivalency of the oxygen O-h sites around the Fe ion located close to the surface, resulting in an increase in the degree of multiplicity as well as in nonstoichiometric effects in FeMONS materials. C1 [Sambasivan, Sharadha; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Park, Tae-Jin; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sambasivan, Sharadha] Suffolk Community Coll, Dept Chem, Selden, NY 11784 USA. [Yoon, Won-Sub] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Misewich, James A.; Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sambasivan, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. EM sharadha@bnl.gov; dfischer@nist.gov; sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 42 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 28 BP 10359 EP 10369 DI 10.1021/jp801449p PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 324TP UT WOS:000257542600005 ER PT J AU Usanova, ME Mann, IR Rae, IJ Kale, ZC Angelopoulos, V Bonnell, JW Glassmeier, KH Auster, HU Singer, HJ AF Usanova, M. E. Mann, I. R. Rae, I. J. Kale, Z. C. Angelopoulos, V. Bonnell, J. W. Glassmeier, K. -H. Auster, H. U. Singer, H. J. TI Multipoint observations of magnetospheric compression-related EMIC Pc1 waves by THEMIS and CARISMA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; DENSITY; INSTABILITIES; PULSATIONS AB Following a long interval (many days) of sustained very quiet geomagnetic conditions, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave activity was seen by the CARISMA array (www.carisma.ca) on the ground for several hours simultaneously with enhanced solar wind density and related magnetic compression seen at GOES 12 on 29th June 2007. The THEMIS C, D, and E satellites were outbound in a "string-of-pearls" configuration and each observed EMIC waves on L-shells ranging from 5 to 6.5. THEMIS resolved some of the spatial-temporal ambiguity and defined the radial extent of EMIC activity to be similar to 1.3 Re. The band-limited EMIC waves were seen slightly further out in radial distance by each subsequent THEMIS satellite, but in each case were bounded at high-L by a decrease in density as monitored by spacecraft potential. The EMIC wave activity appears to be confined to a region of higher plasma density in the vicinity of the plasmapause, as verified by ground-based cross-phase analysis. The structured EMIC waves seen at THEMIS E and on the ground have the same repetition period, in contradiction to expectations from the bouncing wave packet hypothesis. Compression-related EMIC waves are usually thought to be preferentially confined to higher L's than observed here. Our observations suggest solar wind density enhancements may also play a role in the excitation of radially localised EMIC waves near the plasmapause. C1 [Usanova, M. E.; Mann, I. R.; Rae, I. J.; Kale, Z. C.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bonnell, J. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glassmeier, K. -H.; Auster, H. U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Usanova, ME (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. EM musanova@phys.ualberta.ca RI Rae, Jonathan/D-8132-2013 NR 26 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 17 AR L17S25 DI 10.1029/2008GL034458 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 328KN UT WOS:000257797400002 ER PT J AU Stalick, JK Bendersky, LA Waterstrat, RM AF Stalick, J. K. Bendersky, L. A. Waterstrat, R. M. TI One-dimensional disorder in Zr(9)M(11) (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) and low-temperature atomic mobility in Zr(9)Ni(11) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; LOCAL-MODE; ZIRCONIUM; Y9CO7; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DIFFRACTION; RESISTIVITY; THERMOPOWER; TRANSITION AB The Zr(9)M(11) structure type (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and powder neutron diffraction in the temperature range 4-1273 K. The crystal structures are tetragonal, P4/m, Z = 2, with a = 9.882(1) angstrom, c = 6.6089(5) angstrom for M = Ni, a = 10.313(1) angstrom, c = 6.9405(5) angstrom for M = Pd, and a 10.356(1) angstrom, c = 6.913(1) angstrom for M = Pt at room temperature. At 1273 K the structure of Zr(9)Ni(11) is body-centered I4/m. These materials have a host periodic structure, which is derived from the B2 structure type by insertion of anti-site M atoms, with structurally disordered one-dimensional chains of Zr and M atoms that are only weakly correlated with each other. For Zr(9)Ni(11), it was found that additional M (Ni) atoms are inserted in these chains to give a composition of Zr(9)Ni(11+delta) (delta approximate to 0.4). The diffuse scattering from the chains results in two-dimensional sheets of intensity in reciprocal space with translations which are in general incommensurate with the translations of the host lattice. These chains form within open channels along the tetragonal fourfold axes, and the atoms within the chains are apparently mobile over short distances at temperatures down to 4 K. C1 [Stalick, J. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bendersky, L. A.; Waterstrat, R. M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stalick, JK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 16 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 28 AR 285209 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/28/285209 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 319QJ UT WOS:000257178500019 ER PT J AU Veres, P Roberts, JM Warneke, C Welsh-Bon, D Zahniser, M Herndon, S Fall, R de Gouw, J AF Veres, Patrick Roberts, James M. Warneke, Carsten Welsh-Bon, Daniel Zahniser, Mark Herndon, Scott Fall, Ray de Gouw, Joost TI Development of negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS) for the measurement of gas-phase organic acids in the atmosphere SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE organic acid; chemical ionization; acetate ion; atmospheric measurement; proton transfer ID DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PARTICULATE PHASE; ACETIC-ACIDS; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS AB We have developed a negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS) technique for on-line analysis of gaseous organic and inorganic acids. In this detection scheme, acetate ions (CH3C(O)O-) react very selectively with atmospheric trace acids, by proton transfer, to produce unique product ion species. We tested this ion chemistry for 11 species of which only four showed measurable fragmentation. We investigated both the time response of the inlet and humidity dependence for both formic acid and pyruvic acid measurements. A formic acid calibration was performed and found a sensitivity of 21 +/- 43 counts per second per pptv. Formic acid measurements made during two separate informal ambient air intercomparisons: (1) with a quantum cascade IR laser absorption system (QCL) and (2) a proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) show good agreement validating this measurement technique. The measurements of the NI-PT-CIMS and PTR-MS agree to within 5% with a high degree of correlation (r(2) > 0.93). We have found the NI-PT-CIMS detection limit for formic acid is approximately 80-90 pptv for a 1 s integration period, and is currently limited by the formate background in the instrument. The fast time response and high sensitivity of the NI-PT-CIMS method make it a promising technique for the measurement of organic acids in ambient conditions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Veres, Patrick; Welsh-Bon, Daniel; Fall, Ray] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zahniser, Mark; Herndon, Scott] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Warneke, Carsten; Fall, Ray; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, Patrick; Roberts, James M.; Warneke, Carsten; Welsh-Bon, Daniel; de Gouw, Joost] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Veres, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM patrick.veres@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 29 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 10 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2008.04.032 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 324QS UT WOS:000257533700007 ER PT J AU Reif, JS Fair, PA Adams, J Joseph, B Kilpatrick, DS Sanchez, R Goldstein, JD Townsend, FI McCulloch, SD Mazzoil, M Zolman, ES Hansen, LJ Bossart, GD AF Reif, John S. Fair, Patricia A. Adams, Jeffrey Joseph, Brian Kilpatrick, David S. Sanchez, Roberto Goldstein, Juli D. Townsend, Forrest I., Jr. McCulloch, Stephen D. Mazzoil, Marilyn Zolman, Eric S. Hansen, Larry J. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Evaluation and comparison of the health status of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, and Charleston, South Carolina SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; RISK ASSESSMENT; LOBOMYCOSIS; COAST; USA AB Objective-To conduct health assessments and compare outcomes in 2 populations of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins. Design-Repeated cross-sectional study. Animals-171 Atlantic bottlenose dolphins. Procedures-During June and August of 2003 through 2005, 89 dolphins from the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, and 82 dolphins from estuarine waters near Charleston, SC, were evaluated. A panel of 5 marine mammal veterinarians classified dolphins as clinically normal, possibly diseased, or definitely diseased on the basis of results of physical and ultrasonographic examinations, hematologic and serum biochemical analyses, and cytologic and microbiologic evaluations of gastric contents and swab specimens. Results-Prevalence of dolphins classified as definitely diseased did not differ significantly between the IRL (32%) and Charleston (20%) sites. Proportions of dolphins classified as possibly diseased also did not differ. Lobomycosis was diagnosed in 9 dolphins from the IRL but in none of the dolphins from Charleston. Proportions of dolphins with orogenital papillomas did not differ significantly between the IRL (12%) and Charleston (7%) sites. From 2003 through 2005, the proportion classified as definitely diseased tripled among dolphins from the Charleston site but did not increase significantly among dolphins from the IRL. Dolphins from the Charleston site were more likely to have leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, and low serum concentrations of total protein and total gamma-globulins than were dolphins from the IRL. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-High prevalences of diseased dolphins were identified at both sites; however, the host or environmental factors that contributed to the various abnormalities detected are unknown. C1 [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reif, John S.; Kilpatrick, David S.; Goldstein, Juli D.; McCulloch, Stephen D.; Mazzoil, Marilyn; Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.; Adams, Jeffrey; Zolman, Eric S.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Bionlolecular Res, Charleston, SC 29142 USA. [Joseph, Brian] Living Exhibits Inc, Escondido, CA 92025 USA. [Sanchez, Roberto] Dolphin Discovery, Quintana Roo, Cancun, Mexico. [Townsend, Forrest I., Jr.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Hansen, Larry J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28526 USA. RP Reif, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 2 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.2460/javma.233.2.299 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 323LA UT WOS:000257446400035 PM 18627240 ER PT J AU Motayed, A Davydov, AV Mohammad, SN Melngailis, J AF Motayed, Abhishek Davydov, Albert V. Mohammad, S. N. Melngailis, John TI Experimental investigation of electron transport properties of gallium nitride nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAN NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; SINGLE GAN; GROWTH; CONTACTS AB We report transport properties of gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires grown using direct reaction of ammonia and gallium vapor. Reliable devices, such as four-terminal resistivity measuring structures and field-effect transistors, were realized by dielectrophoretically aligning the nanowires on an oxidized silicon substrate and subsequently applying standard microfabrication techniques. Room-temperature resistivity in the range of (1.0-6.2) x 10(-2) ohm cm was obtained for the nanowires with diameters ranging from 200 to 90 nm. Temperature-dependent resistivity and mobility measurements indicated the possible sources for the n-type conductivity and high background charge carrier concentration in these nanowires. Specific contact resistance in the range of 5.0 x 10(-5) ohm cm(2) was extracted for Ti/Al/Ti/Au metal contacts to GaN nanowires. Significant reduction in the activation energy of the dopants at low temperatures (< 200 K) was observed in the temperature-dependent resistivity measurement of these nanowires, which is linked to the onset of degeneracy. Temperature-dependent field-effect mobility measurements indicated that the ionized impurity scattering is the dominant mechanism in these nanowires at all temperatures. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mohammad, S. N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Melngailis, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 2 AR 024302 DI 10.1063/1.2952035 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 333TH UT WOS:000258174800101 ER PT J AU Yi, YW Robinson, HG Knappe, S Maclennan, JE Jones, CD Zhu, C Clark, NA Kitching, J AF Yi, Y. W. Robinson, H. G. Knappe, S. Maclennan, J. E. Jones, C. D. Zhu, C. Clark, N. A. Kitching, J. TI Method for characterizing self-assembled monolayers as antirelaxation wall coatings for alkali vapor cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; SILICA SURFACES; RESONANCE CELLS; COATED CELL; OCTADECYLTRICHLOROSILANE; RELAXATION; WETTABILITY; TEMPERATURE; LIGHT; FILM AB We describe a method for characterizing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in terms of their performance as antirelaxation wall coatings for alkali atom vapor cells. A combination of initial surface analysis and subsequent laser spectroscopy is used to provide insight into the quality of the coating, as well as its performance under the exposure to alkalis as it occurs, for example, when used in applications such as atomic magnetometers or clocks. Fused silica plates coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane SAMs were used to make cubic (87)Rb gas cells. The surface was characterized by x-ray diffraction, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy. Measurements of hyperfine resonance linewidths and frequency shifts show that the rubidium vapor atoms collide up to 40 times with the walls of the cells before their coherence relaxes and their adsorption energy is around 0.065 eV. Chemical analysis of the cell indicates some weak reactions between the coating and the rubidium atoms. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Robinson, H. G.; Knappe, S.; Kitching, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yi, Y. W.; Maclennan, J. E.; Jones, C. D.; Zhu, C.; Clark, N. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kitching, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joseph.maclennan@colorado.edu RI Clark, Noel/E-9011-2010; Maclennan, Joseph/A-9836-2013; Yi, Youngwoo/B-1262-2010 OI Yi, Youngwoo/0000-0001-6455-4449 NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 2 AR 023534 DI 10.1063/1.2958329 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 333TH UT WOS:000258174800048 ER PT J AU Biasutti, M Held, IM Sobel, AH Giannini, A AF Biasutti, M. Held, I. M. Sobel, A. H. Giannini, A. TI SST forcings and Sahel rainfall variability in simulations of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; AFRICAN MONSOON; WEST-AFRICA; EL-NINO; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATOLOGY; DROUGHT; REGIONS AB The outlook for Sahel precipitation in coupled simulations of the twenty-first century is very uncertain, with different models disagreeing even on the sign of the trends. Such disagreement is especially surprising in light of the robust response of the same coupled models to the twentieth-century forcings. This study presents a statistical analysis of the preindustrial, twentieth-century and twenty-first-century A1B scenario simulations in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3) dataset; it shows that the relationship that links Sahel rainfall anomalies to tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies at interannual time scales in observations is reproduced by most models, independently of the change in the basic state as the world warms. The same SST-Sahel relationship can be used to predict the simulated twentieth-century changes in Sahel rainfall from each model's simulation of changes in Indo-Pacific SST and Atlantic SST meridional gradient, although the prediction overestimates the simulated trends. Conversely, such a relationship does not explain the rainfall trend in the twenty-first century in a majority of models. These results are consistent with there being, in most models, a substantial direct positive effect of atmospheric greenhouse gases on Sahel rainfall, not mediated through SST. C1 [Biasutti, M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10968 USA. [Held, I. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Giannini, A.] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. RP Biasutti, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W,POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10968 USA. EM biasutti@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Giannini, Alessandra/H-4403-2013; Biasutti, Michela/G-3804-2012; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015; Giannini, Alessandra/F-7163-2016 OI Biasutti, Michela/0000-0001-6681-1533; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567; Giannini, Alessandra/0000-0001-5425-4995 NR 28 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 14 BP 3471 EP 3486 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1896.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330UT UT WOS:000257969000005 ER PT J AU Soden, BJ Held, IM Colman, R Shell, KM Kiehl, JT Shields, CA AF Soden, Brian J. Held, Isaac M. Colman, Robert Shell, Karen M. Kiehl, Jeffrey T. Shields, Christine A. TI Quantifying climate feedbacks using radiative kernels SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLOUD FEEDBACK; ATMOSPHERE AB The extent to which the climate will change due to an external forcing depends largely on radiative feedbacks, which act to amplify or damp the surface temperature response. There are a variety of issues that complicate the analysis of radiative feedbacks in global climate models, resulting in some confusion regarding their strengths and distributions. In this paper, the authors present a method for quantifying climate feedbacks based on "radiative kernels" that describe the differential response of the top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes to incremental changes in the feedback variables. The use of radiative kernels enables one to decompose the feedback into one factor that depends on the radiative transfer algorithm and the unperturbed climate state and a second factor that arises from the climate response of the feedback variables. Such decomposition facilitates an understanding of the spatial characteristics of the feedbacks and the causes of intermodel differences. This technique provides a simple and accurate way to compare feedbacks across different models using a consistent methodology. Cloud feedbacks cannot be evaluated directly from a cloud radiative kernel because of strong nonlinearities, but they can be estimated from the change in cloud forcing and the difference between the full-sky and clear-sky kernels. The authors construct maps to illustrate the regional structure of the feedbacks and compare results obtained using three different model kernels to demonstrate the robustness of the methodology. The results confirm that models typically generate globally averaged cloud feedbacks that are substantially positive or near neutral, unlike the change in cloud forcing itself, which is as often negative as positive. C1 [Soden, Brian J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Colman, Robert] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Shell, Karen M.; Kiehl, Jeffrey T.; Shields, Christine A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Soden, BJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bsoden@rsmas.miami.edu RI Shell, Karen/C-5161-2009 OI Shell, Karen/0000-0002-9059-6842 NR 17 TC 224 Z9 228 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 14 BP 3504 EP 3520 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2110.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330UT UT WOS:000257969000007 ER PT J AU Kang, SM Held, IM Frierson, DMW Zhao, M AF Kang, Sarah M. Held, Isaac M. Frierson, Dargan M. W. Zhao, Ming TI The response of the ITCZ to extratropical thermal forcing: Idealized slab-ocean experiments with a GCM SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; EQUATOR AB Using a comprehensive atmospheric GCM coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean, experiments are performed to study the mechanism by which displacements of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) are forced from the extratropics. The northern extratropics are cooled and the southern extratropics are warmed by an imposed cross-equatorial flux beneath the mixed layer, forcing a southward shift in the ITCZ. The ITCZ displacement can be understood in terms of the degree of compensation between the imposed oceanic flux and the resulting response in the atmospheric energy transport in the tropics. The magnitude of the ITCZ displacement is very sensitive to a parameter in the convection scheme that limits the entrainment into convective plumes. The change in the convection scheme affects the extratropical-tropical interactions in the model primarily by modifying the cloud response. The results raise the possibility that the response of tropical precipitation to extratropical thermal forcing, important for a variety of problems in climate dynamics (such as the response of the tropics to the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during glacial maxima or to variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation), may be strongly dependent on cloud feedback. The model configuration described here is suggested as a useful benchmark helping to quantify extratropical-tropical interactions in atmospheric models. C1 [Kang, Sarah M.; Zhao, Ming] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Frierson, Dargan M. W.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kang, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM skang@princeton.edu RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644; NR 18 TC 172 Z9 174 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 14 BP 3521 EP 3532 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2146.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330UT UT WOS:000257969000008 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Knutson, TR AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Knutson, Thomas R. TI On estimates of historical north Atlantic tropical cyclone activity SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; PART I; INTENSITY; SIMULATION; SENSITIVITY; ENVIRONMENT; FREQUENCY; INCREASE AB In this study, an estimate of the expected number of Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) that were missed by the observing system in the presatellite era ( between 1878 and 1965) is developed. The significance of trends in both number and duration since 1878 is assessed and these results are related to estimated changes in sea surface temperature (SST) over the "main development region" ("MDR"). The sensitivity of the estimate of missed TCs to underlying assumptions is examined. According to the base case adjustment used in this study, the annual number of TCs has exhibited multidecadal variability that has strongly covaried with multidecadal variations in MDR SST, as has been noted previously. However, the linear trend in TC counts (1878-2006) is notably smaller than the linear trend in MDR SST, when both time series are normalized to have the same variance in their 5-yr running mean series. Using the base case adjustment for missed TCs leads to an 1878-2006 trend in the number of TCs that is weakly positive, though not statistically significant, with p similar to 0.2. The estimated trend for 1900-2006 is highly significant (+ similar to 4.2 storms century(-1)) according to the results of this study. The 1900-2006 trend is strongly influenced by a minimum in 1910-30, perhaps artificially enhancing significance, whereas the 1878-2006 trend depends critically on high values in the late 1800s, where uncertainties are larger than during the 1900s. The trend in average TC duration (1878-2006) is negative and highly significant. Thus, the evidence for a significant increase in Atlantic storm activity over the most recent 125 yr is mixed, even though MDR SST has warmed significantly. The decreasing duration result is unexpected and merits additional exploration; duration statistics are more uncertain than those of storm counts. As TC formation, development, and track depend on a number of environmental factors, of which regional SST is only one, much work remains to be done to clarify the relationship between anthropogenic climate warming, the large-scale tropical environment, and Atlantic TC activity. C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Knutson, Thomas R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,US Rte 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X NR 46 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 14 BP 3580 EP 3600 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2178.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330UT UT WOS:000257969000012 ER PT J AU Brioude, J Cammas, JP Cooper, OR Nedelec, P AF Brioude, J. Cammas, J. -P. Cooper, O. R. Nedelec, P. TI Characterization of the composition, structure, and seasonal variation of the mixing layer above the extratropical tropopause as revealed by MOZAIC measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; LAGRANGIAN-BASED ANALYSIS; TRACE GAS-COMPOSITION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; AIRBORNE PROGRAM; MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES; 15-YEAR CLIMATOLOGY; CARBON-MONOXIDE AB The chemical composition of the mixing layer above the tropopause, which is mainly influenced by stratosphere troposphere exchange, impacts the chemistry and radiative balance of the troposphere. A better understanding of its seasonal and spatial variation is needed to reduce uncertainties of global chemistry-transport models. In this paper, we use the Measurements of Ozone, Water Vapour, Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Monoxide by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) ozone and carbon monoxide data from 2003. The five MOZAIC aircraft fly daily between Europe and North America and between Europe and Asia, at 9-12 km crossing the tropopause when transecting upper level troughs. We present a new coordinate system consisting of potential vorticity on the y axis and the angle between the local PV surface and the horizontal on the x axis to study the mixing that occurs in the tropopause region. This coordinate system allows us to view the typical distribution of ozone and CO within upper level troughs. Using in situ measurements and a Lagrangian analysis, we have identified a mixing layer associated with stirring and mixing in the tropopause region between 2 and 6 pvu. Regional variations of the ozone and CO distributions and chemical anomalies between the center and the borders of the upper level troughs are found within the mixing layer. C1 [Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cammas, J. -P.; Nedelec, P.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, Lab Aerol, UMR5560, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brioude, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jerome.brioude@noaa.gov RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013 NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 113 AR D00B01 DI 10.1029/2007JD009184 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328KZ UT WOS:000257798600001 ER PT J AU Lupton, J Lilley, M Butterfield, D Evans, L Embley, R Massoth, G Christenson, B Nakamura, K Schmidt, M AF Lupton, John Lilley, Marvin Butterfield, David Evans, Leigh Embley, Robert Massoth, Gary Christenson, Bruce Nakamura, Ko-ichi Schmidt, Mark TI Venting of a separate CO2-rich gas phase from submarine arc volcanoes: Examples from the Mariana and Tonga-Kermadec arcs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TROUGH BACKARC BASIN; DE-FUCA RIDGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER; SOLUBILITY; HELIUM; ATMOSPHERES; FLUIDS; SEAWATER; PRESSURES AB [1] Submersible dives on 22 active submarine volcanoes on the Mariana and Tonga-Kermadec arcs have discovered systems on six of these volcanoes that, in addition to discharging hot vent fluid, are also venting a separate CO2-rich phase either in the form of gas bubbles or liquid CO2 droplets. One of the most impressive is the Champagne vent site on NW Eifuku in the northern Mariana Arc, which is discharging cold droplets of liquid CO2 at an estimated rate of 23 mol CO2/s, about 0.1% of the global mid-ocean ridge ( MOR) carbon flux. Three other Mariana Arc submarine volcanoes ( NW Rota-1, Nikko, and Daikoku), and two volcanoes on the TongaKermadec Arc ( Giggenbach and Volcano- 1) also have vent fields discharging CO2- rich gas bubbles. The vent fluids at these volcanoes have very high CO2 concentrations and elevated C/(3) He and delta(13) C ( CO2) ratios compared to MOR systems, indicating a contribution to the carbon flux from subducted marine carbonates and organic material. Analysis of the CO2 concentrations shows that most of the fluids are undersaturated with CO2. This deviation from equilibrium would not be expected for pressure release degassing of an ascending fluid saturated with CO2. Mechanisms to produce a separate CO2- rich gas phase at the seafloor require direct injection of magmatic CO2- rich gas. The ascending CO2- rich gas could then partially dissolve into seawater circulating within the volcano edifice without reaching equilibrium. Alternatively, an ascending hightemperature, CO2- rich aqueous fluid could boil to produce a CO2- rich gas phase and a CO2- depleted liquid. These findings indicate that carbon fluxes from submarine arcs may be higher than previously estimated, and that experiments to estimate carbon fluxes at submarine arc volcanoes are merited. Hydrothermal sites such as these with a separate gas phase are valuable natural laboratories for studying the effects of high CO2 concentrations on marine ecosystems. C1 [Lupton, John; Embley, Robert] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. [Lilley, Marvin] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Butterfield, David] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Evans, Leigh] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97635 USA. [Massoth, Gary; Christenson, Bruce] Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt 31312, New Zealand. [Nakamura, Ko-ichi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. [Schmidt, Mark] Univ Kiel, Inst Geosci, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. RP Lupton, J (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR USA. EM john.e.lupton@noaa.gov RI Schmidt, Mark/B-5230-2016; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08S12 DI 10.1029/2007JB005467 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 328LY UT WOS:000257801100001 ER PT J AU Cooper, ER Siewicki, TC Phillips, K AF Cooper, Emily R. Siewicki, Thomas C. Phillips, Karl TI Preliminary risk assessment database and risk ranking of pharmaceuticals in the environment SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE pharmaceutical; risk assessment; environment; database ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; TREATMENT PLANTS; TOXICITY; FISH; IDENTIFICATION; CIPROFLOXACIN AB There is increasing concern about pharmaceuticals entering surface waters and the impacts these compounds may have on aquatic organisms. Many contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, are not completely removed by wastewater treatment. Discharge of effluent into surface waters results in chronic low-concentration exposure of aquatic organisms to these compounds, with unknown impacts. Exposure of virulent bacteria in wastewater to antibiotic residues may also induce resistance, which could threaten human health. The purpose of this study was to provide information on pharmaceutical threats to the environment. A preliminary risk assessment database for common pharmaceuticals was created and put into a web-accessible database named "Pharmaceuticals in the Environment, Information for Assessing Risk" (PEIAR) to help others evaluate potential risks of pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment. Information from PEIAR was used to prioritize compounds that may threaten the environment, with a focus on marine and estuarine environments. The pharmaceuticals were ranked using five different combinations of physical-chemical and toxicological data, which emphasized different risks. The results of the ranking methods differed in the compounds identified as high risk; however, drugs from the central nervous system, cardiovascular, and anti-infective classes were heavily represented within the top 100 drugs in all rankings. Anti-infectives may pose the greatest overall risk based upon our results using a combination of factors that measure environmental transport, fate, and aquatic toxicity. The dataset is also useful for highlighting information that is still needed to assuredly assess risk. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cooper, Emily R.; Siewicki, Thomas C.; Phillips, Karl] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomolecular Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Cooper, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomolecular Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM emily.cooper@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 398 IS 1-3 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.061 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 316WH UT WOS:000256979900004 PM 18440598 ER PT J AU Zheleva, T Lelis, A Duscher, G Liu, F Levin, I Das, M AF Zheleva, Tsvetanka Lelis, Aivars Duscher, Gerd Liu, Fude Levin, Igor Das, Mrinal TI Transition layers at the SiO2/SiC interface SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT-TRANSISTORS; OXIDATION; SILICON; OXIDE; SURFACES; MOSFETS; OXYGEN AB The electrical performance of SiC-based microelectronic devices is strongly affected by the densities of interfacial traps introduced by the chemical and structural changes at the SiO2/SiC interface during processing. We analyzed the structure and chemistry of this interface for the thermally grown SiO2/4H-SiC heterostructure using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Z-contrast scanning TEM, and spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The analyses revealed the presence of distinct layers, several nanometers thick, on each side of the interface; additionally, partial amorphization of the top SiC surface was observed. These interfacial layers were attributed to the formation of a ternary Si-C-O phase during thermal oxidation. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Zheleva, Tsvetanka; Lelis, Aivars] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Duscher, Gerd; Liu, Fude] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Levin, Igor] NIST, MSEL, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Das, Mrinal] CREE Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Zheleva, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM tzheleva@arl.army.mil RI Liu, Fude/E-9873-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 18 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 2 AR 022108 DI 10.1063/1.2949081 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 328KA UT WOS:000257796100057 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zhao, ZX Pichel, WG AF Li, Xiaofeng Zhao, Zhongxiang Pichel, William G. TI Internal solitary waves in the northwestern South China Sea inferred from satellite images SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLITONS; PROPAGATION; EVOLUTION; SAR AB Internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northwestern South China Sea are studied from three spaceborne synthetic aperture radar images. ISWs are observed in the same area 18.5-20.5 degrees N, 112-114 degrees E. The common characteristics of the ISWs are: 1) their propagation directions are 270 similar to 300 degrees with respect to north; 2) the wavelength is about 1.2-1.6 km; 3) the distance between two neighboring ISW packets is about 10 km, but it is not a constant; 4) in two images, the easternmost ISWs evolve into multiple rank-ordered soliton on the shelf (ISW fission); and 5) near Shenhu Shoal, a local uplift at 19.5 degrees N, 112.9 degrees E, one ISW packet splits into two ISW packets. Based on their propagation direction and barotropic tidal forcing analysis, we suggest that these ISWs originate from tide-topography interactions in the Luzon Strait. It takes the internal tide about 100 hours to propagate 880 km from the Luzon Strait to the observation site. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhao, Zhongxiang] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Zhao, Zhongxiang/A-1918-2012; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 13 AR L13605 DI 10.1029/2008GL034272 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 327OU UT WOS:000257739200004 ER PT J AU Hilker, T Coops, NC Hall, FG Black, TA Chen, B Krishnan, P Wulder, MA Sellers, PJ Middleton, EM Huemmrich, KF AF Hilker, Thomas Coops, Nicholas C. Hall, Forrest G. Black, T. Andrew Chen, Baozhang Krishnan, Praveena Wulder, Michael A. Sellers, Piers J. Middleton, Elizabeth M. Huemmrich, Karl F. TI A modeling approach for upscaling gross ecosystem production to the landscape scale using remote sensing data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER; DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; LAND-SURFACE; SOLAR-RADIATION; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE AB Gross ecosystem production (GEP) can be estimated at the global scale and in a spatially continuous mode using models driven by remote sensing. Multiple studies have demonstrated the capability of high resolution optical remote sensing to accurately measure GEP at the leaf and stand level, but upscaling this relationship using satellite data remains challenging. Canopy structure is one of the complicating factors as it not only alters the strength of a measured signal depending on integrated leaf-angle-distribution and sun-observer geometry, but also drives the photosynthetic output and light-use-efficiency (e) of individual leaves. This study introduces a new approach for upscaling multiangular canopy level reflectance measurements to satellite scales which takes account of canopy structure effects by using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). A tower-based spectro-radiometer was used to observe canopy reflectances over an annual period under different look and solar angles. This information was then used to extract sunlit and shaded spectral end-members corresponding to minimum and maximum values of canopy-epsilon over 8-d intervals using a bidirectional reflectance distribution model. Using three-dimensional information of the canopy structure obtained from LiDAR, the canopy light regime and leaf area was modeled over a 12 km(2) area and was combined with spectral end-members to derive high resolution maps of GEP. Comparison with eddy covariance data collected at the site shows that the spectrally driven model is able to accurately predict GEP (r(2) between 0.75 and 0.91, p < 0.05). C1 [Hilker, Thomas; Coops, Nicholas C.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Black, T. Andrew; Chen, Baozhang] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hall, Forrest G.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huemmrich, Karl F.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Krishnan, Praveena] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sellers, Piers J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wulder, Michael A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. RP Hilker, T (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Forest Resources Management, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM thilker@interchange.ubc.ca RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016 OI Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896 NR 82 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 12 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G3 AR G03006 DI 10.1029/2007JG000666 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 327QQ UT WOS:000257744000002 ER PT J AU Lack, D Lerner, B Granier, C Baynard, T Lovejoy, E Massoli, P Ravishankara, AR Williams, E AF Lack, Daniel Lerner, Brian Granier, Claire Baynard, Tahllee Lovejoy, Edward Massoli, Paola Ravishankara, A. R. Williams, Eric TI Light absorbing carbon emissions from commercial shipping SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; ABSORPTION; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; SHIPS AB Extensive measurements of the emission of light absorbing carbon aerosol (LAC) from commercial shipping are presented. Vessel emissions were sampled using a photoacoustic spectrometer in the Gulf of Mexico region. The highest emitters (per unit fuel burnt) are tug boats, thus making significant contributions to local air quality in ports. Emission of LAC from cargo and non cargo vessels in this study appears to be independent of engine load. Shipping fuel consumption data (2001) was used to calculate a global LAC contribution of 133(+/- 27) Ggyr(-1), or similar to 1.7% of global LAC. This small fraction could have disproportionate effects on both air quality near port areas and climate in the Arctic if direct emissions of LAC occur in that region due to opening Arctic sea routes. The global contribution of this LAC burden was investigated using the MOZART model. Increases of 20-50 ng m(-3) LAC (relative increases up to 40%) due to shipping occur in the tropical Atlantic, Indonesia, central America and the southern regions of South America and Africa. C1 [Lack, Daniel; Lerner, Brian; Granier, Claire; Baynard, Tahllee; Lovejoy, Edward; Massoli, Paola; Ravishankara, A. R.; Williams, Eric] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lack, Daniel; Lerner, Brian; Granier, Claire; Baynard, Tahllee; Massoli, Paola; Williams, Eric] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, Claire] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Baynard, Tahllee] Lockheed Martin Coherent Technol, Longmt, CO USA. RP Lack, D (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.lack@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 13 AR L13815 DI 10.1029/2008GL033906 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 327OS UT WOS:000257739000001 ER PT J AU Bayler, EJ Liu, ZY AF Bayler, Eric J. Liu, Zhengyu TI Basin-scale wind-forced dynamics of the seasonal southern South China Sea gyre SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL RECIRCULATION; SURFACE HEIGHT; ALTIMETER DATA; CIRCULATION; MODEL; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; DRIVEN; BOTTOM AB Using observed wind-forcing, the seasonal development and disappearance of the near-surface anticyclonic gyre in the southern South China Sea is modeled, along with associated dynamic features. Forced by monsoon winds, the ocean circulation in the South China Sea alternates between a single cyclonic gyre during the winter northeast monsoon and a double gyre, cyclonic/anticyclonic in the northern/southern South China Sea, during the summer southwest monsoon, reversing the western boundary current along Vietnam with each shift of the monsoon regime. During the summer southwest monsoon, the poleward western boundary current converges with the equatorward western boundary current of the northern gyre, turning offshore to create an eastward jet and flanking dipole recirculation near 13 degrees N. The development and timing of the eastward jet and recirculations are consistent with large-scale basin dynamics. The subsequent transition to the winter northeast monsoon regime destroys the recirculation cells and eastward jet. Employing high-resolution 1.5-layer and 2.0-layer numerical models, we demonstrate the applicability of large-scale dynamics to the deeper central basin of the South China Sea, specifically showing that the gyre-scale circulation governs the development of the eastward jet and dipole recirculations. The destruction of the recirculations by the monsoon winds each autumn is also modeled. This effort highlights the dominance of monsoon wind-forcing in the South China Sea's basin-scale dynamics. C1 [Bayler, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC 20233 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bayler, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 810, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM eric.bayler@noaa.gov RI Bayler, Eric/F-5575-2010 OI Bayler, Eric/0000-0002-9492-3310 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 11 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C7 AR C07014 DI 10.1029/2007JC004519 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 327RK UT WOS:000257746000002 ER PT J AU Muller, A Fang, W Lawall, J Solomon, GS AF Muller, Andreas Fang, Wei Lawall, John Solomon, Glenn S. TI Emission spectrum of a dressed exciton-biexciton complex in a semiconductor quantum dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; ENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS; MICROCAVITY; SYSTEM AB The photoluminescence spectrum of a single quantum dot was recorded as a secondary resonant laser optically dressed either the vacuum-to-exciton or the exciton-to-biexciton transitions. High-resolution polarization-resolved measurements using a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer reveal splittings of the linearly polarized fine-structure states that are nondegenerate in an asymmetric quantum dot. These splittings manifest as either triplets or doublets and depend sensitively on laser intensity and detuning. Our approach realizes complete resonant control of a multiexcitonic system in emission, which can be either pulsed or continuous wave, and offers direct access to the emitted photons. C1 [Muller, Andreas; Fang, Wei; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Muller, Andreas; Fang, Wei; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lawall, John; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andreas.muller@nist.gov RI Fang, Wei/B-3794-2010 OI Fang, Wei/0000-0002-6511-3570 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 2 AR 027401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.027401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 324XW UT WOS:000257553700064 PM 18764226 ER PT J AU Shapiro, EA Pe'er, A Ye, J Shapiro, M AF Shapiro, Evgeny A. Pe'er, Avi Ye, Jun Shapiro, Moshe TI Piecewise adiabatic population transfer in a molecule via a wave packet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SOLUTION; RICHARDSON EXTRAPOLATION; COLD MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; MANIPULATION AB We propose a class of schemes for robust population transfer between quantum states that utilize trains of coherent pulses, thus forming a generalized adiabatic passage via a wave packet. We study piecewise stimulated Raman adiabatic passage with pulse-to-pulse amplitude variation, and piecewise chirped Raman passage with pulse-to-pulse phase variation, implemented with an optical frequency comb. In the context of production of ultracold ground-state molecules, we show that with almost no knowledge of the excited potential, robust high-efficiency transfer is possible. C1 [Shapiro, Evgeny A.; Shapiro, Moshe] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Shapiro, Moshe] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Pe'er, Avi; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shapiro, Moshe] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Pe'er, Avi; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Shapiro, EA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 25 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.023601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 324XW UT WOS:000257553700019 PM 18764181 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Haxel, JH Matsumoto, H Lau, TK Merle, SG de Ronde, CEJ Embley, RW Mellinger, DK AF Dziak, R. P. Haxel, J. H. Matsumoto, H. Lau, T. K. Merle, S. G. de Ronde, C. E. J. Embley, R. W. Mellinger, D. K. TI Observations of regional seismicity and local harmonic tremor at Brothers volcano, south Kermadec arc, using an ocean bottom hydrophone array SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ARENAL VOLCANO; AXIAL VOLCANO; NEW-ZEALAND; COSTA-RICA; ERUPTION; EARTHQUAKES; EVOLUTION; SIGNALS AB Four ocean bottom hydrophones (OBHs) were deployed for 7 months on the caldera floor of Brothers volcano, located within the southern Kermadec intraoceanic arc roughly 350 km northeast of New Zealand. The volcanic edifice is 13 x 8 km at the seafloor, with a 3 km wide caldera that has a floor depth of 1850 m and which is surrounded by 290- to 530-m-high walls encompassing a similar to 350-m-high dacite cone. Three of the OBHs recorded low-frequency (0.5-110 Hz) acoustic T waves from regional and local earthquakes, as well as harmonic tremor from within the Brother volcano. The fourth OBH was not recovered intact. The T wave-derived locations for 964 regional earthquakes show that the majority of events cluster beneath the dacite cone in the southern quadrant of the caldera and the east flank of Brothers volcano. In addition, regional seismicity was observed along a NE-SW trending fault structure to the southeast and northwest of the volcano in a small basin in the Kermadec back arc and along the Kermadec arc and fore arc. A total of 2470 discrete harmonic tremor events were recorded on all three OBHs with a fundamental frequency of 3 +/- 0.5 Hz. The majority of tremor signals were detected on OBH-2, implying that a greater number of hydrothermal fluid conduits/chambers exist within the southern caldera quadrant in comparison with the eastern or western quadrants of the caldera. C1 [Dziak, R. P.; Haxel, J. H.; Matsumoto, H.; Lau, T. K.; Merle, S. G.; Mellinger, D. K.] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dziak, R. P.; Haxel, J. H.; Matsumoto, H.; Lau, T. K.; Merle, S. G.; Embley, R. W.; Mellinger, D. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [de Ronde, C. E. J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08S04 DI 10.1029/2007JB005533 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 327RW UT WOS:000257747200001 ER PT J AU Tirumala, VR Tominaga, T Lee, S Butler, PD Lin, EK Gong, JP Wu, WL AF Tirumala, Vijay R. Tominaga, Taiki Lee, Sanghun Butler, Paul D. Lin, Eric K. Gong, Jian Ping Wu, Wen-li TI Molecular model for toughening in double-network hydrogels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SLIDE-RING GEL; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITE HYDROGELS; HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH; FIGURE-OF-8 CROSS-LINKS; TOPOLOGICAL GEL; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYMER NETWORK; POLYACRYLAMIDE; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE AB A molecular mechanism is proposed for the toughness enhancement observed in double-network (DN) hydrogels prepared from poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) polyelectrolyte network and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) linear polymer. It is an extension of, the phenomenological model set forth recently by Gong et al. (Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6658-6664). This mechanism rationalizes the changes in molecular structure of the DN gel constituents observed via in situ neutron scattering measurements, the composition dependence of the solution viscosity, and the thermodynamic interaction parameters of PAMPS and PAAm molecules obtained previously from neutron scattering studies. More specifically, this proposed mechanism provides an explanation for the observed periodic compositional fluctuations in the micrometer range induced by large strain deformation. C1 [Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tominaga, Taiki; Gong, Jian Ping] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tominaga, Taiki; Gong, Jian Ping] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wenli@nist.gov RI Gong, Jian Ping/B-7019-2009; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; OI Gong, Jian Ping/0000-0003-2228-2750; Tominaga, Taiki/0000-0002-6782-6005 NR 43 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 27 BP 8024 EP 8031 DI 10.1021/jp8002454 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 321VS UT WOS:000257335200008 PM 18558754 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Gao, RS Spackman, JR Watts, LA Thomson, DS Fahey, DW Ryerson, TB Peischl, J Holloway, JS Trainer, M Frost, GJ Baynard, T Lack, DA de Gouw, JA Warneke, C Del Negro, LA AF Schwarz, J. P. Gao, R. S. Spackman, J. R. Watts, L. A. Thomson, D. S. Fahey, D. W. Ryerson, T. B. Peischl, J. Holloway, J. S. Trainer, M. Frost, G. J. Baynard, T. Lack, D. A. de Gouw, J. A. Warneke, C. Del Negro, L. A. TI Measurement of the mixing state, mass, and optical size of individual black carbon particles in urban and biomass burning emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOLS; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING AB In situ measurements of the mass, mixing state, and optical size of individual black-carbon (BC) particles in the fine mode (90-600 nm) have been made in fresh emissions from urban and biomass burning sources with an airborne single-particle soot photometer. Contrasts between the two sources are significant and consistent. Urban BC tends to smaller sizes, fewer coated particles, thinner coatings, and less absorption per unit mass than biomass-burning BC. This suggests that urban BC may have a longer lifetime in the atmosphere and a different impact on BC radiative forcing in the first indirect effect than biomass-burning BC. These measurements bound the likely variability in the microphysical state of BC emissions from typical continental processes, and provide direct measurements of the size distribution and coating state of fine-mode BC for use in constraining climate and aerosol models. These results highlight the need for the integration of source-specific information into such models. C1 [Schwarz, J. P.; Gao, R. S.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L. A.; Thomson, D. S.; Fahey, D. W.; Ryerson, T. B.; Peischl, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Trainer, M.; Frost, G. J.; Lack, D. A.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Del Negro, L. A.] Lake Forest Coll, Dept Chem, Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L. A.; Thomson, D. S.; Fahey, D. W.; Peischl, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Frost, G. J.; Baynard, T.; Lack, D. A.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R-CSD 6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 18 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 13 U2 71 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 13 AR L13810 DI 10.1029/2008GL033968 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 327OO UT WOS:000257738600003 ER PT J AU Mannucci, AJ Tsurutani, BT Abdu, MA Gonzalez, WD Komjathy, A Echer, E Iijima, BA Crowley, G Anderson, D AF Mannucci, A. J. Tsurutani, B. T. Abdu, M. A. Gonzalez, W. D. Komjathy, A. Echer, E. Iijima, B. A. Crowley, G. Anderson, D. TI Superposed epoch analysis of the dayside ionospheric response to four intense geomagnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; MAGNETIC STORMS; SOLAR; FIELD; ELECTRODYNAMICS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Prompt daytime ionospheric responses are presented for the following four intense geomagnetic storms: 29 October 2003, 30 October 2003, 20 November 2003, and 7 November 2004. We perform a superposed epoch analysis of the storms by defining the start time of the epoch when the Kan-Lee interplanetary electric field (proportional to the reconnection electric field) first reaches 10 mV/m during a period of continuously southward B-z. Measurements from the GPS receiver onboard the CHAMP satellite at 400 km altitude indicate significant low- to middle-latitude daytime total electron content (TEC) increases above the satellite within 1 - 2 h of the defined start time for three of the storms (similar to 1400 local solar time). The 20 November 2003 data follow a different pattern: the largest TEC increases appear several hours (similar to 5 - 7) following the interplanetary magnetic field Bz event onset. TEC data obtained from ground-based GPS receivers for the November 2003 storm tend to confirm a "late'' TEC increase for this storm at similar to 1400 LT. Estimates of vertical plasma uplift near the equator at Jicamarca longitudes (similar to 281 E) using the dual-magnetometer technique suggest that variability of the timing of the TEC response is associated with variability in the prompt penetration of electric fields to low latitudes. It is also found that for the November 2003 magnetic storm the cross-correlation function between the SYM-H index and the interplanetary electric field reached maximum correlation with a lag time of 4 h. Such a large lag time has never been noted before. The long delays of both the ionosphere and magnetosphere responses need to be better understood. C1 [Mannucci, A. J.; Tsurutani, B. T.; Komjathy, A.; Iijima, B. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Abdu, M. A.; Gonzalez, W. D.; Echer, E.] Natl Inst Space Res, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Anderson, D.] Univ Colorado, Space Environm Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Crowley, G.] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Mannucci, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 138-308, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tony.mannucci@jpl.nasa.gov NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 113 AR A00A02 DI 10.1029/2007JA012732 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327SB UT WOS:000257747700001 ER PT J AU Cheng, G Hua, F Melnichenko, YB Hong, K Mays, JW Hammouda, B Wignall, GD AF Cheng, Gang Hua, Fengjun Melnichenko, Yuri B. Hong, Kunlun Mays, Jimmy W. Hammouda, Boualem Wignall, George D. TI Association and structure of thermosensitive comblike block copolymers in aqueous solutions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICELLAR STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS; POLYMERS; SOLVENTS; BEHAVIOR AB The structures and association properties of thermosensitive block copolymers of poly(methoxyoligo(ethylene glycol) norbornenyl esters) in D(2)O were investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Each block is a comblike polymer with a polynorbornene (PNB) backbone and oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) side chains (one side chain per NB repeat unit). The chemical formula of the block copolymer is (OEG(3)NB)(79)-(OEG(6.6)NB)(67), where subscripts represent the degree of polymerization (DP) of OEG and NB in each block. The polymer concentration was fixed at 2.0 wt % and the structural changes were investigated over a temperature range between 25 and 68 degrees C. It was found that at room temperature polymers associate to form micelles with a spherical core formed by the block (OEG(3)NB)(79) and corona formed by the block (OEG(6.6)NB)(67) and that the shape of the polymer in the corona could be described by the form factor of rigid cylinders. At elevated temperatures, the aggregation number increased and the micelles became more compact. At temperatures around the cloud point temperature (CPT) T = 60 degrees C a correlation peak started to appear and became pronounced at 68 degrees C due to the formation of a partially ordered structure with a correlation length similar to 349 angstrom. C1 [Cheng, Gang; Melnichenko, Yuri B.; Wignall, George D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hua, Fengjun; Hong, Kunlun; Mays, Jimmy W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015; OI Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 8 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4824 EP 4827 DI 10.1021/ma702580v PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 322HQ UT WOS:000257366200041 ER PT J AU Niedzwiedz, K Wischnewski, A Pyckhout-Hintzen, W Allgaier, J Richter, D Faraone, A AF Niedzwiedz, K. Wischnewski, A. Pyckhout-Hintzen, W. Allgaier, J. Richter, D. Faraone, A. TI Chain dynamics and viscoelastic properties of poly(ethylene oxide) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED POLYMER SYSTEMS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); ENTANGLEMENT; MELTS; SCATTERING; MOTION; COEFFICIENT; TRANSITION; BLENDS AB The chain dynamics and viscoelastic properties of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were studied covering a wide range of molecular weights and temperatures. Two experimental. techniques were used: rheology, in order to study the large scale viscoelastic proper. ties, and neutron spin-echo (NSE) spectroscopy, to investigate the chain dynamics at the molecular level. We aimed to explore the characteristic dynamical parameters of the pure homopolymer system and describe its dependence on the polymer molecular weight and temperature. We will show that, after accounting for the molecular weigth dependence of the glass transition temperature, the dynamics observed for the different molecular weight samples can be consistently described by the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) temperature dependence. C1 [Niedzwiedz, K.; Wischnewski, A.; Pyckhout-Hintzen, W.; Allgaier, J.; Richter, D.] Forschungszentrum, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52428 Julich, Germany. [Faraone, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Faraone, A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pyckhout-Hintzen, W (reprint author), Forschungszentrum, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52428 Julich, Germany. RI Richter, Dieter/H-3701-2013; Wischnewski, Andreas/J-9415-2013 OI Richter, Dieter/0000-0003-0719-8470; Wischnewski, Andreas/0000-0003-2401-2850 NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 8 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4866 EP 4872 DI 10.1021/ma800446n PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 322HQ UT WOS:000257366200047 ER PT J AU Meiser, D Ye, J Holland, MJ AF Meiser, D. Ye, Jun Holland, M. J. TI Spin squeezing in optical lattice clocks via lattice-based QND measurements SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; STATES; LIGHT; ATOMS AB Quantum projection noise will soon limit the best achievable precision of optical atomic clocks based on lattice-confined neutral atoms. Squeezing the collective atomic pseudo-spin via measurement of the clock state populations during Ramsey interrogation suppresses the projection noise. We show here that the lattice laser field can be used to perform ideal quantum non-demolition measurements without clock shifts or decoherence and explore the feasibility of such an approach in theory with the lattice field confined in a ringresonator. Detection of the motional sideband due to the atomic vibration in the lattice wells can yield signal sizes a hundredfold above the projection noise limit. C1 [Meiser, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Meiser, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dmeiser@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2008 VL 10 AR 073014 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/7/073014 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 324MX UT WOS:000257523800003 ER PT J AU Dennis, CL Jackson, AJ Borchers, JA Ivkov, R Foreman, AR Hoopes, PJ Strawbridge, R Pierce, Z Goerntiz, E Lau, JW Gruettner, C AF Dennis, C. L. Jackson, A. J. Borchers, J. A. Ivkov, R. Foreman, A. R. Hoopes, P. J. Strawbridge, R. Pierce, Z. Goerntiz, E. Lau, J. W. Gruettner, C. TI The influence of magnetic and physiological behaviour on the effectiveness of iron oxide nanoparticles for hyperthermia SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fine Particle Magnetism CY OCT 09-12, 2007 CL Natl Res Council, Rome, ITALY HO Natl Res Council ID BREAST-CANCER; THERAPY AB Magnetic nanoparticles are being developed for a wide range of biomedical applications. In particular, hyperthermia involves heating the magnetic nanoparticles through exposure to an alternating magnetic field. These materials offer the potential to selectively treat cancer by heating cancer tissue locally and at the cellular level. This may be a successful method if there are enough particles in a tumor possessing a sufficiently high specific absorption rate (SAR) to deposit heat quickly while minimizing thermal damage to surrounding tissue. High SAR magnetic nanoparticles have been developed and used in mouse models of cancer. The magnetic nanoparticles comprise iron oxide magnetic cores (mean core diameter of 50 nm) surrounded by a dextran layer shell for colloidal stability. In comparing two similar systems, the saturation magnetization is found to play a crucial role in determining the SAR, but is not the only factor of importance. (A difference in saturation magnetization of a factor of 1.5 yields a difference in SAR of a factor of 2.5 at 1080 Oe and 150 kHz.) Variations in the interactions due to differences in the dextran layer, as determined through neutron scattering, also play a role in the SAR. Once these nanoparticles are introduced into the tumor, their efficacy, with respect to tumor growth, is determined by the location of the nanoparticles within or near the tumor cells and the association of the nanoparticles with the delivered alternating magnetic field (AMF). This association (nanoparticle SAR and AMF) determines the amount of heat generated. In our setting, the heat generated and the time of heating (thermal dose) provides a tumor gross treatment response which correlates closely with that of conventional (non-nanoparticle) hyperthermia. This being said, it appears specific aspects of the nanoparticle hyperthermia cytopathology mechanism may be very different from that observed in conventional cancer treatment hyperthermia. C1 [Dennis, C. L.; Lau, J. W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, A. J.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, A. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ivkov, R.; Foreman, A. R.] Triton BioSyst Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. [Hoopes, P. J.; Strawbridge, R.; Pierce, Z.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Goerntiz, E.] Fraunhofer Inst Angew Polymerforsch, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Gruettner, C.] Micromod Partikeltechnol GmbH, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. RP Dennis, CL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Lau, June/C-7509-2013; Ivkov, Robert/A-3902-2015 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Ivkov, Robert/0000-0002-2930-5276 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 13 AR 134020 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/41/13/134020 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 316DC UT WOS:000256928100028 ER PT J AU Monroe, EA Van Dolah, FM AF Monroe, Emily A. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI The toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis encodes novel type I-like polyketide synthases containing discrete catalytic domains SO PROTIST LA English DT Article DE dinoflagellate; harmful algal blooms; Karenia brevis; polyketide synthase; spliced leader RNA ID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BREVETOXIN-B; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENES; GYMNODINIUM; METABOLITES; MICROARRAY; EXPRESSION; INFERENCE; ORIGINS AB Karenia brevis is the Florida red tide dinoflagellate responsible for detrimental effects on human and environmental health through the production of brevetoxins. Brevetoxins are thought to be synthesized by a polyketide synthase ( PKS) complex, but the gene cluster for this PKS has yet to be identified. Here, eight PKS transcripts were identified in K. brevis by high throughput cDNA library screening. Full length sequences were obtained through 30 and 50 RACE, which demonstrated the presence of polyadenylation, 30-UTRs, and an identical dinoflagellate-specific spliced leader sequence at the 50 end of PKS transcripts. Six transcripts encoded for individual ketosynthase (KS) domains, one ketoreductase (KR), and one transcript encoded both acyl carrier protein (ACP) and KS domains. Transcript lengths ranged from 1875 to 3397 nucleotides, based on sequence analysis, and were confirmed by northern blotting. Baysian phylogenetic analysis of the K. brevis KS domains placed them well within the protist type I PKS clade. Thus although most similar to type I modular PKSs, the presence of individual catalytic domains on separate transcripts suggests a protein structure more similar to type II PKSs, in which each catalytic domain resides on an individual protein. These results identify an unprecedented PKS structure in a toxic dinoflagellate. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Monroe, Emily A.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Ctr Coastal & Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Monroe, Emily A.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), Ctr Coastal & Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Fran.Vandolah@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1434-4610 J9 PROTIST JI Protist PD JUL 7 PY 2008 VL 159 IS 3 BP 471 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.protis.2008.02.004 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 318QH UT WOS:000257106200009 PM 18467171 ER PT J AU Waggett, RJ Buskey, EJ AF Waggett, Rebecca J. Buskey, Edward J. TI Escape reaction performance of myelinated and non-myelinated calanoid copepods SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE escape behavior; hydrodynamics; mechanoreception; response latency ID SPEED VIDEO ANALYSIS; MARINE COPEPODS; FORCE PRODUCTION; ACARTIA-TONSA; 1ST ANTENNAE; BEHAVIOR; AXONS; PROTISTS; NAUPLII; CYCLOPS AB Calanoid copepods from seven families in three superfamilies were exposed to a controlled near-field hydrodynamic stimulus and their escape reactions were recorded using high-speed videographic techniques. Copepod species have two distinct mechanisms for increasing conduction speed of neural signals: larger diameter nerve axons and insulated axons, i.e., myelination. Myelinated axons have been found in certain species of the more recently-evolved calanoid superfamilies. Copepod representatives from these superfamilies were expected to have shorter response latencies than species from more ancestral superfamilies due to the increased conduction speed of nerve impulses in myelinated neurons. Using frame-by-frame playback and computerized motion analysis techniques, response latency, jump speed, and acceleration were measured. Kinetic performance of copepods was highly variable, with mean escape speeds ranging between 100-250 mm s(-1) and accelerations of 9-230 m s(-2). Minimum behavioral response latencies of 2 ms were recorded for both myelinated and non-myelinated calanoids. There was no significant difference between the response latencies of copepods from the myelinated and non-myelinated superfamilies. Furthermore, no relationships were found between copepod latency and size for either myelinated or non-myelinated species. Previous research may suggest that myelin may shorten the response latencies of certain calanoid species. However, our. results show that non-myelinated copepods are also capable of responding rapidly, within as few as 2 ms, to hydrodynamic stimuli and produce similar kinetic performance to myelinated species. The main advantage of myelination over giant nerve axons is their more efficient transfer of nerve impulses resulting in a metabolic energy savings. Although this energetic reward would be important for copepods in food-limited environments, for coastal copepods, in food-rich habitats, either mechanism is a viable solution. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Waggett, Rebecca J.; Buskey, Edward J.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Waggett, RJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Rebecca.Waggett@noaa.gov; beckywaggett@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 361 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.05.006 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 331JN UT WOS:000258008600007 ER PT J AU Xiong, XZ Barnet, C Maddy, E Sweeney, C Liu, XP Zhou, LH Goldberg, M AF Xiong, Xiaozhen Barnet, Chris Maddy, Eric Sweeney, Colm Liu, Xingpin Zhou, Lihang Goldberg, Mitch TI Characterization and validation of methane products from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CH4; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; CALIBRATION; RETRIEVAL; EMISSIONS; UARS; AQUA AB [1] This paper presents the characterization and validation of retrievals of atmospheric methane (CH4) vertical profiles by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ( AIRS) on the EOS/Aqua platform. AIRS channels near 7.6 mm are used for CH4 retrieval, and they are most sensitive to the middle to upper troposphere, i.e., about 200-300 hPa in the tropics and 400-500 hPa in the polar region. The atmospheric temperature-humidity profiles, surface skin temperature, and emissivity required to derive CH4 are obtained from retrievals using separate AIRS channels and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU). Comparison of AIRS retrieved profiles with some in situ aircraft CH4 profiles implied that the forward model used in the AIRS retrieval system V4.0 required a 2% increase in methane absorption coefficients for strong absorption channels, and this bias adjustment was implemented in the AIRS retrieval system V5.0. As a new operational product in V5.0, AIRS CH4 were validated using in situ aircraft observations at 22 sites of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division (NOAA/ESRL/GMD), ranging from the Arctic to the tropical South Pacific Ocean, but their altitudes are usually above 300 hPa. The results show the bias of the retrieved CH4 profiles for this version is -1.4 similar to 0.1% and its RMS difference is about 0.5-1.6%, depending on altitude. These validation comparisons provide critical assessment of the retrieval algorithm and will continue using more in situ observations together with future improvement to the retrieval algorithm. AIRS CH4 products include not only the CH4 profile but also the information content. As examples, the products of AIRS CH4 in August 2004 and the difference of CH4 in May and September 2004 are shown. From these results a few features are evident: (1) a large AIRS CH4 plume southwest of the Tibetan plateau that may be associated with deep convection during the Asian summer monsoon; (2) high mixing ratios of AIRS CH4 in southeastern Asia and in the high northern hemisphere in the summer; and ( 3) the increase of AIRS CH4 from May to September in the high northern hemisphere that is likely linked with wetland emission but needs more study. Further analysis of these data and its comparison with model data will be addressed in a separate paper. C1 [Xiong, Xiaozhen; Barnet, Chris; Maddy, Eric; Liu, Xingpin; Zhou, Lihang; Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xiong, Xiaozhen; Maddy, Eric; Liu, Xingpin; Zhou, Lihang] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Xiong, XZ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaozhen.xiong@noaa.gov RI Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011; Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871; NR 35 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 113 AR G00A01 DI 10.1029/2007JG000500 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 323FZ UT WOS:000257432500001 ER PT J AU Schaefer, M Baker, DJ Gibbons, JH Groat, CG Kennedy, D Kennel, CF Rejeski, D AF Schaefer, Mark Baker, D. James Gibbons, John H. Groat, Charles G. Kennedy, Donald Kennel, Charles F. Rejeski, David TI Science and government - An Earth Systems Science Agency SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schaefer, Mark; Groat, Charles G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Baker, D. James] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Gibbons, John H.] White House Off Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC USA. [Kennedy, Donald] US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Kennel, Charles F.] NASA, Mission Planet Earth, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Schaefer, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM markschaefer24@msn.com; djamesbaker@comcast.net; jackgibbons@hughes.net; cgroat@mail.utexas.edu; kennedyd@stanford.edu; ckennel@ucsd.edu; david.rejeski@wilsoncenter.org RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5885 BP 44 EP 45 DI 10.1126/science.1160192 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321QE UT WOS:000257320800024 PM 18599760 ER PT J AU Teixeira, SCM Zaccai, G Ankner, J Bellissent-Funel, MC Bewley, R Blakeley, MP Callow, P Coates, L Dahint, R Dalgliesh, R Dencher, NA Forsyth, VT Fragneto, G Frick, B Gilles, R Gutberlet, T Haertlein, M Hauss, T Haussler, W Heller, WT Herwig, K Holderer, O Juranyi, F Kampmann, R Knott, R Krueger, S Langan, P Lechner, RE Lynn, G Majkrzak, C May, RP Meilleur, F Mo, Y Mortensen, K Myles, DAA Natali, F Neylon, C Niimura, N Ollivier, J Ostermann, A Peters, J Pieper, J Ruhm, A Schwahn, D Shibata, K Soper, AK Strassle, T Suzuki, J Tanaka, I Tehei, M Timmins, P Torikai, N Unruh, T Urban, V Vavrin, R Weiss, K AF Teixeira, S. C. M. Zaccai, G. Ankner, J. Bellissent-Funel, M. C. Bewley, R. Blakeley, M. P. Callow, P. Coates, L. Dahint, R. Dalgliesh, R. Dencher, N. A. Forsyth, V. T. Fragneto, G. Frick, B. Gilles, R. Gutberlet, T. Haertlein, M. Hauss, T. Haeussler, W. Heller, W. T. Herwig, K. Holderer, O. Juranyi, F. Kampmann, R. Knott, R. Krueger, S. Langan, P. Lechner, R. E. Lynn, G. Majkrzak, C. May, R. P. Meilleur, F. Mo, Y. Mortensen, K. Myles, D. A. A. Natali, F. Neylon, C. Niimura, N. Ollivier, J. Ostermann, A. Peters, J. Pieper, J. Ruehm, A. Schwahn, D. Shibata, K. Soper, A. K. Straessle, Th. Suzuki, J. Tanaka, I. Tehei, M. Timmins, P. Torikai, N. Unruh, T. Urban, V. Vavrin, R. Weiss, K. TI New sources and instrumentation for neutrons in biology (vol 345, pg 133, 2008) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Teixeira, S. C. M.; Zaccai, G.; Blakeley, M. P.; Callow, P.; Forsyth, V. T.; Fragneto, G.; Frick, B.; Haertlein, M.; May, R. P.; Natali, F.; Ollivier, J.; Peters, J.; Tehei, M.; Timmins, P.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Teixeira, S. C. M.; Callow, P.; Forsyth, V. T.] Keele Univ, Res Inst Environm Phys Sci & Appl Math, Keele, Staffs, England. [Heller, W. T.; Lynn, G.; Mo, Y.; Myles, D. A. A.; Urban, V.; Weiss, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bellissent-Funel, M. C.] CEA Saclay, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bewley, R.; Dalgliesh, R.; Neylon, C.; Soper, A. K.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ankner, J.; Coates, L.; Herwig, K.; Meilleur, F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dahint, R.] Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dencher, N. A.; Hauss, T.; Lechner, R. E.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Dept Chem, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Torikai, N.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Neutron Sci Lab KENS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Juranyi, F.; Straessle, Th.; Vavrin, R.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5332 Villigen, Switzerland. [Juranyi, F.; Straessle, Th.; Vavrin, R.] PSI, CH-5332 Villigen, Switzerland. [Gilles, R.; Haeussler, W.; Ostermann, A.; Unruh, T.] Tech Univ Munich, Forschsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz FRM I, D-8046 Garching, Germany. [Gutberlet, T.; Holderer, O.; Schwahn, D.] FRM II, Julius Ctr Neutron Sci, Forschzentrum Julich, Garching, Germany. [Hauss, T.] Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Kampmann, R.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Knott, R.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Krueger, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Langan, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosc Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Meilleur, F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Struct & Mol Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mortensen, K.] Forskningsctr Riso, Danish Polymer Ctr, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Shibata, K.] Ibaraki Univ, Hitachi, Ibaraki 3168511, Japan. [Pieper, J.] Tech Univ Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Ruehm, A.] MPI Metforsch ZWE FRM II N REX, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Suzuki, J.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Teixeira, SCM (reprint author), Inst Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. EM teixeira@ill.fr RI Mortensen, Kell/A-5066-2009; Frick, Bernhard/C-2756-2011; Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Dencher, Norbert/G-6640-2014; Teixeira, Susana/H-2205-2016; Forsyth, V. Trevor/A-9129-2010; Gutberlet, Thomas/D-5613-2014; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; HauSS, Thomas/O-4667-2015; myles, dean/D-5860-2016 OI Mortensen, Kell/0000-0002-8998-9390; Teixeira, Susana/0000-0002-6603-7936; Forsyth, V. Trevor/0000-0003-0380-3477; Gutberlet, Thomas/0000-0002-6194-2259; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; HauSS, Thomas/0000-0001-9325-6432; myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 170 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.04.007 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 329ZD UT WOS:000257908200027 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Feingold, G Jonsson, HH Lu, ML Chuang, PY Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Jiang, Hongli Feingold, Graham Jonsson, Haflidi H. Lu, Miao-Ling Chuang, Patrick Y. Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI Statistical comparison of properties of simulated and observed cumulus clouds in the vicinity of Houston during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TRADE-WIND CUMULI; CONVECTION; POPULATIONS; AIRCRAFT; AEROSOL AB [1] We present statistical comparisons of properties of clouds generated by Large Eddy Simulations (LES) with aircraft observations of nonprecipitating, warm cumulus clouds made in the vicinity of Houston, TX during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS), carried out in the summer of 2006. Aircraft data were sampled with the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter airplane. Five flights (days) that are most suitable for studying aerosol-cloud interactions are selected from the 22 flights. The model simulations are initiated with observed environmental profiles. The simulations are used to generate an ensemble of thousands of cumulus clouds for statistically meaningful evaluations. Statistical comparisons focus on the properties of a set of dynamical and thermodynamical variables, sampled either in the cloud or the cloud updraft core. The set of variables includes cloud liquid water content (LWC), number mixing ratio of cloud droplets (Nd), cloud effective radius (re), updraft velocity (w), and the distribution of cloud sizes. In general, good agreement between the simulated and observed clouds is achieved in the normalized frequency distribution functions, the profiles averaged over the cloudy regions, the cross-cloud averages, and the cloud size distributions, despite big differences in sample size between the model output and the aircraft data. Some unresolved differences in frequency distributions of w and possible differences in cloud fraction are noted. These comparisons suggest that the LES is able to successfully generate the cumulus cloud populations that were present during GoMACCS. The extent to which this is true will depend on the specific application. C1 [Jiang, Hongli; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, CIRA, Earth System Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chuang, Patrick Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lu, Miao-Ling; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), NOAA, CIRA, Earth System Res Lab, R-CSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hongli.jiang@noaa.gov; graham.feingold@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D13 AR D13205 DI 10.1029/2007JD009304 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323FU UT WOS:000257431800003 ER PT J AU Kinnison, DE Gille, J Barnett, J Randall, C Harvey, VL Lambert, A Khosravi, R Alexander, MJ Bernath, PF Boone, CD Cavanaugh, C Coffey, M Craig, C Dean, VC Eden, T Ellis, D Fahey, DW Francis, G Halvorson, C Hannigan, J Hartsough, C Hepplewhite, C Krinsky, C Lee, H Mankin, B Marcy, TP Massie, S Nardi, B Packman, D Popp, PJ Santee, ML Yudin, V Walker, KA AF Kinnison, D. E. Gille, J. Barnett, J. Randall, C. Harvey, V. L. Lambert, A. Khosravi, R. Alexander, M. J. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Cavanaugh, C. Coffey, M. Craig, C. Dean, V. C. Eden, T. Ellis, D. Fahey, D. W. Francis, G. Halvorson, C. Hannigan, J. Hartsough, C. Hepplewhite, C. Krinsky, C. Lee, H. Mankin, B. Marcy, T. P. Massie, S. Nardi, B. Packman, D. Popp, P. J. Santee, M. L. Yudin, V. Walker, K. A. TI Global observations of HNO3 from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS): First results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; NITRIC-ACID; MASS-SPECTROMETER; OZONE DESTRUCTION; INFRARED MONITOR; UARS; AEROSOL; MLS; PARTICLES; DEPLETION AB We present the first evaluation of the HNO3 data product (version 2.04.09) from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite. The HIRDLS instrument obtains between 5000 and 7000 HNO3 profiles per day. HIRDLS HNO3 data are generally good over the latitude range of 64 degrees S to 80 degrees N and pressure range 100 to 10 hPa, with some profiles, depending on latitude, having useful information between 100 to 161 hPa. The individual profile "measured'' precision is between 10 and 15%, but can be much larger if the HNO3 abundance is low or outside the 100 hPa to 10 hPa range. Global results are compared with the HNO3 observations from version 2.2 of the EOS Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and it is found that large-scale features are consistent between the two instruments. HIRDLS HNO3 is biased 0-20% low relative to Aura MLS in the mid-to-high latitudes and biased high in the tropical stratosphere. HIRDLS HNO3 is also compared with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). In these mostly high-latitude comparisons the HIRDLS HNO3 data are biased 10-30% low, depending on altitude. Finally, the HIRDLS HNO3 is compared to in situ data taken by the NOAA Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) instrument flown during the 2005 NASA Houston Aura Validation Experiment (AVE) and the ability of HIRDLS to measure HNO3 in the UTLS region is examined. C1 [Kinnison, D. E.; Gille, J.; Khosravi, R.; Cavanaugh, C.; Coffey, M.; Craig, C.; Eden, T.; Francis, G.; Halvorson, C.; Hannigan, J.; Hartsough, C.; Mankin, B.; Massie, S.; Nardi, B.; Packman, D.; Yudin, V.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Gille, J.; Randall, C.; Dean, V. C.; Ellis, D.; Krinsky, C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barnett, J.; Hepplewhite, C.] Univ Oxford, Ocean & Planetary Phys Dept, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Randall, C.; Harvey, V. L.] Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lambert, A.; Santee, M. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Alexander, M. J.] NW Res Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Fahey, D. W.; Marcy, T. P.; Popp, P. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marcy, T. P.; Popp, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Kinnison, DE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM dkin@ucar.edu RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Hartsough, Craig/K-5706-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397; NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16S44 DI 10.1029/2007JD008814 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323FW UT WOS:000257432100001 ER PT J AU Mountain, RD Lippa, KA AF Mountain, Raymond D. Lippa, Katrice A. TI Solvation of perfluorooctane and octane in water, methanol, acetonitrile, and aqueous mixtures of methanol and acetonitrile SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; N-OCTADECANE CHAIN; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BONDED PHASES; NONLINEAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; RETENTION MECHANISM; STATIONARY PHASES AB Molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine the local solvation structure of single octane and perfluorooctane molecules in liquid water, methanol, acetonitrile, and aqueous mixtures of methanol and acetonitrile. The motivation is to obtain baseline information about the solvation of perfluorooctane by liquids used as the mobile phase in liquid chromatography and how it differs from the solvation of octane. While octane is uniformly solvated by both water and the second component, perfluorooctane is solvated by methanol and acetonitrile with the exclusion of water from the first solvation layer when the solvent is a mixture. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lippa, Katrice A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mountain, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raymond.mountain@nist.gov NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 26 BP 7785 EP 7793 DI 10.1021/jp0774802 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 319HT UT WOS:000257155400014 PM 18533696 ER PT J AU Park, J Yang, RQ Hoven, CV Garcia, A Fischer, DA Nguyen, TQ Bazan, GC DeLongchamp, DM AF Park, Juhyun Yang, Renqiang Hoven, Corey V. Garcia, Andres Fischer, Daniel A. Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen Bazan, Guillermo C. DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Structural characterization of conjugated polyelectrolyte electron transport layers by NEXAFS spectroscopy SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; MOBILITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLYFLUORENE; PERFORMANCE; TRANSISTORS AB NEXAFS spectroscopy of conjugated polyelectrolytes used as the electron transport layer in polymer light-emitting diodes reveals a substrate-dependent accumulation of charged groups at the surface (see figure). The measurements are also consistent with a preferential orientation of tetrahedral counterions at the surface. C1 [Park, Juhyun; Yang, Renqiang; Hoven, Corey V.; Garcia, Andres; Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen; Bazan, Guillermo C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Park, Juhyun; Yang, Renqiang; Hoven, Corey V.; Bazan, Guillermo C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Elect Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bazan, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bazan@chem.ucsb.edu; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov RI Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 38 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 13 BP 2491 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200702995 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 328OW UT WOS:000257808700005 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Bruno, TJ AF Widegren, Jason A. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Thermal decomposition kinetics of the aviation turbine fuel Jet A SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID C-10-C-14 NORMAL-ALKANES; DISTILLATION CURVES; N-DODECANE; MIXTURES; IMPROVEMENTS; TEMPERATURES; MECHANISMS; STABILITY; RP-1; PVT AB As part of a large-scale thermophysical property measurement project, the global decomposition kinetics of the aviation turbine fuel Jet A was investigated. Decomposition reactions were performed at 375, 400, 425, and 450 degrees C in stainless steel ampule reactors. At each temperature, the extent of decomposition was determined as a function of time by gas chromatography. These data were used to derive global pseudo-first-order rate constants that approximate the overall decomposition rate of the mixture. Decomposition rate constants ranged from 5.9 x 10(-6) s(-1) at 375 degrees C to 4.4 x 10(-4) s(-1) at 450 degrees C. These rate constants are useful for planning property measurements at high temperatures. On the basis of the amount of time required for 1% of the sample to decompose (t(0.01)), we found that allowable instrument residence times ranged from about 0.5 h at 375 degrees C to less than 1 min at 450 degrees C. The kinetic data were also used to derive Arrhenius parameters of A = 4.1 x 10(12) s(-1) and E(a) = 220 kJ(.)mol(-1). In addition to the decomposition kinetics, we have also done a GC-MS analysis of the vapor phase that is produced during the thermal decomposition measurements. C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 13 BP 4342 EP 4348 DI 10.1021/ie8000666 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 319FR UT WOS:000257150000007 ER PT J AU Paluch, AS Shen, VK Errington, JR AF Paluch, Andrew S. Shen, Vincent K. Errington, Jeffrey R. TI Comparing the use of Gibbs ensemble and grand-canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo methods to determine phase equilibria SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-ATOM DESCRIPTION; MODELING PROTEIN STABILITY; COARSE-GRAINED STRATEGY; VAPOR-LIQUID NUCLEATION; SOLID-FLUID COEXISTENCE; THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; POINT-CHARGE MODEL; DENSITY-OF-STATES; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS AB We present results from a computational study investigating the use of Gibbs ensemble and grand-canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo (GC-TMMC) methods to determine the liquid-vapor phase coexistence properties of pure molecular fluids of varying degrees of complexity. The molecules used in this study were ethane, n-octane, cyclohexane, 2,5-dimethylhexane, I-propanol, and water. We first show that the GC-TMMC method can reproduce Gibbs ensemble results found in the literature. Given the excellent agreement for each molecule, we then compare directly the performance of Gibbs ensemble and GC-TMMC simulations at both low and high reduced temperatures by monitoring the relative uncertainties in the saturation properties as a function of computational time. In general, we found that the GC-TMMC method yielded limiting uncertainties in the saturated vapor density and pressure that were significantly smaller, by an order of magnitude in some instances, than those of the Gibbs ensemble method. Limiting Gibbs ensemble uncertainties for these properties were generally in the 0.8-5.0% range. However, both methods yielded comparable limiting uncertainties in the saturated liquid density, which fell within the range of 0.1-1.0%. In the case of water at 300 K, we found that the Gibbs ensemble outperformed GC-TMMC. The relatively poor performance of the GC-TMMC method in this situation was tied to the slow convergence of the density probability distribution at this low temperature. We also discuss strategies for improving the convergence rate under these conditions. C1 [Paluch, Andrew S.; Errington, Jeffrey R.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Errington, JR (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM jerring@buffalo.edu RI Errington, Jeffrey/E-8644-2011 OI Errington, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0365-0271 NR 64 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 13 BP 4533 EP 4541 DI 10.1021/ie800143n PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 319FR UT WOS:000257150000031 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Peltz, MA AF Bentz, Dale P. Peltz, Max A. TI Reducing thermal and autogenous shrinkage contributions to early-age cracking SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cracking; early ages; shrinkage ID COARSE CEMENT PARTICLES; LIMESTONE FILLER; THAUMASITE FORMATION; INERT FILLERS; CONCRETE; PASTES; DEFORMATION; REPLACEMENT; ADMIXTURES; HYDRATION AB Early-age cracking continues to be a significant problem for new concrete construction. Two of the major contributors to such cracking are the heat released by cement hydration during the first few days of curing and the autogenous shrinkage that often occurs during the same time frame. In this paper three potential alternatives for reducing these contributions by modifying the concrete mixture proportions are investigated, namely increasing the water-cement ratio (w/c), using a coarser cement, or replacing a portion of the portland cement with a coarse limestone powder Each alternative reduces the heat generated per unit volume by either reducing the volumetric cement content or its early-age reactivity, and reduces autogenous shrinkage by increasing the interparticle spacing between grains in the three-dimensional microstructure. These reductions are quantified for paste and mortar systems by measuring their semi-adiabatic temperature rise and autogenous deformation along with measurements of compressive strength to indicate the strength trade-off that will be experienced in reducing the risk of early-age cracking. These mixtures each have the additional advantage that they should result in a cost savings in comparison with an initial (control) mixture. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Peltz, Max A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 105 IS 4 BP 414 EP 420 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 332KL UT WOS:000258081800012 ER PT J AU Sander, LC Putzbach, K Nelson, BC Rimmer, CA Bedner, M Thomas, JB Porter, BJ Wood, LJ Schantz, MM Murphy, KE Sharpless, KE Wise, SA Yen, JH Siitonen, PH Evans, RL Pho, AN Roman, MC Betz, JM AF Sander, L. C. Putzbach, K. Nelson, B. C. Rimmer, C. A. Bedner, M. Thomas, J. Brown Porter, B. J. Wood, L. J. Schantz, M. M. Murphy, K. E. Sharpless, K. E. Wise, S. A. Yen, J. H. Siitonen, P. H. Evans, R. L. Pho, A. Nguyen Roman, M. C. Betz, J. M. TI Certification of standard reference materials containing bitter orange SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM 11) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2007 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE reference materials; natural products; organic compounds; high-performance liquid chromatography; foods/beverages ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; EPHEDRINE ALKALOIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ADRENERGIC AMINES; CITRUS-AURANTIUM; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION; STATIONARY-PHASE; SYNEPHRINE AB A suite of three dietary supplement standard reference materials (SRMs) containing bitter orange has been developed, and the levels of five alkaloids and caffeine have been measured by multiple analytical methods. Synephrine, octopamine, tyramine, N-methyltyramine, hordenine, total alkaloids, and caffeine were determined by as many as six analytical methods, with measurements performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and at two collaborating laboratories. The methods offer substantial independence, with two types of extractions, two separation methods, and four detection methods. Excellent agreement was obtained among the measurements, with data reproducibility for most methods and analytes better than 5% relative standard deviation. The bitter-orange-containing dietary supplement SRMs are intended primarily for use as measurement controls and for use in the development and validation of analytical methods. C1 [Sander, L. C.; Putzbach, K.; Nelson, B. C.; Rimmer, C. A.; Bedner, M.; Thomas, J. Brown; Porter, B. J.; Wood, L. J.; Schantz, M. M.; Murphy, K. E.; Sharpless, K. E.; Wise, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yen, J. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Siitonen, P. H.; Evans, R. L.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Roman, M. C.] ChromaDex Inc, Res & Dev, Clearwater, FL 33760 USA. [Betz, J. M.] Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sander, LC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lane.sander@nist.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 391 IS 6 BP 2023 EP 2034 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2074-0 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 319YF UT WOS:000257200200006 PM 18425642 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Turk, GC Dickerson, RM Hoover, MD AF Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. Turk, Gregory C. Dickerson, Robert M. Hoover, Mark D. TI Size-selective poorly soluble particulate reference materials for evaluation of quantitative analytical methods SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM 11) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2007 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE reference materials; particulate; digestion; beryllium; method validation ID CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE AB Owing to the absence of readily available certified particulate reference materials (RMs), most analytical methods used to determine particulate contaminant levels in workplace or other environments are validated using solution RMs, which do not assess the robustness of the digestion step for all forms and sizes of particles in a sample. A library of particulate RMs having a range of chemical forms and particle sizes is needed to support a shift in method evaluation strategies to include both solution and particulate RMs. In support of creating this library, we characterized bulk and physically size separated fractions of beryllium oxide (BeO) particles recovered from the machining fluid sludge of an industrial ceramic products grinding operation. Particles were large agglomerates of compact, crystalline BeO primary particles having diameters on the order of several micrometers. As expected, the particle surface area was independent of sieve size, with a range from 3.61 m(2)/g (53-63-mu m fraction) to 4.82 m(2)/g (355-600-mu m fraction). The density was near the theoretical value (3.01 g/cm(3)). The data support more detailed characterization of the sludge materials for use as size-selective RMs. This work illustrates an approach that can be used to develop RMs that are difficult to digest. C1 [Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Hoover, Mark D.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Turk, Gregory C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dickerson, Robert M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdate Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM astefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 391 IS 6 BP 2071 EP 2077 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-1870-x PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 319YF UT WOS:000257200200011 PM 18224470 ER PT J AU Dulvy, NK Baum, JK Clarke, S Compagno, LJV Cortes, E Domingo, A Fordham, S Fowler, S Francis, MP Gibson, C Martinez, J Musick, JA Soldo, A Stevens, JD Valenti, S AF Dulvy, Nicholas K. Baum, Julia K. Clarke, Shelley Compagno, Leonard J. V. Cortes, Enric Domingo, Andres Fordham, Sonja Fowler, Sarah Francis, Malcolm P. Gibson, Claudine Martinez, Jimmy Musick, John A. Soldo, Alen Stevens, John D. Valenti, Sarah TI You can swim but you can't hide: the global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE biodiversity conservation; demography; elasmobranch; life histories; blue shark; white shark; porbeagle; thresher shark; tuna; billfish ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; DASYATIS-VIOLACEA BONAPARTE; BIGEYE THRESHER SHARK; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PRIONACE-GLAUCA; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; SHORTFIN MAKO; BLUE SHARK; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB 1. Fishing spans all oceans and the impact on ocean predators such as sharks and rays is largely unknown. A lack of data and complicated jurisdictional issues present particular challenges for assessing and conserving high seas biodiversity. It is clear, however, that pelagic sharks and rays of the open ocean are subject to high and often unrestricted levels of mortality from bycatch and targeted fisheries for their meat and valuable fins. 2. These species exhibit a wide range of life-history characteristics, but many have relatively low productivity and consequently relatively high intrinsic vulnerability to over-exploitation. The IUCN-World Conservation Union Red List criteria were used to assess the global status of 21 oceanic pelagic shark and ray species. 3. Three-quarters (16) of these species are classified as Threatened or Near Threatened. Eleven species are globally threatened with higher risk of extinction: the giant devilray is Endangered, ten sharks are Vulnerable and a further five species are Near Threatened. Threat status depends on the interaction between the demographic resilience of the species and intensity of fisheries exploitation. 4. Most threatened species, like the shortfin mako shark, have low population increase rates and suffer high fishing mortality throughout their range. Species with a lower risk of extinction have either fast, resilient life histories (e.g. pelagic stingray) or are species with slow, less resilient life histories but subject to fisheries management (e.g. salmon shark). 5. Recommendations, including implementing and enforcing firming bans and catch limits, are made to guide effective conservation and management of these sharks and rays. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dulvy, Nicholas K.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S5, Canada. [Baum, Julia K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Clarke, Shelley] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Compagno, Leonard J. V.] Iziko S African Museum, Shark Res Ctr, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. [Cortes, Enric] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Domingo, Andres] Direec Nacl Recursos Acuat Recursos Pelag, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Fordham, Sonja] Ocean Conservancy & Shark Alliance, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Fowler, Sarah; Gibson, Claudine; Valenti, Sarah] Nat Bur Int, IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Grp, Newbury RG14 5SJ, Berks, England. [Francis, Malcolm P.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Soldo, Alen] Univ Split, Ctr Marine Studies, Split 21000, Croatia. [Stevens, John D.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Martinez, Jimmy] Escuela Pesca Pacifico Oriental EPESPO, Manta, Ecuador. RP Dulvy, NK (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S5, Canada. EM nick_dulvy@sfu.ca RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013; Soldo, Alen/C-6802-2017; OI Soldo, Alen/0000-0002-0748-7558; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 FU Conservation International FX The pelagic shark workshop and the work presented in this report were supported by the Pew Charitable Trust/Lenfest Ocean Programme. Conservation International is funding the completion of the SSG's global chondrichthyan assessment. We also acknowledge the numerous other funders of the SSG's various Red List workshops over the past four years. Full details Eire provided on the Funding Acknowledgements page of the SSG's website(www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/organizations/ssg/ssgfunds.htm). We thank Fabrizio Serena, Colin Simpfendorfer and John Baxter for their constructive comments. NR 158 TC 276 Z9 289 U1 38 U2 320 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 459 EP 482 DI 10.1002/aqc.975 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 340FK UT WOS:000258631300002 ER PT J AU Harino, H Ohji, M Brownell, RL Arai, T Miyazaki, N AF Harino, Hiroya Ohji, Madoka Brownell, Robert L. Arai, Takaomi Miyazaki, Nobuyuki TI Concentrations of organotin compounds in the stranded killer whales from Rausu, Hokkaido, Japan SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS; COASTAL WATERS; MARINE MAMMALS; PHENYLTIN COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; POLISH COAST; BALTIC SEA; ACCUMULATION; TRIBUTYLTIN; SEDIMENT AB We measured the concentrations of butyltin (BT) and phenyltin (PT) compounds in blubber, liver, lung, and muscle of seven stranded killer whales (Orcinus orca) collected from Rausu, Hokkaido, Japan. BTs in blubber (n = 6), liver (n = 4), lung (n = 1), and muscle (n = 4) of adult whale were in the range of 37-90, 385-676, 15, and 26-53 mu g kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. Concentrations of PTs in blubber, liver, lung, and muscle were < 1 to 58, < 1 to 14, 7 and < 1 to 4 mu g kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. Detected frequencies of PTs were low in all tissues. Higher percentages of monobutyltin (MBT) in blubber, lung, and muscle were observed, while the percentage of dibutyltin (DBT) was high in liver. Detected frequencies of triphenyltin (TPT) were highest among tissues. Total BT concentrations in blubber and liver of a whale calf were lower than those in adult whales. MBT and DBT in the liver of the calf were the same (42%). MBT in blubber was the dominant compound among BTs. C1 [Harino, Hiroya] Osaka City Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Sci, Tennoji Ku, Osaka 5430026, Japan. [Ohji, Madoka] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Inst Symbiot Sci & Technol, Tokyo 1838509, Japan. [Brownell, Robert L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Arai, Takaomi] Univ Tokyo, Int Coastal Res Ctr, Ocean Res Inst, Otsuchi, Iwate 0281102, Japan. [Miyazaki, Nobuyuki] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Int Cooperat, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. RP Harino, H (reprint author), Osaka City Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Sci, Tennoji Ku, Tohjo Cho 8-34, Osaka 5430026, Japan. EM dpbpw003@kawachi.zaq.ne.jp OI Miyazaki, Nobuyuki/0000-0001-8094-683X NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-9107-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 301CT UT WOS:000255874700016 PM 18166983 ER PT J AU Irwin, JS Civerolo, K Hogrefe, C Appel, W Foley, K Swall, J AF Irwin, John S. Civerolo, Kevin Hogrefe, Christian Appel, Wyat Foley, Kristen Swall, Jenise TI A procedure for inter-comparing the skill of regional-scale air quality model simulations of daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE model evaluation; regional-scale; air quality ID AMS WORKSHOP; WOODS-HOLE; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; PREDICTIONS/; METEOROLOGY; UNCERTAINTY; STATISTICS AB An operational model evaluation procedure is described to quantitatively assess the relative skill among several regional-scale air quality models simulating various percentiles of the cumulative frequency distribution of observed daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations. Bootstrap sampling is used to characterize the variability in the observed percentile values, thereby providing a means for assessing whether the differences seen between model predictions are significant. The procedure was designed to facilitate model inter-comparisons, since all that is needed to implement the procedure is for each modeler to provide a listing of the daily maximum 8-h ozone concentration predictions for a summer season for grid cells containing ozone monitors. Available ozone modeling results for the summer of 2002 from four regional-scale air quality simulations are used here to illustrate the results that can be obtained. These simulations were conducted using the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with somewhat different setups. The modeling domains were different, but there is a region in the central Eastern United States where ozone estimates from all four simulations are available. Our objective is to describe the inter-comparison procedure, to illustrate the results obtained, and to stimulate discussions on how similar procedures might be developed and improved in the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Irwin, John S.] John S Irwin & Associates, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA. [Civerolo, Kevin] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Air Resources, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Hogrefe, Christian] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Appel, Wyat; Foley, Kristen; Swall, Jenise] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Irwin, JS (reprint author), John S Irwin & Associates, 1900 Pony Run Rd, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA. EM jsirwinetal@nc.rr.com OI Swall, Jenise/0000-0001-8728-5771; Civerolo, Kevin/0000-0003-1536-2664 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 21 BP 5403 EP 5412 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.046 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330RQ UT WOS:000257960900019 ER PT J AU Sarwar, G Roselle, SJ Mathur, R Appel, W Dennis, RL Vogel, B AF Sarwar, Golam Roselle, Shawn J. Mathur, Rohit Appel, Wyat Dennis, Robin L. Vogel, Bernhard TI A comparison of CMAQ HONO predictions with observations from the northeast oxidant and particle study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Atmospheric Chemical Mechanisms CY DEC 06-08, 2006 CL Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA SP UC Davis, Air Qial Res Ctr, Calif Air Resources Board, Amer Chem Council, Elect Power Res Inst HO Univ Calif Davis DE nitrous acid; homogeneous reaction; heterogeneous reaction; surface photolysis reaction; emissions ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NITROUS-ACID FORMATION; MODEL DESCRIPTION; PHOTOLYSIS; NO2; SURFACES; URBAN; CONVERSION; CHEMISTRY AB Predictions of nitrous acid from the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system are compared with the measurements from the 2001 Northeast Oxidant and Particle Study. Four different sources of nitrous acid were considered in the study: gas-phase reactions, direct emissions, a heterogeneous reaction, and a surface photolysis reaction. When only gas-phase reactions were considered in the model, the diurnally averaged mean bias, the normalized mean bias, the root mean square error, and the normalized mean error of the model were -1.01 ppbv, -98%. 1.05 ppbv, and 98%, respectively. However, the diurnally averaged mean bias, normalized mean bias, the root mean square error, and the normalized mean error of the model improved to -0.42 ppbv, -41 %, 0.45 ppbv, and 41 %, respectively, when all sources were considered. Model results suggest that the heterogeneous reaction and the surface photolysis reaction are the most important sources of nitrous acid in the atmosphere, accounting for about 86% of the predicted nitrous acid. Emissions and the gas-phase reactions were relatively minor sources and accounted for only 14% of the predicted nitrous acid. Model predictions suggest that the heterogeneous reaction is the most significant source of nitrous acid at night, while the surface photolysis reaction is the most significant source during the day. The addition of these sources increased the diurnally averaged hydroxyl radicals and ozone by 10% and 1.4 ppbv, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sarwar, Golam] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Roselle, Shawn J.; Mathur, Rohit; Appel, Wyat; Dennis, Robin L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Vogel, Bernhard] Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Sarwar, G (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM sarwar.golam@epa.gov RI Vogel, Bernhard/A-9558-2013 NR 47 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 23 BP 5760 EP 5770 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.065 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 336LM UT WOS:000258365300004 ER PT J AU Sommariva, R Trainer, M de Gouw, JA Roberts, JM Warneke, C Atlas, E Flocke, F Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Swanson, AL Fehsenfeld, FC AF Sommariva, Roberto Trainer, Michael de Gouw, Joost A. Roberts, James M. Warneke, Carsten Atlas, Elliot Flocke, Frank Goldan, Paul D. Kuster, William C. Swanson, Aaron L. Fehsenfeld, Fred C. TI A study of organic nitrates formation in an urban plume using a Master Chemical Mechanism SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Atmospheric Chemical Mechanisms CY DEC 06-08, 2006 CL Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA SP UC Davis, Air Qial Res Ctr, Calif Air Resources Board, Amer Chem Council, Elect Power Res Inst HO Univ Calif Davis DE urban plume; photochemistry; MCM; alkyl nitrates; NEAQS ID MCM V3 PART; ALKYL NITRATES; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; AIR; EVOLUTION; PROTOCOL; CHEMISTRY AB Secondary organic chemistry inside a typical urban plume in the North-East of the United States has been studied using a highly detailed chemical model, based upon the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The model results have been qualitatively compared to measurements taken during three flights of the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, which sampled a plume from the New York City area during the NEAQS 2004 campaign. The model has been used to study the formation processes and photochemical evolution of alkyl nitrates. While long-chain (C5) alkyl nitrates are produced for 90% or more from the oxidation of a single parent alkane, shortchain (< C4) alkyl tutrates can be formed from several precursors. The relative importance of each production route has been quantitatively determined thanks to the high level of chemical detail provided by the MCM. These secondary routes to the formation of alkyl nitrates include the oxidation of longer-chain alkanes and oxygenated intermediates, like carbonyls, peroxides and carboxylic acids. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sommariva, Roberto; Trainer, Michael; de Gouw, Joost A.; Roberts, James M.; Warneke, Carsten; Goldan, Paul D.; Kuster, William C.; Fehsenfeld, Fred C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sommariva, Roberto; de Gouw, Joost A.; Roberts, James M.; Warneke, Carsten; Goldan, Paul D.; Kuster, William C.; Fehsenfeld, Fred C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atlas, Elliot] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Flocke, Frank; Swanson, Aaron L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sommariva, R (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM roberto.sommariva@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Sommariva, Roberto/M-5361-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Sommariva, Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 23 BP 5771 EP 5786 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.031 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 336LM UT WOS:000258365300005 ER PT J AU Setvak, M Lindsey, DT Rabin, RM Wang, PK Demeterova, A AF Setvak, Martin Lindsey, Daniel T. Rabin, Robert M. Wang, Pao K. Demeterova, Alzbeta TI Indication of water vapor transport into the lower stratosphere above midlatitude convective storms: Meteosat Second Generation satellite observations and radiative transfer model simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE convective storms; cloud top microphysics; stratospheric moisture; tropopause ID THUNDERSTORM; CLOUDS; MSG AB Past studies using a variety of satellite instruments have demonstrated the possibility of detecting lower stratospheric water vapor against a cold background of deep convective storm tops. The method is based on the brightness temperature difference (BTD) between the water vapor absorption and infrared window bands, assuming a thermal inversion above the cloud top level. This paper confirms the earlier studies, documenting positive BTD values between the 6.2 mu m and 10.8 mu m bands in Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) imagery above tops of deep convective storms over Europe. The observed positive BTD values for a case from 28 June 2005 are compared to calculations from a radiative transfer model, and possible reasons for their existence are discussed. A localized increase in positive BTD is observed at the later stages of storm evolution, and this increase is likely a signal of water vapor being transported by this particular storm from the troposphere into the lower stratosphere. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Setvak, Martin; Demeterova, Alzbeta] CHMI, Satellite Dept, CZ-14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, NOAA, NESDIS,RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wang, Pao K.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Setvak, M (reprint author), CHMI, Satellite Dept, Sabatce 17, CZ-14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic. EM setvak@chmi.cz RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.11.031 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 324LU UT WOS:000257520900013 ER PT J AU Ralchenko, Y Janev, RK Kato, T Fursa, DV Bray, I de Heer, FJ AF Ralchenko, Yu. Janev, R. K. Kato, T. Fursa, D. V. Bray, I. de Heer, F. J. TI Electron-impact excitation and ionization cross sections for ground state and excited helium atoms SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; PLASMA AB Comprehensive and critically assessed cross sections for the electron-impact excitation and ionization of ground state and excited helium atoms are presented. All states (atomic terms) with it <= 4 are treated individually, while the states with n >= 5 are considered degenerate. For the processes involving transitions to and from n >= 5 levels, suitable cross section scaling relations are presented. For a large number of transitions, from both ground and excited states, convergent close coupling calculations were performed to achieve a high accuracy of the data. The evaluated/recommended cross section data are presented by analytic fit functions, which preserve the correct asymptotic behavior of the cross sections. The cross sections are also displayed in graphical form. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Janev, R. K.] Macedonian Acad Sci & Arts, Skopje 91000, Macedonia. [Kato, T.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 50952, Japan. [Fursa, D. V.; Bray, I.] Murdoch Univ, ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [de Heer, F. J.] FOM Inst Atom & Mol Phys, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Fursa, Dmitry/C-2301-2009; Bray, Igor/B-8586-2009; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Fursa, Dmitry/0000-0002-3951-9016; Bray, Igor/0000-0001-7554-8044; Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 34 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X EI 1090-2090 J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JUL PY 2008 VL 94 IS 4 BP 603 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2007.11.003 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 315ZC UT WOS:000256917700002 ER PT J AU Snover, ML AF Snover, Melissa L. TI Ontogenetic habitat shifts in marine organisms: Influencing factors and the impact of climate variability SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th William R/Lenore Mote International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology CY NOV 14-16, 2006 CL Sarasota, FL ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CARETTA-CARETTA; PREDATION RISK; PATCH SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORY; REEF FISH; GROWTH AB Many marine animals must increase by several orders of magnitude in size as they grow from eggs or larvae to adults, and ecological scaling properties limit the size range over which certain habitats are exploitable. Many of these organisms therefore undergo one or more ontogenetic habitat shifts as they grow to maximize growth rates while minimizing predation risk. An understanding of the mechanisms that influence the timing and optimal sizes at these shifts is critical in managing both target and by-catch populations affected by fisheries. Here I summarize ecological processes that influence ontogenetic habitat shifts, including size-specific predation, size-specific limitations to habitat exploitation, and density dependence. I also consider how climate change may affect the variability in these processes. To illustrate the potential impact of climate variability, I present a simple model building on previous theoretical studies of ontogenetic habitat shifts. As a case study, I used the model to consider differences in the timing of the shift from pelagic to neritic habitats in populations of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta Linnaeus, 1758), which are vulnerable to by-catch in different fisheries in the two habitats. Results of the model suggest that the optimal size at the pelagic-to-neritic habitat shift in loggerhead sea turtles may vary considerably over time. Generalizing these results, we must place our understanding of ontogenetic habitat shifts in the context of climate variability and recognize that the results of short-term observations and experiments may not be applicable at longer time scales. C1 NOAA NMFS Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Snover, ML (reprint author), NOAA NMFS Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM melissa.snover@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 83 IS 1 BP 53 EP 67 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 347AD UT WOS:000259110100004 ER PT J AU Alonzo, SH Ish, T Key, M MacCall, AD Mangel, M AF Alonzo, Suzanne H. Ish, Teresa Key, Meisha MacCall, Alec D. Mangel, Marc TI The importance of incorporating protogynous sex change into stock assessments SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th William R/Lenore Mote International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology CY NOV 14-16, 2006 CL Sarasoto, FL ID SEMICOSSYPHUS-PULCHER; FISH POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; LABRIDAE; PISCES; MATURATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Although it is generally recognized that management strategies should consider life-history variation, little is known about how various reproductive strategies affect stock dynamics. Protogynous (female-to-male) sex change is a relatively common life history pattern in fishes for which standard assessment methods do not exist. We developed a stock-assessment model for a commercially and recreationally exploited sex-changing species [California sheephead, Semicossyphus pulcher (Ayres, 1854)] to determine how ignoring or including sex change affects the assessment of the stock. First, we demonstrated that ignoring sex change leads to an overestimate of spawning biomass and very different conclusions regarding the effect of exploitation on the spawning potential ratio (SPR). Furthermore, we found that the stock assessment is highly uncertain (current SPR estimates range from 0.08 to 0.6) because we do not know how male depletion affects reproduction or what determines individual and population variation in the size of sex change. Our results demonstrate that, although incorporating sex change into stock-assessment models is important, assessment of protogynous stocks also requires knowledge of the effect of male depletion on spawning potential and the factors that determine sex change. C1 [Alonzo, Suzanne H.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Key, Meisha] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Calif Dept Fish & Game, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [MacCall, Alec D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Alonzo, SH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, POB 208106, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM suzanne.alonzo@yale.edu NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 83 IS 1 BP 163 EP 179 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 347AD UT WOS:000259110100009 ER PT J AU Cowan, JH Grimes, CB Shaw, RF AF Cowan, James H., Jr. Grimes, Churchill B. Shaw, Richard F. TI Life history, history, hysteresis, and habitat changes in Louisiana's coastal ecosystem SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th William R/Lenore Mote International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology CY NOV 14-16, 2006 CL Sarasoto, FL ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SHELF WATERS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; MARSH-EDGE FISHES; MARINE FOOD WEBS; BREVOORTIA-PATRONUS; NORTHERN GULF; SALT-MARSH; WESTERN LOUISIANA; NATANT MACROFAUNA AB Perhaps the most perplexing aspect of the highly engineered and artificial Mississippi River deltaic ecosystem is lack of evidence that fish production has decreased. Louisiana accounts for similar to 75% of the fishery landings in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and 60%-80% of the nation's total annual coastal wetland loss, the human-caused reasons for which are well documented. Continued alteration, degradation, and loss of Louisiana's estuarine and wetland habitats makes knowledge of the relationship between habitat stability, and its effects on nursery-ground function and fish production, critical. As a result of this issue in Louisiana and elsewhere, concepts of ecosystem management and sustainable development have become part of state, national, and international dialogue about adaptive environmental management. Formulation and implementation of long-term, sustainable coastal policies and integrated management strategies demand a better understanding of (1) habitat and ecological stability and associated functional responses to both episodic and chronic insults, especially given the limited vitality of already-stressed coastal ecosystems, and (2) the compounding and complex effects of multiple impacts superimposed on issues associated with shifting baselines and climate change. C1 [Cowan, James H., Jr.; Shaw, Richard F.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Cowan, James H., Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Cowan, JH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jhcowan@lsu.edu NR 108 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 23 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 83 IS 1 BP 197 EP 215 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 347AD UT WOS:000259110100011 ER PT J AU Lucero, Y AF Lucero, Yasmin TI Maternal effects and time to recovery SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th William R/Lenore Mote International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology CY NOV 14-16, 2006 CL Sarasoto, FL ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEBASTES SPP.; ROCKFISHES SEBASTES; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; NATURAL MORTALITY; FISH POPULATIONS; LARVAL GROWTH; MARINE FISH; PREDATION AB The discovery of an age-dependent maternal effect in black rockfish (Sebastes melanops Girard, 1856) raises questions about the impacts of fishing on population productivity and, by extension, the ability of overfished populations to recover. I used a simulation to investigate whether a population with an age-dependent maternal effect will recover faster from overfishing than a population without one. The maternal effect is modeled with a multivariate Beverton-Holt stock-recruitment model. This new stock-recruitment function is a modified version of the classic Beverton-Holt model. The parameters are chosen so that prerecruitment mortality and survival rates of offspring depend on the age of their mother, hereafter referred to as their "maternal age." The development of the maternal effect past the very early larval stage is unknown; this uncertainty is addressed by multiple hypotheses. Many scenarios were simulated and the results are presented as a summary. I found that populations with an age-dependent maternal effect generally recovered faster than populations without one, but if the maternal effect strongly affects density-dependent mortality of juveniles, then time to recovery might not improve with the addition of a maternal effect and might increase. For most cases (85% of those tested) changes in recovery time were between an increase of 3 yrs and a decrease of 14 yrs. These simulation results show that an age-dependent maternal effect may influence a population's ability to recover from an overfished state. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lucero, Y (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM yasmin.lucero@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 83 IS 1 BP 217 EP 234 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 347AD UT WOS:000259110100012 ER PT J AU Durre, I AF Durre, Imke TI UNTAPPED CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR PERSONS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VISION C1 [Durre, Imke] NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Durre, I (reprint author), ISI Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM imke.durre@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 89 IS 7 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2447.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 439GD UT WOS:000265614700005 ER PT J AU MacGorman, DR Rust, WD Schuur, TJ Biggerstaff, MI Straka, JM Ziegler, CL Mansell, ER Bruning, EC Kuhlman, KM Lund, NR Biermann, NS Payne, C Carey, LD Krehbiel, PR Rison, W Eack, KB Beasley, WH AF MacGorman, Donald R. Rust, W. David Schuur, Terry J. Biggerstaff, Michael I. Straka, Jerry M. Ziegler, Conrad L. Mansell, Edward R. Bruning, Eric C. Kuhlman, Kristin M. Lund, Nicole R. Biermann, Nicholas S. Payne, Clark Carey, Larry D. Krehbiel, Paul R. Rison, William Eack, Kenneth B. Beasley, William H. TI TELEX The Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; POLARITY ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; STRATIFORM REGION; MULTICELL STORM; CHARGE; STEPS; PRECIPITATION; PROPAGATION; WSR-88D C1 [MacGorman, Donald R.] NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, WRDD, NWC, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.; Rust, W. David; Schuur, Terry J.; Biggerstaff, Michael I.; Straka, Jerry M.; Ziegler, Conrad L.; Mansell, Edward R.; Bruning, Eric C.; Kuhlman, Kristin M.; Lund, Nicole R.; Payne, Clark] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Biggerstaff, Michael I.; Straka, Jerry M.; Bruning, Eric C.; Kuhlman, Kristin M.; Lund, Nicole R.; Biermann, Nicholas S.; Payne, Clark; Beasley, William H.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Carey, Larry D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Rison, William; Eack, Kenneth B.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP MacGorman, DR (reprint author), NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, WRDD, NWC, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM don.macgorman@noaa.gov OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Biggerstaff, Michael/0000-0002-6690-784X FU National Science Foundation [ATM-9912562, ATM-9912073, ATM-0233268]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-00-1-0525] FX TELEX data acquisition and analysis were supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-9912562, ATM-9912073, and ATM-0233268 and by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-00-1-0525. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Office of Naval Research. Additional support was provided by the National Severe Storms Laboratory, the University of Oklahoma Regents, the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, NOAA's United States Weather Research Program, and Texas A& M University. The National Center for Atmospheric Research provided the GPS dropsonde system. The TELEX field program would have been impossible without the participation of too many people to list, including more than 30 students from the University of Oklahoma. NR 64 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 89 IS 7 BP 997 EP 1013 DI 10.1175/2007BAMS2352.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 439GD UT WOS:000265614700006 ER PT J AU Parker, DJ Fink, A Janicot, S Ngamini, JB Douglas, M Afiesimama, E Agusti-Panareda, A Beljaars, A Dide, F Diedhiou, A Lebel, T Polcher, J Redelsperger, JL Thorncroft, C Wilson, GA AF Parker, Douglas J. Fink, Andreas Janicot, Serge Ngamini, Jean-Blaise Douglas, Michael Afiesimama, Ernest Agusti-Panareda, Anna Beljaars, Anton Dide, Francis Diedhiou, Arona Lebel, Thierry Polcher, Jan Redelsperger, Jean-Luc Thorncroft, Chris Wilson, George Ato TI THE AMMA RADIOSONDE PROGRAM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE OF ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING OVER AFRICA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIELD CAMPAIGN; MONSOON; JET C1 [Parker, Douglas J.] Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Fink, Andreas] Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [Janicot, Serge] IRD, LOCEAN, Paris, France. [Ngamini, Jean-Blaise] ASECNA, Dakar, Senegal. [Douglas, Michael] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Afiesimama, Ernest] NIMET, Abuja, Nigeria. [Agusti-Panareda, Anna; Beljaars, Anton] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Dide, Francis] DMN, Cotonou, Benin. [Diedhiou, Arona; Lebel, Thierry] IRD, LTHE, Grenoble, France. [Polcher, Jan] CNRS, IPSL, Paris, France. [Redelsperger, Jean-Luc] CNRS, CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Thorncroft, Chris] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Wilson, George Ato] GMet, Accra, Ghana. RP Parker, DJ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM doug@env.leeds.ac.uk RI Janicot, Serge/E-8493-2012; Jean-Luc, Redelsperger/L-4021-2015; Parker, Douglas/O-8051-2015; Fink, Andreas/F-3024-2017 OI Parker, Douglas/0000-0003-2335-8198; Fink, Andreas/0000-0002-5840-2120 FU AMMA-EU; ACI RNCC 2003; NERC [NE/B505538/1]; NASA; ARM program FX The largest contribution of finances, facilities, and personnel for the AMMA upper-air program and its management came from the operational commitments of the African meteorological agencies. Funding has also been provided by AMMA-EU, the French Program ACI RNCC 2003, NERC (NE/B505538/1), NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Activities (NAMMA), and the ARM program. NR 17 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 89 IS 7 BP 1015 EP 1027 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2436.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 439GD UT WOS:000265614700007 ER PT J AU Hook, TO Rutherford, ES Croley, TE Mason, DM Madenjian, CP AF Hoeoek, Tomas O. Rutherford, Edward S. Croley, Thomas E., II Mason, Doran M. Madenjian, Charles P. TI Annual variation in habitat-specific recruitment success: implications from an individual-based model of Lake Michigan alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER TEMPERATURE; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FISHERIES SUSTAINABILITY; MARINE NURSERIES; ATLANTIC COD; LARVAL FISH; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; ONTARIO AB The identification of important spawning and nursery habitats for fish stocks can aid fisheries management, but is complicated by various factors, including annual variation in recruitment success. The alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) is an ecologically important species in Lake Michigan that utilizes a variety of habitats for spawning and early life growth. While productive, warm tributary mouths (connected to Lake Michigan) may contribute disproportionately more recruits (relative to their habitat volume) to the adult alewife population than cooler, less productive nearshore habitats, the extent of interannual variation in the relative contributions of recruits from these two habitat types remains unknown. We used an individual-based bioenergetics simulation model and input data on daily temperatures to estimate alewife recruitment to the adult population by these different habitat types. Simulations suggest that nearshore lake habitats typically produce the vast majority of young alewife recruits. However, tributary habitats may contribute the majority of alewife recruits during years of low recruitment. We suggest that high interannual variation in the relative importance of habitats for recruitment is a common phenomenon, which should be considered when developing habitat management plans for fish populations. C1 [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Rutherford, Edward S.] Univ Michigan, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Rutherford, Edward S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Croley, Thomas E., II; Mason, Doran M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM thook@purdue.edu OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 NR 58 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1402 EP 1412 DI 10.1139/F08-066 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322EX UT WOS:000257359100015 ER PT J AU Anderson, EC Waples, RS Kalinowski, ST AF Anderson, Eric C. Waples, Robin S. Kalinowski, Steven T. TI An improved method for predicting the accuracy of genetic stock identification SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHINOOK SALMON; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; ADMIXTURE ANALYSIS; MIXTURE ANALYSIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISHERIES; ALASKA; MODEL; PROPORTIONS AB Estimating the accuracy of genetic stock identification (GSI) that can be expected given a previously collected baseline requires simulation. The conventional method involves repeatedly simulating mixtures by resampling from the baseline, simulating new baselines by resampling from the baseline, and analyzing the simulated mixtures with the simulated baselines. We show that this overestimates the predicted accuracy of GSI. The bias is profound for closely related populations and increases as more genetic data (loci and (or) alleles) are added to the analysis. We develop a new method based on leave-one-out cross validation and show that it yields essentially unbiased estimates of GSI accuracy. Applying both our method and the conventional method to a coastwide baseline of 166 Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations shows that the conventional method provides severely biased predictions of accuracy for some individual populations. The bias for reporting units (aggregations of closely related populations) is moderate, but still present. C1 [Anderson, Eric C.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kalinowski, Steven T.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM eric.anderson@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 37 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1475 EP 1486 DI 10.1139/F08-049 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322EX UT WOS:000257359100021 ER PT J AU Wilson, AE Gossiaux, DC Hook, TO Berry, JP Landrum, PF Dyble, J Guildford, SJ AF Wilson, Alan E. Gossiaux, Duane C. Hoeoek, Tomas O. Berry, John P. Landrum, Peter F. Dyble, Julianne Guildford, Stephanie J. TI Evaluation of the human health threat associated with the hepatotoxin microcystin in the muscle and liver tissues of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTIVOROUS SILVER CARP; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; TOXIC MICROCYSTIS; LAKE-ERIE; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SECONDARY METABOLITES; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN; DAPHNIA-PULICARIA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; IN-SITU AB During the summer of 2006, the western basin of Lake Erie experienced a bloom of the toxigenic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Across 11 sites, intracellular, particulate-bound microcystin levels in the seston increased to levels that exceeded World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water exposure (1 mu g toxin-L(-1)). In contrast, toxin concentrations in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) muscle tissue (n = 68) declined from June to August, were negatively related to algal toxin levels, and never exceeded a conservative chronic exposure concentration estimated using proposed United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) guidelines. Microcystin concentrations in yellow perch liver exceeded US EPA chronic exposure guidelines, were on average 125 times higher than muscle toxin concentrations per unit dry weight, and varied little throughout the summer. With current guidelines, humans do not appear to be at risk when consuming the muscle tissue of Lake Erie yellow perch collected during large-scale cyanobacterial blooms. However, this study highlights the need for a better understanding of the trophic transfer of cyanobacterial toxins through aquatic food webs in diverse ecosystems with an emphasis on understanding if these compounds could accumulate sufficiently to affect human health. C1 [Wilson, Alan E.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Gossiaux, Duane C.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Landrum, Peter F.; Dyble, Julianne] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Berry, John P.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Guildford, Stephanie J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Wilson, AE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM wilson@auburn.edu NR 68 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 35 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1487 EP 1497 DI 10.1139/F08-067 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322EX UT WOS:000257359100022 ER PT J AU Gooding, RH Wagner, CA AF Gooding, R. H. Wagner, C. A. TI On the inclination functions and a rapid stable procedure for their evaluation together with derivatives SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE inclination functions; rotation of spherical harmonics; satellite perturbations ID HARMONICS; PERTURBATIONS; SATELLITES; ORBITS AB The authors' individual work on the inclination functions over a period of more than 30 years has led to the need for a joint paper. Intervening papers by other authors have demonstrated misunderstandings needing to be corrected, in particular concerning the key recurrence relation published by the present first author in 1971. This relation is remarkably stable, though this has not always been recognized. The real source of error with the specific functions that are involved in the recurrence relation arises from the possibilities for underflow (as well as overflow) in the computation. The problem exists even with normalized versions of the functions, and is carefully addressed. Very important, for both academic and practical reasons, is a general invariance relation that had been found earlier by the second author, for which a proof is given here for the first time. Some numerical results from our new (and highly efficient) procedure for computing the inclination functions are tabulated, and comparisons made with the results of other authors. Finally, Fortran code for an optimized implementation of this procedure is in supplementary material. C1 [Gooding, R. H.] Univ Surrey, Ctr Satellite Engn Res, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Wagner, C. A.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gooding, RH (reprint author), 19 Abbots Ride, Surrey GU9 8HY, England. EM family.gooding@virgin.net; carl.wagner@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 247 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10569-008-9145-6 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 323IQ UT WOS:000257440200002 ER PT J AU Noble, JE Wang, L Cerasoli, E Knight, AE Porter, RA Gray, E Howe, C Hannes, E Corbisier, P Wang, J Wu, L Altieri, I Patriarca, M Hoffman, A Resch-Genger, U Ebert, B Voigt, J Shigeri, Y Vonsky, MS Konopelko, LA Gaigalas, AK Bailey, MJA AF Noble, James E. Wang, Lili Cerasoli, Eleonora Knight, Alex E. Porter, Robert A. Gray, Elaine Howe, Chris Hannes, Elisabeth Corbisier, Philippe Wang, Jing Wu, Liqing Altieri, Ilaria Patriarca, Marina Hoffman, Angelika Resch-Genger, Ute Ebert, Bernd Voigt, Jan Shigeri, Yasushi Vonsky, Maxim S. Konopelko, Leonid A. Gaigalas, Adolfas K. Bailey, Marc J. A. TI An international comparability study to determine the sources of uncertainty associated with a non-competitive sandwich fluorescent ELISA SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ELISA; fluorescence; interferon; uncertainty ID COMPETITIVE ELISA; PLATES; QUANTITATION; IMMUNOASSAY; DIPHOSPHATE; VALIDATION; SUBSTRATE; PRECISION; RANGE; LIMIT AB Background: Immunoassays allow the specific detection and quantitation of biological molecules in complex samples at physiologically relevant concentrations. However, there are concerns over the comparability of such techniques when the same assay is performed by different operators or laboratories. An international intercomparison study was performed to assess the uncertainty involved in the estimation of a protein cytokine concentration using a fluorescent ELISA. Methods: The intercomparison study method was based on a non-competitive sandwich immunoassay with an enhancement step to generate a fluorescent readout. The intercomparison was performed in two phases, with the uncertainty of the instrument determined separately from that of the assay. The 11 laboratories participating in the study represented national metrology institutes or nominated expert laboratories. Results: Participants were asked to determine an undisclosed concentration of interferon using a supplied standard. The mean participant estimate and experimental standard deviation of the mean was 3.54 +/- 0.22 mg/L, with the spread of data ranging around +/- 35% of the mean. The quantitation range of the ELISA and of participants' instruments displayed large variation that contributed to the overall uncertainty. Conclusions: Identified sources of uncertainty within the ELISA methodology included pipetting, data fitting, model selection and instrument/plate variation. C1 [Noble, James E.; Cerasoli, Eleonora; Knight, Alex E.; Porter, Robert A.; Bailey, Marc J. A.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Wang, Lili; Gaigalas, Adolfas K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gray, Elaine] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar, Herts, England. [Howe, Chris] Natl Measurement Inst, Pymble, Australia. [Hannes, Elisabeth; Corbisier, Philippe] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Reference Mat Unit, Geel, Belgium. [Wu, Liqing; Altieri, Ilaria] Natl Inst Metrol, Div Biol Energy & Environm Measurement, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Altieri, Ilaria; Patriarca, Marina] ISS, Dept Food Safety & Publ Vet Hlth, Rome, Italy. BAM, Opt Spect, Berlin, Germany. [Ebert, Bernd; Voigt, Jan] PTB, Biomed Opt, Berlin, Germany. [Shigeri, Yasushi] NMIJ, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Osaka, Japan. [Vonsky, Maxim S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. [Konopelko, Leonid A.] DI Mendeleev Inst Metrol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Noble, JE (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Grp, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM james.noble@npl.co.uk; lili.wang@nist.gov RI Resch-Genger, Ute/B-8369-2009; Knight, Alex/C-6041-2008; Vonsky, Maxim/B-6506-2014; PATRIARCA, MARINA/E-3680-2015; OI Resch-Genger, Ute/0000-0002-0944-1115; Knight, Alex/0000-0001-7302-1636; Vonsky, Maxim/0000-0003-4061-7411; Konopelko, Leonid/0000-0002-4942-8329 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1033 EP 1045 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2008.182 PG 13 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 334JS UT WOS:000258218700023 PM 18605964 ER PT J AU Chopelet, J Mariani, S Waples, R AF Chopelet, J. Mariani, S. Waples, R. TI Does sex-change increase population genetic structure in marine fish? SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Experimental-Biology CY JUL 06-10, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP Soc Expt Biol C1 [Chopelet, J.; Mariani, S.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Waples, R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RI Mariani, Stefano/A-2964-2012; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Mariani, Stefano/0000-0002-5329-0553; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 150 IS 3 SU S BP S203 EP S203 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.568 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 326AY UT WOS:000257631500530 ER PT J AU Kim, J Pratt, MJ Iyer, RG Sriram, RD AF Kim, Junhwan Pratt, Michael J. Iyer, Raj G. Sriram, Ram D. TI Standardized data exchange of CAD models with design intent SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Data exchange; Design intent; CAD models; STEP; Construction history; Parameterization; Constraints ID CONSTRAINTS; SET AB Modern CAD systems-generate feature-based product shape models with parameterization and constraints. Until recently. standards for CAD data exchange among different CAD systems were restricted to the exchange of pure shape information. These standards ignored the construction history, parameters, constraints. features and other elements of design intent' present in the model to be transferred. This paper suggests an implementational foundation for CAD data exchange with the preservation of design intent, based on the use Of newly published parts of the International Standard ISO 10303 (STEP). Case studies are presented which employ a hypothetical STEP application protocol (AP) using Parts 55, 108 and 111 of ISO 10303. A prototype translator based on this AP has been implemented and tested. The paper reports on the experience gained in 'intelligent' data exchange. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Pratt, Michael J.] LMR Syst, Bedford MK43 7LA, England. [Kim, Junhwan; Sriram, Ram D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iyer, Raj G.] USA, TACOM, Warren, MI USA. RP Pratt, MJ (reprint author), LMR Syst, Bedford MK43 7LA, England. EM mike@lmr.clara.co.uk NR 28 TC 52 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-4485 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 7 SI SI BP 760 EP 777 DI 10.1016/j.cad.2007.06.014 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 358LF UT WOS:000259917600004 ER PT J AU Rachuri, S Subrahmanian, E Bouras, A Fenves, SJ Foufou, S Sriram, RD AF Rachuri, Sudarsan Subrahmanian, Eswaran Bouras, Abdelaziz Fenves, Steven J. Foufou, Sebti Sriram, Ram D. TI Information sharing and exchange in the context of product lifecycle management: Role of standards SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Product life cycle; PLM systems; Interoperahility; Data exchange; Open standards ID DESIGN AB This paper introduces a model of the information flows in Product Life cycle Management (PLM), serving as the basis for understanding the role of standards in PLM support systems. Support of PLM requires it set of complementary and interoperable standards that cover the full range of aspects of the products' life cycle. The paper identifies a typology of standards relevant to PLM Support that addresses the hierarchy of existing and evolving standards and their usage and identifies a Suite of standards supporting the exchange of product, process, operations and Supply chain information. A case Study illustrating the use of PLM standards in a large organization is presented. The potential role of harmonization among PLM support standards is described and it proposal is made for using open standards and open Source models for this important activity. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Rachuri, Sudarsan; Subrahmanian, Eswaran; Bouras, Abdelaziz; Fenves, Steven J.; Foufou, Sebti; Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rachuri, S (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sudarsan@nist.gov; sub@cs.cmu.edu; abdelaziz.bouras@univ-lyon2.fr; sfenves@cme.nist.gov; sfoufou@u-bourgogne.fr; sriram@cme.nist.gov RI Foufou, Sebti/E-2081-2015 OI Foufou, Sebti/0000-0002-3555-9125 NR 61 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-4485 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 7 SI SI BP 789 EP 800 DI 10.1016/j.cad.2007.06.012 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 358LF UT WOS:000259917600006 ER PT J AU Barker, LR Kelly, WR Guthrie, WF AF Barker, Lydia R. Kelly, W. Robert Guthrie, William F. TI Determination of sulfur in biodiesel and petroleum diesel by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using the gravimetric standard addition method-II SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB Sulfur in petroleum diesel is typically detected by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry by comparing the response of the unknown to a linear calibration curve composed of a series of matrix-identical standards. Because biodiesel contains about 11% oxygen by mass and diesel is oxygen-free, the determination of sulfur in biodiesel using petroleum diesel calibrants is predicted to be biased similar to -16% due to oxygen absorptive attenuation of the X-ray signal. A gravimetric standard addition method (SAM) was hypothesized to overcome this bias because it should be matrix-independent. Samples of both petroleum diesel (SRM 2723a and European Reference Material EF674a) and biodiesel (candidate SRM 2773, NREL 52537, and NREL 52533) were analyzed, comparing the traditional calibration curve method to the gravimetric SAM approach. As expected, no significant difference was found between the two methods when measuring sulfur in petroleum diesel. Sulfur determinations in biodiesel with petroleum diesel calibrants were lower by similar to 19% relative to the gravimetric SAM at the 3, 7, and 12 mu g/g levels. It is concluded that XRF using gravimetric SAM yields accurate sulfur measurements in biodiesel samples. In addition, the gravimetric SAM approach is insensitive to differences in the C/H ratio. C1 [Barker, Lydia R.; Kelly, W. Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guthrie, William F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelly, WR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.kelly@nist.gov RI Ye, Peng/E-2742-2010 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2488 EP 2490 DI 10.1021/ef800165j PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328IX UT WOS:000257793200050 ER PT J AU Ott, LS Smith, BL Bruno, TJ AF Ott, Lisa S. Smith, Beverly L. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Composition-explicit distillation curves of mixtures of diesel fuel with biomass-derived glycol ester oxygenates: A fuel design tool for decreased particulate emissions SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID AVIATION FUEL; ENGINE; REFORMULATION; IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; REDUCTION; PARTICLES; ADDITIVES; BLENDS; MODEL AB We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The composition explicit channel is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of rocket propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, diesel fuels, and crude oils. In this paper, we present the application of the technique to representative batches of petroleum derived diesel fuel and mixtures of this diesel fuel with some oxygenating agents that can be derived from biomass. The distillation curve data that are presented can be used for thermodynamic modeling of these complex fluids. Moreover, we present not only the distillation curves but also a chemical characterization of each fraction and discuss the contrasts between the various mixtures. C1 [Ott, Lisa S.; Smith, Beverly L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 50 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2518 EP 2526 DI 10.1021/ef800238m PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328IX UT WOS:000257793200054 ER PT J AU Laesecke, A Outcalt, SL Brumback, KJ AF Laesecke, Arno Outcalt, Stephanie L. Brumback, Karin J. TI Density and speed of sound measurements of methyl- and propylcyclohexane SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; ISENTROPIC COMPRESSIBILITIES; BINARY-MIXTURES; 303.15 K; PLUS ALKANES; T=298.15 K; HYDROCARBONS; VISCOSITY; LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURES AB The density and speed of sound of liquid methylcyclohexane and propylcyclohexane were measured with two vibrating-tube densimeters and a time-of-flight method, respectively. The combined range of the data is from 270 to 470 K with pressures to 40 MPa. The estimated uncertainties of the density and the speed of sound data are each 0.1%. The experimental data are represented by correlations within their estimated uncertainty. Comparisons with literature data show good agreement in overlapping ranges. Data presented here constitute a substantial addition to the previously available data for these two compounds. C1 [Laesecke, Arno; Outcalt, Stephanie L.; Brumback, Karin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Laesecke, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Amo.Laesecke@Boulder.NIST.GOV NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2629 EP 2636 DI 10.1021/ef800049h PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328IX UT WOS:000257793200068 ER PT J AU Ott, LS Bruno, TJ AF Ott, Lisa Starkey Bruno, Thomas J. TI Variability of biodiesel fuel and comparison to petroleum-derived diesel fuel: Application of a composition and enthalpy explicit distillation curve method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID AVIATION FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; MIXTURES; MODEL; S-8 AB We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. This new method is a significant improvement over current approaches, featuring, for two examples, a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis) and an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction. Herein, we compare the distillation curves of four different biodiesel fuel samples to assess possible variations in the distillation curves based on the source of the fuel. Next, we utilize the composition-explicit data channel to characterize distillate cuts of each of the four biodiesel fuels in terms of available energy content. The measure we use for the fluid energy content of each distillate fraction is the composite enthalpy of combustion. On a molar basis, the enthalpy of combustion of the four biodiesel fuels increased slightly with increasing distillation temperature. The biodiesel fuel sample with the highest methyl oleate content had a somewhat different distillation curve and distillate fraction enthalpies of combustion that were higher than those for the other three biodiesel fuels. Then, we compare both the distillation curves and enthalpies of combustion as a function of distillate fraction of the four biodiesel fuels with those for one petroleum-derived diesel fuel. The petroleum-derived diesel fuel is much more volatile than the biodiesel fuels, complete with a difference in initial boiling point of approximately 120 degrees C. Importantly, on a molar basis, the enthalpies of combustion of biodiesel fuels were greater in every distillate fraction compared to those of petroleum-derived diesel fuel; however, on a mass or volume basis, the petroleum-derived diesel fuel sample was more energetic. C1 [Ott, Lisa Starkey; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI Ye, Peng/E-2742-2010 NR 28 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2861 EP 2868 DI 10.1021/ef800172u PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328IX UT WOS:000257793200098 ER PT J AU Goin, JJ Williams, TH Donohoe, CJ AF Goin, Jonathan J. Williams, Thomas H. Donohoe, Christopher J. TI Variation of vertebral number in juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss in relation to upstream distance from the ocean SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE meristic variation; Oncorhynchus mykiss; anadromous; non-anadromous ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; MERISTIC VARIATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; BROWN TROUT; FISHES; STOCKS; NERKA AB Vertebral counts in fishes are set early in development by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Recently, R. M. McDowall showed that vertebral counts can differ between diadromous and non-diadromous galaxiids, and suggested similar life history-based variation might also occur in the closely related Salmonidae. We examined variation in vertebral counts of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from within a single large basin where anadromous and non-anadromous forms co-occur. Juveniles were collected at 29 sites within the Klamath River basin using a nested sampling design. Mean vertebral counts varied among regions, among complexes within regions, and among sites within complexes. Regression showed that mean vertebral counts decreased with increasing distance from the ocean. This decrease could not be explained by differences in temperature within the basin during early development. However, the decrease is consistent with the expectation that non-anadromous forms have fewer vertebrae and are more common at sites distant from the ocean, and suggests that further study of the relationship between vertebral counts and life history form in O. mykiss is warranted. C1 [Goin, Jonathan J.; Williams, Thomas H.; Donohoe, Christopher J.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Williams, TH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Tommy.Williams@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9266-x PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316QS UT WOS:000256965400001 ER PT J AU Radwan, FFY Ramsdell, JS AF Radwan, Faisal F. Y. Ramsdell, John S. TI Brevetoxin forms covalent DNA adducts in rat lung following intratracheal exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE brevetoxin; DNA adducts; epoxidation; harmful algal bloom; Karenia brevis; lung; metabolism ID RED TIDE EVENTS; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; IN-VITRO; AEROSOLIZED BREVETOXINS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GYMNODINIUM; LIVER; AFLATOXIN-B1; INSTILLATION AB BACKGROUND: Human exposure to brevetoxins produced by the red tide organism, Karenia brevis, is an increasing public health concern. Using in vitro exposure of rat liver cells to brevetoxin B (PbTx-2), the primary toxin product of K brevis, we previously showed that it formed C(27,28)-epoxy brevetoxin metabolites capable of covalently binding to nucleic acids, a common initiation step for carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate nucleic acid adduction in lung following in vitro and in vivo brevetoxin exposures. METHODS: To clarify reactions of brevetoxin epoxide with DNA, we analyzed reaction products of PbTx-6 (a C(27,28) epoxide metabolite of brevetoxin B) with nucleosides. We also analyzed adducts from nucleic acid hydrolysates of isolated rat lung cells treated with PbTx-2 or PbTx-6 in vitro and lung tissue from rats after intratracheal exposure to PbTx-2 or PbTx-6 at 45 mu g toxin/kg body weight. RESULTS: Our results indicate that PbTx-2 forms DNA adducts with cytidine after treatment of isolated lung cells, and forms DNA adducts with adenosine and guanosine after intratracheal exposure. CONCLUSIONS. These results are consistent with metabolic activation of highly reactive brevetoxin intermediates that bind to nucleic acid. These findings provide a basis for monitoring exposure and assessing the hazard associated with depurination of brevetoxin-nucleotide adducts in lung tissue. C1 [Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Harmful Algal Bloom & Analyt Response Branch, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Radwan, Faisal F. Y.] Sohag Univ, Fac Sci, Solag, Egypt. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Harmful Algal Bloom & Analyt Response Branch, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 116 IS 7 BP 930 EP 936 DI 10.1289/ehp.11068 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 319ST UT WOS:000257185000037 PM 18629316 ER PT J AU Gensch, IV Bunz, H Baumgardner, DG Christensen, LE Fahey, DW Herman, RL Popp, PJ Smith, JB Troy, RF Webster, CR Weinstock, EM Wilson, JC Peter, T Kramer, M AF Gensch, I. V. Bunz, H. Baumgardner, D. G. Christensen, L. E. Fahey, D. W. Herman, R. L. Popp, P. J. Smith, J. B. Troy, R. F. Webster, C. R. Weinstock, E. M. Wilson, J. C. Peter, T. Kraemer, M. TI Supersaturations, microphysics and nitric acid partitioning in a cold cirrus cloud observed during CR-AVE 2006: an observation-modelling intercomparison study SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cirrus clouds; supersaturations; nitric acid ID LOWER STRATOSPHERE; ICE NUCLEATION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; SPECTROMETER; PARTICLES; AEROSOL; HNO3; AIRCRAFT; ER-2 AB Supersaturations, microphysics and nitric acid partitioning in a very cold subvisible tropical cirrus cloud observed on 2 February 2006, during the field campaign CR-AVE, are studied by comparing a simulated set of possible cloud development scenarios with the in situ observations. The scenario that best matches the observations is a cirrus cloud forming by heterogeneous freezing of a small number of ice nuclei with subsequent unimpeded mass accommodation of water on ice. Variation of the freezing process, the accommodation coefficient or the amount of available water leads to simulated clouds that differ microphysically from the observed cloud in important respects. In particular, the simulations suggest that heterogeneous ice nucleation or another freezing mechanism producing only a low number of ice crystals could be an important process for cold cirrus cloud formation, possibly explaining the frequent observations of high supersaturations inside the cirrus cloud in this temperature regime. C1 [Gensch, I. V.; Kraemer, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 1, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphare, Julich, Germany. [Bunz, H.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Baumgardner, D. G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Christensen, L. E.; Herman, R. L.; Webster, C. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fahey, D. W.; Popp, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Smith, J. B.; Weinstock, E. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wilson, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Peter, T.] ETH, Inst Atmosphare & Klima, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Gensch, IV (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 1, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphare, Julich, Germany. EM m.kraemer@fz-juelich.de RI Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Gensch, Iulia/J-8548-2014; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Gensch, Iulia/0000-0001-5235-4925 FU EU [SCOUT-O3]; Swiss National Foundation (SNF) FX We thank the scientific team of CR-AVE for providing the data. ECMWF provided the meteorological operational analyses. We thank the CLaMS-team of ICG-1, and especially Rolf P Muller, Forschungszentrum Julich, for support and useful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge Peter Spichtinger, ETH Zurich, for fruitful discussions and suggestions. This work was partly supported by the EU within SCOUT-O3 and by the Swiss National Foundation (SNF). Work performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with NASA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 3 AR 035003 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/3/3/035003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 353LN UT WOS:000259569300012 ER PT J AU Liao, KJ Tagaris, E Napelenok, SL Manomaiphiboon, K Woo, JH Amar, P He, S Russell, AG AF Liao, Kuo-Jen Tagaris, Efthimios Napelenok, Sergey L. Manomaiphiboon, Kasemsan Woo, Jung-Hun Amar, Praveen He, Shan Russell, Armistead G. TI Current and future linked responses of ozone and PM(2.5) to emission controls SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECOUPLED DIRECT METHOD; AIR-QUALITY; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MODEL; CLIMATE AB Responses of ozone and PM(2.5) to emission changes are coupled because of interactions between their precursors. Here we show the interdependencies of ozone and PM(2.5) responses to emission changes in 2001 and 2050, with the future case accounting for both currently planned emission controls and climate change. Current responses of ozone and PM(2.5) to emissions are quantified and linked on a daily basis for five cities in the continental United States: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and NewYork. Reductions in anthropogenic NO(x) emissions decrease 24-h average PM(2.5) levels but may either increase or decrease daily maximum 8-h average ozone levels. Regional ozone maxima for all the cities are more sensitive to NO(x) reductions than at the city center, particularly in New York and Chicago. Planned controls of anthropogenic NO(x) emissions lead to more positive responses to NO(x) reductions in the future. Sensitivities of ozone and PM(2.5) to anthropogenic VOC emissions are predicted to decrease between 2001 and 2050. Ammonium nitrate formation is predicted to be less ammonia-sensitive in 2050 than 2001 while the opposite is true for ammonium sulfate. Sensitivity of PM(2.5) to SO(2) and NO(x) emissions changes little between 2001 and 2050. Both ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are predicted to decrease in sensitivity to SO(2) and NO(x) emissions between 2001 and 2050. The complexities, linkages, and daily changes in the pollutant responses to emission changes suggest that strategies developed to meet specific air quality standards should consider other air quality impacts as well. C1 [Liao, Kuo-Jen; Tagaris, Efthimios; Napelenok, Sergey L.; Manomaiphiboon, Kasemsan; Russell, Armistead G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Woo, Jung-Hun; Amar, Praveen; He, Shan] NE States Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA USA. [Napelenok, Sergey L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Manomaiphiboon, Kasemsan] King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi, Joint Grad Sch Energy & Environm, Bangkok, Thailand. [Woo, Jung-Hun] Konkuk Univ, Dept Adv Technol Fus, Seoul, South Korea. RP Russell, AG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ted.russell@ce.gatech.edu RI Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 13 BP 4670 EP 4675 DI 10.1021/es7028685 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320GB UT WOS:000257220600015 PM 18677989 ER PT J AU Heintz, RA Short, JW Rice, SD Carls, MG AF Heintz, Ron A. Short, Jeffrey W. Rice, Stanley D. Carls, Mark G. TI Comment on "toxicity of weathered exxon valdez crude oil to pink salmon embryos" SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; JAPANESE MEDAKA; FISH EMBRYOS; SPILL; SENSITIVITY; INDUCTION; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; EXPOSURE C1 [Heintz, Ron A.; Short, Jeffrey W.; Rice, Stanley D.; Carls, Mark G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Heintz, RA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1475 EP 1476 DI 10.1897/07-236.1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 314JW UT WOS:000256806700002 PM 18260694 ER PT J AU Ritter, AF Wasson, K Lonhart, SI Preisler, RK Woolfolk, A Griffith, KA Connors, S Heiman, KW AF Ritter, Amy F. Wasson, Kerstin Lonhart, Steve I. Preisler, Rikke K. Woolfolk, Andrea Griffith, Katie A. Connors, Sarah Heiman, Kimberly W. TI Ecological signatures of anthropogenically altered tidal exchange in estuarine ecosystems SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE brackish; ecological indicator; estuarine; invasion; fish nursery; migratory shorebirds; salt marsh; tidal exchange; water control structure; wetland restoration ID SALT-MARSH VEGETATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; HABITAT CHANGE; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; BIODIVERSITY; RESTRICTION; INVASIONS; RESPONSES AB One of the most conspicuous anthropogenic disturbances to estuaries worldwide has been the alteration of freshwater and tidal influence through the construction of water control structures (dikes, tide gates, culverts). Few studies have rigorously compared the responses of differing groups of organisms that serve as contrasting conservation targets to such anthropogenic disturbances in estuarine ecosystems. Elkhorn Slough in central California includes a spectrum of tidally restricted habitats behind water control structures and habitats experiencing full tidal exchange. To assess community composition for several different taxa in habitats with varying tidal exchange, we employed a variety of field approaches and synthesized results from several different studies. Overall, we found that communities at sites with moderately restricted tidal exchange were fairly similar to those with full tidal exchange, but those with extremely restricted tidal exchange were markedly different from other categories. These differences in community composition are likely the result of several factors, including restricted movement due to physical barriers, differences in water quality characteristics, and differences in habitat structure. Indeed, in this study, we found that water quality characteristics strongly vary with tidal restriction and may strongly influence patterns of species presence or absence. We also found that different conservation targets showed contrasting responses to variation in tidal exchange. Full exchange appears to favor native oysters, commercially valuable flatfish, migratory shorebirds, and site-level biodiversity. Minimal tidal exchange due to water control structures supports a suite of estuarine endemics (including the tidewater goby and California brackish snail) not represented elsewhere and minimizes invasions by non-native marine species. Altogether, our results suggest that total estuary-wide biodiversity may be enhanced with a mosaic of tidal exchange regimes. C1 [Ritter, Amy F.; Wasson, Kerstin; Preisler, Rikke K.; Woolfolk, Andrea; Griffith, Katie A.] Elkhorn Slough Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. [Ritter, Amy F.; Wasson, Kerstin; Preisler, Rikke K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lonhart, Steve I.] NOAA, Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Connors, Sarah] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Heiman, Kimberly W.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Wasson, K (reprint author), Elkhorn Slough Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Rd, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. EM wasson@biology.ucsc.edu NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 554 EP 571 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9044-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316CY UT WOS:000256927700008 ER PT J AU Sawyer, BC Stuhl, BK Lev, BL Ye, J Hudson, ER AF Sawyer, B. C. Stuhl, B. K. Lev, B. L. Ye, J. Hudson, E. R. TI Mitigation of loss within a molecular Stark decelerator SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article AB The transverse motion inside a Stark decelerator plays a large role in the total efficiency of deceleration. We differentiate between two separate regimes of molecule loss during the slowing process. The first mechanism involves distributed loss due to coupling of transverse and longitudinal motion, while the second is a result of the rapid decrease of the molecular velocity within the final few stages. In this work, we describe these effects and present means for overcoming them. Solutions based on modified switching time sequences with the existing decelerator geometry lead to a large gain of stable molecules in the intermediate velocity regime, but fail to address the loss at very low final velocities. We propose a new decelerator design, the quadrupole-guiding decelerator, which eliminates distributed loss due to transverse/longitudinal couplings throughout the slowing process and also exhibits gain over normal deceleration to the lowest velocities. C1 [Sawyer, B. C.; Stuhl, B. K.; Lev, B. L.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sawyer, B. C.; Stuhl, B. K.; Lev, B. L.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hudson, E. R.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Sawyer, BC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sawyerbc@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2008-00097-y PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 312IS UT WOS:000256663500006 ER PT J AU Aires-da-Silva, AM Hoey, JJ Gallucci, VF AF Aires-da-Silva, A. M. Hoey, J. J. Gallucci, V. F. TI A historical index of abundance for the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the western North Atlantic SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE blue shark; longline; generalized linear models; CPUE; standardized catch rates ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CATCH RATES; LONGLINE FISHERY; PELAGIC SHARKS; TRADE RECORDS; POPULATIONS; OCEAN; DECLINE; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES AB The blue shark has been subject to bycatch fishing mortality in the western North Atlantic for almost a half-century. Nevertheless, stock status is ambiguous and improved input data are needed for stock assessments. It is particularly important to obtain reliable indices of abundance because of the uncertainty in estimates of bycatch. An index of relative abundance (catch-per-unit effort, CPUE) is developed for western North Atlantic blue sharks, starting from the mid-1950s, when industrial pelagic longline tuna fisheries began. Longline catch and effort records from recent observer programs(1980-1990s) were linked with longline survey records from both historical archives and recent cruises (1950-1990s). Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to remove the effects of diverse fishing target practices, geographical and seasonal variability that affect blue shark catch rates. The analysis revealed a decline in blue shark CPUE of approximately 30% in the western North Atlantic from 1957 to 2000. The magnitude of this CPUE decline was less than other recently published estimates and seems reasonable in light of the high productivity of the blue shark revealed by life-history studies and preliminary stock assessments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aires-da-Silva, A. M.; Gallucci, V. F.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hoey, J. J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Aires-da-Silva, AM (reprint author), Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alexdasilva@iattc.org NR 67 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.12.019 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 325ZT UT WOS:000257628400005 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Prager, MH Williams, EH AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Prager, Michael H. Williams, Erik H. TI A probability-based approach to setting annual catch levels SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FISHERY-MANAGEMENT; HARVEST AB The requirement of setting annual catch limits to prevent overfishing has been added to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 (MSRA). Because this requirement is new, a body of applied scientific practice for deriving annual catch limits and accompanying targets does not yet exist. This article demonstrates an approach to setting levels of catch that is intended to keep the probability of future overfishing at a preset low level. The proposed framework is based on stochastic projection with uncertainty in population dynamics. The framework extends common projection methodology by including uncertainty in the limit reference point and in management implementation, and by making explicit the risk of overfishing that managers consider acceptable. The approach is illustrated with application to gag (Mycteroperca microlepis), a grouper that inhabits the waters off the southeastern United States. Although devised to satisfy new legislation of the MSRA, the framework has potential application to any fishery where the management goal is to limit the risk of overfishing by controlling catch. C1 [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Prager, Michael H.; Williams, Erik H.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Kyle.Shertzer@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328WM UT WOS:000257828900001 ER PT J AU Hoff, GR AF Hoff, Gerald R. TI A nursery site of the Alaska skate (Bathyraja parmifera) in the eastern Bering Sea SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RAJA-EGLANTERIA; SCYLIORHINUS-CANICULA; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; CLEARNOSE SKATE; DOGFISH; TEMPERATURE; ERINACEA; MARINE; GROWTH; SHARKS AB A nursery site for the Alaska skate (Bathyraja parmifera) was sampled seasonally from June 2004 to July 2005. At the small nursery site (similar to 2 km(2)), located in a highly productive area near the shelf-slope interface at the head of Bering Canyon in the eastern Bering Sea, reproductive males and females dominated the catch and neonate and juvenile skates were rare. Seasonal samples showed summertime (June and July) as the peak reproductive time in the nursery although some reproduction occurred throughout the year. Time-series analysis of embryo length frequencies revealed that three cohorts were developing simultaneously and the period of embryonic development was estimated at 3.5 years and average embryo growth rate at 0.2 mm/day. Estimated egg case deposition occurred mainly during summertime and hatching occurred during winter months. Protracted hatching times may be common for oviparous elasmobranch species and may be directly correlated with ambient temperatures as evident from a meta-data analysis. Evidence indicates that the Alaska skate uses the eastern Bering Sea outer continental shelf region for reproduction and the middle and inner shelf regions as habitat for immature and subadults. Skate nurseries may be vulnerable to disturbances because they are located in highly productive areas and because embryos develop slowly. C1 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoff, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jerry.hoff@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 233 EP 244 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328WM UT WOS:000257828900002 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Williams, EH AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Williams, Erik H. TI Fish assemblages and indicator species: reef fishes off the southeastern United States SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GROUNDFISH ASSEMBLAGES; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE; CRITIQUE; MODELS; OREGON; SHELF; CATCH AB For many fish stocks, resource management cannot be based on stock assessment because data are insufficient-a situation that requires alternative approaches to management. One possible approach is to manage data-limited stocks as part of an assemblage and to determine the status of the entire unit by a data-rich indicator species. The utility of this approach was evaluated in analyses of 15 years of commercial and 34 years of recreational logbook data from reef fisheries off the southeastern United States coast. Multivariate statistical analyses successfully revealed three primary assemblages. Within assemblages, however, there was little evidence of synchrony in population dynamics of member species, and thus, no support for the use of indicator species. Nonetheless, assemblages could prove useful as management units. Their identification offers opportunities for implementing management to address such ecological considerations as bycatch and species interrelations. C1 [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Williams, Erik H.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Kyle.Shertzer@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 257 EP 269 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328WM UT WOS:000257828900004 ER PT J AU Conners, ME Munro, P AF Conners, M. Elizabeth Munro, Peter TI Effects of commercial fishing on local abundance of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the Bering Sea SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; FISHERIES; PSEUDOREPLICATION; BEHAVIOR; ABALONE; DESIGNS; WATERS; LIONS; BACI AB Groundfish fisheries in the southeast Bering Sea in Alaska have been constrained in recent years by management measures to protect the endangered Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). There is concern that the present commercial harvest may produce a localized depletion of groundfish that would affect the foraging success of Steller sea lions or other predators. A three-year field experiment was conducted to determine whether an intensive trawl fishery in the southeast Bering Sea created a localized depletion in the abundance of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus). This experiment produced strongly negative results; no difference was found in the rate of seasonal change in Pacific cod abundance between stations within a regulatory no-trawl zone and stations in an immediately adjacent trawled area. Corollary studies showed that Pacific cod in the study area were highly mobile and indicated that the geographic scale of Pacific cod movement was larger than the spatial scale used as the basis for current no-trawl zones. The idea of localized depletion is strongly dependent on assumed spatial and temporal scales and contains an implicit assumption that there is a closed local population. The scale of movement of target organisms is critical in determining regional effects of fishery removals. C1 [Conners, M. Elizabeth; Munro, Peter] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Conners, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Liz.conners@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 281 EP 292 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328WM UT WOS:000257828900006 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, M Rooper, CN AF Zimmermann, Mark Rooper, Christopher N. TI Comparison of echogram measurements against data expectations and assumptions for distinguishing seafloor substrates SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED STATISTICAL-METHOD; ACOUSTIC CLASSIFICATION; DISCRIMINATION; HABITATS; SYSTEM AB Defining types of seafloor substrate and relating them to the distribution of fish and invertebrates is an important but difficult goal. An examination of the processing steps of a commercial acoustics analyzing software program, as well as the data values produced by the proprietary first echo measurements, revealed potential benefits and drawbacks for distinguishing acoustically distinct seafloor substrates. The positive aspects were convenient processing steps such as gain adjustment, accurate bottom picking, ease of bad data exclusion, and the ability to average across successive pings in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. A noteworthy drawback with the processing was the potential for accidental inclusion of a second echo as if it were part of the first echo. Detailed examination of the echogram measurements quantified the amount of collinearity, revealed the lack of standardization (subtraction of mean, division by standard deviation) before principal components analysis (PCA), and showed correlations of individual echogram measurements with depth and seafloor slope. Despite the facility of the software, these previously unknown processing pitfalls and echogram measurement characteristics may have created data artifacts that generated user-derived substrate classifications, rather than actual seafloor substrate types. C1 [Zimmermann, Mark; Rooper, Christopher N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Zimmermann, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Mark.Zimmermann@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 293 EP 304 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328WM UT WOS:000257828900007 ER PT J AU Maloney, NE Sigler, MF AF Maloney, Nancy E. Sigler, Michael F. TI Age-specific movement patterns of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CANADAS WEST-COAST; TAGGED SABLEFISH; PACIFIC; WATERS; RECOVERIES; MANAGEMENT; HARENGUS; GULF AB Over 34,000 age 0-2 juvenile sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were tagged and released in southeast Alaska waters during 1985-2005. The data set resulting from this tagging study was unusual because of its time span (20 years) and because age could be reliably inferred from release length (i.e., tagged and released fish were of known age); thus, age-specific movement patterns could be examined. The depth- and area-related recovery patterns supported the concepts that sablefish move to deeper water with age and migrate counterclockwise in the Gulf of Alaska. Availability to the fishery increased rapidly for fish of younger ages, peaked at age 5 to 6, and then gradually declined as sablefish moved deeper with age. Decreased availability with age may occur because of lower fishing effort in deep water and could have substantial implications for sablefish stock assessments because "dome-shaped" availability influences the reliability of abundance estimates. The area-related recovery pattern was not affected by year-class strength; i.e., there was no significant density-dependent relationship. C1 [Maloney, Nancy E.; Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Maloney, NE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Nancy.Maloney@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 305 EP 316 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328WM UT WOS:000257828900008 ER PT J AU Stark, JW AF Stark, James W. TI Age- and length-at-maturity of female arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) in the Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BERING-SEA; MATURATION; GROWTH C1 NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stark, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Jim.Stark@noaa.gov RI Stark, James/E-1868-2012 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 106 IS 3 BP 328 EP 333 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328WM UT WOS:000257828900011 ER PT J AU Nichols, KM Edo, AF Wheeler, PA Thorgaard, GH AF Nichols, Krista M. Edo, Alicia Felip Wheeler, Paul A. Thorgaard, Gary H. TI The genetic basis of smoltification-related traits in Oncorhynchus mykiss SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE LINKAGE MAP; CHINOOK SALMON POPULATIONS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; SEAWATER ADAPTABILITY; SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; PARTIAL ANADROMY; BODY MORPHOLOGY; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB The timing and propensity for migration between fresh- and seawater is it key theme in the diversity of life histories within the salmonid fishes. Across salmonid species, life-history strategies range from wholly freshwater-resident populations, to migratory, and nonmigratory variation within populations, to populations and species that. are primarily migratory. Despite the central theine of migration to the evolution of these fishes, the genetic architecture of migration-related processes is poorly understood. Using a genetic cross of Clonal lines derived front migratory and nomigratory life-history types of Onchorhyncus mykiss (steelhead and rainbow trout, respectively), we have dissected the genetic architecture of the complex physiological and morphological transformation that occurs immediately prior to seaward migration (termed smoltification). Quantitative trait. loci (QTL) analyses were used to identify the number, effects, and genomic location of loci associated with smoltification-related traits, including growth and condition factor, body coloration, morphology, and osmoregulatory enzymes during the smoltification period. Genetic analyses revealed numerous QTL, but one locus in particular is associated With multiple traits in single and joint. analyses. Dissecting the genetic architecture of this highly complex trait has profound implications for understanding the genetic and evolutionary, basis of life-history, diversity within and among migratory fishes. C1 [Nichols, Krista M.; Edo, Alicia Felip; Wheeler, Paul A.; Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.; Edo, Alicia Felip; Wheeler, Paul A.; Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kmnichol@purdue.edu NR 75 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 9 U2 54 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 179 IS 3 BP 1559 EP 1575 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.084251 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 335TJ UT WOS:000258313400035 PM 18562654 ER PT J AU Anovitzi, LM Lynn, GW Cole, DR Rother, G Allard, LF Hamilton, WA Porcar, L Kim, MH AF Anovitzi, L. M. Lynn, G. W. Cole, D. R. Rother, G. Allard, L. F. Hamilton, W. A. Porcar, L. Kim, M. -H. TI A new approach to quantification of metamorphism using ultra-small and small angle neutron scattering SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Anovitzi, L. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Anovitzi, L. M.; Lynn, G. W.; Cole, D. R.; Rother, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hamilton, W. A.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Porcar, L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, M. -H.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Mat Sci & Tech Res Div, Seoul 130650, South Korea. RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A28 EP A28 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600062 ER PT J AU Cole, DR Mamontov, E Dai, S Pawel, MD Liang, CD Jenkins, T Gasparovic, G Kintzel, EJ Vlcek, L Cummings, PT AF Cole, D. R. Mamontov, E. Dai, S. Pawel, M. D. Liang, C. D. Jenkins, T. Gasparovic, G. Kintzel, E. J. Vlcek, L. Cummings, P. T. TI Dynamics of water in aqueous solutions confined in silica matrices determined from neutron scattering SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Cole, D. R.; Mamontov, E.; Dai, S.; Pawel, M. D.; Liang, C. D.; Kintzel, E. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jenkins, T.; Gasparovic, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vlcek, L.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. [Cummings, P. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM coledr@ornl.gov RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Vlcek, Lukas/N-7090-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Pawel, Michelle/Q-2729-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Pawel, Michelle/0000-0003-0244-6703; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A172 EP A172 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600351 ER PT J AU Kalinichev, AG Faraone, A Udovic, TJ Kolesnikov, AI de Souza, NR Reinholdt, MX Kirkpatrick, RJ AF Kalinichev, A. G. Faraone, A. Udovic, T. J. Kolesnikov, A. I. de Souza, N. R. Reinholdt, M. X. Kirkpatrick, R. J. TI Librational dynamics of nano-confined water: Neutron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics computer simulations for hydrocalumite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Kalinichev, A. G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Faraone, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Faraone, A.; Udovic, T. J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kolesnikov, A. I.; de Souza, N. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Reinholdt, M. X.] Univ Laval, Dept Genie Chim, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Kirkpatrick, R. J.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Nat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kalinich@chemisry.msu.edu RI Kalinichev, Andrey/B-4519-2008; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kalinichev, Andrey/0000-0003-0743-4242; Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A445 EP A445 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601154 ER PT J AU Point, D Day, RD Sonke, JE Vanderpol, SV Roseneau, DG Donard, OFX Simac, K Moors, AJ Pugh, RS Becker, PR AF Point, D. Day, R. D. Sonke, J. E. Vanderpol, S. V. Roseneau, D. G. Donard, O. F. X. Simac, K. Moors, A. J. Pugh, R. S. Becker, P. R. TI Mercury isotopes fractionation in the Alaskan marine envIronment along an Arctic/subArctic transect SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Point, D.; Day, R. D.; Vanderpol, S. V.; Moors, A. J.; Pugh, R. S.; Becker, P. R.] Hollings Marine Lab, NIST, Charleston, SC USA. [Sonke, J. E.] CNRS, UMR 5563, UR 154, LMTG, Toulouse, France. [Roseneau, D. G.] Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK USA. [Donard, O. F. X.] IPREM ECABIE, UMR 5254, Pau, France. [Simac, K.] USGS, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK USA. EM david.point@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A755 EP A755 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602034 ER PT J AU Proskurowski, G Lilley, MD Seewald, JS Fruh-Green, GL Olson, EJ Lupton, JE Sylva, SP Kelley, DS AF Proskurowski, Giora Lilley, Marvin D. Seewald, Jeffery S. Fruh-Green, Gretchen L. Olson, Eric J. Lupton, John E. Sylva, Sean P. Kelley, Deborah S. TI The abiotic production of hydrocarbons at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Proskurowski, Giora; Lilley, Marvin D.; Olson, Eric J.; Kelley, Deborah S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Proskurowski, Giora; Seewald, Jeffery S.; Sylva, Sean P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fruh-Green, Gretchen L.] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Lupton, John E.] NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM giora@whoi.edu RI Proskurowski, Giora/B-3862-2013; Sylva, Sean/D-4400-2014 OI Sylva, Sean/0000-0002-4727-440X NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A764 EP A764 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602053 ER PT J AU Slemons, LO Murray, JW Resing, J Paul, B AF Slemons, L. O. Murray, J. W. Resing, J. Paul, B. TI Tracing metals and pathways in the Equatorial Pacific SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Slemons, L. O.; Murray, J. W.; Paul, B.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Resing, J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ossianla@u.washington.edu; jmurray@u.washington.edu; joseph.resing@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A877 EP A877 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602279 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Donat, JR Huntman, SA AF Sunda, W. G. Donat, J. R. Huntman, S. A. TI Free ion controls on Zn and Cd uptake by coastal plankton: A field test of the free ion hypothesis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Sunda, W. G.; Huntman, S. A.] NOAA, NOS, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Donat, J. R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A917 EP A917 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602359 ER PT J AU Maus, S AF Maus, Stefan TI The geomagnetic power spectrum SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE spatial analysis; magnetic anomalies; modelling and interpretation; satellite magnetics ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; EARTH; MODELS; SPHERE; CRUST; CORE AB Combining CHAMP satellite magnetic measurements with aeromagnetic and marine magnetic data, the global geomagnetic field has now been modelled to spherical harmonic degree 720. An important tool in field modelling is the geomagnetic power spectrum. It allows the comparison of field models estimated from different data sets and can be used to identify noise levels and systematic errors. A correctly defined geomagnetic power spectrum is flat (white) for an uncorrelated field, such as the Earth's crustal magnetic field at long wavelengths. It can be inferred from global spherical harmonic models as well as from regional grids. Marine and aeromagnetic grids usually represent the anomaly of the total intensity of the magnetic field. Appropriate corrections have to be applied in estimating the geomagnetic power spectrum from such data. The comparison of global and regional spectra using a consistently defined azimuthally averaged geomagnetic power spectrum facilitates quality control in field modelling and should provide new insights in magnetic anomaly interpretation. C1 [Maus, Stefan] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maus, Stefan] Natl Geophys Data Ctr, NOAAs, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Maus, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Stefan.maus@noaa.gov OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 174 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03820.x PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 311QS UT WOS:000256615300011 ER PT J AU Senior, KL Ray, JR Beard, RL AF Senior, Kenneth L. Ray, Jim R. Beard, Ronald L. TI Characterization of periodic variations in the GPS satellite clocks SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE IGS; GPS satellite clocks; harmonic analysis; oblateness ( J(2)); relativistic corrections ID PHASE; TIME; ORBITS; MODEL AB The clock products of the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS) are used to characterize the timing performance of the GPS satellites. Using 5-min and 30-s observational samples and focusing only on the sub-daily regime, approximate power-law stochastic processes are found. The Block IIA Rb and Cs clocks obey predominantly random walk phase (or white frequency) noise processes. The Rb clocks are up to nearly an order of magnitude more stable and show a flicker phase noise component over intervals shorter than about 100 s. Due to the onboard Time Keeping System in the newer Block IIR and IIR-M satellites, their Rb clocks behave in a more complex way: as an apparent random walk phase process up to about 100 s and then changing to flicker phase up to a few thousand seconds. Superposed on this random background, periodic signals have been detected in all clock types at four harmonic frequencies, n x (2.0029 +/- 0.0005) cycles per day (24 h coordinated universal time or UTC), for n = 1, 2, 3, and 4. The equivalent fundamental period is 11.9826 +/- 0.0030 h, which surprisingly differs from the reported mean GPS orbital period of 11.9659 +/- 0.0007 h by 60 +/- 11 s. We cannot account for this apparent discrepancy but note that a clear relationship between the periodic signals and the orbital dynamics is evidenced for some satellites by modulations of the spectral amplitudes with eclipse season. All four harmonics are much smaller for the IIR and IIR-M satellites than for the older blocks. Awareness of the periodic variations can be used to improve the clock modeling, including for interpolation of tabulated IGS products for higher-rate GPS positioning and for predictions in real-time applications. This is especially true for high-accuracy uses, but could also benefit the standard GPS operational products. The observed stochastic properties of each satellite clock type are used to estimate the growth of interpolation and prediction errors with time interval. C1 [Senior, Kenneth L.; Beard, Ronald L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Jim R.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Senior, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ken.senior@nrl.navy.mil; ronald.beard@nrl.navy.mil; jim.ray@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 35 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s10291-008-0089-9 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 307JL UT WOS:000256315100007 ER PT J AU Bachmann, SM AF Bachmann, Svetlana M. TI Usina the existinor spectral clutter filter with the nonumformly spaced time series data in weather radar SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pulse Doppler radar; radar clutter; spectral domain analysis ID PRT AB The National Weather Service (NWS) has a network of weather surveillance Doppler radars, WSR-88D, that is routinely upgraded to reflect current technological and engineering advances. During the last decade, the staggered pulse repetition time (SPRT) was proposed to mitigate range/velocity ambiguity in WSR-88D; however, it could not be used at lowest elevation tilts due to the inability to filter ground clutter from the nommiformly spaced time series. A complicated spectral procedure was developed to address this issue, but the procedure was derived for a specific set of data acquisition parameters and used a lookup table to provide a value for the clutter spectrum width. Attempts to use SPRT with different sets of acquisition parameters always led to the degradation of filtering. It is proposed here that the clutter spectrum width be estimated by using Gaussian model adaptive processing (GMAP) that is currently used by NWS for uniformly sampled time series. GMAP is an adaptive ground clutter filter that performs an iterative fit of a Gaussian curve to the spectral coefficients identified as being due to ground clutter. GMAP cannot be used directly with the SPRT spectrum because of multiple clutter replicas that are due to staggered nonuniform sampling. However, the elements of GMAP can be exploited and used in the SPRT procedure. This letter presents how the elements of GMAP can be used with the SPRT data to provide successful clutter filtering at lowest elevation tilts. C1 [Bachmann, Svetlana M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Bachmann, Svetlana M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Bachmann, SM (reprint author), Lockheed Martin, Liverpool, NY 13088 USA. EM svetlana.m.bachmann@lmco.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 400 EP 403 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2008.919686 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 333HW UT WOS:000258144600018 ER PT J AU Bachmann, SM AF Bachmann, Svetlana M. TI Phase-based clutter identification in spectra of weather radar signals SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Doppler radar; phased array radar; radar clutter; spectral analysis AB A novel method for suppression of ground clutter (GC) in weather radar is presented. The novel identification scheme is entirely phase based, unlike power-based schemes that are generally used. GC contributions to the Doppler spectrum are identified from the differential phase between complex spectral coefficients of two spectra estimated for odd- and even-indexed half-sequences of the original time series. Phase values near zero are used as indicators of clutter contributions for Doppler bins close to zero velocity. Indicated Doppler bins are notched from the original spectrum, and the moments are then obtained. The identification scheme is motivated by spectra of an electronically steered phased array of the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) and requires a sufficient number of pulses/samples for spectral analyses. However, the method can be used with a mechanically steered antenna with an appropriate adjustment compensating smearing due to antenna rotation. The method was tested on several NWRT data sets obtained in clear air and in precipitation. One example of clutter-filtered power in precipitation is shown here. There is no baseline for comparison, as the NWRT does not have clutter filtering at the present time. Nonetheless, for a comparison of power- and phase-based identification schemes, " power-based clutter filter similar to the one used by the National Weather Service on the network of mechanically steerable Weather Surveillance Doppler radars WSR-88D's is implemented on NWRT and used as a preliminary baseline for comparison. C1 [Bachmann, Svetlana M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Bachmann, SM (reprint author), Lockheed Martin MS2, Syracuse, NY 13221 USA. EM Svetlana.M.Bachmann@lmco.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2008.922733 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 333HW UT WOS:000258144600038 ER PT J AU Burroughs, CJ Rufenacht, A Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Waltrip, BC Nelson, TL AF Burroughs, Charles J., Jr. Ruefenacht, Alain Benz, Samuel P. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Waltrip, Bryan C. Nelson, Tom L. TI Error and transient analysis of stepwise-approximated sine waves generated by programmable Josephson voltage standards SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE digital-to-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; power measurement; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; voltage measurement ID JUNCTION ARRAY AB We are developing a quantum-based 60 Hz power standard that exploits the precision sinusoidal reference voltages synthesized by a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS). PJVS systems use series arrays of Josephson junctions as a multibit digital-to-analog converter to produce accurate quantum-based dc voltages. Using stepwise-approximation synthesis, the system can also generate arbitrary ac waveforms [i.e., an ac programmable Josephson voltage standard (ACPJVS)] and, in this application, produces sine waves with calculable root mean square (rms) voltage and spectral content. The primary drawback to this ACPJVS synthesis technique is the uncertainty that results from switching between the discrete voltages due to finite rise times and transient signals. In this paper, we present measurements and simulations that elucidate some of the error sources that are intrinsic to the ACPJVS when used for rms measurements. In particular, we consider sine waves synthesized at frequencies up to the audio range, where the effect of these errors is more easily measured because the fixed transition time becomes a greater fraction of the time in each quantized voltage state. Our goal for the power standard is to reduce all error sources and uncertainty contributions from the PJVS-synthesized waveforms at 60 Hz to a few parts in 10(7) so that the overall uncertainty in an ac power standard will be a few parts in 10(6). C1 [Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.; Ruefenacht, Alain; Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Waltrip, Bryan C.; Nelson, Tom L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1322 EP 1329 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.917260 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 311EZ UT WOS:000256584800005 ER PT J AU Gerginov, V Knappe, S Shah, V Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Gerginov, Vladislav Knappe, Svenja Shah, Vishal Hollberg, Leo Kitching, John TI Laser noise cancellation in single-cell CPT clocks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE atomic clocks; coherent population trapping (CPT); compact frequency references; diode lasers; noise reduction; vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) ID ATOMIC CLOCKS; VAPOR; RESONANCES AB We demonstrate a new technique for the suppression of noise associated with the laser source in atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping (CPT). The technique uses differential detection of the transmission of linearly and circularly polarized beams that propagate through different parts of a single rubidium vapor cell filled with a buffer gas mixture. The common-mode noise associated with the laser frequency and amplitude noise is suppressed by the differential detection of the two laser beams. The CPT signal, which is present only in the circularly polarized laser beam, is unaffected. The implementation of the technique requires only a change of the polarization of part of the laser beam and an additional photodiode. The technique is simple and applicable to CPT frequency references where a major source of noise is the laser, such as compact and chip-scale devices. C1 [Gerginov, Vladislav] Cymer Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. [Knappe, Svenja; Hollberg, Leo; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shah, Vishal] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gerginov, V (reprint author), Cymer Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1357 EP 1361 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.915123 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 311EZ UT WOS:000256584800010 ER PT J AU Litvinov, D Parekh, V Chunsheng, E Smith, D Rantschler, JO Ruchhoeft, P Weller, D Khizroev, S AF Litvinov, Dmitri Parekh, Vishal Chunsheng, E. Smith, Darren Rantschler, James Owen Ruchhoeft, Paul Weller, Dieter Khizroev, Sakhrat TI Recording physics, design considerations, and fabrication of nanoscale bit-patterned media SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetic data storage; nanomagnetic arrays; patterned medium; recording physics ID APERTURE-ARRAY LITHOGRAPHY; PERPENDICULAR MEDIA; THERMAL-STABILITY; BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; ION IRRADIATION; HIGH-DENSITY; ANISOTROPY; MULTILAYER; COERCIVITY; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Recording physics, design considerations, and fabrication of bit-patterned magnetic medium for next generation data storage systems is presented. (Co/Pd)(N) magnetic multilayers are evaluated as candidates for bit-patterned medium recording layer materials for their high and easily tunable magnetic anisotropy. The optimized patterned multilayers used in this study had coercivities in excess of 12-14 kOe. Bit patterning was accomplished using ion-beam proximity printing, a high-throughput direct write lithography where a large array of ion beamlets shaped by a stencil mask is used to write an arbitrary device pattern. It is found that the nature of magnetization reversal strongly depends on bit edge imperfections and is likely to contribute to switching field distribution. C1 [Litvinov, Dmitri; Parekh, Vishal; Chunsheng, E.; Smith, Darren; Rantschler, James Owen; Ruchhoeft, Paul] Univ Houston, Ctr Nanomagnet Syst, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Weller, Dieter] Seagate Technol, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. [Khizroev, Sakhrat] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rantschler, James Owen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Litvinov, D (reprint author), Univ Houston, Ctr Nanomagnet Syst, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM litvinov@uh.edu; vishal.parekh@intel.com; ce20@uh.edu; dsmith5@uh.edu; james.rantschler@mail.uh.edu; pruchoeft@uh.edu; dieter.weller@seagate.com; Khizroev@ee.ucr.edu RI Smith, Darren/B-3622-2013 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research; National Institute of Health; Information Storage Industry Consortium; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the grants from the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research. the National Institute of Health, the Information Storage Industry Consortium, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor K. Likharev. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 7 IS 4 BP 463 EP 476 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2008.920183 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 342EB UT WOS:000258766300013 ER PT J AU Laugier, P Wear, KA Waters, KR AF Laugier, Pascal Wear, Keith A. Waters, Kendall R. TI Introduction to the Special Issue on diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ultrasound in bone - Part II SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Laugier, Pascal] Univ Paris 06, French Natl Sci Res Ctr, CNRS, Lab Parametr Imaging, Paris, France. [Wear, Keith A.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Waters, Kendall R.] Lab Ondes & Acoust, Paris, France. [Waters, Kendall R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Laugier, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, French Natl Sci Res Ctr, CNRS, Lab Parametr Imaging, Paris, France. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1415 EP 1416 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2008.816 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 322OU UT WOS:000257386000002 ER PT J AU Rong, B Qian, Y Lu, K Chen, HH Guizani, M AF Rong, Bo Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Chen, Hsiao-Hwa Guizani, Mohsen TI Call admission control optimization in WiMAX networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE call admission control (CAC); optimization; orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA); time-division duplex (TDD); worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) ID CROSS-LAYER OPTIMIZATION; OFDM WIRELESS NETWORKS; STOCHASTIC KNAPSACK; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; BAND AB Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) is a promising technology for last-mile Internet access, particularly in the areas where wired infrastructures are not available. In a WiMAX network, call admission control (CAC) is deployed to effectively control different traffic loads and prevent the network from being overloaded. In this paper, we propose a framework of a 2-D CAC to accommodate various features of WiMAX networks. Specifically, we decompose the 2-D uplink and downlink WiMAX CAC problem into two independent 1-D CAC problems and formulate the 1-D CAC optimization, in which the demands of service providers and subscribers are jointly taken into account. To solve the optimization problem, we develop a utility- and fairness-constrained optimal revenue policy, as well as its corresponding approximation algorithm. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed WiMAX CAC approach. C1 [Rong, Bo; Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Qian, Yi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Hsiao-Hwa] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Guizani, Mohsen] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Rong, B (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM bo.rong@ece.uprm.edu; yqian@nist.gov; lukejie@ece.uprm.edu; hshwchen@ieee.org; mguizani@gmail.com NR 29 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2509 EP 2522 DI 10.1109/TVT.2007.912595 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 330NP UT WOS:000257950400045 ER PT J AU Park, J Li, XQ Tran, D Abdel-Baset, T Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M AF Park, J. Li, Xianquo Tran, D. Abdel-Baset, T. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Arif, M. TI Neutron imaging investigation of liquid water distribution in and the performance of a PEM fuel cell SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE neutron radiography; neutron imaging; PEM fuel cell; liquid water distribution; liquid water measurement; performance hysteresis ID 2-PHASE FLOW PHENOMENA; MEMBRANE; TRANSPORT; CATHODE; VISUALIZATION; CHANNELS; DESIGN; LAYER; PEFC; PART AB In this study neutron radiography is applied to investigate the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell based on the effect of liquid water accumulation in the cell. Dynamic performance tests have been carried out on a PEM fuel cell with a specially designed serpentine flow channel under various operating conditions and simultaneous measurements of accumulated liquid water with neutron imaging. Liquid water tends to accumulate in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) adjacent to the flow channel area while the liquid water formed in the GDL next to the channel land area seems to be effectively removed by the cross leakage flow through the porous GDL between the adjacent flow channels. The amount of liquid water accumulation in the cell is dependant on the cell operating temperature, the pressure drop in the flow channel and the current density under the present test conditions of fixed stoichiometry. it is shown that the cell performance is strongly affected by the presence and accumulation of liquid water, especially at high current densities. This phenomenon results in performance hysteresis for load variations. The rate of liquid water production is also mathematically modeled to analyze the effect of the cell operating temperature and pressure drop on the liquid water formation in a cell. The model result shows good agreement with experimental measurements. The history of liquid water accumulation is also analyzed. (C) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, J.; Li, Xianquo] Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Tran, D.; Abdel-Baset, T.] DaimlerChrysler Corp, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, XQ (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM x6li@uwaterloo.ca FU Network of Centers of Excellence, Canada,; DaimlerChrysler Corporation; U.S. Department of Commerce,; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660]; [AUTO21] FX This work was financially supported by AUTO21, the Network of Centers of Excellence, Canada, the DaimlerChrysler Corporation, and the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency agreement no. DE-AI01-01EE50660. NR 33 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 13 BP 3373 EP 3384 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.03.019 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 338OT UT WOS:000258518000014 ER PT J AU Otte, TL AF Otte, Tanya L. TI The impact of nudging in the meteorological model for retrospective air quality simulations. Part I: Evaluation against national observation networks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AREA MESOSCALE MODEL; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; CMAQ AB It is common practice to use Newtonian relaxation, or nudging, throughout meteorological model simulations to create "dynamic analyses" that provide the characterization of the meteorological conditions for retrospective air quality model simulations. Given the impact that meteorological conditions have on air quality simulations, it has been assumed that the resultant air quality simulations would be more skillful by using dynamic analyses rather than meteorological forecasts to characterize the meteorological conditions, and that the statistical trends in the meteorological model fields are also reflected in the air quality model. This article, which is the first of two parts, demonstrates the impact of nudging in the meteorological model on retrospective air quality model simulations. Here, meteorological simulations are generated by the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) using both the traditional dynamic analysis approach and using forecasts for a summertime period. The resultant fields are then used to characterize the meteorological conditions for emissions processing and air quality simulations using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System. As expected, on average, the near-surface meteorological fields show a significant degradation over time in the forecasts ( when nudging is not used), while the dynamic analyses maintain nearly constant statistical scores in time. The use of nudged MM5 fields in CMAQ generally results in better skill scores for daily maximum 1-h ozone mixing ratio simulations. On average, the skill of the daily maximum 1-h ozone simulation deteriorates significantly over time when nonnudged MM5 fields are used in CMAQ. The daily maximum 1-h ozone mixing ratio also degrades over time in the CMAQ simulation that uses MM5 dynamic analyses, although to a much lesser degree, despite no aggregate loss of skill over time in the dynamic analyses themselves. These results affirm the advantage of using nudging in MM5 to create the meteorological characterization for CMAQ for retrospective simulations, and it is shown that MM5-based dynamic analyses are robust at the surface throughout 5.5-day simulations. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Otte, TL (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, US EPA Mail Drop E243-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tanya.otte@noaa.gov OI Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 NR 43 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1853 EP 1867 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1790.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 327GT UT WOS:000257718300001 ER PT J AU Otte, TL AF Otte, Tanya L. TI The impact of nudging in the meteorological model for retrospective air quality simulations. Part II: Evaluating collocated meteorological and air quality observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AREA MESOSCALE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FORECAST MODEL; OZONE; PERFORMANCE; SCALE; CMAQ; PREDICTIONS/ AB For air quality modeling, it is important that the meteorological fields that are derived from meteorological models reflect the best characterization of the atmosphere. It is well known that the accuracy and overall representation of the modeled meteorological fields can be improved for retrospective simulations by creating dynamic analyses in which Newtonian relaxation, or "nudging," is used throughout the simulation period. This article, the second of two parts, provides additional insight into the value of using nudging-based data assimilation for dynamic analysis in the meteorological fields for air quality modeling. Meteorological simulations are generated by the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) using both the traditional dynamic analysis approach and forecasts for a summertime period. The resultant meteorological fields are then used for emissions processing and air quality simulations using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ). The predictions of surface and near-surface meteorological fields and ozone are compared with a small network of collocated meteorological and air quality observations. Comparisons of 2-m temperature, 10-m wind speed, and surface shortwave radiation show a significant degradation over time when nudging is not used, whereas the dynamic analyses maintain consistent statistical scores over time for those fields. Using nudging in MM5 to generate dynamic analyses, on average, leads to a CMAQ simulation of hourly ozone with smaller error. Domainwide error patterns in specific meteorological fields do not directly or systematically translate into error patterns in ozone prediction at these sites, regardless of whether nudging is used in MM5, but large broad-scale errors in shortwave radiation prediction by MM5 directly affect ozone prediction by CMAQ at specific sites. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Otte, TL (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, US EPA Mail Drop E243-03,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tanya.otte@noaa.gov OI Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1868 EP 1887 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1791.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 327GT UT WOS:000257718300002 ER PT J AU Kumjian, MR Ryzhkov, AV AF Kumjian, Matthew R. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. TI Polarimetric signatures in supercell thunderstorms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; DOPPLER RADAR; CONVECTIVE STORMS; DUAL-DOPPLER; PRECIPITATION FORMATION; STREAMWISE VORTICITY; POLARIZATION RADAR; HAIL DETECTION; WIND-TUNNEL AB Data from polarimetric radars offer remarkable insight into the microphysics of convective storms. Numerous tornadic and nontornadic supercell thunderstorms have been observed by the research polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN); additional storm data come from the Enterprise Electronics Corporation "Sidpol" C-band polarimetric radar in Enterprise, Alabama, as well as the King City C-band polarimetric radar in Ontario, Canada. A number of distinctive polarimetric signatures are repeatedly found in each of these storms. The forward-flank down-draft (FFD) is characterized by a signature of hail observed as near-zero ZDR and high ZHH. In addition, a shallow region of very high ZDR is found consistently on the southern edge of the FFD, called the ZDR "arc." The ZDR and KDP columns and midlevel "rings" of enhanced ZDR and depressed rho(IIV) are usually observed in the vicinity of the main rotating updraft and in the rear-flank downdraft (RFD). Tornado touchdown is associated with a well-pronounced polarimetric debris signature. Similar polarimetric features in supercell thunderstorms have been reported in other studies. The data considered here are taken from both S- and C-band radars from different geographic locations and during different seasons. The consistent presence of these features may be indicative of fundamental processes intrinsic to supercell storms. Hypotheses on the origins, as well as microphysical and dynamical interpretations of these signatures, are presented. Implications about storm morphology for operational applications are suggested. C1 [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, NSSL, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, NSSL, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM matthew.kumjian@noaa.gov NR 88 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1940 EP 1961 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1874.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 327GT UT WOS:000257718300006 ER PT J AU Kwon, EH Sohn, BJ Chang, DE Ahn, MH Yang, S AF Kwon, Eun-Han Sohn, Byung-Ju Chang, Dong-Eon Ahn, Myoung-Hwan Yang, Song TI Use of numerical forecasts for improving TMI rain retrievals over the mountainous area in Korea SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL PRECIPITATION RETRIEVAL; MICROWAVE SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; CLOUD-RADIATION MODEL; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; TOGA COARE; ALGORITHMS; FOUNDATIONS AB Topographical influences on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) rain retrievals over the terrain area of the Korean peninsula were examined using a training dataset constructed from numerical mesoscale model simulations in conjunction with radiative transfer calculations. By relating numerical model outputs to rain retrievals from simulated brightness temperatures, a positive relationship between topographically forced vertical motion and rain retrievals in the upstream region over the mountainous area was found. Based on the relationship obtained, three topographical correction methods were developed by incorporating slope-forced vertical motion and its associated upward vapor flux, and vapor flux convergence in the surface boundary layer into a scattering-based TMI rain retrieval algorithm. The developed correction methods were then applied for the rain retrievals from simulated TMI brightness temperatures with model outputs and measured TMI brightness temperatures. Results showed that orographic influences on the rain formation can be included in the TMI rainfall algorithms, which tend to underestimate rainfall over the complex terrain area. It was shown that topographical corrections surely improve the rain retrieval when a strong rain event is present over the upslope region. Among various elements, moisture convergence in the boundary layer appears to be an important factor needed in the topographical correction. Overall topography-corrected estimates of rainfall showed a better agreement with ground measurements than those without correction, suggesting that satellite rain retrieval over the terrain area can be improved when accurate numerical forecast outputs are incorporated into the rain retrieval algorithm. C1 [Kwon, Eun-Han; Sohn, Byung-Ju] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Chang, Dong-Eon; Ahn, Myoung-Hwan] Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Sohn, BJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Mail Code NS80, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM sohn@snu.ac.kr NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1995 EP 2007 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1857.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 327GT UT WOS:000257718300009 ER PT J AU Wang, YD Yu, TY Yeary, M Shapiro, A Nemati, S Foster, M Andra, DL Jain, M AF Wang, Yadong Yu, Tian-You Yeary, Mark Shapiro, Alan Nemati, Shamim Foster, Michael Andra, David L., Jr. Jain, Michael TI Tornado detection using a neuro-fuzzy system to integrate shear and spectral signatures SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; DUAL-POLARIZATION; WSR-88D; MOBILE; CLASSIFICATION; RESOLUTION; STORMS; LOGIC; BAND AB Tornado vortices observed from Doppler radars are often associated with strong azimuthal shear and Doppler spectra that are wide and flattened. The current operational tornado detection algorithm (TDA) primarily searches for shear signatures that are larger than the predefined thresholds. In this work, a tornado detection procedure based on a fuzzy logic system is developed to integrate tornadic signatures in both the velocity and spectral domains. A novel feature of the system is that it is further enhanced by a neural network to refine the membership functions through a feedback training process. The hybrid approach herein, termed the neuro-fuzzy tornado detection algorithm (NFTDA), is initially verified using simulations and is subsequently tested on real data. The results demonstrate that NFTDA can detect tornadoes even when the shear signatures are degraded significantly so that they would create difficulties for typical vortex detection schemes. The performance of the NFTDA is assessed with level I time series data collected by the KOUN radar, a research Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) operated by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), during two tornado outbreaks in central Oklahoma on 8 and 10 May 2003. In these cases, NFTDA and TDA provide good detections up to a range of 43 km. Moreover, NFTDA extends the detection range out to approximately 55 km, as the results indicate here, to detect a tornado of F0 magnitude on 10 May 2003. C1 [Wang, Yadong; Yu, Tian-You; Yeary, Mark] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Nemati, Shamim] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Math, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Foster, Michael; Andra, David L., Jr.] Natl Weather Serv, Norman, OK USA. [Jain, Michael] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 202 W Boyd, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM wyd@ou.edu RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1136 EP 1148 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA1022.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 327GR UT WOS:000257718100006 ER PT J AU Conte, M Carley, AF Attard, G Herzing, AA Kiely, CJ Hutchings, GJ AF Conte, Marco Carley, Albert F. Attard, Gary Herzing, Andrew A. Kiely, Christopher J. Hutchings, Graham J. TI Hydrochlorination of acetylene using supported bimetallic Au-based catalysts SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cold catalysis; acetylene hydrochlorination; supported bimetallic catalysts; gold alloy nanoparticles ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; VAPOR-PHASE HYDROCHLORINATION; METAL CHLORIDE CATALYSTS; GOLD CATALYST; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HYDRODECHLORINATION; DEACTIVATION; REACTIVATION; OXIDATION; MECHANISM AB A detailed study of the hydrochlorination of acetylene using supported gold and gold-based bimetallic catalysts is described and discussed. Carbon-sup ported Au-Pd catalysts were studied in detail, because Au and Pd can form a continuous solid solution across all alloy compositions. The addition of <= 5 at% Pd to Au increased the initial activity but with a significant loss of selectivity. In addition, all Au-Pd/C catalysts deactivated rapidly due to coke deposition. Pt-Au catalysts behaved in a similar manner. In contrast, Au-catalysts doped with It and Rh demonstrated enhanced activity with little change in selectivity. The addition of Ru had no significant effect. The observations are rationalized in terms (i) of the relative solubilities of the second metal in Au, which were explored by detailed STEM-XEDS analysis, and (ii) the dehydrochlorination and oligomerization activity of the dopant metal. These results confirm that the most active known catalyst for the hyd rochlori nation of acetylene for long-term use is undoped Au, and that the activity of the catalyst correlates with the standard electrode potential. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Conte, Marco; Carley, Albert F.; Attard, Gary; Hutchings, Graham J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. [Herzing, Andrew A.; Kiely, Christopher J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hutchings, GJ (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, POB 912, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. EM hutch@cf.ac.uk RI Carley, Albert/A-7372-2010; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; OI Conte, Marco/0000-0002-1399-0344 NR 26 TC 108 Z9 119 U1 10 U2 79 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 257 IS 1 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.04.024 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 328PO UT WOS:000257810500022 ER PT J AU Linho, LH Huang, XL Lau, NC AF Linho, L. H. Huang, Xianglei Lau, Ngar-Cheung TI Winter-to-spring transition in East Asia: A planetary-scale perspective of the South China spring rain onset SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT RAINS; DAY OSCILLATION; SUMMER MONSOON; NORTH PACIFIC; ANNUAL CYCLE; ATMOSPHERE; MECHANISM; IMPACT AB Analysis of observations from 1979 to 2002 shows that the seasonal transition from winter to spring in East Asia is marked with a distinctive event-the onset of the south China spring rain (SCSR). In late February, the reduced thermal contrast between ocean and land leads to weakening of the Asian winter monsoon as well as the Siberian high and the Aleutian low. Meanwhile, convection over Australia and the western Pacific Maritime Continent is suppressed on the passage of the dry phase of a Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). In conjunction with the seasonal march of monsoon circulation in the Indonesian Australian sector, this MJO passage weakens the local thermally direct cell in the East Asia-Australia sector. This development is further accompanied by a series of adjustments in both the tropics and mid-latitudes. These changes include attenuation of the planetary stationary wave, considerable weakening of the westerly jet stream over much of the central Pacific adjacent to Japan, and reduction of baroclinicity near the East Asian trough. The influence of concurrent local processes in midlatitudes on the SCSR onset is also important. The weakened jet stream is associated with confinement of frontal activities to the coastal regions of East Asia as well as with rapid expansion of the subtropical Pacific high from the eastern Pacific to the western Pacific. A parallel analysis using output from an experiment with a GFDL-coupled GCM shows that the above sequence of circulation changes is well simulated in that model. C1 [Linho, L. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Huang, Xianglei] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM xianglei@umich.edu RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011 OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 13 BP 3081 EP 3096 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1611.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 326ZM UT WOS:000257698300001 ER PT J AU Mcphaden, MJ Cronin, MF Mcclurg, DC AF Mcphaden, Michael J. Cronin, Meghan F. Mcclurg, Dai C. TI Meridional structure of the seasonally varying mixed layer temperature balance in the eastern tropical Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ANNUAL CYCLE; HEAT-BUDGET; WIND STRESS; COLD-TONGUE; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; CURRENTS AB The eastern tropical Pacific Ocean is important climatically because of its influence on the El Ni (n) over tildeo Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle and the American monsoon. Accurate prediction of these phenomena requires a better understanding of the background climatological conditions on which seasonal-to-interannual time-scale anomalies develop in the region. This study addresses the processes responsible for the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern tropical Pacific using 3 yr ( April 2000-March 2003) of moored buoy and satellite data between 8 degrees S and 12 degrees N along 95 W. Results indicate that at all latitudes, surface heat fluxes are important in the mixed layer temperature balance. At 8 degrees S, in a region of relatively deep mean thermocline and mixed layer, local storage of heat crossing the air-sea interface accounts for much of the seasonal cycle in SST. In the equatorial cold tongue and the intertropical convergence zone, where mean upwelling leads to relatively thin mixed layers, vertical turbulent mixing with the upper thermocline is a major contributor to SST change. Lateral temperature advection by seasonally varying large-scale currents is most significant near the equator but is generally of secondary importance. There is a hemispheric asymmetry in seasonal SST variations, with larger amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. This asymmetry is mainly due to forcing from the southerly component of the trade winds, which shifts the axis of equatorial upwelling south of the equator while creating an oceanic convergence zone to the north that limits the northward spread of cold upwelled water. In general, results support the Mitchell and Wallace hypothesis about the importance of southerly winds and ocean-atmosphere feedbacks in establishing seasonally varying climatological conditions in the eastern tropical Pacific. C1 [Mcphaden, Michael J.; Cronin, Meghan F.; Mcclurg, Dai C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mcclurg, Dai C.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mcphaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 13 BP 3240 EP 3260 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2115.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 326ZM UT WOS:000257698300011 ER PT J AU Meredith, MP Garabato, ACN Gordon, AL Johnson, GC AF Meredith, Michael P. Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira Gordon, Arnold L. Johnson, Gregory C. TI Evolution of the deep and bottom waters of the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, during 1995-2005 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WEDDELL SEA; GYRE; STRATIFICATION; CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC; MASSES; EXPORT AB The Southern Ocean hosts the formation of the densest layers of the oceanic overturning circulation and provides a climatically sensitive element of deep ocean ventilation. An oceanographic section across the eastern Scotia Sea occupied in 1995, 1999, and 2005 reveals significant variability in the deep and bottom waters of Southern Ocean origin. Warming (similar to 0.1 degrees C) of the warm midlayer waters in the Scotia Sea between 1995 and 1999 reversed through to 2005, reflecting changes seen earlier upstream in the Weddell Sea. The volume of deep waters with potential temperature less than 0 degrees C decreased during 1995-2005, though such a reduction was only clear between 1995 and 1999 at the southern end of the section. The abyssal waters of the eastern Scotia Sea changed circulation between 1995 and 1999, with the dominant point of their entry to the basin shifting from the south to the northeast; by 2005, the former route had regained dominance. These changes are best explained by interannual variations in the deep waters exiting the Weddell Sea, superimposed on a longer-term (decadal) warming trend. The interannual variations are related to changes in the strength of the Weddell Gyre, reflecting large-scale atmospheric variability that may include the El Ni (n) over tildeo- Southern Oscillation phenomenon. The Scotia Sea is the most direct pathway for dense waters of the overturning circulation emanating from the Weddell Sea to fill much of the World Ocean abyss. The regional changes reported here have the potential to affect the climatically significant ventilation of the global ocean abyss. C1 [Meredith, Michael P.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, England. [Gordon, Arnold L.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Meredith, MP (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM mmm@bas.ac.uk RI Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 13 BP 3327 EP 3343 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2238.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 326ZM UT WOS:000257698300016 ER PT J AU Puleo, JA Pearre, NS He, L Schmied, L O'Neal, M Pietro, LS Fowler, M AF Puleo, Jack A. Pearre, Nathaniel S. He, Liang Schmied, Lauren O'Neal, Michael Pietro, Lisa S. Fowler, Matt TI A single-user subaerial beach profiler SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sand; profile; slope; topography AB An accurate, single-user beach-elevation profile device that relies on lightweight, inexpensive materials is described. The device is used to rapidly survey beach topographic profiles and is appropriate for scientific data collection. The profiler consists of two vertical legs and two horizontal spacer bars in the shape of the pound (#) symbol with a freely rotating arm to determine the horizontal level. The light weight and ease of operation of the apparatus permit profiles to be surveyed in 1-m increments at roughly 2 m/min. Standard deviations of the profiler reading at specific points along a single profile varied between 0.003 and 0.014 m as recorded by four different users. Root-mean-square errors on data along five different cross-shore profiles collected at Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, by the four users were 0.01-0.13 m when compared to standard rod and sighting scope and ground-based light detecting and ranging. Several potential causes for the differences, including intrinsic profiler bias, tilt in the assumed vertical legs, and operator error (that accumulate along the profile), as well as changes in the sediment surface, are discussed. C1 [Puleo, Jack A.; Pearre, Nathaniel S.; He, Liang; Schmied, Lauren] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Ocean Engn Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [O'Neal, Michael; Pietro, Lisa S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Fowler, Matt] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fowler, Matt] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Ocean Engn Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jpuleo@coastal.udel.edu RI O'Neal, Michael/B-2994-2012; O'Neal, Michael/K-1822-2015 OI O'Neal, Michael/0000-0002-2095-7454; O'Neal, Michael/0000-0002-6696-0106 NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1080 EP 1086 DI 10.2112/06-0665.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 328SR UT WOS:000257818600023 ER PT J AU Serrano, L DeLorenzo, ME AF Serrano, Lorimar DeLorenzo, Marie E. TI Water quality and restoration in a coastal subdivision stormwater pond SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stormwater pond; coastal water quality; public outreach; management strategies ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LAKE WATER; MICROCYSTIN; TOXICITY; ATRAZINE; CHLOROTHALONIL; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLORPYRIFOS AB Stormwater ponds are commonly used in residential and commercial areas to control flooding. The accumulation of urban contaminants in stormwater ponds can lead to a number of water quality problems including high nutrient, chemical contaminant, and bacterial levels. This study examined the interaction between land use and coastal pond water quality in a South Carolina residential subdivision pond. Eutrophic levels of chlorophyll and phosphorus were present in all seasons. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms were prevalent during the summer months. Microcystin toxin and fecal coliform bacteria levels were measured that exceeded health and safety standards. Low concentrations of herbicides (atrazine and 2,4-D) were also detected during summer months. Drainage from the stormwater pond may transport contaminants into the adjacent tidal creek and estuary. A survey of residents within the pond's watershed indicated poor pet waste management and frequent use of fertilizers and pesticides as possible contamination sources. Educational and outreach activities were provided to community members to create an awareness of the water quality conditions in the pond. Pond management strategies were then recommended, and selected mitigation actions were implemented. Water quality problems identified in this study have been observed in other coastal stormwater ponds of varying size and salinity, leading this project to serve as a potential model for coastal stormwater pond management. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Serrano, Lorimar; DeLorenzo, Marie E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Serrano, Lorimar] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM lorimarserrano@yahoo.com; marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.025 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 305VS UT WOS:000256206500004 PM 17368919 ER PT J AU Vaccaro, I Norman, K AF Vaccaro, Ismael Norman, Karma TI Social Sciences and landscape analysis: Opportunities for the improvement of conservation policy design SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE landscape; conservation; policy; social analysis ID COMMON PROPERTY; SOLOMON-ISLANDS; SEA TENURE; KNOWLEDGE; FOREST; PARK; MANAGEMENT; POLITICS; ROVIANA; ECOLOGY AB This article develops a methodology aimed at generating a systematic social diagnosis of social and natural landscapes. The analytical process is divided into six easily replicable and causatively connected steps. The goal is two-fold: first, to present the inextricable connections between physical landscapes and the communities that occupy them. And second, to provide a fundamental tool to public policy designers that should simultaneously improve social acceptability of conservation policies and policy efficiency and effectiveness. Finally, this methodology is consciously heterogeneous from a theoretical perspective. This article puts together, in fruitful dialogue, contributions from varying places on the social theory spectrum: from political economy to poststructural theory. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Norman, Karma] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Socioecon Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Vaccaro, Ismael] McGill Univ, Dept Anthropol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Vaccaro, Ismael] McGill Univ, McGill Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. RP Norman, K (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Socioecon Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Ismael.vaccaro@mcgill.ca; Karma.norman@noaa.gov NR 108 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 360 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 310KF UT WOS:000256527100014 PM 17555864 ER PT J AU Johnson, A Wright, J AF Johnson, Aaron Wright, John TI Comparison between theoretical CFV flow models and NIST's primary flow data in the laminar, turbulent, and transition flow regimes SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID STANDARD; NOZZLES; RADIUS AB State-of-the art dimensional metrology was used to measure the throat diameter and throat curvature of nine critical flow venturis (CFVs) with nominal throat diameters ranging from 5 mm to 25 mm. The throat curvature was used in calculating the theoretical discharge coefficients, while the throat diameter was used in computing the experimental discharge coefficients. The nine CFVs were calibrated in dry air using two NIST primary flow standards with expanded uncertainties of 0.05% and 0.09%, respectively. The calibration data span a Reynolds number range from 7.2x10(4) to 2.5x10(6), including laminar, transition, and turbulent flow regimes. By correcting for both the throat diameter and curvature, the agreement between predicted and measured discharge coefficients was less than 0.17% in the turbulent regime and less than 0.07% in the laminar regime. C1 [Johnson, Aaron; Wright, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8361, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.johnson@nist.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2008 VL 130 IS 7 AR 071202 DI 10.1115/1.2903806 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 329OX UT WOS:000257878800005 ER PT J AU Morado, JF AF Morado, J. Frank TI Albert K. Sparks: A pioneer and visionary in non-insect invertebrate pathology SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item DE invertebrate pathology; founding member; crustaceans; molluscs; disease; parasitology C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Morado, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM frank.morado@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 98 IS 3 BP 248 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2008.02.018 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 323ZI UT WOS:000257486900002 ER PT J AU Bae, S Judy, JH Fenner, DB Hautala, J Egelhoff, WF Chen, PJ Gan, L AF Bae, Seongtae Judy, Jack H. Fenner, D. B. Hautala, J. Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. Chen, P. J. Gan, L. TI Effects of gas-cluster ion beam processing on physical, magnetic, and giant magnetoresistance properties of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) bottom spin-valves SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Latin American Workshop on Magnetism, Magnetic Materials and Their Applications CY AUG 12-16, 2007 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP CBPF DE GCIB processing; surface smoothing; crystalline texture; giant magnetoresistance; magnetic property; physical property ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; DEPENDENCE; BILAYERS; FILMS; BIAS AB The effects of gas-cluster ion beam (GCIB) processing accelerated by a few thousands of volts on the surface roughness, crystalline orientation texture, magnetic, and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) properties of exchange biased alpha-Fe(2)O(3) bottom spin-valves have been investigated. It was found that all of these properties were strongly influenced by the GCIB processing conditions, such as gas sources including Ar, H(2), O(2), and their mixture combinations, and ion cluster doses. The properties of both GCIB processed and unprocessed areas on 50 and 100-nm thick alpha-Fe(2)O(3) coated Si(100) wafers with GMR multi-layers of Co(3)/Cu(2.5)/Co(3)/Ta(2)O(5)(2.5 nm) were compared. The GMR ratio, Delta R/R(0), was consistently increased by up to 20-30% for the areas that were GCIB processed with condition "P1(10(14) Ar gas)+ P4(5 x 10(14) Ar+H(2) gases) ion cluster ions/cm(2)'' (Delta R/R(0) = 14%) over the unprocessed alpha-Fe(2)O(3) layer (DR/R(0) 11.2%), and decreased by up to 80% when using the process with the heaviest ion does, "P3'' (DR/R(0) 2.4%). In addition, GCIB processing changed the magnetic properties of GMR spin-valve including exchange bias field, pinned, and free-layer coercivities significantly. The free-layer coercivity was decreased dramatically with "P1+P4'' GCIB processing from 160 Oe to as low as 27 Oe and the exchange bias field increased from 72 Oe up to similar to 125 Oe. The decrease of the GMR ratio, pinned coercivity, and exchange bias field when the "P3'' condition process was used are thought to be due to surface damage and composition changes of the alpha-Fe(2)O(3) anti-ferromagnetic layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the alpha-Fe(2)O(3) thin film surface showed a 4.6% reduction of the oxygen content (unprocessed: 65 kcps (kilo-counter per second), "P3'': 62 kcps) after application of the P3, the heaviest process condition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) analyses suggest that the increase of the GMR ratio and the improved magnetic properties of optimized GCIB-processed alpha-Fe(2)O(3) spin-valve are due to the reduction of surface roughness and improvement of the crystalline orientation texture resulting from a more "defect-free'' or denser alpha-Fe(2)O(3) layer. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bae, Seongtae] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Biomagnet Lab, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Judy, Jack H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Micromagnet & Informat Technol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fenner, D. B.; Hautala, J.] Epion Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Fenner, D. B.; Hautala, J.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bae, S (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Biomagnet Lab, Singapore 117576, Singapore. EM elebst@nus.edu.sg NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 320 IS 14 BP 2001 EP 2009 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.02.173 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 295ZF UT WOS:000255512600009 ER PT J AU Sallee, JB Speer, K Morrow, R Lumpkin, R AF Sallee, J. B. Speer, Kevin Morrow, R. Lumpkin, R. TI An estimate of Lagrangian eddy statistics and diffusion in the mixed layer of the Southern Ocean SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DRIFTER DATA; RELATIVE DISPERSION; SURFACE CIRCULATION; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; POLAR FRONT; GULF-STREAM; HEAT-FLUX; VARIABILITY AB A statistical analysis of surface drifter observations is used to compute eddy length and time scales and eddy diffusion in the Southern Ocean. Eddy diffusion values of the order of 10(4) m(2) s(-1) are found in the energetic western boundary currents north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and secondary peaks occur where the ACC negotiates topography. the diffusivity shows an increase from the Antarctic continent to the core of the ACC. then a slight decrease or a stable plateau within the ACC. North of the ACC, diffusivity generally decreases into the interior of ocean basins. except ill the western boundary regions where values are maximum. Diffusivity is also calculated front simulated trajectories based on altimetric geostrophic velocities with and without mean flow, as well as with simulated trajectories based on Ekman currents. Ekman currents at the drogue depth (15 m) have only a small impact, and file geostrophic currents dominate the eddy diffusivity. Complementary statistical analyses confirm these results. the surface drifter cross-stream eddy diffusion is used to test a simple parameterization bawd oil satellite altimetric observations of eddy kinetic enemy (EKE). For EKE >= 0.015 m(2) s(-2), K = 1.35 root EKELd m(2) s(-1), where L-d is the first baroclinic Rossby radius. This parameterization holds ill the energetic ACC consistent with an eddy field ill the "frozen field" regime. Over the broader areas of weaker eddy fields. mixing is fairly uniform and stable at about K = 1800 +/- 1000 m(2) s(-1). C1 [Sallee, J. B.; Morrow, R.] LEGOS OMP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Speer, Kevin] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lumpkin, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Sallee, JB (reprint author), LEGOS OMP, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM jbsallee@gmail.com RI sallee, jean-baptiste/A-5837-2010; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU NSF [OCE-0336697]; Laboratoire d' Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiale; French PATOM; TOSCA; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX Drifter data are quality controlled. interpolated, and distributed by NOAA's Global Drifter Prograrn, http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/gdp.html. Drifter deployments are coordinated with numerous national and international partners. The Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). Argo is a pilot program of the Global Ocean Observing System. KGS received support from NSF OCE-0336697 Climate Process Team CPT Emilie and the Laboratoire d' Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiale. Funding for this Study comes from the French PATOM and TOSCA programs. RL received support from NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 62 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 15 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 EI 1543-9542 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 4 BP 441 EP 463 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 395OF UT WOS:000262532700002 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Sant, G Weiss, J AF Bentz, Dale P. Sant, Gaurav Weiss, Jason TI Early-age properties of cement-based materials. I: Influence of cement fineness SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; PORTLAND; CONCRETE; PASTES AB The influence of cement fineness on early-age properties of cement-based materials is investigated using a variety of experimental techniques. Properties that are critical to the early-age performance of these materials are tested, including heat release, temperature rise, chemical shrinkage, and autogenous deformation. Measurements of these properties for two cements of widely different fineness are supplemented with other performance measures, specifically acoustic emission measurements to listen for microcracking occurring in high performance w/c=0.35 mortars and dual-ring paste shrinkage measurements conducted under sealed conditions to assess residual stress development. The measured properties are observed to be quite different for the coarse and the fine cement. The current emphasis on high early-age strength within the construction industry may result in the specification of cements that are more prone to early-age cracking. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sant, Gaurav; Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; gsant@purdue.edu; wjweiss@purdue.edu RI Sant, Gaurav/F-3492-2011; OI Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 NR 36 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 17 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 20 IS 7 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:7(502) PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 314UY UT WOS:000256835900007 ER PT J AU Banovic, SW Mates, SP AF Banovic, S. W. Mates, S. P. TI Microscopic fracture mechanisms observed on Cu-Sn frangible bullets under quasi-static and dynamic compression SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The damage behavior of Cu-Sn frangible bullets was characterized in an effort to aid predictions of impact performance of these projectiles with soft body armor through finite element simulations. Fracture surfaces and failed cross sections were examined via light optical and scanning electron microscopy and related to the composite bullet microstructure. Two types of samples were analyzed: (1) those used in quasi-static and dynamic diametral compression testing to determine the effective properties of the composite material, and (2) bullets discharged into soft body armor. Two primary microscopic fracture mechanisms were cleavage and intergranular fracture of the Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds, epsilon(Cu(3)Sn) and eta(Cu(6)Sn(5)), which joined the un-bonded copper particles in the composite microstructure. Microvoid coalescence of copper metal was also observed, though infrequently, in places where the spacing between intermetallic phase clusters on a single copper particle was typically no greater than 30 mu m. These modes of failure were similar between the samples used in the mechanical testing methods and the discharged bullets. From these results, it is reasonable to assume that the failure strength data measured via diametral compression testing can be used to predict the onset of bullet failure on impact during finite element simulations. C1 [Banovic, S. W.; Mates, S. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banovic, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sbanovic@nist.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 14 BP 4840 EP 4848 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2702-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 316DJ UT WOS:000256928800022 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Persson, POG Hare, JE AF Andreas, Edgar L. Persson, P. Ola G. Hare, Jeffrey E. TI A bulk turbulent air-sea flux algorithm for high-wind, spray conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; WATER-VAPOR; AERODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HUMIDITY EXCHANGE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SENSIBLE HEAT; TOGA-COARE; HEXOS AB Sensible and latent heat can cross the air-sea interface by two routes: as interfacial fluxes controlled by molecular processes right at the interface, and as spray fluxes from the surface of sea spray droplets. Once the 10-m wind speed over the ocean reaches approximately 11-13 m s(-1), the spray sensible and latent heat fluxes become significant fractions (i.e., 10% or greater) of the corresponding interfacial fluxes. The analysis here establishes that result by combining the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) version 2.6 bulk interfacial flux algorithm with a microphysical spray model to partition measured heat fluxes from two good high-wind datasets into spray and interfacial flux contributions. The measurements come from the Humidity Exchange over the Sea (HEXOS) experiment and the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Tracks Experiment (FASTEX); wind speeds in these two datasets span 5 to 20 m s(-1). After the measured heat fluxes are separated into spray and interfacial contributions, the spray fluxes are used to develop a fast spray flux algorithm to combine with the COARE version 2.6 interfacial flux algorithm in a unified turbulent surface flux algorithm for use in large-scale and ocean storm models. A sensitivity analysis of the spray and interfacial components of this unified flux algorithm demonstrates how the two component fluxes scale differently with the mean meteorological variables and why they must therefore be parameterized separately in models intended to treat air-sea fluxes in high winds. C1 [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Persson, P. Ola G.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Hare, Jeffrey E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, SOLAS Int Project Off, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), NW Res Associates Inc, 25 Eagle Ridge, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. EM eandreas@nwra.com NR 68 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1581 EP 1596 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3813.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 329FY UT WOS:000257853500013 ER PT J AU Triftaridou, AI Loizou, E Patrickios, CS AF Triftaridou, Aggeliki I. Loizou, Elena Patrickios, Costas S. TI Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic cationic symmetrical ABCBA pentablock terpolymer networks: Effect of hydrophobic content SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ABCBA pentablock terpolymers; amphiphiles; amphiphilic model networks; block copolymers; composition; degree of swelling; gels; group transfer polymerization; hydrogels; hydrophobic content; networks; small-angle neutron scattering; structural organization ID GROUP-TRANSFER POLYMERIZATION; DUAL-PURPOSE EXTENDER/CROSSLINKER; MOLECULAR THERMODYNAMIC THEORY; MODIFIED POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); LINKED STAR POLYMERS; MODEL NETWORKS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); MICROPHASE SEPARATION; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; CROSS-LINKING AB Group transfer polymerization was employed for the preparation of six amphiphilic terpolymer networks comprising the hydrophilic, pH-responsive 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), the neutral hydrophilic methoxy hexa (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (HEGMA), and the hydrophobic n-butyl methacrylate (BuMA). 1,4-Bis(methoxytrimethylsiloxymethylene)cyclohexane was used as a bifunctional initiator, whereas ethylene glycol dimethacrylate served as the crosslinker to interconnect the linear terpolymer precursors to three-dimensional terpolymer network structures. Five of the terpolymer networks were model, with linear chains between crosslinks of precise length. Four of the five model networks were based on ABCBA pentablock terpolymers with theoretical structure DMAEMA(5)-b-BuMA(n/2)-bHEGMA(10)-b-BuMA(n/2)-b-DMAEMA(5) with n values equal to 5, 10, 20, and 30. The model network based on the equimolar statistical terpolymer and the nonmodel randomly crosslinked terpolymer network were also prepared. The molecular weights and compositions of the linear pentablock terpolymer precursors to the networks were found to be close to the theoretically expected, while the network Sol fractions were found to be relatively low. The degrees of swelling of the networks in water were found to decrease with increasing the hydrophobic content, whereas those in THF exhibited the opposite trend. Small-angle neutron scattering in deuterium oxide indicated structural organization in the most hydrophobic pentablock terpolymer networks. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Triftaridou, Aggeliki I.; Patrickios, Costas S.] Univ Cyprus, Dept Chem, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Loizou, Elena] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patrickios, CS (reprint author), Univ Cyprus, Dept Chem, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. EM costasp@ucy.ac.cy OI Patrickios , Costas S. /0000-0001-8855-0370 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X EI 1099-0518 J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 13 BP 4420 EP 4432 DI 10.1002/pola.22773 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 319HA UT WOS:000257153500013 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Weng, FZ Han, Y AF Liu, Quanhua Weng, Fuzhong Han, Y. TI Conversion issues between microwave radiance and brightness temperature SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Stokes vector; radiative transfer; Rayleigh-Jeans approximation; radiance/brightness temperature conversion ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; CLOUDS; OCEAN; ICE AB Microwave radiances are usually converted into brightness temperatures for data assimilation and retrievals. The Rayleigh-Jeans approximation has been believed to be a good approximation for the conversion at low frequencies, but inaccurate at high frequencies. However, the simplified radiative transfer models under the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation (hereafter referred as BT-RTE) have been successfully applied in radiance simulations for frequencies below 183 GHz, which has somewhat puzzled the radiative transfer community. This paper clarifies the confusion. In addition, the conversion formula for the third and the fourth Stokes components are derived. Simulations for a polarized sensor, the Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Sounder, show that the BT-RTE is generally accurate. Results for a polarimetric sensor, WINDSAT, show that the third and the fourth Stokes radiances should be converted using the exact conversion formula given in this study rather than using a direct Planck function conversion. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Quanhua; Han, Y.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong; Han, Y.] NOAA, Sensor Phys Branch, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Room 703,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Quanhua.Liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 109 IS 10 BP 1943 EP 1950 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.03.001 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 313JZ UT WOS:000256738200016 ER PT J AU La Rosa, J Outola, I Crawford, E Nour, S Kurosaki, H Inn, K AF La Rosa, J. Outola, I. Crawford, E. Nour, S. Kurosaki, H. Inn, K. TI Radiochemical measurement of Np-237 in a solution of mixed radionuclides: Experiences in chemical separation and alpha-spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FALLOUT; PU; NP; SAMPLES; RATIOS AB A radiochemical procedure is described for the measurement of 0.1 Bq Np-237 in a solution containing similar activity concentrations of Th, U, Pu and Am as well as activity concentrations of Co-60, Sr-90 and Cs-137 one hundred times higher. A tracer of Np-239 (milked from Am-243) was used as an isotopic spike for chemical yield determination. The relationship between gamma-counting geometries for ampoule (liquid) and NdF3 (solid) Np-239 sources was established so that Np chemical yields could be measured by a comparative method. Efficiencies of alpha-spectrometers for Np-237 in NdF3 sources were measured by a bootstrap technique. Two sets of experiments were designed and used to test out the procedure. C1 [La Rosa, J.; Outola, I.; Nour, S.; Kurosaki, H.; Inn, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Crawford, E.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP La Rosa, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jerome.larosa@nist.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0702-y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800002 ER PT J AU Outola, I Nour, S Kurosaki, H Inn, K La Rosa, J Lucas, L Volkovitsky, P Koepenick, K AF Outola, I. Nour, S. Kurosaki, H. Inn, K. La Rosa, J. Lucas, L. Volkovitsky, P. Koepenick, K. TI Investigation of radioactivity in selected drinking water samples from Maryland SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PO-210; PB-210 AB In 2004, levels of radioactivity exceeding federal drinking water standards were found by state laboratories in two separate areas of Maryland through gross alpha and beta screening measurements. It was desired to know which radionuclides were responsible for the activity and what effect water softener systems installed in individual households had on the mitigating problem. Non-destructive gamma-spectrometry and gross alpha-beta liquid scintillation measurements, as well as chemical separations followed by measurements of Rn-222, Ra-226 and Ra-228, uranium and thorium isotopes, Po-210, and Pb-210 were carried out by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The results of the studies indicated disequilibrium among the decay products in the Th and U decay chains had a major influence on the radionuclide content. Unsupported Po-210 was found to be the predominant radionuclide in drinking water at one of the locations. Furthermore, the influence of the use of water softeners was found to be much more effective for radium than for uranium. C1 [Outola, I.; Nour, S.; Kurosaki, H.; Inn, K.; La Rosa, J.; Lucas, L.; Volkovitsky, P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Outola, I.; Nour, S.; Kurosaki, H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Koepenick, K.] Baltimore Cty Dept Environm Protect & Resource Ma, Towson, MD 21204 USA. RP Outola, I (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iisa.outola@nist.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0724-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800024 ER PT J AU Nour, S Inn, K Filliben, J AF Nour, S. Inn, K. Filliben, J. TI Development of the NIST rocky flats soil standard SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Rocky Flats Soil-II Standard reference material (SRM) is being certified through a statistical analysis of results from an interlaboratory comparison of fourteen laboratories from four countries. Mean values were calculated as the most robust and reliable certified values for each of the radionuclides. Twenty two radionuclides and four isotopes ratios were evaluated based on reported data. This article describes the approach for establishing the certified values and uncertainties for the radionuclides in the Rocky Flats Soil II SRM. C1 [Nour, S.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Ionizat Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Inn, K.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nour, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Ionizat Radiat Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Svetlana.nour@nist.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0725-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800025 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Robinson, L Mackey, EA Paul, RL Greenberg, RR AF Zhao, L. Robinson, L. Mackey, E. A. Paul, R. L. Greenberg, R. R. TI Determination of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in cattail using thermal neutron prompt gamma activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; HYDROGEN AB A previous study on the determination of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in cattail using cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis (CNPGAA) demonstrates that the results of numerous cattail samples showed favorable comparison to results from an elemental analyzer (EA) for C and N. However, the results for P overestimated the results from a UV-VIS spectrophotometer because of the interference of chlorine existing in cattail collected from an estuarine environment. To compare to CNPGAA, a method for the determination of C, N, and P in cattail using thermal neutron prompt gamma activation analysis (TNPGAA) has been developed in the TNPGAA facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and evaluated through the analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs). C1 [Zhao, L.; Robinson, L.] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Mackey, E. A.; Paul, R. L.; Greenberg, R. R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhao, L (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM li1.zhao@famu.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0743-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800043 ER PT J AU Butler, JJ Johnson, BC Rice, JP Shirley, EL Barnes, RA AF Butler, J. J. Johnson, B. C. Rice, J. P. Shirley, E. L. Barnes, R. A. TI Sources of Differences in On-Orbital Total Solar Irradiance Measurements and Description of a Proposed Laboratory Intercomparison SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absolute radiometric calibration; diffraction calculations; total solar irradiance (TSI); TSI uncertainty; TSI workshop; on-orbital TSI differences ID NIST AB There is a 5 W/m(2) (about 0.35 %) difference between current on-orbit Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) measurements. On 18-20 July 2005, a workshop was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland that focused on understanding possible reasons for this difference, through an examination of the instrument designs, calibration approaches, and appropriate measurement equations. The instruments studied in that workshop included the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor III (ACRIM III) on the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor SATellite (ACRIMSAT), the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE), the Variability of solar IRradiance and Gravity Oscillations (VIRGO) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) on the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS). Presentations for each instrument included descriptions of its design, its measurement equation and uncertainty budget, and the methods used to assess on-orbit degradation. The workshop also included a session on satellite- and ground-based instrument comparisons and a session on laboratory-based comparisons and the application of new laboratory comparison techniques. The workshop has led to investigations of the effects of diffraction and of aperture area measurements on the differences between instruments. In addition, a laboratory-based instrument comparison is proposed that uses optical power measurements (with lasers that underfill the apertures of the TSI instruments), irradiance measurements (with lasers that overfill the apertures of the TSI instrument), and a cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer as a standard for comparing the instruments. A summary of the workshop and an overview of the proposed research efforts are presented here. C1 [Butler, J. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Johnson, B. C.; Rice, J. P.; Shirley, E. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Barnes, R. A.] SAIC, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Butler, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM james.j.butler@nasa.gov; cjohnson@nist.gov; joe.rice@nist.gov; eric.shirley@nist.gov; robert.a.barnes@nasa.gov RI Butler, James/D-4188-2013 FU NASA EOS Project Science Office [S-41365-F] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Greg Kopp for many useful comments and careful reading of the manuscript. The work at NIST was supported by the NASA EOS Project Science Office (S-41365-F). NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 113 IS 4 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.6028/jres.113.014 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 360TP UT WOS:000260081000001 PM 27096120 ER PT J AU Vayshenker, I Li, X Livigni, DJ Lehman, JH Bermudez, JC Molina, JC Ruiz, ZE AF Vayshenker, I. Li, X. Livigni, D. J. Lehman, J. H. Bermudez, J. C. Molina, J. C. Ruiz, Z. E. TI Bilateral Optical Power Meter Comparison Between NIST and CENAM SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE international comparison; optical fiber; optical power ID FIBER POWER; PTB AB We describe the results of a comparison of reference standards between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-USA) and Centro Nacional De Metrologia (CENAM-Mexico). Open beam (free field) and optical-fiber-based measurements at wavelengths of 1302 nm and 1546 nm are reported. Both laboratories' reference standards were compared by means of a temperature-controlled optical trap detector. Measurements showed a largest difference of less than 3.4 parts in 10(3), which is within the combined expanded (k = 2) uncertainty for the laboratories' reference standards. C1 [Vayshenker, I.; Li, X.; Livigni, D. J.; Lehman, J. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bermudez, J. C.; Molina, J. C.; Ruiz, Z. E.] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Queretaro 76241, Mexico. RP Vayshenker, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM igor.vayshenker@nist.gov; xiaoyu.li@nist.gov; dlivigni@nist.gov; jlehman@nist.gov; jbermude@cenam.mx; jmolina@cenam.mx; zruiz@cenam.mx RI Vayshenker, Igor/H-9793-2013 OI Vayshenker, Igor/0000-0002-7098-3781 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 113 IS 4 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.6028/jres.113.015 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 360TP UT WOS:000260081000002 PM 27096121 ER PT J AU Kazakov, A Muzny, CD Chirico, RD Diky, VV Frenkel, M AF Kazakov, Andrei Muzny, Chris D. Chirico, Robert D. Diky, Vladimir V. Frenkel, Michael TI Web Thermo Tables - an On-Line Version of the TRC Thermodynamic Tables SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE database; thermophysical properties; web access ID SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; ENGINE TDE; DATABASE AB It has long been understood that availability of thermophysical and thermochemical property data is vital to scientific research and industrial design. For over 65 years, the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) has been publishing tables of critically evaluated data covering physical and thermodynamic properties of pure compounds, TRC Tables-Hydrocarbons and TRC Tables-Non-Hydrocarbons. Over their long history, the TRC Tables have always been valued as a reputable source of evaluated thermophysical and thermodynamic data. To facilitate more flexible, convenient, and up-to-date access to the data, here, we present the release of the on-line version of the TRC tables, Web Thermo Tables (WTT). Presently, WTT contains data for 7838 compounds and over 950,000 evaluated data points. The tabulated information includes critical properties, vapor pressures and boiling temperatures, phase transition properties, volumetric properties, heat capacities and derived properties, transport properties, reaction state-change properties, as well as index of refraction, surface tension, and speed of sound. Various search options and data plotting capabilities are provided via the Web interface. WTT are distributed through the NIST Standard Reference Data Program [1]. C1 [Kazakov, Andrei; Muzny, Chris D.; Chirico, Robert D.; Diky, Vladimir V.; Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kazakov, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrei.kazakov@nist.gov; chris.muzny@nist.gov; robert.chirico@nist.gov; vladimir.diky@nist.gov; frenkel@boulder.nist.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 113 IS 4 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.6028/jres.113.016 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 360TP UT WOS:000260081000003 PM 27096122 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, JG Terrill, JE Peskin, AP Filliben, JJ AF Hagedorn, John G. Terrill, Judith E. Peskin, Adele P. Filliben, James J. TI Methods for Quantifying and Characterizing Errors in Pixel-Based 3D Rendering SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computer graphics; metrology; pixel measurement; rendering measurement; scientific visualization; virtual measurement AB We present methods for measuring errors in the rendering of three-dimensional points, line segments, and polygons in pixel-based computer graphics systems. We present error metrics for each of these three cases. These methods are applied to rendering with OpenGL on two common hardware platforms under several rendering conditions. Results are presented and differences in measured errors are analyzed and characterized. We discuss possible extensions of this error analysis approach to other aspects of the process of generating visual representations of synthetic scenes. C1 [Hagedorn, John G.; Terrill, Judith E.; Peskin, Adele P.; Filliben, James J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hagedorn, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.hagedorn@nist.gov; judith.terrill@nist.gov; adele.peskin@nist.gov; james.filliben@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 113 IS 4 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.6028/jres.113.017 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 360TP UT WOS:000260081000004 PM 27096123 ER PT J AU Drexler, ES Bischoff, JE Slifka, AJ McCowan, CN Quinn, TP Shandas, R Ivy, DD Stenmark, KR AF Drexler, E. S. Bischoff, J. E. Slifka, A. J. McCowan, C. N. Quinn, T. P. Shandas, R. Ivy, D. D. Stenmark, K. R. TI Stiffening of the Extrapulmonary Arteries From Rats in Chronic Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; pulmonary hypertension; rat model; stress; stretch; stiffening ID MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; MORTALITY; STIFFNESS; PRESSURE; CIRCULATION; CHILDREN; DISEASE; RISK AB Changes in the compliance properties of large blood vessels are critical determinants of ventricular afterload and ultimately dysfunction. Little is known of the mechanical properties of large vessels exhibiting pulmonary hypertension, particularly the trunk and right main artery. We initiated a study to investigate the influence of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension on the mechanical properties of the extrapulmonary arteries of rats. One group of animals was housed at the equivalent of 5000 m elevation for three weeks and the other held at ambient conditions of similar to 1600 m. The two groups were matched in age and gender. The animals exposed to hypobaric hypoxia exhibited signs of pulmonary hypertension, as evidenced by an increase in the RV/(LV+S) heart weight ratio. The extrapulmonary arteries of the hypoxic animals were also thicker than those of the control population. Histological examination revealed increased thickness of the media and additional deposits of collagen in the adventitia. The mechanical properties of the trunk, and the right and left main pulmonary arteries were assessed; at a representative pressure (7 kPa), the two populations exhibited different quantities of stretch for each section. At higher pressures we noted less deformation among the arteries from hypoxic animals as compared with controls. A four-parameter constitutive model was employed to fit and analyze the data. We conclude that chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is associated with a stiffening of all the extrapulmonary arteries. C1 [Drexler, E. S.; Slifka, A. J.; McCowan, C. N.; Quinn, T. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bischoff, J. E.] Zimmer Inc, Warsaw, IN 46581 USA. [Shandas, R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ivy, D. D.] Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. [Stenmark, K. R.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Drexler, ES (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elizabeth.drexler@nist.gov; jeff.bischoff@zimmer.com; andrew.slifka@nist.gov; chris.mccowan@nist.gov; timothy.quinn@nist.gov; shandas.robin@tchden.org; dunbar.ivy@UCHSC.edu; kurt.stenmark@UCHSC.edu OI Shandas, Robin/0000-0002-9473-7542 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 113 IS 4 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.6028/jres.113.018 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 360TP UT WOS:000260081000005 PM 27096124 ER PT J AU Khandelwal, K El-Tawil, S Kunnath, SK Lew, HS AF Khandelwal, Kapil El-Tawil, Sherif Kunnath, Sashi K. Lew, H. S. TI Macromodel-based simulation of progressive collapse: Steel frame structures SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID CONNECTIONS AB Computationally efficient macromodels are developed for investigating the progressive collapse resistance of seismically designed steel moment frame buildings. The developed models are calibrated using detailed finite-element models of beam-column subassemblages and account for the most important physical phenomena associated with progressive collapse. The models are utilized to compare the collapse resistance of two-dimensional, ten-story steel moment frames designed for moderate and high seismic risk according to current design specifications and practices. The simulation results show that the frame designed for high seismic risk has somewhat better resistance to progressive collapse than the system designed for moderate seismic risk. The better performance is attributed to layout and system strength rather than the influence of improved ductile detailing. The alternate path method is shown to be useful for judging the ability of a system to absorb the loss of a critical member. However, it is pointed out that the method does not provide information about the reserve capacity of the system and so its results should be carefully evaluated. C1 [Khandelwal, Kapil; El-Tawil, Sherif] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kunnath, Sashi K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lew, H. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP El-Tawil, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM eltawil@umich.edu RI khandelwal, kapil/E-4037-2012; Khandelwal, Kapil/B-9181-2017 OI Khandelwal, Kapil/0000-0002-5748-6019 NR 18 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2008 VL 134 IS 7 BP 1070 EP 1078 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:7(1070) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 314VC UT WOS:000256836300002 ER PT J AU Bao, Y Kunnath, SK El-Tawil, S Lew, HS AF Bao, Yihai Kunnath, Sashi K. El-Tawil, Sherif Lew, H. S. TI Macromodel-based simulation of progressive collapse: RC frame structures SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS; CONCRETE; SHEAR; BLAST; MODEL AB The potential for progressive collapse of a typical reinforced concrete (RC) moment frame structure initiated through the loss of one or more first-story columns is numerically simulated using a macromodel-based approach. The development of the simulation model is guided by the realization that the characterization of nonlinear behavior associated with the transfer of forces through the joint is critical to predict the large deformation response associated with progressive collapse. A simplified simulation model of a beam-column joint is used to represent essential and critical actions in the floor beams and the transfer of these forces through the joint region to the vertical elements. The validity of the macromodel developed is evaluated through comparison of both overall response and element actions with those obtained from high-fidelity finite-element analyses. Two prototype buildings designed for lateral load requirements in a nonseismic and seismic region are considered in progressive collapse studies. Two-dimensional models of the frames are subjected to gravity loads and then one or more first-story columns are removed, and the resulting large displacement inelastic dynamic response of each frame is investigated. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach using a validated macromodel is a viable methodology for progressive collapse analysis. The study also finds that special RC moment frames detailed and designed in zones of high seismicity perform better and are less vulnerable to progressive collapse than RC frame structures designed for low to moderate seismic risk. C1 [El-Tawil, Sherif] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lew, H. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bao, Yihai; Kunnath, Sashi K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bao, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM eltawil@umich.edu OI El-Tawil, Sherif/0000-0001-6437-5176 NR 30 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 27 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2008 VL 134 IS 7 BP 1079 EP 1091 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:7(1079) PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 314VC UT WOS:000256836300003 ER PT J AU Baldauf, R Thoma, E Hays, M Shores, R Kinsey, J Gullett, B Kimbrough, S Isakov, V Long, T Snow, R Khlystov, A Weinstein, J Chen, FL Seila, R Olson, D Gilmour, I Cho, SH Watkins, N Rowley, P Bang, J AF Baldauf, Richard Thoma, Eben Hays, Michael Shores, Richard Kinsey, John Gullett, Brian Kimbrough, Sue Isakov, Vlad Long, Thomas Snow, Richard Khlystov, Andrey Weinstein, Jason Chen, Fu-Lin Seila, Robert Olson, David Gilmour, Ian Cho, Seung-Hyun Watkins, Nealson Rowley, Patricia Bang, John TI Traffic and meteorological impacts on near-road air quality: Summary of methods and trends from the raleigh near-road study SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ELECTRICAL MOBILITY; CHILDREN BORN; MAJOR HIGHWAY; BIRTH-WEIGHT AB A growing number of epidemiological studies conducted worldwide suggest an increase in the occurrence of adverse health effects in populations living, working, or going to school near major roadways. A study was designed to assess traffic emissions impacts on air quality and particle toxicity near a heavily traveled highway. In an attempt to describe the complex mixture of pollutants and atmospheric transport mechanisms affecting pollutant dispersion in this near-highway environment, several real-time and time-integrated sampling devices measured air quality concentrations at multiple distances and heights from the road. Pollutants analyzed included U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-regulated gases, particulate matter (coarse, fine, and ultrafine), and air toxics. Pollutant measurements were synchronized with real-time traffic and meteorological monitoring devices to provide continuous and integrated assessments of the variation of near-road air pollutant concentrations and particle toxicity with changing traffic and environmental conditions, as well as distance from the road. Measurement results demonstrated the temporal and spatial impact of traffic emissions on near-road air quality. The distribution of mobile source emitted gas and particulate pollutants under all wind and traffic conditions indicated a higher proportion of elevated concentrations near the road, suggesting elevated exposures for populations spending significant amounts of time in this microenvironment. Diurnal variations in pollutant concentrations also demonstrated the impact of traffic activity and meteorology on near-road air quality. Time-resolved measurements of multiple pollutants demonstrated that traffic emissions produced a complex mixture of criteria and air toxic pollutants in this microenvironment. These results provide a foundation for future assessments of these data to identify the relationship of traffic activity and meteorology on air quality concentrations and population exposures. C1 [Baldauf, Richard; Thoma, Eben; Hays, Michael; Shores, Richard; Kinsey, John; Gullett, Brian; Kimbrough, Sue] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard] Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Off Air & Radiat, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Isakov, Vlad] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Long, Thomas; Snow, Richard] ARCADIS Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Khlystov, Andrey] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Weinstein, Jason; Chen, Fu-Lin; Seila, Robert; Olson, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gilmour, Ian; Cho, Seung-Hyun] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Watkins, Nealson; Rowley, Patricia] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bang, John] N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Baldauf, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baldauf.richard@epa.gov RI Khlystov, Andrey/C-6134-2009; Hays, Michael/E-6801-2013; Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009; OI Khlystov, Andrey/0000-0001-9606-3919; Hays, Michael/0000-0002-4029-8660; Kimbrough, Evelyn Sue/0000-0002-7246-0255 NR 51 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 42 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 58 IS 7 BP 865 EP 878 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.7.865 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328PB UT WOS:000257809200002 PM 18672711 ER PT J AU Thoma, ED Shores, RC Isakov, V Baldauf, RW AF Thoma, Eben D. Shores, Richard C. Isakov, Vlad Baldauf, Richard W. TI Characterization of near-road pollutant gradients using path-integrated optical remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSION FACTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION; PARTICLES; MORTALITY; SYMPTOMS; GASOLINE; CHILDREN AB Understanding motor vehicle emissions, near-roadway pollutant dispersion, and their potential impact to near-roadway populations is an area of growing environmental interest. As part of ongoing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency research in this area, a field study was conducted near Interstate 440 (I-440) in Raleigh, NC, in July and August of 2006. This paper presents a subset of measurements from the study focusing on nitric oxide (NO) concentrations near the roadway. Measurements of NO in this study were facilitated by the use of a novel path-integrated optical remote sensing technique called deep ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DUV-DOAS). This paper reviews the development and application of this measurement system. Time-resolved near-road NO concentrations are analyzed in conjunction with wind and traffic data to provide a picture of emissions and near-road dispersion for the study. Results show peak NO concentrations in the 150 ppb range during weekday morning rush hours with winds from the road accompanied by significantly lower afternoon and weekend concentrations. Traffic volume and wind direction are shown to be primary determinants of NO concentrations with turbulent diffusion and meandering accounting for significant near-road concentrations in off-wind conditions. The enhanced source capture performance of the open-path configuration allowed for robust comparisons of measured concentrations with a composite variable of traffic intensity coupled with wind transport (R-2 = 0.84) as well as investigations on the influence of wind direction on NO dilution near the roadway. The benefits of path-integrated measurements for assessing line source impacts and evaluating models is presented. The advantages of NO as a tracer compound, compared with nitrogen dioxide, for investigations of mobile source emissions and initial dispersion under crosswind conditions are also discussed. C1 [Thoma, Eben D.; Shores, Richard C.; Baldauf, Richard W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Isakov, Vlad] US EPA, NOAA, Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard W.] Natl Vehicle & Fuel Emiss Lab, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Thoma, ED (reprint author), 109 TW Alexander Dr,E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM thoma.eben@epa.gov NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 58 IS 7 BP 879 EP 890 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.7.879 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328PB UT WOS:000257809200003 PM 18672712 ER PT J AU Howard-Reed, C Henzel, V Nabinger, SJ Persily, AK AF Howard-Reed, Cynthia Henzel, Victor Nabinger, Steven J. Persily, Andrew K. TI Development of a field test method to evaluate gaseous air cleaner performance in a multizone building SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FILTRATION AB The performance of gaseous air cleaners for commercial and residential buildings has typically been evaluated using test protocols developed for a controlled laboratory chamber or a test duct. It is currently unknown how laboratory measurements relate to the actual performance of an air cleaner installed in a real building. However, to date, there are no air cleaner field test protocols available, thereby limiting the existing field data. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has conducted a series of experiments to, support test procedure development for evaluating the installed performance of gaseous air cleaning equipment, as well as metrics for characterizing field performance. To date, over 100 experiments have been completed, of which 23 portable air cleaner experiments and 6 in-duct air cleaner experiments are described in this paper. Tests were conducted in a finished three-bedroom/two-bathroom manufactured house equipped with several gas chromatographs to semi-continuously measure air change rates and volatile organic compound concentrations. Experimental variables included air cleaner location, isolation of zones by closing doors, and contaminant source location. For each experiment, air cleaner removal of decane was directly measured using the air cleaner inlet and outlet concentrations, as well as with mass balance analyses using measured room concentrations. With a verified mass balance model, a field performance metric was developed to compare installed whole-building performance to the performance predicted by a laboratory result. The results provide insight into the protocols and metrics that might prove useful for characterizing the field performance of air cleaners as well as the impact of air cleaner removal on zonal concentration levels in a variety of situations. C1 [Howard-Reed, Cynthia; Henzel, Victor; Nabinger, Steven J.; Persily, Andrew K.] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Howard-Reed, C (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, 100 Bur Dr,IMS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chreed@nist.gov RI Reed, 0./B-5695-2009 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 58 IS 7 BP 919 EP 927 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.7.919 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328PB UT WOS:000257809200007 PM 18672716 ER PT J AU Bullard, JW AF Bullard, Jeffrey W. TI A determination of hydration mechanisms for tricalcium silicate using a kinetic cellular automaton model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID C-S-H; BETA-DICALCIUM SILICATE; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY RELATIONSHIPS; EARLY C3S HYDRATION; PORTLAND-CEMENT; MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE; INDUCTION PERIOD; CALCIUM; SIMULATION AB Reaction mechanisms for the early stages of hydration of tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5) have not been agreed upon, although theories have appeared in the literature. In this paper, a mechanistic description is proposed that is consistent with a wide range of reported experimental observations, and which is supported quantitatively by simulations using HydratiCA, a new three-dimensional microstructure model of chemical kinetics. Rate processes are quantitatively modeled using probabilistic cellular automaton algorithms that are based on the principles of transition state theory. The model can test alternate assumptions about the reaction paths and rate-controlling steps, making it a kind of experimental tool for investigating kinetics and interpreting experimental observations. It is used here to show that hydration of Ca3SiO5 is most likely controlled by nucleation and growth of a compositionally variable calcium silicate hydrate solid, mediated at very early times by a transient, thermodynamically metastable solid that rapidly covers and sharply reduces the dissolution rate of Ca3SiO5. This proposed mechanism involves important elements of two leading theories of Ca3SiO5 hydration, neither of which alone has been able to capture the full range of experimental data when tested by the model. C1 NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bullard@nist.gov NR 68 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2088 EP 2097 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02419.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 327DF UT WOS:000257709100003 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Borgmeyer, B Winholtz, RA Ma, HB Jacobson, DL Hussey, DS Arif, M AF Wilson, C. Borgmeyer, B. Winholtz, R. A. Ma, H. B. Jacobson, D. L. Hussey, D. S. Arif, M. TI Visual observation of oseillating heat pipes using neutron radiography SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ENHANCEMENT; NANOFLUIDS; NANOTUBE AB Qualitative observation of flow patterns in water and nanofluid oscillating heat pipes was conducted at various heat inputs and condenser temperatures. Images of the liquid flow within the copper tubing were first captured at 30 frames per second using neutron radiography. Neutron radiography allows direct observation of a fluid position because liquid water is hydrogen rich and opaque while water vapor (because it is much less dense) and the other materials in the oscillating heat pipes are transparent. Flow visualization was conducted on an 8-turn water oscillating heat pipe, an 8-turn nanofluid oscillating heat pipe, and a 12-turn nanofluid oscillating heat pipe. The water oscillating heat pipe was filled with high performance liquid chromatography grade water. The 12-turn nanofluid oscillating heat pipe was filled with 1% by volume (35.0 g - ml(-1)) diamond nanoparticles in high performance liquid chromatography water and the 8-turn oscillating heat pipe contained 0.016% by volume (0.5 mg . ml(-1)) diamond nanoparticles high performance liquid chromatography water. The diamond nanoparticles were 5 to 50 nm in diameter. All oscillating heat pipes were charged at a filling ratio of 50%. Visual observation shows for all heat pipes that at low heat inputs, fluid oscillation is very random and intermittent. Increasing the heat input causes a steady flow pattern to appear. For all tested oscillating heat pipes, increased heat load or operating temperature resulted in an increased fluid velocity. Also, nucleation was never observed in the tested oscillating heat pipes. C1 [Wilson, C.; Borgmeyer, B.; Winholtz, R. A.; Ma, H. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jacobson, D. L.; Hussey, D. S.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mah@missouri.edu NR 15 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.2514/1.33758 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 328SJ UT WOS:000257817800006 ER PT J AU Edelstein, AS Burnette, J Fischer, GA Cheng, SF Egelhoff, WF Pong, PWT McMichael, RD Nowak, ER AF Edelstein, A. S. Burnette, J. Fischer, G. A. Cheng, S. F. Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. Pong, P. W. T. McMichael, R. D. Nowak, E. R. TI Advances in magnetometry through miniaturization SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETIC SENSORS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; NOISE; FLUCTUATIONS AB Recent innovations may lead to magnetic sensors that are smaller, more sensitive, and/or cost less than current magnetometers. Examples of this are the chip scale atomic magnetometer, magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barriers, and a device for minimizing the effect of I If noise, the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator. In the chip scale atomic magnetometer, researchers have been able to fabricate the light source, optics, heater, optical cell, and photodiode detector in a stack that passes through a silicon wafer. Theoretical and subsequent experimental work has led to the observation of magnetoresistance values of 400% at room temperature in magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barriers. This large magnetoresistance occurs because electrons in the majority band can tunnel more easily through the MgO barrier than electrons in the minority band. The MEMS flux concentrator has the potential to increase the sensitivity of magnetic sensors at low frequencies by more than an order of magnitude. The MEMS flux concentrator does this by shifting the operating frequency to higher frequencies where the I If noise is much smaller. The shift occurs because the motion of flux concentrators on MEMS flaps modulates the field at kilohertz frequencies at the position of the sensor. Though miniaturization is generally beneficial, trade-offs are necessary because some properties, such as noise, worsen with decreasing size. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Edelstein, A. S.; Burnette, J.; Fischer, G. A.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Cheng, S. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.; Pong, P. W. T.; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nowak, E. R.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM edelstein@arl.army.mil RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.1116/1.2841516 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200034 ER PT J AU Guisinger, NP Rutter, GM Crain, JN Heiliger, C First, PN Stroscio, JA AF Guisinger, N. P. Rutter, G. M. Crain, J. N. Heiliger, C. First, P. N. Stroscio, J. A. TI Atomic-scale investigation of graphene formation on 6H-SiC(0001) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; SIC(0001) SURFACE; GRAPHITE SURFACES; FILMS; RECONSTRUCTIONS; DEFECTS; GROWTH; PHASE AB The growth of graphene on the silicon-terminated face of 6H-SiC(0001) was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements. The initial stages of ultrahigh vacuum graphitization resulted in the growth of individual graphene sheets on random Sic terraces. These initial graphene sheets contained few defects, and the regions of clean Sic were free of contamination, exhibiting a 6 root 3 x 6 root 3R30 degrees surface reconstruction. However, graphitization to multilayer thickness resulted in multiple defects, as observed with the STM. A high density of defects was observed, which may be attributed to the initial treatment of the Sic wafer. We characterize these defects, showing that they are located predominantly below the first layer of graphene. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Rutter, G. M.; First, P. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Guisinger, N. P.; Crain, J. N.; Heiliger, C.; Stroscio, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heiliger, C.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP First, PN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nguisinger@anl.gov; first@physics.gatech.edu; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 39 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 932 EP 937 DI 10.1116/1.2900661 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200064 ER PT J AU Rutter, GM Crain, JN Guisinger, NP First, PN Stroscio, JA AF Rutter, G. M. Crain, J. N. Guisinger, N. P. First, P. N. Stroscio, J. A. TI Structural and electronic properties of bilayer epitaxial graphene SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; BERRYS PHASE; GRAPHITE; SCATTERING; GAS AB Scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) are used to study the structural and electronic properties of bilayer epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001). Topographic images reveal that graphene conforms to the SiC interface morphology and is observed to be continuous across steps separating adjoining terraces. Bilayer epitaxial graphene is shown to be Bernal stacked as is evidenced by bias-dependent topographic imaging. STS maps of the differential conductance show that graphene lattice defects cause scattering of charge carriers near the Fermi level. An analysis of stationary scattering patterns observed in the conductance maps determines the energy-momentum dispersion relation within 100 meV of the Fermi level. In contrast to lattice defects, disorder at the SiC interface and at subsurface steps plays a much lesser role in the scattering of charge carriers. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Rutter, G. M.; First, P. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Crain, J. N.; Guisinger, N. P.; Stroscio, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP First, PN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM first@physics.gatech.edu; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 938 EP 943 DI 10.1116/1.2944257 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200065 ER PT J AU Nisar, J Awan, IA AF Nisar, Jan Awan, Iftikhar A. TI A gas-phase kinetic study on the thermal decomposition of 2-chloropropene SO KINETICS AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID 2-BROMOPROPENE AB The gas-phase thermal decomposition of 2-chloropropene in the presence of a radical inhibitor was studied in the temperature range of 668.2-747.2 K and pressure between 11-76 Torr using the conventional static system. The dehydrochlorination to propyne and HCl was the only reaction channel and accounted for > 98% of the reaction. The formation of propyne was found to be homogeneous and unimolecular and follows a first-order rate law. The observed rate coefficient is expressed by the following Arrhenius equation: k(total) = 10(13.05 +/- 0.46) (s(-1))exp(-246 +/- 6.2(kJ/mol)/RT). The hydrogen halide elimination is believed to proceed through a semipolar four-membered cyclic transition state. The presence of a methyl group on the alpha-carbon atom lowered the activation energy by 47 kJ mol(-1). The experimentally observed pressure dependence of the rate constant is compared with the theoretically predicted values that are obtained by RRKM calculations. C1 [Nisar, Jan] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. [Awan, Iftikhar A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nisar, J (reprint author), Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. EM pashkalawati@gmail.com NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0023-1584 J9 KINET CATAL+ JI Kinet. Catal. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 4 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1134/S0023158408040010 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 337SD UT WOS:000258454900001 ER PT J AU Olson, MB Lessard, EJ Cochlan, WP Trainer, VL AF Olson, M. Brady Lessard, Evelyn J. Cochlan, William P. Trainer, Vera L. TI Intrinsic growth and microzooplankton grazing on toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. diatoms from the coastal northeast Pacific SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; WASHINGTON-STATE; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; IRON; CALIFORNIA; WATERS; CARBON; HERBIVORY; ECOLOGY; AREAS AB We investigated the population ecology of toxigenic diatoms within the genus Pseudo-nitzschia on the Pacific Northwest coast during 2003, 2004, and 2005. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were widespread and abundant across the region, and the maximum density reached at our experimental stations was similar to 7 x 10(6) cells L-1. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. biomass did not correlate with total phytoplankton biomass, indicating that the growth response and/or mortality rate of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were dissimilar to other phytoplankton. In dilution experiments across wide-ranging ocean conditions, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. intrinsic growth rates were moderate to high ((x) over bar = 0.97 d(-1), range 0.24 d(-1) to 2.30 d(-1), n = 36), and they were consistently higher than the corresponding growth rates of the aggregate <5-mu m and >5-mu m chlorophyll a (Chl a) communities. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. growth was predicted by irradiance and temperature but not ambient nitrate concentration, whereas both Chl a size fractions showed dependence upon nitrate for growth. Microzooplankton grazing rates on Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were moderate ((x) over bar = 0.32 d(-1), range 0.00 d(-1) to 1.70 d(-1), n = 36); they were nearly always lower than corresponding Pseudo-nitzschia spp. intrinsic growth, significantly lower than the grazing rates on the <5-mu m Chl a size fraction, and comparable to grazing rates on the >5-mu m Chl a size fraction. Our results show that the strong competitive fitness of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. results more from expression of characteristics that enable sustained high growth during variable and unfavorable conditions than from intrinsic adaptations that reduce grazing mortality. C1 [Olson, M. Brady; Lessard, Evelyn J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cochlan, William P.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Trainer, Vera L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Marine Biotoxins Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Olson, MB (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM bolson@marine.usf.edu NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1352 EP 1368 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.4.1352 PG 17 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 328BY UT WOS:000257773700014 ER PT J AU Miller, TW Brodeur, RD Rau, GH AF Miller, Todd W. Brodeur, Richard D. Rau, Greg H. TI Carbon stable isotopes reveal relative contribution of shelf-slope production to the northern California Current pelagic community SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; OREGON COAST; UPWELLING ECOSYSTEM; OPEN-OCEAN; FRACTIONATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; NITROGEN; PACIFIC AB To better delineate the relative contribution of shelf and slope production to the northern California Current (NCC) pelagic community, we examined the cross-shelf distribution of delta C-13 in 19 species of nekton, three species of Cancer decapod larvae, five gelatinous zooplankton, two dominant euphausiid species (Thysanoessa spinifera and Euphausia pacifica), calanoid copepods (Acartia sp. and Pseudocalanus sp.), and particulate organic matter (POM). Results showed C-13 enrichment from nearshore shelf sites relative to offshore slope sites at all trophic levels. For POM, a significant trend in delta C-13 with log chlorophyll a (Chl a) was observed, with high Chl a values associated with shelf primary production. Copepods, gelatinous zooplankton, and nekton showed a significant linear decrease in delta C-13 with distance offshore. Nekton and gelatinous zooplankton associated with very nearshore shelf waters (< 10 km distance offshore) had the highest delta C-13 values, whereas those off the slope (> 20 km offshore) were more depleted in C-13. A comparison of results from nonparametric analysis of the pelagic community data to environmental variables also showed variables associated with the shelf and oceanic waters, with distance offshore, sea surface temperature (10 m in depth), and bottom depth being significant. Because pelagic systems are highly dynamic in space and time, our study indicated that delta C-13 could be used as an indicator of relative nearshore and offshore production across multiple trophic levels, even in active upwelling ecosystems such as the NCC. C1 [Miller, Todd W.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Rau, Greg H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Miller, TW (reprint author), Ehime Univ, CMES, 2-5 Bunkyo Cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1493 EP 1503 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.4.1493 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 328BY UT WOS:000257773700026 ER PT J AU Barnett-Johnson, R Pearson, TE Ramos, FC Grimes, CB MacFarlane, RB AF Barnett-Johnson, Rachel Pearson, Thomas E. Ramos, Frank C. Grimes, Churchill B. MacFarlane, R. Bruce TI Tracking natal origins of salmon using isotopes, otoliths, and landscape geology SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LA-MC-ICPMS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; LARVAL RETENTION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CENTRAL VALLEY; LIFE-HISTORY; SR ISOTOPES; FISH; RIVER AB The inability to identify natal origins (i.e., individual rivers and hatcheries) of adult Pacific salmon in the ocean has impeded our understanding of their ocean ecology and the management of mixed-stock fisheries. Strontium isotope ((87)Sr : (86)Sr) ratios recorded in otoliths of fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from all major natural and hatchery spawning sites in the California Central Valley can be used as natural tags to identify natal origins with high accuracy (82%) and improved when additional otolith markers identified fish to hatchery (98%) or naturally spawned (94%) sources. A spatial baseline of (87)Sr : (86)Sr signatures was developed by targeting (87)Sr : (86)Sr within juvenile portions of otoliths accreted in natal streams and hatcheries using laser ablation and a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The availability and analyses of known-origin coded wire tagged adults provides a rare test of this technique to reconstruct early life-histories of adults (90% correct classification). By quantifying the area of watershed influenced by granitic rocks using hydrologic and geologic data layers, we explained 94% of the geographic variability in (87)Sr : (86)Sr in salmon otoliths. Creating a spatial map in geographic information systems relating landscape geology to Sr isotopes is a useful framework for evaluating the efficacy of Sr isotopes to track the natal origin and movement of salmonids in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments to better understand how processes occurring in these habitats influence the growth, survival, and reproductive success of anadromous fishes. C1 [Barnett-Johnson, Rachel; Pearson, Thomas E.; Grimes, Churchill B.; MacFarlane, R. Bruce] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ramos, Frank C.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. RP Barnett-Johnson, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Barnett-Johnson@biology.ucsc.edu NR 42 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1633 EP 1642 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.4.1633 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 328BY UT WOS:000257773700039 ER PT J AU Li, QP Hansell, DA Zhang, JZ AF Li, Qian P. Hansell, Dennis A. Zhang, Jia-Zhong TI Underway monitoring of nanomolar nitrate plus nitrite and phosphate in oligotrophic seawater SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-WAVE-GUIDE; CONTINUOUS-FLOW ANALYSIS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; NATURAL-WATERS; CAPILLARY-CELL; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; LUMINOL CHEMILUMINESCENCE; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; INJECTION ANALYSIS; TRACE ANALYSIS AB To study nutrient dynamics and cycling in oligotrophic open ocean environments, continuous measurements of nanomolar nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate are valuable. However, such studies are usually impeded by the detection limits of conventional nutrient-sensors and analyzers. Here, we developed a shipboard deployable underway system for simultaneously monitoring nitrate plus nitrite and phosphate at nanomolar concentrations by the coupling of an optimized flow injection analytical system with two long-path liquid waveguide capillary cells ( LWCC). The detection limits are similar to 2 nM for nitrate plus nitrite and similar to 1.5 nM for phosphate, respectively. Results from realtime surveys of waters over the west Florida continental shelf and the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea are presented. This system has also been successfully used to analyze more than 1000 discrete seawater samples manually during 2 cruises in the North Atlantic. C1 [Li, Qian P.; Hansell, Dennis A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jia-Zhong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. RP Li, QP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM qian@coast.ucsd.edu RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Hansell, Dennis/0000-0001-9275-3445 FU National Science Foundation [OCE0241340]; RSMAS Mary Roche Fellowship; NOAA FX (The authors are grateful to the crews of R/V F.G. Walton Smith and R/V Oceanus for their assistance during the fieldwork in South Florida coastal waters and in the Sargasso Sea. We thank two anonymous reviewers for useful comments on the manuscripts. This work is supported by National Science Foundation (OCE0241340 to DAH) and a RSMAS Mary Roche Fellowship (to QPL). JJZ also wishes to acknowledge the support of NOAA. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 6 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350MA UT WOS:000259355400006 ER PT J AU Baldwin, D Spromber, J Scholz, N Collier, T AF Baldwin, David Spromber, Julann Scholz, Nathaniel Collier, Tracy TI Pesticides and Pacific salmon: Linking biochemical responses to population dynamics SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baldwin, David; Spromber, Julann; Scholz, Nathaniel; Collier, Tracy] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400218 ER PT J AU Springman, KR Short, JW Lindeberg, M Rice, SD AF Springman, Kathrine R. Short, Jeffrey W. Lindeberg, Mandy Rice, Stanley D. TI Evaluation of bioavailable hydrocarbon sources and their induction potential in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 14) CY MAY 06-09, 2007 CL Florianopolis, BRAZIL SP Petroleo Brasileiro S A, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif Tecnol, Soc Brasileira Ecotoxicol, Univ Fed Santa Catarina DE complex mixture; EROD; oil spill; SPMD; CYP1A; assessment ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; CONTAMINANTS; POLLUTANTS; WATER AB To realistically evaluate the consequences of exposure to a complex mixture, we modified a passive sampler technology, the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD), which absorbs the bioavailable hydrophobic organic compounds present in an environment. These samplers were deployed in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, at locations selected as potential sites of hydrocarbon deposition, as well as in random sites for regional assessment. Some of these sites were affected by previous human activity, such as canneries and salmon hatcheries, while others were sites of oil discharge as a consequence of the 1964 earthquake or the oil spill of T/V Exxon Valdez in 1989. The SPMDs were deployed for 27-28 d, processed, and then split, with one aliquot dedicated to chemical analysis and the other injected into juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), along with the proper controls including a solvent control, field blank, and positive control. Trout fry were sacrificed after 2 or 7 d, and their livers assayed for CYP1A induction by the standard bioassay for hydrocarbon exposure, the ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) assay. The results of this study were consistent and reproducible and showed that oil, whether deposited in 1964 or 1989, is still bioavailable as it can elicit as sustained response. Also, the same oil deposited in different sites of the same region has degraded differently, which is demonstrated by this method. Other putative sources of hydrocarbons, such as oil seeps, were dismissed as regional sources of induction agents as the responses following injection of modified SPMD extract from those sites did not differ significantly from the solvent control. This is a flexible, sensitive method that assesses the response to site-specific bioavailable contaminants and does so within the normal physiological response range of the target. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Springman, Kathrine R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Short, Jeffrey W.; Lindeberg, Mandy; Rice, Stanley D.] NOAA, NMFS, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Springman, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM krspringman@gmail.com NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 220 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.02.064 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400260 ER PT J AU Baird, RW Gorgone, AM McSweeney, DJ Webster, DL Salden, DR Deakos, MH Ligon, AD Schorr, GS Barlow, J Mahaffy, SD AF Baird, Robin W. Gorgone, Antoinette M. McSweeney, Daniel J. Webster, Daniel L. Salden, Dan R. Deakos, Mark H. Ligon, Allan D. Schorr, Gregory S. Barlow, Jay Mahaffy, Sabre D. TI False killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) around the main Hawaiian Islands: Long-term site fidelity, inter-island movements, and association patterns SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE false killer whale; Pseudorca crassidens; site fidelity; social organization; Hawai'i; movements ID THUNNUS-ALBACARES; CYCLONIC EDDIES; BEHAVIOR; ABUNDANCE; OBESUS; WATERS; TUNA; FADS AB Despite their world-wide distribution throughout the tropics and subtropics, false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) are one of the lesser-known large odontocetes. Genetic evidence indicates a demographically isolated population around the main Hawaiian Islands. We examine site fidelity, movements and association patterns in this population using data from directed surveys and opportunistic photographs from 1986 to 2007. This species was only infrequently encountered, and while found in depths from 38 to 4,331 m, sighting rates were greatest in depths > 3,000 m. We photo-identified 152 distinctive individuals. Resighting rates were high, with an average of 76.8% of distinctive individuals within groups documented on more than one occasion. Most (86.6%) were linked by association into a single social network; only one large group (16 distinctive individuals), documented the farthest offshore (42-70 km), did not link by association to that large network, and may be part of an offshore population. Individual movements of up to 283 km were documented, with a large proportion of individuals moving among islands. Individuals were resighted up to 20.1 yr after first being documented, showing long-term fidelity to the islands. Repeated associations among individuals were documented for up to 15 yr, and association analyses indicate preferred associations and strong bonds among individuals. C1 [Baird, Robin W.; Schorr, Gregory S.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Gorgone, Antoinette M.] NOAA SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [McSweeney, Daniel J.; Webster, Daniel L.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA. [Salden, Dan R.] Hawaii Whale Res Fdn, Maryville, IL 62062 USA. [Deakos, Mark H.] Hawaii Assoc Marine Educ & Res Inc, Lahaina, HI 96761 USA. [Ligon, Allan D.] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 2181-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org NR 46 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 591 EP 612 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00200.x PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 328LF UT WOS:000257799200009 ER PT J AU Baird, RW Webster, DL Schorr, GS McSweeney, DJ Barlow, J AF Baird, Robin W. Webster, Daniel L. Schorr, Gregory S. McSweeney, Daniel J. Barlow, Jay TI Diel variation in beaked whale diving behavior SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE shark; killer whale; predator avoidance; vertical migration; Blainville's beaked whale; Mesoplodon densirostris; Cuvier's beaked whale; Ziphius cavirostris; Hawai'i ID CUVIERS ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; GALEOCERDO-CUVIER; HAWAIIAN WATERS; NIGHTTIME BEHAVIOR; VERTICAL MIGRATION; KILLER WHALES; NORTH PACIFIC; TIGER SHARKS; RATES; RISK AB We investigate diel variation in beaked whale diving behavior using data from time-depth recorders deployed on six Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) (255 h) and two Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris) (34 h) beaked whales. Deep foraging dives (> 800 m) occurred at similar rates during the day and night for Blainville's beaked whales, and there were no significant diel differences in ascent rates, descent rates, or mean or maximum depths or durations for deep dives. Dive to mid-water depths (100-600 m) occurred significantly more often during the day (mean = 1.59 h(-1)) than at night (mean = 0.26 h(-1)). Series of progressively shallower "bounce" dives were only documented to follow the deep, long dives made during the day; at night whales spent more time in shallow (< 100 m) depths. Significantly slower ascent rates than descent rates were found following deep foraging dives both during the day and night. Similar patterns were found for the Cuvier's beaked whales. Our results suggest that so-called "bounce" dives do not serve a physiological function, although the slow ascents may. This diel variation in behavior suggests that beaked whales may spend less time in surface waters during the day to avoid near-surface, visually oriented predators such as large sharks or killer whales (Orcinus orca). C1 [Baird, Robin W.; Schorr, Gregory S.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Webster, Daniel L.] Bridger Consulting Grp, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [McSweeney, Daniel J.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 2181-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org NR 48 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 630 EP 642 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00211.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 328LF UT WOS:000257799200011 ER PT J AU Krahn, MM Pitman, RL Burrows, DG Herman, DP Pearce, RW AF Krahn, Margaret M. Pitman, Robert L. Burrows, Douglas G. Herman, David P. Pearce, Ronald W. TI Use of chemical tracers to assess diet and persistent organic pollutants in Antarctic Type C killer whales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE killer whale; Orcinus orca; diet; prey; biopsy sampling; stable isotopes; fatty acids; persistent organic pollutants; Antarctica ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MARINE FOOD-WEB; STABLE-ISOTOPE SIGNATURES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; BLUBBER FATTY-ACIDS; ORCINUS-ORCA; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; DELTA-C-13 MEASUREMENTS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES AB Measuring chemical tracers in tissues of marine predators provides insight into the prey consumed and the predator's contaminant exposure. In this study, samples from Type C killer whales (Orcinus orca) biopsied in Antarctica were analyzed for chemical tracers (i.e., stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, fatty acids, and persistent organic pollutants [POPs]). Profiles of these individual tracers were very different from those of killer whale populations that have been studied in the eastern North and eastern Tropical Pacific. For example, delta C-13 and delta N-15 stable isotope values and most POP concentrations were significantly lower in the Antarctic population. In addition, multivariate statistical analyses of both fatty acid and POP profiles found distinctly different patterns for Antarctic Type C whales compared to those from whales in the other populations. Similar assays were conducted on four species of Antarctic marine fish considered potential prey for Type C killer whales. Results were consistent with a diet of fish for Type C whales, but other species (e.g., low trophic-level marine mammals or penguins) could not be eliminated as supplemental prey. C1 [Krahn, Margaret M.; Burrows, Douglas G.; Herman, David P.; Pearce, Ronald W.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Pitman, Robert L.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Krahn, MM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM peggy.krahn@noaa.gov NR 74 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 643 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00213.x PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 328LF UT WOS:000257799200012 ER PT J AU Dahlheim, ME Schulman-Janiger, A Black, N Ternullo, R Ellifrit, D Balcomb, KC AF Dahlheim, Marilyn E. Schulman-Janiger, Alisa Black, Nancy Ternullo, Richard Ellifrit, Dave Balcomb, Kenneth C., II TI Eastern temperate North Pacific offshore killer whales (Orcinus orca): Occurrence, movements, and insights into feeding ecology SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; ALASKA C1 [Dahlheim, Marilyn E.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Black, Nancy; Ternullo, Richard] Monterey Bay Cetacean Project, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Ellifrit, Dave; Balcomb, Kenneth C., II] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Dahlheim, ME (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM marilyn.dahlheim@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 719 EP 729 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00206.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 328LF UT WOS:000257799200018 ER PT J AU Grafton, RQ Hilborn, R Ridgeway, L Squires, D Williams, M Garcia, S Groves, T Joseph, J Kelleher, K Kompas, T Libecap, G Lundin, CG Makino, M Matthiasson, T McLoughlin, R Parma, A Martin, GS Satia, B Schmidt, CC Tait, M Zhang, LX AF Grafton, R. Quentin Hilborn, Ray Ridgeway, Lori Squires, Dale Williams, Meryl Garcia, Serge Groves, Theodore Joseph, James Kelleher, Kieran Kompas, Tom Libecap, Gary Lundin, Carl Gustaf Makino, Mitsutaku Matthiasson, Thorolfur McLoughlin, Richard Parma, Ana Martin, Gustavo San Satia, Ben Schmidt, Carl-Christian Tait, Maree Zhang, Lin Xiu TI Positioning fisheries in a changing world SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE governance; public and private benefits ID SUSTAINABILITY; FUTURE AB Marine capture fisheries face major and complex challenges: habitat degradation, poor economic returns, social hardships from depleted stocks, illegal fishing, and climate change, among others. The key factors that prevent the transition to sustainable fisheries are information failures, transition costs, use and non-use conflicts and capacity constraints. Using the experiences of fisheries successes and failures it is argued only through better governance and institutional change that encompasses the public good of the oceans (biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, sustainability) and societal values (existence, aesthetic and amenity) will fisheries be made sustainable. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grafton, R. Quentin; Kompas, Tom; Tait, Maree] Australian Natl Univ, Crawford Sch Econ & Govt, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Ridgeway, Lori] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Int Policy & Integrat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. [Squires, Dale] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Garcia, Serge] UN, FAO, Dept Fisheries, Fisheries Resources Div, I-1400050 Rome, Italy. [Groves, Theodore] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Econ, La Jolla, CA 95093 USA. [Kelleher, Kieran] World Bank, Dept Agr & Rural Dev, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Libecap, Gary] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lundin, Carl Gustaf] World Conservat Union, IUCN, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Makino, Mitsutaku] Fisheries Res Agcy, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Matthiasson, Thorolfur] Univ Iceland, Fac Econ & Business Adm, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Parma, Ana] Argentina Natl Council Sci & Technol, Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Martin, Gustavo San] Benth Fisheries, Valparaiso, Chile. [Satia, Ben] FAO, Comm Fisheries, W Lynwood, WA 98087 USA. [Schmidt, Carl-Christian] OECD, Div Pecheries, F-75775 Paris 16, France. [Zhang, Lin Xiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Chinese Agr Policy, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Grafton, RQ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Crawford Sch Econ & Govt, JG Crawford Bldg, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM quentin.grafton@anu.edu.au RI Kompas, Tom/F-5930-2010; Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013; Grafton, R. Quentin/A-5277-2008 OI Kompas, Tom/0000-0002-6698-225X; Grafton, R. Quentin/0000-0002-0048-9083 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 630 EP 634 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.11.003 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 311PB UT WOS:000256611000010 ER PT J AU Harte, M Endreny, P Sylvia, G Mann, HM AF Harte, Michael Endreny, Polly Sylvia, Gil Mann, Heather Munro TI Developing underutilized fisheries: Oregon's developmental fisheries program SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE rights-based fisheries management; developmental fisheries; commercial development incentives ID COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; NEW-ZEALAND; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM AB Oregon's Developmental Fisheries Program is designed to encourage the commercial exploration and development of State managed under-utilized fishery resources. A key program strategy is allocating relatively secure harvest rights to pioneering entrepreneurs when a fishery successfully transitions from "developing" to "developed" status. Since the program's inception in 1993, two fisheries, sardine and bay clam, have moved from undeveloped to developed status. Case studies of these fisheries show that many challenges impact the success of the Developmental Fisheries Program including difficulties in designing and allocating asset rights, establishing operational program guidelines, selecting measurable targets that meet legislative standards for a developed fishery, and financing developmental fisheries management practices. Developmental fisheries strategies used in other regions and countries are summarized. Recommendations are made for improving Oregon's Developmental Fishery Program including establishing clear objectives and timelines for the Program and identifying appropriate renewal requirements for permits and other developmental incentives on a fishery-by-fishery basis. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Harte, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Endreny, Polly] Off Policy Planning & Evaluat, NOAA Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sylvia, Gil] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mann, Heather Munro] Munro Consulting Inc, Siletz, OR USA. RP Harte, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mharte@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.11.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 311PB UT WOS:000256611000012 ER PT J AU Breuer, E Shimmield, G Peppe, O AF Breuer, Eric Shimmield, Graham Peppe, Oliver TI Assessment of metal concentrations found within a North Sea drill cuttings pile SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE North Sea drill cuttings; metal concentrations; electrodes lander oxygen ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TRACE-METALS; IN-SITU; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; WATER AB North Sea drill cuttings piles are a distinct anthropogenic legacy resulting from the exploration and production of North Sea oil reserves. The need to understand metal cycling within the piles becomes increasingly important with the imminent decommissioning of many North Sea platforms and the subsequent fate of associated cuttings piles. This paper presents results of the simultaneous analysis of geochemical carrier substances (Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides), along with dissolved (< 0.2 mu m) and total (> 0.2 mu m) metal (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, V) concentrations from a North Sea cuttings pile and surrounding sediment. These data are examined in conjunction with in situ measured porewater oxygen and sulfide, Results show a rapid removal of oxygen within the top few millimeters of the cuttings pile along with elevated concentrations of total hydrocarbons and solid phase metal concentrations compared to the surrounding environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Breuer, Eric; Shimmield, Graham; Peppe, Oliver] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. RP Breuer, E (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS ST, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eric.breuer@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1310 EP 1322 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 334AS UT WOS:000258195300022 PM 18499193 ER PT J AU Phelan, FR Kutty, P Pathak, JA AF Phelan, Frederick R., Jr. Kutty, Prasad Pathak, Jai A. TI An electrokinetic mixer driven by oscillatory cross flow SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS LA English DT Article DE chaotic mixing; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); degree of mixing; electroosmotic flow (EOF); Hamiltonian chaos; Lyapunov exponent; microfluidics ID TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; CHAOTIC ADVECTION; VISCOUS FLUIDS; MICROFLUIDICS; MICROCHANNELS; INSTABILITY; MICROMIXER; DEVICES; CAVITY; ENHANCEMENT AB An electrokinetic mixer driven by oscillatory cross flow has been studied numerically as a means for generating chaotic mixing in microfluidic devices for both confined and throughput mixing configurations. The flow is analyzed using numerical simulation of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations combined with the tracking of single and multi-species passive tracer particles. First, the case of confined flow mixing is studied in which flow in the perpendicular channels of the oscillatory mixing element is driven sinusoidally, and 90 degrees out of phase. The flow is shown to be chaotic by means of positive effective (finite time) Lyapunov exponents, and the stretching and folding of material lines leading to Lagrangian tracer particle dispersion. The transition to chaotic flow in this case depends strongly on the Strouhal number (St), and weakly on the ratio of the cross flow channel length to width (L/W). For L/W = 2, the flow becomes appreciably chaotic as evidenced by visual particle dispersion at approximately St = 0.32, and the transitional value of St increases slightly with increasing aspect ratio. A peak degree of mixing on the order of 85% is obtained for the range of parameter values explored here. In the second phase of the analysis, the effect of combining a fixed throughput flow with the oscillatory cross channel motion for use in a continuous mixing operation is examined in a star cell geometry. Chaotic mixing is again observed, and the characteristics of the downstream dispersion patterns depend mainly on the Strouhal number and the (dimensionless) throughput rate. In the star cell, the flow becomes appreciably chaotic as evidenced by visual particle dispersion at approximately St = 1, slightly higher than for the case of cross cell. The star cell mixing behavior is marked by the convergence of the degree of mixing to a plateau level as the Strouhal number is increased at fixed flow rate. Degree of mixing values from 70 to 80% are obtained indicating that the continuous flow is bounded by the maximum degree of mixing obtained from the confined flow configuration. C1 [Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.; Kutty, Prasad; Pathak, Jai A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phelan, FR (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frederick.phelan@nist.gov; jai.pathak@nrl.navy.mil NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1613-4982 J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID JI Microfluid. Nanofluid. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 101 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s10404-007-0231-y PG 18 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 303AC UT WOS:000256010500010 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Do, C AF Waples, Robin S. Do, Chi TI LDNE: a program for estimating effective population size from data on linkage disequilibrium SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE bias; genetics; jackknife; N-e/N ratio; precision ID SAMPLES; BIAS AB LDNE is a program with a Visual Basic interface that implements a recently developed bias correction for estimates of effective population size (N-e) based on linkage disequilibrium data. The program reads genotypic data in standard formats and can accommodate an arbitrary number of samples, individuals, loci, and alleles, as well as two mating systems: random and lifetime monogamy. LDNE calculates separate estimates using different criteria for excluding rare alleles, which facilitates evaluation of data for highly polymorphic markers such as microsatellites. The program also introduces a jackknife method for obtaining confidence intervals that appears to perform better than parametric methods currently in use. C1 [Waples, Robin S.; Do, Chi] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 17 TC 550 Z9 558 U1 11 U2 142 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 753 EP 756 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2007.02061.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 324IF UT WOS:000257511600005 PM 21585883 ER PT J AU Liu, HX Xue, M AF Liu, Haixia Xue, Ming TI Prediction of convective initiation and storm evolution on 12 June 2002 during IHOP_2002. Part I: Control simulation and sensitivity experiments SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM ARPS; SOLAR-RADIATION; RADAR DATA; MODEL; IHOP; FORECASTS; CLIMATE AB The 12 - 13 June 2002 convective initiation case from the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) field experiment over the central Great Plains of the United States is simulated numerically with the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) at 3-km horizontal resolution. The case involves a developing mesoscale cyclone, a dryline extending from a low center southwestward with a cold front closely behind, which intercepts the midsection of the dryline, and an outflow boundary stretching eastward from the low center resulting from earlier mesoscale convection. Convective initiation occurred in the afternoon at several locations along and near the dryline or near the outflow boundary, but was not captured by the most intensive deployment of observation instruments during the field experiment, which focused instead on the dryline - outflow boundary intersection point. Standard and special surface and upper-air observations collected during the field experiment are assimilated into the ARPS at hourly intervals in a 6-h preforecast period in the control experiment. This experiment captured the initiation of four groups of convective cells rather well, with timing errors ranging between 10 and 100 min and location errors ranging between 5 and 60 km. The general processes of convective initiation are discussed. Interestingly, a secondary initiation of cells due to the collision between the main outflow boundary and the gust fronts developing out of model-predicted convection earlier is also captured accurately about 7 h into the prediction. The organization of cells into a squall line after 7 h is reproduced less well. A set of sensitivity experiments is performed in which the impact of assimilating nonstandard data gathered by IHOP_2002, and the length and interval of the data assimilation are examined. Overall, the control experiment that assimilated the most data produced the best forecast although some of the other experiments did better in some aspects, including the timing and location of the initiation of some of the cell groups. Possible reasons for the latter results are suggested. The lateral boundary locations are also found to have significant impacts on the initiation and subsequent evolution of convection, by affecting the interior flow response and/or feeding in more accurate observation information through the boundary, as available gridded analyses from a mesoscale operational model were used as the boundary condition. Another experiment examines the impact of the vertical correlation scale in the analysis scheme on the cold pool analysis and the subsequent forecast. A companion paper will analyze in more detail the process and mechanism of convective initiation, based on the results of a nested 1-km forecast. C1 [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Suite 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2261 EP 2282 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2161.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900001 ER PT J AU Weckwerth, TM Murphey, HV Flamant, C Goldstein, J Pettet, CR AF Weckwerth, Tammy M. Murphey, Hanne V. Flamant, Cyrille Goldstein, Janine Pettet, Crystalyne R. TI An observational study of convection initiation on 12 June 2002 during IHOP_2002 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEA-BREEZE FRONT; AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR; LAYER CONVERGENCE LINES; SYNOPTICALLY ACTIVE ENVIRONMENT; SEVERE STORM DEVELOPMENT; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; THUNDERSTORM INITIATION; SQUALL LINE AB The International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) was designed to sample the three-dimensional time-varying moisture field to better understand convective processes. Numerous research and operational water vapor measuring systems and retrievals, via in situ and remote sensing techniques, were operated in the U. S. Southern Great Plains from 13 May to 25 June 2002. This was done in combination with more traditional observations of wind and temperature. Convection initiation (CI) sampling strategies were designed to optimally employ the array of ground-based and airborne sensors to observe the processes leading to the development of deep, moist convection. This case study examines several clear-air features and their impact on CI on 12 June 2002. The supercells that developed produced damaging winds and hail. The clear-air, preconvective features included (i) a mesoscale low pressure region, (ii) a dryline, (iii) an old outflow boundary, (iv) the intersection of (ii) and (iii), (v) internal gravity waves, and (vi) horizontal convective rolls. A unique combination of instruments was positioned to sample the preconvective environment on 12 June 2002. The Lidar pour l'Etude des Interactions Aerosols Nuages Dynamique Rayonnement et du Cycle de l'Eau (LEANDRE II) water vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL), the airborne Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA), and the Navy Research Laboratory (NRL) P3 aircraft in situ measurements provided information on the moisture and vertical velocity distribution within the boundary layer. Radiosondes, dropsondes, wind profilers, and an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) provided temperature, moisture, and wind profiling information. Although other ground-based sensors (i.e., S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar, Mobile Integrated Profiling System) were 50-150 km west of the CI area, they were useful for illustrating the boundary layer kinematics and reflectivity fields. Results suggest that the mesolow and mesoscale boundaries, respectively, acted to enhance the low- level moisture advection and convergence in the CI region. While internal gravity waves were present and appeared to modulate water vapor along the old outflow boundary, they did not play an obvious role in CI in this case. Horizontal convective rolls were observed beneath the new storms that initiated and may have helped to focus the CI in this case. C1 [Weckwerth, Tammy M.; Goldstein, Janine] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Murphey, Hanne V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Flamant, Cyrille] Univ Paris 06, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Pettet, Crystalyne R.] Natl Weather Serv, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Weckwerth, TM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tammy@ucar.edu NR 96 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2283 EP 2304 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2128.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900002 ER PT J AU Correia, J Arritt, RW Anderson, CJ AF Correia, James, Jr. Arritt, Raymond W. Anderson, Christopher J. TI Idealized mesoscale convective system structure and propagation using convective parameterization SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SQUALL-LINE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PREDICTION MODELS; TOGA COARE; MASS FLUX; PRECIPITATION; VERIFICATION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; EXPLICIT AB The development and propagation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) was examined within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using the Kain - Fritsch (KF) cumulus parameterization scheme and a modified version of this scheme. Mechanisms that led to propagation in the parameterized MCS are evaluated and compared between the versions of the KF scheme. Sensitivity to the convective time step is identified and explored for its role in scheme behavior. The sensitivity of parameterized convection propagation to microphysical feedback and to the shape and magnitude of the convective heating profile is also explored. Each version of the KF scheme has a favored calling frequency that alters the scheme's initiation frequency despite using the same convective trigger function. The authors propose that this behavior results in part from interaction with computational damping in WRF. A propagating convective system develops in simulations with both versions, but the typical flow structures are distorted (elevated ascending rear inflow as opposed to a descending rear inflow jet as is typically observed). The shape and magnitude of the heating profile is found to alter the propagation speed appreciably, even more so than the microphysical feedback. Microphysical feedback has a secondary role in producing realistic flow features via the resolvable-scale model microphysics. Deficiencies associated with the schemes are discussed and improvements are proposed. C1 [Correia, James, Jr.; Arritt, Raymond W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Anderson, Christopher J.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Anderson, Christopher J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Correia, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jimmyc@iastate.edu RI Correia, Jr, James/A-9455-2010 OI Correia, Jr, James/0000-0003-1092-8999 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2422 EP 2442 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2229.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900009 ER PT J AU Halliwell, GR Shay, LK Jacob, SD Smedstad, OM Uhlhorn, EW AF Halliwell, G. R., Jr. Shay, L. K. Jacob, S. D. Smedstad, O. M. Uhlhorn, E. W. TI Improving ocean model initialization for coupled tropical cyclone forecast models using GODAE nowcasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MIXED-LAYER RESPONSE; HURRICANE GILBERT; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; DATA ASSIMILATION; WIND FIELDS; COORDINATE; SYSTEM; HYCOM AB To simulate tropical cyclone (TC) intensification, coupled ocean -atmosphere prediction models must realistically reproduce the magnitude and pattern of storm-forced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling. The potential for the ocean to support intensification depends on the thermal energy available to the storm, which in turn depends on both the temperature and thickness of the upper-ocean warm layer. The ocean heat content (OHC) is used as an index of this potential. Large differences in available thermal energy associated with energetic boundary currents and ocean eddies require their accurate initialization in ocean models. Two generations of the experimental U. S. Navy ocean nowcast -forecast system based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) are evaluated for this purpose in the NW Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico prior to Hurricanes Isidore and Lili (2002), Ivan (2004), and Katrina (2005). Evaluations are conducted by comparison to in situ measurements, the navy's three-dimensional Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) temperature and salinity analyses, microwave satellite SST, and fields of OHC and 26 degrees C isotherm depth derived from satellite altimetry. Both nowcast -forecast systems represent the position of important oceanographic features with reasonable accuracy. Initial fields provided by the first-generation product had a large upper-ocean cold bias because the nowcast was initialized from a biased older-model run. SST response in a free-running Isidore simulation is improved by using initial and boundary fields with reduced cold bias generated from a HYCOM nowcast that relaxed model fields to MODAS analyses. A new climatological initialization procedure used for the second-generation nowcast system tended to reduce the cold bias, but the nowcast still could not adequately reproduce anomalously warm conditions present before all storms within the first few months following nowcast initialization. The initial cold biases in both nowcast products tended to decrease with time. A realistic free-running HYCOM simulation of the ocean response to Ivan illustrates the critical importance of correctly initializing both warm-core rings and cold-core eddies to correctly simulate the magnitude and pattern of SST cooling. C1 [Halliwell, G. R., Jr.; Shay, L. K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jacob, S. D.] NASA, GEST, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Smedstad, O. M.] Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Uhlhorn, E. W.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Halliwell, GR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ghalliwell@rsmas.miami.edu RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342 NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2576 EP 2591 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2154.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900018 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, R Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS AF Hagedorn, Renate Hamill, Thomas M. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI Probabilistic forecast calibration using ECMWF and GFS ensemble reforecasts. Part I: Two-meter temperatures SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MODEL OUTPUT STATISTICS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; SINGULAR VECTORS; WEATHER; SKILL AB Recently, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) produced a reforecast dataset for a 2005 version of their ensemble forecast system. The dataset consisted of 15-member reforecasts conducted for the 20-yr period 1982-2001, with reforecasts computed once weekly from 1 September to 1 December. This dataset was less robust than the daily reforecast dataset produced for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS), but it utilized a much higher-resolution, more recent model. This manuscript considers the calibration of 2-m temperature forecasts using these reforecast datasets as well as samples of the last 30 days of training data. Nonhomogeneous Gaussian regression was used to calibrate forecasts at stations distributed across much of North America. Significant observations included the following: (i) although the "raw" GFS forecasts (probabilities estimated from ensemble relative frequency) were commonly unskillful as measured in continuous ranked probability skill score (CRPSS), after calibration with a 20-yr set of weekly reforecasts their skill exceeded that of the raw ECMWF forecasts; (ii) statistical calibration using the 20-yr weekly ECMWF reforecast dataset produced a large improvement relative to the raw ECMWF forecasts, such that the similar to 4-5-day calibrated reforecast-based product had a CRPSS as large as a 1-day raw forecast; (iii) a calibrated multimodel GFS/ECMWF forecast trained on 20-yr weekly reforecasts was slightly more skillful than either the individual calibrated GFS or ECMWF reforecast products; (iv) approximately 60%-80% of the improvement from calibration resulted from the simple correction of time-averaged bias; (v) improvements were generally larger at locations where the forecast skill was originally lower, and these locations were commonly found in regions of complex terrain; (vi) the past 30 days of forecasts were adequate as a training dataset for short-lead forecasts, but longer-lead forecasts benefited from more training data; and (vii) a small but consistent improvement was produced by calibrating GFS forecasts using the full 25-yr, daily reforecast training dataset versus the subsampled, 20-yr weekly training dataset. C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hagedorn, Renate] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2608 EP 2619 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2410.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900020 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Hagedorn, R Whitaker, JS AF Hamill, Thomas M. Hagedorn, Renate Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI Probabilistic forecast calibration using ECMWF and GFS ensemble reforecasts. Part II: Precipitation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; SKILL; MODEL AB As a companion to Part I, which discussed the calibration of probabilistic 2-m temperature forecasts using large training datasets, Part II discusses the calibration of probabilistic forecasts of 12-hourly precipitation amounts. Again, large ensemble reforecast datasets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Global Forecast System (GFS) were used for testing and calibration. North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) 12-hourly precipitation analysis data were used for verification and training. Logistic regression was used to perform the calibration, with power-transformed ensemble means and spreads as predictors. Forecasts were produced and validated for every NARR grid point in the conterminous United States (CONUS). Training sample sizes were increased by including data from 10 nearby grid points with similar analyzed climatologies. "Raw" probabilistic forecasts from each system were considered, in which probabilities were set according to ensemble relative frequency. Calibrated forecasts were also considered based on three amounts of training data: the last 30 days of forecasts (available for 2005 only), weekly reforecasts during 1982 -2001, and daily reforecasts during 1979 -2003 (GFS only). Several main results were found. (i) Raw probabilistic forecasts from the ensemble prediction systems' relative frequency possessed little or negative skill when skill was computed with a version of the Brier skill score (BSS) that does not award skill solely on the basis of differences in climatological probabilities among samples. ECMWF raw forecasts had larger skills than GFS raw forecasts. (ii) After calibration with weekly reforecasts, ECMWF forecasts were much improved in reliability and were moderately skillful. Similarly, GFS-calibrated forecasts were much more reliable, albeit somewhat less skillful. Nonetheless, GFS-calibrated forecasts were much more skillful than ECMWF raw forecasts. (iii) The last 30 days of training data produced calibrated forecasts of light-precipitation events that were nearly as skillful as those with weekly reforecast data. However, for higher precipitation thresholds, calibrated forecasts using the weekly reforecast datasets were much more skillful, indicating the importance of large sample size for the calibration of unusual and rare events. (iv) Training with daily GFS reforecast data provided calibrated forecasts with a skill only slightly improved relative to that from the weekly data. C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hagedorn, Renate] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2620 EP 2632 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2411.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900021 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Lu, HJ Gao, ST Xue, M Tong, MJ AF Xu, Qin Lu, Huijuan Gao, Shouting Xue, Ming Tong, Mingjing TI Time-expanded sampling for ensemble Kalman filter: Assimilation experiments with simulated radar observations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID THEORETICAL ASPECTS; PARAMETERIZED DISCONTINUITIES; GENERALIZED ADJOINT; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; PART II; MODEL; ERROR; PREDICTION; FORECASTS; IMPACT AB A time-expanded sampling approach is proposed for the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). This approach samples a series of perturbed state vectors from each prediction run not only at the analysis time (as the conventional approach does) but also at other time levels in the vicinity of the analysis time. Since all the sampled state vectors are used to construct the ensemble, the number of required prediction runs can be much smaller than the ensemble size and this can reduce the computational cost. Since the sampling time interval can be adjusted to optimize the ensemble spread and enrich the ensemble structures, the proposed approach can improve the EnKF performance even though the number of prediction runs is greatly reduced. The potential merits of the time-expanded sampling approach are demonstrated by assimilation experiments with simulated radar observations for a supercell storm case. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lu, Huijuan] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lu, Huijuan] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xue, Ming; Tong, Mingjing] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2651 EP 2667 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2185.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900023 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zipser, EJ Krueger, SK Zulauf, MA AF Li, Yaping Zipser, Edward J. Krueger, Steven K. Zulauf, Mike A. TI Cloud-resolving modeling of deep convection during KWAJEX. Part I: Comparison to TRMM satellite and ground-based radar observations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; VERTICAL VELOCITY EVENTS; ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; TROPICAL CONVECTION; OCEANIC CONVECTION; MESOSCALE MODEL; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE MODEL; SCHEME AB A global TRMM database of tropical cloud system precipitation features ( PFs), which provides useful observational constraints on cloud system properties, is used to evaluate the bulk microphysics schemes in a cloud- resolving model ( CRM). The simulation of the Mesoscale Convective System ( MCS) of 11 - 12 August 1999 during the Kwajalein Experiment ( KWAJEX) is executed using the 3D University of Utah CRM, which employs a one- moment bulk, three- ice category microphysical parameterization. The simulated precipitation features are compared with climatological " norms" for Kwajalein locations from the TRMM PF database to evaluate the precipitation microphysics of the cloud model simulation. The model-simulated reflectivities are also compared with vertical profiles of radar reflectivity obtained from a ground-based precipitation radar. Comparison of simulation results with the TRMM observation statistics indicates that the model tends to underestimate microwave brightness temperatures at ice-scattering frequencies and overestimate radar reflectivities, especially for those associated with larger ice particles. The differences between the statistics of KWAJEX simulation and available ground-based precipitation radar observations are relatively small at the levels below 5 km. Above 6 km, the differences increase with height and reach a maximum near 9 km. The simulated radar reflectivities are statistically 5 - 13 dBZ higher than those from radar observations at levels between 7 and 10.5 km, where graupel is the dominant simulated ice species. The largest graupel mixing ratios, as high as 8 g kg(-1), are the most likely reason for the unrealistically high simulated radar reflectivity. Comparison of model-simulated graupel mixing ratio with available microphysics data from the Citation aircraft indicates that the model overestimates graupel content at the level the Citation flew ( about 6.4 km). C1 [Li, Yaping; Zipser, Edward J.; Krueger, Steven K.; Zulauf, Mike A.] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM yaping.li@noaa.gov NR 72 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2699 EP 2712 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2258.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900026 ER PT J AU Davies-Jones, R AF Davies-Jones, Robert TI An efficient and accurate method for computing the wet-bulb temperature along pseudoadiabats SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; COMPUTATION; SUPERCELL AB A new technique for computing the wet- bulb potential temperature of a parcel and its temperature after pseudoadiabatic ascent or descent to a new pressure level is presented. It is based on inverting Bolton's most accurate formula for equivalent potential temperature theta(E) to obtain the adiabatic wet- bulb temperature T-w on a given pseudoadiabat at a given pressure by an iterative technique. It is found that Tw is a linear function of equivalent temperature raised to the -1/K-d ( i. e., -3.504) power, where K-d is the Poisson constant for dry air, in a significant region of a thermodynamic diagram. Consequently, Bolton's formula is raised to the -1/K-d power prior to the solving. A good " initial- guess" formula for T-w is devised. In the pressure range 100 <= p <= 1050 mb, this guess is within 0.34 K of the converged solution for wet- bulb potential temperatures theta(w) <= 40 degrees C. Just one iteration reduces this relative error to less than 0.002 K for -20 degrees <= theta(w) 40 degrees C. The upper bound on the overall error in the computed Tw after one iteration is 0.2 K owing to an inherent uncertainty in Bolton's formula. With a few changes, the method also works for finding the temperature on water- or ice- saturation reversible adiabats. The new technique is far more accurate and efficient than the Wobus method, which, although little known, is widely used in a software package. It is shown that, although the Wobus function, on which the Wobus method is based, is supposedly only a function of temperature, it has in fact a slight pressure dependence, which results in errors of up to 1.2 K in the temperature of a lifted parcel. This intrinsic inaccuracy makes the Wobus method far inferior to a new algorithm presented herein. C1 Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Davies-Jones, R (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM bob.davies-jones@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2764 EP 2785 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2224.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900030 ER PT J AU Artuso, RD Bryantt, GW AF Artuso, Ryan D. Bryantt, Garnett W. TI Optical response of strongly coupled quantum dot - Metal nanoparticle systems: Double peaked fano structure and bistability SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITON-PLASMON INTERACTION; HYBRID EXCITONS; SEMICONDUCTOR; MOLECULES AB In this communication, we study the optical response of a semiconductor quantum dot (SOD) coupled with a metal nanoparticle (MNP). in particular, we explore the relationship between the size of the constituents and the response of the system. We identify, here, three distinct regimes of behavior in the strong field limit that each exhibit novel properties. In the first regime, we find that the energy absorption spectrum displays an asymmetrical Fano shape (as previously predicted). It occurs when there is interference between the applied field and the induced field produced by the SOD at the MNP. When the coupling is increased by increasing the size of the SOD, we find a double peaked Fano structure in the response. This second peak occurs when the induced field becomes stronger than the external field. As the coupling is further increased by increasing the sizes of both the SOD and the MNP, we find a regime of bistability. This originates when the self-interaction of the SOD becomes significant. We explore these three regimes in detail and set bounds on each. C1 [Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bryantt, Garnett W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryantt, Garnett W.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Artuso, RD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM artuso@umd.edu NR 14 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2106 EP 2111 DI 10.1021/nl800921z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500056 PM 18558787 ER PT J AU Reay, DS Dentener, F Smith, P Grace, J Feely, RA AF Reay, Dave S. Dentener, Frank Smith, Pete Grace, John Feely, Richard A. TI Global nitrogen deposition and carbon sinks SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATE FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; SOIL RESPIRATION; EUROPEAN FORESTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; HARVARD FOREST AB Land and ocean uptake of carbon dioxide plays a critical role in determining atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Future increases in nitrogen deposition have been predicted to increase the size of these terrestrial and marine carbon sinks, but although higher rates of nitrogen deposition might enhance carbon uptake in northern and tropical forests, they will probably have less of an impact on ocean sink strength. Combined, the land and ocean sinks may sequester an additional 10% of anthropogenic cabon emissions by 2030 owing to increased nitrogen inputs, but a more conservative estimate of 1 to 2% is more likely. Thus nitrogen-induced increases in the strength of land and ocean sinks are unlikely to keep pace with future increases in carbon dioxide. C1 [Reay, Dave S.; Grace, John] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dentener, Frank] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Smith, Pete] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Environm & Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Reay, DS (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. EM david.reay@ed.ac.uk RI Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010; Reay, David/F-4054-2010; Grace, John/N-9280-2013 OI Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124; NR 92 TC 223 Z9 255 U1 32 U2 240 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 1 IS 7 BP 430 EP 437 DI 10.1038/ngeo230 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 331AG UT WOS:000257984500011 ER PT J AU Chang, P Zhang, R Hazeleger, W Wen, C Wan, XQ Ji, L Haarsma, RJ Breugem, WP Seidel, H AF Chang, Ping Zhang, Rong Hazeleger, Wilco Wen, Caihong Wan, Xiuquan Ji, Link Haarsma, Reindert J. Breugem, Wim-Paul Seidel, Howard TI Oceanic link between abrupt changes in the North Atlantic Ocean and the African monsoon SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL CELLS; CLIMATE CHANGES; PATHWAYS; MODEL; TERMINATION AB Abrupt changes in the African monsoon can have pronounced socioeconomic impacts on many West African countries. Evidence for both prolonged humid periods and monsoon failures have been identified throughout the late Pleistocene and early Holocene epochs(1,2). In particular, drought conditions in West Africa have occurred during periods of reduced North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, such as the Younger Dryas cold event(1). Here, we use an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to examine the link between oceanographic changes in the North Atlantic Ocean and changes in the strength of the African monsoon. Our simulations show that when North Atlantic thermohaline circulation is substantially weakened, the flow of the subsurface North Brazil Current reverses. This leads to decreased upper tropical ocean stratification and warmer sea surface temperatures in the equatorial South Atlantic Ocean, and consequently reduces African summer monsoonal winds and rainfall over West Africa. This mechanism is in agreement with reconstructions of past climate. We therefore suggest that the interaction between thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean and wind-driven currents in the tropical Atlantic Ocean contributes to the rapidity of African monsoon transitions during abrupt climate change events. C1 [Chang, Ping; Wen, Caihong; Wan, Xiuquan; Ji, Link; Seidel, Howard] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Rong] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hazeleger, Wilco; Haarsma, Reindert J.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Breugem, Wim-Paul] Delft Univ Technol, Lab Aero & Hydrodynam, NL-2628 CA Delft, Netherlands. RP Chang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ping@tamu.edu RI Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; Haarsma, Reindert/D-1803-2013; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 NR 28 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 1 IS 7 BP 444 EP 448 DI 10.1038/ngeo218 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 331AG UT WOS:000257984500013 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Wen, JS Stock, C Gehring, PM AF Xu, Guangyong Wen, Jinsheng Stock, C. Gehring, P. M. TI Phase instability induced by polar nanoregions in a relaxor ferroelectric system SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMECHANICAL RESPONSE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ELECTRIC-FIELD; X-RAY; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; PBTIO3; PMN AB Relaxor ferroelectrics are a special class of material that exhibit an enormous electromechanical response and are easily polarized with an external field. These properties make them attractive for applications as sensors and actuators. Local clusters of randomly oriented polarization, known as polar nanoregions (PNRs), are specific to relaxor ferroelectrics and play a key role in governing their dielectric properties. Here, we show through neutron inelastic scattering experiments that the PNRs can also significantly affect the structural properties of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Zn(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-4.5% PbTiO(3) (PZN-4.5% PT). A strong interaction is found between the PNRs and the propagation of acoustic phonons. A comparison between acoustic phonons propagating along different directions reveals a large asymmetry in the lattice dynamics that is induced by the PNRs. We suggest that a phase instability induced by this PNR-phonon interaction may contribute to the ultrahigh piezoelectric response of this and related relaxor ferroelectric materials. Our results naturally explain the emergence of the various observed monoclinic phases in these systems. C1 [Xu, Guangyong; Wen, Jinsheng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Mat Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stock, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gehring, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Mat Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gxu@bnl.gov RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 42 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 7 U2 79 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 7 IS 7 BP 562 EP 566 DI 10.1038/nmat2196 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 318DW UT WOS:000257072800020 PM 18469821 ER PT J AU Regal, CA Teufel, JD Lehnert, KW AF Regal, C. A. Teufel, J. D. Lehnert, K. W. TI Measuring nanomechanical motion with a microwave cavity interferometer SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-PRESSURE; QUANTUM LIMITS; RESONATOR; MICROMIRROR; AMPLIFIER; NOISE AB A mechanical resonator is a physicist's most tangible example of a harmonic oscillator. With the advent of micro and nanoscale mechanical resonators, researchers are rapidly progressing towards a tangible harmonic oscillator with motion that requires a quantum description. Challenges include freezing out the thermomechanical motion to leave only zero-point quantum fluctuations delta x(zp) and, equally importantly, realizing a Heisenberg-limited displacement detector. Here, we introduce a detector that can be in principle quantum limited and is also capable of efficiently coupling to the motion of small-mass, nanoscale objects, which have the most accessible zero-point motion. Specifically, we measure the displacement of a nanomechanical beam using a superconducting transmission-line microwave cavity. We realize excellent mechanical force sensitivity (3 aN Hz(-1/2)), detect thermal motion at tens of millikelvin temperatures and achieve a displacement imprecision of 30 times the standard quantum limit. C1 [Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lehnert, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM konrad.lehnert@jila.colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941 NR 36 TC 265 Z9 267 U1 1 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 BP 555 EP 560 DI 10.1038/nphys974 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 331AH UT WOS:000257984600016 ER PT J AU Perry, DM Klein-MacPhee, G Keller, A AF Perry, Dean M. Klein-MacPhee, Grace Keller, Aimee TI Early induction of spawning of tautogs and comparison of growth rates of larvae from early and normally spawned broodstocks SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY CONDITIONS; ONITIS; CULTURE AB A reliable broodstock of spawning fish must be available year-round for finfish aquaculture to be a commercially viable venture. Two independent laboratory trials were conducted at Milford, Connecticut, and Narragansett, Rhode Island, to investigate spawning adult tautogs Tautoga onitis outside their normal spawning season by manipulating temperature and photoperiod. The spawning date for adult tautogs was successfully advanced by 2 months in each trial. the Egg production rates were similar between the two trials, e peak numbers of eggs produced per day occurring between 5 and 8 d after spawning began. Although the methods used were slightly different at each laboratory, the results were similar, viable embryos being successfully hatched and cultured in each trial. Larval growth from the Rhode Island early-spawned fish was similar to that of larvae from fish spawned during the normal spawning season. The results of both trials indicate the possibility of maintaining multiple broodstocks and inducing them to breed at different times throughout the year. C1 [Perry, Dean M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Klein-MacPhee, Grace] Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Jamestown, RI 02835 USA. [Keller, Aimee] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Perry, DM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM dean.perry@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 70 IS 3 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1577/A07-021.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 336VK UT WOS:000258392700015 ER PT J AU Akerib, DS Barnes, PD Brink, PL Cabrera, B Clarke, RM Gaitskell, RJ Golwala, SR Huber, ME Kurylowicz, M Mandic, V Martinis, JM Meunier, P Mirabolfathi, N Nam, SW Perillo-Isaac, M Saab, T Sadoulet, B Schnee, RW Seitz, DN Shutt, T Smith, GW Stockwell, WK Sundqvist, KM White, S AF Akerib, D. S. Barnes, P. D., Jr. Brink, P. L. Cabrera, B. Clarke, R. M. Gaitskell, R. J. Golwala, S. R. Huber, M. E. Kurylowicz, M. Mandic, V. Martinis, J. M. Meunier, P. Mirabolfathi, N. Nam, S. W. Perillo-Isaac, M. Saab, T. Sadoulet, B. Schnee, R. W. Seitz, D. N. Shutt, T. Smith, G. W. Stockwell, W. K. Sundqvist, K. M. White, S. TI Design and performance of a modular low-radioactivity readout system for cryogenic detectors in the CDMS experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Dark Matter; WIMP; cryogenic detector; TES; phonon; ionization; CDMS ID 25 MK; IONIZATION; PHONON; GERMANIUM; SENSORS; CRYSTAL; VOLTAGE AB The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment employs ultra-cold solid-state detectors to search for rare events resulting from WIMP-nucleus scattering. An innovative detector packaging and readout system has been developed to meet the unusual combination of requirements for: low temperature, low radioactivity, low energy threshold, and large channel count. Features include use of materials with low radioactivity such as multi-layer KAPTON laminates for circuit boards; immunity to microphonic noise via a vacuum coaxial wiring design, manufacturability, and modularity. The detector readout design had to accommodate various electronic components which have to be operated in close proximity to the detector as well maintaining separate individual temperatures (ranging from 600 mK to 150K) in order to achieve optimal noise performance. The paper will describe the general electrical, thermal, and mechanical designs of the CDMS readout system, as well as presenting the theoretical and measured performance of the detector readout channels. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Saab, T (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, New Phys Bldg,POB 118440, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tsaab@phys.ufl.edu RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 591 IS 3 BP 476 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.03.103 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 328SV UT WOS:000257819000007 ER PT J AU Kim, S Shin, SY Lee, IH Kim, SJ Sriram, R Zhang, BT AF Kim, Sun Shin, Soo-Yong Lee, In-Hee Kim, Soo-Jin Sriram, Ram Zhang, Byoung-Tak TI PIE: an online prediction system for protein-protein interactions from text SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; PUBMED ABSTRACTS; NETWORK AB Protein-protein interaction (PPI) extraction has been an important research topic in bio-text mining area, since the PPI information is critical for understanding biological processes. However, there are very few open systems available on the Web and most of the systems focus on keyword searching based on predefined PPIs. PIE ( Protein Interaction information Extraction system) is a configurable Web service to extract PPIs from literature, including user-provided papers as well as PubMed articles. After providing abstracts or papers, the prediction results are displayed in an easily readable form with essential, yet compact features. The PIE interface supports more features such as PDF file extraction, PubMed search tool and network communication, which are useful for biologists and bio-system developers. The PIE system utilizes natural language processing techniques and machine learning methodologies to predict PPI sentences, which results in high precision performance for Web users. PIE is freely available at http://bi.snu.ac.kr/pie/. C1 [Kim, Sun; Lee, In-Hee; Zhang, Byoung-Tak] Seoul Natl Univ, Biointelligence Lab, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Shin, Soo-Yong; Sriram, Ram] NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Byoung-Tak] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Bioinformat Technol, Grad Program Bioinformat, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Zhang, BT (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Biointelligence Lab, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM btzhang@bi.snu.ac.kr NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 SU S BP W411 EP W415 DI 10.1093/nar/gkn281 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 333GZ UT WOS:000258142300076 PM 18508809 ER PT J AU Hudson, DD Shish, K Schibli, TR Kutz, JN Christodoulides, DN Morandotti, R Cundiff, ST AF Hudson, Darren D. Shish, Kimberlee Schibli, Thomas R. Kutz, J. Nathan Christodoulides, Demetrios N. Morandotti, Roberto Cundiff, Steven T. TI Nonlinear femtosecond pulse reshaping in waveguide arrays SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DISCRETE SOLITONS AB We observe nonlinear pulse reshaping of femtosecond pulses in a waveguide array owing to coupling between waveguides. Amplified pulses from a mode-locked fiber laser are coupled to an AlGaAs core waveguide array structure. The observed power-dependent pulse reshaping agrees with theory, including shortening of the pulse in the central waveguide. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Hudson, Darren D.; Schibli, Thomas R.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shish, Kimberlee; Kutz, J. Nathan] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Christodoulides, Demetrios N.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Morandotti, Roberto] Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 13 BP 1440 EP 1442 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001440 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331NB UT WOS:000258017800016 PM 18594658 ER PT J AU Ohno, Y Davis, W AF Ohno, Yoshi Davis, Wendy TI Color quality and spectra SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article C1 [Ohno, Yoshi; Davis, Wendy] NIST, Opt Sensor Grp, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ohno, Y (reprint author), NIST, Opt Sensor Grp, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ohno@nist.gov; wendy.davis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTONIC SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 330UE UT WOS:000257967500020 ER PT J AU Becerra, FE Willis, RT Rolston, SL Orozco, LA AF Becerra, F. E. Willis, R. T. Rolston, S. L. Orozco, L. A. TI Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor: The diamond configuration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; PHOTON; GENERATION; SYSTEM; STATES AB We investigate experimentally and theoretically nondegenerate four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor using a diamond configuration (5S(1/2), 5P(1/2), 5P(3/2), and 6S(1/2) levels). We model this process of three classical fields interacting with a four-level atomic system with the Schrodinger equation. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions for the generated light as a function of detuning. C1 [Becerra, F. E.; Willis, R. T.; Rolston, S. L.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.; Willis, R. T.; Rolston, S. L.; Orozco, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.] CINVESTAV, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. RP Becerra, FE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013834 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013834 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300232 ER PT J AU Galvan, AP Zhao, Y Orozco, LA AF Galvan, A. Perez Zhao, Y. Orozco, L. A. TI Measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the 6S(1/2) level in rubidium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC DIPOLE; MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; FREQUENCY SPECTROSCOPY; PARITY NONCONSERVATION; 2-PHOTON TRANSITIONS; ISOTOPE SHIFT; ENERGY-LEVELS; CESIUM; ANOMALIES; MOMENT AB We present a measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the 6S(1/2) excited level of rubidium using two-photon absorption spectroscopy in a glass cell. The values we obtain for the magnetic dipole constant A are 239.18(03) MHz and 807.66(08) MHz for (85)Rb and (87)Rb, respectively. The combination of the magnetic moments of the two isotopes and our measurements show a hyperfine anomaly in this atomic excited state. The observed hyperfine anomaly difference has a value of (87)delta(85)=-0.0036(2) due to the finite distribution of nuclear magnetization, the Bohr-Weisskopf effect. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Galvan, A. Perez; Zhao, Y.; Orozco, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Galvan, AP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 012502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.012502 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300106 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, EA Eisaman, MD Fan, J Polyakov, SV Migdall, A AF Goldschmidt, E. A. Eisaman, M. D. Fan, J. Polyakov, S. V. Migdall, A. TI Spectrally bright and broad fiber-based heralded single-photon source SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TURNSTILE DEVICE; NARROW-BAND; GENERATION; STATE; WAVELENGTH; RETRIEVAL; MOLECULE; DEMAND; CAVITY; LIGHT AB We present an experimental characterization of a heralded single-photon source based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in a single-mode microstructure fiber. We measure the second-order correlation function g((2))(0) to be far below the classical, Poissonian limit of 1 over a broad spectral range. With single-spatial-mode output, such a spectrally bright and broad fiber-based heralded single-photon source is suitable for a variety of quantum-information applications. C1 [Goldschmidt, E. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Goldschmidt, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jfan@nist.gov RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011; OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430; Goldschmidt, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6553-9731 NR 43 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013844 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013844 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300242 ER PT J AU Iskin, M de Melo, CARS AF Iskin, M. de Melo, C. A. R. Sa TI Quantum phases of Fermi-Fermi mixtures in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-CONDENSATION; BCS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUPERFLUIDITY; TRANSITION; CROSSOVER; EVOLUTION; GASES; STATE AB The ground-state phase diagram of Fermi-Fermi mixtures in optical lattices is analyzed as a function of interaction strength, population imbalance, filling fraction, and tunneling parameters. It is shown that population imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures reduce to strongly interacting Bose-Fermi mixtures in the molecular limit, in sharp contrast to homogeneous or harmonically trapped systems, where the resulting Bose-Fermi mixture is weakly interacting. Furthermore, insulating phases are found in optical lattices of Fermi-Fermi mixtures in addition to the standard phase-separated or coexisting superfluid-excess-fermion phases found in homogeneous systems. The insulating states can be a molecular Bose-Mott insulator (BMI), a Fermi-Pauli insulator (FPI), a phase-separated BMI-FPI mixture, or a Bose-Fermi checkerboard. C1 [Iskin, M.; de Melo, C. A. R. Sa] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iskin, M.; de Melo, C. A. R. Sa] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [de Melo, C. A. R. Sa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Iskin, M (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013607 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300163 ER PT J AU Iskin, M Williams, CJ AF Iskin, M. Williams, C. J. TI Population-imbalanced fermions in harmonically trapped optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUPERFLUIDITY AB The attractive Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian is solved via the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism to analyze the ground state phases of population imbalanced fermion mixtures in harmonically trapped two-dimensional optical lattices. In the low density limit the superfluid order parameter modulates in the radial direction towards the trap edges to accommodate the unpaired fermions that are pushed away from the trap center with a single peak in their density. However, in the high density limit while the order parameter modulates in the radial direction towards the trap center for low imbalance, it also modulates towards the trap edges with increasing imbalance until the superfluid to normal phase transition occurs beyond a critical imbalance. This leads to a single peak in the density of unpaired fermions for low and high imbalance, but leads to double peaks for intermediate imbalance. C1 [Iskin, M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iskin, M (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 011603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.011603 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300019 ER PT J AU Meyer, ER Bohn, JL AF Meyer, Edmund R. Bohn, John L. TI Prospects for an electron electric-dipole moment search in metastable ThO and ThF(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES; ATOMS; ENHANCEMENT AB The observation of an electron electric-dipole moment (EEDM) would have major ramifications for the standard model of physics. Polar molecules offer a near-ideal laboratory for such searches due to the large effective electric field (F(eff)), on order of tens of GV/cm that can be easily oriented in the laboratory frame. We present an improved method for simply and accurately determining F(eff), in a heavy polar molecule, allowing for a quick determination of candidates for an EEDM experiment. We apply this method to ThO and ThF(+), both of which possess metastable (3)Delta electronic states. The values of F(eff) in ThO and ThF(+) are estimated to be 104 GV/cm and 90 GV/cm, respectively, making them two of the best known candidates for the EEDM search. C1 [Meyer, Edmund R.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Meyer, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM meyere@murphy.colorado.edu NR 25 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 010502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.010502 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300011 ER PT J AU Ryan, CA Negrevergne, C Laforest, M Knill, E Laflamme, R AF Ryan, C. A. Negrevergne, C. Laforest, M. Knill, E. Laflamme, R. TI Liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance as a testbed for developing quantum control methods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; SPIN DYNAMICS; NMR; COMPUTATION; COMPUTERS; ALGORITHM; PULSES; ELECTRON; DESIGN AB In building a quantum-information processor (QIP), the challenge is to coherently control a large quantum system well enough to perform an arbitrary quantum algorithm and to be able to correct errors induced by decoherence. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) QIPs offer an excellent testbed on which to develop and benchmark tools and techniques to control quantum systems. Two main issues to consider when designing control methods are accuracy and efficiency, for which two complementary approaches have been developed so far to control qubit registers with liquid-state NMR methods. The first applies optimal control theory to numerically optimize the control fields to implement unitary operations on low-dimensional systems with high fidelity. The second technique is based on the efficient optimization of a sequence of imperfect control elements so that implementation of a full quantum algorithm is possible while minimizing error accumulation. This paper summarizes our work in implementing both of these methods. Furthermore, we show that taken together, they form a basis to design quantum control methods for a block-architecture QIP so that large system size is not a barrier to implementing optimal control techniques. C1 [Ryan, C. A.; Negrevergne, C.; Laforest, M.; Laflamme, R.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Ryan, C. A.; Negrevergne, C.; Laforest, M.; Laflamme, R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Knill, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Laflamme, R.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2J 2W9, Canada. RP Ryan, CA (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. NR 51 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 012328 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.012328 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300073 ER PT J AU Thomann, I Gregonis, E Liu, X Trebino, R Sandhu, AS Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Thomann, Isabell Gregonis, Emily Liu, Xuan Trebino, Rick Sandhu, Arvinder S. Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. TI Temporal characterization of attosecond wave forms in the sub-optical-cycle regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; PULSES AB We present a temporal characterization of sub-optical-cycle extreme ultraviolet radiation generated in a hollow-core waveguide. This generation scheme permits the use of relatively long 13-fs driving laser pulses to generate sub-optical-cycle bursts of high-order harmonic light. Using two-color cross-correlation and phase retrieval techniques, we extract the extreme ultraviolet wave form and show that it consists of chirped 470-as bursts, spaced by similar to 1.3 fs, within a 1.4-fs intensity envelope. The radiation is spectrally narrow and energy tunable, making it a useful tool to investigate state-selective molecular and materials dynamics. C1 [Thomann, Isabell; Gregonis, Emily; Sandhu, Arvinder S.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thomann, Isabell; Gregonis, Emily; Sandhu, Arvinder S.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liu, Xuan; Trebino, Rick] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Thomann, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Isabell.Thomann@Colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Thomann, Isabell/F-1245-2014; OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Thomann, Isabell/0000-0002-4722-5632; Wolin, Emily/0000-0003-1610-1191 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 011806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.011806 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300028 ER PT J AU Zirbel, JJ Ni, KK Ospelkaus, S Nicholson, TL Olsen, ML Julienne, PS Wieman, CE Ye, J Jin, DS AF Zirbel, J. J. Ni, K. -K. Ospelkaus, S. Nicholson, T. L. Olsen, M. L. Julienne, P. S. Wieman, C. E. Ye, J. Jin, D. S. TI Heteronuclear molecules in an optical dipole trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; RESONANCES; COLLISIONS; GAS AB We report on the creation and characterization of heteronuclear (40)K(87)Rb Feshbach molecules in an optical dipole trap. Starting from an ultracold gas mixture of (40)K and (87)Rb atoms, we create as many as 25 000 molecules at 300 nK by rf association. Optimizing the association process, we achieve a conversion efficiency of 25%. We measure the temperature dependence of the rf association process and find good agreement with a phenomenological model that has previously been applied to Feshbach molecule creation by slow magnetic-field sweeps. We also present a measurement of the binding energy of the heteronuclear molecules in the vicinity of the Feshbach resonance and provide evidence for Feshbach molecules as deeply bound as 26 MHz. C1 [Zirbel, J. J.; Ni, K. -K.; Ospelkaus, S.; Nicholson, T. L.; Olsen, M. L.; Wieman, C. E.; Ye, J.; Jin, D. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zirbel, J. J.; Ni, K. -K.; Ospelkaus, S.; Nicholson, T. L.; Olsen, M. L.; Wieman, C. E.; Ye, J.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zirbel, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM zirbel@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012; OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; Nicholson, Travis/0000-0002-0503-7991 NR 36 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013416 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300153 ER PT J AU Diallo, SO Pearce, JV Azuah, RT Taylor, JW Glyde, HR AF Diallo, S. O. Pearce, J. V. Azuah, R. T. Taylor, J. W. Glyde, H. R. TI Bose-Einstein coherence in two-dimensional superfluid (4)He SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; CONDENSATE FRACTION; FREE-SURFACE; LIQUID-HELIUM; DENSITY; FILMS; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS AB We present neutron-scattering measurements of the atomic momentum distribution and its Fourier transform, the one-body density matrix (OBDM), in liquid (4)He films adsorbed in nanoporous MCM-41. The measurements were performed at liquid (4)He temperatures T=0.3 K and T=2.3 K and saturated vapor pressure (SVP) as a function of filling of the MCM-41. The chief goal is to determine whether the OBDM of nearly two-dimensional (2D) helium films has a tail at low temperatures and to measure the height of the tail. It is also to investigate the 2D-3D crossover and whether the height of the tail is larger in 2D than in 3D as predicted. We are able to determine the tail height at short distances only. In the thinnest films investigated (approximately half of a liquid (4)He monolayer), we find clear evidence of a tail at T=0.3 K of height n(0)=(9.34 +/- 3.84)% that is not there at T=2.3 K. The tail height, denoted as n(0), decreases with filling to n(0)=(2.45 +/- 2.54)% near full pore filling (nearly 3D). The tail height is larger in 2D than in 3D as predicted although the absolute values are smaller than predicted for bulk 2D and 3D. In 3D, n(0) is the condensate fraction. C1 [Diallo, S. O.; Pearce, J. V.; Glyde, H. R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Pearce, J. V.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Azuah, R. T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taylor, J. W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Spallat Neutron Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Diallo, SO (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM sdiallo@ameslab.gov; j.v.pearce@npl.co.uk; glyde@udel.edu RI Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 024512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024512 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YT UT WOS:000258190200112 ER PT J AU Li, SL Chi, SX Zhao, J Wen, HH Stone, MB Lynn, JW Dai, PC AF Li, Shiliang Chi, Songxue Zhao, Jun Wen, H. -H. Stone, M. B. Lynn, J. W. Dai, Pengcheng TI Impact of oxygen annealing on the heat capacity and magnetic resonance of superconducting Pr(0.88)LaCe(0.12)CuO(4-delta) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN CORRELATIONS; CRITICAL-FIELD; COPPER OXIDES; ELECTRON; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; STATE AB We use thermodynamic and neutron-scattering measurements to study the effect of oxygen annealing on the superconductivity and magnetism in Pr(0.88)LaCe(0.12)CuO(4-delta). Although the transition temperature T(c) measured by susceptibility and superconducting coherence length increases smoothly with gradual oxygen removal from the annealing process, bulk superconductivity, marked by a specific-heat anomaly at T(c) and the presence of a neutron magnetic resonance, only appears abruptly when T(c) is close to the largest value. These results suggest that the effect of oxygen annealing must first be determined in order to establish a Ce doping dependence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity phase diagram for electron-doped copper oxides. C1 [Li, Shiliang; Chi, Songxue; Zhao, Jun; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wen, H. -H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Superconduct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Wen, H. -H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Stone, M. B.; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 014520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.014520 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YR UT WOS:000258190000115 ER PT J AU McQueen, TM Regulacio, M Williams, AJ Huang, Q Lynn, JW Hor, YS West, DV Green, MA Cava, RJ AF McQueen, T. M. Regulacio, M. Williams, A. J. Huang, Q. Lynn, J. W. Hor, Y. S. West, D. V. Green, M. A. Cava, R. J. TI Intrinsic properties of stoichiometric LaFePO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; ZRCUSIAS TYPE-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC ORDER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; EARTH; METAL; PHOSPHIDES; LAOFEP AB DC and ac magnetization, resistivity, specific-heat, and neutron-diffraction data reveal that stoichiometric LaFePO is metallic and non-superconducting above T=0.35 K, with gamma=12.5 mJ/mol K-2. Neutron-diffraction data at room temperature and T=10 K are well described by the stoichiometric, tetragonal ZrCuSiAs structure, and show no signs of structural distortions or long-range magnetic ordering to an estimated detectability limit of 0.07 mu(B)/Fe. We propose a model based on the shape of the iron-pnictide tetrahedron that explains the differences between LaFePO and LaFeAsO, the parent compound of the recently discovered high-Tc oxyarsenides, which, in contrast, shows both structural and spin-density wave transitions. C1 [McQueen, T. M.; Regulacio, M.; Williams, A. J.; Hor, Y. S.; West, D. V.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.; Green, M. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McQueen, TM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 43 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 024521 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024521 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YT UT WOS:000258190200121 ER PT J AU Shaw, JM Russek, SE Thomson, T Donahue, MJ Terris, BD Hellwig, O Dobisz, E Schneider, ML AF Shaw, Justin M. Russek, Stephen E. Thomson, Thomas Donahue, Michael J. Terris, Bruce D. Hellwig, Olav Dobisz, Elizabeth Schneider, Michael L. TI Reversal mechanisms in perpendicularly magnetized nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RECORDING PROPERTIES; CO/PD ISLANDS; IRRADIATION; ANISOTROPY; MEDIA AB We demonstrate that magnetic reversal in perpendicularly magnetized nanostructures is highly dependent on the nature and condition of the edges. To understand the impact of edge damage, we compare nanostructures created by ion milling to those prepared on prepatterned substrates. The size- and temperature-dependent reversal properties of 25 nm-1 mu m diameter nanodots show that reversal in prepatterned nanostructures is controlled by nucleation within the interior, whereas ion milling results in an edge nucleation process with an unpredicted temperature dependence of the reversal field. C1 [Shaw, Justin M.; Russek, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thomson, Thomas] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Thomson, Thomas; Terris, Bruce D.; Hellwig, Olav; Dobisz, Elizabeth] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. [Donahue, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schneider, Michael L.] Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521 NR 25 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 024414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024414 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YT UT WOS:000258190200073 ER PT J AU Geraci, AA Smullin, SJ Weld, DM Chiaverini, J Kapitulnik, A AF Geraci, Andrew A. Smullin, Sylvia J. Weld, David M. Chiaverini, John Kapitulnik, Aharon TI Improved constraints on non-Newtonian forces at 10 microns SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CASIMIR FORCE; RANGE FORCES; MILLIMETER; DIMENSIONS; INTERFEROMETER; MICROSCOPY AB Several recent theories suggest that light moduli or particles in "large" extra dimensions could mediate macroscopic forces exceeding gravitational strength at length scales below a millimeter. Such new forces can be parameterized as a Yukawa-type correction to the Newtonian potential of strength alpha relative to gravity and range lambda. To extend the search for such new physics we have improved our apparatus utilizing cryogenic micro-cantilevers capable of measuring attonewton forces, which now includes a switchable magnetic force for calibration. Our most recent experimental constraints on Yukawa-type deviations from Newtonian gravity are more than 3 times as stringent as our previously published results and represent the best bound in the range of 5-15 mu m, with a 95% confidence exclusion of forces with |alpha|> 14,000 at lambda=10 mu m. C1 [Geraci, Andrew A.; Smullin, Sylvia J.; Weld, David M.; Chiaverini, John; Kapitulnik, Aharon] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kapitulnik, Aharon] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kapitulnik, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM aageraci@nist.gov FU [NSF-PHY0554170.] FX We acknowledge many helpful discussions with Dan Rugar and Susan Holmes and thank Savas Dimopoulos for providing much of the motivation for this work. We thank the Bruce Clemens group for assistance with the Co/ Pt depositions. This work is supported by Grant No. NSF-PHY0554170. NR 24 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 022002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.022002 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 340HM UT WOS:000258636700005 ER PT J AU Nagao, M Seto, H AF Nagao, Michihiro Seto, Hideki TI Concentration dependence of shape and structure fluctuations of droplet microemulsions investigated by neutron spin echo spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING BROWNIAN PARTICLES; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; HARD-SPHERE DISPERSIONS; IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; 3-COMPONENT MICROEMULSION; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; BENDING ELASTICITY; TERNARY MICROEMULSION; DENSE; SPECTROMETER AB We describe dynamic modes that originate from shape and structure fluctuations in a droplet microemulsion system. The modes are decoupled by a contrast variation neutron scattering technique using the relative intermediate form factor method. The strategy of the method is analogous to the relative form factor method, which decouples the form and structure factors from the small-angle neutron scattering intensity [M. Nagao , Phys. Rev. E 75, 061401 (2007)]. First, we will briefly explain theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding neutron spin echo (NSE) data from droplet microemulsion systems. Then we will introduce the relative intermediate form factor method, which decouples shape and structure fluctuations. The concentration dependence of the droplet dynamics in a microemulsion system is used to elucidate the strengths of this method. The intermediate form and structure factors are successfully decoupled from an observed intermediate scattering function by NSE. The decay rate of the shape fluctuation modes linearly decreases, while the fluctuation amplitude increases as the droplet concentration increases. The first cumulant of the obtained intermediate structure factor shows a clear de Gennes narrowing behavior at a length scale corresponding to the interdroplet distance. However, in the high-momentum-transfer and longer-time regions, the first cumulant deviates from the intermediate structure factor. This result suggests the existence of other dynamic modes of structure fluctuations rather than the center-of-mass diffusion mode. C1 [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Seto, Hideki] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Nagao, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mnagao@indiana.edu OI Seto, Hideki/0000-0002-1658-3576 NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 011507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.011507 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 333UR UT WOS:000258178600055 PM 18763961 ER PT J AU McKagan, SB Perkins, KK Wieman, CE AF McKagan, S. B. Perkins, K. K. Wieman, C. E. TI Deeper look at student learning of quantum mechanics: The case of tunneling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSION; MOTION AB We report on a large-scale study of student learning of quantum tunneling in four traditional and four transformed modern physics courses. In the transformed courses, which were designed to address student difficulties found in previous research, students still struggle with many of the same issues found in other courses. However, the reasons for these difficulties are more subtle, and many new issues are brought to the surface. By explicitly addressing how to build models of wave functions and energy and how to relate these models to real physical systems, we have opened up a floodgate of deep and difficult questions as students struggle to make sense of these models. We conclude that the difficulties found in previous research are the tip of the iceberg, and the real issue at the heart of student difficulties in learning quantum tunneling is the struggle to build the complex models that are implicit in experts' understanding but often not explicitly addressed in instruction. C1 [McKagan, S. B.; Wieman, C. E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKagan, S. B.; Wieman, C. E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, K. K.; Wieman, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wieman, C. E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP McKagan, SB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF; Kavli Institute; Hewlett Foundation; University of Colorado FX We thank Chris Malley, the software engineer for the Quantum Tunneling and Wave Packets simulation, as well as Mike Dubson and Sam Reid for help with the physics and numerical methods involved in the simulation. We thank Michael Wittmann for convincing us to write this paper and Travis Norsen, Mike Dubson, and Chandra Turpen for useful discussions and feedback. We also thank the PhET team and the Physics Education Research Group at the University of Colorado. This work was supported by the NSF, The Kavli Institute, The Hewlett Foundation, and the University of Colorado. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1554-9178 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-PH JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Phys. Educ. R. PD JUL-DEC PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 AR 020103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.4.020103 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA 370WT UT WOS:000260794500005 ER PT J AU Park, HS Maddox, BR Giraldez, E Hatchett, SP Hudson, LT Izumi, N Key, MH Le Pape, S MacKinnon, AJ MacPhee, AG Patel, PK Phillips, TW Remington, BA Seely, JF Tommasini, R Town, R Workman, J Brambrink, E AF Park, H. -S. Maddox, B. R. Giraldez, E. Hatchett, S. P. Hudson, L. T. Izumi, N. Key, M. H. Le Pape, S. MacKinnon, A. J. MacPhee, A. G. Patel, P. K. Phillips, T. W. Remington, B. A. Seely, J. F. Tommasini, R. Town, R. Workman, J. Brambrink, E. TI High-resolution 17-75 keV backlighters for high energy density experiments SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER-SOLID INTERACTIONS; X-RAY SOURCE; EXTREME CONDITIONS; STRAIN-RATE; PRESSURE AB 17-75 keV one- and two-dimensional high-resolution (< 10 mu m) radiography has been developed using high-intensity short pulse lasers. High energy K alpha sources are created by fluorescence from hot electrons interacting in the target material after irradiation by lasers with intensity I-L > 10(17) W/cm(2). High-resolution point projection one- and two-dimensional radiography has been achieved using microfoil and microwire targets attached to low-Z substrate materials. The microwire size was 10 mu mx10 mu mx300 mu m on a 300 mu mx300 mu mx5 mu m polystyrene substrate. The radiography experiments were performed using the Titan laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The results show that the resolution is dominated by the microwire target size and there is very little degradation from the plasma plume, implying that the high-energy x-ray photons are generated mostly within the microwire volume. There are enough K alpha photons created with a 300 J, 1-omega, 40 ps pulse laser from these small volume targets, and that the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high, for single shot radiography experiments. This unique technique will be used on future high energy density experiments at many new high-power laser facilities. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Park, H. -S.; Maddox, B. R.; Hatchett, S. P.; Izumi, N.; Key, M. H.; Le Pape, S.; MacKinnon, A. J.; MacPhee, A. G.; Patel, P. K.; Phillips, T. W.; Remington, B. A.; Tommasini, R.; Town, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Giraldez, E.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Workman, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brambrink, E.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 31 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2008 VL 15 IS 7 AR 072705 DI 10.1063/1.2957918 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 333TR UT WOS:000258175800048 ER PT J AU Na, MK Schinazi, RF Kelly, M Stone, R Hamann, MT AF Na, M. K. Schinazi, R. F. Kelly, M. Stone, R. Hamann, M. T. TI Anti-infective pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids from a deep-water Alaskan sponge of the genus Latrunculia SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Joint Meeting of the Association-Francophone-pour-l'Enselgnement-et-la-Recherche-en-Pharmacog nosie/American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy/Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Rese arch/Phytochem-Society-of-Europe/Societa-Italiana-di-Fitochimica CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE SP Assoc Francophone Enseignement Rech Pharmacognosie, Amer Soc Pharmacognosy, Soc Medicinal Plant Res, Phytochem Soc Europe, Soc Italiana Fitochim ID DISCORHABDIN-C; CYTOTOXIC PIGMENT C1 [Na, M. K.] Yeungnam Univ, Coll Pharm, Kyongsan 712749, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Schinazi, R. F.] Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, VA Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Kelly, M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Natl Ctr Aquat Biodivers & Biosecur, Auckland, New Zealand. [Stone, R.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hamann, M. T.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1037 EP 1037 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 334ZY UT WOS:000258261800536 ER PT J AU Shillinger, GL Palacios, DM Bailey, H Bograd, SJ Swithenbank, AM Gaspar, P Wallace, BP Spotila, JR Paladino, FV Piedra, R Eckert, SA Block, BA AF Shillinger, George L. Palacios, Daniel M. Bailey, Helen Bograd, Steven J. Swithenbank, Alan M. Gaspar, Philippe Wallace, Bryan P. Spotila, James R. Paladino, Frank V. Piedra, Rotney Eckert, Scott A. Block, Barbara A. TI Persistent leatherback turtle migrations present opportunities for conservation SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POST-NESTING MIGRATIONS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; SATELLITE TRACKING; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MOVEMENT; GALAPAGOS; BEHAVIOR AB Effective transboundary conservation of highly migratory marine animals requires international management cooperation as well as clear scientific information about habitat use by these species. Populations of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the eastern Pacific have declined by >90% during the past two decades, primarily due to unsustainable egg harvest and fisheries bycatch mortality. While research and conservation efforts on nesting beaches are ongoing, relatively little is known about this population of leatherbacks' oceanic habitat use and migration pathways. We present the largest multi-year (2004-2005, 2005-2006, and 2007) satellite tracking dataset (12,095 cumulative satellite tracking days) collected for leatherback turtles. Forty-six females were electronically tagged during three field seasons at Playa Grande, Costa Rica, the largest extant nesting colony in the eastern Pacific. After completing nesting, the turtles headed southward, traversing the dynamic equatorial currents with rapid, directed movements. In contrast to the highly varied dispersal patterns seen in many other sea turtle populations, leatherbacks from Playa Grande traveled within a persistent migration corridor from Costa Rica, past the equator, and into the South Pacific Gyre, a vast, low-energy, low-productivity region. We describe the predictable effects of ocean currents on a leatherback migration corridor and characterize long-distance movements by the turtles in the eastern South Pacific. These data from high seas habitats will also elucidate potential areas for mitigating fisheries bycatch interactions. These findings directly inform existing multinational conservation frameworks and provide immediate regions in the migration corridor where conservation can be implemented. We identify high seas locations for focusing future conservation efforts within the leatherback dispersal zone in the South Pacific Gyre. C1 [Shillinger, George L.; Swithenbank, Alan M.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Palacios, Daniel M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Palacios, Daniel M.; Bailey, Helen; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Gaspar, Philippe] Collecte Localisat Satelli, Direct Oceanog Spatiale, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Arlington, VA USA. [Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Piedra, Rotney] Minist Ambiente & Energia, Parque Nacl Marino Las Baulas, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Eckert, Scott A.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservat Network, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Block, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM bblock@stanford.edu RI Palacios, Daniel/B-9180-2008; Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010; Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012 OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913; Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687 NR 52 TC 102 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 79 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1408 EP 1416 AR e171 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060171 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 330VO UT WOS:000257971100013 PM 18630987 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Lewin, M Pearce, E Zammarano, M Gilman, JW AF Zhang, Jin Lewin, Menachem Pearce, Eli Zammarano, Mauro Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Flame retarding polyamide 6 with melamine cyanurate and layered silicates SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE polyamide; clay; flame retardancy; flammability; melamine cyanurate; cone calorimeter; UL-94; oxygen index ID NANOCOMPOSITES; RETARDANCY; SYSTEM AB The flammability behavior of the system polyamide 6 (PA 6) + melamine cyanurate (MC) with or without organically modified layered montmorillonite (OMMT) or sodium montmorillonite (Na(+)MMT) was studied. The high degree of flame retardancy (FR) obtained with 13 wt% MC is maintained upon adding up to 0.2 wt% OMMT or Na(+)MMT. Increase mass % of OMMT is antagonistic to the MC effect. The rate of dripping decreases while the size and mass of drops in the UL-94 tests increases with increasing wt% OMMT indicating increase in viscosity of the melt and decrease in the rate of sublimation of melamine. Addition of poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) decreases the viscosity and partially restores the FR rating. Na(+)MMT does not increase the viscosity and the FR ratings are partially preserved. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) in the cone calorimeter decreases with increased loading of OMMT. Addition of Na(+)MMT or PVP has little influence on the PHRR. The time of ignition decreases with increase in OMMT, but is not affected when N(a)+MMT is used. This is explained by the low thermal conductivity of the clay containing surface layer of samples during pyrolysis and combustion. Mechanistic considerations are presented. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Jin; Lewin, Menachem; Pearce, Eli] Polytech Univ, Polymer Res Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lewin, M (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Polymer Res Inst, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM mlewin@duke.poly.edu OI Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 19 IS 7 BP 928 EP 936 DI 10.1002/pat.1063 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 332PY UT WOS:000258096800032 ER PT J AU Chao, KL Lim, K Lehmann, C Doseeva, V Howard, AJ Schwarz, FP Herzberg, O AF Chao, Kinlin L. Lim, Kap Lehmann, Christopher Doseeva, Victoria Howard, Andrew J. Schwarz, Fredrick P. Herzberg, Osnat TI The Escherichia coli YdcF binds S-adenosyl-L-methionine and adopts an alpha/beta-fold characteristic of nucleotide-utilizing enzymes SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE E. coli YdcF; S-adenosyl-L-methionine; alpha/beta-fold; X-ray crystallography; structural genomics ID OXYGEN AVAILABILITY; PROTEIN; GENE; DATABASE C1 [Chao, Kinlin L.; Lim, Kap; Lehmann, Christopher; Doseeva, Victoria; Herzberg, Osnat] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, WM Keck Lab Struct Biol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Howard, Andrew J.] IIT, Biol Chem & Phys Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Schwarz, Fredrick P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, WM Keck Lab Struct Biol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM osnat@binal.net FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM57890] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 506 EP 509 DI 10.1002/prot.22046 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 311OP UT WOS:000256609800044 PM 18393394 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Donner, LJ Phillips, VTJ Ming, Y AF Lee, Seoung Soo Donner, Leo J. Phillips, Vaughan T. J. Ming, Yi TI Examination of aerosol effects on precipitation in deep convective clouds during the 1997 ARM summer experiment SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE microphysics; cloud condensation nuclei; mesoscale cloud ensemble ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; RESOLVING MODEL; ICE-NUCLEATION; PART I; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MICROPHYSICS; PARAMETERIZATION AB It has been generally accepted that increasing aerosols suppress precipitation. The aerosol-induced precipitation suppression was suggested by the study of shallow stratiform clouds. Recent studies of convective clouds showed increasing aerosols could increase precipitation. Those studies showed that intense feedbacks between aerosols and cloud dynamics led to increased precipitation in some cases of convective clouds. This study expanded those studies by analyzing detailed microphysical and dynamical modifications by aerosols leading to increased precipitation. This study focused on three observed cases of mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) driven by deep convective clouds, since MCE accounts for a large proportion of the Earth's precipitation and the study of aerosol effects on MCE is at its incipient stage. Those MCEs were observed during the 1997 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) summer experiment. Two numerical experiments were performed for each of the MCEs to simulate aerosol effects on deep convection. The first was with high aerosol number concentration, and the second was with low concentration. The results showed an increased precipitation at high aerosol, due to stronger, more numerous updraughts, initiated by stronger convergence lines at the surface in convective regions of the MCE. The stronger convergence lines were triggered by increased evaporation of cloud liquid in the high-aerosol case, made possible by higher values of cloud liquid necessary for autoconversion. The generality of these results requires further investigation. However, they demonstrate that the response of precipitation to increased aerosols in deep convection can be different from that in shallow cloud systems, at least for the cases studied here. Copyright (c) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 [Lee, Seoung Soo; Donner, Leo J.; Phillips, Vaughan T. J.; Ming, Yi] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), 2455 Hayward St,Room 1215 SRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM seoungl@umich.edu RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ2612]; US Department of Commerce FX The authors wish to thank Dr Venkatachalam Ramaswamy for valuable discussions. Our thanks also go to Dr Paul Ginoux for the review of the manuscript and Dr Charles Seman for providing us useful post-processors. This paper was prepared under award NA17RJ2612 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the US Department of Commerce. NR 58 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 134 IS 634 BP 1201 EP 1220 DI 10.1002/qj.287 PN A PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349PK UT WOS:000259292800010 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Balanced boundary layers used in hurricane models SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; typhoon; friction layer; gradient wind balance ID TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; NUMERICAL SIMULATION; WIND STRUCTURE; PART II; DYNAMICS; VORTICES; VORTEX; CIRCULATIONS; CYCLOGENESIS; EXCHANGE AB We examine the formulation and accuracy of various approximations made in representing the boundary layer in simple axisymmetric hurricane models, especially those that assume strict gradient wind balance in the radial direction. Approximate solutions for a steady axisymmetric slab boundary-layer model are compared with a full model solution. It is shown that the approximate solutions are generally poor in the inner core region of the vortex, where the radial advection term in the radial momentum equation is important and cannot be neglected. These results affirm some prior work and have implications for a range of theoretical studies of hurricane dynamics, including theories of potential intensity, that employ balanced boundary-layer formulations. Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU US Naval Postgraduate School; NSF [ATM 0715426] FX This work was initiated while both authors were visiting the US Hurricane Research Division of NOAA/AOML. We would like to thank HRD for their hospitality and for creating a stimulating environment for pursuing hurricane research. MTM acknowledges the support of the US Naval Postgraduate School and NSF ATM 0715426. NR 35 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 134 IS 635 BP 1385 EP 1395 DI 10.1002/qj.296 PN B PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349PL UT WOS:000259292900003 ER PT J AU Barker, HW Cole, JNS Morcrette, JJ Pincus, R Raisaenen, P von Salzen, K Vaillancourt, PA AF Barker, H. W. Cole, J. N. S. Morcrette, J. -J. Pincus, R. Raeisaenen, P. von Salzen, K. Vaillancourt, P. A. TI The Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation: An assessment using several global atmospheric models SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative flux profiles; ICA ID AVERAGED SOLAR FLUXES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CLOUD OVERLAP; PARAMETERIZATION; SYSTEM; FIELDS AB The Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation (McICA) computes domain-average, broadband radiative flux profiles within conventional global climate models (GCMs). While McICA is unbiased with respect to the full ICA, it generates, as a by-product, random noise. If this by-product leads to statistically significant impacts on GCM simulations, it could limit the usefulness of McICA. This paper assesses the impact of McICA's random noise on six GCMs. To this end, the GCMs performed ensembles of 14-day long simulations for various renditions of McICA, each with differing amounts of random noise. As seen in the past, low-cloud fraction and surface temperature were affected most by noise. However, all GCM simulations using operationally viable renditions of McICA showed no statistically significant impacts, even for precipitation - a highly intermittent variable that one might expect to be sensitive to random fluctuations. Two GCMs showed statistically significant responses using an academic version of McICA that generates overly large sampling noise. Time series analyses of high-resolution (i.e. typically 2-hourly) data revealed that fluctuations associated with most variables and GCMs are immune to McICA noise. Moreover, the nature of these fluctuations can vary substantially among GCMs and most often they overwhelm any noise impacts. Overall, the results presented here corroborate a range of previous studies done on one GCM at a time: random noise produced by recommended versions of McICA has statistically insignificant effects on GCM simulations. Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society and Her Majesty in Right of Canada. C1 [Barker, H. W.] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect ARMP, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Cole, J. N. S.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Morcrette, J. -J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Pincus, R.] NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Raeisaenen, P.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [von Salzen, K.] Environm Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Vaillancourt, P. A.] Environm Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Barker, HW (reprint author), Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect ARMP, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM howard.barker@ec.gc.ca RI Raisanen, Petri/I-1954-2012; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Raisanen, Petri/0000-0003-4466-213X; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63955, DE-FG02-03ER63561]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ministry of Transport and Communications of Finland [36937/2004] FX This study was supported by grants from the US Department of Energy (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) grants DE-FG02-05ER63955 and DE-FG02-03ER63561) and the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences. P. Raisanen was funded by the Ministry of Transport and Communications of Finland (project number 36937/2004). We should also like to thank M. Lazare and B. Dugas for help with running the CCC and GEM GCMs, respectively. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 134 IS 635 BP 1463 EP 1478 DI 10.1002/qj.303 PN B PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349PL UT WOS:000259292900008 ER PT J AU Yang, XY Huang, RX Wang, J Wang, DX AF Yang XiaoYi Huang RuiXin Wang Jia Wang DongXiao TI Delayed baroclinic response of the Antarctic circumpolar current to surface wind stress SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Circumpolar Current; zonal windstress; baroclinic instability; mesoscale eddy ID HEMISPHERE CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; STRATIFICATION; VARIABILITY; CHANNEL; EDDIES; MODEL AB The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) responds to the surface windstress via two processes, i.e., the instant barotropic process and the delayed baroclinic process. This study focuses on the baroclinic instability mechanism in ACC, which was less reported in the literatures. Results show that the strengthening of surface zonal windstress causes the enhanced tilting of the isopycnal surface, leading to more intense baroclinic instability. Simultaneously, the mesoscale eddies resulting from the baroclinic instability facilitate the transformation of mean potential energy to eddy energy, which causes the remarkable decrease of the ACC volume transport with the 2-year lag time. This delayed negative correlation between the ACC transport and the zonal windstress may account for the steadiness of the ACC transport during last two decades. C1 [Yang XiaoYi; Wang DongXiao] Chinese Acad Sci, LED, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Huang RuiXin] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wang Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Wang, DX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, LED, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM dxwang@scsio.ac.cn RI WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-9313 J9 SCI CHINA SER D JI Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1036 EP 1043 DI 10.1007/s11430-008-0074-8 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 321UQ UT WOS:000257332400013 ER PT J AU Leff, JW Fierer, N AF Leff, Jonathan W. Fierer, Noah TI Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from soil and litter samples SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE volatile organic compounds; soil carbon; soil microorganisms, monoterpenes; furfural ID FOREST FLOOR; MONOTERPENES; BACTERIAL; INHIBITION; GROWTH; FLUXES; TRANSFORMATIONS; NITRIFICATION; FERMENTATION; DEHYDRATION AB The production of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by soil microbes is likely to have an important influence on soil ecology and terrestrial biogeochemistry. However, soil VOC production has received relatively little attention, and we do not know how the emissions of microbially-produced VOCs vary across soil and litter types. We collected 40 root-free soil and litter samples from a diverse array of ecosystem types and conducted laboratory incubations in order to compare the types and quantities of VOCs emitted. VOC production rates were higher in litter samples than in soil samples, and the rates were correlated with microbial biomass and CO(2) production levels. On average, the litter samples produced more types of VOCs than the soil samples with litters emitting a number of VOCs (including terpenoids) that were not generally emitted from the soil samples. Across all of the samples, we identified 100 VOCs, and more than 70% of these compounds could not be positively identified by GC/MS analyses. Of those VOCs that could be identified, furfural and similar furan compounds were noteworthy in that they were emitted in large amounts from nearly every sample examined. Other identifiable VOCs produced across a range of soil and litter samples included propanoic and butanoic acids, which are known products of microbial fermentation. Together these results suggest a need for additional research examining the specific factors influencing VOC emissions from soil and the identification of specific VOCs emitted from soil and litter as many of these compounds are likely to have important effects on belowground ecology. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Leff, Jonathan W.; Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Environm Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fierer, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Environm Biol, 216 UCB,CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM noah.fierer@colorado.edu OI Leff, Jonathan/0000-0003-3309-2709 NR 56 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 8 U2 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1629 EP 1636 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.018 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 325VI UT WOS:000257616100010 ER PT J AU Zhang, TB Provenzano, V Chen, YG Shull, RD AF Zhang, T. B. Provenzano, V. Chen, Y. G. Shull, R. D. TI Magnetic properties of a high energy ball-milled amorphous Gd5Si1.8Ge1.8Sn0.4 alloy SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amorphous; high-energy ball-mill; magnetocaloric effect; magnetic properties ID HYSTERESIS; TRANSITION AB Amorphous Gd5Si1.8Ge1.8Sn0.4 has been obtained with the help of a high-energy ball milling technique. XRD and DSC measurements confirm the amorphous nature of the milled alloy. The separation of FC and ZFC curves below the ferromagnetic transition temperature indicates a spin glass-like state in the amorphous alloy. Thermal hysteresis has been significantly reduced in the high energy ball-milled alloy compared with that of a crystalline one. For the amorphous Gd5Si1.8Ge1.8Sn0.4, magnetic phase transition takes place in a wide temperature span and the RC value reaches around 495 J kg(-1). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, T. B.; Chen, Y. G.] Sichuan Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. [Zhang, T. B.; Provenzano, V.; Shull, R. D.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, TB (reprint author), Sichuan Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 24 S Sett,1st Ring Rd, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. EM scuztb@sohu.com RI Zhang, Tiebang/F-5175-2010; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 147 IS 3-4 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2008.05.009 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 328II UT WOS:000257791300008 ER PT J AU Peden-Adams, MM Keller, JM EuDaly, JG Berger, J Gilkeson, GS Keil, DE AF Peden-Adams, Margie M. Keller, Jennifer M. EuDaly, Jackie G. Berger, Jennifer Gilkeson, Gary S. Keil, Deborah E. TI Suppression of humoral immunity in mice following exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PFOS; immunotoxicity; immune; humoral immunity; PFC assay; TNP-LPS; serum levels ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PPAR-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; PERFLUORODECANOIC ACID AB Adult male and female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) daily via gavage for 28 days (0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 5 mg/kg total administered dose [TAD]). Following exposure, various immune parameters were assessed and serum PFOS concentrations were determined. Lymphocyte proliferation was not altered in either gender. Natural killer cell activity was increased compared with control at 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg TAD in male mice but was not altered in female mice. At these treatment levels, splenic T-cell immunophenotypes were minimally altered in females, but all T-cell subpopulations were significantly modulated in males beginning at 0.1 mg/kg TAD. The sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque-forming cell (PFC) response was suppressed in male mice beginning at 0.05 mg/kg TAD and in females at 0.5 mg/kg TAD. Serum trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific IgM titers were also decreased by PFOS after TNP-LPS (TNP conjugated to lipopolysacharide) challenge suggesting that the humoral immune effects may be attributed to the B-cell rather than T-cell because both T-dependent (SRBC) and T-independent (TI) (TNP-LPS) antigens result in suppressed IgM production. Based on the PFC response, the low observed effect level (LOEL) for males was 0.05 mg/kg TAD (ED50 = 0.021 mg/kg TAD) and for females was 0.5 mg/kg TAD (ED50 = 0.59 mg/kg TAD). Measured PFOS serum concentrations at these dose levels were 91.5 +/- 22.2 ng/g and 666 +/-+/- 108 ng/g (mean +/- SD), respectively. The male LOEL serum level was approximately 14-fold lower than reported mean blood levels from occupationally exposed humans and fell in the upper range of concentrations reported for the general population. Overall, this study provides a profile of PFOS immunotoxicity showing effects at levels reported in humans and identifies the B-cells as a potential target. C1 [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] MUSC, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.; EuDaly, Jackie G.; Gilkeson, Gary S.] MUSC, Dept Med Rheumatol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.; EuDaly, Jackie G.] MUSC, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Keller, Jennifer M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Berger, Jennifer; Keil, Deborah E.] Univ Nevada, Clin Sci Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Gilkeson, Gary S.] Ralph Johnson VAMC, Med Res Serv, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. RP Peden-Adams, MM (reprint author), MUSC, Dept Pediat, 221 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pedenada@musc.edu NR 62 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn059 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 313UY UT WOS:000256766700014 PM 18359764 ER PT J AU Lahood, ES Miller, JJ Apland, C Ford, MJ AF Lahood, Eric S. Miller, Jason J. Apland, Chase Ford, Michael J. TI A rapid, ethanol-free fish tissue collection method for molecular genetic analyses SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON AB Saving valuable time in genetics research has been thoroughly addressed by the biotechnical industry in the form of ever-faster and safer DNA isolation and genotyping systems, such as solvent-free robotic DNA isolation stations, fast polymerase chain reaction (PCR) machines, and semi-automated genetic analyzers. As a result, the time bottleneck has shifted to the tissue-processing phase of many projects. We developed and tested a fish tissue collection method that reduces this bottleneck by replacing liquid preservative with chromatography paper, thus providing important time-saving advantages and greater convenience while removing hazardous material constraints from tissue handling. The results show that genomic DNA isolated from caudal-fin tissue samples collected on chromatography paper is similar in mean total yield, gel appearance, and PCR performance to DNA from tissues collected with ethanol in tubes. This collection method also reduces tissue-processing time to a small fraction of the time traditionally required. C1 [Lahood, Eric S.; Miller, Jason J.; Apland, Chase; Ford, Michael J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lahood, ES (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.lahood@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1107 DI 10.1577/T07-181.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333PD UT WOS:000258163500014 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Bauer, LJ Jeffrey, CFG AF Kendall, Matthew S. Bauer, Laurie J. Jeffrey, Christopher F. G. TI Influence of benthic features and fishing pressure on size and distribution of three exploited reef fishes from the southeastern United States SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-MARINE-SANCTUARY; SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; CORAL-REEF; NORTH-CAROLINA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; AREAS; USA AB Distribution, habitat preference, and size structure were examined for three commonly targeted bottom fishes (black sea bass Centropristis striata, gag Mycteroperca microlepis, and scamp M. phenax) in the southeastern United States. Fish communities and bottom characteristics of limestone ledges within Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary (located centrally along the southeastern continental shell) were surveyed. Black sea bass occurred at 98% of the ledges and were evenly distributed throughout the sanctuary in much-higher numbers than either gags or scamps, which were concentrated at only 11 % of the ledges. Gag or scamp presence was most strongly related to height of ledge undercut, whereas abundance of black sea bass was best explained by percent cover of sessile biota. In addition, lower abundance of black sea bass occurred in the presence of either gags or scamps, which are generally larger than black sea bass. In all three species, an abrupt decline in abundance was observed for size-classes above the size limit of the fishery. Also, modal size of gags or scamps was smaller and the percentage of fish exceeding the fishery size limit was lower in heavily fished areas than in less intensively fished areas. C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.; Bauer, Laurie J.; Jeffrey, Christopher F. G.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Team, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Team, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC 4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1146 DI 10.1577/T07-210.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333PD UT WOS:000258163500017 ER PT J AU Thedinga, JF Johnson, SW Neff, AD Lindeberg, MR AF Thedinga, John F. Johnson, Scott W. Neff, A. Darcie Lindeberg, Mandy R. TI Fish assemblages in shallow, nearshore habitats of the Bering Sea SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; NORTHERN GULF; LIFE-HISTORY; PACIFIC; COMMUNITIES; SIZE AB The Bering Sea provides over one-half of U.S. fishery production, yet knowledge of the use of its shallow (<5 m), nearshore (<20 in from shore) waters by fish is limited. In June 2005, we sampled shallow, nearshore waters of the Bering Sea at three Aleutian islands with a beach seine to estimate the relative abundance and species distribution of fish. Three habitat types were sampled: nonvegetated sand substrate, vegetated cobble substrate, and vegetated bedrock substrate. A total of 70 sites were seined on Akutan, Akun, and Unalaska islands. The total estimated catch was 83,910 fish representing 33 taxa. Five species comprised 98% of the total catch. Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus was the most abundant species; approximately 35,000 of these fish were captured, and they occurred in 60% of all seine hauls. The next most abundant fish were young-of-the-year (age-0) gadids (primarily walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma), age-0 pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorhuscha, age-0 Pacific sandfish Trichodon trichodon, and snake prickleback Lumpenus sagitta. Fish were unequally distributed among habitats. The estimated mean catch per seine haul was 1,171 fish in sand sites, 1,647 fish in cobble sites, and 79 fish in bedrock sites. Most Pacific sand lances (98%) were captured in sand sites, whereas most gadids (97%), pink salmon (80%), Pacific sandfish (96%), and snake pricklebacks (99%) were caught in cobble sites. Sand and cobble nearshore habitats in the Bering Sea provide important habitat for many fish species in summer, especially forage fish. C1 [Thedinga, John F.; Johnson, Scott W.; Neff, A. Darcie; Lindeberg, Mandy R.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Thedinga, JF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.thedinga@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1164 DI 10.1577/T07-085.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333PD UT WOS:000258163500019 ER PT J AU Heindl, R Russek, SE Silva, TJ Rippard, WH Katine, JA Carey, MJ AF Heindl, R. Russek, S. E. Silva, T. J. Rippard, W. H. Katine, J. A. Carey, M. J. TI Size dependence of intrinsic spin transfer switching current density in elliptical spin valves SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; TRANSFER TORQUE; EXCITATIONS; NANOPILLARS AB We studied current-induced magnetization reversal in elliptical spin valves with CoFeB free layers. The data obtained from high-speed pulsed switching experiments showed that the intrinsic switching current densities were size dependent and 50%-100% higher than predicted by a single-domain model. Micromagnetic simulations reveal a complex behavior of magnetization switching in which end-mode oscillations are important, and indicate that the switching current density depends on the device dimensions. Experimental values for the intrinsic switching current density agree with those predicted by micromagnetic simulations. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Heindl, R.; Russek, S. E.; Silva, T. J.; Rippard, W. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Katine, J. A.; Carey, M. J.] San Jose Res Ctr, Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP Heindl, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM heindl@nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 26 AR 262504 DI 10.1063/1.2953980 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 323DP UT WOS:000257424500045 ER PT J AU Fiechter, J Haus, BK Melo, N Mooers, CNK AF Fiechter, Jerome Haus, Brian K. Melo, Nelson Mooers, Christopher N. K. TI Physical processes impacting passive particle dispersal in the Upper Florida Keys SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; Lagrangian transport; western boundary current; ocean circulation model; velocity profilers; larval dispersion ID REEF FISH METAPOPULATIONS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL-REEF; LARVAL DISPERSAL; SOUTH FLORIDA; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; SURFACE; CONNECTIVITY; VARIABILITY AB Physical processes affecting the dispersion of passive particles (e.g., coral larvae, pollutants) in the Upper Florida Keys are investigated through in situ observations (acoustic Doppler current profilers and surface drifters) and numerical ocean circulation modeling (horizontal resolution: 800 m, vertical resolution: 0.1-1 m). During the study period in August 2006 (set to coincide with an annual coral spawning event), Lagrangian trajectories in the vicinity of the reef tract indicate that alongshelf advection was mainly poleward and due to the subtidal flow of the Florida Current, while cross-shelf advection was mainly onshore and due to wind-driven currents. Tidal currents resulted in predominantly alongshelf displacements, but did not contribute significantly to net passive particle transport on a weekly timescale. Typical advection distances were of the order of 10 to 50 km for pelagic durations of 1 week, with significant variability linked to geographical location. In contrast, the direction of transport from the offshore reefs remained essentially constant (i.e., potential dispersion pathways were limited). In addition, Lagrangian trajectories and progressive vector diagrams in the vicinity of the reef tract indicate that alongshelf variations in the cross-shelf velocity gradient associated with the FC are relatively weak on an alongshore scale of ca. 50 km. For August 2006, the highest particle concentrations typically occur inshore of the reef tract, thereby suggesting that onshore transport associated with wind-driven currents contributes significantly to the local retention of passive organisms (and other tracers) in the Upper Florida Keys. Overall, the results illustrate the necessity of conducting targeted in situ observations and numerical model predictions to quantify the physical processes affecting reef-scale advection, especially in an effort to understand local retention and dispersion mechanisms for larval marine organisms. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fiechter, Jerome; Haus, Brian K.; Mooers, Christopher N. K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Melo, Nelson] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Fiechter, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM fiechter@ucsc.edu RI Melo, Nelson/A-5983-2011 OI Melo, Nelson/0000-0001-7563-5420 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 10-11 BP 1261 EP 1272 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.02.018 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 321BL UT WOS:000257279100004 ER PT J AU Hyde, KJW O'Reilly, JE Oviatt, CA AF Hyde, Kimberly J. W. O'Reilly, John E. Oviatt, Candace A. TI Evaluation and application of satellite primary production models in Massachusetts Bay SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE primary production; ocean color remote sensing; phytoplankton; SeaWiFS; Massachusetts Bay; Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM) ID OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; TEMPERATE COASTAL WATERS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; PRODUCTION PATTERNS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CHLOROPHYLL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SURFACE; VARIABILITY AB A variant of the Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM) was used to expand the spatial and temporal resolution of production estimates and better characterize the phytoplankton variability in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays. Satellite modeled production was used to supplement in situ C-14 primary production measurements, which were spatially limited to two shipboard stations in the northern portion of Massachusetts Bay that were sampled up to 17 times per year. Modifications to the model included a regional parameterization of the euphotic depth (Z(eu).) and an analysis of the maximum chlorophyll specific carbon fixation rate (P-opt(b)), which failed to reveal a correlation between P-opt(b) and temperature as suggested by previous studies. This primary production model successfully captured the seasonal and interannual variations of in situ production that were measured using the C-14 uptake method and significantly enhanced the spatial and temporal resolution of primary production measurements in Massachusetts Bay. The use of satellite data better characterized event, seasonal and interannual variability of ecosystem primary production and revealed a three-fold decrease in production from the nearshore to offshore regions. Daily production ranged from less than 0.25g C m(-2)d(-1) in the offshore regions in January to greater than 2g C m(-2)d(-1) at various times throughout the year in Cape Cod Bay and along the coastline during the summer months. The mean annual production of Massachusetts Bay for the 8-year study period was 220 g C m(-2). The lowest production was estimated in 2004 (174 g cm(-2))and the greatest in 2000(300 g C m(-2)). Comparatively, mean production in Cape Cod Bay was 289 g cm(-2) and ranged from 231 in 1998 to 358 g C m(-2) in 2000. Unlike a number of other temperate continental shelf areas where the maximum production occurs during the summer months corresponding to the greatest PAR and temperature, the highest production and largest fraction of the annual production in Massachusetts Bay accompanied the high phytoplankton biomass during the spring (April-May) and fall blooms (September-October). (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hyde, Kimberly J. W.; O'Reilly, John E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Oviatt, Candace A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02886 USA. RP Hyde, KJW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kimberly.hyde@noaa.gov; jay.oreilly@noaa.gov; coviatt@gso.uri.edu NR 68 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 10-11 BP 1340 EP 1351 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.03.017 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 321BL UT WOS:000257279100010 ER PT J AU Love, BA Resing, JA Cowen, JP Lupton, JE Fornari, DJ Shank, TM Biller, D AF Love, Brooke A. Resing, Joseph A. Cowen, James P. Lupton, John E. Fornari, Daniel J. Shank, Timothy M. Biller, Dondra TI Methane, manganese, and helium in hydrothermal plumes following volcanic eruptions on the East Pacific Rise near 9 degrees 50 ' N SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal; plume; methane isotopes ID MIDOCEAN RIDGE; SEA-FLOOR; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MAGMATIC BUDGET; VENT FLUIDS; SEAMARC-II; CARBON; EVENT; EVOLUTION; 11-DEGREES-50'N AB As part of a rapid response cruise in May 2006, we surveyed water column hydrothermal plumes and bottom conditions on the East Pacific Rise between 9 degrees 46.0'N and 9 degrees 57.6'N, where recent seafloor volcanic activity was suspected. Real-time measurements included temperature, light transmission, and salinity. Samples of the plume waters were analyzed for methane, manganese, helium concentrations, and the delta(13)C of methane. These data allow us to examine the effects of the 2005-2006 volcanic eruption(s) on plume chemistry. Methane and manganese are sensitive tracers of hydrothermal plumes, and both were present in high concentrations. Methane reached 347 nM in upper plume samples (250 m above seafloor) and exceeded 1085 nM in a near-bottom sample. Mn reached 54 nM in the upper plume and 98 nM in near-bottom samples. The concentrations of methane and Mn were higher than measurements made after a volcanic eruption in the same area in 1991, but the ratio of CH(4)/Mn, at 6.7, is slightly lower, though still well above the ratios measured in chronic plumes. High concentrations of methane in near-bottom samples were associated with areas of microbial mats and diffuse venting documented in seafloor imagery. The isotopic composition of the methane carbon shows evidence of active microbial oxidation; however, neither the fractionation factor nor the source of the eruption-associated methane can be determined with any certainty. Considerable scatter in the isotopic data is due to diverse sources for the methane as well as fractionation as methane is consumed. One sample at + 21 parts per thousand versus Peedee belemnite standard is among the most enriched methane carbon values reported in a hydrothermal plume to date. C1 [Love, Brooke A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.; Biller, Dondra] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cowen, James P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lupton, John E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fornari, Daniel J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Love, BA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 35531, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM blove@ocean.washington.edu NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN 28 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q06T01 DI 10.1029/2008GC002104 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321LZ UT WOS:000257307900002 ER PT J AU Bograd, SJ Castro, CG Di Lorenzo, E Palacios, DM Bailey, H Gilly, W Chavez, FP AF Bograd, Steven J. Castro, Carmen G. Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Palacios, Daniel M. Bailey, Helen Gilly, William Chavez, Francisco P. TI Oxygen declines and the shoaling of the hypoxic boundary in the California Current SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; PHOSPHATE; WATERS; OCEAN; CYCLE AB We use hydrographic data from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations program to explore the spatial and temporal variability of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the southern California Current System (CCS) over the period 1984-2006. Large declines in DO (up to 2.1 mu mol/kg/y) have been observed throughout the domain, with the largest relative DO declines occurring below the thermocline (mean decrease of 21% at 300 m). Linear trends were significant (p < 0.05) at the majority of stations down to 500 m. The hypoxic boundary (similar to 60 mu mol/kg) has shoaled by up to 90 m within portions of the southern CCS. The observed trends are consistent with advection of low-DO waters into the region, as well as decreased vertical oxygen transport following near-surface warming and increased stratification. Expansion of the oxygen minimum layer could lead to cascading effects on benthic and pelagic ecosystems, including habitat compression and community reorganization. C1 [Bograd, Steven J.; Palacios, Daniel M.; Bailey, Helen] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Castro, Carmen G.] Consejo Super Invest Cient, Inst Invest Marinas, E-36208 Vigo, Spain. [Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gilly, William] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Palacios, Daniel M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bograd, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM steven.bograd@noaa.gov RI Palacios, Daniel/B-9180-2008; Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Reboreda, Rosa/A-2518-2012; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012; OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913; Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363; Castro, Carmen G./0000-0001-7415-078X NR 34 TC 173 Z9 177 U1 3 U2 51 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 AR L12607 DI 10.1029/2008GL034185 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 321ML UT WOS:000257309200006 ER PT J AU Takai, K Nunoura, T Ishibashi, JI Lupton, J Suzuki, R Hamasaki, H Ueno, Y Kawagucci, S Gamo, T Suzuki, Y Hirayama, H Horikoshi, K AF Takai, Ken Nunoura, Takuro Ishibashi, Jun-Ichiro Lupton, John Suzuki, Ryohei Hamasaki, Hiroshi Ueno, Yuichiro Kawagucci, Shinsuke Gamo, Toshitaka Suzuki, Yohey Hirayama, Hisako Horikoshi, Koki TI Variability in the microbial communities and hydrothermal fluid chemistry at the newly discovered Mariner hydrothermal field, southern Lau Basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MID-OKINAWA TROUGH; EAST PACIFIC RISE; BLACK SMOKER CHIMNEY; MAIN ENDEAVOR FIELD; BACK-ARC BASIN; SP-NOV.; EPSILON-PROTEOBACTERIA; VENT CHIMNEY; GEN.-NOV. AB A newly discovered hydrothermal field called the Mariner field on the Valu Fa Ridge in the southern Lau Basin was explored and characterized with geochemical and microbiological analyses. The hydrothermal fluid discharging from the most vigorous vent (Snow Chimney, maximum discharge temperature 365 degrees C) was boiling at the seafloor at a depth of 1908 m, and two distinct end-member hydrothermal fluids were identified. The fluid chemistry of the typical Cl-enriched and Cl-depleted hydrothermal fluids was analyzed, as was the mineralogy of the host chimney structures. The variability in the fluid chemistry was potentially controlled by the subseafloor phase-separation (vapor loss process) and the microbial community activities. Microbial community structures in three chimney structures were investigated using culture-dependent and independent techniques. The small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene clone analysis revealed that both bacterial and archaeal rRNA gene communities on the chimney surfaces differed among three chimneys. Cultivation analysis demonstrated significant variation in the culturability of various microbial components among the chimneys, particularly of thermophilic H-2-oxidizing (and S-oxidizing) chemolithoautotrophs such as the genera Aquifex and Persephonella. The physical and chemical environments of chimney surface habitats are still unresolved and do not directly extrapolate the environments of possible subseafloor habitats. However, the variability in microbial community found in the chimneys also provides an insight into the different biogeochemical interactions potentially affected by the phase separation of the hydrothermal fluids in the subseafloor hydrothermal habitats. In addition, comparison with other deep-sea hydrothermal systems revealed that the Mariner field microbial communities have unusual characteristics. C1 [Takai, Ken; Nunoura, Takuro; Hirayama, Hisako; Horikoshi, Koki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Subground Animalcule Retrieval SUGAR Program, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Ishibashi, Jun-Ichiro; Suzuki, Ryohei; Hamasaki, Hiroshi] Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Lupton, John] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ueno, Yuichiro] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Global Edge Inst, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawagucci, Shinsuke; Gamo, Toshitaka] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Dept Chem Oceanog, Nakano Ku, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. [Suzuki, Yohey] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Deep Geol Environm, Expt Geosci Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. RP Takai, K (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Subground Animalcule Retrieval SUGAR Program, 2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM kent@jamstec.go.jp RI Yamaichi, Takeshi/A-5595-2010; Kawagucci, Shinsuke/H-4192-2013; kawagucci, shinsuke/H-6047-2013; Ueno, Yuichiro/A-9959-2014; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 OI Ueno, Yuichiro/0000-0002-9095-4742; NR 82 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 28 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G2 AR G02031 DI 10.1029/2007JG000636 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 321NE UT WOS:000257311500001 ER PT J AU Emery, BA Coumans, V Evans, DS Germany, GA Greer, MS Holeman, E Kadinsky-Cade, K Rich, FJ Xu, WB AF Emery, Barbara A. Coumans, Valerie Evans, David S. Germany, Glynn A. Greer, M. Sue Holeman, Ernest Kadinsky-Cade, Katharine Rich, Frederick J. Xu, Weibin TI Seasonal, Kp, solar wind, and solar flux variations in long-term singlepass satellite estimates of electron and ion auroral hemispheric power SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; STATISTICAL-MODEL; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; IMAGE SPACECRAFT; PROTON AURORA; DISCRETE; FUV; PATTERNS; THERMOSPHERE AB Electron auroral energy flux is characterized by electron hemispheric power (Hpe) estimated since 1978 from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites after the estimates were corrected for instrumental problems and adjusted to a common baseline. Similarly, intersatellite adjusted ion hemispheric power (Hpi) estimates come from one MetOp and four NOAA satellites beginning in 1998. The hemispheric power (Hp) estimates are very crude, coming from single satellite passes referenced to 10 global activity levels, where the Hpi estimates are the difference between the total and the electron Hp (Hpi = Hpt-Hpe). However, hourly averaged NOAA/DMSP Hpe and Hpi estimates correlate well with hourly Polar Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) Hpt and Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) far ultraviolet (FUV) Hpe and Hpi estimates. Hpe winter values were larger than summer values similar to 65% of the time (when geomagnetic activity was moderate or higher), and Hpe were larger in the summer similar to 35% of the time (typically for low geomagnetic activity). Hpe was similar to 40% larger at winter solstice than summer solstice for the largest Hp from mostly nightside increases, and Hpe was similar to 35% larger in summer than winter for the smallest Hp owing to dayside auroral enhancements. Ion precipitation differed from electron precipitation because it was almost always larger in summer than winter. Hpe and Hpi increased with Kp, solar wind speed (Vsw), and negative Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) B-z, similar to previous studies. Hpi also increased strongly with positive Bz. For quiet conditions, Hpe increased with increasing 10.7-cm solar flux (Sa), while Hpi increased with Sa up to Sa similar to 115 for all conditions. C1 [Emery, Barbara A.; Xu, Weibin] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Coumans, Valerie] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Evans, David S.; Greer, M. Sue] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Germany, Glynn A.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Holeman, Ernest] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Kadinsky-Cade, Katharine; Rich, Frederick J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Emery, BA (reprint author), NCAR, High Altitude Observ, 3080 Ctr Green, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM emery@ucar.edu; david.s.evans@noaa.gov; germanyg@email.uah.edu NR 56 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A6 AR A06311 DI 10.1029/2007JA012866 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321OF UT WOS:000257314900001 ER PT J AU Hess, NJ Hartman, MR Brown, CM Mamontov, E Karkamkar, A Heldebrant, DJ Daemen, LL Autrey, T AF Hess, Nancy J. Hartman, Michael R. Brown, Craig M. Mamontov, Eugene Karkamkar, Abhijeet Heldebrant, David J. Daemen, Luc L. Autrey, Tom TI Quasielastic neutron scattering of -NH3 and -BH3 rotational dynamics in orthorhombic ammonia borane SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; SOLID-STATE; NMR; BH3NH3; RELEASE; NH3BH3; PHASE AB Energy barriers for rotation of -NH3 and -BH3 in the orthorhombic phase of ammonia borane, NH3BH3, were determined using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). QENS confirms the 3-site jump model of rotational diffusion and yields barrier heights of 23.6 +/- 1.0 kJ/mol and 14.8 +/- 0.4 kJ/mol for the borane and amine groups, respectively, which are comparable to barrier heights determined by recent H-2 and N-15 NMR studies suggesting no significant isotope effect on rotational motion in the orthorhombic phase of ammonia borane. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hess, Nancy J.; Karkamkar, Abhijeet; Heldebrant, David J.; Autrey, Tom] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Hartman, Michael R.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, Craig M.; Mamontov, Eugene] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Mamontov, Eugene] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Daemen, Luc L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hess, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM nancy.hess@pnl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 27 PY 2008 VL 459 IS 1-6 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.130 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 316FE UT WOS:000256933700016 ER PT J AU Gille, J Barnett, J Arter, P Barker, M Bernath, P Boone, C Cavanaugh, C Chow, J Coffey, M Craft, J Craig, C Dials, M Dean, V Eden, T Edwards, DP Francis, G Halvorson, C Harvey, L Hepplewhite, C Khosravi, R Kinnison, D Krinsky, C Lambert, A Lee, H Lyjak, L Loh, J Mankin, W Massie, S McInerney, J Moorhouse, J Nardi, B Packman, D Randall, C Reburn, J Rudolf, W Schwartz, M Serafin, J Stone, K Torpy, B Walker, K Waterfall, A Watkins, R Whitney, J Woodard, D Young, G AF Gille, John Barnett, John Arter, Philip Barker, Marion Bernath, Peter Boone, Chris Cavanaugh, Charles Chow, Jonathan Coffey, Michael Craft, James Craig, Cheryl Dials, Michael Dean, Vincil Eden, Thomas Edwards, D. P. Francis, Gene Halvorson, Chris Harvey, Lynn Hepplewhite, Christopher Khosravi, Rashid Kinnison, Douglas Krinsky, Charles Lambert, Alyn Lee, Hyunah Lyjak, Lawrence Loh, Joanne Mankin, William Massie, Steven McInerney, Joseph Moorhouse, Joseph Nardi, Bruno Packman, Daniel Randall, Cora Reburn, Jolyon Rudolf, Wayne Schwartz, Michael Serafin, John Stone, Kenneth Torpy, Brendan Walker, Kaley Waterfall, Alison Watkins, Robert Whitney, John Woodard, Douglas Young, Gregory TI High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder: Experiment overview, recovery, and validation of initial temperature data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PRE-LAUNCH CALIBRATION; HIRDLS FLIGHT INSTRUMENT; RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; AURA; STRATOSPHERE; INVERSION; SPACE AB The High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) experiment was designed to provide global temperature and composition data on the region from the upper troposphere to the mesopause with vertical and horizontal resolution not previously available. The science objectives are the study of small-scale dynamics and transports, including stratosphere-troposphere exchange, upper troposphere/lower stratosphere chemistry, aerosol, cirrus and PSC distributions, and gravity waves. The instrument features 21 channels, low noise levels, high vertical resolution, and a mechanical cooler for long life. During launch most of the optical aperture became obscured, so that only a potion of an optical beam width at a large azimuth from the orbital plane on the side away from the Sun can see the atmosphere. Irrecoverable loss of capabilities include limitation of coverage to the region 65 degrees S-82 degrees N and inability to obtain longitudinal resolution finer than an orbital spacing. While this optical blockage also impacted radiometric performance, extensive effort has gone into developing corrections for the several effects of the obstruction, so that radiances from some of the channels can be put into retrievals for temperature. Changes were also necessary for the retrieval algorithm. The validation of the resulting temperature retrievals is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of these corrections. The random errors range from similar to 0.5 K at 20 km to similar to 1.0 at 60 km, close to those predicted. Comparisons with high-resolution radiosondes, lidars, ACE-FTS, and ECMWF analyses give a consistent picture of HIRDLS temperatures being 1-2 K warm from 200 to 10 hPa and within +/- 2 K of standards from 200 to 2 hPa (but warmer in the region of the tropical tropopause), above which HIRDLS appears to be cold. Comparisons show that both COSMIC and HIRDLS can see small vertical features down to about 2 km wavelength. While further improvements in the data are expected, these data will allow HIRDLS to provide important support toward reaching the Aura objectives. C1 [Gille, John; Craft, James; Dean, Vincil; Krinsky, Charles; Loh, Joanne; McInerney, Joseph; Torpy, Brendan; Young, Gregory] Univ Colorado, Ctr Limb Atmospher Sounding, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barker, Marion; Craft, James; Rudolf, Wayne; Serafin, John] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Barnett, John; Hepplewhite, Christopher; Moorhouse, Joseph; Watkins, Robert; Whitney, John] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Bernath, Peter] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Boone, Chris] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Cavanaugh, Charles; Coffey, Michael; Craig, Cheryl; Eden, Thomas; Edwards, D. P.; Francis, Gene; Halvorson, Chris; Khosravi, Rashid; Kinnison, Douglas; Lambert, Alyn; Mankin, William; Massie, Steven; Nardi, Bruno; Packman, Daniel] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Dials, Michael] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Harvey, Lynn; Randall, Cora] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lyjak, Lawrence] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Reburn, Jolyon] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Schwartz, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stone, Kenneth] ERT Inc, Aurora, CO 80011 USA. [Walker, Kaley] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Gille, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Limb Atmospher Sounding, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gille@ucar.edu RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 34 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16S43 DI 10.1029/2007JD008824 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 321NB UT WOS:000257311200001 ER PT J AU Pushin, DA Arif, M Huber, MG Cory, DG AF Pushin, D. A. Arif, M. Huber, M. G. Cory, D. G. TI Measurements of the vertical coherence length in neutron interferometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY INTERFEROMETER AB The study and use of macroscopic quantum coherence requires long coherence lengths. Here we describe an approach to measuring the vertical coherence length in neutron interferometry, along with improvements to the NIST interferometer that led to a measured coherence length of 790 A. The measurement is based on introducing a path separation and measuring the loss in contrast as this separation is increased. The measured coherence length is consistent with the momentum distribution of the neutron beam. Finally, we demonstrate that the loss in contrast with beam displacement in one leg of the interferometer can be recovered by introducing a corresponding displacement in the second leg. C1 [Pushin, D. A.; Cory, D. G.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huber, M. G.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Pushin, DA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mitja@mit.edu OI Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403; , Michael/0000-0002-3795-8445 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 27 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 25 AR 250404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.250404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 320JW UT WOS:000257230500004 PM 18643642 ER PT J AU Ye, J Kimble, HJ Katori, H AF Ye, Jun Kimble, H. J. Katori, Hidetoshi TI Quantum state engineering and precision metrology using state-insensitive light traps SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; SINGLE ATOMS; CAVITY; COMMUNICATION; DYNAMICS; IONS AB Precision metrology and quantum measurement often demand that matter be prepared in well-defined quantum states for both internal and external degrees of freedom. Laser- cooled neutral atoms localized in a deeply confining optical potential satisfy this requirement. With an appropriate choice of wavelength and polarization for the optical trap, two electronic states of an atom can experience the same trapping potential, permitting coherent control of electronic transitions independent of the atomic center- of- mass motion. Here, we review a number of recent experiments that use this approach to investigate precision quantum metrology for optical atomic clocks and coherent control of optical interactions of single atoms and photons within the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We also provide a brief survey of promising prospects for future work. C1 [Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kimble, H. J.] CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Katori, Hidetoshi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Katori, Hidetoshi/E-6633-2012 OI Katori, Hidetoshi/0000-0002-8500-3678 NR 63 TC 186 Z9 188 U1 5 U2 55 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 27 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5884 BP 1734 EP 1738 DI 10.1126/science.1148259 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 318VP UT WOS:000257121200027 PM 18583603 ER PT J AU Mo, KC AF Mo, Kingtse C. TI Influence of sea surface temperature on soil moisture and precipitation interactions over the southwest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; SUMMER RAINFALL; SNOW COVER; MODEL; ANOMALIES; PACIFIC; MEXICO AB This paper presents a hypothesis that soil moisture (SM) and precipitation (P) interactions over the Southwest depend on sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). On the basis of moisture transport and geography, the Southwest can be separated into two regions. The western region (32 degrees- 36 degrees N, 107.5 degrees-113 degrees W) includes Arizona and western New Mexico and the eastern region (32 degrees - 36 degrees N, 103 degrees - 107 degrees W) includes eastern New Mexico. For both regions, years from 1900 to 2004 are classified based on the winter to summer P evolution. When winter and the following summer P anomalies have an inverse relationship, SSTAs do not persist. The summer SSTAs have strong influence on P. Soil moisture does not play a major role in modulating P anomalies. For cases that wetness (dryness) occurs in both winter and the following summer, the SSTA forcing associated with the P regime tends to persist. Positive SM-P feedbacks enhance P anomalies. For eastern New Mexico, there is a linear relationship between SM anomalies in spring and P anomalies in summer when SSTAs persist. C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 26 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D12 AR D12116 DI 10.1029/2007JD009221 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 321MR UT WOS:000257309800003 ER PT J AU Terwey, WD Montgomery, MT AF Terwey, Wesley D. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Secondary eyewall formation in two idealized, full-physics modeled hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; RAPIDLY ROTATING VORTICES; SMOOTH CIRCULAR VORTICES; TROPICAL CYCLONE; SPIRAL BANDS; PART I; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; SIMULATED HURRICANE; STORM STRUCTURE AB Prevailing hypotheses for secondary eyewall formation are examined using data sets from two high-resolution mesoscale numerical model simulations of the long-time evolution of an idealized hurricane vortex in a quiescent tropical environment with constant background rotation. The modeled hurricanes each undergo a secondary eyewall cycle, casting doubt on a number of other authors' hypotheses for secondary eyewall formation due to idealizations present in the simulation formulations. A new hypothesis for secondary eyewall formation is proposed here and is shown to be supported by these high-resolution numerical simulations. The hypothesis requires the existence of a region with moderate horizontal strain deformation and a sufficient low-level radial potential vorticity gradient associated with the primary swirling flow, moist convective potential, and a wind-moisture feedback process at the air-sea interface to form the secondary eyewall. The crux of the formation process is the generation of a finite-amplitude lower-tropospheric cyclonic jet outside the primary eyewall with a jet width on the order of a local effective beta scale determined by the mean low-level radial potential vorticity gradient and the root-mean square eddy velocity. This jet is hypothesized to be generated by the anisotropic upscale cascade and axisymmetrization of convectively generated vorticity anomalies through horizontal shear turbulence and sheared vortex Rossby waves as well as by the convergence of system-scale cyclonic vorticity by the low-level radial inflow associated with the increased convection. Possible application to the problem of forecasting secondary eyewall events is briefly considered. C1 [Terwey, Wesley D.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Earth Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Terwey, Wesley D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Terwey, WD (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Earth Sci, 307 Univ Blvd,N LSCB 136, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM terwey@atmos.colostate.edu NR 73 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 26 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D12 AR D12112 DI 10.1029/2007JD008897 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 321MR UT WOS:000257309800001 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Safarov, JT Aliyev, FS Talibov, MA Shahverdiyev, AN Hassel, EP AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Safarov, J. T. Aliyev, F. Sh. Talibov, M. A. Shahverdiyev, A. N. Hassel, E. P. TI Experimental densities and derived thermodynamic properties of liquid propan-1-ol at temperatures from 298 to 423 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Review DE density equation of state; propan-1-ol; saturated density; vapor pressure; vibrating-tube densimeter ID EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; MODERATELY HIGH-PRESSURES; ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; 1-PROPANOL PLUS TOLUENE; BINARY-MIXTURES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; ELEVATED PRESSURES; ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITIES AB Densities of pure propan-1-ol have been measured in the liquid phase with a modified high pressure-high temperature Anton-Paar vibrating-tube densimeter (model DMA 5000). Measurements were made at six isotherms (298.15, 323.15, 348.15, 373.15. 398.15, and 423.15 K) as a function of pressure. The range of pressure was 0.1-40 MPa. The total uncertainty of density, temperature, and pressure measurements were estimated to be less than 0.15 kg m-(3), 15 mK, and 5 kPa, respectively. The uncertainties reported in this paper are expanded uncertainties at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2. Values of saturated densities were determined by extrapolating experimental P-p data to the vapor pressure at fixed temperature. The measured values of density were used to calculate the derived properties such as isothermal compressibility (K-T.), thermal expansion coefficient (alpha(p)), isochoric (C-v) and isobaric (C-p) heat capacities, and sound velocity (W). All measured and derived properties were compared in detail with the data reported in literature. Measured values of p, rho, and T were used to develop Tait and polynomial type equations of state. The quality and predicting capability of the Tait type equation of state was examined by comparing with direct measured Values of heat capacity at constant volume and constant pressure, speed of sound, isothermal compressibility, etc. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Safarov, J. T.; Aliyev, F. Sh.; Talibov, M. A.; Shahverdiyev, A. N.] Azerbaijan Tech Univ, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Safarov, J. T.; Hassel, E. P.] Univ Rostock, Lehrstul Tech Thermodynamik, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 146 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 268 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2008.03.009 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 324PZ UT WOS:000257531800004 ER PT J AU Wu, CR Chang, YL Oey, LY Chang, CWJ Hsin, YC AF Wu, Chau-Ron Chang, Yu-Lin Oey, Lie-Yauw Chang, C. -W. June Hsin, Yi-Chia TI Air-sea interaction between tropical cyclone Nari and Kuroshio SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN EDDY; INTENSITY; HURRICANE AB The air-sea interaction between tropical cyclone Nari (Sep/6 - 16/2001) and Kuroshio is studied using satellite observations and an ocean model. Nari crossed the Kuroshio several times, which caused variations in typhoon intensity. Nari weakened when it was over the shelf north of Kuroshio where cooling took place due to mixing of the shallow thermocline. The cyclonic circulation penetrated much deeper for the slowly-moving storm, regardless of Nari's intensity. Near-inertial oscillations are simulated by the model in terms of the vertical displacement of isotherms. The SST cooling caused by upwelling and vertical mixing is effective in cooling the upper ocean several days after the storm had passed. At certain locations, surface chlorophyll-a concentration increases significantly after Nari's departure. Upwelling and mixing bring nutrient-rich subsurface water to the sea surface, causing enhancement of phytoplankton bloom. C1 [Wu, Chau-Ron; Chang, Yu-Lin; Hsin, Yi-Chia] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Chang, C. -W. June] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Chang, Yu-Lin] Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wu, CR (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 88 Sect 4,Ting Chou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. EM cwu@ntnu.edu.tw NR 15 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 AR L12605 DI 10.1029/2008GL033942 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 321ME UT WOS:000257308500004 ER PT J AU Wood, R Comstock, KK Bretherton, CS Cornish, C Tomlinson, J Collins, DR Fairall, C AF Wood, R. Comstock, K. K. Bretherton, C. S. Cornish, C. Tomlinson, J. Collins, D. R. Fairall, C. TI Open cellular structure in marine stratocumulus sheets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRIZZLING STRATOCUMULUS; WATER-VAPOR; CLOUD; AEROSOL; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION; ORGANIZATION; ENTRAINMENT; REANALYSIS AB Geostationary and Sun-synchronous satellite data and in situ observations from ship cruises are used to investigate the formation of open cellular structure in marine stratocumulus clouds over the southeast Pacific (SEP). Open cellular convection either forms spontaneously as pockets of open cells (POCs) within overcast stratocumulus, or is advected into the region from midlatitude regions. POC formation occurs most frequently during the latter part of the night, demonstrating that this transition is not caused by solar absorption-driven decoupling. The transition preferentially occurs in clouds with low 11-3.9 mu m nighttime brightness temperature difference (BTD) which is found to be well correlated with both in situ measured accumulation mode aerosol concentration and cloud droplet concentration estimates derived from MODIS. Besides indicating that nighttime BTD is an excellent proxy for stratocumulus cloud droplet concentration N-d, this also suggests that low aerosol concentrations favor POC formation. Indeed, extremely low accumulation mode aerosol concentrations are found during the passage of open cell events over the ship. Free-tropospheric moisture is not found to be an important factor in POC formation. Significant subseasonal variability occurs in the fractional coverage of open cellular convection over the broader SEP. This coverage is well correlated with a MODIS-derived drizzle proxy (MDP) proportional to the ratio of liquid water path (LWP) to N-d for predominantly overcast regions. Both LWP and N-d variability influences the MDP. Periods of low MDP have significant positive large-scale N-d anomalies and are preceded by offshore winds at 850 hPa, which suggests a potential continental influence upon open cell formation over the SEP. Together, the results suggest important two-way interactions between aerosols and drizzle in marine stratocumulus and a role for drizzle in modulating the large-scale albedo of these cloud systems. C1 [Wood, R.; Comstock, K. K.; Bretherton, C. S.; Cornish, C.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98915 USA. [Tomlinson, J.; Collins, D. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fairall, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wood, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98915 USA. EM robwood@atmos.washington.edu RI Tomlinson, Jason/C-6566-2009; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Collins, Don/F-9617-2012 OI Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; NR 46 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D12 AR D12207 DI 10.1029/2007JD009371 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 321MQ UT WOS:000257309700004 ER PT J AU Baker, ET Embley, RW Walker, SL Resing, JA Lupton, JE Nakamura, K de Ronde, CEJ Massoth, GJ AF Baker, Edward T. Embley, Robert W. Walker, Sharon L. Resing, Joseph A. Lupton, John E. Nakamura, Ko-ichi de Ronde, Cornel E. J. Massoth, Gary J. TI Hydrothermal activity and volcano distribution along the Mariana arc SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ISLAND-ARC; KASUGA SEAMOUNTS; EVOLUTION; TROUGH; MAGMATISM; PLUMES; MELT AB [1] Submarine volcanic arcs extend for fully a third of the length of the mid-ocean ridge system, but systematic investigation of hydrothermal venting on those arcs is sparse. Here we report on the distribution of hydrothermal activity along the intraoceanic Mariana arc. We identify 76 volcanic edifices along 1370 km of arc, grouped into 60 "volcanic centers,'' of which at least 26 (20 submarine) are hydrothermally or volcanically active. The overall volcanic center density is 4.4/100 km of arc, and that of active centers is 1.9/100 km. An equal length of the Tonga-Kermadec arc holds fewer centers, 2.9/100 km, but a similar density of active centers, 1.8/100 km. The lower percentage of active centers on the Mariana arc results from its having both fewer caldera volcanoes, since on both arcs calderas are twice as likely as cones to be active, and a lower percentage of active calderas and cones. Active centers are found from 80 to 230 km above the subducting Pacific slab, and a quarter lie behind the arc front. The frequency distribution of center spacing along the arc front peaks between 20 and 30 km and shows the asymmetric, long-tail shape typical for many other arcs, especially those with volcano populations >similar to 20. There is no evidence for a regular spacing of volcanic centers. Using the new Mariana data and recent data from the Tonga-Kermadec arc, we estimate that all intraoceanic arcs combined may contribute hydrothermal emissions equal to similar to 10% of that from the global mid-ocean ridge. C1 [Baker, Edward T.; Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Massoth, Gary J.] Ocean Explorat, GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. [Embley, Robert W.; Lupton, John E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nakamura, Ko-ichi] AIST Cent, AIST IGG, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM edward.baker@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08S09 DI 10.1029/2007JB005423 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321OA UT WOS:000257314100001 ER PT J AU Ding, YF Ro, HW Alvine, KJ Okerberg, BC Zhou, J Douglas, JF Karim, A Soles, CL AF Ding, Yifu Ro, Hyun Wook Alvine, Kyle J. Okerberg, Brian C. Zhou, Jing Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir Soles, Christopher L. TI Nanoimprint lithography and the role of viscoelasticity in the generation of residual stress in model polystyrene patterns SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FLASH IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; HOT EMBOSSING LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NM HALF-PITCH; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CORRUGATION GRATINGS; CIRCUIT FABRICATION; SURFACE-TENSION; POLYMER; TEMPERATURE AB Understanding polymer deformation during the nanoimprinting process is key to achieving robust polymer nanostructures. Information regarding this process can be extracted from monitoring the decay of the imprinted polymer patterns during thermal annealing. In the present work, the effect of both the molar mass and the imprinting temperature on the pattern decay behavior during thermal annealing is investigated. Previously, it was found that the decay rate is fastest for a highly entangled polymer due to the elastic recovery caused by the residual stress created during the imprinting process. The present paper demonstrates that this residual stress level can be modified through control of the imprinting temperature. These results are contrasted with those for an unentangled polymer over a similar range of imprinting temperatures, where it is found that the pattern decay is controlled by simple Newtonian flow. In particular, the pattern decay is well described by surface-tension-driven viscous flow, and no imprinting-temperature effect is observed during thermal annealing. It is shown that the stability of the film against pattern decay can be optimized for moderately entangled polymer films. This effect is attributed to the competition between the effect of increased viscosity with increasing molar mass and increased residual stresses with entanglements. These observations provide guidance for the optimization of imprinting process in terms of selection of molar mass and processing temperatures. C1 [Ding, Yifu; Ro, Hyun Wook; Alvine, Kyle J.; Okerberg, Brian C.; Zhou, Jing; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ding, YF (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1854 EP 1862 DI 10.1002/adfm.200701402 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324MT UT WOS:000257523400016 ER PT J AU Stanley, C Rau, DC AF Stanley, Christopher Rau, Donald C. TI Assessing the interaction of urea and protein-stabilizing osmolytes with the nonpolar surface of hydroxypropylcellulose SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PREFERENTIAL HYDRATION; GLYCINE BETAINE; OSMOTIC-STRESS; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; UNCHARGED SOLUTES; PRACTICAL GUIDE; DNA; EXCLUSION; WATER; DENATURATION AB The interaction of urea and several naturally occurring protein-stabilizing osmolytes, glycerol, sorbitol, glycine betaine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), and proline, with condensed arrays of a hydrophobically modified polysaccharide, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), has been inferred from the effect of these solutes on the forces acting between HPC polymers. Urea interacts only very weakly. The protein-stabilizing osmolytes are strongly excluded. The observed energies indicate that the exclusion of the protein-stabilizing osmolytes from protein hydrophobic side chains would add significantly to protein stability. The temperature dependence of exclusion indicates a significant contribution of enthalpy to the interaction energy in contrast to expectations from "molecular crowding" theories based on steric repulsion. The dependence of exclusion on the distance between HPC polymers rather indicates that perturbations of water structuring or hydration forces underlie exclusion. C1 [Stanley, Christopher; Rau, Donald C.] NICHHD, NIH, Lab Phys & Struct Biol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Stanley, Christopher] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rau, DC (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, Lab Phys & Struct Biol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM raud@mail.nih.gov OI Stanley, Christopher/0000-0002-4226-7710 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 HD008747-06] NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 25 BP 6711 EP 6718 DI 10.1021/bi800117f PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 315BM UT WOS:000256852900020 PM 18512956 ER PT J AU Oatis, JE Brunsfeld, P Rushing, JW Moeller, PD Bearden, DW Gallien, TN Cooper, G AF Oatis, John E., Jr. Brunsfeld, Pam Rushing, James W. Moeller, Peter D. Bearden, Daniel W. Gallien, Thomas N. Cooper, George, IV TI Isolation, purification, and full NMR assignments of cyclopamine from Veratrum californicum SO CHEMISTRY CENTRAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TERATOGENIC COMPOUNDS; ALKALOIDS; DURAND; CANCER AB Background: The Hedgehog signaling pathway is essential for embryogenesis and for tissue homeostasis in the adult. However, it may induce malignancies in a number of tissues when constitutively activated, and it may also have a role in other forms of normal and maladaptive growth. Cyclopamine, a naturally occurring steroidal alkaloid, specifically inhibits the Hedgehog pathway by binding directly to Smoothened, an important Hedgehog response element. To use cyclopamine as a tool to explore and/or inhibit the Hedgehog pathway in vivo, a substantial quantity is required, and as a practical matter cyclopamine has been effectively unavailable for usage in animals larger than mice. Results: In this paper, we report a rapid and efficient isolation and purification of large quantities of cyclopamine from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum californicum Dur. (the Corn Lily or Western false hellebore). We also provide unambiguous assignments of the carbon and proton resonances by using the multinuclear spectra and the spin coupling networks. Conclusion: This method could meet a very real need within diverse scientific communities by allowing cyclopamine to become more readily available. C1 [Gallien, Thomas N.; Cooper, George, IV] Med Univ S Carolina, Div Cardiol, Gazes Cardiac Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. [Oatis, John E., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Brunsfeld, Pam] Univ Idaho, Stillinger Herbarium, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Rushing, James W.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Moeller, Peter D.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Toxin Nat Prod Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bearden, Daniel W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Cooper, G (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Div Cardiol, Gazes Cardiac Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. EM oatisj@musc.edu; pambruns@uidaho.edu; jrshng@clemson.edu; peter.moeller@noaa.gov; dan.bearden@noaa.gov; gallient@musc.edu; cooperge@musc.edu FU Gazes Cardiac Research Institute FX The authors would like to thank Larry W. Ross, District Ranger, Clearwater National Forest, Palouse Ranger District, Potlatch, ID 83855 for permission to gather specimens of Veratrum californicum, John Brunsfeld, Brandon Jones, Erik Rudzitis, and Lisa Stratford from the University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium for help with gathering the specimens, Kevin Huncik and Kevin Beauchesne of the National Ocean Service for aid in configuring the Soxhlet extractors, Jennifer Bethard for obtaining mass spectra, and the Medical University of South Carolina University Research Resource Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectroscopy Facilities and the Hollings Marine Laboratory Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility. This work was supported by the Gazes Cardiac Research Institute New Initiatives Development Fund. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1752-153X J9 CHEM CENT J JI Chem. Cent. J. PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 2 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1752-153X-2-12 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 346KK UT WOS:000259067200001 PM 18577213 ER PT J AU Rossi, AM Murphy, TE Reipa, V AF Rossi, Andrea M. Murphy, Thomas E. Reipa, Vytas TI Ultraviolet photoluminescence from 6H silicon carbide nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMALL SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALLITES; QUANTUM DOTS; LUMINESCENCE; ELECTRON; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; EMISSION; STATE AB We report stable photoluminescence from 6H silicon carbide nanocrystals dispersed in three different solvents: water, hydrofluoric acid, and toluene. Transmission electron micrograph surveys reveal a size distribution that contains a significant fraction of monocrystal particles with diameters below 3 nm-small enough for quantum confinement to play a role in increasing the effective bandgap energy. The ultraviolet photoluminescence band observed at 3.5 eV in the colloidal solutions is consistent with quantum confinement estimates based on the effective mass model. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Rossi, Andrea M.; Murphy, Thomas E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rossi, Andrea M.; Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rossi, Andrea M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10136 Turin, Italy. RP Rossi, AM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM amrossi@umd.edu RI Murphy, Thomas/H-2199-2011; OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-8286-3832; ROSSI, Andrea Mario/0000-0001-5638-7978 NR 28 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 25 AR 253112 DI 10.1063/1.2950084 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 320KC UT WOS:000257231200063 ER PT J AU Carls, MG Holland, L Larsen, M Collier, TK Scholz, NL Incardona, JP AF Carls, Mark G. Holland, Larry Larsen, Marie Collier, Tracy K. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Incardona, John P. TI Fish embryos are damaged by dissolved PAHs, not oil particles SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish embryos; dissolved PAH toxicity; mechanism of oil damage; particulate oil ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; PINK SALMON; VITELLINE ENVELOPE; JAPANESE MEDAKA; TOXICITY; ZEBRAFISH AB To distinguish the toxicity of whole oil droplets from compounds dissolved in water, responses of zebrafish embryos exposed to particulate-laden, mechanically dispersed Alaska North Slope crude oil (mechanically dispersed oil (MDO)) were compared to those of embryos protected from direct oil droplet contact by an agarose matrix. Most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in MDO were contained in oil droplets; about 16% were dissolved. The agarose precluded embryo contact with particulate oil but allowed diffusive passage of dissolved PAHs. The incidence of edema, hemorrhaging, and cardiac abnormalities in embryos was dose-dependent in both MDO and agarose and the biological effects in these compartments were identical in character. Although mean total PAH (TPAH) concentrations in MDO were about 5-9 times greater than in agarose, dissolved PAH concentrations were similar in the two compartments. Furthermore, mean differences in paired embryo responses between compartments were rellatively small (14-23%, grand mean 17%), typically with a larger response in embryos exposed to MDO. Therefore, the embryos reacted only to dissolved PAHs and the response difference between compartments is explained by diffusion. Averaged over 48 h, the estimated mean TPAH concentration in agarose was about 16% less than the dissolved TPAH concentration in MDO. Thus, PAHs dissolved from oil are toxic and physical contact with oil droplets is not necessary for embryotoxicity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Carls, Mark G.; Holland, Larry; Larsen, Marie] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Collier, Tracy K.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Incardona, John P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Carls, MG (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Mark.Carls@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 49 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 23 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.03.014 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 322JB UT WOS:000257369900004 PM 18479765 ER PT J AU Hemmer, MJ Cripe, GM Hemmer, BL Goodman, LR Salinas, KA Fournie, JW Walker, CC AF Hemmer, Michael J. Cripe, Geraldine M. Hemmer, Becky L. Goodman, Larry R. Salinas, Kimberly A. Fournie, John W. Walker, Calvin C. TI Comparison of estrogen-responsive plasma protein biomarkers and reproductive endpoints in sheepshead minnows exposed to 17 beta-trenbolone SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein profiling; MALDI; androgen; trenbolone; fish; biomarker ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; FATHEAD MINNOW; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; IN-VIVO; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Protein profiling can be used for detection of biomarkers that can be applied diagnostically to screen chemicals for endocrine modifying activity. In previous studies, mass spectral analysis revealed four peptides (2950.5, 2972.5, 3003.4, 3025.5 m/z) in the plasma of estrogen agonist-treated male and gravid female sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus, SHM), which served as distinct estrogenic biomarkers. In this study, a 21-day reproductive assay with adult SHM was conducted to investigate possible dose-related effects of the synthetic androgen, 17 beta-trenbolone, on expression of these four estrogen-responsive peptides. In addition, the response of the peptide biomarkers were compared to traditional reproductive endpoints of fecundity, histopathology, secondary sex characteristics, length, weight, hepatosomatic index, female gonadosomatic index and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) levels. Fish were continuously exposed to 0.005, 0.05, and 5.0 mu g/l, a solvent control (triethylene glycol, TEG), and a seawater control (SW) using an intermittent flow-through dosing system. Plasma was analyzed for the presence of the four peptide biomarkers by MALDI-TOF MS and VTG protein by quantitative ELISA. Male fish from the trenbolone treatments and controls showed no expression of the four peptide biomarkers or measurable levels of VTG. The estrogen-responsive biomarkers and plasma VTG were constitutively expressed in females from the SW, TEG, 0.005 and 0.05 mu g/l exposures. All four peptide biomarkers were significantly reduced (p < 0.0002 to p < 0.005) at the 5.0 mu g/l treatment level which corresponded with significant reductions in fecundity and changes in ovarian morphology. A distinct but non-significant reduction in VTG was also observed in female fish from the 5.0 mu g/l treatment. Results of this study suggest application of these estrogen-responsive protein biomarkers may be a cost effective alternative to fecundity measures which are labor intensive and expensive to conduct. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hemmer, Michael J.; Cripe, Geraldine M.; Hemmer, Becky L.; Goodman, Larry R.; Salinas, Kimberly A.; Fournie, John W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Walker, Calvin C.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Hemmer, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM hemmer.michael@epa.gov NR 55 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 23 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.04.001 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 322JB UT WOS:000257369900005 PM 18495259 ER PT J AU Dyer, SD Stevens, MJ Baek, B Nam, SW AF Dyer, Shellee D. Stevens, Martin J. Baek, Burm Nam, Sae Woo TI High-efficiency, ultra low-noise all-fiber photon-pair source SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION-SHIFTED FIBER; MICROSTRUCTURE FIBER; CRYSTAL FIBER; GENERATION AB We demonstrate an all-fiber photon-pair source with the highest coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) reported to date in the fiber-optic telecom C-band. We achieve this through careful optimization of pair-production efficiency as well as careful characterization and minimization of all sources of background photons, including Raman generation in the nonlinear fiber, Raman generation in the single-mode fiber, and leakage of pump photons. We cool the nonlinear fiber to 4 K to eliminate most of the Raman scattering, and we reduce other noise photon counts through careful system design. This yields a CAR of 1300 at a pair generation rate of 2 kHz. This CAR is a factor of 12 higher than previously reported results in the C-band. Measured data agree well with theoretical predictions. This paper describes work of the US government and is not subject to copyright. C1 [Dyer, Shellee D.; Stevens, Martin J.; Baek, Burm; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dyer, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdyer@boulder.nist.gov NR 15 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 23 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 13 BP 9966 EP 9977 DI 10.1364/OE.16.009966 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 325BT UT WOS:000257563900079 PM 18575567 ER PT J AU Petropavlovskikh, I Froidevaux, L Shetter, R Hall, S Ullmann, K Bhartia, PK Kroon, M Levelt, P AF Petropavlovskikh, I. Froidevaux, L. Shetter, R. Hall, S. Ullmann, K. Bhartia, P. K. Kroon, M. Levelt, P. TI In-flight validation of Aura MLS ozone with CAFS partial ozone columns SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EOS MLS; SATELLITE; BREWER; DOBSON AB A comprehensive data set of partial ozone columns was derived from the charge-coupled device (CCD) Actinic Flux Spectroradiometer (CAFS) measurements taken during the Polar 2005, Houston 2005, and Costa Rica 2006 Aura Validation Experiments (AVE). It was used to validate the colocated daytime Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) partial ozone columns along the aircraft tracks over diverse geophysical conditions. Results show that the MLS v. 1.5 and CAFS ozone columns agree to better than 3% at pressure levels of 100 and 146 hPa, and to better than 5% at 215 hPa level. The partial ozone column differences between the two systems were the largest during the Polar AVE ( PAVE) 2005 campaign ( polar region, similar to 250 hPa pressure level), and the smallest during the CRAVE 2006 campaign ( tropics, similar to 100 hPa pressure level). Overall, the averaged bias between the MLS and CAFS partial ozone column is about 2%, and the standard deviation of the differences is about 2%. The v. 2.2 update of the MLS data tends to reduce the bias to less than 1%. In addition, the AVE 2005 campaign uncovered an altitude-dependent bias, where the MLS partial ozone columns above 100 and 146 hPa pressure levels were about 1% higher than the CAFS derived columns, while the bias increased to about 3% in partial columns integrated above 215 hPa. However, the MLS and CAFS data track each other closely over a wide range of atmospheric conditions, and the differences lie within the combined uncertainties of the two data sets. C1 [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Shetter, R.; Hall, S.; Ullmann, K.] NCAR, ESSL, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kroon, M.; Levelt, P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ESRL,GMD, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ESRL,GMD, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM irina.petro@noaa.gov RI Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 21 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16S41 DI 10.1029/2007JD008690 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 317YP UT WOS:000257056600001 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Livigni, D Li, XY Cromer, CL Dowell, ML AF Lehman, John H. Livigni, David Li, Xiaoyu Cromer, Christopher L. Dowell, Marla L. TI Reflective attenuator for high-energy laser measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PULSES AB A high-energy laser attenuator in the range of 250 mJ (20 ns pulse width, 10 Hz repetition rate, 1064 nm wavelength) is described. The optical elements that constitute the attenuator are mirrors with relatively low reflectance, oriented at a 45 degrees angle of incidence. By combining three pairs of mirrors, the incoming radiation is collinear and has the same polarization orientation as the exit. We present damage testing and polarization-dependent reflectance measurements for 1064 mn laser light at 45 degrees angle of incidence for molybdenum, silicon carbide, and copper mirrors. A six element, 74 times (18 dB) attenuator is presented as an example. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Lehman, John H.; Livigni, David; Li, Xiaoyu; Cromer, Christopher L.; Dowell, Marla L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 18 BP 3360 EP 3363 DI 10.1364/AO.47.003360 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 323ZG UT WOS:000257486700020 PM 18566634 ER PT J AU Oey, LY Inoue, M Lai, R Lin, XH Welsh, SE Rouse, LJ AF Oey, L. -Y. Inoue, M. Lai, R. Lin, X. -H. Welsh, S. E. Rouse, L. J., Jr. TI Stalling of near-inertial waves in a cyclone SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; PROPAGATION; ENERGY; FRONT AB Observations at the edge of the Loop Current after hurricane Katrina show inertial energy amplified at a depth of approximately 600 similar to 700 m. Ray-analysis using the eddy field obtained from a numerical simulation with data assimilation suggests that the amplification is due to inertial motions stalled in a deep cyclone. C1 [Oey, L. -Y.; Lin, X. -H.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Inoue, M.; Rouse, L. J., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lai, R.] Minerals Management Serv, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [Inoue, M.; Welsh, S. E.; Rouse, L. J., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 AR L12604 DI 10.1029/2008GL034273 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 317WT UT WOS:000257051800007 ER PT J AU Wollheim, WM Vorosmarty, CJ Bouwman, AF Green, P Harrison, J Linder, E Peterson, BJ Seitzinger, SP Syvitski, JPM AF Wollheim, Wilfred M. Vorosmarty, Charles J. Bouwman, A. F. Green, Pamela Harrison, John Linder, Ernst Peterson, Bruce J. Seitzinger, Sybil P. Syvitski, James P. M. TI Global N removal by freshwater aquatic systems using a spatially distributed, within-basin approach SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITROGEN EXPORT; NORTHEASTERN USA; RIVERS; STREAM; LAKES; SIZE; DENITRIFICATION; IMPACT; FLUXES AB We explored the role of aquatic systems in the global N cycle using a spatially distributed, within-basin, aquatic nitrogen (N) removal model, implemented within the Framework for Aquatic Modeling in the Earth System (FrAMES-N). The model predicts mean annual total N (TN) removal by small rivers (with drainage areas from 2.6 - 1000 km(2)), large rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, using a 300 latitude x longitude river network to route and process material from continental source areas to the coastal zone. Mean annual aquatic TN removal (for the mid-1990s time period) is determined by the distributions of aquatic TN inputs, mean annual hydrological characteristics, and biological activity. Model-predicted TN concentrations at basin mouths corresponded well with observations (median relative error = -12%, interquartile range of relative error = = 85%), an improvement over assumptions of uniform aquatic removal across basins. Removal by aquatic systems globally accounted for 14% of total N inputs to continental surfaces, but represented 53% of inputs to aquatic systems. Integrated aquatic removal was similar in small rivers (16.5% of inputs), large rivers (13.6%), and lakes (15.2%), while large reservoirs were less important (5.2%). Bias related to runoff suggests improvements are needed in nonpoint N input estimates and/or aquatic biological activity. The within-basin approach represented by FrAMES-N will improve understanding of the freshwater nutrient flux response to anthropogenic change at global scales. C1 [Wollheim, Wilfred M.; Vorosmarty, Charles J.; Green, Pamela] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Vorosmarty, Charles J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Bouwman, A. F.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, NOAA, CMER Program, Inst Marine & Coastal Studies, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Harrison, John] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Linder, Ernst] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Math & Stat, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Peterson, Bruce J.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Syvitski, James P. M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wollheim, WM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM wil.wollheim@unh.edu RI Harrison, John/F-2280-2011; Bouwman, Lex/B-7053-2012; Syvitski, James/L-2008-2013; Bouwman, Lex/F-1444-2015 OI Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859 NR 54 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 AR GB2026 DI 10.1029/2007GB002963 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 317XM UT WOS:000257053700001 ER PT J AU Siddon, EC Siddon, CE Stekoll, MS AF Siddon, Elizabeth Calvert Siddon, Christopher E. Stekoll, Michael S. TI Community level effects of Nereocystis luetkeana in southeastern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; habitat complexity; invertebrate assemblages; kelp; Nereocystis luetkeana; essential fish habitat ID TEMPERATE REEF FISH; JUVENILE COD GADUS; KELP FOREST; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; PARALABRAX-CLATHRATUS; LAMINARIA-HYPERBOREA; RECRUITMENT PATTERNS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; WASHINGTON-STATE; SEA OTTERS AB A multispecies approach was used to examine the role of the canopy forming kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, in structuring kelp communities near Juneau, Alaska (58 degrees 22'53 N, 134 degrees 38'45 W). Large-scale (1500 m(2)) manipulations were used to test direct and indirect effects of Nereocystis on faunal assemblages. Fish and invertebrate abundances were quantified in relation to canopy (canopy, no canopy), depth (bottom, surface), and season (summer, winter) using Standard Monitoring Units for Recruitment of Fish (SMURFs), light traps, and visual surveys. Lacuna vincta directly utilized the canopy of Nereocystis with greatest abundances at canopy sites during the summer. In contrast, a direct negative effect of Nereocystis was observed for schooling Gadidae fishes: six times more fish were observed at sites without canopy kelp. The abundance of juvenile benthic fishes was twice as high at the bottom of sites containing Nereocystis as compared to no canopy sites, providing strong evidence for an indirect effect of canopy presence on community structure. Other invertebrate abundances (i.e., amphipods, copepods) were greater within the bottom strata (sub-canopy) of all sites, regardless of canopy or season. Our results illustrate the importance of a multispecies approach and present novel information for a little-studied, high-latitude kelp system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Siddon, Elizabeth Calvert; Siddon, Christopher E.; Stekoll, Michael S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Stekoll, Michael S.] Univ Alaska SE, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Siddon, EC (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Elizabeth.Siddon@noaa.gov NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 361 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.03.015 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 330PQ UT WOS:000257955700002 ER PT J AU Bao, W Mao, ZQ Qu, Z Lynn, JW AF Bao, Wei Mao, Z. Q. Qu, Z. Lynn, J. W. TI Spin valve effect and magnetoresistivity in single crystalline Ca(3)Ru(2)O(7) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC PHASE-DIAGRAM; DOUBLE EXCHANGE; FILMS AB The laminar perovskite Ca(3)Ru(2)O(7) naturally forms ferromagnetic double layers of alternating moment directions, as in the spin-valve superlattices. The mechanism of the huge magnetoresistive effect in the material has been controversial due to a lack of clear understanding of various magnetic phases and phase transitions. In this neutron diffraction study in a magnetic field, we identify four different magnetic phases in Ca(3)Ru(2)O(7) and determine all first-order and second-order phase transitions between them. The spin-valve mechanism then readily explains the dominant magnetoresistive effect in Ca(3)Ru(2)O(7). C1 [Bao, Wei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mao, Z. Q.; Qu, Z.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Qu, Zhe/H-6406-2011 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Qu, Zhe/0000-0003-3865-8337 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 24 AR 247203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.247203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 316II UT WOS:000256942400070 PM 18643623 ER PT J AU Mathey, L Altman, E Vishwanath, A AF Mathey, L. Altman, E. Vishwanath, A. TI Noise correlations in one-dimensional systems of ultracold fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; OPTICAL LATTICE AB Time of flight images reflect the momentum distribution of the atoms in the trap, but the spatial noise in the image holds information on more subtle correlations. Using bosonization, we study such correlations in generic 1D systems of ultracold fermions. We show how pairing as well as spin and charge density wave correlations may be identified and extracted from time of flight images. These incipient orders manifest themselves as power-law singularities in the noise correlations, that depend on the Luttinger parameters, which suggests a general experimental technique to obtain them. C1 [Mathey, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathey, L.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Altman, E.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Vishwanath, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mathey, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Altman, Ehud/C-1514-2010; Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 24 AR 240401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.240401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 316II UT WOS:000256942400001 PM 18643554 ER PT J AU Beron-Vera, FJ Olascoaga, MJ Goni, GJ AF Beron-Vera, F. J. Olascoaga, M. J. Goni, G. J. TI Oceanic mesoscale eddies as revealed by Lagrangian coherent structures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUID TRANSPORT; TOPEX/POSEIDON; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; TURBULENCE; ALTIMETRY; FLOWS AB We demonstrate the feasibility of using dynamical systems tools to unambiguously identify mesoscale oceanic eddies from surface ocean currents derived using climatological hydrography and altimetry. Specifically, our analysis is based on extracting Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) from finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) fields. The FTLE fields reveal with unprecedented detail an intricate tangle of LCSs, which are hidden in ocean surface topography maps but sometimes are apparent in ocean color images. These LCSs delineate fluid domains with very different advective properties, and thus their detection provides an objective (i.e., frame-independent) means of identifying eddy boundaries. The importance of considering LCSs in quantifying transport by eddies is highlighted. Such a quantification does not rely on the common assumption-which is shown to be generally not valid-that transport is largely effected by the trapping and subsequent translation of water slugs inside eddies defined as the regions enclosed by sea height (streamfunction) contours within which rotation dominates over strain. LCSs are calculated for the whole globe and compared with satellite-tracked drogue drifter trajectories within a selected region of the South Atlantic. C1 [Beron-Vera, F. J.; Olascoaga, M. J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, AMP, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Goni, G. J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PhOD, Miami, FL 33139 USA. RP Beron-Vera, FJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, AMP, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM fberon@rsmas.miami.edu RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 NR 20 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 AR L12603 DI 10.1029/2008GL033957 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 317WP UT WOS:000257051400002 ER PT J AU Ziegelbauer, JM Olson, TS Pylypenko, S Alamgir, F Jaye, C Atanassov, P Mukerjee, S AF Ziegelbauer, Joseph M. Olson, Tim S. Pylypenko, Svitlana Alamgir, Faisal Jaye, Cherno Atanassov, Plamen Mukerjee, Sanjeev TI Direct spectroscopic observation of the structural origin of peroxide generation from co-based pyrolyzed porphyrins for ORR applications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; FE-BASED CATALYSTS; HIGH-AREA CARBON; ADSORPTION SITES; IN-SITU; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; COBALT PHTHALOCYANINE; WATER ACTIVATION AB Pyrolyzed transition metal based porphyrins present an attractive alternative to state of the art Pt-based electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications based on their comparatively low cost. Unfortunately, the large array of precursors and synthetic strategies has led to considerable ambiguity regarding the specific structure/ property relationships that give rise to their activity for oxygen reduction. Specifically, considerable debate exists in actual chemical structure of the pyrolyzed reaction centers, and their relationship to membrane-damaging peroxide yield. In this manuscript a comprehensive electrochemical and spectroscopic study of pyrolyzed CoTMPP produced via a self-templating process is presented. The resulting electrocatalysts are not carbon-supported, but are highly porous self-supported pyropolymers. Rotating ring disk electrode measurements showed that the materials pyrolyzed at 700 degrees C exhibited the highest performance, whereas pyrolysis at 800 degrees C resulted in a significant increase in the peroxide yield. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Co L and K edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies confirm that the majority of the Co-N-4 active site has broken down to Co-N-2 at 800 degrees C. Application of Delta mu analysis (an X-ray absorption near-edge structure difference technique) to the in. situ Co K edge EXAFS data allowed for direct spectroscopic observation of the geometry of O-ads on the pyropolymer active sites. The specific geometrical adsorption of molecular oxygen with respect to the plane of the Co-N-x moieties highly influences the oxygen reduction reaction pathway. The application of the Delta mu technique to other transition metal based macrocycle electrocatalyst systems is expected to provide similarly detailed information. C1 [Ziegelbauer, Joseph M.; Mukerjee, Sanjeev] NE Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Olson, Tim S.; Pylypenko, Svitlana; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Farris Engn Ctr 209, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Alamgir, Faisal] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jaye, Cherno] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), NE Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM s.mukerjee@neu.edu RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011; OI Alamgir, Faisal/0000-0002-0894-8096 NR 55 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 7 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 24 BP 8839 EP 8849 DI 10.1021/jp8001564 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 313KG UT WOS:000256738900018 ER PT J AU Blatt, R Wineland, D AF Blatt, Rainer Wineland, David TI Entangled states of trapped atomic ions SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID DETERMINISTIC QUANTUM TELEPORTATION; HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; FREQUENCY STANDARD; MULTIPARTICLE ENTANGLEMENT; ERROR-CORRECTION; COMPUTER; GATE; REALIZATION; IMPLEMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB To process information using quantum-mechanical principles, the states of individual particles need to be entangled and manipulated. One way to do this is to use trapped, laser-cooled atomic ions. Attaining a general-purpose quantum computer is, however, a distant goal, but recent experiments show that just a few entangled trapped ions can be used to improve the precision of measurements. If the entanglement in such systems can be scaled up to larger numbers of ions, simulations that are intractable on a classical computer might become possible. C1 [Blatt, Rainer] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Blatt, Rainer] Osterreichische Akad Wissensch, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Wineland, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Blatt, R (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM Rainer.Blatt@uibk.ac.at NR 100 TC 458 Z9 464 U1 15 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 453 IS 7198 BP 1008 EP 1015 DI 10.1038/nature07125 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 314WM UT WOS:000256839900042 PM 18563151 ER PT J AU Zabow, G Dodd, S Moreland, J Koretsky, A AF Zabow, Gary Dodd, Stephen Moreland, John Koretsky, Alan TI Micro-engineered local field control for high-sensitivity multispectral MRI SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDE PARTICLES; CELLULAR MRI; STEM-CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; AGENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; DEVICES; SAFETY AB In recent years, biotechnology and biomedical research have benefited from the introduction of a variety of specialized nanoparticles whose well-defined, optically distinguishable signatures enable simultaneous tracking of numerous biological indicators. Unfortunately, equivalent multiplexing capabilities are largely absent in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Comparable magnetic-resonance labels have generally been limited to relatively simple chemically synthesized superparamagnetic microparticles that are, to a large extent, indistinguishable from one another. Here we show how it is instead possible to use a top-down microfabrication approach to effectively encode distinguishable spectral signatures into the geometry of magnetic microstructures. Although based on different physical principles from those of optically probed nanoparticles, these geometrically defined magnetic microstructures permit a multiplexing functionality in the magnetic resonance radio-frequency spectrum that is in many ways analogous to that permitted by quantum dots in the optical spectrum. Additionally, in situ modification of particle geometries may facilitate radio-frequency probing of various local physiological variables. C1 [Zabow, Gary; Dodd, Stephen; Koretsky, Alan] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zabow, Gary; Moreland, John] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zabow, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zabow@boulder.nist.gov RI Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015 OI Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 NS003047-01] NR 32 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 453 IS 7198 BP 1058 EP U2 DI 10.1038/nature07048 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 314WM UT WOS:000256839900048 PM 18563157 ER PT J AU Giambelluca, TW Diaz, HF Luke, MSA AF Giambelluca, Thomas W. Diaz, Henry F. Luke, Mark S. A. TI Secular temperature changes in Hawaii SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRENDS; ISLANDS AB While the upward trend in global mean temperature has been intensively studied, some regional temperature trends are less well known. We document secular temperature changes in the Hawaiian Islands for the past similar to 85 years based on an index of 21 stations. Results show a relatively rapid rise in surface temperature in the last similar to 30 years, with stronger warming at the higher elevations. The bulk of the increase in mean temperature is related to a much larger increase in minimum temperatures compared to the maximum-a net warming about 3 times as large resulting in a reduction of the diurnal range. For much of the period of record analyzed here, surface temperature in Hawaii has varied coherently with changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). However, in recent decades, the secular warming has begun to predominate, such that despite the recent cooling associated with the PDO, surface temperatures in Hawaii have remained elevated. The greater warming trend at the higher elevations may have significant ecological impacts. C1 [Giambelluca, Thomas W.; Diaz, Henry F.; Luke, Mark S. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA, CIRES, ESRL, PSD,Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Giambelluca, TW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM thomas@hawaii.edu OI Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 NR 19 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 AR L12702 DI 10.1029/2008GL034377 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 317WL UT WOS:000257051000007 ER PT J AU Stan, G Krylyuk, S Davydov, AV Vaudin, M Bendersky, LA Cook, RF AF Stan, G. Krylyuk, S. Davydov, A. V. Vaudin, M. Bendersky, L. A. Cook, R. F. TI Surface effects on the elastic modulus of Te nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; CARBON NANOTUBES; SIZE DEPENDENCE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOBELTS AB Nondestructive elastic property measurements have been performed on Te nanowires with diameters in the range 20-150 nm. By using contact resonance atomic force microscopy, the elastic indentation modulus perpendicular to the prismatic facets of the nanowires has been accurately quantified. In this diameter range, a pronounced size dependence of the modulus has been observed: an invariant value consistent with Te bulk properties for large wire diameters, followed by a nonlinear increase with decreasing diameter, and finally an almost doubling of the modulus for Te nanowires thinner than 30 nm. A model based on surface stiffening describes the observations. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Stan, G.; Vaudin, M.; Cook, R. F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylyuk, S.; Davydov, A. V.; Bendersky, L. A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 24 AR 241908 DI 10.1063/1.2945285 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 316FO UT WOS:000256934900032 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Kondragunta, S AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Kondragunta, Shobha TI Temporal and spatial variability in biomass burned areas across the USA derived from the GOES fire product SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE burned area; diurnal pattern; temporal and spatial variability; GOES fire product ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; DIURNAL FIRE; EMISSIONS; SEVERITY; RESOLUTION; SOUNDER; DATASET; SIBERIA AB Burned area is a critical input to the algorithms of biomass burning emissions and understanding variability in fire activity due to climate change but it is difficult to estimate. This study presents a robust algorithm to reconstruct the patterns in burned areas across Contiguous United States (CONUS) in diurnal, seasonal, and interannual scales from 2000-2006. Specifically, burned areas in individual fire pixels are empirically calculated using diurnal variations in instantaneous fire sizes from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) WF_ABBA (Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm) fire product. GOES burned areas exhibit diurnal variability with a temporal scale of half hours. The cumulative burned area during 9:00-16:00 local solar time accounts for 65%-81% of the total daily burned area. The diurnal variability is strongest in croplands compared to shrublands, grasslands, savannas, and forests. Analysis on a seasonal scale indicates that over 56% of burning occurs during summer (June-August). On average, the total annual burned area during the last seven years is 2.12 x 10(4) +/- 0.41 x 10(4) km(2). The algorithm developed in this study can be applied to obtain burned area from the detections of GOES active fires at near real time, which can greatly improve the estimates of biomass burning emissions needed for predicting air quality. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc, All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 63 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 6 BP 2886 EP 2897 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.02.006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 316YR UT WOS:000256986400013 ER PT J AU Dash, P Ignatov, A AF Dash, Prasanjit Ignatov, Alexander TI Validation of clear-sky radiances over oceans simulated with MODTRAN4.2 and global NCEP GDAS fields against nighttime NOAA15-18 and MetOp-A AVHRR data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE RTM; RTM bias; MODTRAN; AVHRR; MetOp-A; NOAA; NCEP; sea surface temperature; sea surface emissivity; Fresnel; validation; cloud; halos; aerosol in TIR ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TRACK SCANNING RADIOMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; INFRARED CHANNELS; CUMULUS CLOUDS; MU-M; EMISSIVITY AB An accurate and globally representative forward radiative transfer model (RTM) is needed to explore improvements in sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals from spaceborne infrared observations. This study evaluates the biases in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) brightness temperatures (BT) modeled with the moderate resolution transmission (MODTRAN4.2) band RTM, bounded by a Fresnel's reflective flat sea surface. This model is used to simulate global clear-sky Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) nighttime BTs from NOAA-15 through 18 and MetOp-A platforms for one full day of IS February 2007. Inputs to RTM (SST fields and vertical profiles of atmospheric relative humidity, temperature, pressure, and geopotential height) are specified from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data. Model BTs in AVHRR channels 3B (3.7 mu m), 4 (11 mu m), and 5 (12 mu m) are then compared with their respective measured counterparts, available in the NESDIS operational SST files. Ideally, the RTM should match the observations, but in fact, the modeled BTs are biased high with respect to the AVHRR BTs. The "Model minus Observation" (M - O) bias ranges from about 0 to 2 K, depending upon spectral band, view zenith angle, and sea and atmosphere state at the retrieval point. The bias asymptotically decreases towards confidently clear-sky conditions, but it never vanishes and invariably shows channel-specific dependencies on view zenith angle and geophysical conditions (e.g., column water vapor and sea-air temperature difference). Fuller exploration of the potential of the current RTM (e.g., adding global vertical aerosol profiles) or improvements to its input (NCEP SST and atmospheric profiles) may reduce this bias, but they cannot fully reconcile its spectral and angular structure. The fact that the M-O biases are closely reproducible for five AVHRR sensors flown onboard different platforms adds confidence in the validation approach employed in this study. We emphasize the need for establishing a globally adequate forward RTM for the use in SST modeling and retrievals. A first test of the RTM adequacy is its ability, when used in conjunction with the global fields from the numerical weather prediction models, to reproduce the TOA clear-sky radiances measured by satellite sensors. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dash, Prasanjit; Ignatov, Alexander] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Dash, Prasanjit] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dash, P (reprint author), Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM prasanjit_dash@yahoo.com RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Dash, Prasanjit/F-5582-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 6 BP 3012 EP 3029 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.02.013 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 316YR UT WOS:000256986400023 ER PT J AU Schlager, JB Bertness, KA Blanchard, PT Robins, LH Roshko, A Sanford, NA AF Schlager, John B. Bertness, Kris A. Blanchard, Paul T. Robins, Lawrence H. Roshko, Alexana Sanford, Norman A. TI Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence from relaxed and strained GaN nanowires grown by catalyst-free molecular-beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; BOUND EXCITON; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPOSITION; NITRIDE AB We report steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements on individual GaN nanowires (6-20 mu m in length, 30-940 nm in diameter) grown by a nitrogen-plasma-assisted, catalyst-free molecular-beam epitaxy on Si(111) and dispersed onto fused quartz substrates. Induced tensile strain for nanowires bonded to fused silica and compressive strain for nanowires coated with atomic-layer-deposition alumina led to redshifts and blueshifts of the dominant steady-state PL emission peak, respectively. Unperturbed nanowires exhibited spectra associated with high-quality, strain-free material. The TRPL lifetimes, which were similar for both relaxed and strained nanowires of similar size, ranged from 200 ps to over 2 ns, compared well with those of low-defect bulk GaN, and depended linearly on nanowire diameter. The diameter-dependent lifetimes yielded a room-temperature surface recombination velocity S of 9x10(3) cm/s for our silicon-doped GaN nanowires. C1 [Schlager, John B.; Bertness, Kris A.; Blanchard, Paul T.; Robins, Lawrence H.; Roshko, Alexana; Sanford, Norman A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schlager, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM schlager@boulder.nist.gov NR 24 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 12 AR 124309 DI 10.1063/1.2940732 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 321DE UT WOS:000257284100099 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Mapes, BE Weickmann, KM Kiladis, GN Schubert, SD Suarez, MJ Bacmeister, JT Lee, MI AF Lin, Jia-Lin Mapes, Brian E. Weickmann, Klaus M. Kiladis, George N. Schubert, Siegfried D. Suarez, Max J. Bacmeister, Julio T. Lee, Myong-In TI North American monsoon and convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by IPCC AR4 coupled GCMs SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SIMPLE MULTICLOUD PARAMETERIZATION; PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; EASTERLY WAVES; PART I; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION AB This study evaluates the fidelity of North American monsoon and associated intraseasonal variability in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) coupled general circulation models (CGCMs). Twenty years of monthly precipitation data from each of the 22 models' twentieth-century climate simulations, together with the available daily precipitation data from 12 of them, are analyzed and compared with Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly and daily precipitation. The authors focus on the seasonal cycle and horizontal pattern of monsoon precipitation in conjunction with the two dominant convectively coupled equatorial wave modes: the eastward-propagating Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and the westward-propagating easterly waves. The results show that the IPCC AR4 CGCMs have significant problems and display a wide range of skill in simulating the North American monsoon and associated intraseasonal variability. Most of the models reproduce the monsoon rainbelt, extending from southeast to northwest, and its gradual northward shift in early summer, but overestimate the precipitation over the core monsoon region throughout the seasonal cycle and fail to reproduce the monsoon retreat in the fall. Additionally, most models simulate good westward propagation of the easterly waves, but relatively poor eastward propagation of the MJO and overly weak variances for both the easterly waves and the MJO. There is a tendency for models without undiluted updrafts in their deep convection scheme to produce better MJO propagation. C1 [Lin, Jia-Lin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lin, Jia-Lin; Weickmann, Klaus M.; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Lin, Jia-Lin; Weickmann, Klaus M.; Kiladis, George N.] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Mapes, Brian E.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Schubert, Siegfried D.; Suarez, Max J.; Bacmeister, Julio T.; Lee, Myong-In] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bacmeister, Julio T.; Lee, Myong-In] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, 1105 Derby Hall,154 N Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.789@osu.edu RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010; OI Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624 NR 66 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2919 EP 2937 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1815.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320PG UT WOS:000257246700012 ER PT J AU L'Heureux, ML Higgins, RW AF L'Heureux, Michelle L. Higgins, R. Wayne TI Boreal winter links between the Madden-Julian oscillation and the Arctic oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE; ATLANTIC CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; NORTHERN WINTER; PRINCIPAL MODES; INDIAN-OCEAN; ZONAL INDEX; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB There is increasing evidence that the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) modifies the mid- to high-latitude circulation and, in particular, appears to have a relationship to the leading mode of extratropical variability, the Arctic Oscillation (AO). In this study, new insights into the observed similarities between the MJO and the AO are explored. It is shown that the eastward progression of the convectively active phase of the MJO is associated with a corresponding shift in the tendency and sign of the AO index. Moreover, the AO and the MJO share several analogous features not only in the global circulation, but also in surface temperature fields. Also, the AO is linked to a pattern of eastward-propagating MJO-like variability in the tropics that is partially reproduced in free runs of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) model. Finally, it is shown that the structure of the AO, as defined by the leading mode in the 1000-hPa geopotential height field, is significantly altered based on the phase of the MJO. C1 [L'Heureux, Michelle L.] NOAA, NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Dev Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20476 USA. RP L'Heureux, ML (reprint author), NOAA, NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Dev Branch, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20476 USA. EM michelle.lheureux@noaa.gov RI L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013 OI L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706 NR 35 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 12 BP 3040 EP 3050 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1955.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320PG UT WOS:000257246700019 ER PT J AU Bertness, KA Roshko, A Mansfield, LM Harvey, TE Sanford, NA AF Bertness, K. A. Roshko, A. Mansfield, L. M. Harvey, T. E. Sanford, N. A. TI Mechanism for spontaneous growth of GaN nanowires with molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting III-V materials ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ALGAN NANOCOLUMNS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NANOSTRUCTURES; LUMINESCENCE; POLAR; MBE AB Although most semiconductor nanowires are grown via the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, we present evidence that GaN nanowires form because of thermodynamically driven variations in surface sticking coefficients on different crystallographic planes under certain conditions in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Specifically, the wires nucleate spontaneously and then propagate because the sticking coefficient on the (0 0 0 1) c-plane is higher than that on the {1100} m-plane under conditions of high temperature (810-830 degrees C) and high N-2 overpressure. Elemental Ga droplets are unstable under these growth conditions and therefore cannot act as catalytic sites for nanowire growth. This conclusion is based on differences in morphology and growth conditions for GaN nanowires grown with and without catalysts, whether the catalysts are extrinsic metals or Ga droplets. The spontaneous MBE growth of GaN nanowires is therefore shown to be distinct in mechanism from that of the growth of most semiconductor nanowires. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bertness, K. A.; Roshko, A.; Mansfield, L. M.; Harvey, T. E.; Sanford, N. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Mail Stop 815-04325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM bertness@boulder.nist.gov NR 30 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 13 BP 3154 EP 3158 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.03.033 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 322CT UT WOS:000257353500005 ER PT J AU Myers, MJ Ylitalo, GM Krahn, MM Boyd, D Calkins, D Burkanov, V Atkinson, S AF Myers, Matthew J. Ylitalo, Gina M. Krahn, Margaret M. Boyd, Daryle Calkins, Don Burkanov, Vladimir Atkinson, Shannon TI Organochlorine contaminants in endangered Steller sea lion pups (Eumetopias jubatus) from western Alaska and the Russian Far East SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE organochlorines; contaminants; PCBs; DDTs; Steller sea lions; Eumetopias jubatus; marine mammals; pinnipeds ID CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; PHOCA-VITULINA; GREY SEALS; HARBOR; PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT AB Investigations into the cause of the Steller sea lion population decline have focused on numerous factors, including exposure to toxic contaminants such as organochlorines (OCs). OCs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), have been associated with various biological effects in marine mammals. We measured these compounds in whole blood of free-ranging Steller sea lion pups in order to determine the extent and magnitude of contamination across their geographical range. Of 212 pups analyzed for OCs, 76 pups (36 females and 40 males) were from western Alaska and the other 136 (63 females and 73 males) were from the Russian Far East. Concentrations of Sigma PCBs in the whole blood of pups from western Alaska ranged from 0.21 to 13 ng/g wet weight with a mean of 2.1 +/- 0.27 ng/g wet weight. In the Russian animals, Sigma PCB concentrations in the whole blood of pups ranged from 0.33 to 36 ng/g wet weight with a mean of 4.3 +/- 0.44 ng/g wet weight. Sigma DDT concentrations in the whole blood of pups from western Alaska ranged from 0.18 to 11 ng/g wet weight with a mean of 1.6 +/- 0.23 ng/g wet weight. In Russia, Sigma DDT in the whole blood of pups ranged from undetectable to 26 ng/g wet weight with a mean of 3.3 +/- 0.36 ng/gwet weight. Average OC concentrations were significantly higher in the blood of Russian animals compared to western Alaska (for PCBs and DDTs, p<0.001) and in both areas females had higher concentrations than males. Male pups from western Alaska had significantly lower levels of Sigma PCBs and Sigma DDT when compared to male pups from Russia (for PCBs and DDTs p<0.001). Female pups from western Alaska were significantly lower in Sigma PCBs than Russian female pups (for PCBs p = 0.009) as were female pups for Sigma DDT levels between areas (for DDTs p=0.026). OC contaminants data indicate that Steller sea lion pups have measurable concentrations of these synthetic chemicals. While any physiological effect and the specific role these chemicals may have in either the decline or the failure of the endangered Steller sea lion population to recover needs to be further investigated, this study indicates specific areas and animals that may be most at risk. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Myers, Matthew J.; Calkins, Don; Atkinson, Shannon] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Myers, Matthew J.; Atkinson, Shannon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Krahn, Margaret M.; Boyd, Daryle] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Nat Resources Consultants Inc, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. RP Atkinson, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, POB 730, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM shannon_atkinson@alaskasealife.org NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 396 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 315DO UT WOS:000256858300007 PM 18384839 ER PT J AU Maksymovych, P Dougherty, DB AF Maksymovych, Peter Dougherty, Daniel B. TI Molecular self-assembly guided by surface reconstruction: CH(3)SH monolayer on the Au(111) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE self-assembly; methanethiol; CH(3)SH; gold; scanning tunneling microscopy; real-time; surface diffusion ID SUPRAMOLECULAR CLUSTERS; SYSTEMS; ORGANIZATION; SUBSTRATE; NETWORKS; DOMAINS; STM AB Self-assembly of methanethiol (CH(3)SH) on Au(111) was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy at T < 150 K when the S-H bond is intact. The CH3SH monolayer assumes a commensurate structure with a [GRAPHICS] unit-cell. Only one of three possible azimuthal domains of the monolayer was observed with domain walls pinned at the rotational boundaries of the herringbone reconstruction. From a real-time observation of monolayer formation at T = 60 K we propose a phenomenological model for the growth of preferential domains, which is based on the interplay between molecular detachment from domain boundaries and anisotropic mass transport on the Au(111) surface due to its herringbone reconstruction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Maksymovych, Peter] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Maksymovych, Peter; Dougherty, Daniel B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Dougherty, Daniel B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maksymovych, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maksymovychp@ornl.gov RI Maksymovych, Petro/C-3922-2016 OI Maksymovych, Petro/0000-0003-0822-8459 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 12 BP 2017 EP 2024 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2008.03.047 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 324LE UT WOS:000257519300003 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF Dudowicz, J Freed, KF AF Douglas, Jack F. Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. TI Lattice model of equilibrium polymerization. VII. Understanding the role of "cooperativity" in self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID NONSYMMETRIC TRICRITICAL POINTS; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; NONIONIC MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS; HYBRID BILAYER-MEMBRANES; LIQUID PHASE-TRANSITION; BETA-CASEIN; LIVING POLYMERS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MONTE-CARLO; SEDIMENTATION EQUILIBRIUM AB Cooperativity is an emergent many-body phenomenon related to the degree to which elementary entities (particles, molecules, organisms) collectively interact to form larger scale structures. From the standpoint of a formal mean field description of chemical reactions, the cooperativity index m, describing the number of elements involved in this structural self-organization, is the order of the reaction. Thus, m for molecular self-assembly is the number of molecules in the final organized structure, e.g., spherical micelles. Although cooperativity is crucial for regulating the thermodynamics and dynamics of self-assembly, there is a limited understanding of this aspect of self-assembly. We analyze the cooperativity by calculating essential thermodynamic properties of the classical mth order reaction model of self-assembly (FAm model), including universal scaling functions describing the temperature and concentration dependence of the order parameter and average cluster size. The competition between self-assembly and phase separation is also described. We demonstrate that a sequential model of thermally activated equilibrium polymerization can quantitatively be related to the FAm model. Our analysis indicates that the essential requirement for "cooperative" self-assembly is the introduction of constraints (often nonlocal) acting on the individual assembly events to regulate the thermodynamic free energy landscape and, thus, the thermodynamic sharpness of the assembly transition. An effective value of m is defined for general self-assembly transitions, and we find a general tendency for self-assembly to become a true phase transition as m ->infinity. Finally, various quantitative measures of self-assembly cooperativity are discussed in order to identify experimental signatures of cooperativity in self-assembling systems and to provide a reliable metric for the degree of transition cooperativity. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov; freed@uchicago.edu NR 124 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 22 AR 224901 DI 10.1063/1.2909195 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 312XS UT WOS:000256706300050 PM 18554047 ER PT J AU Bieron, J Fischer, CF Jonsson, P Pyykko, P AF Bieron, Jacek Fischer, Charlotte Froese Jonsson, Per Pyykko, Pekka TI Comment on the magnetic dipole hyperfine interaction in the gold atom ground state SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCALAR RELATIVISTIC CALCULATIONS; DIRAC-FOCK CALCULATIONS; NOBLE-METAL ATOMS; KROLL-HESS METHOD; HARTREE-FOCK; CONFIGURATION; CONSTANTS; CHEMISTRY; ELEMENTS; PROGRAM AB The multiconfiguration Dirac - Hartree - Fock (MCDHF) model has been employed to calculate the magnetic dipole hyperfine constant A of the 5d(10)6s S-2(1/2) ground state of atomic gold. Electron correlation effects contribute more than 20% to the total value of A. We investigated the effects of single, double, and a subset of triple substitutions. The calculations reveal strong cancellations between one-, two- and three-particle correlation effects. It is demonstrated that in the case of the ground state of atomic gold the three-particle effects are comparable in size to the one- and two-particle ones. C1 [Bieron, Jacek] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fizyki Imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Bieron, Jacek; Fischer, Charlotte Froese] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jonsson, Per] Malmo Univ, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. [Pyykko, Pekka] Univ Helsinki, Dept Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Bieron, J (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fizyki Imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. EM Bieron@uj.edu.pl RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 11 AR 115002 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/41/11/115002 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 304ZQ UT WOS:000256148000004 ER PT J AU Alken, P Maus, S Emmert, J Drob, DP AF Alken, Patrick Maus, Stefan Emmert, John Drob, Douglas P. TI Improved horizontal wind model HWM07 enables estimation of equatorial ionospheric electric fields from satellite magnetic measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERE; MIDDLE AB Horizontal neutral winds play an important role in low-latitude ionospheric E and F-region dynamics. In particular, the zonal winds have strong effects on the local structure of the low-latitude ionospheric current system. Accurate wind specification is therefore essential for modeling these currents. In order to investigate the retrieval of eastward electric fields from satellite-derived equatorial electrojet (EEJ) profiles, we consider a provisional Horizontal Wind Model (HWM07) and its implications for the meridional structure of the EEJ. We find that EEJ current profiles predicted using HWM07 agree better with CHAMP magnetometer-derived current profiles than EEJ profiles predicted using the older HWM93 model. The improved wind model opens exciting new possibilities of determining the day-side eastward electric field in the equatorial ionosphere from satellite magnetic field measurements. C1 [Alken, Patrick; Maus, Stefan] NOAA E GC1, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Emmert, John; Drob, Douglas P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Alken, Patrick] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Alken, P (reprint author), NOAA E GC1, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM patrick.alken@noaa.gov RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 AR L11105 DI 10.1029/2008GL033580 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 314KV UT WOS:000256809200001 ER PT J AU Austin, J Tourpali, K Rozanov, E Akiyoshi, H Bekki, S Bodeker, G Bruhl, C Butchart, N Chipperfield, M Deushi, M Fomichev, VI Giorgetta, MA Gray, L Kodera, K Lott, F Manzini, E Marsh, D Matthes, K Nagashima, T Shibata, K Stolarski, RS Struthers, H Tian, W AF Austin, J. Tourpali, K. Rozanov, E. Akiyoshi, H. Bekki, S. Bodeker, G. Bruehl, C. Butchart, N. Chipperfield, M. Deushi, M. Fomichev, V. I. Giorgetta, M. A. Gray, L. Kodera, K. Lott, F. Manzini, E. Marsh, D. Matthes, K. Nagashima, T. Shibata, K. Stolarski, R. S. Struthers, H. Tian, W. TI Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of the solar cycle in ozone and temperature SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; INTERACTIVE CHEMISTRY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ART.; DEPLETION; RADIATION; TRANSPORT; IMPACT AB The 11-year solar cycles in ozone and temperature are examined using new simulations of coupled chemistry climate models. The results show a secondary maximum in stratospheric tropical ozone, in agreement with satellite observations and in contrast with most previously published simulations. The mean model response varies by up to about 2.5% in ozone and 0.8 K in temperature during a typical solar cycle, at the lower end of the observed ranges of peak responses. Neither the upper atmospheric effects of energetic particles nor the presence of the quasi biennial oscillation is necessary to simulate the lower stratospheric response in the observed low latitude ozone concentration. Comparisons are also made between model simulations and observed total column ozone. As in previous studies, the model simulations agree well with observations. For those models which cover the full temporal range 1960-2005, the ozone solar signal below 50 hPa changes substantially from the first two solar cycles to the last two solar cycles. Further investigation suggests that this difference is due to an aliasing between the sea surface temperatures and the solar cycle during the first part of the period. The relationship between these results and the overall structure in the tropical solar ozone response is discussed. Further understanding of solar processes requires improvement in the observations of the vertically varying and column integrated ozone. C1 [Austin, J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Tourpali, K.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, Thessaloniki 20006, Greece. [Rozanov, E.] PMOD WRC, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Rozanov, E.] IAC ETHZ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Akiyoshi, H.; Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. [Bekki, S.; Lott, F.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, SA IPSL, F-75252 Paris, France. [Bodeker, G.; Struthers, H.] NIWA, Omakau 9352, Central Otago, New Zealand. [Bruehl, C.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Butchart, N.] Met Off Climate Res Div, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Chipperfield, M.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Deushi, M.; Kodera, K.; Shibata, K.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Fomichev, V. I.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Giorgetta, M. A.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Gray, L.] Univ Reading, NCAS, Ctr Global Atmospher Modelling, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Kodera, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Manzini, E.] Inst Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. [Manzini, E.] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. [Marsh, D.; Matthes, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matthes, K.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. [Stolarski, R. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Austin, J (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.austin@noaa.gov RI Matthes, Katja/F-7361-2014; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Gray, Lesley/D-3610-2009; Tourpali, Kleareti/M-5269-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015 OI Matthes, Katja/0000-0003-1801-3072; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800 NR 70 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 13 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D11 AR D11306 DI 10.1029/2007JD009391 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314LQ UT WOS:000256811300005 ER PT J AU Marino, AM Boyer, V Lett, PD AF Marino, A. M. Boyer, V. Lett, P. D. TI Violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality in the macroscopic regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLASSICAL INEQUALITIES; QUANTUM; STATES; LIGHT AB We have observed a violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality in the macroscopic regime by more than 8 standard deviations. The violation has been obtained while filtering out only the low-frequency noise of the quantum-correlated beams that results from the technical noise of the laser used to generate them. We use bright intensity-difference squeezed beams produced by four-wave mixing as the source of the correlated fields. We also demonstrate that squeezing does not necessarily imply a violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marino, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 23 AR 233601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.233601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 312YK UT WOS:000256708100025 PM 18643497 ER PT J AU Stone, MB Lumsden, MD Chang, S Samulon, EC Batista, CD Fisher, IR AF Stone, M. B. Lumsden, M. D. Chang, S. Samulon, E. C. Batista, C. D. Fisher, I. R. TI Singlet-triplet dispersion reveals additional frustration in the triangular-lattice dimer compound Ba3Mn2O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; BA3CR2O8; TLCUCL3; FIELD AB We present single crystal inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the S=1 dimerized quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet Ba3Mn2O8. The singlet-triplet dispersion reveals nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions between adjacent bilayers that compete against each other. Although the interbilayer exchange is comparable to the intrabilayer exchange, this additional frustration reduces the effective coupling along the c axis and leads to a quasi-two-dimensional behavior. In addition, the obtained exchange values are able to reproduce the four critical fields in the phase diagram. C1 [Stone, M. B.; Lumsden, M. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chang, S.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Samulon, E. C.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford University, CA 94305 USA. [Samulon, E. C.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford University, CA 94305 USA. [Batista, C. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 23 AR 237201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.237201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 312YK UT WOS:000256708100066 PM 18643538 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Sabine, CL Hernandez-Ayon, JM Ianson, D Hales, B AF Feely, Richard A. Sabine, Christopher L. Hernandez-Ayon, J. Martin Ianson, Debby Hales, Burke TI Evidence for upwelling of corrosive "acidified" water onto the continental shelf SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; INORGANIC CARBON; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SYSTEM; CALCIFICATION; DISSOLUTION; CALIFORNIA; IMPACT AB The absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into the ocean lowers the pH of the waters. This so-called ocean acidification could have important consequences for marine ecosystems. To better understand the extent of this ocean acidification in coastal waters, we conducted hydrographic surveys along the continental shelf of western North America from central Canada to northern Mexico. We observed seawater that is undersaturated with respect to aragonite upwelling onto large portions of the continental shelf, reaching depths of similar to 40 to 120 meters along most transect lines and all the way to the surface on one transect off northern California. Although seasonal upwelling of the undersaturated waters onto the shelf is a natural phenomenon in this region, the ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 has increased the areal extent of the affected area. C1 [Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hernandez-Ayon, J. Martin] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Ianson, Debby] Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Feely, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM richard.a.feely@noaa.gov OI Ianson, Debby/0000-0001-8317-5196; Hernandez-Ayon, Jose Martin/0000-0001-6869-6225 NR 31 TC 549 Z9 563 U1 19 U2 265 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 13 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5882 BP 1490 EP 1492 DI 10.1126/science.1155676 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 312MV UT WOS:000256676400043 PM 18497259 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Fu, R Yu, HB Dickinson, RE Juarez, RN Chin, M Wang, H AF Zhang, Yan Fu, Rong Yu, Hongbin Dickinson, Robert E. Juarez, Robinson Negron Chin, Mian Wang, Hui TI A regional climate model study of how biomass burning aerosol impacts land-atmosphere interactions over the Amazon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MODIS RETRIEVALS; SOLAR-RADIATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTH-AMERICA; GOCART MODEL; SMOKE; VARIABILITY; CLOUDS; FOREST AB Ensemble simulations of a regional climate model assuming smoke aerosol in the Amazon suggest that dynamic changes of cloud cover contributes to the radiative effect of the smoke on the diurnal cycles of surface fluxes and the depth and structure of planetary boundary layer (PBL). In addition to their local effects, the aerosol radiative forcing also appears to weaken or delay the circulation transition from dry to wet season, leading to a weaker moisture transport into the smoke area where the aerosols optical depth, AOD, exceeds 0.3 and a stronger moisture transport and increase of cloudiness in the region upwind to the smoke area. The land surface scheme is modified to improve the regional climate model simulation of the daily mean and diurnal cycle of the surface sensible and latent heat fluxes over the Amazon rain forest. The aerosol radiative forcing is applied to the model during a dry to wet transition season (August-October) in that region. Cloudiness decreases in early afternoon due to the absorption of solar radiation by smoke aerosols partially compensate for the reduction of surface solar flux by aerosol scattering, shifting the strongest changes of surface flux and the PBL to late morning. The reduction of net solar radiation at the surface by smoke is locally largely compensated by reduction of surface sensible flux, with reduction of latent flux only about 30% as large. The strong aerosol absorption in the top 1 km of the aerosol layer stabilizes the 2 to 3 km layer immediately above the daytime PBL and consequently cloudiness decreases. This reduced surface solar flux and more stable lapse rate at the top of the PBL stabilize the lower troposphere. These changes lead to anomalous wind divergence in the southern Amazon and anomalous wind convergence over the equatorial western Amazon in the upwind direction of the smoke area. C1 [Zhang, Yan; Fu, Rong; Dickinson, Robert E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Chin, Mian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Juarez, Robinson Negron] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Wang, Hui] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Wyle Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yu, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM yan.zhang@gatech.edu RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008; Zhang, Yan/C-4792-2012; Fu, Rong/B-4922-2011; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008 OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575 NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 12 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14S15 DI 10.1029/2007JD009449 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314LT UT WOS:000256811600001 ER PT J AU de la Cruz, C Huang, Q Lynn, JW Li, JY Ratcliff, W Zarestky, JL Mook, HA Chen, GF Luo, JL Wang, NL Dai, PC AF de la Cruz, Clarina Huang, Q. Lynn, J. W. Li, Jiying Ratcliff, W., II Zarestky, J. L. Mook, H. A. Chen, G. F. Luo, J. L. Wang, N. L. Dai, Pengcheng TI Magnetic order close to superconductivity in the iron-based layered LaO(1-x)F(x)FeAs systems SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB Following the discovery of long- range antiferromagnetic order in the parent compounds of high- transition- temperature ( high- T(c)) copper oxides(1,2), there have been efforts to understand the role of magnetism in the superconductivity that occurs when mobile 'electrons' or 'holes' are doped into the antiferromagnetic parent compounds. Superconductivity in the newly discovered rare- earth iron- based oxide systems ROFeAs ( R, rare- earth metal) also arises from either electron(3-7) or hole(8) doping of their non- superconducting parent compounds. The parent material LaOFeAs is metallic but shows anomalies near 150 K in both resistivity and d. c. magnetic susceptibility(3). Although optical conductivity and theoretical calculations suggest that LaOFeAs exhibits a spin- density- wave ( SDW) instability that is suppressed by doping with electrons to induce superconductivity(9), there has been no direct evidence of SDW order. Here we report neutron- scattering experiments that demonstrate that LaOFeAs undergoes an abrupt structural distortion below 155 K, changing the symmetry from tetragonal ( space group P4/ nmm) to monoclinic ( space group P112/ n) at low temperatures, and then, at similar to 137 K, develops long- range SDW- type antiferromagnetic order with a small moment but simple magnetic structure(9). Doping the system with fluorine suppresses both the magnetic order and the structural distortion in favour of superconductivity. Therefore, like high- T(c) copper oxides, the superconducting regime in these iron- based materials occurs in close proximity to a long- range- ordered antiferromagnetic ground state. C1 [de la Cruz, Clarina; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [de la Cruz, Clarina; Mook, H. A.; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.; Li, Jiying; Ratcliff, W., II] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Jiying] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zarestky, J. L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zarestky, J. L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chen, G. F.; Luo, J. L.; Wang, N. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; dela Cruz, Clarina/C-2747-2013 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; dela Cruz, Clarina/0000-0003-4233-2145 NR 17 TC 1441 Z9 1442 U1 33 U2 281 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 12 PY 2008 VL 453 IS 7197 BP 899 EP 902 DI 10.1038/nature07057 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 311WV UT WOS:000256632000038 PM 18509333 ER PT J AU Kepko, L Raeder, J Angelopoulos, V McFadden, J Larson, D Auster, HU Magnes, W Frey, HU Carlson, C Henderson, M Mende, SB Yumoto, K Singer, HJ Parks, G Mann, I Russell, CT Donovan, E McPherron, R AF Kepko, L. Raeder, J. Angelopoulos, V. McFadden, J. Larson, D. Auster, H. U. Magnes, W. Frey, H. U. Carlson, C. Henderson, M. Mende, S. B. Yumoto, K. Singer, H. J. Parks, G. Mann, I. Russell, C. T. Donovan, E. McPherron, R. TI Highly periodic stormtime activations observed by THEMIS prior to substorm onset SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLEWARD BOUNDARY INTENSIFICATIONS; PULSATIONS AB On March 24, 2007 THEMIS observed near the dusk flank several 10 minute quasi-periodic flow and magnetic field oscillations followed by the onset of a strong substorm (AL similar to -1000 nT). The substorm occurred during an interval of strongly southward IMF, near the start of the recovery phase of a small storm (SYM-H near -80 nT). Each magnetic oscillation was accompanied by a rapid flow variation, auroral intensification, energetic particle injection, and Pi2 pulsations. For several hours both prior to and following the substorm THEMIS observed highly periodic flow oscillations, with the same 10 minute periodicity. The average of these flow oscillations was non-zero and positive, indicating net sunward transport. We suggest that the long interval of oscillatory flow constituted a periodic convective mode of the magnetosphere, and further suggest that the quasi-periodic activations were associated with reconnection near the THEMIS location. C1 [Kepko, L.; Raeder, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03842 USA. [Angelopoulos, V.; McFadden, J.; Larson, D.; Frey, H. U.; Carlson, C.; Mende, S. B.; Parks, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frey, H. U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Magnes, W.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Henderson, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Yumoto, K.] Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mann, I.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. [Russell, C. T.; McPherron, R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Kepko, L (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Morse Hall,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03842 USA. EM larry.kepko@unh.edu RI Kepko, Larry/D-7747-2012; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; OI Kepko, Larry/0000-0002-4911-8208; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 17 AR L17S24 DI 10.1029/2008GL034235 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 314LA UT WOS:000256809700002 ER PT J AU Ehlers, G Mamontov, E Zamponi, M Faraone, A Qiu, Y Cornelius, AL Booth, CH Kam, KC Le Toquin, R Cheetham, AK Gardner, JS AF Ehlers, G. Mamontov, E. Zamponi, M. Faraone, A. Qiu, Y. Cornelius, A. L. Booth, C. H. Kam, K. C. Le Toquin, R. Cheetham, A. K. Gardner, J. S. TI Frustrated spin correlations in diluted spin ice Ho(2-x)La(x)Ti(2)O(7) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; POWDER DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON; PYROCHLORES; HO2TI2O7; SPECTRA AB We have studied the evolution of the structural properties as well as the static and dynamic spin correlations of spin ice Ho(2)Ti(2)O(7), where Ho was partially replaced by non-magnetic La. The crystal structure of diluted samples Ho(2-x)La(x)Ti(2)O(7) was characterized by x-ray and neutron diffraction and by Ho L(III)-edge and Ti K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. It is found that the pyrochlore structure remains intact until about x = 0.3, but a systematic increase in local disorder with increasing La concentration is observed in the EXAFS data, especially from the Ti K edge. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering and ac susceptibility measurements show that, in x <= 0.4 samples at temperatures above macroscopic freezing, the spin -spin correlations are short ranged and dynamic in nature. The main difference with pure spin ice in the dynamics is the appearance of a second, faster, relaxation process. C1 [Ehlers, G.; Mamontov, E.; Zamponi, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zamponi, M.] FZ Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Faraone, A.; Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Faraone, A.; Qiu, Y.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cornelius, A. L.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Booth, C. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kam, K. C.; Le Toquin, R.; Cheetham, A. K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Ehlers, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 8600, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ehlersg@ornl.gov RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 23 AR 235206 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/23/235206 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 305IX UT WOS:000256172800008 PM 21694297 ER PT J AU McQueen, TM West, DV Muegge, B Huang, Q Noble, K Zandbergen, HW Cava, RJ AF McQueen, T. M. West, D. V. Muegge, B. Huang, Q. Noble, K. Zandbergen, H. W. Cava, R. J. TI Frustrated ferroelectricity in niobate pyrochlores SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; ICE; CALNNB(2)O(7); DIFFRACTION; DISORDER; SYSTEM; IONS AB The crystal structures of the A(2)B(2)O(7-x) niobium based pyrochlores Y(2)(Nb(0.86)Y(0.14))(2)O(6.91), CaYNb(2)O(7), and Y(2)NbTiO(7) are reported, determined by means of powder neutron diffraction. These compounds represent the first observation of B-site displacements in the pyrochlore structure: the B-site ions are found to be displaced from the ideal pyrochlore positions, creating electric dipoles. The orientations of these dipoles are fully analogous to orientations of the magnetic moments in Ising spin based magnetically frustrated pyrochlores. Diffuse scattering in electron diffraction patterns shows that the displacements are only short range ordered, indicative of geometric frustration of the collective dielectric state of the materials. Comparison to the crystal structure of the Nb(5+) (d(0)) pyrochlore La(2)ScNbO(7) supports the prediction that charge singlets, driven by the tendency of Nb to form metal -metal bonds, are present in these pyrochlores. The observed lack of long range order to these singlets suggests that Nb(4+) based pyrochlores represent the dielectric analogy to the geometric frustration of magnetic moments observed in rare earth pyrochlores. C1 [McQueen, T. M.; West, D. V.; Muegge, B.; Noble, K.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zandbergen, H. W.] Deflt Univ Technol, Dept Nanosci, Delft, Netherlands. RP McQueen, TM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 23 AR 235210 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/23/235210 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 305IX UT WOS:000256172800012 PM 21694301 ER PT J AU Villano, SM Eyet, N Lineberger, WC Bierbaum, VM AF Villano, Stephanie M. Eyet, Nicole Lineberger, W. Carl Bierbaum, Veronica M. TI Gas-phase carbene radical anions: New mechanistic insights SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE HEATS; CHEMISTRY; METHANES AB The gas-phase reactivity of the CHCl center dot- anion has been investigated with a series of halomethanes (CCl4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, and CH3Cl) using a FA-SIFT instrument. Results show that this anion primarily reacts via substitution and by proton transfer. In addition, the reactions of CHCl center dot- with CHCl3 and CH2Cl2 form minor amounts of Cl-2(center dot-) and Cl-. The isotopic distribution of these two products is consistent with an insertion-elimination mechanism, where the anion inserts into a C-Cl bond to form an unstable intermediate, which eliminates either Cl-2(center dot-) or Cl- and Cl-center dot. Neutral and cationic carbenes are known to insert into single bonds; however, this is the first observation of such reactivity for carbene anions. C1 [Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bierbaum, VM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM veronica.bierbaum@colorado.edu NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 23 BP 7214 EP + DI 10.1021/ja801819b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 310SN UT WOS:000256550600024 PM 18481846 ER PT J AU Stan, G Cook, RF AF Stan, G. Cook, R. F. TI Mapping the elastic properties of granular Au films by contact resonance atomic force microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; CARBON NANOTUBES; CANTILEVERS; FREQUENCY; MODULI AB Endowed with nanoscale spatial resolution, contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) provides extremely localized elastic property measurements. We advance here the applicability of CR-AFM on surfaces with nanosize features by considering the topography contribution to the CR-AFM signal. On nanosize granular Au films, the elastic modulus at the grain scale has been mapped out by considering a self-consistent deconvolution of the contact geometry effect in the CR-AFM image. Significant variation in the contact area over granular topography arises as the probe is either in single- or multiple-asperity contact with the surface. Consequently, in extracting the elastic modulus from CR-AFM measurements on granular surfaces we considered both the normal and lateral couplings established through multiple-asperity contacts between the tip and the surface. Thus, by appropriately considering the change in the contact mechanics during CR-AFM imaging, variations in the elastic modulus have been revealed in the intergrain regions as well as across individual grains. C1 [Stan, G.; Cook, R. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 23 AR 235701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/23/235701 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 298BZ UT WOS:000255662700025 PM 21825800 ER PT J AU Zhao, MH Sharma, V Wei, HY Birge, RR Stuart, JA Papadimitrakopoulos, F Huey, BD AF Zhao, Minhua Sharma, Vaneet Wei, Haoyan Birge, Robert R. Stuart, Jeffrey A. Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios Huey, Bryan D. TI Ultrasharp and high aspect ratio carbon nanotube atomic force microscopy probes for enhanced surface potential imaging SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; KELVIN PROBE; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; SCALE VARIATIONS; RESOLUTION; DEPOSITION; INTERFACE; TIP; AFM; BACTERIORHODOPSIN AB The resolution of scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM) is mainly limited by non-local electrostatic interactions due to the finite probe size. Here we present high resolution surface potential imaging with ultrasharp and high aspect ratio carbon nanotube (CNT) atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes fabricated via dielectrophoresis. Enhancement of surface potential contrast by several factors is reported for integrated circuit structures and purple membrane fragments for these CNT AFM probes as compared to conventional probes. In particular, ultrahigh lateral resolution (similar to 2 nm) surface potential images of self- assembled bacteriorhodopsin proteins are reported at ambient conditions, with the implication of label- free protein detection by SSPM techniques. C1 [Zhao, Minhua; Sharma, Vaneet; Wei, Haoyan; Birge, Robert R.; Stuart, Jeffrey A.; Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios; Huey, Bryan D.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RP Zhao, MH (reprint author), NIST, Natl Res Council, NIH, Joint Res Associateship Programs, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM minhua.zhao@nist.gov; bhuey@ims.uconn.edu RI Zhao, Minhua/A-6678-2009; Wei, Haoyan/B-3779-2008; Huey, Bryan/G-7512-2014 OI Zhao, Minhua/0000-0003-4880-1010; Huey, Bryan/0000-0002-1441-1180 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 23 AR 235704 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/23/235704 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 298BZ UT WOS:000255662700028 PM 21825803 ER PT J AU Hanasoge, SM Birch, AC Bogdan, TJ Gizon, L AF Hanasoge, S. M. Birch, A. C. Bogdan, T. J. Gizon, L. TI f-mode interactions with thin flux tubes: The scattering matrix SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; Sun : helioseismology; Sun : interior; Sun : oscillations; waves ID TIME-DISTANCE HELIOSEISMOLOGY; P-MODES; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; SUNSPOTS; APPROXIMATION; HOLOGRAPHY; ABSORPTION AB We calculate the scattering effects associated with the interaction of a surface gravity or f-mode with a thin magnetic flux tube embedded in a realistically stratified medium. We find that the dominant scattered wave is an f-mode with amplitude and phase of 1.17% and around 50 degrees relative to the incident wave, compared to the values of 0.13% and 40 degrees estimated from observations. The extent of scattering into high-order acoustic p-modes is too weak to be accurately characterized. We recover the result that the degree of scattering is enhanced as ( 1) the frequency of the incident wave increases and ( 2) the flux tube becomes magnetically dominated. C1 [Hanasoge, S. M.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Labs, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Birch, A. C.] NW Res Associates Inc, Colorado Res Associates Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Bogdan, T. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gizon, L.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Hanasoge, SM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Labs, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Gizon, Laurent/B-9457-2008; Hanasoge, Shravan/B-3199-2009 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 774 EP 780 DI 10.1086/587455 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800065 ER PT J AU Kocharov, L Pizzo, VJ Zwickl, RD Valtonen, E AF Kocharov, L. Pizzo, V. J. Zwickl, R. D. Valtonen, E. TI A new approach to interplanetary transport of solar energetic particles in impulsive events SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; solar wind; Sun : particle emission ID ADIABATIC DECELERATION; COMPRESSION REGIONS; WIND; PROPAGATION; INJECTION AB Impulsive, He-3-rich events originate close to the interface between slow solar wind overlying active regions and a faster solar wind coming from small coronal holes. This causes large-scale magnetic compressions to be an interplanetary environment for solar energetic particle (SEP) transport in impulsive events, which is typically ignored by SEP modelers. We have modeled SEP transport in a simplified corotating solar wind structure to estimate the possible effect of the rising wind speed on particle anisotropy and spectra at 1 AU. Along with traditional modeling of SEP transport in the static magnetic field and the field-aligned solar wind flow of the corotating frame of reference, we have formulated and tested a new model that is the first model of focused transport applicable to a general case of SEP propagation in realistic, dynamic, and structured solar wind. Numerical modeling shows that a fast increase of the wind speed by only 200 km s(-1) can strongly affect the SEP flux anisotropy at 1 AU. Accurate analysis of impulsive SEP events can be done with the use of solar wind data, SEP flux anisotropy measurements, and the new approach that accounts for the solar wind structures associated with the sources of impulsive events and uses the general solution of the focused transport problem applicable to SEPs in realistic solar wind. C1 [Kocharov, L.; Pizzo, V. J.; Zwickl, R. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Valtonen, E.] Univ Turku, Space Res Lab, Dept Phys, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. RP Kocharov, L (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP L69 EP L72 DI 10.1086/589829 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DX UT WOS:000256722400018 ER PT J AU Xiao, SJ Hollberg, L Newbury, NR Diddams, SA AF Xiao, Shijun Hollberg, Leo Newbury, Nathan R. Diddams, Scott A. TI Toward a low-jitter 10 GHz pulsed source with an optical frequency comb generator SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PEROT ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR AB We demonstrate low residual timing jitter of 10 GHz pulses from a 1.55 mu m optical frequency comb generator based on a doubly-resonant electrooptic modulator. The pulse timing jitter is analyzed, and we illustrate that the pump laser's linewidth plays a dominant role in the timing jitter. For Fourier frequencies from 1 Hz to 10 MHz, integrated residual timing jitter at 10 GHz was reduced from similar to 94 fs to similar to 8 fs when the pump laser's linewidth was reduced from similar to 10 MHz to similar to 1 kHz. An electronic servo was used to stabilize the operation point of the comb generator. With the servo, the integrated residual timing jitter was further reduced to similar to 6 fs, and the corresponding residual phase noise power density is -105 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz frequency offset from the 10 GHz pulse carrier. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Xiao, Shijun; Hollberg, Leo; Newbury, Nathan R.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Xiao, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 35 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sxiao@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 9 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 12 BP 8498 EP 8508 DI 10.1364/OE.16.008498 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 315ED UT WOS:000256859900019 PM 18545564 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, A Mountain, R AF Ben-Naim, Arieh Mountain, Raymond TI Pair correlation functions in mixtures of Lennard-Jones particles SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; HARD SPHERES; EQUATION AB The pair correlation functions for a mixture of two Lennard-Jones particles were computed by both the Percus-Yevick equations and by molecular dynamics. The changes in the pair correlation function resulting from changes in the composition of the mixtures are quite unexpected. Essentially, identical changes are obtained from the Percus-Yevick equations and from molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular reason for this unexpected behavior is discussed. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ben-Naim, Arieh; Mountain, Raymond] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ben-Naim, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM arieh@fh.huji.ac.il NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 21 AR 214504 DI 10.1063/1.2931940 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 310KJ UT WOS:000256527500023 PM 18537430 ER PT J AU Swallen, SF Kearns, KL Satija, S Traynor, K McMahon, RJ Ediger, MD AF Swallen, Stephen F. Kearns, Kenneth L. Satija, Sushil Traynor, Katherine McMahon, Robert J. Ediger, M. D. TI Molecular view of the isothermal transformation of a stable glass to a liquid SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; FICKIAN DIFFUSION; NAPHTHYLBENZENE; TRANSITION; INTERFACE; CRYSTALS; FILMS AB We have used neutron reflectivity to measure translational motion on the nanometer length scale in exceptionally stable glasses of tris(naphthylbenzene). These glasses are prepared by vapor deposition onto a substrate held somewhat below the glass transition temperature (T(g)=342 K). When the most stable samples are annealed at 345 K, no translational motion is observed on the 12 nm length scale for over 10 000 s and full mixing requires more than 60 000 s. For comparison, the equilibrium supercooled liquid mixes in 1000 s at this temperature and on this length scale. These measurements provide insight into the mechanism by which a stable glass transforms into a liquid. "Melting" of the stable glass appears to occur by the growth of liquid regions into the surrounding glassy matrix, perhaps by a surface-initiated growth process. At 345 K, translational motion in the stable glass is at least 100 times slower than motion in the supercooled liquid. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Swallen, Stephen F.; Kearns, Kenneth L.; Traynor, Katherine; McMahon, Robert J.; Ediger, M. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Satija, Sushil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Swallen, SF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Ediger@chem.wisc.edu NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 21 AR 214514 DI 10.1063/1.2919570 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 310KJ UT WOS:000256527500033 PM 18537440 ER PT J AU Karmalkar, AV Bradley, RS Diaz, HF AF Karmalkar, A. V. Bradley, R. S. Diaz, H. F. TI Climate change scenario for Costa Rican montane forests SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ANDES; CLOUD FORESTS; INDICATORS; TRENDS AB Tropical montane cloud forests are characterized by persistent immersion in clouds, an important source of moisture during the dry season. Future changes in temperature and precipitation could alter cloud cover at the vegetation level and seriously affect mountain ecosystems. A regional climate modeling study that focuses on changes in the distributions of temperature and precipitation in Costa Rica shows, in general, an increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation under the A2 scenario. At high elevations, warming is amplified and future temperature distribution lies outside the range of present-day distribution. Compared to the Caribbean side, temperature changes are greater at high elevations on the Pacific side. Model results also show significant changes in precipitation amounts and variability and an increase in the altitude of cloud formation on the Pacific side that may have serious implications for mountain ecosystems in and around Costa Rica. C1 [Karmalkar, A. V.; Bradley, R. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Diaz, H. F.] NOAA, OAR, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Karmalkar, AV (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM ambarish@geo.umass.edu; rbradley@geo.umass.edu; henry.f.diaz@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 AR L11702 DI 10.1029/2008GL033940 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 310VO UT WOS:000256559000003 ER PT J AU Augustine, JA Hodges, GB Dutton, EG Michalsky, JJ Cornwall, CR AF Augustine, John A. Hodges, Gary B. Dutton, Ellsworth G. Michalsky, Joseph J. Cornwall, Christopher R. TI An aerosol optical depth climatology for NOAA's national surface radiation budget network (SURFRAD) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SOLAR-RADIATION AB A series of algorithms developed to process spectral solar measurements for aerosol optical depth ( AOD) for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ( NOAA) national surface radiation budget network ( SURFRAD) is summarized, and decadal results are presented. AOD is a measure of the extinction of the Sun's beam due to aerosols. Daily files of AOD for five spectral measurements in the visible and near-infrared have been produced for 1997-2006. Comparisons of SURFRAD daily AOD averages to NASA's Aerosol Robotic Network product at two of the stations were generally good. An AOD climatology for each SURFRAD station is presented as an annual time series of composite monthly means that represents a typical intra-annual AOD variation. Results are similar to previous U. S. climatologies in that the highest AOD magnitude and greatest variability occur in summer, the lowest AOD levels are in winter, and geographically, the highest-magnitude AOD is in the eastern United States. Springtime Asian dust intrusions show up as a secondary maximum at the western stations. A time series of nationwide annual means shows that 500-nm AOD has decreased over the United States by about 0.02 AOD units over the 10-year period. However, this decline is not statistically significant nor geographically consistent within the country. The eastern U. S. stations and westernmost station at Desert Rock, Nevada, show decreasing AOD, whereas the other two western stations show an increase that is attributed to an upsurge in wildfire activity in the last half of the decade. C1 [Augustine, John A.; Hodges, Gary B.; Dutton, Ellsworth G.; Michalsky, Joseph J.; Cornwall, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hodges, Gary B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Augustine, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.a.augustine@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D11 AR D11204 DI 10.1029/2007JD009504 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310WH UT WOS:000256561000007 ER PT J AU Chen, SH Dudhia, J Kain, JS Kindap, T Tan, E AF Chen, S. -H. Dudhia, J. Kain, J. S. Kindap, T. Tan, E. TI Development of the online MM5 tracer model and its applications to air pollution episodes in Istanbul, Turkey and Sahara dust transport SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; MINERAL DUST; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; GOCART MODEL; DESERT DUST; LAYER; ATLANTIC; EUROPE; SOIL; SPECTROMETER AB An online tracer model, based on the fifth-generation Penn State/ NCAR Mesoscale model, was developed. The new model includes full representation of processes for advection, boundary layer mixing, subgrid cumulus convective mixing, and sedimentation of tracers. The model was used in two very different applications to document its potential utility. The first application involves pollutant transport to Istanbul, Turkey, focusing on two high-pollution episodes in January 2002. To better maintain large scale features, model simulations were nudged to reanalysis for this application. Using a semi-idealized approach, it was shown that much of the pollution that affected Istanbul during these events may have come from other highly polluted cities located upstream, rather than just local emission sources. Pollutants from upstream sources were trapped in the boundary layer by statically stable low-level conditions and efficient transport to Istanbul was supported by strong northwesterly flow near the surface. The second application involves the transport of dust from the Sahara Desert to the Atlantic Ocean, and the potential role of this dust and the dry, warm Saharan Air Layer ( SAL) in the genesis and development of Tropical Storm Chantal in 2001. No nudging was applied to this case study since it may degrade small scale features, which were important to dust saltation. The dust uplifting and transport during the earlier period of Chantal's life cycle were simulated to show a potential link between Sahara dust and Chantal's evolution. Results show strong evidence that Chantal started interacting with SAL and dust at a very early stage of storm development after propagating into the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, it was found that the peak of the averaged surface dust flux occurred in the early morning right before the mixed boundary layer developed, and the mechanism of dust uptake for this event, nocturnal low-level jets, was different from those previously documented. C1 [Chen, S. -H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chen, S. -H.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Dudhia, J.] NCAR, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kain, J. S.] Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kindap, T.] Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. [Tan, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tan, E.] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Meteorol Engn, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM shachen@ucdavis.edu RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; Tan, Elcin/0000-0001-7677-6073 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D11 AR D11203 DI 10.1029/2007JD009244 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310WH UT WOS:000256561000004 ER PT J AU Decharme, B Douville, H Prigent, C Papa, F Aires, F AF Decharme, B. Douville, H. Prigent, C. Papa, F. Aires, F. TI A new river flooding scheme for global climate applications: Off-line evaluation over South America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE; SUBGRID HYDROLOGY; SIMULATION; METHANE; WATER; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; WETLANDS; IMPACT AB Given their strong interaction with both climate and the carbon cycle, wetlands and surface waters need to be parameterized in global general circulation models. For this purpose, a new simple flooding river scheme is proposed and evaluated over South America. The flood dynamics is described through the coupling between the ISBA land surface model and the TRIP river routing model including a prognostic flood reservoir. This reservoir fills when the river height exceeds a critical value and vice versa. The reservoir interacts with the soil hydrology through infiltration and with the overlying atmosphere through precipitation interception and free water surface evaporation. The model is tested in off-line mode using the 10-year ISLSCP-2 atmospheric forcing. The evaluation is made against satellite-derived inundation estimates as well as in situ river discharge observations. Besides a basin-scale increase in annual surface evaporation, the results show improved monthly discharges over the Amazon and Parana rivers, as well as a reasonable agreement between the simulated flooded areas and satellite-derived inundation estimates. C1 [Decharme, B.; Douville, H.] Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Prigent, C.] Observ Paris, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Papa, F.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Aires, F.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IPSL, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. RP Decharme, B (reprint author), Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, 42 Ave G Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. EM bertrand.decharme@cnrm.meteo.fr RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009 OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253 NR 34 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D11 AR D11110 DI 10.1029/2007JD009376 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310WH UT WOS:000256561000005 ER PT J AU Shindell, DT Levy, H Schwarzkopf, MD Horowitz, LW Lamarque, JF Faluvegi, G AF Shindell, Drew T. Levy, Hiram, II Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel Horowitz, Larry W. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Faluvegi, Greg TI Multimodel projections of climate change from short-lived emissions due to human activities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GISS MODELE; AEROSOL; SIMULATIONS; METHANE; PREINDUSTRIAL; SENSITIVITY; FORMULATION; SATELLITE AB We use the GISS ( Goddard Institute for Space Studies), GFDL ( Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) and NCAR ( National Center for Atmospheric Research) climate models to study the climate impact of the future evolution of short-lived radiatively active species ( ozone and aerosols). The models used mid-range A1B emission scenarios, independently calculated the resulting composition change, and then performed transient simulations to 2050 examining the response to projected changes in short-lived species and to changes in both long-lived and short-lived species together. By 2050, two models show that the global mean annual average warming due to long-lived GHGs ( greenhouse gases) is enhanced by 20-25% due to the radiatively active short-lived species. One model shows virtually no effect from short-lived species. Intermodel differences are largely related to differences in emissions projections for short-lived species, which are substantial even for a particular storyline. For aerosols, these uncertainties are usually dominant, though for sulfate uncertainties in aerosol physics are also substantial. For tropospheric ozone, uncertainties in physical processes are more important than uncertainties in precursor emissions. Differences in future atmospheric burdens and radiative forcing for aerosols are dominated by divergent assumptions about emissions from South and East Asia. In all three models, the spatial distribution of radiative forcing is less important than that of climate sensitivity in predicting climate impact. Both short-lived and long-lived species appear to cause enhanced climate responses in the same regions of high sensitivity rather than short-lived species having an enhanced effect primarily near polluted areas. Since short-lived species can significantly influence climate, regional air quality emission control strategies for short-lived pollutants may substantially impact climate over large ( e. g., hemispheric) scales. C1 [Shindell, Drew T.; Faluvegi, Greg] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Levy, Hiram, II; Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel; Horowitz, Larry W.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Shindell, DT (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM dshindell@giss.nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074 NR 48 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D11 AR D11109 DI 10.1029/2007JD009152 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310WH UT WOS:000256561000001 ER PT J AU Porto, JV AF Porto, J. V. TI Physics - Improving correlations despite particle loss SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Porto, JV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM trey@nist.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5881 BP 1300 EP 1301 DI 10.1126/science.1159748 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 309DO UT WOS:000256441100031 PM 18535233 ER PT J AU Wright, IC Chadwick, WW de Ronde, CEJ Reymond, D Hyvernaud, O Gennerich, HH Stoffers, P Mackay, K Dunkin, MA Bannister, SC AF Wright, Ian C. Chadwick, William W., Jr. de Ronde, Cornel E. J. Reymond, Dominique Hyvernaud, Olivier Gennerich, Hans-Hermann Stoffers, Peter Mackay, Kevin Dunkin, Miles A. Bannister, Stephen C. TI Collapse and reconstruction of Monowai submarine volcano, Kermadec arc, 1998-2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; EAST MARIANA RIDGES; NEW-ZEALAND; SUBMERSIBLE OBSERVATIONS; HYDROACOUSTIC DETECTION; ANATAHAN VOLCANO; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; COAXIAL SEGMENT; PACIFIC RISE; SOUTH HONSHU AB Monowai submarine volcano is one of the three most historically active volcanoes of the Kermadec arc. Repeat multibeam surveys of Monowai Cone from September 1998 and September 2004 and T wave data recorded by the Reseau Sismique Polynesien network for the same period document the collapse and subsequent regrowth of the cone within this 6-a period. Grid differencing of the two bathymetric data sets, acquired 6 a apart, reveals that a landslide similar to 2230 m long occurred between the surveys, within which a postcollapse cone and talus ridge (similar to 0.023 km(3) in volume) subsequently formed. The volume of this collapse, minus postcollapse construction, is similar to 0.085 km(3). We interpret an unusual, strong-amplitude T wave event on 24 May 2002 as recording "hot landsliding'', where the 100- to 160-m-thick collapse has "unroofed'' the uppermost parts of the vent conduit, with the subsequent explosive interaction, and cooling, of hot magma and volcaniclastic rubble with ambient seawater. This interpretation is consistent with the lack of emergent events, sharp onset, and large amplitude of the 24 May 2002 T waves. The subsequent >2500 T wave events, between November 2002 and September 2004, occurred in swarms with emerging and waning activity and with typical explosive volcanic acoustic signatures, which are interpreted as recording the regrowth of an similar to 90-m-high cone back to a near-1998 elevation, at an average rate of 47 m a(-1). This study provides (1) a lower bound for frequency-magnitude relationships of landsliding for submarine arc volcanoes and (2) estimates of 0.013 km(3) a(-1) of submarine cone growth during eruptive cycles. C1 [Wright, Ian C.; Mackay, Kevin; Dunkin, Miles A.] NIWA, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Chadwick, William W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Bannister, Stephen C.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. [Reymond, Dominique; Hyvernaud, Olivier] Commissariat Energie Atom, Lab Detect & Geophys, F-98713 Papeete, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Gennerich, Hans-Hermann] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Stoffers, Peter] Univ Kiel, Inst Geosci, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. RP Wright, IC (reprint author), NIWA, POB 14-901, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. EM i.wright@niwa.cri.nz RI Wright, Ian/B-9643-2008; OI Wright, Ian/0000-0002-6660-0493; Bannister, Stephen/0000-0002-2125-0506 NR 72 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 5 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08S03 DI 10.1029/2007JB005138 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 310YM UT WOS:000256566900001 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Yildirim, T AF Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner TI Nature and tunability of enhanced hydrogen binding in metal-organic frameworks with exposed transition metal sites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID H-2; STORAGE AB Metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds with exposed transition-metal (TM) sites were recently found to exhibit significantly larger experimental heats of adsorption of H-2 than classical MOFs, thus attracting greater attention. Here we show that the hydrogen binding in Mn4Cl-MOF is not of the expected Kubas type because there is (a) no significant charge transfer from TM to H-2, (b) no evidence of any H-2-sigma* Mn-d orbital hybridization, (c) no significant H-H bond elongation, and (d) no significant shift in H-H stretching mode frequency. We make predictions for the magnetic superexchange interactions in Mn4Cl-MOF and determined low- and high-spin states of the Mn ion as local minima with very different hydrogen binding energies. We show that, by replacing Cl with F or Br, one can tune the H2 binding energy. We further reveal that the major contribution to the overall binding comes from the classical Coulomb interaction which is not screened due to the open-metal site and explains the relatively high binding energies and short H-2-TM distances observed in MOFs with exposed metal sites compared to traditional ones. Finally, we show that the orientation of H-2 has a surprisingly large effect on the binding potential, reducing the classical binding energy by almost 30%. C1 [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; NR 16 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 5 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 22 BP 8132 EP 8135 DI 10.1021/jp803350y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 306RI UT WOS:000256265100007 ER PT J AU Dalosto, SD Levine, ZH AF Dalosto, Sergio D. Levine, Zachary H. TI Controlling the band gap in zigzag graphene nanoribbons with an electric field induced by a polar molecule SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; INSULATORS AB Graphene nanoribbons with both armchair- and zigzag-shaped hydrogen-passivated edges (AGNR and ZGNR) have band gaps which depend on the width of the ribbon. In particular, a ZGNR has localized electronic states at the edge which decay exponentially toward the center of the ribbon. Interestingly, application of a uniform external electric field (E-ext) in the direction perpendicular to the edge of a ZGNR is capable of reducing the band gap for one spin state (beta) and opens the other spin state (alpha). Moreover, for a critical E-ext the ZGNR becomes half-metallic. In the case of an 8-chain zigzag ribbon, the critical Ex, is 2 V/nm within the local spin density approximation. Motivated by these findings, we study the influence on the gap of the electric field produced by a polar ad-molecule to the surface of an 8-zigzag ribbon. The formula units of the ad-molecules that we studied are NH3(CH)(6)CO2 and NH3(CH)(10)CO2. We show that within the generalized gradient approximation the band gap of 0.52 eV without ad-molecule is reduced to 0.27 eV for the beta-spin state and increased to 0.69 eV for the alpha-spin state. Also, combining the ad-molecule and E-ext = 1 V/nm parallel to the dipole moment of the ad-molecule induces a reduction of the beta-spin band gap and an increase for the alpha-spin band gap. For E-ext = -1 V/nm, antiparallel to the dipole moment of the ad-molecule, the band gap for both spin states is similar to the case without ad-molecule and E-ext. These results suggest possible uses for the graphene nanoribbons as sensors or switching devices. C1 [Dalosto, Sergio D.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dalosto, Sergio D.; Levine, Zachary H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dalosto, SD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dalosto@intec.unl.edu.ar NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 5 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 22 BP 8196 EP 8199 DI 10.1021/jp711524y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 306RI UT WOS:000256265100019 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Bolikal, D Becker, ML Kohn, J Zeiger, DN Simon, CG AF Yang, Yanyin Bolikal, Durgadas Becker, Matthew L. Kohn, Joachim Zeiger, Diana N. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Combinatorial polymer scaffold libraries for screening cell-biomaterial interactions in 3D SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE-DERIVED POLYCARBONATES; DEGRADABLE BIOMATERIALS; STEM-CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; MICROARRAYS; SURFACES; CULTURE; BLENDS; LINE AB A combinatorial method for screening cell-biomaterial interactions in 3D is presented; polymeric, salt-leached scaffolds with varied composition and properties are present in a 96-well plate. Previous high-throughput approaches for screening cell-material interactions have focused on planar 2D surfaces or films. However, biomaterials are commonly used in a 3D scaffold format and cells behave more physiologically when cultured in 3D. C1 [Yang, Yanyin; Becker, Matthew L.; Zeiger, Diana N.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bolikal, Durgadas; Kohn, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2037 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200702088 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 317UC UT WOS:000257044600002 ER PT J AU Papa, F Guntner, A Frappart, F Prigent, C Rossow, WB AF Papa, F. Guentner, A. Frappart, F. Prigent, C. Rossow, W. B. TI Variations of surface water extent and water storage in large river basins: A comparison of different global data sources SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB For the period 2003-2004 and for six large river basins, the present study compares monthly time series of multi-satellite-derived surface water extent with other independent global data sets related to land water dynamics, such as water mass variations monitored by GRACE, simulated surface and total water storage from WGHM, water levels from altimetry, and GPCP precipitation estimates. In general, the datasets show a strong agreement with each other at seasonal timescale. In particular, over the Amazon and the Ganges basins, analysis of seasonal phase differences and hysteresis behavior between surface water extent, water level and storage reveal the complex relations between water extent and storage variations and the different effects of water transport processes within large river basins. The results highlight the value of combining multi-satellite techniques for retrieving surface water storage dynamics. C1 [Papa, F.; Rossow, W. B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Frappart, F.] CESBIO, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Guentner, A.] GeoForschungsZentrum, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Prigent, C.] Observ Paris, LERMA, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Papa, F (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM fpapa@ee.ccny.cuny.edu RI Frappart, Frederic/D-2950-2009; Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Guntner, Andreas/C-9892-2011; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; Guntner, Andreas/0000-0001-6233-8478; Frappart, Frederic/0000-0002-4661-8274 NR 22 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 AR L11401 DI 10.1029/2008GL033857 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 310VH UT WOS:000256558300002 ER PT J AU Nosonovsky, M Bhushan, B AF Nosonovsky, Michael Bhushan, Bharat TI Roughness-induced superhydrophobicity: a way to design non-adhesive surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Vibrations at Surfaces CY JUL 20-26, 2007 CL Erice, ITALY ID CONTACT-ANGLE HYSTERESIS; WATER-REPELLENT; HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; FRICTION PROPERTIES; WETTING TRANSITION; NANOPATTERNED POLYMERS; HIERARCHICAL ROUGHNESS; TEXTURED SURFACES; LEAF SURFACES; LENGTH SCALES AB Non-adhesive and water-repellent surfaces are required for many tribological applications. Roughness-induced superhydrophobicity has been suggested as a way to reduce adhesion and stiction. In this paper, the theory of roughness-induced superhydrophobicity is presented. Wetting is studied as a multiscale process involving the macroscale (water droplet size), microscale (surface texture size), and nanoscale (molecular size). We study fundamental physical mechanisms of wetting, including the transition between various wetting regimes, contact angle and contact angle hysteresis. The effect of surface roughness upon wetting and capillary adhesion force is discussed. Practical recommendations for the design of superhydrophobic surfaces are formulated. C1 [Bhushan, Bharat] Ohio State Univ, Nanotribol Lab Informat Storage, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bhushan, Bharat] Ohio State Univ, MEMS, NEMS NLIM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nosonovsky, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bhushan, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nanotribol Lab Informat Storage, 201 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bhushan.2@osu.edu RI Nosonovsky, Michael/B-2228-2012; Bhushan, Bharat/A-9684-2013 OI Bhushan, Bharat/0000-0001-7161-6601 NR 90 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 22 AR 225009 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/22/225009 PG 30 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 304YT UT WOS:000256145700037 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, T Jackson, A Krishnamoorti, R AF Chatterjee, Tirtha Jackson, Andrew Krishnamoorti, Ramanan TI Hierarchical structure of carbon nanotube networks SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; COLLOIDAL GELS; SCATTERING; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLES AB The hierarchical structure of semidilute suspensions of single-walled carbon nanotubes in polymeric matrices, studied by the use of ultrasmall and small angle neutron scattering, indicates an aggregate size that is independent on both nanotube concentration and polymer matrix and a mesh within the floc that becomes slightly denser with increasing nanotube concentration. The number of clusters grows linearly with concentration of nanotubes. These structural parameters suggest that the interactions between the floes dictate the concentration-dependent elastic strength scaling of the network, with the absolute values of the specific elastic strength being inversely related to the percolation threshold. C1 [Chatterjee, Tirtha; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ramanan@uh.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 22 BP 6934 EP + DI 10.1021/ja801480h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 307EQ UT WOS:000256301200021 PM 18465852 ER PT J AU Maddy, ES Barnet, CD Goldberg, M Sweeney, C Liu, X AF Maddy, E. S. Barnet, C. D. Goldberg, M. Sweeney, C. Liu, X. TI CO2 retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder: Methodology and validation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB In this paper we describe the methodology of an offline retrieval of CO2 from AIRS data and show comparisons of these retrievals with all available NOAA ESRL/GMD aircraft data during 2005. In general, we find that when compared to the aircraft the AIRS CO2 estimates agree to approximately +/- 0.5% in middle-tropospheric CO2 column abundances between +/- 65 degrees latitude. C1 [Maddy, E. S.; Liu, X.] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Barnet, C. D.; Goldberg, M.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Maddy, ES (reprint author), Perot Syst Govt Serv, 4500 Forbes Blvd,Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM eric.maddy@noaa.gov RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X NR 28 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D11 AR D11301 DI 10.1029/2007JD009402 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310VZ UT WOS:000256560100003 ER PT J AU Beal, LM Hummon, JM Williams, E Brown, OB Baringer, W Kearns, EJ AF Beal, Lisa M. Hummon, Julia M. Williams, Elizabeth Brown, Otis B. Baringer, Warner Kearns, Edward J. TI Five years of Florida Current structure and transport from the Royal Caribbean Cruise Ship Explorer of the Seas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; GULF-STREAM; APRIL 1982; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SOUTHEAST FLORIDA; ADJACENT WATERS; NEW-JERSEY; VELOCITY; SHELF AB Using ship-of-opportunity platform Explorer of the Seas, five years of full-depth velocity data have been collected across the Florida Straits at 26 degrees N. Between May 2001 and May 2006 the mean transport of the Florida Current was 31.0 +/- 4.0 Sv. This compares to a mean transport of 32.4 +/- 3.2 Sv inferred from cable voltages at 27 degrees N over the same period, implying an average 1.4 Sv transport into the Straits through the Northwest Providence Channel. The climatological core of the Florida Current is 170 cms(-1) and is positioned at 79.8 degrees W, about 10 km east of the shelf break. The largest variability in velocity occurs over the shelf and shelf break and is likely related to shelf waves. A secondary maximum occurs across much of the Straits over the top 100 m of the water column and may be associated with wind events. The annual cycle of Florida Current transports has a range of 4.7 Sv, with a maximum in May-June-July and a minimum in January. The difference between the summer and winter current structure appears as a first baroclinic mode with zero crossing at 150 m. The maximum difference is about 15 cms(-1) at the surface and is centered just offshore of the mean current core. On interannual timescales, low-pass filtered Explorer and cable transports show similar downward trends between 2002 and 2005, but diverge over the last year or so of the record. C1 [Beal, Lisa M.; Williams, Elizabeth; Brown, Otis B.; Baringer, Warner] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hummon, Julia M.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kearns, Edward J.] US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL USA. [Kearns, Edward J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Remote Sensing Applicat Div, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Beal, LM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM lbeal@rsmas.miami.edu RI Brown, Otis/C-7188-2015; OI Brown, Otis/0000-0003-3111-1507; Beal, Lisa/0000-0003-3678-5367 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C6 AR C06001 DI 10.1029/2007JC004154 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 310XC UT WOS:000256563100001 ER PT J AU Chadwick, WW Cashman, KV Embley, RW Matsumoto, H Dziak, RP de Ronde, CEJ Lau, TK Deardorff, ND Merle, SG AF Chadwick, W. W., Jr. Cashman, K. V. Embley, R. W. Matsumoto, H. Dziak, R. P. de Ronde, C. E. J. Lau, T. K. Deardorff, N. D. Merle, S. G. TI Direct video and hydrophone observations of submarine explosive eruptions at NW Rota-1 volcano, Mariana arc SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID VOLCANICLASTIC DEPOSITS; ACOUSTIC NOISE; MOUNT-RUAPEHU; CRATER LAKE; NEW-ZEALAND; LAVA; WATER; RIDGE; FLOW; MORPHOLOGY AB Extraordinary video and hydrophone observations of a submarine explosive eruption were made with a remotely operated vehicle in April 2006 at a depth of 550-560 m on NW Rota-1 volcano in the Mariana arc. The observed eruption evolved from effusive to explosive, while the eruption rate increased from near zero to 10-100 m(3)/h. During the peak in activity, cyclic explosive bursts 2-6 min long were separated by shorter non-eruptive pauses lasting 10-100 s. The size of the ejecta increased with the vigor of the explosions. A portable hydrophone deployed near the vent recorded sounds correlated with the explosive bursts; the highest amplitudes were similar to 50 dB higher than ambient noise at frequencies between 10 and 50 Hz. The acoustic data allow us to quantify the durations, amplitudes, and evolution of the eruptive events over time. The low eruption rate, high gas/lava ratio, and rhythmic eruptive behavior at NW Rota-1 are most consistent with a Strombolian eruptive style. We interpret that the eruption was primarily driven by the venting of magmatic gases, which was also the primary source of the sound recorded during the explosive bursts. The rhythmic nature of the bursts can be explained by partial gas segregation in the conduit and upward migration in a transitional regime between bubbly flow and fully developed slug flow. The strongest explosive bursts were accompanied by flashes of red glow and oscillating eruption plumes in the vent, apparently caused by magma-seawater interaction and rapid steam formation and condensation. This is the first time submarine explosive eruptions have been witnessed with simultaneous near-field acoustic recordings. C1 [Chadwick, W. W., Jr.; Matsumoto, H.; Dziak, R. P.; Lau, T. K.; Merle, S. G.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cashman, K. V.; Deardorff, N. D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [de Ronde, C. E. J.] GNS Sci, Ocean Explorat, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. [Embley, R. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.chadwick@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08S10 DI 10.1029/2007JB005215 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 310YK UT WOS:000256566700001 ER PT J AU McKenna-Lawlor, SMP Dryer, M Fry, CD Smith, ZK Intriligator, DS Courtney, WR Deehr, CS Sun, W Kecskemety, K Kudela, K Balaz, J Barabash, S Futaana, Y Yamauchi, M Lundin, R AF McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P. Dryer, M. Fry, C. D. Smith, Z. K. Intriligator, D. S. Courtney, W. R. Deehr, C. S. Sun, W. Kecskemety, K. Kudela, K. Balaz, J. Barabash, S. Futaana, Y. Yamauchi, M. Lundin, R. TI Predicting interplanetary shock arrivals at Earth, Mars, and Venus: A real-time modeling experiment following the solar flares of 5-14 December 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; SPACE WEATHER; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; WIND DISTURBANCES; SIMULATION; ACCELERATION; HELIOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; RELEVANT; SPEED AB [1] A 3-D, kinematic, solar wind model (Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry version 2 (HAFv.2)) is used to predict interplanetary shock arrivals at Venus, Earth, and Mars during a sequence of significant solar events that occurred in the interval 5-14 December 2006. Mars and Venus were on the opposite side of the Sun from Earth during this period. The shocks from the first two east limb events (5 and 6 December) were predicted to interact to form a single disturbance before reaching Earth and Venus. A single shock was indeed recorded at Earth only about 3 h earlier than had been predicted. The composite shock was predicted by HAFv.2 to arrive at Venus on 8 December at similar to 0500 UT. Solar energetic particles (SEPs) were detected in Venus Express Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms-4 data for some 3 d ( from < 0530 UT on 6 December), and an energetic storm particle ( ESP) event signaled the arrival of a single shock wave at 0900 UT on 7 December. SEPs were correspondingly recorded at Mars. However, the eastern flank of the composite shock was predicted to decay to an MHD wave prior to reaching this location, and no shock signature was observed in the available data. The shocks generated in association with two flare events that occurred closer to the West Limb on 13 and 14 December were predicted by HAFv.2 to remain separate when they arrived at Earth but to combine thereafter before reaching Mars. Each was expected to decay to MHD waves before reaching Venus, which was at that time located behind the Sun. Separated shocks were observed to arrive at L1 (ACE) only 8 min earlier than and 5.3 h later than their predicted times. The western flank of the combined shocks was predicted to arrive at Mars early on 20 December 2006. An indication of the passage of this shock was provided by a signature of ion heating in Mars Express IMA (ion mass-resolving analyzer) data from < 0424 UT on 20 December. The predictions of the HAFv.2 model for Earth were each well within the +/- 11 h. RMS error earlier found, on the basis of significant statistics, to apply at 1 AU during the rise and maximum phases of solar cycle 23. Overall, the model is demonstrated to be capable of predicting the effects produced by shocks and by the background solar wind at Venus, Earth, and Mars. It is suggested that the continuous presence of solar wind monitors (plasma and interplanetary magnetic field observations) at "benchmark planets'' can constitute a necessary and valuable component of ongoing and future space weather programs for the validation of solar wind models such as HAFv.2. C1 [McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P.] Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Kudela, K.; Balaz, J.] Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. [Barabash, S.; Futaana, Y.; Yamauchi, M.; Lundin, R.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. [Courtney, W. R.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Offutt Ait Force Base, Omaha, NE 68113 USA. [Deehr, C. S.; Sun, W.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Dryer, M.; Smith, Z. K.] Natl Weather Agcy, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fry, C. D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Intriligator, D. S.] Carmel Res Ctr, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Kecskemety, K.] Kozponti Fizikai Kutato Intezat, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. RP McKenna-Lawlor, SMP (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. EM stil@nuim.ie RI Futaana, Yoshifumi/P-5899-2014; xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012; OI Futaana, Yoshifumi/0000-0002-7056-3517; Balaz, Jan/0000-0001-8918-2610 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A6 AR A06101 DI 10.1029/2007JA012577 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310YR UT WOS:000256567500001 ER PT J AU Johnson, LL Lomax, DP Myers, MS Olson, OP Sol, SY O'Neill, SM West, J Collier, TK AF Johnson, Lyndal L. Lomax, Daniel P. Myers, Mark S. Olson, O. Paul Sol, Sean Y. O'Neill, Sandra M. West, James Collier, Tracy K. TI Xenoestrogen exposure and effects in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, WA SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE English sole; vitellogenin; xenoestrogen; endocrine disruptor; Puget Sound ID FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; WASTE-WATER OUTFALL; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY ELISA; IMPACTED URBAN ESTUARY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTION; LIFE-CYCLE; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY AB Vitellogenin, a yolk protein produced in the liver of oviparous animals in response to estrogens, normally occurs only in sexually mature females with developing eggs. However, males can synthesize vitellogenin when exposed to environmental estrogens, making the abnormal production of vitellogenin in male animals a useful biomarker for xenoestrogen exposure. In 1997-2001, as part of the Washington State's Puget Sound Assessment and Monitoring Program, we surveyed English sole from a number of sites for evidence of xenoestrogen exposure, using vitellogenin production in males as an indicator. Significant levels of vitellogenin were found in male fish from several urban sites, with especially high numbers of fish affected in Elliott Bay, along the Seattle Waterfront. Intersex fish were rare, comprising only two fish out of more than 2900 examined. Other ovarian and testicular lesions, including oocyte atresia, were also observed, but their prevalence did not appear to be related to xenoestrogen exposure. However, at the Elliott Bay sites where abnormal vitellogenin production was observed in male sole, the timing of spawning in both male and female English sole appeared altered. Sources of xenoestrogens and types of xenoestrogens present in Elliott Bay are poorly documented, but the compounds are likely associated with industrial discharges, surface runoff, and combined sewer outfalls. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnson, Lyndal L.; Lomax, Daniel P.; Myers, Mark S.; Olson, O. Paul; Sol, Sean Y.; Collier, Tracy K.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [O'Neill, Sandra M.; West, James] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Johnson, LL (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Lyndal.L.Johnson@noaa.gov NR 81 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.03.001 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 317FP UT WOS:000257005700004 PM 18423645 ER PT J AU Przezdziecka, E Dynowska, E Paszkowicz, W Dobrowolski, W Kepa, H Majkrzak, CF Giebultowicz, TM Janik, E Kossut, J AF Przezdziecka, E. Dynowska, E. Paszkowicz, W. Dobrowolski, W. Kepa, H. Majkrzak, C. F. Giebultowicz, T. M. Janik, E. Kossut, J. TI MnTe and ZnTe grown on sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE MBE; II-VI materials; crystal structure ID MANGANESE TELLURIDE; THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ZINCBLENDE MNTE; HEXAGONAL MNTE; PRESSURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; ZNMNTE AB We report on growth of MnTe layers by molecular beam epitaxy on Al2O3 substrates and of ZnTe layers on hybrid MnTe/Al2O3 substrates. The aim of our work was to prepare hexagonal phases of epitaxial thin films of these two materials. In the case of MnTe, the hexagonal NiAs-type phase was prepared by depositing the film directly on Al2O3 substrates. On the other hand, the crystal structure of ZnTe layers grown on hybrid MnTe/Al2O3 substrates was found to depend on the layer thickness: layers thinner than 0.05 mu m grew in a metastable hexagonal wurtzite structure, but with further increases of the thickness, the cubic zinc blende phase of ZnTe tended to appear. The structural properties of MnTe and ZnTe layers were characterized by high energy electron and X-ray diffraction methods. Electrical properties of MnTe films were assessed by the Hall effect measurements. The topography and microstructure were analyzed by atomic force microscope. The Neel temperature and magnetic domains structure of anti ferromagnetic hexagonal MnTe layers were obtained from neutron experiments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Przezdziecka, E.; Dynowska, E.; Paszkowicz, W.; Dobrowolski, W.; Janik, E.; Kossut, J.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Kepa, H.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giebultowicz, T. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kossut, J.] ERATO, Semicond Spintron Project, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Przezdziecka, E (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Al Lotnikow 32-46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. EM Ewa.Przezdziecka@ifpan.edu.pl RI Paszkowicz, Wojciech/A-1623-2015; Kossut, Jacek/K-9481-2016; Dobrowolski, Witold/A-1260-2008 OI Paszkowicz, Wojciech/0000-0001-6276-088X; Kossut, Jacek/0000-0001-6165-3169; Dobrowolski, Witold/0000-0001-6630-761X NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 15 BP 4813 EP 4818 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.08.133 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 310DM UT WOS:000256509100024 ER PT J AU Corriu, R Potier, P Weber, J Milne, B de Rosnay, J Lynch, M Laszlo, P Heller, S Laurent, D Lacaze, PC Barbier, MJ Guglielmetti, R Dou, H Milne, B Dubois, R Barthel, J Gasteiger, J Gershon, N Detrey, A Cacaly, S Meyer, JJ Quinchon, J Baumann, N Charton, M Couesnon, T Helfen, M Lion, C Tribillon, JL Bruno, F Lacoste, AP Budd, H Detrey, A Rose, J Theolbalt, A Hug, P Belkiri, A Lureau, F Luft, R AF Corriu, Robert Potier, Pierre Weber, Jacques Milne, Bill de Rosnay, Joel Lynch, Michael Laszlo, Pierre Heller, Steve Laurent, Daniel Lacaze, Pierre-Camille Barbier, Marie-Jeanne Guglielmetti, Robert Dou, Henri Milne, Bill Dubois, Rhoda Barthel, Josef Gasteiger, Johann Gershon, Nahum Detrey, Arlette Cacaly, Serge Meyer, Jean-Jacques Quinchon, Jean Baumann, Nicole Charton, Marvin Couesnon, Thierry Helfen, Margrit Lion, Claude Tribillon, Jean-Louis Bruno, Francis Lacoste, Amiral Pierre Budd, Herbert Detrey, Arlette Rose, John Theolbalt, Alice Hug, Pierre Belkiri, Alain Lureau, Francois Luft, Robert TI Alchemy of a great chemist - Jacques-Emile Dubois SO ACTUALITE CHIMIQUE LA French DT Biographical-Item C1 [Weber, Jacques] Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Milne, Bill] Amer Chem Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Lynch, Michael] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Laszlo, Pierre] Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Heller, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Laurent, Daniel; Cacaly, Serge] Univ Marne La Vallee, Marne La Vallee, France. [Guglielmetti, Robert] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Marseille, France. [Dou, Henri] Marseille Createur 1er DEA Intelligence Econ, Marseille, France. [Gasteiger, Johann] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. [Gershon, Nahum] Mitre Corp, Washington, DC USA. [Barthel, Josef] Univ Regensburg, D-8400 Regensburg, Germany. [Couesnon, Thierry; Lion, Claude] CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. [Budd, Herbert] IBM Corp, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. [Luft, Robert] Univ Nice, F-06108 Nice 2, France. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC FRANCAISE CHIMIE PI PARIS PA 250 RUE SAINT-JACQUES, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0151-9093 J9 ACTUAL CHIMIQUE JI Actual Chim. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 IS 320-21 BP 8 EP 11 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 329ZB UT WOS:000257908000005 ER PT J AU Patwardhan, A Parker, J Iorga, M Joshi, A Karygiannis, T Yesha, Y AF Patwardhan, A. Parker, J. Iorga, M. Joshi, A. Karygiannis, T. Yesha, Y. TI Threshold-based intrusion detection in ad hoc networks and secure AODV SO AD HOC NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE MANETs; Secure routing; Intrusion detection; SecAODV ID PERVASIVE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS AB Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) play an important role in connecting devices in pervasive environments. MANETs provide inexpensive and versatile communication, yet several challenges remain in addressing their security. So far, numerous schemes have been proposed for secure routing and intrusion detection, with only simulations to validate them; little work exists, in implementing such schemes on small handheld devices. In this paper, we present our approach of securing a MANET using a threshold-based intrusion detection system and a secure routing protocol. We present a proof-of-concept implementation of our IDS deployed on handheld devices and in a MANET testbed connected by a secure version of AODV over IPv6 - SecAODV. While the IDS helps detect attacks on data traffic, SecAODV incorporates security features of non-repudiation and authentication, without relying on the availability of a Certificate Authority (CA) or a Key Distribution Center (KDC). We present the design and implementation details of our system, the practical considerations involved, and how these mechanisms can be used to detect and thwart malicious attacks. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Patwardhan, A.; Parker, J.; Joshi, A.; Yesha, Y.] UM BC, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Iorga, M.; Karygiannis, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patwardhan, A (reprint author), UM BC, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM anand2@cs.umbc.edu; jparke2@cs.umbc.edu; miorga@nist.gov; joshi@cs.umbc.edu; karygiannis@nist.gov; yeyesha@cs.umbc.edu FU NSF [9875433]; NIST; IBM FX This research was supported by NSF award 9875433, and grants from NIST and IBM. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-8705 J9 AD HOC NETW JI Ad Hoc Netw. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 578 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.adhoc.2007.05.001 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 408CI UT WOS:000263410700007 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Tans, PP Novelli, PC AF Kim, H. S. Tans, P. P. Novelli, P. C. TI On the regional background levels of carbon monoxide observed in East Asia during 1991 similar to 2004 SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Carbon monoxide; Regional background level; Large-scale air pollution; Transport passage; Satellite image AB The carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations observed in Mt. Waliguan in China (WLG), Ulaan Uul in Mongolia (UUM), Tae-ahn Peninsula in Korea (TAP) and Ryori in Japan (RYO) were analysed between 1991 and 2004. The average annual concentration of CO, a toxic air pollutant, was the highest at TAP (233 +/- 41 ppb), followed by RYO (171 +/- 36 ppb), UUM (155 +/- 26 ppb) and WLG (135 +/- 22 ppb). CO tends to be highest in spring and lowest in summer in East Asia, with the exception of WLG. TAP had the highest CO concentrations in all seasons compared with WLG, UUM and RYO and displays a wide short-term variability in concentration. This is caused by large-scale air pollution owing to its downwind location, close to continental East Asia. CO concentrations observed at TAP were analysed as follows: according to the origin of the isentropic backward trajectory and its transport passage, as continental background airflows (CBG) measuring 216 +/- 47 ppb, regionally polluted continental airflows (RPC) measuring 316 +/- 56 ppb, oceanic background airflows (OBG) measuring 108 +/- 41 ppb and partly perturbed oceanic airflows measuring 161 +/- 6 ppb. The high concentrations of CO at TAP are because of the airflow originating from the East Asian continent, rather than the North Pacific. RPCs, which pass through eastern China, appear to have high CO concentrations in spring, autumn and winter. OBGs, however, are affected by North Pacific air masses with low CO concentrations in summer. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite images and the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem simulation model confirmed that a large-scale air pollution event originated in eastern China and reached the Korean Peninsula and the Korea East Sea by way of the Yellow Sea. It is noteworthy that the overall trend at TAP does not show an increase despite the fact that energy use in China approximately doubled from 1991 to 2004. C1 [Kim, H. S.] Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, Cheongwon 363891, Choongbook, South Korea. [Tans, P. P.; Novelli, P. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, Cheongwon 363891, Choongbook, South Korea. EM envir007@chol.com RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 FU Korea Meteorological Administration [CATER 2006-3103] FX The authors wish to thank the Korea Meteorological Administration (CATER 2006-3103) for providing science subvention. In addition, data provided by J.M. Harris, T.J. Conway and by Japan Meteorological Agency are appreciated. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 EI 1873-9326 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s11869-008-0001-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V25HL UT WOS:000208469000009 ER PT J AU Liao, WL Turko, IV AF Liao, Wei-Li Turko, Illarion V. TI Strategy combining separation of isotope-labeled unfolded proteins and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis enables quantification of a wide range of serum proteins SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE D-3-acrylamide; FPLC; MALDI; quantitative pattern; unfolded proteins ID HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LC-MS/MS; PEPTIDES; ACRYLAMIDE; SAMPLES; SYSTEM AB A novel strategy for the quantitative profiling of serum proteome is described. It includes an ammonium sulfate depletion of the serum, an affordable stable isotope labeling chemistry for samples with a large amount of protein, separation of the unfolded proteins, and relative quantification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). Labeling of unfolded proteins was performed using normal (D-0) acrylamide and deuterated (D-3) acrylamide. The workflow for separating the unfolded proteins includes whole gel elution and ion exchange liquid chromatography, and it combines electrophoretic separation based on the protein molecular weight followed by chromatographic separation in the presence of 8 M urea based on protein charge. This was followed by trypsinolysis and MALDI MS analysis, leading to the quantification of a large number of serum proteins, including those with an abundance of 10(-5) less than albumin. This robust and inexpensive workflow is suitable for the quantitative profiling of protein changes in serum associated with preanalytical variables. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM turko@umbi.umd.edu NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 377 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2008.03.016 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 296FF UT WOS:000255528200007 PM 18384735 ER PT J AU Arsene, CG Ohlendorf, R Burkitt, W Pritchard, C Henrion, A O'Connor, G Bunk, DM Guttler, B AF Arsene, Cristian G. Ohlendorf, Ruediger Burkitt, William Pritchard, Caroline Henrion, Andre O'Connor, Gavin Bunk, David M. Guettler, Bernd TI Protein quantification by isotope dilution mass spectrometry of proteolytic fragments: Cleavage rate and accuracy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SOLVENT SYSTEMS; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PEPTIDE STANDARDS; HUMAN SERUM; PLASMA; ASSAYS AB The practice of quantifying proteins by peptide fragments from enzymatic proteolysis (digestion) was assessed regarding accuracy, reliability, and uncertainty of the results attainable. Purified recombinant growth hormone (rhGH, 22 kDa isoform) was used as a model analyte. Two tryptic peptides from hGH, T6 and T12, were chosen to determine the amount of the protein in the original sample. Reference solutions of T6 and T12 (isotopically labeled forms), value assigned by quantitative amino acid analysis (AAA) after complete hydrolysis, were used as internal standards. The accuracy of protein quantification by fragments T6 and T12 was evaluated by comparison of peptide results to those obtained for the same rhGH sample by AAA. The rate of cleavage (and thus the experimental protocol used) turned out to be crucial to the quality of results in protein quantification using enzymatic fragments. Applying a protocol customarily found in (qualitative) bottom-up proteomics gave results significantly higher than the target value from AAA (+ 11 % with T6 and +6% with T12). In contrast, using a modified protocol optimized for fast and complete hydrolysis, results were unbiased within the limits of uncertainty, while the time needed for completion of proteolysis was considerably reduced (30 min as compared to 10801200 min). The method assessed highlighted three important criteria deemed necessary for successful protein quantification using proteolysis-based mass spectrometry methods. These are the following: the requirement for both the selected peptides and labeled internal standard to be stable throughout digestion; the correct purity assignment to the selected peptide standards; the proof of equimolar release of the selected peptides. The combined (overall) uncertainty for protein quantification was established by combination of estimates obtained for individual components and found to be U = 4% for this example. This uncertainty is of the same order as that typically attainable in quantification of "small" organic molecules using liquid chromatography/isotope dilution mass spectrometry. C1 [Arsene, Cristian G.; Ohlendorf, Ruediger; Henrion, Andre; Guettler, Bernd] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Dept Metrol Chem, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Burkitt, William; Pritchard, Caroline; O'Connor, Gavin; Guettler, Bernd] Lab Govt Chemist, Dept Mass Spectrometry, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. [Bunk, David M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arsene, CG (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Dept Metrol Chem, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM andre.henrion@ptb.de RI O'Connor, Gavin/D-9767-2016 OI O'Connor, Gavin/0000-0002-7812-6717 NR 27 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 11 BP 4154 EP 4160 DI 10.1021/ac7024738 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 307OC UT WOS:000256327200038 PM 18447320 ER PT J AU Joyner, JJ Litaker, RW Paerl, HW AF Joyner, Jennifer J. Litaker, R. Wayne Paerl, Hans W. TI Morphological and genetic evidence that the cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei (Farlow ex Gomont) speziale and Dyck encompasses at least two species SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; GROWTH; DIAZOTROPHS; INFERENCE; MRBAYES; FLORIDA; ALGAE; NOV AB Dense blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei are increasingly responsible for declining water quality and habitat degradation in numerous springs, rivers, and reservoirs. This research represents the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of L. wollei in comparison with the traditional morphological characterization of this species. Specimens were collected from several springs in Florida and a reservoir in North Carolina. Segments of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA and nifH genes were PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed sequences that fell into three distinct subclusters, each with >97% sequence similarity. These were designated operational taxonomic unit 1 (OTU1), OTU2, and OTU3. Similarly, the nifH sequences fell into three distinct subclusters named S1, S2, and S3. When either bulk samples or individual filaments were analyzed, we recovered OTU1 with S1, OTU2 with S2, and OTU3 with S3. The coherence between the three SSU rRNA gene and nifH subclusters was consistent with genetically distinct strains or species. Cells associated with subclusters OTU3 and S3 were significantly wider and longer than those associated with other subclusters. The combined molecular and morphological data indicate that the species commonly identified as L. wollei in the literature represents two or possibly more species. Springs containing OTU3 and S3 demonstrated lower ion concentrations than other collection sites. Geographical locations of Lyngbya subclusters did not correlate with residual dissolved inorganic nitrogen or phosphorus concentrations. This study emphasizes the need to complement traditional identification with molecular characterization to more definitively detect and characterize harmful cyanobacterial species or strains. C1 [Joyner, Jennifer J.; Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Joyner, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM jjoyner@unc.edu NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 12 BP 3710 EP 3717 DI 10.1128/AEM.02645-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 315SK UT WOS:000256899700012 PM 18441114 ER PT J AU Thorpe, MJ Ye, J AF Thorpe, M. J. Ye, J. TI Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY REDISTRIBUTION; QUANTUM-CASCADE LASER; COMPACT FIBER SOURCE; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; BREATH ANALYSIS; MU-M; MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY AB Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy combines broad spectral bandwidth, high spectral resolution, precise frequency calibration, and ultrahigh detection sensitivity, all in one experimental platform based on an optical frequency comb interacting with a high-finesse optical cavity. Precise control of the optical frequency comb allows highly efficient, coherent coupling of individual comb components with corresponding resonant modes of the high-finesse cavity. The long cavity lifetime dramatically enhances the effective interaction between the light field and intracavity matter, increasing the sensitivity for measurement of optical losses by a factor that is on the order of the cavity finesse. The use of low-dispersion mirrors permits almost the entire spectral bandwidth of the frequency comb to be employed for detection, covering a range of similar to 10% of the actual optical frequency. The light transmitted from the cavity is spectrally resolved to provide a multitude of detection channels with spectral resolutions ranging from several gigahertz to hundreds of kilohertz. In this review we will discuss the principle of cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy and the various implementations of such systems. In particular, we discuss several types of UV, optical, and IR frequency comb sources and optical cavity designs that can be used for specific spectroscopic applications. We present several cavity-comb coupling methods to take advantage of the broad spectral bandwidth and narrow spectral components of a frequency comb. Finally, we present a series of experimental measurements on trace gas detections, human breath analysis, and characterization of cold molecular beams. These results demonstrate clearly that the wide bandwidth and ultrasensitive nature of the femtosecond enhancement cavity enables powerful real-time detection and identification of many molecular species in a massively parallel fashion. C1 [Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 85 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 5 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 397 EP 414 DI 10.1007/s00340-008-3019-1 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 306MB UT WOS:000256251400001 ER PT J AU Hino, Y Simpson, B Woods, M De Felice, P AF Hino, Yoshio Simpson, Bruce Woods, Mike De Felice, Pierino TI ICRM 2007 - Proceeding of the 16th international conference on radionuclide metrology and its applications - 3-7 September 2007, Cape Town, South Africa - Preface SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Meteorol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. Lab Nacl Metrol Radiacoes Ionizantes, Inst Radioprotecao & Dosimetria, BR-22780160 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ionizing Radiat Metrol Consultants Ltd, Teddington TW11 9PQ, Middx, England. Ente Nuove Tecnol Energia & Ambiente, C R Casaccia, I-00100 Rome, Italy. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Simpson, Bruce] Natl Meteorol Inst South Africa, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Hino, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Meteorol Inst Japan, Tsukuba Cent 2,1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. EM y.hino@aist.go.jp; BSimpson@nmisa.org; mike.woods@blueyonder.co.uk; defelice@casaccia.enea.it NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 677 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.001 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000001 ER PT J AU Vidmar, T Aubineau-Laniece, I Anagnostakis, MJ Arnold, D Brettner-Messler, R Budjas, D Capogni, M Dias, MS De Geer, LE Fazio, A Gasparro, J Hult, M Hurtado, S Vargas, MJ Laubenstein, M Lee, KB Lee, YK Lepy, MC Maringer, FJ Peyres, VM Mille, M Moralles, M Nour, S Plenteda, R Montero, MPR Sima, O Tomei, C Vidmar, G AF Vidmar, T. Aubineau-Laniece, I. Anagnostakis, M. J. Arnold, D. Brettner-Messler, R. Budjas, D. Capogni, M. Dias, M. S. De Geer, L-E. Fazio, A. Gasparro, J. Hult, M. Hurtado, S. Vargas, M. Jurado Laubenstein, M. Lee, K. B. Lee, Y-K. Lepy, M-C. Maringer, F-J. Peyres, V. Medina Mille, M. Moralles, M. Nour, S. Plenteda, R. Montero, M. P. Rubio Sima, O. Tomei, C. Vidmar, G. TI An intercomparison of Monte Carlo codes used in gamma-ray spectrometry SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2007) CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci ID SIMULATION AB In an intercomparison exercise, the Monte Carlo codes most commonly used in gamma-ray spectrometry today were compared with each other in order to gauge the differences between them in terms of typical applications. No reference was made to experimental data; instead, the aim was to confront the codes with each other, as they were applied to the calculation of full-energy-peak and total efficiencies. Surprising differences between the results of different codes were revealed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vidmar, T.] Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Aubineau-Laniece, I.; Lee, Y-K.; Lepy, M-C.] CEA Saclay, LNE LNHB, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Anagnostakis, M. J.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Arnold, D.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. [Brettner-Messler, R.; Maringer, F-J.] Bundesamt Eich Vermessungswesen, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. [Budjas, D.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Capogni, M.; Fazio, A.] INMRI, ENEA, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Dias, M. S.; Moralles, M.] IPEN CNEN, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [De Geer, L-E.; Plenteda, R.] Prparatory Comiss CTBTO, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Gasparro, J.; Hult, M.] EC JRC IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Hurtado, S.] Univ Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain. [Vargas, M. Jurado; Maringer, F-J.] Univ Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain. [Laubenstein, M.; Tomei, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, LNGS, Laquila, Italy. [Lee, K. B.] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. [Peyres, V. Medina] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Mille, M.; Nour, S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. [Montero, M. P. Rubio] Univ Extremadura, Merida, Spain. [Sima, O.] Univ Bucharest, Dept Phys, Bucharest, Romania. [Vidmar, G.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, IBMI, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. RP Vidmar, T (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM Tim.Vidmar@ijs.si RI Sima, Octavian/C-3565-2011; Vidmar, Gaj/H-5950-2011; Laubenstein, Matthias/C-4851-2013; Moralles, Mauricio/F-4036-2014; Dias, Mauro/I-8182-2013; Jurado Vargas, Miguel/H-2663-2015; Rubio Montero, Pilar/I-1430-2015; Hurtado, Santiago/J-9011-2014 OI Maringer, Franz Josef/0000-0003-2492-2272; Vidmar, Gaj/0000-0002-5682-3124; Laubenstein, Matthias/0000-0001-5390-4343; Moralles, Mauricio/0000-0002-2664-5531; Jurado Vargas, Miguel/0000-0001-8872-5425; Rubio Montero, Pilar/0000-0002-1895-078X; Hurtado, Santiago/0000-0002-1951-5851 NR 9 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 764 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.015 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000019 PM 18359236 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Kurosaki, H Frechou, C Gilligan, C Jones, R LaMont, S Leggitt, J Li, C McCroan, K Swatski, R AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. Kurosaki, Hiromu Frechou, Carole Gilligan, Chris Jones, Robert LaMont, Stephen Leggitt, Jeff Li, Chunsheng McCroan, Keith Swatski, Ronald TI A blueprint for radioanalytical metrology CRMs, intercomparisons, and PE SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2007) CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci DE CRMs; emergency response; environmental; intercomparisons; nuclear forensics; performance evaluations; radiobioassay ID PROGRAM AB A workshop was held from 28 February to 2 March 2006 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to evaluate the needs for new directions for complex matrix reference materials certified for radionuclide content, interlaboratory comparisons and performance evaluation (PE) programs. The workshop identified new radioanalytical metrology thrust areas needed for environmental, radiobioassay, emergency consequence management, and nuclear forensics, attribution, nonproliferation, and safeguards. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.; Kurosaki, Hiromu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Frechou, Carole] CE Saclay, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gilligan, Chris] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Jones, Robert] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [LaMont, Stephen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Leggitt, Jeff] Fed Bur Invest Acad, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. [Li, Chunsheng] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada. [McCroan, Keith] US EPA, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA. [Swatski, Ronald] USACHPPM, Dept Army, APG EA, MD 21010 USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.inn@nist.gov NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 835 EP 840 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.022 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000033 PM 18359232 ER PT J AU Klouda, GA AF Klouda, George A. TI Investigating the background of a 1-cm(3) quartz gas proportional counter SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2007) CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci DE low-level decay counting; natural radioactivity; gas proportional counter; background; pulse waveform; risetime; afterpulse; digital acquisition AB The background count rate of a 1-cm(3) quartz gas proportional counter (GPC) was investigated for measuring natural radioactivity levels of small samples. Using a new multiparameter digital counting system, spurious or afterpulses that contribute to background were identified by their pulse waveform and by a special event indicator defined by the time (< 2000 mu s) between two successive pulses. With the GPC in coincidence with a low-background NaI(Tl) scintillation guard detector, the weighted mean and standard uncertainty anticoincidence counts per day (d(-1)) was 6.2 +/- 0.4 d(-1). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Klouda, GA (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.klouda@nist.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 860 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.026 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000038 PM 18343139 ER PT J AU King, LE Hutchinson, JMR Unterweger, MP AF King, L. E. Hutchinson, J. M. R. Unterweger, M. P. TI A new large-area 2 pi proportional counting system at NIST SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2007) CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci AB A new large-area gas flow multi-wire proportional counter has been developed to replace the large-area counting system that is currently in use at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and several Department of Defense counting facilities for calibrating large-area alpha and beta sources. The current systems are over 20 years old and part replacement is very difficult. The new systems have been built using specifications that will improve on the current systems and allow collecting data at pressures up to 0.2 MPa. The ability to operate at higher pressures will increase the beta efficiency of the counter and lead to improved precision in the final measured results. Comparison of the results from the old and new systems is presented for both alpha and beta sources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [King, L. E.; Hutchinson, J. M. R.; Unterweger, M. P.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP King, LE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lynne.king@nist.gov NR 2 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 877 EP 880 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.079 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000041 PM 18378151 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, R Schultz, MK AF Fitzgerald, R. Schultz, M. K. TI Liquid-scintillation-based anticoincidence counting of Co-60 and Pb-210 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2007) CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci AB The method of liquid-scintillation-based 4 pi beta-gamma anticoincidence counting was employed to assay the radioactivity concentration of acid solutions containing radionuclides Co-60 and Pb-210 (in equilibrium with its daughters). The limiting factors on the accuracy for such activity measurements and suggestions for minimizing such factors are reported. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fitzgerald, R.; Schultz, M. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fitzgerald, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 937 EP 940 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.037 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000054 PM 18342524 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Meghzifene, A Shortt, KR AF Zimmerman, B. E. Meghzifene, A. Shortt, K. R. TI Establishing measurement traceability for national laboratories: Results of an IAEA comparison of I-131 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2007) CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci AB A radioactivity measurement comparison for solutions of I-131 was conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency for participants in one of its Cooperative Research Projects aimed at enhancing quality assurance practices in nuclear medicine. The comparison solutions were prepared from a single master stock solution and distributed to the participating laboratories, who measured the activity concentration of the solution using either the laboratory's radionuclide activity calibrator or primary standardization methods. From the 7 results received, a Comparison Reference Value was calculated to be 37.35(78) M Bq g(-1) at the reference time. Degrees of equivalence, as defined by the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) of the Comite International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM), were calculated for each laboratory, demonstrating that equivalence to within +/- 4% could be achieved. The comparison has been registered as a supplementary comparison with the CIPM, Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation, Section II-measurement of radionuclides (CCRI(II)) for the purposes of allowing the participants to establish traceability to international standards for this radionuclide. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zimmerman, B. E.; Meghzifene, A.; Shortt, K. R.] IAEA, Dosimetry & Med Radiat Phys Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bez@nist.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 954 EP 959 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.067 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000057 PM 18374578 ER PT J AU Cessna, JT Schultz, MK Leslie, T Bores, N AF Cessna, J. T. Schultz, M. K. Leslie, T. Bores, N. TI Radionuclide calibrator measurements of F-18 in a 3 ml plastic syringe SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2007) CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci DE F-18; liquid scintillation counting; radionuclide calibrator ID SETTINGS AB This paper discusses the calibration of Capintec radionuclide calibrators for the measurement of F-18 in the pharmacy and clinic. In support of a planned regional comparison, a secondary laboratory was set up at Oak Ridge National Laboratories in Oak Ridge, TN. The laboratory was used to prepare 1 mL F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose sources in 3 mL plastic BD syringes (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA) and to determine dial settings in three models of radionuclide calibrators. Measurements were verified by comparing radionuclide calibrator measurements of a 5 mL ampoule source with previous results. The CIEMAT/NIST method of tritium efficiency tracing was used for activity determinations. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cessna, J. T.; Schultz, M. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leslie, T.] Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, PETNET Solut, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. [Bores, N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cessna, JT (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeffrey.cessna@nist.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 6-7 BP 988 EP 993 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.046 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305UJ UT WOS:000256203000063 PM 18375134 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Laake, J McLoughlin, PD Cluff, HD Messier, F AF Taylor, Mitchell K. Laake, Jeff McLoughlin, Philip D. Cluff, H. Dean Messier, Francois TI Mark-recapture and stochastic population models for polar bears of the high Arctic SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE demography; harvest; mark-recapture; polar bear; population viability analysis (PVA); program MARK; Ursus maritimus ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; URSUS-MARITIMUS; BLACK BEARS; SURVIVAL; VIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; ARKANSAS; ANIMALS; MAMMALS AB We used mark-recapture data and population viability analysis (PVA) to estimate demographic parameters, abundance, and harvest risks for two adjacent populations of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) inhabiting Lancaster Sound and Norwegian Bay, Canada. Analyses were based on data from 1871 bears that were uniquely marked during the period 1972-97. Our best-fitting mark-recapture model specified sex and age effects on probabilities of survival and an effect of prior recapture (dependence) on capture probability. The most parsimonious solution in our analysis of survival was to assume the same rate for the Lancaster Sound and Norwegian Bay populations. Total (harvested) annual survival rates (mean +/- 1SE) for females included: 0.749 +/- 0.105 (cubs), 0.879 +/- 0.050 (ages 1-4), 0.936 +/- 0.019 (ages 5-20), and 0.758 +/- 0.054 (ages 21+). Mean litter size was 1.69 +/- 0.01 cubs for females of Lancaster Sound and 1.71 +/- 0.08 cubs for females of Norwegian Bay. By age six, on average 0.31 +/- 0.21 females of Lancaster Sound were producing litters (first age of reproduction was five years); however, females of Norwegian Bay did not reproduce until age seven or more. Total abundance (1995-97) averaged 2541 +/- 391 bears in Lancaster Sound and 203 +/- 44 bears in Norwegian Bay. The finite rate of increase (lambda) during the study period was estimated to be 1.001 +/- 0.013 for bears of Lancaster Sound and 0.981 +/- 0.027 for bears of Norwegian Bay. We incorporated demographic parameters into a harvest-explicit PVA to model short-term (15 yr) probabilities of overharvesting (i.e., 1997-2012). Our harvest simulations suggest that current levels of kill are approaching and perhaps exceeding the sustainable yield in both populations. C1 [McLoughlin, Philip D.; Messier, Francois] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Taylor, Mitchell K.] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Laake, Jeff] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cluff, H. Dean] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9, Canada. RP McLoughlin, PD (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM philip.mcloughlin@usask.ca NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 36 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2008 VL 61 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 315QL UT WOS:000256894400004 ER PT J AU Kocharov, L Laivola, J Mason, GM Didkovsky, L Judge, DL AF Kocharov, L. Laivola, J. Mason, G. M. Didkovsky, L. Judge, D. L. TI Extended He-3-rich periods of solar energetic particles in structured solar wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; solar wind; Sun : particle emission ID GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; COMPRESSION REGIONS; EVENTS; ACCELERATION; ORIGIN; FLARES; INTERPLANETARY; SOHO AB We have surveyed helium isotope abundance data (1997-2005) measured with the Ultra-Low-Energy Isotope Spectrometer (ULEIS) on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and have found multiday periods of He-3-rich solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the energy range of similar to 0.4-10 MeV nucleon(-1) with He-3/He-4 similar to 0.1-1. We analyzed 17 periods where there were good counting statistics, also using in situ measurements of solar wind by ACE and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) along with solar observations by SOHO telescopes, to study coronal and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) structures associated with multiday periods of He-3-rich SEPs. The analysis indicates that all events are associated with slow solar wind and most of them with significant compressions in solar wind at 1 AU. About half of the events are associated with a deep well in solar wind speed that is followed by a fast rise of the wind speed, typically by about 200 km s(-1). The corresponding coronal structure consists of an active region, leading coronal hole and trailing coronal hole situated not far from the solar equator. We have employed a simplified model of corotating compression in the solar wind to estimate the possible effect of the rising speed wind on confinement of He-3-rich SEPs in IMF structures. Numerical modeling indicates that a fast increase of the wind speed by 200 km s(-1) can significantly affect the SEP time-intensity profiles at 1 AU and results in higher SEP intensities than would be expected based on a standard model of solar wind. C1 [Kocharov, L.; Laivola, J.] Univ Turku, Dept Phys, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. [Mason, G. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Didkovsky, L.; Judge, D. L.] Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Kocharov, L (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 176 IS 2 BP 497 EP 510 DI 10.1086/527674 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326PU UT WOS:000257672200011 ER PT J AU Gilliland, AB Hogrefe, C Pinder, RW Godowitch, JM Foley, KL Rao, ST AF Gilliland, Alice B. Hogrefe, Christian Pinder, Robert W. Godowitch, James M. Foley, Kristen L. Rao, S. T. TI Dynamic evaluation of regional air quality models: Assessing changes in O-3 stemming from changes in emissions and meteorology SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE dynamic evaluation; NOx; emission reductions; CMAQ air quality model ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; OZONE TRENDS; URBAN AREAS; SENSITIVITIES; REDUCTIONS AB Regional-scale air quality models are used to estimate the response of air pollutants to potential emission control strategies as part of the decision-making process. Traditionally, the model-predicted pollutant concentrations are evaluated for the "base case" to assess a model's ability to reproduce past observations. Dynamic evaluation approaches, which evaluate a model's ability to accurately simulate air quality changes from given changes in emissions, are critically important to regulatory applications. Here, we investigate approaches to evaluate the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model's predicted ozone (O-3) response to large NO, emission reductions associated with the NO, State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call and on-road mobile emissions. This case has the advantages that emission changes associated with the NO, SIP Call can be well characterized and substantial changes are observed in O-3 levels. To consider the modeled response to emission changes in light of the strong meteorological influences on O-3, two time periods after the NO, SIP Call are included with very different meteorological conditions. The sensitivity to chemical mechanisms is also considered by including simulations with the CB4, SAPRC, and CB05 chemical mechanisms. The evaluation results suggest that the air quality model predictions underestimate the 03 reductions observed after the NO, SIP Call was implemented. While the emission estimate uncertainties may also be a factor, the results suggest that the contribution of long-range transport Of O-3 and precursors is underpredicted, especially when using the CB4 chemical mechanism. Further investigation of the chemical mechanisms' ability to characterize tropospheric chemistry aloft is recommended. Results based on the most recent CMAQ version 4.6 with CB05 and updated emission inventories show incremental improvements to the modeled O-3 response to NO, emission reductions. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilliland, Alice B.; Pinder, Robert W.; Godowitch, James M.; Foley, Kristen L.; Rao, S. T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hogrefe, Christian] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Gilliland, AB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gilliland.alice@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126 NR 24 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 20 BP 5110 EP 5123 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.018 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328FL UT WOS:000257783700023 ER PT J AU Ping, F Luo, ZX Li, XF AF Ping, Fan Luo, Zhexian Li, Xiaofan TI Kinematics, cloud microphysics and spatial structures of tropical cloud clusters: A two-dimensional cloud-resolving modeling study SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cloud-resolving model; cloud microphysics; cloud merger ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; EQUILIBRIUM STATES; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; WESTERN PACIFIC; SUPER CLUSTERS; ICE CLOUDS; TOGA COARE; WARM POOL AB Kinematics, cloud microphysics and spatial structures of tropical cloud clusters are investigated using hourly outputs from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind and horizontal advections obtained from Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). A period of 1600-2300 LST 21 December 1992 is selected for this study when the zonal-mean westerly winds in the lower troposphere intensify while the zonal-mean easterly winds above weaken. Under the vertical-shear environment, there are a westward-propagating cloud cluster, a newly-formed cloud cluster, and four eastward-moving cloud clusters. Two weak eastward-moving cloud clusters merge into strong westward-moving cloud clusters. Merged clouds display notable growth in the eastern edge, indicating that merging processes enhance convection. The development of the new cloud at the western edge of the existing cloud cluster before merging may account for the westward propagation of cloud cluster group, while the advection of the maximum total hydrometeor mixing ratio by the westerly winds after merging may cause the eastward propagation of individual cloud clusters. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ping, Fan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Luo, Zhexian] Nanging Univ Informat & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Ping, F (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM pingf@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 NR 42 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.11.027 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 315IO UT WOS:000256872200013 ER PT J AU Elliott, JT Halter, M Plant, AL Woodward, JT Langenbach, KJ Tona, A AF Elliott, John T. Halter, Michael Plant, Anne L. Woodward, John T. Langenbach, Kurt J. Tona, Alessandro TI Evaluating the performance of fibrillar collagen films formed at polystyrene surfaces as cell culture substrates SO BIOINTERPHASES LA English DT Article DE biomedical materials; cellular biophysics; genetics; molecular biophysics; polymers; proteins; statistical analysis; tissue engineering ID THIN-FILMS; TENASCIN-C; GENE-EXPRESSION; I COLLAGEN; FIBROBLASTS; PROLIFERATION; INHIBITORS; MORPHOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; DISEASE AB While it is well-appreciated that the extracellular matrix plays a critical role in influencing cell responses, well-defined and reproducible presentation of extracellular matrix proteins poses a challenge for in vitro experiments. Films of type 1 collagen fibrils assembled on alkanethiolate monolayers formed at gold-coated surfaces have been shown to elicit a cellular response comparable to collagen gels, but with the advantages of excellent optical properties, and high reproducibility and robustness. To make this collagen matrix more accessible to laboratories that do not have access to gold film deposition the authors have examined the use of untreated polystyrene as a substrate for forming fibrillar collagen films. Direct comparison of films of fibrillar collagen fibrils formed at polystyrene with those formed at alkanethiolate monolayers indicates that films of collagen formed on these two surfaces compare very favorably to one another, both in their supramolecular structural characteristics as well as in the cell response that they elicit. Both substrates exhibit a dense covering of fibrils approximately 200 nm in diameter. The spreading of fibroblasts and activation of the tenascin-C gene promoter are statistically equivalent as determined by a metric derived from the D-statistic normally used in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. The results of this study suggest that biologically relevant, robust thin films of collagen fibrils can be formed in any laboratory in untreated polystyrene dishes and multi-well polystyrene plates. C1 [Elliott, John T.; Halter, Michael; Plant, Anne L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cell & Tissue Measurements Grp, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Woodward, John T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Langenbach, Kurt J.] Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 20108 USA. [Tona, Alessandro] SAIC, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Elliott, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cell & Tissue Measurements Grp, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jelliott@nist.gov RI Halter, Michael/F-9795-2011 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AVS PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, 100 PARK DR, STE 105, CALLER BOX 13994, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1559-4106 J9 BIOINTERPHASES JI Biointerphases PD JUN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1116/1.2912936 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Materials Science GA 430HE UT WOS:000264979100030 PM 20408686 ER PT J AU Vockenroth, IK Ohm, C Robertson, JWF McGillivray, DJ Losche, M Koper, I AF Vockenroth, Inga K. Ohm, Christian Robertson, Joseph W. F. McGillivray, Duncan J. Loesche, Mathias Koeper, Ingo TI Stable insulating tethered bilayer lipid membranes SO BIOINTERPHASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Novel Model Systems for Bimolecular Lipid Membranes CY SEP 19-22, 2007 CL Schloss Ringberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Polymer Res DE biomembranes; biosensors; lipid bilayers ID ION-CHANNEL; GOLD SURFACES; BIOSENSOR; CHIP; RECORDINGS; STABILITY; KINETICS AB Tethered bilayer lipid membranes have been shown to be an excellent model system for biological membranes. Coupling of a membrane to a solid supports creates a stable system that is accessible for various surface analytical tools. Good electrical sealing properties also enable the use of the membranes in practical sensing applications. The authors have shown that tethered membranes have extended lifetimes up to several months. Air-stability of the bilayer can be achieved by coating the membrane with a hydrogel. The structure of a monolayer and its stability under applied dc potentials have been investigated by neutron scattering. C1 [Vockenroth, Inga K.; Ohm, Christian; Koeper, Ingo] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Robertson, Joseph W. F.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McGillivray, Duncan J.; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [McGillivray, Duncan J.; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Koper, I (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM koeper@mpip-mainz.mpg.de RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013; McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009; OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792; Koeper, Ingo/0000-0002-5933-6495 FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 R01 RR14812] NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1934-8630 EI 1559-4106 J9 BIOINTERPHASES JI Biointerphases PD JUN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP FA68 EP FA73 DI 10.1116/1.2912097 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Materials Science GA 430HE UT WOS:000264979100010 PM 20408671 ER PT J AU Polasky, S Nelson, E Camm, J Csuti, B Fackler, P Lonsdorf, E Montgomery, C White, D Arthur, J Garber-Yonts, B Haight, R Kagan, J Starfield, A Tobalske, C AF Polasky, Stephen Nelson, Erik Camm, Jeff Csuti, Blair Fackler, Paul Lonsdorf, Eric Montgomery, Claire White, Denis Arthur, Jeff Garber-Yonts, Brian Haight, Robert Kagan, Jimmy Starfield, Anthony Tobalske, Claudine TI Where to put things? Spatial land management to sustain biodiversity and economic returns SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; efficiency frontier; land use; tradeoffs; terrestrial vertebrates; survival probability ID MULTIPLE-USE LANDSCAPES; RESERVE SITE SELECTION; COUNTRYSIDE BIOGEOGRAPHY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INTEGRATING COSTS; CONSERVATION; FOREST; OREGON; TIMBER; ALGORITHMS AB Expanding human population and economic growth have led to large-scale conversion of natural habitat to human-dominated landscapes with consequent large-scale declines in biodiversity. Conserving biodiversity, while at the same time meeting expanding human needs, is an issue of utmost importance. In this paper we develop a spatially explicit landscape-level model for analyzing the biological and economic consequences of alternative land-use patterns. The spatially explicit biological model incorporates habitat preferences, area requirements and dispersal ability between habitat patches for terrestrial vertebrate species to predict the likely number of species that will be sustained on the landscape. The spatially explicit economic model incorporates site characteristics and location to predict economic returns for a variety of potential land uses. We apply the model to search for efficient land-use patterns that maximize biodiversity conservation objectives for given levels of economic returns, and vice versa. We apply the model to the Willamette Basin, Oregon, USA. By thinking carefully about the arrangement of activities, we find land-use patterns that sustain high levels of biodiversity and economic returns. Compared to the 1990 land-use pattern, we show that both biodiversity conservation and the value of economic activity could be increased substantially. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Polasky, Stephen; Starfield, Anthony] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Camm, Jeff] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Qualitat Anal & Operat Management, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fackler, Paul] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lonsdorf, Eric] Conservat & Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Montgomery, Claire] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Arthur, Jeff] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Garber-Yonts, Brian] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Haight, Robert] USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kagan, Jimmy; Tobalske, Claudine] Oregon Nat Heritage Informat Ctr, Portland, OR 97214 USA. [Nelson, Erik] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Polasky, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, 1994 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM polasky@umn.edu; nels1069@umn.edu; jeff.camm@uc.edu; csutiblair@aol.com; paul_fackler@ncsu.edu; ericlonsdorf@lpzoo.org; claire.montgomery@oregonstate.edu; White.Denis@epamail.epa.gov; arthur@stat.orst.edu; brian.garber-yonts@noaa.gov; rhaight@fs.fed.us; jimmy.kagan@oregonstate.edu; starf001@umn.edu; claudine.tobalske@oregonstate.edu OI Nelson, Erik/0000-0002-7291-5192 NR 100 TC 243 Z9 248 U1 12 U2 117 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1505 EP 1524 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.03.022 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324RQ UT WOS:000257536100007 ER PT J AU Viaud-Martinez, KA Brownell, RL Komnenou, A Bohonak, AJ AF Viaud-Martinez, Karine A. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Komnenou, Anastasia Bohonak, Andrew J. TI Genetic isolation and morphological divergence of Black Sea bottlenose dolphins SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; gene flow; Mediterranean sea; skull shape; Tursiops truncatus; black sea ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; PRINCIPAL-COMPONENT; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; MISSING DATA; HAPLOTYPES; PROGRAM; TREES AB The Black Sea is a semi-enclosed body of water that differs from the adjacent Mediterranean Sea in terms of its biodiversity, oceanographical and ecological characteristics. There is growing international concern about pollution in the Black Sea and other anthropogenic threats to its fauna. The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is one of three species of cetaceans living in the Azov-Black Sea basin. Despite considerable research on bottlenose dolphins elsewhere, the extent of human impacts on the Black Sea populations is unknown. Previous attempts to award special conservation status to Black Sea cetaceans have failed specifically because policy makers have viewed their ecological and evolutionary uniqueness as equivocal. This study assessed divergence between Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean bottlenose dolphins for 26 cranial measurements (n = 75 adult bottlenose dolphin skulls) and mitochondrial DNA (n = 99 individuals). Black Sea bottlenose dolphins are smaller than those in the Mediterranean, and possess a uniquely shaped skull. As in a previous study, we found the Black Sea population to be genetically distinct, with relatively low levels of mtDNA diversity. Population genetic models suggest that Black Sea bottlenose dolphins have so little gene flow with the Mediterranean due to historical isolation that they should be managed separately. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Viaud-Martinez, Karine A.; Bohonak, Andrew J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Komnenou, Anastasia] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Fac Vet, Thessaloniki 54627, Greece. RP Viaud-Martinez, KA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM kviaud@illumina.com; Robert.brownell@noaa.gov; natakomn@vet.auth.gr; bohonak@sciences.sdsu.edu NR 82 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 141 IS 6 BP 1600 EP 1611 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.004 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324RQ UT WOS:000257536100015 ER PT J AU Morgan, AW Roskov, KE Lin-Gibson, S Kaplan, DL Becker, ML Simon, CG AF Morgan, Abby W. Roskov, Kristen E. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Kaplan, David L. Becker, Matthew L. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Characterization and optimization of RGD-containing silk blends to support osteoblastic differentiation SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cell adhesion; cell differentiation; FTIR spectroscopy; polymer blends; RGD peptide; silk ID BOMBYX-MORI SILK; IN-VITRO; SPIDER-SILK; FIBROIN; CELL; BIOMATERIALS; BONE; SCAFFOLDS; CRYSTALLINITY; REGENERATION AB The effect of blending two silk proteins, regenerated Bombyx mori fibroin and synthetic spidroin containing RGD, on silk film material structure (beta-sheet content) and properties (solubility), as well as on biological response (osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation) was investigated. Although the elasticity and strength of silks make them attractive candidates for bone, ligament, and cartilage tissue engineering applications, silk proteins generally lack bioactive peptides for enhancing cell functions. Thus, a synthetic spider silk, spidroin, containing two RGD cell adhesive sequences (RGD-spidroin) was engineered. RGD-spidroin was blended with different ratios of fibroin and spun coat into films on glass coverslips. beta-Sheet formation, contact angle, surface topography and RGD surface presentation were characterized and correlated with cell behavior. We found that the amount of beta-sheet formation was directly related to the RGD-spidroin content of the blends after annealing, with the pure RGD-spidroin demonstrating the highest amount of beta-sheet content. The increased P-sheer content improved film stability under culture conditions. A new visualization technique demonstrated that the RGD presentation on the film surface was affected by both the RGD-spidroin content and annealing conditions. It was determined that 10 mass% RGD-spidroin was necessary to improve film stability and to achieve osteoblast attachment and differentiation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morgan, Abby W.; Roskov, Kristen E.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Becker, Matthew L.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Becker, ML (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mlbecker@nist.gov; carl.simon@nist.gov RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011; Whittington, Abby/C-7910-2013; Whittington, Abby/D-9266-2014 OI Whittington, Abby/0000-0002-9667-0089; Whittington, Abby/0000-0001-7401-7209 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB 002520] NR 33 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 16 BP 2556 EP 2563 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.02.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 294TG UT WOS:000255428100013 PM 18325585 ER PT J AU Qian, ZJ Jung, WK Byun, HG Kim, SK AF Qian, Zhong-Ji Jung, Won-Kyo Byun, Hee-Guk Kim, Se-Kwon TI Protective effect of an antioxidative peptide purified from gastrointestinal digests of oyster, Crassostrea gigas against free radical induced DNA damage SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant peptide; oyster Crassostrea gias; in vitro gastrointestinal; lipid peroxidation; radical scavenging activity ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; FERMENTED BLUE MUSSEL; UNDARIA-PINNATIFIDA; INHIBITORY PEPTIDE; MYTILUS-EDULIS; SAUCE; PURIFICATION; PROTEIN AB In this study, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was employed to obtain potent antioxidative peptide from protein of oyster, Crassostrea gias. The protein was subjected to hydrolysate using consecutive chromatographic methods, on a Hiprep 16/10 diethylaminoethyl fast flow (DEAE FF) anion exchange column and octadecylsilane (ODS) C18 reversed phase column. Finally, the amino acid sequence of the peptide was determined. The peptide, having the amino acid sequence Leu-Lys-Gln-Glu-Leu-Glu-Asp-Leu-Leu-Glu-Lys-Gln-Glu (1.60 kDa), exhibited the higher activity against polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation than that of native antioxidant, atocopherol. The free radical scavenging assay conducted using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, clearly exhibited that it scavenged hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical at IC50 values of 28.76 mu M and 78.97 mu M, respectively. Further, we investigated its antioxidant activities on cellular system, and the results showed that purified peptide significantly scavenged cellular radicals and protective effect on DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals generated. Furthermore (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity on human embryonic lung fibroblasts cell line (MRC-5) and mouse macrophages cell (RAW264.7), respectively. These results indicate that this peptide shows potent antioxidant. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qian, Zhong-Ji; Kim, Se-Kwon] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Kim, Se-Kwon] Pukyong Natl Univ, Marine Bioprocesss Res Ctr, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Jung, Won-Kyo] Louisiana State Univ, Dept NOAA Sea Grant Dev & Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Byun, Hee-Guk] Kangnung Natl Univ, Fac Marine Biosci & Technol, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. RP Kim, SK (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608737, South Korea. EM sknkim@pknu.ac.kr RI Kim, Se-Kwon/B-8848-2012; OI Jung, Won-Kyo/0000-0002-1615-750X; Kim, Se-Kwon/0000-0001-6507-9539 NR 27 TC 111 Z9 128 U1 8 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 99 IS 9 BP 3365 EP 3371 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.018 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 281EI UT WOS:000254479300006 PM 17904358 ER PT J AU Fishman, J Bowman, KW Burrows, JP Richter, A Chance, KV Edwards, DP Martin, RV Morris, GA Pierce, RB Ziemke, JR Al-Saadi, JA Creilson, JK Schaack, TK Thompson, AM AF Fishman, Jack Bowman, Kevin W. Burrows, John P. Richter, Andreas Chance, Kelly V. Edwards, David P. Martin, Randall V. Morris, Gary A. Pierce, R. Bradley Ziemke, Jerald R. Al-Saadi, Jassim A. Creilson, John K. Schaack, Todd K. Thompson, Anne M. TI Remote sensing of tropospheric pollution from space SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; GOME MEASUREMENTS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; OZONE BUDGET; EMISSIONS; NO2 AB Geostationary satellite observations of chemically reactive trace gases will provide unique insight into the evolution and extent of air pollution with the temporal resolution necessary to address air quality on a daily basis. C1 [Fishman, Jack; Al-Saadi, Jassim A.; Creilson, John K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Bowman, Kevin W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Burrows, John P.; Richter, Andreas] Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. [Chance, Kelly V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Edwards, David P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Univ, Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Morris, Gary A.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Madison, WI USA. [Ziemke, Jerald R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schaack, Todd K.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Thompson, Anne M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fishman, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM jack.fishman@nasa.gov RI Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 85 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 6 BP 805 EP 821 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2526.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323RZ UT WOS:000257467400014 ER PT J AU Livezey, RE Timofeyeva, MM AF Livezey, Robert E. Timofeyeva, Marina M. TI The first decade of long-lead US seasonal forecasts - Insights from a skill analysis SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE NORMALS; PREDICTION; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; ANOMALIES; IMPACTS AB A retrospective assessment of U.S. long lead seasonal forecast skill reveals continued progress, sources of usable skill, influences of climate change, and paths for improvement. C1 [Livezey, Robert E.] Climate Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Livezey, Robert E.] NOAA, NWS, Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Timofeyeva, Marina M.] University Corp Atmospher Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Livezey, RE (reprint author), Climate Serv, W-OS4,Rm 13370,SSMC2,1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM marina.timofeyeva@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 6 BP 843 EP 854 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2488.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323RZ UT WOS:000257467400017 ER PT J AU Shaw, FR Gunderson, DR AF Shaw, Franklin R. Gunderson, Donald R. TI Notes on the life history traits of the rosethorn rockfish, Sebastes helvomaculatus SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID AGE-DETERMINATION; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; PACIFIC OCEAN; LONGEVITY; OTOLITHS; FISHES; HABITAT; ALUTUS; GROWTH; OREGON AB The rosethorn rockfish, Sebastes helvomaculatus, inhabits the Northeast Pacific Ocean along the west coast of North America from the Coronado Islands, California to Cape Yakataga, Alaska in the north and the Shumagin Islands, Alaska to the west. Adults inhabit depths ranging from 22 to 507 m and are usually found resting solitary in crevices or caves on vertical wall habitat or in mud protected by boulders or cobble. The maximum observed size was found in a female specimen 420 mm fork length (FL) and 1200 g. Age composition and growth were estimated from sectioned sagittal otoliths of 194 fish collected in 1995. Ages ranged from 6 to 64 years. Growth was slow and was best described by the von Bertalanffy growth model. A total of 82 gonads was collected throughout 1995. Reproductive observations for rosethorn rockfish showed an annual cycle with group synchronous development producing only one brood per year. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) peaked in November for males and in May for females. Parturition occurs from May to June. The length at 50% maturity was 228 mm FL for males and 208 mm FL for females. The rate of natural mortality (M) was estimated to be 0.04 using the GSI method and 0.07 using the maximum age method. C1 [Shaw, Franklin R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gunderson, Donald R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shaw, FR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Frank.Shaw@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 123 EP 136 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 351LY UT WOS:000259427000001 ER PT J AU Donohoe, CJ Adams, PB Royer, CF AF Donohoe, Christopher J. Adams, Peter B. Royer, Chantell F. TI Influence of water chemistry and migratory distance on ability to distinguish progeny of sympatric resident and anadromous rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; FRESH-WATER; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CUTTHROAT TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; FISH OTOLITHS; STEELHEAD; STRONTIUM AB Otolith Sr:Ca ratios near primordia (Sr:Ca-Core) have been used to distinguish progeny of resident and anadromous Oncorhynchus mykiss and to estimate rates of exchange between the two forms; however, the influences of confounding variables on Sr:Ca-Core have not been quantified. We analyzed Sr:Ca-Core in juvenile O.amykiss produced at 13 California hatcheries that spawn primarily resident or anadromous broodstock. Mean Sr:Ca-Core of progeny of resident females increased with increasing Sr:Ca ratio of the stream (Sr:Ca-Water) in which the mother spawned (r(2) = 0.71). Mean Sr:Ca-Core of progeny of anadromous females averaged 1.0 x 10(-3) higher, also increased with Sr:Ca-Water, and decreased with increasing migratory difficulty (distance x elevation) of the mother (r(2) = 0.96). Model results predict that discrimination of sympatric progeny is equally good among streams where Sr:Ca-Water is less than 5ammol center dot mol(-1), but limited at higher Sr:Ca-Water or when anadromous females return to freshwater 6 months or more before spawning (e.g., summer steelhead). The models also provide an alternative method of interpreting Sr:Ca-Core data that can improve discrimination between sympatric progeny. Analysis of adults from one stream and eight hatchery sites suggested that resident females made little or no contribution to populations of anadromous adults, but anadromous females contributed to populations of resident adults. C1 [Donohoe, Christopher J.; Adams, Peter B.; Royer, Chantell F.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Donohoe, Christopher J.; Royer, Chantell F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Donohoe, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cdonohoe@pmc.ucsc.edu NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1060 EP 1075 DI 10.1139/F08-029 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322ER UT WOS:000257358500005 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Hare, JA Wood, GB Col, LA Buckley, LJ Mountain, DG Kane, J Brodziak, J Lough, RG Pilskaln, CH AF Friedland, Kevin D. Hare, Jonathan A. Wood, Grayson B. Col, Laurel A. Buckley, Lawrence J. Mountain, David G. Kane, Joseph Brodziak, Jon Lough, R. Gregory Pilskaln, Cynthia H. TI Does the fall phytoplankton bloom control recruitment of Georges Bank haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, through parental condition? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; NEW-ENGLAND GROUNDFISH; SCOTIAN SHELF; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; FISH POPULATIONS; GROWTH; LARVAE; GULF; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB In 2003, the Georges Bank stock of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) experienced the largest recruitment event recorded during its assessed history. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain recruitment variability in this much-scrutinized stock, including variability in the retention of eggs and larvae on Georges Bank, the timing of haddock spawning, and variability in the spring bloom, which influences larval growth and survival. Although these processes may contribute to the formation of successful year classes, none of the factors associated with these previous hypotheses provides an adequate explanation of the 2003 recruitment event. We analyzed data on the dynamics of the fall phytoplankton bloom the year prior to spawning and show it to be highly correlated with subsequent recruitment. We suggest that the fall bloom affects recruitment through enhanced condition of adults and by increasing the quantity and quality of their reproductive output, which in turn leads to a higher probability of survival of their offspring. Although synoptic data on the fall bloom are limited and our analyses are correlative, our purpose is to stimulate a rigorous test of this promising "parental condition hypothesis". C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.; Hare, Jonathan A.; Wood, Grayson B.; Kane, Joseph] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Col, Laurel A.; Mountain, David G.; Lough, R. Gregory] NMFS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Buckley, Lawrence J.] Univ Rhode Isl, NOAA CMER Program, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Brodziak, Jon] NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Biol & Stock Assessment Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pilskaln, Cynthia H.] Univ Massachusetts, SMAST, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1076 EP 1086 DI 10.1139/F08-040 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322ER UT WOS:000257358500006 ER PT J AU Kastelle, CR Kimura, DK Goetz, BJ AF Kastelle, Craig R. Kimura, Daniel K. Goetz, Betty J. TI Bomb radiocarbon age validation of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) using new statistical methods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; QUALITY-CONTROL; LEAD-RADIUM; ROCKFISH; OTOLITHS; CHRONOMETER; RUBERRIMUS; PINNIGER; GROWTH; FISH AB We used bomb-produced radiocarbon (C-14) to validate ages of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus), which are routinely estimated with the cut-and-burn method at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (Seattle, Washington, USA). New statistical methods to compare Delta C-14 in validation samples with a reference chronology are introduced: (i) calculating confidence intervals around the LOESS-smoothed Delta C-14 reference chronology using simultaneous inference; (ii) purposely adding biases to the validation sample ages and then analyzing the sum of squared residuals of the validation samples' Delta C-14 about the LOESS-smoothed reference chronology; and (iii) standardizing the Delta C-14 measurements from the validation sample to better fit the reference chronology. Standardized Delta C-14 measurements are particularly useful when researchers suspect that environmental and biological differences between the validation samples and the reference chronology may exist that affect the level, but not the timing, of Delta C-14 in the samples. These new methods can be applied simultaneously. Two previous bomb radiocarbon studies on canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) and black drum (Pogonias cromis) were reanalyzed, further illustrating the usefulness of these new methods. C1 [Kastelle, Craig R.; Kimura, Daniel K.; Goetz, Betty J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kastelle, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM craig.kastelle@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1101 EP 1112 DI 10.1139/F08-038 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322ER UT WOS:000257358500008 ER PT J AU Hand, CP Ludsin, SA Fryer, BJ Marsden, JE AF Hand, Carrol P. Ludsin, Stuart A. Fryer, Brian J. Marsden, J. Ellen TI Statolith microchemistry as a technique for discriminating among Great Lakes sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) spawning tributaries SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; FISH OTOLITHS; ELEMENTS; LARVAL; INCREMENTS; SUPERIOR; STREAMS; HURON; AGE AB Laurentian Great Lakes fishery management agencies are seeking ways to identify natal origins of parasitic- and spawning-phase sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) so that efforts to control this invasive species can be prioritized. We developed laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as a technique to quantify elemental concentrations in larval sea lamprey statoliths and explored the use of statolith microchemistry as a tool to discriminate among larval sea lamprey production streams. Our analyses demonstrate that (i) traversing across the statolith with the laser is preferable to drilling down through its apex, (ii) preserving specimens in 95% ethanol versus freezing them has minimal effects on elemental concentrations, (iii) a minimum of 15 individuals per stream should accurately depict stream-specific statolith elemental signatures, and (iv) LA-ICP-MS is preferable to particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) for statolith analysis, based on higher precision, lower cost, reduced sampling-time requirements, and wider availability. Using LA-ICP-MS, we could discriminate among larvae from 13 streams located in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior with 82% classification accuracy, indicating that this tool holds promise for determining natal origins of sea lamprey in the Great Lakes. C1 [Hand, Carrol P.; Fryer, Brian J.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Ludsin, Stuart A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Marsden, J. Ellen] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Ludsin, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM ludsin.1@osu.edu RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010 OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1153 EP 1164 DI 10.1139/F08-045 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322ER UT WOS:000257358500013 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Ryer, CH Parker, SJ Auster, PJ Wakefield, WW AF Stoner, Allan W. Ryer, Clifford H. Parker, Steven J. Auster, Peter J. Wakefield, W. Waldo TI Evaluating the role of fish behavior in surveys conducted with underwater vehicles SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DEEP-WATER FISH; COD GADUS-MORHUA; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SEBASTOLOBUS SPP.; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; ARTIFICIAL-LIGHT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TRAWLING VESSEL; REEF FISHES; PISCES-IV AB It is often assumed that visual survey data provide more accurate fish counts than conventional extractive gear. As a result, use of underwater vehicles to assess the abundance and distribution of fishes has increased rapidly over recent years. However, a review of observations reported for 48 demersal marine fish taxa showed that almost all respond in some way to underwater vehicles. Whether or not movements or changes in behavior affect survey bias is more difficult to assess. A simple conceptual model is presented to evaluate relationships between stimulus intensity, distances from the vehicle where reactions occur, and survey bias. Largest bias is caused by attraction or avoidance that occurs outside the field of cameras or observers. While light level and vehicle speed have been explored experimentally in a few cases, much remains to be learned about how bias varies among species, age groups, different vehicles, and operating conditions. Given poor understanding of survey bias, we recommend that surveys be conducted with minimum possible variation in operations and that vehicle time is devoted to experimental evaluation of methods. There is no good substitute for direct observations on fish behavior, distribution, and abundance; and survey design can be improved through experimentation. C1 [Stoner, Allan W.; Ryer, Clifford H.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Parker, Steven J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wakefield, W. Waldo] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM al.stoner@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1243 DI 10.1139/F08-032 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322ER UT WOS:000257358500019 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, PLM Vera, CS Liebmann, B Kiladis, G AF Gonzalez, P. L. M. Vera, C. S. Liebmann, B. Kiladis, G. TI Intraseasonal variability in subtropical South America as depicted by precipitation data SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Intraseasonal variability; South America; Precipitation; Convection; Warm season ID ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; RAINFALL AB Daily precipitation data from three stations in subtropical Argentina are used to describe intraseasonal variability (20-90 days) during the austral summer. This variability is compared locally and regionally with that present in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data, in order to evaluate the performance of this variable as a proxy for convection in the region. The influence of the intraseasonal activity of the South American Seesaw (SASS) leading convection pattern on precipitation is also explored. Results show that intraseasonal variability explains a significant portion of summer precipitation variance, with a clear maximum in the vicinity of the SASS subtropical center. Correlation analysis reveals that OLR can explain only a small portion of daily precipitation variability, implying that it does not constitute a proper proxy for precipitation on daily timescales. On intraseasonal timescales, though, OLR is able to reproduce the main features of precipitation variability. The dynamical conditions that promote the development of intraseasonal variability in the region are further analyzed for selected summers. Seasons associated with a strong intraseasonal signal in precipitation variability show distinctive wet/dry intraseasonal periods in daily raw data, and are associated with a well defined SASS-like spatial pattern of convection. During these summers, strong large-scale forcing (such as warm El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and/or tropical intraseasonal convective activity), and Rossby-wave-like circulation anomalies extending across the Pacific Ocean, are also observed. C1 [Gonzalez, P. L. M.; Vera, C. S.] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera,CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Liebmann, B.] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Kiladis, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gonzalez, PLM (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera,CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM pgonzalez@cima.fcen.uba.ar OI Gonzalez, Paula/0000-0003-0154-0087 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 7-8 BP 727 EP 744 DI 10.1007/s00382-007-0319-9 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 289YT UT WOS:000255090500004 ER PT J AU Mignone, BK Socolow, RH Sarmiento, JL Oppenheimer, M AF Mignone, Bryan K. Socolow, Robert H. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Oppenheimer, Michael TI Atmospheric stabilization and the timing of carbon mitigation SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; POLICY; STABILITY; OCEAN; MODEL AB Stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations below a pre-industrial doubling (similar to 550 ppm) is a commonly cited target in climate policy assessment. When the rate at which future emissions can fall is assumed to be fixed, the peak atmospheric concentration - or the stabilization "frontier" - is an increasing and convex function of the length of postponement. Here we find that a decline in emissions of 1% year(-1) beginning today would place the frontier near 475 ppm and that when mitigation is postponed, options disappear (on average) at the rate of similar to 9 ppm year(-1), meaning that delays of more than a decade will likely preclude stabilization below a doubling. When constraints on the future decline rate of emissions are relaxed, a particular atmospheric target can be realized in many ways, with scenarios that allow longer postponement of emissions reductions requiring greater increases in the intensity of future mitigation. However, the marginal rate of substitution between future mitigation and present delay becomes prohibitively large when the balance is shifted too far toward the future, meaning that some amount of postponement cannot be fully offset by simply increasing the intensity of future mitigation. Consequently, these results suggest that a practical transition path to a given stabilization target in the most commonly cited range can allow, at most, one or two decades of delay. C1 [Mignone, Bryan K.] Brookings Inst, Foreign Policy Studies Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Socolow, Robert H.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mignone, BK (reprint author), Brookings Inst, Foreign Policy Studies Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM bmignone@brookings.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUN PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10584-007-9391-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 309QU UT WOS:000256476100002 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, EL Bunk, DM AF Kilpatrick, E. L. Bunk, D. M. TI Application of affinity purification in the determination of C-reactive protein in human serum samples SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Kilpatrick, E. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston, SC USA. [Bunk, D. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 SU S MA D112 BP A179 EP A179 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 307NN UT WOS:000256325700557 ER PT J AU Horkay, F Hammouda, B AF Horkay, Ferenc Hammouda, Boualem TI Small-angle neutron scattering from typical synthetic and biopolymer solutions SO COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE small-angle neutron scattering; polymer solution; solvation; clustering; hydrophilic; hydrophobic interaction ID MIXTURES; GELS AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to investigate the solution properties of four model polymers, two poly-amino acids [poly(lysine) and poly(proline)], and two water-soluble synthetic polymers [poly(acrylic acid) and poly(ethylene oxide)]. In each case, one of the two polymers is charged, while the other is neutral. SANS measurements were made in the semi-dilute concentration regime in two different solvents [d-water and d-ethylene glycol]. The scattering signals were decomposed into low-Q clustering and high-Q solvation contributions. The temperature dependence of the scattering parameters was determined for poly(lysine) and poly(ethylene oxide) solutions over the temperature range of 13 to 82 degrees C. Analysis of the SANS spectra revealed that with increasing temperature, the solvation intensity increased in both solvents, while the clustering intensity increased in d-water and decreased in d-ethylene glycol. Significant differences were observed between the SANS spectra of charged and neutral polymer solutions. However, biopolymers and synthetic polymers exhibited qualitatively similar behavior. C1 [Horkay, Ferenc] NICHD, NIH, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Horkay, F (reprint author), NICHD, NIH, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, 13 S Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM horkay@helix.nih.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-402X J9 COLLOID POLYM SCI JI Colloid Polym. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 286 IS 6-7 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1007/s00396-008-1849-3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 304DD UT WOS:000256089300001 ER PT J AU Xin, Y Filatyev, SA Biswas, K Gore, JP Rehm, RG Baum, HR AF Xin, Y. Filatyev, S. A. Biswas, K. Gore, J. P. Rehm, R. G. Baum, H. R. TI Fire dynamics simulations of a one-meter diameter methane fire SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE fire dynamics; numerical simulation; turbulent buoyant flames; combustion models AB A one-meter diameter-methane fire was simulated to validate a fire dynamics simulation code for large-scale fires. A uniform grid size of 2.5 cm in the entire computational domain is used. Therefore, only large-scale motions of the fire are resolved. The subgrid-scale heat release is modeled using a mixture-fraction-based combustion model. The radiative heat loss is computed using two methods: a fixed radiative fraction method and a finite volume method. The Computed puffing cycle frequency is affected very weakly by the radiation heat loss. The vertical velocity magnitudes without considering radiation beat loss are about 15% higher, particularly at locations farther away from the burner exit. Good agreement between the predictions and the recent data from Tieszen and co-workers at Sandia National Laboratory confirms the feasibility of fire dynamics simulations of relatively large fires. (c) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xin, Y.; Filatyev, S. A.; Biswas, K.; Gore, J. P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rehm, R. G.; Baum, H. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Filatyev, SA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sergei.a.filatyev@conocophillips.com OI Biswas, Kaushik/0000-0002-4177-6230 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 4 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.01.013 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 307LG UT WOS:000256319800002 ER PT J AU Amberg, JJ Myr, C Kamisaka, Y Jordal, AEO Rust, MB Hardy, RW Koedijk, R Ronnestad, I AF Amberg, J. J. Myr, C. Kamisaka, Y. Jordal, A. -E. O. Rust, M. B. Hardy, R. W. Koedijk, R. Ronnestad, I. TI Expression of the oligopeptide transporter, PepT1, in larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oligopeptide transporter; PepT1; teleost; cod; Gadus morhua; expression; exogenous feeding; rotifer diet; microdiet ID MARINE FISH LARVAE; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; DIETARY-PROTEIN; SMALL-INTESTINE; GROWTH; FOOD; REQUIREMENTS; ROTIFERS; EMPHASIS; ENZYMES AB The intestinal absorption of di- and tri-peptides generally occurs via the oligopeptide transporter, PepT1 This study evaluates the expression of PepT1 in larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) during the three weeks following the onset of exogenous feeding. Larval Atlantic cod were fed either wild captured zooplankton or enriched rotifers. cDNA was prepared from whole cod larvae preceding first feeding and at 1000 each Tuesday and Thursday for the following three weeks. Spatial and temporal expression patterns of PepT1 mRNA were compared between fish consuming the two prey types using in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR. Results indicated that PepT1 mRNA was expressed prior to the onset of exogenous feeding. In addition, PepT1 was expressed throughout the digestive system except the esophagus and sphincter regions. Expression slightly increased following first-feeding and continued to increase throughout the study for larvae feeding on both prey types. When comparing PepT1 expression in larvae larger than 0.15-mg dry mass with expression levels in larvae prior to feeding, no differences were detected for larvae fed rotifers, but the larvae fed zooplankton had significantly greater PepT1 expression at the larger size. In addition, PepT1 expression in the zooplankton fed larvae larger than 0.15-mg dry mass had significantly greater expression than rotifer fed larvae of a similar weight. Switching prey types did not affect PepT1 expression. These results indicate that Atlantic cod PepT1 expression was slightly different relative to dietary treatment during the three weeks following first-feeding. In addition, PepT1 may play an important role in the larval nutrition since it is widely expressed in the digestive tract. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Amberg, J. J.; Hardy, R. W.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Myr, C.; Kamisaka, Y.; Jordal, A. -E. O.; Koedijk, R.; Ronnestad, I.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Rust, M. B.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Amberg, JJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM jamberg@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Ronnestad, Ivar/A-1774-2013 OI Ronnestad, Ivar/0000-0001-8789-0197 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 150 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.02.011 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 311QA UT WOS:000256613500006 PM 18396432 ER PT J AU Ford, M Hard, JJ Boelts, B Lahood, E Miller, J AF Ford, Michael J. Hard, Jeffrey J. Boelts, Brant Lahood, Eric Miller, Jason TI Estimates of natural selection in a salmon population in captive and natural environments SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial propagation; captive breeding; domestication selection; hatchery; Oncorhynchus kisutch; parentage analysis ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BODY-SIZE; BREEDING COMPETITION; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL SELECTION; STEELHEAD TROUT; FITNESS DECLINE AB Captive breeding is a commonly used strategy for species conservation. One risk of captive breeding is domestication selection-selection for traits that are advantageous in captivity but deleterious in the wild. Domestication selection is of particular concern for species that are bred in captivity for many generations and that have a high potential to interbreed with wild populations. Domestication is understood conceptually at a broad level, but relatively little is known about bow natural selection differs empirically between wild and captive environments. We used genetic parentage analysis to measure natural selection on time of migration, weight, and morphology for a coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)population that was subdivided into captive and natural components. Our goal was to determine whether natural selection acting on the traits we measured differed significantly between the captive and natural environments. For males, larger individuals were favored in both the captive and natural environments in all years of the study, indicating that selection on these traits in captivity was similar to that in the wild. For females, selection on weight was significantly stronger in the natural environment than in the captive environment in 1 year and similar in the 2 environments in 2 other years. In both environments, there was evidence of selection for later time of return for both males and females. Selection on measured traits other than weight and run timing was relatively weak. Our results are a concrete example of bow estimates of natural selection during captivity can be used to evaluate this common risk of captive breeding programs. C1 [Ford, Michael J.; Hard, Jeffrey J.; Lahood, Eric; Miller, Jason] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Boelts, Brant] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Ford, M (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 783 EP 794 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00965.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800035 PM 18577092 ER PT J AU Prada, MC Appeldoorn, RS Rivera, JA AF Prada, M. C. Appeldoorn, R. S. Rivera, J. A. TI The effects of minimum map unit in coral reefs maps generated from high resolution side scan sonar mosaics SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE scale dependence; minimum mapping unit; spatial indices; coral reef maps; side scan sonar ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; HOME-RANGE SIZE; SPECIES RICHNESS; MARINE RESERVE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; FISH COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY AB Changes in coral habitats from benthic maps at two minimum mapping units (4 and 400 m(2)) were examined across 600 ha at the Puerto Rico insular shelf. The maps were produced by visually interpreting high resolution side scan sonar seafloor mosaics. Comparisons were performed by using published spatial indices based on patch size and abundance. At the fine scale, small coral patches were dominant and had more complex shapes, while coarse scale maps lost information on small or rare habitats, but included new mixed habitat categories that helped conserve estimates of total habitat area. Variations in spatial indices occurred across spatial scales, but trends were not necessarily predictable. For instance, habitat diversity increased at the coarse scale maps, but habitat richness remained unchanged. Differences were related as much to the peculiarities of the abundance, shape and arrangement of habitats at the two sites as to changes in grain size. C1 [Prada, M. C.; Appeldoorn, R. S.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. [Rivera, J. A.] NOAA Fisheries Miami Lab, Biodivers & Protected Resources Div, Boqueron, PR 00622 USA. RP Prada, MC (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez Campus,POB 908, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. EM pradamc@gmail.com NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 297 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s00338-007-0328-5 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 291IV UT WOS:000255191100008 ER PT J AU Henry, LA Nizinski, MS Ross, SW AF Henry, Lea-Anne Nizinski, Martha S. Ross, Steve W. TI Occurrence and biogeography of hydroids (Cnidaria : Hydrozoa) from deep-water coral habitats off the southeastern United States SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE hydroids; deep-water corals; Lophelia pertusa; biogeography; reproduction; southeastern USA; Caribbean ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; COMMERCIAL SCALLOP GROUNDS; BLAKE PLATEAU; REEFS; ASSEMBLAGES; BERMUDA; FLORIDA; FAUNA; GENUS; SEA AB Deep-water coral habitats off the southeastern USA (SEUS) support diverse fish and invertebrate assemblages, but are poorly explored. This study is the first to report on the hydroids collected from these habitats in this area. Thirty-five species, including two species that are likely new to science, were identified from samples collected primarily by manned submersible during 2001-2005 from deep-water coral habitats off North Carolina to east-central Florida. Eleven of the species had not been reported since the 19th to mid-20th century. Ten species, and one family, the Rosalindidae, are documented for the first time in the SEUS. Latitudinal ranges of 15 species are extended, and the deepest records in the western North Atlantic for 10 species are reported. A species accumulation curve illustrated that we continue to add to our knowledge of hydroid diversity in these habitats. Sexually mature individuals were collected for 19 species during the summer to early autumn months. Most of the observed species (89%) liberate planula larvae as part of their life cycles, suggesting that these species exhibit a reproductive strategy that reduces the risk of dispersal to suboptimal habitats. Hydroids occurred across various substrata including coral rubble, live corals, rock and other animal hosts including hydroids themselves. All observed species were regionally widespread with typically deep-neritic to bathyal sub-tropical/tropical distributions. Hydroid assemblages from deep-water SEUS coral habitats were most similar to those from adjacent deep-water habitats off the SEUS (17 shared species), and those in the Straits of Florida/Bahamas and Caribbean/West Indian regions (14 and 8 shared species, respectively). The similarity to sub-tropical and tropical assemblages and the richness of plumularioids in the SEUS deep-water coral habitats support the idea of a Pleistocene intrusion of tropical species northwards following an intensification of the Gulf Stream from the Caribbean. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Henry, Lea-Anne] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. [Nizinski, Martha S.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ross, Steve W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. RP Henry, LA (reprint author), Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. EM leaanner.roberts@gmail.com; nizinski@si.edu; rosss@uncw.edu NR 75 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 788 EP 800 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.002 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 320RP UT WOS:000257253000006 ER PT J AU Lopez-Suevos, F Dickens, SH AF Lopez-Suevos, Francisco Dickens, Sabine H. TI Degree of cure and fracture properties of experimental acid-resin modified composites under wet and dry conditions SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE flexure strength; elastic modulus; work of fracture; dental composites; adhesive composites ID DENTAL RESINS; BIS-GMA; POLYMERIZATION; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CONVERSION; MONOMERS; SYSTEMS AB Objective. Evaluate the effects of core structure and storage conditions on the mechanical properties of acid-resin modified composites and a control material by three point bending and conversion measurements 15 min and 24 h after curing. Methods. The monomers pyromellitic dimethacrylate (PMDM), biphenyldicarboxylic-acid dimethacrylate (BPDM), (isopropylidene-diphenoxy)bis(phthalic-acid) dimethacrylate (IPDM), oxydiphthalic-acid dimethacrylate (ODPDM), and Bis-GMA were mixed with triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) in a 40/60 molar ratio, and photo-activated. Composite bars (Barium-oxide-glass/resin =3/1 mass ratio, (2 mm x 2 mm x 25 mm), n=5) were light-cured for 1 min per side. Flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (E), and work-of-fracture (WoF) were determined in three-point bending after 15 min (stored dry); and after 24 h under dry and wet storage conditions at 37 C. Corresponding degrees of conversion (DC) were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Data was statistically analyzed (2-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, Holm-Sidak, p < 0.05). Results. Post-curing significantly increased FS, E and DC in nearly all cases. WoF did not change, or even decreased with time. For all properties ANOVA found significant differences and interactions of time and material. Wet storage reduced the moduli and the other properties measured with the exception of FS and WoF of ODPDM; DC only decreased in BPDM and IPDM composites. Significance. Differences in core structure resulted in significantly different physical properties of the composites studied with two phenyl rings connected by one ether linkage as in ODPDM having superior FS, WoF and DC especially after 24 h under wet conditions. As expected, post-curing significantly contributed to the final mechanical properties of the composites, while wet storage generally reduced the mechanical properties. (C) 2007 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez-Suevos, Francisco; Dickens, Sabine H.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dickens, SH (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sabine.dickens@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R21 DE016298, R21 DE016298-02, DE16298] NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 778 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.denta1.2007.09.006 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 302IF UT WOS:000255961300010 PM 17980422 ER PT J AU Kessler, E AF Kessler, Edwin TI Energies and Policies SO ENERGIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kessler, Edwin] Univ Oklahoma, Kessler Farm Field Lab, Purcell, OK 73080 USA. [Kessler, Edwin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Kessler, E (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Kessler Farm Field Lab, 18388 290th St, Purcell, OK 73080 USA. EM kess3@swbell.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.3390/en1010038 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA V11GK UT WOS:000207519900005 ER PT J AU Meadows, DW Adams, SB Schaefer, JF AF Meadows, Dwayne W. Adams, Susan B. Schaefer, Jacob F. TI Threatened fishes of the world: Alosa alabamae (Jordan and Evermann, 1896) (Clupeidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article C1 [Meadows, Dwayne W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources F PR3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Adams, Susan B.] USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Schaefer, Jacob F.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Meadows, DW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources F PR3, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Dwayne.Meadows@noaa.gov RI Adams, Susan/C-3559-2008 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9270-1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 291IX UT WOS:000255191300008 ER PT J AU Lee, JSF Bereijikian, BA AF Lee, Jonathan S. F. Bereijikian, Barry A. TI Stability of behavioral syndromes but plasticity in individual behavior: consequences for rockfish stock enhancement SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE hatchery; unintentional selection; behavioral syndrome; Sebastes auriculatus ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; POPULATIONS; FISH; WILD; DOMESTICATION; STICKLEBACKS AB This study investigated behavioral syndromes, which are defined as correlations between behaviors. Behavioral syndromes can lead to the unintentional alteration of a wide range of behavioral traits of hatchery fish if unintentional selection on one behavior leads to selection on a correlated behavior. Specifically, this study used brown rockfish, Sebastes auriculatus, to test the hypothesis that a fish that feeds at high rates in the absence of a predator also takes more risks when a predator is present, and that through such a correlation, unintentional hatchery selection for high feeding rates may also lead to changes in risk taking behavior (here defined as behavior that increases predation risk). Behavioral syndromes were found-feeding behavior in the absence of a predator tended to correlate positively with both feeding behavior in the presence of a predator model and time near the model. These syndromes were stable through time-that is, the same correlations appeared 10 days later when the behavioral assays were repeated. However individual behavior was inconsistent (plastic). A fish could both feed and take risks at high rates on Day 1, but then both feed and take risks at low rates on Day 10. Thus, while behavioral syndromes were stable (i.e. present in both rounds 1 and 2), individuals were plastic in their behavior (i.e. inconsistent between rounds 1 and 2). After 16 weeks of hatchery rearing, neither growth nor survival were predicted by behavior. It is suggested that the behavioral plasticity within individuals through time makes consistent selection for strong feeders less likely, and that species with more plastic behavior may be less susceptible to unintentional selection on behavioral syndromes than species with behavior that is more fixed. C1 [Lee, Jonathan S. F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lee, JSF (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Port Orchard, WA 98353 USA. EM jon.lee@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9288-4 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 291IX UT WOS:000255191300011 ER PT J AU Love, MS Yoklavich, M AF Love, Milton S. Yoklavich, Mary TI Habitat characteristics of juvenile cowcod, Sebastes levis (Scorpaenidae), in Southern California SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE essential fish habitat; nursery; recruitment; rockfishes ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SEA-FLOOR; ASSOCIATIONS; BAY; BIGHT AB We characterized habitat requirements of juvenile cowcod, Sebastes levis, using information from surveys conducted aboard the manned research submersible Delta. We conducted 303 dive surveys on rocky banks and outcrops in water depths between 28 and 365 m in southern and central California, covering 483 km (963,940 m(2)) of seafloor. We counted 549,263 fishes from at least 134 species; 216 individuals were juvenile cowcod, S. levis, of 45 cm or less in total length (TL). Juvenile cowcod occupied depths between 52 and 330 m and demonstrated ontogenetic shifts in their habitat associations. Small fish (5-20 cm TL) lived primarily among cobbles or cobbles and small boulders. As fish grew, they moved into high-relief rock habitats, including boulder fields and rock ridges. Small cowcods were found with pygmy, Sebastes wilsoni, and swordspine, Sebastes ensifer, rockfishes. Larger juveniles often associated with juvenile bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis, juvenile widow rockfish, Sebastes entomelas, and squarespot rockfish, Sebastes hopkinsi. Our study resulted in a characterization of seafloor habitats on a small spatial scale that is relevant to juvenile cowcod nursery areas, which is important when considering effective management strategies for this overfished species. C1 [Love, Milton S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. [Yoklavich, Mary] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Love, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. EM love@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9290-x PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 291IX UT WOS:000255191300013 ER PT J AU Hall, AJ Gulland, FMD Ylitalo, GM Greig, DJ Lowenstine, L AF Hall, A. J. Gulland, F. M. D. Ylitalo, G. M. Greig, D. J. Lowenstine, L. TI Changes in blubber contaminant concentrations in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) associated with weight loss and gain during rehabilitation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; GREY SEALS; MARINE MAMMALS; BODY CONDITION; ORGANOCHLORINES; ABSORPTION; LACTATION; EXPOSURE; PCBS; PUPS AB California sea lions have high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPS) in their blubber. Animals affected by domoic acid fast and refeed during their rehabilitation. We studied the effect of decreases in total body mass (16 +/- 7% of initial body mass) on blubber POP contaminant concentrations and estimated POP burdens during fasting (12 +/- 5 days) in 19 California sea lions. The effect of refeeding (92 +/- 8% of initial body mass) was also investigated. Significant increases in the concentration of all POPs were found over the mass loss period and decreases during mass gain. A basic mass balance model indicated that the changes did not conform to a simple concentrating and diluting pattern and a proportion of the contaminants were lost from the lipid pool. During mass loss, the lower chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, chlordanes, and hexachlorocyclohexanes were lost at a higher rate than the other contaminant classes (particularly polybrominated diphenyl others). During mass gain the behavior of all contaminant classes was more consistent with the dilution model. These results indicate the importance of considering the energetic context when sampling blubber for long-term contaminant monitoring and suggest an initial approach to adjust for such differences. C1 [Hall, A. J.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Gulland, F. M. D.; Greig, D. J.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Ylitalo, G. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lowenstine, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hall, AJ (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM ajh7@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Hall, Ailsa/E-1596-2011 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4181 EP 4187 DI 10.1021/es702685p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 306UW UT WOS:000256274300047 PM 18589985 ER PT J AU Le Brun, AP Holt, SA Shah, DS Majkrzak, CF Lakey, JH AF Le Brun, Anton P. Holt, Stephen A. Shah, Deepan S. Majkrzak, Charles F. Lakey, Jeremy H. TI Monitoring the assembly of antibody-binding membrane protein arrays using polarised neutron reflection SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Proteins at Work 2007 CY MAY 28-30, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY ID GOLD; REFLECTOMETRY; MONOLAYER; SURFACES; COMPLEX; DOMAIN; FILMS AB Protein arrays are used in a wide range of applications. The array described here binds IgG antibodies, produced in rabbit, to gold surfaces via a scaffold protein. The scaffold protein is a fusion of the monomeric E. coli porin outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and the Z domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A. The OmpA binds to gold surfaces via a cysteine residue in a periplasmic turn and the Z domain binds immunoglobulins via their constant region. Polarised Neutron Reflection is used to probe the structure perpendicular to the gold surface at each stage of the assembly of the arrays. Polarised neutrons are used as this provides a means of achieving extra contrast in samples having a magnetic metal layer under the gold surface. This contrast is attained without resorting to hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the biological layer. Polarised Neutron Reflection allows for the modelling of many and complex layers with good fits. The total thickness of the biological layer immobilised on the gold surface is found to be 187 angstrom and the layer can thus far be separated into its lipid, protein and solvent parts. C1 [Le Brun, Anton P.; Lakey, Jeremy H.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Med, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. [Holt, Stephen A.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Shah, Deepan S.] Orla Prot Technol Ltd, Nanotechnol Ctr, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Majkrzak, Charles F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lakey, JH (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Med, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. EM anton.le-brun@ncl.ac.uk; j.h.lakey@ncl.ac.uk RI Le Brun, Anton/A-2604-2010; Holt, Stephen/E-4662-2011 OI Le Brun, Anton/0000-0003-2431-6985; NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7571 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1007/s00249-008-0291-2 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 313QK UT WOS:000256754900013 PM 18317746 ER PT J AU Pencer, J Jackson, A Kucerka, N Nieh, MP Katsaras, J AF Pencer, Jeremy Jackson, Andrew Kucerka, Norbert Nieh, Mu-Ping Katsaras, John TI The influence of curvature on membrane domains SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Proteins at Work 2007 CY MAY 28-30, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LATERALLY HETEROGENEOUS VESICLES; PHASE-TRANSITION; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; MODEL MEMBRANES; MIXTURES; SIZE; COOPERATIVITY; BILAYERS; LIPIDS AB An interdependence between local curvature and domain formation has been observed in both cell and model membranes. An implication of this observation is that domain formation in model membranes may be modulated by membrane curvature. In this paper, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to examine the influence of membrane curvature (i.e., vesicle size) on the formation of membrane domains. It is found that, although vesicle size and polydispersity are not significantly altered by the formation of membrane domains, the area fraction occupied by domains depends on the overall vesicle size. In particular, increasing membrane curvature (i.e., decreasing vesicle size) results in increased area fractions of membrane domains. C1 [Pencer, Jeremy; Kucerka, Norbert; Nieh, Mu-Ping; Katsaras, John] CNR, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kucerka, Norbert] Comenius Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Phys Chem Drugs, Bratislava 83232, Slovakia. RP Kucerka, N (reprint author), CNR, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. EM ajj@nist.gov; Norbert.Kucerka@nrc.gc.ca RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Pencer, Jeremy/0000-0002-1796-0230; Nieh, Mu-Ping/0000-0003-4462-8716; Katsaras, John/0000-0002-8937-4177 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7571 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1007/s00249-008-0304-1 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 313QK UT WOS:000256754900016 PM 18369611 ER PT J AU Meyer, SA Squier, JA Diddams, SA AF Meyer, S. A. Squier, J. A. Diddams, S. A. TI Diode-pumped Yb : KYW femtosecond laser frequency comb with stabilized carrier-envelope offset frequency SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; FIBER-LASER; REPETITION RATES; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; PULSE GENERATION; AVERAGE POWER; NOBEL LECTURE; PHASE-CONTROL; GHZ; LINEWIDTHS AB We describe the detection and stabilization of the carrier envelope offset (CEO) frequency of a diode-pumped Yb:KYW (ytterbium-doped potassium yttrium tungstate) femtosecond oscillator that is spectrally centered at 1033 nm. The system consists of a diode-pumped, passively mode-locked femtosecond laser that produces 290 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 160 MHz. These pulses are first amplified, spectrally broadened and temporally compressed to 80 fs, and then launched into microstructured fiber to produce an octave-spanning spectrum. An f-2f nonlinear interferometer is employed with the broadened spectrum to detect and stabilize the CEO frequency through feedback to the pump laser current. These results demonstrate that such a Yb-doped tungstate laser can provide an efficient, compact, high-repetition-rate optical frequency comb with coverage from 650-1450 nm. C1 [Meyer, S. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meyer, S. A.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Squier, J. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Meyer, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2008-00012-8 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 307NI UT WOS:000256325200004 ER PT J AU Eyler, EE Chieda, DE Stowe, MC Thorpe, MJ Schibli, TR Ye, J AF Eyler, E. E. Chieda, D. E. Stowe, M. C. Thorpe, M. J. Schibli, T. R. Ye, J. TI Prospects for precision measurements of atomic helium using direct frequency comb spectroscopy SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; 2-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY; LAMB SHIFTS; 1(1)S-2(1)S TRANSITION; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; IONIZATION-ENERGY; LIGHT-PULSES; GROUND-STATE; HE-I; LASER AB We analyze several possibilities for precisely measuring electronic transitions in atomic helium by the direct use of phase-stabilized femtosecond frequency combs. Because the comb is self-calibrating and can be shifted into the ultraviolet spectral region via harmonic generation, it offers the prospect of greatly improved accuracy for UV and far-UV transitions. To take advantage of this accuracy an ultracold helium sample is needed. For measurements of the triplet spectrum a magneto-optical trap (MOT) can be used to cool and trap metastable 2(3)S state atoms. We analyze schemes for measuring the two-photon 2(3)S -> 4(3)S interval, and for resonant two-photon excitation to high Rydberg states, 2(3)S -> 3(3)P -> n(3)S, D. We also analyze experiments on the singlet-state spectrum. To accomplish this we propose schemes for producing and trapping ultracold helium in the 1(1)S or 2(1)S state via intercombination transitions. A particularly intriguing scenario is the possibility of measuring the 1(1)S -> 2(1)S transition with extremely high accuracy by use of two-photon excitation in a magic wavelength trap that operates identically for both states. We predict a "triple magic wavelength" at 412 nm that could facilitate numerous experiments on trapped helium atoms, because here the polarizabilities of the 1(1)S, 2(1)S and 2(3)S states are all similar, small, and positive. C1 [Eyler, E. E.; Chieda, D. E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Stowe, M. C.; Thorpe, M. J.; Schibli, T. R.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stowe, M. C.; Thorpe, M. J.; Schibli, T. R.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Eyler, EE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM eyler@phys.uconn.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2007-00289-y PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 307NI UT WOS:000256325200007 ER PT J AU Braje, DA Kirchner, MS Osterman, S Fortier, T Diddams, SA AF Braje, D. A. Kirchner, M. S. Osterman, S. Fortier, T. Diddams, S. A. TI Astronomical spectrograph calibration with broad-spectrum frequency combs SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; MODE-LOCKED LASER; REPETITION-RATE; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; NOBEL LECTURE; PRECISION; PHASE; STABILIZATION; MULTIPLICATION AB Broadband femtosecond-laser frequency combs are filtered to spectrographically resolvable frequency-mode spacing, and limitations of using cavities for spectral filtering are considered. Data and theory are used to show implications relevant to spectrographic calibration of high-resolution, astronomical spectrometers. C1 [Braje, D. A.; Kirchner, M. S.; Fortier, T.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Osterman, S.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Braje, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM braje@nist.gov RI Kirchner, Matthew/F-9020-2010; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 37 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD JUN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2008-00099-9 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 307NI UT WOS:000256325200008 ER PT J AU Digges, KH Gann, RG Grayson, SJ Hirschler, MM Lyon, RE Purser, DA Quintiere, JG Stephenson, RR Tewarson, A AF Digges, K. H. Gann, R. G. Grayson, S. J. Hirschler, M. M. Lyon, R. E. Purser, D. A. Quintiere, J. G. Stephenson, R. R. Tewarson, A. TI Human survivability in motor vehicle fires SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE automobiles; fire fatalities; fire safety; heat release; human survivability; motor vehicles; transportation ID PERFORMANCE AB Automobile fires are consistently among the largest causes of fire death in the United States (about 500 annually) and the U.S. motor vehicle industry and others have spent a significant amount of money in recent years studying this problem. The authors of this review have analyzed the auto industry reports, the scientific literature, and statistical data, and conclude that measures should be taken to improve survivability in automobile fires. The U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302 (FMVSS 302) was introduced almost 40 years ago to measure the flammability of interior materials, but improvements in the crashworthiness of automobiles and their fuel tanks and the increased use of combustible materials have changed the motor vehicle fire scenario significantly. In particular, the primary threat has changed from ignition of a small quantity of combustible interior materials by a fit cigarette, in 1960, to ignition of a large quantity of combustible interior and exterior materials by an impact-induced fire, at present. The authors therefore suggest that FMVSS 302 is no longer relevant to automobile fire safety and recommend improved standards based on objective criteria for fire safety performance (fireworthiness) at the system/vehicle level as is routinely done for crashworthiness. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hirschler, M. M.] GBH Int, Mill Valley, CA 94941 USA. [Digges, K. H.] MVFRI, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Gann, R. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grayson, S. J.] Intersci Commun Ltd, London SE10 8JT, England. [Lyon, R. E.] FAA, Fire Safety Branch, Ctr Tech, AAR 440, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. [Purser, D. A.] BRE, Watford WD25 9XX, England. [Quintiere, J. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stephenson, R. R.] MVFRI, La Canada Flintridge, CA 91011 USA. [Tewarson, A.] FM Global, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. RP Hirschler, MM (reprint author), GBH Int, 2 Friars Lane, Mill Valley, CA 94941 USA. EM gbhint@aol.com NR 46 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1002/fam.964 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 315JZ UT WOS:000256876100004 ER PT J AU Lombardi-Carlson, L Fitzhugh, G Palmer, C Gardner, C Farsky, R Ortiz, M AF Lombardi-Carlson, Linda Fitzhugh, Gary Palmer, Chris Gardner, Chris Farsky, Robert Ortiz, Mauricio TI Regional size, age and growth differences of red grouper (Epinephelus morio) along the west coast of Florida SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red grouper; Epinephelus morio; stock; life history; spatial and temporal scales ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; REEF FISHES; ATLANTIC; PRECISION; SCALE; RATES AB Red grouper (Epinephelus morio) were collected from the west coast of Florida, the central area of fishery harvest in U.S. waters, by fishery-dependent sources during 2000-2005. The west Florida shelf was divided into two regions: north (capture locations >= 28 degrees N latitude) and south (capture locations <28 degrees N latitude). Significant differences were found for age, length, and size-at-age by region and by gear; red grouper from the north were significantly younger and smaller on average than those from the south. Regional differences were also noted with respect to age progression; year class trends were only detected in the north. The 1996 year class dominated the landings in 2000-2001 (ages 4 and 5) and the 1999 year class dominated in 2004-2005 (ages 5 and 6). Regional data were fit to a size-modified von Bertalanffy growth model indicating smaller asymptotic length (L-infinity) and faster growth rate (k) in the north (north: L-infinity = 800 mm, k = 0.23 mm year(-1), t(0) = 1.12; south: L-infinity = 863 mm, k = 0.15 mm year(-1), t(0) = 0.05). Mortality estimates derived from catch curves resulted in higher total and fishing mortality in the north for both gears. Alternative explanations of regional differences likely depend on nursery delineation and correlation to periodic environmental events such as red tides and hurricanes; all possibly important factors based upon anecdotal information. Nevertheless, our finding of regional demographic differences in red grouper from the west coast of Florida suggests a more complex population spatial structure for red grouper. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lombardi-Carlson, Linda; Fitzhugh, Gary; Palmer, Chris; Gardner, Chris; Farsky, Robert] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Ortiz, Mauricio] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lombardi-Carlson, L (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Linda.Lombardi@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.12.001 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 311CR UT WOS:000256578300014 ER PT J AU Bradbury, IR Laurel, BJ Robichaud, D Rose, GA Snelgrove, PVR Gregory, RS Cote, D Windle, MJS AF Bradbury, I. R. Laurel, B. J. Robichaud, D. Rose, G. A. Snelgrove, P. V. R. Gregory, R. S. Cote, D. Windle, M. J. S. TI Discrete spatial dynamics in a marine broadcast spawner: Re-evaluating scales of connectivity and habitat associations in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) in coastal Newfoundland SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atlantic cod; dispersal; spatial ecology; marine conservation; critical habitat ID AGE-0 JUVENILE COD; NORTHERN COD; PLACENTIA BAY; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RESERVES; OCEAN; AREA; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT AB We examined the spatial dynamics of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, through its life history on the northeast and southeast coasts of Newfoundland in order to delineate dispersal and critical habitat requirements as potential determinants of appropriate spatial scales for management. Hydroacoustic surveys across the northeast Newfoundland shelf in 1990, 1995, and 2000 showed the distribution of the remaining large aggregations of cod to be concentrated in inshore embayments, which is contrary to historic patterns. Inshore surveys on the south coast identified local spawning aggregations at specific geographic locations, to which adults homed in subsequent years. Dispersal of eggs and larvae to the offshore occurred during spring, but was localized (within bay) in the warm summer months. Abundance of age-0 cod increased with proximity to spawning location inshore, suggesting self-recruitment within local embayments. Age-2-3 juveniles actively selected structurally complex habitat at scales of less than tens of kilometers, with home ranges typically less than 10 ha. Juveniles were associated with specific habitat types, especially at age 0, in both lab and field experiments. Our results suggest that self-recruitment and critical life-history events (e.g., spawning, settlement, and maturity) may occur within local embayments, which currently assume much greater importance to overall cod stock dynamics than in the past. Given evidence for limited dispersal, and the inshore presence of critical habitat for early life-history stages, spatial management tools that consider local dynamics may provide a greater degree of protection for coastal Newfoundland cod than previously thought. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bradbury, I. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Gene Probe Lab, Halifax, NS B3H 4H6, Canada. [Laurel, B. J.] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Robichaud, D.] LGL Ltd, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Snelgrove, P. V. R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, Canada Res Chair Boreal & Cold, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Snelgrove, P. V. R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Cote, D.] Pk Canada, Terra Nova Natl Pk, Glovertown, NF A0G 2L0, Canada. [Gregory, R. S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Div Environm Sci, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. RP Bradbury, IR (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Gene Probe Lab, Halifax, NS B3H 4H6, Canada. EM ibrandbur@dal.ca NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.12.006 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 311CR UT WOS:000256578300020 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JJ Borsting, C Balogh, K Berger, B Bogus, M Butler, JM Carracedo, A Court, DS Dixon, LA Filipovic, B Fondevila, M Gill, P Harrison, CD Hohoff, C Huel, R Ludes, B Parson, W Parsons, TJ Petkovski, E Phillips, C Schmitter, H Schneider, PM Vallone, PM Morling, N AF Sanchez, J. J. Borsting, C. Balogh, K. Berger, B. Bogus, M. Butler, J. M. Carracedo, A. Court, D. Syndercombe Dixon, L. A. Filipovic, B. Fondevila, M. Gill, P. Harrison, C. D. Hohoff, C. Huel, R. Ludes, B. Parson, W. Parsons, T. J. Petkovski, E. Phillips, C. Schmitter, H. Schneider, P. M. Vallone, P. M. Morling, N. TI Forensic typing of autosomal SNPs with a 29 SNP-multiplex-Results of a collaborative EDNAP exercise SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Forensic genetics; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Multiplex PCR; Single base extension; Human identification; EDNAP exercise ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; WHOLE GENOME AMPLIFICATION; DEGRADED DNA; SIZE; PCR AB We report the results of an inter-laboratory exercise on typing of autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for forensic genetic investigations in crime cases. The European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP), a working group under the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG), organised the exercise. A total of 11 European and one US forensic genetic laboratories tested a subset of a 52 SNP-multiplex PCR kit developed by the SNPforlD consortium. The 52 SNP-multiplex kit amplifies 52 DNA fragments with 52 autosomal SNP loci in one multiplex PCR. The 52 SNPs are detected in two separate single base extension (SBE) multiplex reactions with 29 and 23 SNPs, respectively, using SNaPshot kit, capillary electrophoresis and multicolour fluorescence detection. For practical reasons, only the 29 SBE multiplex reaction was carried out by the participating laboratories. A total of 11 bloodstains on FTA cards including a sample of poor quality and a negative control were sent to the laboratories together with the essential reagents for the initial multiplex PCR and the multiplex SBE reaction. The total SNP locus dropout rate was 2.8% and more than 50% of the dropouts were observed with the poor quality sample. The overall rate of discrepant SNP allele assignments was 2.0%. Two laboratories reported 60% of all the discrepancies. Two laboratories reported all 29 SNP alleles in all 10 positive samples correctly. The results of the collaborative exercise were surprisingly good and demonstrate that SNIP typing with SBE, capillary electrophoresis and multicolour detection methods can be developed for forensic genetics. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanchez, J. J.; Morling, N.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dixon, L. A.; Gill, P.] Forens Sci Serv Inc, Res & Dev, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Butler, J. M.; Vallone, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balogh, K.; Bogus, M.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Med Legale, Mainz, Germany. [Berger, B.; Parson, W.] Innsbruck Med Univ, Inst Med Legale, Innsbruck, Austria. [Carracedo, A.; Fondevila, M.; Phillips, C.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Med Legale, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Ludes, B.; Petkovski, E.] Inst Med Legale, F-67085 Strasbourg, France. [Court, D. Syndercombe; Harrison, C. D.] Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Ctr Haematol, London, England. [Hohoff, C.] Univ Klinikum Munster, Inst Rechtsmed, Munster, Germany. [Schmitter, H.] Bundeskriminalamt, Wiesbaden, Germany. [Schneider, P. M.] Univ Cologne, Inst Med Legale, D-5000 Cologne 41, Germany. [Filipovic, B.; Huel, R.; Parsons, T. J.] Int Commiss Missing Persons, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. [Sanchez, J. J.] Natl Inst Toxicol & Forens Sci, Canary Isl Delegation, Spain. RP Morling, N (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, 11 Frederik Vs Vej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM niels.morling@forensic.ku.dk RI Gill, Peter/C-3056-2009; Welch, Lindsey/C-3981-2009; Schneider, Peter/A-6661-2011; Butler, John/C-7812-2011; Fondevila Alvarez, Manuel/D-4385-2014; Phillips, Christopher/E-4005-2012; OI Phillips, Christopher/0000-0002-9601-0128; Borsting, Claus/0000-0003-0421-7429 FU Ellen and Aage Andersen's Foundation, Denmark; European Commission [G6RDCT-2002-00844] FX We thank Susan Laursen for technical assistance. The work was supported by grants to J.J. Sanchez from Ellen and Aage Andersen's Foundation, Denmark, and the European Commission (GROWTH program, SNPforID project-contract G6RDCT-2002-00844). NR 13 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.12.002 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 380XW UT WOS:000261500400003 PM 19083818 ER PT J AU Hill, JC Gayes, P Driscoll, NW Johnstone, EA Sedberry, GR AF Hill, Jenna C. Gayes, Pault Driscoll, Neal W. Johnstone, Elizabeth A. Sedberry, George R. TI Iceberg scours along the southern US Atlantic margin SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iceberg scour; paleocirculation; multibeam bathymetry; Florida-Hatteras slope ID GULF-STREAM; BLAKE PLATEAU; SHELF WATER; SEA-FLOOR; OCEAN; SEDIMENTS; PATTERNS; ORIGIN; BIGHT; MARKS AB Rapid climate fluctuations associated with ice-sheet oscillations have resulted in pulses of iceberg discharge that are recorded by iceberg scour marks along continental shelves and ice-rafted debris deposits across the North Atlantic. Iceberg transport is largely controlled by ocean surface currents; therefore, iceberg trajectories can serve as a proxy for paleocirculation studies. Records of iceberg transport from ice-rafted debris (i.e., Heinrich layers) in the North Atlantic suggest that most icebergs released during Quaternary glaciations were entrained in a cyclonic subpolar gyre restricted to polar and mid-latitudes; however, new data suggest that there may have been an additional southerly component of transport along the western Atlantic margin. Here, we present evidence of extensive iceberg scouring across the upper slope offshore of South Carolina, similar to 1000 km south of the proximal ice margin during Quaternary glacial maximums. The location and orientation of the keel marks suggest that icebergs were entrained in a southwestward-flowing coastal current. At present, warm waters of the rapid, northeastward-flowing Gulf Stream bathe the upper slope off the southeastern United States. An offshore shift in the Gulf Stream axis during sea-level lowstand may have allowed glacially fed coastal currents to penetrate farther south. This may be the first evidence of iceberg rafting to subtropical latitudes in the North Atlantic. C1 [Hill, Jenna C.; Gayes, Pault] Coastal Carolina Univ, Burroughs & Chapin Ctr, Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29526 USA. [Driscoll, Neal W.; Johnstone, Elizabeth A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sedberry, George R.] Grays Reef Natl Marine Sancturay Natl Ocean & Atm, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Hill, JC (reprint author), Coastal Carolina Univ, Burroughs & Chapin Ctr, Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29526 USA. EM jchill@coastal.edu NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 6 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1130/G24651A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 308KT UT WOS:000256389500004 ER PT J AU Ma, LJ Chang, TJ Mink, A Slattery, O Hershman, B Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Chang, Tiejun Mink, Alan Slattery, Oliver Hershman, Barry Tang, Xiao TI Experimental demonstration of a detection-time-bin-shift polarization encoding quantum key distribution system SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE quantum cryptography; quantum key distribution; detection-time-bin-shift ID CRYPTOGRAPHY AB Detection-time-bin-shift (DTBS) is a scheme that uses time division multiplexing of a single photon detector between two photon bases in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system. This scheme can simplify the structure of a QKD system, reduce its cost and overcome the security problems caused by the dead-time induced self-correlation and the unbalanced characteristics of detectors. In this paper, we introduce an improved DTBS scheme and implement it based on our previously developed conventional fiber-based QKD system using the B92 protocol. Our DTBS QKD system generates sifted keys at a rate of more than 1 Mbit/s with a quantum bit error rate (QBER) lower than 2% over 1.1 kin of fiber. C1 [Ma, Lijun; Chang, Tiejun; Mink, Alan; Slattery, Oliver; Hershman, Barry; Tang, Xiao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 6 BP 459 EP 461 DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2008.080237 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 315NJ UT WOS:000256886400021 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Wilker, C AF Remley, Kate A. Wilker, Charles TI Microwave measurements come to the fore SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Wilker, Charles] DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1109/MMM.2008.919956 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 342DC UT WOS:000258763800001 ER PT J AU Carvalho, NB Remley, KA Schreurs, D Gard, KG AF Carvalho, Nuno B. Remley, Kate A. Schreurs, Dominique Gard, Kevin G. TI Multisine signals for wireless system test and design SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL REGROWTH; POWER-AMPLIFIER; DISTORTION; BANDWIDTH; DEVICES; RATIO C1 [Carvalho, Nuno B.] Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. [Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schreurs, Dominique] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. [Gard, Kevin G.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carvalho, NB (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. RI Carvalho, Nuno/A-8645-2008; Gard, Kevin/C-8985-2009 OI Carvalho, Nuno/0000-0002-7402-2099; NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 BP 122 EP + DI 10.1109/MMM.2008.919938 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 342DC UT WOS:000258763800011 ER PT J AU Landim, RP Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Burroughs, CJ AF Landim, Regis Pinheiro Benz, Samuel P. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Burroughs, Charles J., Jr. TI Systematic-error signals in the AC Josephson voltage standard: Measurement and reduction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE digital-to-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; voltage measurement ID WAVE-FORM SYNTHESIZER; DC TRANSFER-STANDARD AB We investigate the dominant frequency-dependent systematic-error signals (SESs) in the ac Josephson voltage standard. We describe our error measurement technique and a number of methods to reduce the errors. Most importantly, we found that a small change in on-chip wiring significantly reduces the SES, improves SES measurement stability, and enables a suitable bias correction method. We show that direct analog-to-digital converter measurements of the SES of two on-chip Josephson arrays are in very good agreement with errors inferred from ac-dc transfer standard measurements. Finally, we demonstrate that the reduction of the SES using these techniques greatly improves the agreement between the ac-dc differences of the two arrays as well as the absolute ac voltage accuracy. C1 [Landim, Regis Pinheiro; Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Landim, RP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rplandim@mmetro.gov.br; samuel.benz@nist.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1220 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.915100 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 324TF UT WOS:000257541600018 ER PT J AU Rong, B Qian, Y Lu, KJ Hu, RQY AF Rong, Bo Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Hu, Rose Qingyang TI Enhanced QoS multicast routing in wireless mesh networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE wireless mesh network; QoS; multicast routing; traffic engineering; network graph preprocessing ID STOCHASTIC KNAPSACK; ADMISSION CONTROL; SERVICE; DELAY; MULTIMEDIA; ALGORITHM; QUALITY; OSPF AB Wireless mesh network (WMN) has recently emerged as a promising technology for next-generation wireless networking. In WMNs, many important applications, such as mobile TV and video/audio conferencing, require the support of multicast communication with quality-of-service (QoS) guarantee. In this paper, we address the QoS multicast routing issue in WMNs. Specifically, we propose a novel network graph preprocessing approach to enable traffic engineering and enhance the performance of QoS multicast routing algorithms. In this approach, we employ prioritized admission control scheme and develop a utility-constrained optimal priority gain policy. Extensive simulation results show that our approach can significantly improve the performance of QoS multicast routing in WMNs. C1 [Rong, Bo; Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Qian, Yi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Rose Qingyang] Nortel Networks, Richardson, TX 75082 USA. RP Rong, B (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM bo.rong@ece.uprm.edu; yqian@nist.gov; lukejie@ece.uprm.edu; rosehu@ieee.org NR 38 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2119 EP 2130 DI 10.1109/TWC.2008.070089 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 315NH UT WOS:000256886200022 ER PT J AU McGuiggan, PM Chiche, A Filliben, JJ Yarusso, DJ AF McGuiggan, P. M. Chiche, A. Filliben, J. J. Yarusso, D. J. TI Peel of an adhesive tape from a temperature-gradient surface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE pressure-sensitive; peel; mechanical properties of adhesive; temperature-gradien ID PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES; MECHANISMS; DEPENDENCE; RHEOLOGY; FAILURE AB The peel force of a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape is measured on a surface that varied linearly in temperature. As the tape is peeled from the surface, the adhesive is peeled from the surface at a different temperature. Since the peel force varies with temperature, the measurement allows the temperature dependence of the peel force to be determined with one peel test. By this method, the temperature of the transition from cohesive to interfacial failure can be easily identified, not only by the relative peak in the peel force, but also by the clearly visible adhesive layer that remains on the stainless steel plate during cohesive failure. Peel forces are measured at 90 degrees and 180 degrees peel angles and peel rates between 0.05 and 15 mm/s. The peel forces measured on a temperature-gradient surface are similar in magnitude to peel forces measured on the same surface but at constant temperature and averaged over longer peel lengths. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McGuiggan, P. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chiche, A.] Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Filliben, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yarusso, D. J.] 3M Co, Commercial Graph Div, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP McGuiggan, PM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM patricia.mcguiggan@jhu.edu RI McGuiggan, Patricia/A-3379-2010 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4-5 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2007.05.004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 276LI UT WOS:000254142600004 ER PT J AU Mates, SP Rhorer, R Banovic, S Whitenton, E Fields, R AF Mates, Steven P. Rhorer, Richard Banovic, Stephen Whitenton, Eric Fields, Richard TI Tensile strength measurements of frangible bullets using the diametral compression test SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE diametral compression test; Brazilian test; frangible bullets; Kolsky bar; tensile strength ID BRITTLE MATERIALS AB Frangible bullets are designed to disintegrate on impact against rigid surfaces to avoid ricochet hazards in recreational shooting ranges or law enforcement training facilities. Their impact behavior against protective soft body armor is therefore quite different than conventional lead bullets, which are designed to expand on impact rather than shatter into fragments. Models to predict the impact of frangible bullets on soft body armor are currently sought to aid in the development of new performance standards for the law enforcement community against this unusual ballistic threat. Modeling success rests on the availability of constitutive data for frangible materials used in these bullets, such as tensile strength. To supply these critical data, the tensile strength of a Cu-Sn frangible bullet material is measured using the diametral compression test at quasi-static (1 mu m/s) and high (12.5 m/s) displacement rates. The latter tests are conducted using a Kolsky bar. Finite element modeling is used to calculate the stress in the specimen at failure. Using a maximum tensile strain criterion, the effective tensile strength was found to be 104MPa +/- 14MPa. Tensile strength was not strongly sensitive to the displacement rate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mates, Steven P.; Banovic, Stephen; Fields, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSEL, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rhorer, Richard; Whitenton, Eric] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MEL, Mfg Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mates, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSEL, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.mates@nist.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 511 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.04.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 281CN UT WOS:000254474200007 ER PT J AU Mekhontsev, SN Khromchenko, VB Hanssen, LM AF Mekhontsev, S. N. Khromchenko, V. B. Hanssen, L. M. TI NIST radiance temperature and infrared spectral radiance scales at near-ambient temperatures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE blackbody; effective emissivity; infrared; radiance temperature; spectral radiance ID EMISSIVITY AB The realization and the dissemination of spectral radiance and radiance temperature scales in the temperature range of -50 to 250 degrees C and spectral range of 3-13 mu m at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are described. The scale is source-based and is established using a suite of blackbody radiation sources, the emissivity and temperature of which have been thoroughly investigated. The blackbody emissivity was measured using the complementary approaches of modeling, reflectometry, and the intercomparison of the spectral radiance of sources with different cavity geometries and coatings. Temperature measurements are based on platinum resistance thermometers and on the direct use of the phase transitions of pure metals. Secondary sources are calibrated using reference blackbody sources, a spectral comparator, a controlled-background plate, and a motion control system. Included experimental data on the performance of transfer standard blackbodies indicate the need for development of a recommended practice for their specification and evaluation. Introduced services help to establish a nationwide uniformity in metrology of near-ambient thermal emission sources, providing traceability in spatially and spectrally resolved radiance temperature, spectral radiance, and background-corrected effective emissivity. C1 [Mekhontsev, S. N.; Hanssen, L. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div 844, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Khromchenko, V. B.] Space Dynam Lab, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Khromchenko, V. B.] USU Program Opt Sensor Calibrat, Joint NIST, N Logan, UT USA. RP Mekhontsev, SN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div 844, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM snm@nist.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1026 EP 1040 DI 10.1007/s10765-008-0384-2 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 307LP UT WOS:000256320700024 ER PT J AU Eppeldauer, GP Yoon, HW AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Yoon, H. W. TI AC-mode short-wavelength IR radiation thermometers for measurement of ambient temperatures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ambient temperatures; infrared; input optics; NETD; NEP; noise; optical radiation; radiance; radiation thermometer; responsivity; non-contact body temperature ID RADIOMETERS AB Recent improvements in the fabrication of short-wave infrared (SW-IR) quantum detectors have opened a new era in radiation thermometry. Ambient and higher temperatures can be measured with low uncertainties using thermoelectrically (TE) cooled extended-InGaAs (E-IGA) and short-wave photovoltaic-HgCdTe (SW-MCT) detectors. Since these detectors have low cut-off wavelengths (2.5 mu m and 2.8 mu m, respectively), they do not respond past cut-off and are less sensitive to the background infrared radiation, resulting in orders of magnitude lower background noise than traditional broad-band infrared detectors such as cryogenically cooled quantum detectors or thermal detectors. At the same time, the cut-off is far enough in the infrared to obtain a large enough signal from the source of interest. Because of the low detector cut-off wavelength, traditional glass-based optics can be used in the radiation thermometers. A chopper-produced alternating-current (AC) signal was used to measure low temperatures by separating the AC signal from the background-radiation-produced direct-current (DC) signal and its fluctuations. Design considerations and characteristics of a newly developed SW-IR radiation thermometer are discussed. A noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of < 3mK for a 50 degrees C blackbody was measured. At the human body temperature of 36 degrees C, the obtained NETD of similar to 10mK indicates that these detectors can be used in non-contact temperature measurements to replace thermopile- or pyroelectric-based radiation thermometers. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Yoon, H. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div 844, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div 844, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.eppeldauer@nist.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1041 EP 1051 DI 10.1007/s10765-008-0406-0 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 307LP UT WOS:000256320700025 ER PT J AU Saunders, P Fischer, J Sadli, M Battuello, M Park, CW Yuan, Z Yoon, H Li, W van der Ham, E Sakuma, F Ishii, J Ballico, M Machin, G Fox, N Hollandt, J Matveyev, M Bloembergen, P Ugur, S AF Saunders, P. Fischer, J. Sadli, M. Battuello, M. Park, C. W. Yuan, Z. Yoon, H. Li, W. van der Ham, E. Sakuma, F. Ishii, J. Ballico, M. Machin, G. Fox, N. Hollandt, J. Matveyev, M. Bloembergen, P. Ugur, S. TI Uncertainty budgets for calibration of radiation thermometers below the silver point SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calibration; radiation thermometry; uncertainty ID INTERPOLATION EQUATIONS; EFFECTIVE EMISSIVITIES; INGAAS PHOTODIODES; LINEARITY; PROPAGATION; RADIOMETERS; DETECTORS; ACCURACY; CAVITIES AB Below the freezing point of silver, radiation thermometers are generally calibrated by implementing the multi-point interpolation method using blackbody measurements at three or more calibration points, rather than the ITS-90 extrapolation technique. The interpolation method eliminates the need to measure the spectral responsivity and provides greater accuracy at the longer wavelengths required below the silver point. This article identifies all the sources of uncertainty associated with the interpolation method, in particular, those related to the reference blackbody temperatures (either variable-temperature or fixed-point blackbodies) and to the measured thermometer signals at these points. Estimates are given of the 'normal' and 'best' uncertainties currently achievable. A model of the thermometer response is used to propagate all the uncertainties at the reference points and provide a total uncertainty at any temperature within the calibration range. The multi-point method has the effect of constraining the total uncertainty over this range, unlike the ITS-90 technique for which the uncertainties propagate as T-2. This article is a joint effort of the working group on radiation thermometry of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT), summarizing the knowledge and experience of all experts in this field. C1 [Saunders, P.] Ind Res Ltd, Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand MSL, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Fischer, J.; Hollandt, J.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. [Sadli, M.] CNAM, INM, LNE, La Plaine St Denis, France. [Battuello, M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRiM, Turin, Italy. [Park, C. W.] KRISS, Taejon, South Korea. [Yuan, Z.] NIM, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yoon, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, W.] SPRING, NMC, Stand Prod & Innovat Board, Singapore, Singapore. [van der Ham, E.] Nederlands Meetinst Swinden Lab BV NMi VSL, Delft, Netherlands. [Sakuma, F.; Ishii, J.; Bloembergen, P.] AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ballico, M.] NMIA, Lindfield, NSW, Australia. [Machin, G.; Fox, N.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. [Matveyev, M.] Rostekhregulirovaniye Russia VNIIM, DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol, St Petersburg, Russia. [Ugur, S.] TEKNOYAD, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. RP Saunders, P (reprint author), Ind Res Ltd, Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand MSL, POB 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM p.saunders@irl.cri.nz RI Hollandt, Jorg/A-2124-2014; OI Sadli, Mohamed/0000-0001-8792-4115 NR 63 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1066 EP 1083 DI 10.1007/s10765-008-0385-1 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 307LP UT WOS:000256320700027 ER PT J AU Strouse, GF Ballico, M Bojkovski, J de Groot, M Liedberg, HG Pokhodun, AI AF Strouse, G. F. Ballico, M. Bojkovski, J. de Groot, M. Liedberg, H. G. Pokhodun, A. I. TI CCT WG8 CMC review protocols: Development and implementation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE BIPM KCDB; calibration; calibration and measurement capability; CCT WG8; CMC; humidity; key comparison; temperature AB The primary objectives of the Consultative Committee on Thermometry Working Group 8 (CCT WG8) are to establish and maintain lists of service categories, to agree on detailed technical review criteria of submitted calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs), and, where necessary, to develop rules for the preparation of CMC entries. One of the main tasks of CCT WG8 is the creation of harmonized CMC review protocols for thermometry and humidity that are scientifically based. The work of CCT WG8 is performed by the Regional Metrology Organization (RMO) Working Group on Thermometry chairpersons and invited technical experts. The CCT WG8 develops practical, pragmatic guidelines for CMC reviews that let the CMC review process proceed according to a set of objective numerical criteria and specified technical evidence to reduce the possibility of disagreement. The CCT WG8 CMC review protocols are designed so that CMC reviews are scientifically based and not designed to bluntly increase uncertainties. The CMC review protocols currently developed and accepted by CCT WG8 cover International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) fixed-point cells, ITS-90 calibration temperature subranges for standard platinum resistance thermometers, industrial thermometers, radiation thermometry, and humidity. This article describes the methods used by the CCT WG8 committee to create the review protocols. C1 [Strouse, G. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div 836, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ballico, M.] Natl Measurement Inst, Lindfield, NSW, Australia. [Bojkovski, J.] Univ Ljubljana, MIRS FE LMK, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [de Groot, M.] Swinden Lab BV, Nederlands Meetinst, Delft, Netherlands. [Liedberg, H. G.] CSIR, Natl Metrol Lab, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Pokhodun, A. I.] DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Strouse, GF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div 836, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8363, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregory.strouse@nist.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1193 EP 1203 DI 10.1007/s10765-008-0377-1 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 307LP UT WOS:000256320700039 ER PT J AU Rust, BW O'Leary, DP AF Rust, Bert W. O'Leary, Dianne P. TI Residual periodograms for choosing regularization parameters for ill-posed problems SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID FREDHOLM INTEGRAL EQUATIONS; FIRST KIND; NONORTHOGONAL PROBLEMS; NUMERICAL SOLUTION; RIDGE REGRESSION; L-CURVE AB Consider an ill-posed problem transformed if necessary so that the errors in the data are independent identically normally distributed with mean zero and variance 1. We survey regularization and parameter selection from a linear algebra and statistics viewpoint and compare the statistical distributions of regularized estimates of the solution and the residual. We discuss methods for choosing a regularization parameter in order to assure that the residual for the model is statistically plausible. Ideally, as proposed by Rust (1998 Tech. Rep. NISTIR 6131, 2000 Comput. Sci. Stat. 32 333-47), the results of candidate parameter choices should be evaluated by plotting the resulting residual along with its periodogram and its cumulative periodogram, but sometimes an automated choice is needed. We evaluate a method for choosing the regularization parameter that makes the residuals as close as possible to white noise, using a diagnostic test based on the periodogram. We compare this method with standard techniques such as the discrepancy principle, the L-curve and generalized cross validation, showing that it performs better on two new test problems as well as a variety of standard problems. C1 [Rust, Bert W.; O'Leary, Dianne P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Math & Computat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rust, BW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Math & Computat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bert.rust@nist.gov; oleary@cs.umd.edu NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 AR 034005 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/24/3/034005 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 304ZX UT WOS:000256148700005 ER PT J AU Hicks, BB AF Hicks, Bruce B. TI On estimating dry deposition rates in complex terrain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-FLOW; FOREST; CANOPY; THROUGHFALL; VELOCITIES; EXCHANGE; HILLS; DIFFUSION; PARTICLES; AIRCRAFT AB In complex terrain, horizontal advection and filtration through a canopy can add substantially to the vertical diffusion component assumed to be the dominant transfer mechanism in conventional deposition velocity formulations. To illustrate this, three separate kinds of terrain complexity are addressed here: 1) a horizontal landscape with patches of forest, 2) a uniformly vegetated gentle hill, and 3) a mountainous area. In flat areas with plots of trees, the elevation of the standard area-weighted dry deposition velocity will likely depend on the product hn(1/2), where h is the tree height and n is the number of plots per unit area. For the second case, it is proposed that the standard "flat earth" deposition velocity might need to be increased by a factor like [1 + R(a)/(R(b) + R(c))](1/2). For mountainous ecosystems, where no precise estimate of local dry deposition appears attainable, the actual dry deposition rate is probably bounded by the extremes associated with 1) the flat earth assumption involving aerodynamic, quasi-boundary layer, and canopy resistances as in conventional formulations, and 2) an alternative assumption that the aerodynamic resistance is zero. Such issues are of particular importance in the context of atmospheric loadings to sensitive ecosystems, where the concepts of critical loads and deposition forecasting are now of increasing relevance. They are probably of less importance if the emphasis is on air quality alone, because air quality responds slowly to changes in deposition rates. The issues addressed here are mainly appropriate in the context of air surface exchange that is not controlled by surface resistance ( e. g., for deposition of easily captured chemicals such as nitric acid vapor, and perhaps for atmospheric momentum) and for chemicals that have no local sources. It is argued that dry deposition rates derived from classical applications of deposition velocities are often underestimates. C1 [Hicks, Bruce B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Hicks, BB (reprint author), POB 1510, Norris, TN 37828 USA. EM hicks.metcorps@gmail.com NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1651 EP 1658 DI 10.1175/2006JAMC1412.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 327GS UT WOS:000257718200007 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Ferrier, BS AF Zhou, Binbin Ferrier, Brad S. TI Asymptotic analysis of equilibrium in radiation fog SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYERS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; VALLEY FOG; DETAILED OBSERVATIONS; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; EVENT; PARAMETERIZATION; EXTINCTION; SIMILARITY AB A vertical distribution formulation of liquid water content (LWC) for steady radiation fog was obtained and examined through the singular perturbation method. The asymptotic LWC distribution is a consequential balance among cooling, droplet gravitational settling, and turbulence in the liquid water budget of radiation fog. The cooling produces liquid water, which is depleted by turbulence near the surface. The influence of turbulence on the liquid water budget decreases with height and is more significant for shallow fogs than for deep fogs. The depth of the region of surface-induced turbulence can be characterized with a fog boundary layer (FBL). The behavior of the FBL bears some resemblance to the surface mixing layer in radiation fog. The characteristic depth of the FBL is thinner for weaker turbulence and stronger cooling, whereas if turbulence intensity increases or cooling rate decreases then the FBL will develop from the ground. The asymptotic formulation also reveals a critical turbulent exchange coefficient for radiation fog that defines the upper bound of turbulence intensity that a steady fog can withstand. The deeper a fog is, the stronger a turbulence intensity it can endure. The persistence condition for a steady fog can be parameterized by either the critical turbulent exchange coefficient or the characteristic depth of the FBL. If the turbulence intensity inside a fog is smaller than the turbulence threshold, the fog persists, whereas if the turbulence intensity exceeds the turbulence threshold or the characteristic depth of the FBL dominates the entire fog bank then the balance will be destroyed, leading to dissipation of the existing fog. The asymptotic formulation has a first-order approximation with respect to turbulence intensity. Verifications with numerical solutions and an observed fog event showed that it is more accurate for weak turbulence than for strong turbulence and that the computed LWC generally agrees with the observed LWC in magnitude. C1 [Zhou, Binbin; Ferrier, Brad S.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Zhou, B (reprint author), NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20646 USA. EM binbin.zhou@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1704 EP 1722 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1685.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 327GS UT WOS:000257718200010 ER PT J AU Durre, I Menne, MJ Vose, RS AF Durre, Imke Menne, Matthew J. Vose, Russell S. TI Strategies for evaluating quality assurance procedures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; NETWORK; ARCHIVE AB The evaluation strategies outlined in this paper constitute a set of tools beneficial to the development and documentation of robust automated quality assurance (QA) procedures. Traditionally, thresholds for the QA of climate data have been based on target flag rates or statistical confidence limits. However, these approaches do not necessarily quantify a procedure's effectiveness at detecting true errors in the data. Rather, as illustrated by way of an "extremes check" for daily precipitation totals, information on the performance of a QA test is best obtained through a systematic manual inspection of samples of flagged values combined with a careful analysis of geographical and seasonal patterns of flagged observations. Such an evaluation process not only helps to document the effectiveness of each individual test, but, when applied repeatedly throughout the development process, it also aids in choosing the optimal combination of QA procedures and associated thresholds. In addition, the approach described here constitutes a mechanism for reassessing system performance whenever revisions are made following initial development. C1 [Durre, Imke; Menne, Matthew J.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Durre, I (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM imke.durre@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1785 EP 1791 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1706.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 327GS UT WOS:000257718200015 ER PT J AU Davis, MW Stephenson, J Noga, EJ AF Davis, Michael W. Stephenson, Jeana Noga, Edward J. TI The effect of tricaine on use of the fluorescein test for detecting skin and corneal ulcers in fish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ULCERATION RESPONSE AUR; STRIPED BASS; BROOK TROUT; MORTALITY; ACID; CELL; PH; ANESTHETICS; LIDOCAINE; ALUMINUM AB Fluorescein has been used for rapid and sensitive detection of fish skin and corneal ulceration. Effective use of the fluorescein test requires knowledge of conditions that might cause misleading interpretations or otherwise interfere with test reliability. Examination of fish health and the clinical workup often require tricaine as one of the most commonly used anesthetics. However, tricaine may interfere with correct interpretation of the fluorescein test and might also cause significant fish injury. The effects of tricaine exposure sequence on the fidelity of the fluorescein test was studied in Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, and northern rock soles Lepidopsetta polyxystra by examining the fluorescence of experimentally induced epidermal wounding. Tricaine can quench fluorescence that is emitted by fluorescein retained in skin ulcers, causing a false-negative reaction. Thus, for the fluorescein test to work properly, it is important to avoid the exposure of fluorescein-treated and rinsed ulcers to tricaine. The effects of exposure to buffered versus unbuffered tricaine on epidermal and corneal integrity were studied in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus subjected to the fluorescein test and histological examination. Fluorescein could detect not only ulcers but also areas with only a partial loss of epithelium (i.e., erosion). The use of unbuffered tricaine to anesthetize these fish caused serious epidermal and corneal damage. If fish are euthanized with unbuffered tricaine for clinical workup, this severe epidermal or corneal damage could be misinterpreted as an antemortem lesion, leading to misdiagnosis. Even in water with alkalinity exceeding 50 mg/L as CaCO3, it would seem prudent to always buffer tricaine with sodium bicarbonate to prevent a pH change that might lead to iatrogenic effects from unbuffered tricaine. Thus, current general recommendations suggesting that tricaine does not need to be buffered in waters with alkalinity greater than 50 mg/L might need to be modified. C1 [Stephenson, Jeana; Noga, Edward J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Davis, Michael W.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Noga, EJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM ed_noga@ncsu.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1577/H07-023.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 333PW UT WOS:000258165600002 PM 18783129 ER PT J AU Hillger, DW AF Hillger, Donald W. TI GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager color product development SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODIS; NOAA AB The current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series was inaugurated in 1994 with the launch of GOES-8 and will continue with two more satellites (GOES-O and -P) after the most recent GOES-13 launched in 2006. The next-generation GOES (beginning with GOES-R) will be launched in the 2015 time frame. This new series of satellites will include improved spatial, temporal, spectral, and radiometric resolution. The last two characteristics are manifest by an increased number of spectral bands and increased precision for measurements from those bands. To take advantage of the lead time needed to design, build, and test this new and complex satellite system, work is going into developing image products to be implemented as soon as GOES-R becomes operational. Preparations for GOES-R image products for applications to various weather events, especially meso-scale events, are well underway. The approach used for these "risk reduction" activities is to apply data from existing operational and experimental satellites (both polar orbiting and geostationary) to create image products that will emulate those to be available from GOES-R as closely as possible. Those image products can either be new products or improvements leveraged on existing operational products. In this article, the new GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager is briefly reviewed, and the evolutionary development of two qualitative products-one for the detection of fog and stratus, and the other for blowing dust-is presented. Emphasis is on the evolutionary development of these mesoscale products and possible quantitative discrimination among the various image features that are seen. C1 Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS St AR RAMMB, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hillger, DW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS St AR RAMMB, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hillger@cira.colostate.edu RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 6 BP 853 EP 872 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA911.1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 309NV UT WOS:000256468400002 ER PT J AU He, ZJ Xie, YF Li, W Li, D Han, GJ Liu, KX Ma, JR AF He, Zhongjie Xie, Yuanfu Li, Wei Li, Dong Han, Guijun Liu, Kexiu Ma, Jirui TI Application of the sequential three-dimensional variational method to assimilating SST in a global ocean model SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; PART I; COVARIANCES; SYSTEM; PREDICTION AB A recursive filter or parameterized curve fitting technique is usually used in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) scheme to approximate the background error covariance, which can only represent the errors of an ocean field over a predetermined scale. Without an accurate flow-dependent error covariance that is also local and time dependent, a 3DVAR system may not provide good analyses because it is optimal only under the assumption of an accurate covariance. In this study, a sequential 3DVAR (S3DVAR) is formulated in model grid space to examine if there is useful information that can be extracted from the observation. This formulation is composed of a series of 3DVARs, each of which uses recursive filters with different length scales. It can provide an inhomogeneous and anisotropic analysis for the wavelengths that can be resolved by the observation network, just as with the conventional Barnes analysis or successive corrections. Being a variational formulation, S3DVAR can deal with data globally with an explicit specification of the observation errors; explicit physical balances or constraints; and advanced datasets, such as satellite and radar. Even though the S3DVAR analysis can be viewed as a set of isotropic functions superpositioned together, this superposition is not prespecified as in a single 3DVAR approach but is determined by the information that can be resolved by observation. The S3DVAR is adopted in a global sea surface temperature (SST) data assimilation system, into which the shipboard SSTs and the 4-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder daily SSTs are assimilated, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed S3DVAR works better in practice than a single 3DVAR. C1 [He, Zhongjie; Li, Wei; Li, Dong; Han, Guijun; Liu, Kexiu; Ma, Jirui] State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. [He, Zhongjie; Li, Wei] Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Xie, Yuanfu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ma, JR (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM jrma@mail.nmdis.gov.cn RI Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1018 EP 1033 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHO540.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 309NV UT WOS:000256468400013 ER PT J AU Iacovazzi, RA Cao, C AF Iacovazzi, Robert A., Jr. Cao, Changyong TI Reducing uncertainties of SNO-estimated intersatellite AMSU-A brightness temperature biases for surface-sensitive channels SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; EMISSIVITY MODEL; SATELLITE; WEATHER; CLIMATE; TOVS AB In this study, a technique has been developed to improve collocation of two passive-microwave satellite instrument datasets at a simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO). The technique has been designed for the purpose of reducing uncertainties related to SNO-inferred intersatellite brightness temperature (Tb) biases, and it involves replacing the current "nearest-neighbor pixel matching" collocation technique with quality-controlled bilinear interpolation. Since the largest Tb bias estimation uncertainties of the SNO method are associated with highly variable earth scenes and window channels of microwave radiometers that have relatively large (similar to 50 km) separation between measurements, the authors have used Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A (AMSU-A) data to develop the technique. It is found that using the new data collocation technique reduces SNO ensemble mean Tb bias confidence intervals in the SNO method, as applied to surface-sensitive channels of AMSU-A, by nearly 70% on average. This improvement in the SNO method enhances its ability to quantify intersatellite Tb biases at microwave radiometer channels that are sensitive to surface radiation, which is necessary to advance the sciences of numerical weather prediction and climate change detection. C1 [Iacovazzi, Robert A., Jr.; Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS StAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Iacovazzi, Robert A., Jr.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD USA. RP Iacovazzi, RA (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS StAR, Room 712,World Weather Bldg,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM bob.iacovazzi@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Iacovazzi Jr, Robert/G-3867-2010 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1048 EP 1054 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA1020.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 309NV UT WOS:000256468400016 ER PT J AU Burguera, EF Guitian, F Chow, LC AF Burguera, Elena F. Guitian, Francisco Chow, Laurence C. TI Effect of the calcium to phosphate ratio of tetracalcium phosphate on the properties of calcium phosphate bone cement SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate cement; tetracalcium phosphate; dicalcium phosphate dihydrate; hydroxyapatite; calcium to phosphate ratio ID HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; CRANIOPLASTY; DIHYDRATE; STRENGTH; IMPLANTS AB Six different tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) products were synthesized by solid state reaction at high temperature by varying the overall calcium to phosphate ratio of the synthesis mixture. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the calcium to phosphate ratio on a TTCP-dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) cement. The resulting six TTCP-DCPD cement mixtures were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and pH measurements. Setting times and compressive strength (CS) were also measured. Using the TTCP product with a Ca/P ratio of 2.0 resulted in low strength values (25.61 MPa) when distilled water was used as the setting liquid, even though conversion to hydroxyapatite was not prevented, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The suspected CaO presence in this TTCP may have affected the cohesiveness of the cement mixture but not the cement setting reaction, however no direct evidence of CaO presence was found. Lower Ca/P ratio products yielded cements with CS values ranging from 46.7 MPa for Ca/P ratio of 1.90 to 38.32 MPa for Ca/P ratio of 1.85. When a dilute sodium phosphate solution was used as the setting liquid, CS values were 15.3% lower than those obtained with water as the setting liquid. Setting times ranged from 18 to 22 min when water was the cement liquid and from 7 to 8 min when sodium phosphate solution was used, and the calcium to phosphate ratio did not have a marked effect on this property. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Burguera, Elena F.; Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guitian, Francisco] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Ceram Galicia, Santiago De Compostela 15872, Spain. RP Burguera, EF (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elena.burguera@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE11789] NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 85A IS 3 BP 674 EP 683 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.31478 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 296GC UT WOS:000255530500013 PM 17876802 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Lee, SK Enfield, DB AF Wang, Chunzai Lee, Sang-Ki Enfield, David B. TI Climate response to anomalously large and small Atlantic warm pools during the summer SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; AMERICA; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB This paper uses the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model to show the influence of Atlantic warm pool (AWP) variability on the summer climate and Atlantic hurricane activity. The model runs show that the climate response to the AWP's heating extends beyond the AWP region to other regions such as the eastern North Pacific. Both the sea level pressure and precipitation display a significant response of low (high) pressure and increased (decreased) rainfall to an anomalously large (small) AWP, in areas with two centers located in the western tropical North Atlantic and in the eastern North Pacific. The rainfall response suggests that an anomalously large (small) AWP suppresses (enhances) the midsummer drought, a phenomenon with a diminution in rainfall during July and August in the region around Central America. In response to the pressure changes, the easterly Caribbean low-level jet is weakened (strengthened), as is its westward moisture transport. An anomalously large (small) AWP weakens (strengthens) the southerly Great Plains low-level jet, which results in reduced (enhanced) northward moisture transport from the Gulf of Mexico to the United States east of the Rocky Mountains and thus decreases (increases) the summer rainfall over the central United States, in agreement with observations. An anomalously large (small) AWP also reduces (enhances) the tropospheric vertical wind shear in the main hurricane development region and increases (decreases) the moist static instability of the troposphere, both of which favor (disfavor) the intensification of tropical storms into major hurricanes. Since the climate response to the North Atlantic SST anomalies is primarily forced at low latitudes, this study implies that reduced (enhanced) rainfall over North America and increased (decreased) hurricane activity due to the warm (cool) phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation may be partly due to the AWP-induced changes of the northward moisture transport and the vertical wind shear and moist static instability associated with more frequent large (small) summer warm pools. C1 [Wang, Chunzai; Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 NR 32 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2437 EP 2450 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2029.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 311TL UT WOS:000256623200007 ER PT J AU De Szoeke, SP Xie, SP AF De Szoeke, Simon P. Xie, Shang-Ping TI The tropical eastern Pacific seasonal cycle: Assessment of errors and mechanisms in IPCC AR4 coupled ocean - Atmosphere general circulation models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; CROSS-EQUATORIAL FLOW; CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; REGIONAL MODEL; EL-NINO; LOW LATITUDES; COLD-TONGUE AB Warmer SST and more rain in the Northern Hemisphere are observed year-round in the tropical eastern Pacific with southerly wind crossing the equator toward the atmospheric heating. The southerlies are minimal during boreal spring, when two precipitation maxima straddle the equator. Fourteen atmosphere ocean coupled GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) and one coupled regional model are evaluated against observations with simple metrics that diagnose the seasonal cycle and meridional migration of warm SST and rain. Intermodel correlations of the metrics elucidate common coupled physics. These models variously simulate the climatology of SST and ITCZ rain. In 8 out of 15 models the ITCZ alternates symmetrically between the hemispheres with the seasons. This seasonally alternating ITCZ error generates two wind speed maxima per year -one northerly and one southerly -resulting in spurious cooling in March and a cool SST error of the equatorial ocean. Most models have too much rain in the Southern Hemisphere so that SST and rain are too symmetric about the equator in the annual mean. Weak meridional wind on the equator near the South American coast (2 degrees S -2 degrees N, 80 degrees-90 degrees W) explains the warm SST error there. Northeasterly wind jets blow over the Central American isthmus in winter and cool the SST in the eastern Pacific warm pool. In some models the strength of these winds contributes to the early demise of their northern ITCZ relative to observations. The February -April northerly wind bias on the equator is correlated to the antecedent December -February Central American Pacific wind speed at -0.88. The representation of southern-tropical stratus clouds affects the underlying SST through solar radiation, but its effect on the meridional atmospheric circulation is difficult to discern from the multimodel ensemble, indicating that errors other than the simulation of stratus clouds are also important for accurate simulation of the meridional asymmetry. This study identifies several features to be improved in atmospheric and coupled GCMs, including the northeasterly cross-Central American wind in winter and meridional wind on the equator. Improved simulation of the seasonal cycle of meridional wind could alleviate biases in equatorial SST and improve simulation of ENSO and its teleconnections. C1 [De Szoeke, Simon P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP De Szoeke, SP (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, ESRL PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM simon.deszoeke@noaa.gov RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 NR 71 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2573 EP 2590 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1975.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 311TL UT WOS:000256623200015 ER PT J AU Jiang, XN Lau, NC AF Jiang, Xianan Lau, Ngar-Cheung TI Intraseasonal teleconnection between North American and western North Pacific monsoons with 20-day time scale SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; MEXICAN MONSOON; EAST-ASIA; SURGES; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION AB Based on a recently released, high-resolution reanalysis dataset for the North American region, the intraseasonal variability (ISV; with a time scale of about 20 days) of the North American monsoon (NAM) is examined. The rainfall signals associated with this phenomenon first emerge near the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Pacific at about 20 degrees N. They subsequently migrate to the southwestern United States along the slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The rainfall quickly dissipates upon arrival at the desert region of Arizona and New Mexico (AZNM). The enhanced rainfall over AZNM is accompanied by strong southeasterly low-level flow along the Gulf of California. This pattern bears strong resemblance to the circulation related to "gulf surge" events, as documented by many studies. The southeasterly flow is associated with an anomalous low vortex over the subtropical eastern Pacific Ocean off California, and a midlatitude anticyclone over the central United States in the lower troposphere. This flow pattern is in broad agreement with that favoring the "wet surges" over the southwestern United States. It is further demonstrated that the aforementioned low-level circulations associated with ISV of the NAM are part of a prominent trans-Pacific wave train extending from the western North Pacific (WNP) to the Eastern Pacific/North America along a "great circle" path. The circulation anomalies along the axis of this wave train exhibit a barotropic vertical structure over most regions outside of the WNP, and a baroclinic structure over the WNP, thus suggesting the important role of convective activities over the WNP in sustaining this wave train. This inference is further substantiated by an analysis of the pattern of waveactivity -flux vectors. Variations in the WNP convection are correlated with the ISV of the monsoons in both North American and East Asian (EA)/WNP sectors. These relationships lead to notable teleconnections between NAM and the EA/WNP monsoon on 20-day time scales. C1 [Jiang, Xianan] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Jiang, XN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-501,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xianan@caltech.edu RI Jiang, Xianan/A-2283-2012 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2664 EP 2679 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2024.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 311TL UT WOS:000256623200020 ER PT J AU Cheng, M Warren, JA AF Cheng, Mowei Warren, James A. TI An efficient algorithm for solving the phase field crystal model SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE unconditionally stable; phase field crystal model ID FOURIER-SPECTRAL METHOD; NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL; ORDERING KINETICS; SEPARATION; DYNAMICS AB We present and discuss the development of an unconditionally stable algorithm used to solve the evolution equations of the phase field crystal (PFC) model. This algorithm allows for an arbitrarily large algorithmic time step. As the basis for our analysis of the accuracy of this algorithm, we determine an effective time step in Fourier space. We then compare our calculations with a set of representative numerical results, and demonstrate that this algorithm is an effective approach for the study of the PFC models, yielding a time step effectively 180 times larger than the Euler algorithm for a representative set of material parameters. As the PFC model is just a simple example of a wide class of density functional theories, we expect this method will have wide applicability to modeling systems of considerable interest to the materials modeling communities. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Mowei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mowei.cheng@gmail.com RI Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 27 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 12 BP 6241 EP 6248 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.03.012 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 310AU UT WOS:000256502100015 ER PT J AU Gabbai, RD AF Gabbai, R. D. TI Influence of structural design on the aeroelastic stability of Brancusi's Endless Column SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE aeroelasticity; vortex shedding; wind loads; structural engineering; columns ID SECTION AB Brancusi's Endless Column (Targu-Jiu, Romania) is an interesting case study in bluff body aeroelasticity. It has been referred to as aeroelastically indifferent owing to its remarkable aeroelastic stability. This stability has been attributed to its unconventional shape. Calculations are presented which show that this strictly aerodynamic view of the column behavior is incomplete, and that the structural dynamics characteristics of the column have a powerful role in ensuring its aeroelastic stability. The calculations show that the column's design, which provided for significant damping and mass, would assure its aeroelastic stability even if the column had a conventional and aeroelastically less favorable shape, i.e., if it were a circular cylinder (a shape that is unfavorable from the point of view of vortex-induced response) or a square cylinder (a shape that is unfavorable from the point of view of galloping). C1 NIST, NRC, Postdoctoral Res Assoc, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gabbai, RD (reprint author), NIST, NRC, Postdoctoral Res Assoc, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rdgabbai@gmail.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2008 VL 134 IS 6 BP 462 EP 465 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2008)134:6(462) PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 302LJ UT WOS:000255969500003 ER PT J AU Godfrey, CM Stensrud, DJ AF Godfrey, Christopher M. Stensrud, David J. TI Soil temperature and moisture errors in operational Eta Model analyses SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION; REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MESOSCALE-MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OKLAHOMA MESONET; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY AB Proper partitioning of the surface heat fluxes that drive the evolution of the planetary boundary layer in numerical weather prediction models requires an accurate specification of the initial state of the land surface. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Eta Model is used to produce land surface analyses by continuously cycling soil temperature and moisture fields. These fields previously evolved only in response to radiation budget constraints and modeled precipitation, but NCEP recently upgraded the self-cycling process so that soil fields respond instead to the radiation budget and observed precipitation. A comparison of 0000 and 1200 UTC Eta Model analyses of soil temperature and moisture at several soil depths with observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet during 2004 and 2005 shows that there are strong biases in soil temperature and a severe underestimation of soil moisture at all depths. After the change to a new assimilation scheme, there is notable improvement in the magnitude of the analyzed soil moisture fields, although a strong dry bias persists in the soil moisture field. A simple one-layer slab soil model quantifies the effect of such soil moisture errors on the diurnal cycle of soil temperature and reveals that these soil moisture errors alone may account for only 1.6 degrees C increases in predicted maximum soil temperatures during the day and temperature reductions of the same magnitude at night. The much larger remaining soil temperature errors possibly stem from documented problems with the solar radiation and longwave parameterizations within the Eta Model. C1 [Godfrey, Christopher M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Godfrey, Christopher M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Godfrey, CM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1 Univ Heights, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM cgodfrey@unca.edu NR 99 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 BP 367 EP 387 DI 10.1175/2007JHM942.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316QY UT WOS:000256966000004 ER PT J AU Martner, BE Yuter, SE White, AB Matrosov, SY Kingsmill, DE Ralph, FM AF Martner, Brooks E. Yuter, Sandra E. White, Allen B. Matrosov, Sergey Y. Kingsmill, David E. Ralph, F. Martin TI Raindrop size distributions and rain characteristics in California coastal rainfall for periods with and without a radar bright band SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; DOPPLER RADAR; X-BAND; REFLECTIVITY; SPECTRA; UNCERTAINTIES; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; CALJET AB Recent studies using vertically pointing S-band profiling radars showed that coastal winter storms in California and Oregon frequently do not display a melting-layer radar bright band and inferred that these nonbrightband (NBB) periods are characterized by raindrop size spectra that differ markedly from those of brightband (BB) periods. Two coastal sites in northern California were revisited in the winter of 2003/04 in this study, which extends the earlier work by augmenting the profiling radar observations with collocated raindrop disdrometers to measure drop size distributions (DSD) at the surface. The disdrometer observations are analyzed for more than 320 h of nonconvective rainfall. The new measurements confirm the earlier inferences that NBB rainfall periods are characterized by greater concentrations of small drops and smaller concentrations of large drops than BB periods. Compared with their BB counterparts, NBB periods had mean values that were 40% smaller for mean-volume diameter, 32% smaller for rain intensity, 87% larger for total drop concentration, and 81% larger (steeper) for slope of the exponential DSDs. The differences are statistically significant. Liquid water contents differ very little, however, for the two rain types. Disdrometer-based relations between radar reflectivity (Z) and rainfall intensity (R) at the site in the Coast Range Mountains were Z = 168R(1.58) for BB periods and Z = 44R(1.91) for NBB. The much lower coefficient, which is characteristic of NBB rainfall, is poorly represented by the Z-R equations most commonly applied to data from the operational network of Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) units, which underestimate rain accumulations by a factor of 2 or more when applied to nonconvective NBB situations. Based on the observed DSDs, it is also concluded that polarimetric scanning radars may have some limited ability to distinguish between regions of BB and NBB rainfall using differential reflectivity. However, differential-phase estimations of rain intensity are not useful for NBB rain, because the drops are too small and nearly spherical. On average, the profiler-measured echo tops were 3.2 km lower in NBB periods than during BB periods, and they extended only about 1 km above the 0 degrees C altitude. The findings are consistent with the concept that precipitation processes during BB periods are dominated by ice processes in deep cloud layers associated with synoptic-scale forcing, whereas the more restrained growth of hydrometeors in NBB periods is primarily the result of orographically forced condensation and coalescence processes in much shallower clouds. C1 [Martner, Brooks E.; White, Allen B.; Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Kingsmill, David E.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, ESRL, PSD 2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Martner, Brooks E.; White, Allen B.; Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Kingsmill, David E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yuter, Sandra E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Martner, BE (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD 2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM brooks.martner@noaa.gov RI Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015 OI Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X NR 29 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 BP 408 EP 425 DI 10.1175/2007JHM924.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316QY UT WOS:000256966000006 ER PT J AU Yuan, HL Mcginley, JA Schultz, PJ Anderson, CJ Lu, CG AF Yuan, Huiling Mcginley, John A. Schultz, Paul J. Anderson, Christopher J. Lu, Chungu TI Short-range precipitation forecasts from time-lagged multimodel ensembles during the HMT-West-2006 campaign SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM; MODEL; VERIFICATION; PARAMETERIZATION; CONSEQUENCES; CALIBRATION; TAIWAN AB High-resolution (3 km) time-lagged (initialized every 3 h) multimodel ensembles were produced in support of the Hydrometeorological Testbed (HMT)-West-2006 campaign in northern California, covering the American River basin (ARB). Multiple mesoscale models were used, including the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), and fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). Short-range (6 h) quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) and probabilistic QPFs (PQPFs) were compared to the 4-km NCEP stage IV precipitation analyses for archived intensive operation periods (IOPs). The two sets of ensemble runs (operational and rerun forecasts) were examined to evaluate the quality of high-resolution QPFs produced by time-lagged multimodel ensembles and to investigate the impacts of ensemble configurations on forecast skill. Uncertainties in precipitation forecasts were associated with different models, model physics, and initial and boundary conditions. The diabatic initialization by the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) helped precipitation forecasts, while the selection of microphysics was critical in ensemble design. Probability biases in the ensemble products were addressed by calibrating PQPFs. Using artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression (LR) methods, the bias correction of PQPFs and a cross-validation procedure were applied to three operational IOPs and four rerun IOPs. Both the ANN and LR methods effectively improved PQPFs, especially for lower thresholds. The LR method outperformed the ANN method in bias correction, in particular for a smaller training data size. More training data (e. g., one-season forecasts) are desirable to test the robustness of both calibration methods. C1 [Yuan, Huiling; Mcginley, John A.; Schultz, Paul J.; Anderson, Christopher J.; Lu, Chungu] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, Christopher J.; Lu, Chungu] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Yuan, HL (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R GSD7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM huiling.yuan@noaa.gov RI Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013 NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 BP 477 EP 491 DI 10.1175/2007JHM879.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316QY UT WOS:000256966000010 ER PT J AU Moore, SE AF Moore, Sue E. TI Marine mammals as ecosystem sentinels SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; marine ecosystems; marine mammals; seals; sentinels; whales ID NORTHERN BERING-SEA; ICE COVER; POLAR BEARS; GRAY WHALES; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; TRENDS; ALASKA; OSCILLATION AB The earth's climate is changing, possibly at an unprecedented rate. Overall, the planet is warming, sea ice and glaciers are in retreat, sea level is rising, and pollutants are accumulating in the environment and within organisms. These clear physical changes undoubtedly affect marine ecosystems. Species dependent on sea ice, such as the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and the ringed seal (Phoca hispida), provide the clearest examples of sensitivity to climate change. Responses of cetaceans to climate change are more difficult to discern, but in the eastern North Pacific evidence is emerging that gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) are delaying their southbound migration, expanding their feeding range along the migration route and northward to Arctic waters, and even remaining in polar waters over winter-all indications that North Pacific and Arctic ecosystems are in transition. To use marine mammals as sentinels of ecosystem change, we must expand our existing research strategies to encompass the decadal and ocean-basin temporal and spatial scales consistent with their natural histories. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Moore, SE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM sue.moore@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 15 U2 85 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3 BP 534 EP 540 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-S-312R1.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 310TK UT WOS:000256553100002 ER PT J AU Agostini, VN Hendrix, AN Hollowed, AB Wilson, CD Pierce, SD Francis, RC AF Agostini, V. N. Hendrix, A. N. Hollowed, A. B. Wilson, C. D. Pierce, S. D. Francis, R. C. TI Climate-ocean variability and Pacific hake: A geostatistical modeling approach SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE climate; ecosystems; Merluccius productus; habitat; spatial distribution; USA; California current ID MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; FISH; FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM; SARDINE; POPULATIONS; DEPENDENCE; MIGRATION AB Climate forcing of the California Current has been known to impact the distribution and abundance of a number of local fish populations, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Climate metiics such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are usually used to represent climate processes and direct links are made between climate forcing and production variability. This involves aggregation of impacts across large spatial scales and range of species. However, fluctuations in productivity are often the result of changes in physical habitat. In order to fully understand the relationship between climate and productivity, habitat changes should be addressed. In this study we use a geostatistical approach to quantify adult Pacific hake habitat during different climate regimes. Several authors have suggested that the distribution and intensity of the sub-surface poleward flow (the undercurrent) plays a key role in defining adult hake habitat along the west coast of North America. Here we build a model designed to predict hake habitat distribution in space based on sub-surface poleward flow distribution and bottom depth. Our results show that hake habitat expands in 1998 El Nino year compared to 1995. Given the important predatory role that hake plays in the CC, the amount and distribution of adult hake habitat has large implications for the Pacific Northwest food web and could thus serve as an ecosystem indicator representing important physical-biological interactions. Spatially based ecosystem indicators such as the one we develop here address two important yet neglected areas in the 'Ecosystem Indicators debate': the importance of developing metrics explicitly representing spatial and environmental processes shaping ecosystem structure. Without these, our power to fully describe ecosystems will be limited. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Agostini, V. N.; Francis, R. C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98149 USA. [Hendrix, A. N.] R2 Resource Consultants Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Hollowed, A. B.; Wilson, C. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv AFSC, Seattle, WA 98143 USA. [Pierce, S. D.] Oregon State Univ COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Agostini, VN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Way, Miami, FL 33133 USA. EM vagostini@rsmas.miami.edu; nhendrix@r2usa.com; Anne.hollowed@noaa.gov; Chris.Wilson@noaa.gov; spierces@coas.oregonstate.edu; bfrancis@u.washington.edu RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 71 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.01.010 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 306GG UT WOS:000256235700003 ER PT J AU Becker, CA Mishin, Y Boettinger, WJ AF Becker, Chandler Amiss Mishin, Yuri Boettinger, William J. TI The pre-wetting transition at antiphase boundaries: an atomistic modeling study of Ni(3)Al SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries CY JUL 10-13, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SOLID-SOLUTION; FCC ALLOYS; SYSTEM; ORDER AB Using an embedded-atom model for Ni-Al alloys, we have examined interfacial properties of the Ni/Ni(3)Al system, concentrating on properties of the antiphase boundaries. These interfaces between domains of the gamma' phase can undergo a pre-wetting transition as the region of the antiphase boundaries disorders and then transforms into a metastable gamma phase. In order to understand more about this transition, we have performed detailed thermodynamic, compositional, and structural analyses of this system using semi-grand canonical Monte-Carlo simulations, with particular interest in composition profiles and segregation. We will discuss our studies in the context of previous treatments of these interfaces. C1 [Becker, Chandler Amiss; Boettinger, William J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mishin, Yuri] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Becker, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chandler.becker@nist.gov RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 11 BP 3873 EP 3880 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-2340-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 301EJ UT WOS:000255878900020 ER PT J AU Hodges, JT Lisak, D Lavrentieva, N Bykov, A Sinitsa, L Tennyson, J Barber, RJ Tolchenov, RN AF Hodges, J. T. Lisak, D. Lavrentieva, N. Bykov, A. Sinitsa, L. Tennyson, J. Barber, R. J. Tolchenov, R. N. TI Comparison between theoretical calculations and high-resolution measurements of pressure broadening for near-infrared water spectra SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE molecular spectroscopy; water vapor; H2O; cavity ring-down spectroscopy; pressure broadening; line shape ID DEPENDENT COLLISIONAL WIDTH; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; 1.39 MU-M; LINE-SHAPE; TRIATOMIC-MOLECULES; LINESHAPE MODELS; VAPOR SPECTRUM; PROGRAM SUITE; H2O LINES AB We report N-2 and air foreign pressure broadening coefficients of more than twenty rovibrational transitions of water vapor in the 935-nm spectral region, and these measurements are compared to new theoretical calculations. The data were obtained using the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy method, yielding relative uncertainties for the broadening parameters in the range 0.4-2.2%. The sensitivity of measured broadening parameters to the choice of line shape functions is discussed, and systematic differences between experimentally determined collisional broadening coefficients are shown for the cases when the observed line narrowing is interpreted in terms of Dicke-narrowing or the speed-dependence of the collisional broadening and shifting. Theoretical models of pressure broadening for these transitions agree with the measurements to within 4% for most transitions with an average relative difference of 0.63%. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hodges, J. T.; Lisak, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lisak, D.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Lavrentieva, N.; Bykov, A.; Sinitsa, L.] Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Tennyson, J.; Barber, R. J.; Tolchenov, R. N.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Lavrentieva, Nina/A-4010-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014 OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; NR 60 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 249 IS 2 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.02.022 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 309MD UT WOS:000256463600003 ER PT J AU Fox-Kemper, B Ferrari, R Hallberg, R AF Fox-Kemper, Baylor Ferrari, Raffaele Hallberg, Robert TI Parameterization of mixed layer eddies. Part I: Theory and diagnosis SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GEOSTROPHIC BAROCLINIC STABILITY; OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; EADY WAVES; NONLINEAR EQUILIBRATION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; DEEP CONVECTION; VERTICAL MOTION; INSTABILITY; RESTRATIFICATION; ADJUSTMENT AB Ageostrophic baroclinic instabilities develop within the surface mixed layer of the ocean at horizontal fronts and efficiently restratify the upper ocean. In this paper a parameterization for the restratification driven by finite-amplitude baroclinic instabilities of the mixed layer is proposed in terms of an overturning streamfunction that tilts isopycnals from the vertical to the horizontal. The streamfunction is proportional to the product of the horizontal density gradient, the mixed layer depth squared, and the inertial period. Hence restratification proceeds faster at strong fronts in deep mixed layers with a weak latitude dependence. In this paper the parameterization is theoretically motivated, confirmed to perform well for a wide range of mixed layer depths, rotation rates, and vertical and horizontal stratifications. It is shown to be superior to alternative extant parameterizations of baroclinic instability for the problem of mixed layer restratification. Two companion papers discuss the numerical implementation and the climate impacts of this parameterization. C1 [Fox-Kemper, Baylor; Ferrari, Raffaele] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Fox-Kemper, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bfk@colorado.edu RI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/A-1159-2007; Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013 OI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048; Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956 NR 69 TC 182 Z9 182 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1165 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3792.1 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 317NM UT WOS:000257026900001 ER PT J AU Nour, S Mille, M Inn, K AF Nour, S. Mille, M. Inn, K. TI Using Monte Carlo methods to estimate efficiencies of gamma-ray emitters with complex geometries SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB In the event of a radioactive disaster, one of the biggest tasks is to estimate the radiation dosage received by people to determine the actions of emergency response teams. The first and the most rapid screening method of internally contaminated people in case of an emergency response is to perform in-vivo measurements for gamma-emitters. Development of virtual gamma-ray calibration techniques will be critical for emergency invivo measurements because there are inadequate numbers of phantom types to approximate all body shapes and sizes. The purpose of this project was to find a reliable way to estimate the efficiency of gamma-systems using Monte Carlo computations, and to validate that efficiency by making measurements of a standard geometry. Two geometries, a 5-ml ampoule and a Bottle Manikin Absorption (BOMAB) phantom head, spiked with Ga-67 were used as standard geometries. The radioactive objects are measured at a number of distances from a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector, and the experimental efficiency for our gamma-spectrometry system is determined. The same set of experiments was then modeled using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP). The conclusion of this project is that computationally derived detector efficiency calibrations can be comparable to those derived experimentally from physical standards. C1 [Nour, S.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mille, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nour, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM svetlana.nour@nist.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 276 IS 3 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0605-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 316DK UT WOS:000256928900005 ER PT J AU Cetiner, MS Unlu, K Downing, RG AF Cetiner, M. S. Unlu, K. Downing, R. G. TI Development and applications of time-of-flight neutron depth profiling (TOF-NDP) SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PARTICLES; SPECTROMETRY; DETECTORS AB Neutron depth profiling (NDP) is a surface analysis technique based on the irradiation of samples with thermal or sub-thermal neutrons, and subsequent release of charged particles. Emitted particles rapidly lose kinetic energy primarily through interactions with the electrons of the substrate material. The depth of the reaction site can be found by using stopping power correlations. In conventional NDP, particle residual energy is measured by using a silicon semiconductor detector. In time-of-flight NDP (TOF-NDP), the energy can be determined by particle flight time. Time measurement can be made more sensitively than the energy measurement. Silicon semiconductor detectors can be replaced by microchannel plates (MCP). In this study, TOF-NDP concept will be briefly explained; Penn State TOF-NDP facility will be introduced; preliminary measurements performed with an alpha-source will be presented. C1 [Cetiner, M. S.; Unlu, K.] Penn State Radiat Sci & Engn Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Downing, R. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cetiner, MS (reprint author), Penn State Radiat Sci & Engn Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mscetiner@psu.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 276 IS 3 BP 623 EP 630 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0609-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 316DK UT WOS:000256928900009 ER PT J AU Band, AH Klouda, GA Pheiffer, SH AF Band, A. H. Klouda, G. A. Pheiffer, S. H. TI A highly flexible, data intensive acquisition system for characterizing low-level decay events SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COUNTING SYSTEM AB Since the early 1970's, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has maintained a low-level decay, multi-channel counting facility for measuring environmental samples and for pulse distribution studies tied to the behavior of proportional and Geiger-Muller detectors. Pulses have been time stamped and sorted using a hard-wired digital logic interface to discriminate coincidence, anticoincidence, guard and test pulse events; to digitize the pulse-height and rise-time; to monitor specific characteristics of intra-channel and inter-channel events; and to measure microsecond timing between any two events. To enhance event characterization, a computer-based waveform analyzer was added in 1985 to digitize individual pulses. In 2002, a next-generation low-level counting (NG-LLC) system was developed using commercial off-the-shelf electronics. The objective of this paper is to describe the key components of the NG-LLC system. Many of the event parameters previously determined by inflexible digital logic are now calculated in software. C1 [Band, A. H.] NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Klouda, G. A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pheiffer, S. H.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Band, AH (reprint author), NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.klouda@nist.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 276 IS 3 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0614-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 316DK UT WOS:000256928900014 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Tekin, A Safarov, J Shahverdiyev, A Hassel, E AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Tekin, A. Safarov, J. Shahverdiyev, A. Hassel, E. TI High-pressure densities and derived volumetric properties (excess, apparent and partial molar volumes) of binary mixtures of methanol plus [BMIM][PF6] SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE apparent molar volume; BMIMPF6; density; methanol; equation of state; excess molar volume; ionic liquid; partial molar volume ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; 298.15 K; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; INFINITE DILUTION; TERNARY MIXTURES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TAIT EQUATION AB The density of five (0.02297, 0.08317, 0.26147, 0.49343, 0.75255 mole fraction BMIMPF6) binary methanol + BMIMPF6 (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophospate) mixtures have been measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. Measurements were performed at temperatures from 298 to 398 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa. The total uncertainties of the density, temperature, pressure, and concentration (mole fractions) measurements were estimated to be less than 0.1 kg.m(-3), 15 mK, 5 kPa, and 10(-4), respectively. The uncertainties reported in this paper are expanded uncertainties at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k=2. The measured densities were used to study of the effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration on the derived volumetric properties such as excess, apparent and partial molar volumes. It is shown that the values of excess molar volume for methanol + BMIMPF6 mixtures are negative at all measured temperatures and pressures in the whole concentration range. The measured densities were used to develop Tait-type equations of state for pure components and the mixtures. The structural properties such as direct and total correlation function integrals were calculated using the derived partial molar volumes at infinite dilution. C1 [Tekin, A.] Erciyes Univ, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey. [Safarov, J.; Shahverdiyev, A.] Azerbaijan Tech Univ, Baku 1073, Azerbaijan. [Safarov, J.; Hassel, E.] Univ Rostock, Lehrstuhl Tech Thermodynam, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 117 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 801 EP 833 DI 10.1007/s10953-008-9278-y PG 33 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 291KN UT WOS:000255196000006 ER PT J AU Zampolli, M Tesei, A Canepa, G Godin, OA AF Zampolli, Mario Tesei, Alessandra Canepa, Gaetano Godin, Oleg A. TI Computing the far field scattered or radiated by objects inside layered fluid media using approximate, Green's functions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; WAVE-PROPAGATION; IMPEDANCE PLANE; INTEGRALS; IMAGES; SHELLS AB A numerically efficient technique is presented for computing the field radiated or scattered from three-dimensional objects embedded within layered acoustic media. The distance between the receivers and the object of interest is supposed to be large compared to the acoustic wavelength. The method requires the pressure and normal particle displacement on the surface of the object or on an arbitrary circumscribing surface, as an input, together with a knowledge of the layered medium Green's functions. The numerical integration of the full wave number spectral representation of the Green's functions is avoided by employing approximate formulas which are available in terms of elementary functions. The pressure and normal particle displacement on the surface of the object of interest, on the other hand, may be known by analytical or numerical means or from experiments. No restrictions are placed on the location of the object, which may lie above, below, or across the interface between the fluid media. The proposed technique is verified through numerical examples, for-which the near field pressure and the particle displacement are computed via a finite-element method. The results are compared to validated reference models, which are based on the full wave number spectral integral Green's function. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Zampolli, Mario; Tesei, Alessandra; Canepa, Gaetano] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zampolli, M (reprint author), NATO Undersea Res Ctr, Viale San Bartlolomeo 400, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. EM zampolli@nurc.nato.int RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 6 BP 4051 EP 4058 DI 10.1121/1.2902139 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 313HE UT WOS:000256730900004 PM 18537357 ER PT J AU Akamatsu, T Wang, D Wang, K Li, S Dong, S Zhao, X Barlow, J Stewart, BS Richlen, M AF Akamatsu, T. Wang, D. Wang, K. Li, S. Dong, S. Zhao, X. Barlow, J. Stewart, B. S. Richlen, M. TI Estimation of the detection probability for Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) with a passive acoustic method SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPERM-WHALE ABUNDANCE; HARBOR PORPOISE; HUMPBACK WHALES; DATA LOGGER; WATERS; CETACEANS; SEA; PACIFIC; ECHOLOCATION; DOLPHINS AB Yangtze finless porpoises were surveyed by using simultaneous visual and acoustical methods from 6 November to 13 December 2006. Two research vessels towed stereo acoustic data loggers, which were used to store the intensity and sound source direction of the high frequency sonar signals produced by finless porpoises at detection ranges up to 300 m on each side of the vessel. Simple stereo beam forming allowed the separation of distinct biosonar sound source, which enabled us to count the number of vocalizing porpoises. Acoustically, 204 porpoises were detected from one vessel and 199 from the other vessel in the same section of the Yangtze River. Visually, 163 and 162 porpoises were detected from two vessels within 300 m of the vessel track. The calculated detection probability using acoustic method was approximately twice that for visual detection for each vessel. The difference in detection probabilities between the two methods was caused by the large number of single individuals that were missed by visual observers. However, the sizes of large groups were underestimated by using the acoustic methods. Acoustic and visual observations complemented each other in the accurate detection of porpoises. The use of simple, relatively inexpensive acoustic monitoring systems should enhance population surveys of free-ranging, echolocating odontocetes. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Akamatsu, T.] Fisheries Res Agcy, NRIFE, Kamisu, Ibaraki 3140408, Japan. [Wang, D.; Wang, K.; Li, S.; Dong, S.; Zhao, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Barlow, J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Stewart, B. S.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Richlen, M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Akamatsu, T (reprint author), Fisheries Res Agcy, NRIFE, Kamisu, Ibaraki 3140408, Japan. RI Li, Songhai/A-2652-2012 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 30 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 6 BP 4403 EP 4411 DI 10.1121/1.2912449 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 313HE UT WOS:000256730900038 PM 18537391 ER PT J AU Kidner, NJ Perry, NH Mason, TO Garboczi, EJ AF Kidner, Neil J. Perry, Nicola H. Mason, Thomas O. Garboczi, Edward J. TI The brick layer model revisited: introducing the nano-grain composite model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IMPEDANCE/DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; EXPERIMENTAL LIMITATIONS; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; PART 2 C1 [Kidner, Neil J.; Perry, Nicola H.; Mason, Thomas O.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kidner, Neil J.; Perry, Nicola H.; Mason, Thomas O.] Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Garboczi, Edward J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mason, TO (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM t-mason@northwestem.edu RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 44 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1733 EP 1746 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02445.x PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 308SQ UT WOS:000256410700001 ER PT J AU Bhalla, A Dogan, F Jia, QX Wong-Ng, W AF Bhalla, Amar Dogan, Fatih Jia, Quanxi Wong-Ng, Winnie TI Topical issue on perovskites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bhalla, Amar] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Jia, Quanxi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wong-Ng, Winnie] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bhalla, A (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1747 EP 1747 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02521.x PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 308SQ UT WOS:000256410700002 ER PT J AU Zuidema, P Xue, HW Feingold, G AF Zuidema, Paquita Xue, Huiwen Feingold, Graham TI Shortwave radiative impacts from aerosol effects on marine shallow cumuli SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; INDEPENDENT PIXEL APPROXIMATION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; AVERAGED SOLAR FLUXES; TRADE-WIND CUMULI; OPTICAL DEPTH; PART II; ALBEDO; OCEAN; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The net shortwave radiative impact of aerosol on simulations of two shallow marine cloud cases is investigated using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model. For a shallow cumulus case, increased aerosol concentrations are associated not only with smaller droplet sizes but also reduced cloud fractions and cloud dimensions, a result of evaporation-induced mixing and a lack of precipitation. Three-dimensional radiative transfer (3DRT) effects alter the fluxes by 10% - 20% from values calculated using the independent column approximation for these simulations. The first (Twomey) aerosol indirect effect is dominant but the decreased cloud fraction reduces the magnitude of the shortwave cloud forcing substantially. The 3DRT effects slightly decrease the sensitivity of the cloud albedo to changes in droplet size under an overhead sun for the two ranges of cloud liquid water paths examined, but not strongly so. A popular two-stream radiative transfer approximation to the cloud susceptibility overestimates the more directly calculated values for the low liquid-water-path clouds within pristine aerosol conditions by a factor of 2 despite performing well otherwise, suggesting caution in its application to the cloud albedos within broken cloud fields. An evaluation of the influence of cloud susceptibility and cloud fraction changes to a "domain" area-weighted cloud susceptibility found that the domain cloud albedo is more likely to increase under aerosol loading at intermediate aerosol concentrations than under the most pristine conditions, contrary to traditional expectations. The second simulation ( cumulus penetrating into stratus) is characterized by higher cloud fractions and more precipitation. This case has two regimes: a clean, precipitating regime where cloud fraction increases with increasing aerosol, and a more polluted regime where cloud fraction decreases with increasing aerosol. For this case the domain-mean cloud albedo increases steadily with aerosol loading under clean conditions, but increases only slightly after the cloud coverage decreases. Three-dimensional radiative transfer effects are mostly negligible for this case. Both sets of simulations suggest that aerosol-induced cloud fraction changes must be considered in tandem with the Twomey effect for clouds of small dimensions when assessing the net radiative impact, because both effects are drop size dependent and radiatively significant. C1 [Zuidema, Paquita] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Xue, Huiwen] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zuidema, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pzuidema@rsmas.miami.edu RI Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1979 EP 1990 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2447.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310OX UT WOS:000256540000015 ER PT J AU Held, IM Zhao, M AF Held, Isaac M. Zhao, Ming TI Horizontally homogeneous rotating radiative-convective equilibria at GCM resolution SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE CLIMATOLOGY; HURRICANE-TYPE VORTICES; VERTICAL SHEAR; MODEL; INTENSITY; FREQUENCY; ATMOSPHERE; SST AB Rotating radiative-convective equilibrium, using the column physics and resolution of GCMs, is proposed as a useful framework for studying the tropical storm-like vortices produced by global models. These equilibria are illustrated using the column physics and dynamics of a version of the GFDL Atmospheric Model 2 (AM2) at resolutions of 220, 110, and 55 km in a large 2 x 10(4) km square horizontally homogeneous domain with fixed sea surface temperature and uniform Coriolis parameter. The large domain allows a number of tropical storms to exist simultaneously. Once equilibrium is attained, storms often persist for hundreds of days. The number of storms decreases as sea surface temperatures increase, while the average intensity increases. As the background rotation is decreased, the number of storms also decreases. At these resolutions and with this parameterization of convection, a dense collection of tropical storms is always the end state of moist convection in the cases examined. C1 [Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Zhao, Ming] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Held, IM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forest Campus US Route 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM isaac.held@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 2003 EP 2013 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2604.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310OX UT WOS:000256540000017 ER PT J AU Beversluis, MR Bryant, GW Stranick, SJ AF Beversluis, Michael R. Bryant, Garnett W. Stranick, Stephan J. TI Effects of inhomogeneous fields in superresolving structured-illumination microscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL RESOLUTION; AXIAL RESOLUTION; LIGHT; LIMIT; ENHANCEMENT; EXCITATION AB The increased resolution attained by structured illumination is based on the degree to which high spatial frequencies can be down converted into the passband of the imaging system. To effectively do this, a high contrast high-frequency illumination pattern is required. We show how the use of high numerical aperture (1.42 NA and 1.65 NA) microscope objectives in structured-illumination microscopy can provide relatively high-frequency illumination patterns. However, a consequence of this is that the resulting illumination pattern can become evanescently decaying and thus becomes inhomogeneous within a microscopically extended sample medium. We demonstrate how these inhomogeneous fields impact the superresolved imaging of the microscope and how these adverse effects can be avoided. C1 [Beversluis, Michael R.; Bryant, Garnett W.; Stranick, Stephan J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stranick, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM strunick@nist.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1371 EP 1377 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.25.001371 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 319HZ UT WOS:000257156000018 PM 18516147 ER PT J AU Song, MY Kato, T Kato, D Murakami, I Ralchenko, Y AF Song, Mi-Young Kato, Takako Kato, Daiji Murakami, Izumi Ralchenko, Y. TI Total and partial dielectronic and radiative recombination of Xe10+ ions SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE dielectronc recombination process; Xe ions; many electron heavy ions; partial recombination rate coefficients; dielectronic satellite lines; density effect ID RATE COEFFICIENTS; EXCITED-STATES; ISOSEQUENCES; FE; CA; SI; MG; NI; AR AB In this paper we study dielectronic and radiative recombination processes of Xe ions. We have calculated the energy levels, radiative transition probabilities, autoionization rates, and radiative recombination cross section for Xe10+ ions using the flexible atomic code (FAC). New dielectronic recombination rate coefficients to excited states of Xe9+ as well as total rate coefficients from the Xe10+ ions are presented. We also calculated the related dielectronic satellite lines. We studied the n- and l- dependence for the dielectronic recombination rate coefficient and the radiative recombination rate coefficient. The dielectronic satellite lines through the 4d(8) + e -> 4d(7) 4f(1) nl -> 4d(8) nl + hv and the 4d(8) + e -> 4d(7) 5p(1) nl -> 4d(8) nl + hv are calculated and found to be important at low electron temperature for line intensities comparing to the lines produced by excitation. The radiative recombination rate coefficients are always smaller than the values of the dielectronic recombination rate coefficient in the interesting temperature region of T-e = 1-1000 eV. The contribution of highly excited states to the total dielectronic recombination is important. We estimated the density effect on the dielectronic recombination rate coefficient. It is found that the dielectronic recombination rate coefficients are larger than radiative recombination rate coefficients in the density region n(e) < 10(19) cm(-3). C1 [Song, Mi-Young] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Kato, Takako; Kato, Daiji; Murakami, Izumi] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. [Ralchenko, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, MY (reprint author), Natl Fus Res Inst, 52 Eoeun Dong, Taejon 305333, South Korea. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 6 AR 064302 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.77.064302 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 315QF UT WOS:000256893800012 ER PT J AU Dinaburg, JB Amon, F Hamins, A Boynton, P AF Dinaburg, Joshua B. Amon, Francine Hamins, Anthony Boynton, Paul TI Performance of liquid-crystal displays for fire-service thermal-imaging cameras SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY LA English DT Article DE charge-coupled device; display; display measurement; liquid-crystal display; image quality; infrared imaging; thermal imaging AB As use of handheld thermal-imaging cameras (TICs) becomes more prevalent in the first-responder community, it is important that standard test metrics be available to characterize imaging performance. A key performance consideration is the quality of the image presented on the TIC display. This paper focuses on TICs that use liquid-crystal displays to render an image for the user. Current research on TIC performance for first-responder applications makes use of trained observers and/or composite-video-output-signal measurements. Trained observer tests are subjective and composite video output tests do not evaluate the performance of the complete imaging system. A non-destructive objective method was developed that tests the performance of the entire thermal-imaging system, from the infrared sensor to the display. A thermal target was used to correlate the measured thermal imager composite video output signal with the luminance of the display. A well-characterized charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera and digital recording device were used to measure the display luminance. An electro-optical transfer function was determined that directly relates the composite video output signal to the luminance of the display, providing a realistic characterization of system performance. C1 [Amon, Francine; Hamins, Anthony] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boynton, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Div Optoelect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dinaburg, JB (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, Fire Sci & Engn Div, Baltimore, MD USA. EM francine.amon@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY PI SAN JOSE PA 610 S SECOND STREET, SAN JOSE, CA 95112 USA SN 1071-0922 J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.1889/1.2938873 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 309JX UT WOS:000256457600008 ER PT J AU Thompson, KR Rawles, SD Metts, LS Smith, R Wimsatt, A Gannam, AL Twibell, RG Johnson, RB Brady, YJ Webster, CD AF Thompson, Kenneth R. Rawles, Steven D. Metts, Linda S. Smith, Re'gie Wimsatt, Ashley Gannam, Ann L. Twibell, Ronald G. Johnson, Ronald B. Brady, Yolanda J. Webster, Carl D. TI Digestibility of dry matter, protein, lipid, and organic matter of two fish meals, two poultry by-product meals, soybean meal, and distiller's dried grains with solubles in practical diets for sunshine bass, Morone chrysops x M-Saxatilis SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; COD GADUS-MORHUA; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; FEED INGREDIENTS; STRIPED BASS; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; CHANNEL CATFISH AB Limited information is available on digestibility of nutrients in various practical ingredients used in diets for commercially important finfish species, such as hybrid striped bass. This information is especially needed for sunshine bass, Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis, to improve least-cost diet formulations and to allow effective substitution of feedstuffs. A study was conducted with large (867 g) sunshine bass to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for moisture, protein, lipid, and organic matter (OM) in a variety of ingredients in floating, extrusion-processed, diets. The practical ingredients tested were menhaden (MEN) fish meal (FM), anchovy (ANCH) FM, pet-food grade poultry by-product meal, feed-grade poultry by-product meal, dehulled soybean meal (SBM), and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Test diets consisted of a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (1.0%) as the inert marker. Reference and test diet ingredients were mixed and extruded on a Wenger X85 single-screw extruder to produce floating pellets. The digestibility trials were conducted in twelve 1200-L circular tanks. Diets were randomly assigned to tanks of 30 sunshine bass and were fed once daily to satiation. Protein digestibility coefficients were significantly (P < 0.05) different among test ingredients and ranged from 86.42% for MEN to 64.94% for DDGS. Lipid ADCs were significantly different (P < 0.05) among test ingredients and ranged from 92.14% for MEN to 57.11% for SBM. OM ADCs were significantly different (P < 0.05) among test ingredients and ranged from 89.41% for MEN to 16.94% for DDGS. This information will assist in the formulation of more efficient, economical diets for sunshine bass. C1 [Thompson, Kenneth R.; Metts, Linda S.; Smith, Re'gie; Wimsatt, Ashley; Webster, Carl D.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Rawles, Steven D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Gannam, Ann L.; Twibell, Ronald G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Johnson, Ronald B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Brady, Yolanda J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Webster, CD (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 68 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 352 EP 363 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00174.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 304LF UT WOS:000256110300005 ER PT J AU Zuo, D Jones, NP Main, JA AF Zuo, D. Jones, N. P. Main, J. A. TI Field observation of vortex- and rain-wind-induced stay-cable vibrations in a three-dimensional environment SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP EXA Corp, Scanivalve Corp, Dantec Dynam, Aiolos Engn Corp, LaVision, CRIEPI, Cobalt Solut LLC DE stay cable; vortex-induced vibration; rain-wind-induced vibration; three-dimensional environment ID BRIDGES; VELOCITY; CYLINDER AB Excessive wind- and rain-wind-induced vibrations have been a major concern for stays of cable-stayed bridges. This paper presents some characteristics of stay-cable vibrations observed using a long-term full-scale measurement system and attempts to interpret these observations in a three-dimensional cable-wind context. The similarities and differences between vortex-induced vibration and rain-wind-induced vibration are also investigated. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zuo, D.; Jones, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Main, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, NP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM npjones@jhu.edu RI Jones, Nicholas/A-2328-2010 NR 10 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 96 IS 6-7 BP 1124 EP 1133 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2007.06.046 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 325LS UT WOS:000257591000037 ER PT J AU Pelton, M Aizpurua, J Bryant, G AF Pelton, Matthew Aizpurua, Javier Bryant, Garnett TI Metal-nanoparticle plasmonics SO LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE metal nanoparticles; nano-optics; optical properties; plasmonics; nonlinear optics ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; SINGLE GOLD NANOPARTICLES; UNIFORM SILVER NANOWIRES; WET CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ASPECT-RATIO; SURFACE-PLASMONS; PARTICLE-SIZE; COLLOIDAL GOLD AB The rapid emergence of nanoplasmonics as a novel technology has been driven by recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, and understanding of metal-nanoparticle systems. In this review, we highlight some of the key advances in each of these areas. We emphasize the basic physical understanding and experimental techniques that will enable a new generation of applications in nano-optics. C1 [Bryant, Garnett] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, Garnett] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pelton, Matthew] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Aizpurua, Javier] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Aizpurua, Javier] CSIC UPV EHU, Ctr Mixto Fis Mat, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. RP Bryant, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; Pelton, Matthew/H-7482-2013; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 OI Pelton, Matthew/0000-0002-6370-8765; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; NR 191 TC 356 Z9 359 U1 34 U2 337 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1863-8880 EI 1863-8899 J9 LASER PHOTONICS REV JI Laser Photon. Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 136 EP 159 DI 10.1002/lpor.200810003 PG 24 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA 328FK UT WOS:000257783600003 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Suchman, CL Reese, DC Miller, TW Daly, EA AF Brodeur, R. D. Suchman, C. L. Reese, D. C. Miller, T. W. Daly, E. A. TI Spatial overlap and trophic interactions between pelagic fish and large jellyfish in the northern California Current SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE FOOD WEBS; AURELIA-AURITA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SURFACE WATERS; PREY SELECTION; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; BERING-SEA; BLACK-SEA; PREDATION AB Recent studies have indicated that populations of gelatinous zooplankton may be increasing and expanding in geographic coverage, and these increases may in turn affect coastal fish populations. We conducted trawl surveys in the northern California Current and documented a substantial biomass of scyphomedusae consisting primarily of two species (Chrysaora fuscescens and Aurelia labiata). Spatial overlap of these jellyfish with most pelagic fishes, including salmon, was generally low, but there were regions of relatively high overlap where trophic interactions may have been occurring. We compared feeding ecology of jellyfish and pelagic fishes based on diet composition and found that trophic overlap was high with planktivorous species that consume copepods and euphausiid eggs such as Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), Pacific saury (Cololabis saira), and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi). Moreover, isotope and diet analyses suggest that jellyfish occupy a trophic level similar to that of small pelagic fishes such as herring, sardines and northern anchovy. Thus jellyfish have the potential, given their substantial biomass, of competing with these species, especially in years with low ecosystem productivity where prey resources will be limited. C1 [Brodeur, R. D.; Suchman, C. L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Suchman, C. L.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Reese, D. C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, T. W.] Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Daly, E. A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rick.brodeur@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 154 IS 4 BP 649 EP 659 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-0958-3 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 306OZ UT WOS:000256259000006 ER PT J AU Wuenschel, MJ Able, KW AF Wuenschel, M. J. Able, K. W. TI Swimming ability of eels (Anguilla rostrata, Conger oceanicus) at estuarine ingress: contrasting patterns of cross-shelf transport? SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; LATE PELAGIC STAGES; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GLASS-EELS; AMERICAN EEL; WATER TEMPERATURE; BODY CONDITION; SARGASSO SEA AB The transport of eel early life stages may be critical to their population dynamics. This transport from ocean spawning to freshwater, estuarine and coastal nursery areas is a combination of physical and biological processes (including swimming behavior). In New Jersey, USA, the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) enters estuaries as glass eels (48.7-68.1 mm TL) in contrast to the Conger eel (Conger oceanicus) that enters as larger (metamorphosing) leptocephali (68.3-117.8 mm TL). To begin to understand the mechanisms of cross-shelf transport for these species, we measured the potential swimming capability (critical swimming speed, U(crit)) under ambient conditions throughout the ingress season. A. rostrata glass eels were collected over many months (January-June) at a range of temperatures (4-21 degrees C), with relative condition declining over the course of the ingress period as temperatures warmed. C. oceanicus occurred later in the season (April-June) and at warmer temperatures (14-24.5 degrees C). Mean U(crit) values for A. rostrata (11.7-13.3 cm s(-1)) and C. oceanicus (14.7-18.6 cm s(-1)) were comparable, but variable, with portions of the variability explained by water temperature, relative condition, ontogenetic stage, and fish length. Travel times to Little Egg Inlet, New Jersey, estimated using 50% U(crit) values, indicate it would take A. rostrata similar to 30 and similar to 60 days to swim from the shelf edge and Gulf Stream, respectively. Travel times for C. oceanicus were shorter, similar to 20 days from the shelf edge, and similar to 45 days from the Gulf Stream. Despite differences in life stage, our results indicate both species are competent swimmers, and suggest they are capable of swimming from the Gulf Stream and/or edge of the continental shelf to estuarine inlets. C1 [Wuenschel, M. J.; Able, K. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. RP Wuenschel, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mark.wuenschel@noaa.gov NR 68 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 154 IS 5 BP 775 EP 786 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-0970-7 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 307TC UT WOS:000256340200002 ER PT J AU Chaloupka, M Work, TM Balazs, GH Murakawa, SKK Morris, R AF Chaloupka, Milani Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. Murakawa, Shawn K. K. Morris, Robert TI Cause-specific temporal and spatial trends in green sea turtle strandings in the Hawaiian Archipelago (1982-2003) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC GROWTH DYNAMICS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHELONIA-MYDAS; MARINE DEBRIS; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; RESIDENT; RECOVERY; ISLANDS AB We investigated cause-specific temporal and spatial trends in sea turtle strandings in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Five species of sea turtle were recorded in 3,861 strandings over a 22-year period (1982-2003). Green turtles comprised 97% of these strandings with size and gender composition reflecting the demographic structure of the resident green turtle population and relative green turtle abundance in Hawaiian waters. The cause of strandings was determined by necropsy based on a complete gross external and internal examination. Totally 75% of the 3,732 green turtle strandings were from Oahu where strandings occur year-round. The most common known cause of the green turtle strandings was the tumour-forming disease, fibropapillomatosis (28%) followed by hook-and-line fishing gear-induced trauma (7%), gillnet fishing gear-induced trauma (5%), boat strike (2.5%), and shark attack (2.7%). Miscellaneous causes comprised 5.4% of strandings whereas 49% of green turtle strandings could not be attributed to any known cause. Green turtle strandings attributable to boat strike were more likely from Kauai and Oahu while fibropapilloma strandings were more likely from Oahu and Maui. Hook-and-line gear strandings were more likely from Oahu due to higher per capita inshore fishing effort. The specific mortality rate (conditional probability) for fibropapillomatosis was 88%, 69% for gillnet gear and 52% for hook-and-line gear. The probability of a dead green turtle stranding increased from 1982 but levelled off by the mid-1990s. The declining mortality risk was because the prevalence and severity of fibropapillomatosis has decreased recently and so has the mortality risk attributable to gillnet gear. Despite exposure to disease and inshore fishing gears, the Hawaiian green turtle stock continues to recover following protection since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, measures to reduce incidental capture of sea turtles in coastal Hawaiian fisheries would be prudent, especially since strandings attributable to hook-and-line fishing gear have increased steadily since 1982. C1 [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Work, Thierry M.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, George H.; Murakawa, Shawn K. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chaloupka, M (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, POB 6150, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. EM m.chaloupka@uq.edu.au RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 41 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 154 IS 5 BP 887 EP 898 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-0981-4 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 307TC UT WOS:000256340200013 ER PT J AU Twiner, MJ Rehmann, N Hess, P Doucette, GJ AF Twiner, Michael J. Rehmann, Nils Hess, Philipp Doucette, Gregory J. TI Azaspiracid shellfish poisoning: A review on the chemistry, ecology, and toxicology with an emphasis on human health impacts SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Review DE azaspiracid (AZA); AZP; shellfish poisoning ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; OKADAIC ACID; MARINE TOXIN; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM; C28-C40 FRAGMENTS AB Azaspiracids (AZA) are polyether marine toxins that accumulate in various shellfish species and have been associated with severe gastrointestinal human intoxications since 1995. This toxin class has since been reported from several countries, including Morocco and much of western Europe. A regulatory limit of 160 mu g AZA/kg whole shellfish flesh was established by the EU in order to protect human health; however, in some cases, AZA concentrations far exceed the action level. Herein we discuss recent advances on the chemistry of various AZA analogs, review the ecology of AZAs, including the putative progenitor algal species, collectively interpret the in vitro and in vivo data on the toxicology of AZAs relating to human health issues, and outline the European legislature associated with AZAs. C1 [Twiner, Michael J.; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rehmann, Nils; Hess, Philipp] Inst Marine, Biotoxin Chem, Rinville, Oranmore, Ireland. RP Twiner, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Mike.Twiner@noaa.gov; nils.rehmann@marine.ie; philipp.hess@marine.ie; Greg.Doucette@noaa.gov RI Hess, Philipp/G-1761-2010; Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 OI Hess, Philipp/0000-0002-9047-1345; NR 125 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 23 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 39 EP 72 DI 10.3390/md20080004 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 319YY UT WOS:000257202100001 PM 18728760 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Bill, BD Erickson, A Baugh, KA O'Rourke, L Costa, PR Nance, S Trainer, VL AF Lefebvre, Kathi A. Bill, Brian D. Erickson, Aleta Baugh, Keri A. O'Rourke, Lohna Costa, Pedro R. Nance, Shelly Trainer, Vera L. TI Characterization of intracellular and extracellular saxitoxin levels in both field and cultured Alexandrium spp. samples from Sequim Bay, Washington SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE PSP; PSTs; harmful algal blooms; saxitoxin; Alexandrium spp.; extracellular toxins; intracellular toxins; HAB ID PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; DISSOLVED SAXITOXIN; EXTRACTS; FISH; ASSAYS AB Traditionally, harmful algal bloom studies have primarily focused on quantifying toxin levels contained within the phytoplankton cells of interest. In the case of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs), intracellular toxin levels and the effects of dietary consumption of toxic cells by planktivores have been well documented. However, little information is available regarding the levels of extracellular PSTs that may leak or be released into seawater from toxic cells during blooms. In order to fully evaluate the risks of harmful algal bloom toxins in the marine food web, it is necessary to understand all potential routes of exposure. In the present study, extracellular and intracellular PST levels were measured in field seawater samples (collected weekly from June to October 2004-2007) and in Alexandrium spp. culture samples isolated from Sequim Bay, Washington. Measurable levels of intra- and extra-cellular toxins were detected in both field and culture samples via receptor binding assay (RBA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Characterization of the PST toxin profile in the Sequim Bay isolates by pre-column oxidation and HPLC-fluorescence detection revealed that gonyautoxin 1 and 4 made up 65 +/- 9.7 % of the total PSTs present. Collectively, these data confirm that extracellular PSTs are present during blooms of Alexandrium spp. in the Sequim Bay region. C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Bill, Brian D.; Baugh, Keri A.; Nance, Shelly; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. [Erickson, Aleta; O'Rourke, Lohna] Jamestown Sklallam Tribe, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Costa, Pedro R.] Natl Inst Agron & Fisheries Res, IPIMAR, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov; Brian.D.Bill@noaa.gov; aerickson@jamestowntribe.org; Keri.Baugh@noaa.gov; lorourke@jamestowntribe.org; Pedro.Costa@noaa.gov; Shelly.Nance@noaa.gov; Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov RI Costa, Pedro/F-2192-2011 OI Costa, Pedro/0000-0001-6083-470X NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 21 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.3390/md20080006 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 319YY UT WOS:000257202100003 PM 18728762 ER PT J AU Ramsdell, JS Zabka, TS AF Ramsdell, John S. Zabka, Tanja S. TI In utero domoic acid toxicity: A fetal basis to adult disease in the california sea lion (Zalophus californianus) SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Review DE domoic acid; algae; California; reproduction; neurodevelopment; seizure; sea lion ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; BRAIN DAMAGE SYNDROME; KAINIC ACID; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION; HIPPOCAMPAL REGION; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; RAT; BARRIER; MATURATION AB California sea lions have been a repeated subject of investigation for early life toxicity, which has been documented to occur with increasing frequency from late February through mid-May in association with organochlorine (PCB and DDT) poisoning and infectious disease in the 1970's and domoic acid poisoning in the last decade. The mass early life mortality events result from the concentrated breeding grounds and synchronization of reproduction over a 28 day post partum estrus cycle and 11 month in utero phase. This physiological synchronization is triggered by a decreasing photoperiod of 11.48 h/day that occurs approximately 90 days after conception at the major California breeding grounds. The photoperiod trigger activates implantation of embryos to proceed with development for the next 242 days until birth. Embryonic diapause is a selectable trait thought to optimize timing for food utilization and male migratory patterns; yet from the toxicological perspective presented here also serves to synchronize developmental toxicity of pulsed environmental events such as domoic acid poisoning. Research studies in laboratory animals have defined age-dependent neurotoxic effects during development and windows of susceptibility to domoic acid exposure. This review will evaluate experimental domoic acid neurotoxicity in developing rodents and, aided by comparative allometric projections, will analyze potential prenatal toxicity and exposure susceptibility in the California sea lion. This analysis should provide a useful tool to forecast fetal toxicity and understand the impact of fetal toxicity on adult disease of the California sea lion. C1 [Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Zabka, Tanja S.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov; tszabka@yahoo.com NR 87 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 17 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 262 EP 290 DI 10.3390/md20080013 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 319YY UT WOS:000257202100010 PM 18728728 ER PT J AU Glibert, PM Azanza, R Burford, M Furuya, K Abal, E Al-Azri, A Al-Yamani, F Andersen, P Anderson, DM Beardall, J Berg, GM Brand, L Bronk, D Brookes, J Burkholder, JM Cembella, A Cochlan, WP Collier, JL Collos, Y Diaz, R Doblin, M Drennen, T Dyhrman, S Fukuyo, Y Furnas, M Galloway, J Graneli, E Ha, DV Hallegraeff, G Harrison, J Harrison, PJ Heil, CA Heimann, K Howarth, R Jauzein, C Kana, AA Kana, TM Kim, H Kudela, R Legrand, C Mallin, M Mulholland, M Murray, S O'Neil, J Pitcher, G Qi, YZ Rabalais, N Raine, R Seitzinger, S Salomon, PS Solomon, C Stoecker, DK Usup, G Wilson, J Yin, KD Zhou, MJ Zhu, MY AF Glibert, Patricia M. Azanza, Rhodora Burford, Michele Furuya, Ken Abal, Eva Al-Azri, Adnan Al-Yamani, Faiza Andersen, Per Anderson, Donald M. Beardall, John Berg, G. Mine Brand, Larry Bronk, Deborah Brookes, Justin Burkholder, Joann M. Cembella, Allan Cochlan, William P. Collier, Jackie L. Collos, Yves Diaz, Robert Doblin, Martina Drennen, Thomas Dyhrman, Sonya Fukuyo, Yasuwo Furnas, Miles Galloway, James Graneli, Edna Ha, Dao Viet Hallegraeff, Gustaaf Harrison, John Harrison, Paul J. Heil, Cynthia A. Heimann, Kirsten Howarth, Robert Jauzein, Cecile Kana, Austin A. Kana, Todd M. Kim, Hakgyoon Kudela, Raphael Legrand, Catherine Mallin, Michael Mulholland, Margaret Murray, Shauna O'Neil, Judith Pitcher, Grant Qi, Yuzao Rabalais, Nancy Raine, Robin Seitzinger, Sybil Salomon, Paulo S. Solomon, Caroline Stoecker, Diane K. Usup, Gires Wilson, Joanne Yin, Kedong Zhou, Mingjiang Zhu, Mingyuan TI Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE urea dumping; ocean fertilization; carbon credits; Sulu Sea; carbon sequestration; harmful algae; toxic dinoflagellates; cyanobacteria; hypoxia ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS; DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM; THALASSIOSIRA-WEISSFLOGII; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM; IRON FERTILIZATION; ALGAL BLOOM; CORAL-REEFS; SULU SEA AB The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Glibert, Patricia M.; Kana, Todd M.; O'Neil, Judith; Stoecker, Diane K.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Azanza, Rhodora] Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. [Burford, Michele; Yin, Kedong] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Furuya, Ken] Univ Tokyo, Dept Aquat Biosci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Abal, Eva] SE Queensland Healthy Waterways Partnership, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Al-Azri, Adnan] Sultan Quboos Univ, Dept Marine Sci & Fisheries, Muscat, Oman. [Al-Yamani, Faiza] Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Safat 13109, Kuwait. [Andersen, Per] Orbicon AS, DK-8260 Vibyj, Denmark. [Anderson, Donald M.; Dyhrman, Sonya] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Beardall, John; Dyhrman, Sonya] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Berg, G. Mine] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brand, Larry] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bronk, Deborah; Diaz, Robert] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Brookes, Justin] Univ Adelaide, Water Res Cluster, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Burkholder, Joann M.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cembella, Allan] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Cochlan, William P.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, San Francisco, CA 94920 USA. [Collier, Jackie L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Collos, Yves; Jauzein, Cecile] Univ Montpellier 2, IFREMER, CNRS, Lab Ecosyst Lagunaires UMR 5119, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Doblin, Martina] Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Drennen, Thomas; Kana, Austin A.] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Econ, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Drennen, Thomas; Kana, Austin A.] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Fukuyo, Yasuwo] Univ Tokyo, Asian Nat Environm Sci Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Furnas, Miles] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Water Qual & Ecosyst Hlth Team, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Galloway, James] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Graneli, Edna; Legrand, Catherine; Solomon, Caroline] Univ Kalmar, Dept Marine Sci, Kalmar 39182, Sweden. [Ha, Dao Viet] Inst Oceanog, Nhatrang City, Vietnam. [Hallegraeff, Gustaaf] Univ Tasmania, Sch Plant Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Harrison, John] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Harrison, Paul J.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Atmospher Marine & Coastal Environm Program, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Heil, Cynthia A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Heimann, Kirsten] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Howarth, Robert] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kim, Hakgyoon] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Ocean Sci, Pusan, South Korea. [Kudela, Raphael] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci & Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mallin, Michael] Univ N Carolina Wilmington, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Mulholland, Margaret] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Murray, Shauna] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Pitcher, Grant] Marine & Coastal Management, Cape Town, South Africa. [Qi, Yuzao] Jinan Univ, Res Ctr Harmful Algae & Aquat Environm, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Rabalais, Nancy] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Raine, Robin] Natl Univ Ireland, Martin Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Seitzinger, Sybil] State Univ New Jersey, NOAA CMER, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Solomon, Caroline] Gallaudet Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Usup, Gires] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Sci & Technol, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. [Wilson, Joanne] Nature Conservancy, Coral Triangle Ctr, Sanur 80228, Bali, Indonesia. [Zhou, Mingjiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Mingyuan] First Inst Oceanog, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. RP Glibert, PM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, POB 775, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM glibert@hpl.umces.edu; rhodaazanza@yahoo.com; m.burford@griffith.edu.au; furuya@fs.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp; e.abal@uq.edu.au; adnazri@squ.edu.om; fyamani@safat.kisr.edu.kw; pea@orbicon.dk; danderson@whoi.edu; john.beardall@sci.monash.edu.au; mineberg@stanford.edu; lbrand@rsmas.miami.edu; bronk@vims.edu; justin.brookes@adelaide.edu.au; jburk@ncsu.edu; Allan.Cembella@awi.de; cochlan@sfsu.edu; jcollier@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; Yves.Collos@univ-montp2.fr; diaz@vims.edu; Martina.Doblin@uts.edu.au; drennen@hws.edu; sdyhrman@whoi.edu; ufukuyo@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; m.furnas@aims.gov.au; jng@virginia.edu; edna.graneli@hik.se; tmmp_vno-cean@ng.vnn.vn; Hallegraeff@utas.ed; harrisoj@vancouver.wsu.edu; harrison@ust.hk; Cindy.Heil@MyFWC.com; rsten.Heimann@jcu.edu.au; rwh2@cornell.edu; cjauzein@univ-montp2.fr; austin.kana@hws.edu; kana@hpi.umces.edu; hgkim7592@yahoo.com.kr; kudela@ucsc.edu; catherine.legrand@hik.se; mallinm@uncw.edu; mmulholl@odu.edu; smurray@bio.usyd.edu.au; joneil@hpl.umces.edu; Gpitcher@deat.gov.za; tql@jnu.edu.cn; nrabalais@lumcon.edu; robin.raine@nuigalway.ie; sybil@marine.rutgers.edu; paulo.salomon@hik.se; caroline.solomon@gallaudet.edu; stoecker@hpl.umces.edu; giresusup@yahoo.com; jowilson67@gmail.com; k.yin@griffith.edu.au; mjzhou@ms.qdio.ac.cm; zhumingyuan@fio.org.cn RI Heimann, Kirsten/N-1512-2013; Galloway, James/C-2769-2013; Doblin, Martina/E-8719-2013; stoecker, diane/F-9341-2013; glibert, patricia/G-1026-2013; Brookes, Justin/G-4270-2013; Burford, Michele/A-3138-2012; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf/C-8351-2013; Graneli, Edna/F-5936-2015; Murray, Shauna/K-5781-2015; Yin, Kedong/B-9773-2009; Mulholland, Margaret/E-8480-2011; Harrison, John/F-2280-2011; Heimann, Kirsten/C-4539-2012 OI Heimann, Kirsten/0000-0003-2691-9659; Jauzein, Cecile/0000-0001-6291-6821; Beardall, John/0000-0001-7684-446X; Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698; Doblin, Martina/0000-0001-8750-3433; glibert, patricia/0000-0001-5690-1674; Burford, Michele/0000-0002-1076-6144; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf/0000-0001-8464-7343; Murray, Shauna/0000-0001-7096-1307; Yin, Kedong/0000-0002-4008-4267; Mulholland, Margaret/0000-0001-8819-189X; FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES012742] NR 87 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1049 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322LU UT WOS:000257377400014 PM 18439628 ER PT J AU Stavros, HCW Bonde, RK Fair, PA AF Stavros, Hui-Chen W. Bonde, Robert K. Fair, Patricia A. TI Concentrations of trace elements in blood and skin of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; CHEMICAL-ELEMENTS; MARINE MAMMALS; CETACEANS; CONTAMINANTS; ALUMINUM; HABITS; RATES; COAST C1 [Stavros, Hui-Chen W.; Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Re, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Stavros, HCW (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Re, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM huichen.stavros@noaa.gov OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1225 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.035 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322LU UT WOS:000257377400035 PM 18468646 ER PT J AU Kacker, RN Forbes, A Kessel, R Sommer, KD AF Kacker, Raghu N. Forbes, Alistair Kessel, Ruediger Sommer, Klaus-Dieter TI Classical and Bayesian interpretation of the Birge test of consistency and its generalized version for correlated results from interlaboratory evaluations SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB A well-known test of consistency in the results from an interlaboratory evaluation is the Birge test, named after its developer Raymond T Birge, a physicist. We show that the Birge test of consistency may be interpreted as a classical test of the null hypothesis that the variances of the results are less than or equal to their stated values against the alternative hypothesis that the variances of the results are greater than their stated values. A modern protocol for hypothesis testing is to calculate the classical p-value of the test statistic. The p-value is the maximum probability under the null hypothesis of realizing in conceptual replications a value of the test statistic equal to or larger than the realized (observed) value of the test statistic. The null hypothesis is rejected when the p-value is too small. We show that, interestingly, the classical p-value of the Birge test statistic is equal to the Bayesian posterior probability of the null hypothesis based on suitably chosen non-informative improper prior distributions for the unknown statistical parameters. Thus the Birge test may be interpreted also as a Bayesian test of the null hypothesis. The Birge test of consistency was developed for those interlaboratory evaluations where the results are uncorrelated. We present a general test of consistency for both correlated and uncorrelated results. Then we show that the classical p-value of the general test statistic is equal to the Bayesian posterior probability of the null hypothesis based on non-informative prior distributions. The general test makes it possible to check the consistency of correlated results from interlaboratory evaluations. The Birge test is a special case of the general test. C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kessel, Ruediger] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forbes, Alistair] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Sommer, Klaus-Dieter] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/3/001 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 309IZ UT WOS:000256455200002 ER PT J AU Lipe, TE Kinard, JR Tang, YH Benz, SP Burroughs, CJ Dresselhaus, PD AF Lipe, Thomas E. Kinard, Joseph R. Tang, Yi-Hua Benz, Samuel P. Burroughs, Charles J. Dresselhaus, Paul D. TI Thermal voltage converter calibrations using a quantum ac standard SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID DC TRANSFER AB We report on the first-ever use of a quantum ac source to calibrate a thermal transfer standard as part of the NIST calibration service for such devices, with reductions in calibration uncertainty of as much as an order of magnitude over traditional ac-dc transfer methods. We briefly describe the basic quantum ac calibration system, its operation and measurement results. An analysis of the uncertainties for the measurements is presented and plans for further development are described. C1 [Lipe, Thomas E.; Kinard, Joseph R.; Tang, Yi-Hua] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Benz, Samuel P.; Burroughs, Charles J.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lipe, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/3/003 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 309IZ UT WOS:000256455200004 ER PT J AU Muralikrishnan, B Stone, JA Stoup, JR AF Muralikrishnan, B. Stone, J. A. Stoup, J. R. TI Area measurement of knife-edge and cylindrical apertures using ultra-low force contact fibre probe on a CMM SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ACCURACY; RADIOMETRIC APERTURES; OPTICAL METHOD; NIST AB Several radiometric and photometric measurements depend on high accuracy area measurement of precision apertures. Some apertures have sharp edges and are generally measured optically. At the Precision Engineering Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we have developed a contact fibre (fiber) probe for diameter and form measurement of micro-holes (holes of size 100 mu m or larger). This probe exerts extremely small forces, under 5 mu N, and can therefore be used on knife-edge apertures without causing edge damage. We have measured the diameter and roundness of three knife-edge and one cylindrical apertures with this probe. The uncertainty in diameter ranges from 0.06 mu m (k = 1) to 0.17 mu m (k = 1). The uncertainty contributions from the probing system and machine positioning are together only 35 nm (k = 1). The largest contributors to the diameter uncertainty are the overall form (sampling uncertainty) and surface finish (mechanical filtering due to finite probe size) of the aperture. C1 [Muralikrishnan, B.; Stone, J. A.; Stoup, J. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/3/004 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 309IZ UT WOS:000256455200005 ER PT J AU Keller, MW Piquemal, F Feltin, N Steck, B Devoille, L AF Keller, Mark W. Piquemal, Francois Feltin, Nicolas Steck, Barthelemy Devoille, Laurent TI Metrology triangle using a Watt balance, a calculable capacitor and a single-electron tunnelling device SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID COUNTING ELECTRONS; JOSEPHSON; STANDARDS; CONSTANT AB The combination of a Watt balance, a calculable capacitor and a single-electron tunnelling device forms a triangle that yields a value for the single-electron charge quantum Q(S) in terms of the SI coulomb. Importantly, this result is independent of the Josephson and quantum Hall effects, and thus avoids the possible confounding corrections from these two effects that arise in the traditional quantum metrology triangle. This new triangle can be used to test for corrections to the expected relation Q(S) = e, where e is the elementary charge. Combining existing results for Watt balances, calculable capacitors and an electron counting capacitance standard yields (Q(S)/e) - 1 = (-0.09 +/- 0.92) x 10(-6). C1 [Keller, Mark W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Piquemal, Francois; Feltin, Nicolas; Steck, Barthelemy; Devoille, Laurent] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais LNE, F-78197 Trappes, France. RP Keller, MW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mark.keller@boulder.nist.gov; francois.piquemal@lne.fr NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 330 EP 334 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/3/010 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 309IZ UT WOS:000256455200011 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Zhang, JZ AF Huang, Xiao-Lan Zhang, Jia-Zhong TI Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of submicromolar orthophosphate by molybdate reduction SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE orthophosphate; kinetic; molybdate reduction; spectrophotometry; arsenate; silicate; initial rate ID PHOSPHOANTIMONYLMOLYBDENUM BLUE COMPLEX; LIQUID WAVE-GUIDE; NATURAL-WATERS; COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION; NANOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS; PHOSPHOMOLYBDIC ACID; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FLOW-INJECTION; PHOSPHATE; PHOSPHORUS AB A kinetic spectrophotometric procedure was developed for determination of submicromolar orthophosphate based on the reaction in which orthophosphate serves as a catalyst in the reduction of molybdenum, and the initial rate of molybdenum-blue formation (lambda(max) = 780 nm) is proportional to the concentration of orthophosphate in the samples. The detection limit (3 x standard deviation of blank, n = 8) was 6 nM and the linear calibration ranged from 10 to 100 nM (r(2) = 0.997). The precisions of this method were 3.3% at 10 nM and 5.4% at 50 nM (n = 8), respectively. Similar to other molybdate based methods, silica and arsenate in the samples can interfere with phosphate determination. The responses of silicate and arsenate were about 25% and 7% of that of orthophosphate, respectively, and their interferences were enhanced in the presence of phosphate in the samples due to the synergistic effect of phosphate with arsenate or silicate on the molybdate reagent. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Xiao-Lan; Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Huang, Xiao-Lan] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xiaolan.huang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Huang, XiaoLan/G-6306-2012; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/E-9159-2010 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/0000-0002-3330-4858 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 58 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.microc.2007.12.001 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 304MD UT WOS:000256112700010 ER PT J AU Cui, QF Zha, XF Liu, CL Lu, WF AF Cui, Qifeng Zha, Xuan F. Liu, Chengliang Lu, Wen F. TI A UML-based object-oriented approach for design and simulation of a drug delivery system SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MICROPUMP; BIOMEMS; DEVICES; MEMS AB Given complexity of the design and manufacturing processes of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) products, we present a unified modeling language (UML) based design approach for multi-domain products or systems like MEMS to designing and evaluating possible solutions at the early design stage to shorten their development time. Specifically, the proposed approach is used to model and analyze a novel drug delivery system combining MEMS devices and integrated circuit (IQ units. This drug delivery system aims to be used for safer and more effective therapy of the diabetics. Two design models about the whole drug delivery system and its micropump subsystem are established using UML diagrams; in particular a composition diagram with components and ports describes the topology of the system. Through design and simulation on the micropump subsystem, it is found that the variations of geometrical dimension and excitation voltage affect the characterization of the micropump. The simulation results demonstrate and validate the proposed approach, and can be used as a significant reference for the designer to design the optimal micropump. C1 [Cui, Qifeng; Zha, Xuan F.; Liu, Chengliang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Zha, Xuan F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zha, Xuan F.] Univ Maryland Coll Pk, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, Wen F.] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Design Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Singapore 638075, Singapore. RP Liu, CL (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Dongchuan Rd 800, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM qf-cui@hotmail.com; xfzha@ieee.org; chlliu@sjtu.edu.cn NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 855 EP 869 DI 10.1007/s00542-008-0616-1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 303FO UT WOS:000256026600019 ER PT J AU Fogarty, M Incze, L Hayhoe, K Mountain, D Manning, J AF Fogarty, Michael Incze, Lewis Hayhoe, Katherine Mountain, David Manning, James TI Potential climate change impacts on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off the northeastern USA SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Climate change impacts; Gulf of Maine; Cod; Bottom water temperatures AB We examined the potential impacts of future climate change on the distribution and production of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on the northeastern USA's continental shelf. We began by examining the response of cod to bottom water temperature changes observed over the past four decades using fishery-independent resource survey data. After accounting for the overall decline in cod during this period, we show that the probability of catching cod at specified locations decreased markedly with increasing bottom temperature. Our analysis of future changes in water temperature was based on output from three coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models under high and low CO2 emissions. An increase of <1.5 degrees C is predicted for all sectors under the low emission scenario in spring and autumn by the end of this century. Under the high emission scenario, temperature increases range from similar to 2 degrees C in the north to >3.5 degrees C in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Under these conditions, cod appear vulnerable to a loss of thermal habitat on Georges Bank, with a substantial loss of thermal habitat farther south. We also examined temperature effects on cod recruitment and growth in one stock area, the Gulf of Maine, to explore potential implications for yield and resilience to fishing. Cod survival during the early life stages declined with increasing water temperatures, offsetting potential increases in growth with warmer temperatures and resulting in a predicted loss in yield and increased vulnerability to high fishing mortality rates. Substantial differential impacts under the low versus high emission scenarios are evident for cod off the northeastern USA. C1 [Fogarty, Michael; Mountain, David; Manning, James] NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Incze, Lewis] Univ So Maine, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Hayhoe, Katherine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Fogarty, M (reprint author), NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Michael.Fogarty@noaa.gov FU Union of Concerned Scientists; Census of Marine Life FX We thank Nick Wolff, Michelle Traver and Loretta O'Brien for data and analyses and Adrienne Adamek for GIS support. The support and encouragement of Erika Spanger-Siegfried, the Union of Concerned Scientists, and the Census of Marine Life are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 EI 1573-1596 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 453 EP 466 DI 10.1007/s11027-007-9131-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V17XM UT WOS:000207969900004 ER PT J AU Kunkel, KE Huang, HC Liang, XZ Lin, JT Wuebbles, D Tao, Z Williams, A Caughey, M Zhu, J Hayhoe, K AF Kunkel, K. E. Huang, H. -C. Liang, X. -Z. Lin, J. -T. Wuebbles, D. Tao, Z. Williams, A. Caughey, M. Zhu, J. Hayhoe, K. TI Sensitivity of future ozone concentrations in the northeast USA to regional climate change SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Northeast USA; Regional; Air quality; Ozone; Climate change ID UNITED-STATES; PART I; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; FORMULATION; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; IMPACT AB An air quality modeling system was used to simulate the effects on ozone concentration in the northeast USA from climate changes projected through the end of the twenty-first century by the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR's) parallel climate model, a fully coupled general circulation model, under a higher and a lower scenario of future global changes in concentrations of radiatively active constituents. The air quality calculations were done with both a global chemistry-transport model and a regional air quality model focused on the northeast USA. The air quality simulations assumed no changes in regional anthropogenic emissions of the chemical species primarily involved in the chemical reactions of ozone creation and destruction, but only accounted for changes in the climate. Together, these idealized global and regional model simulations provide insights into the contribution of possible future climate changes on ozone. Over the coming century, summer climate is projected to be warmer and less cloudy for the northeast USA. These changes are considerably larger under the higher scenario as compared with the lower. Higher temperatures also increase biogenic emissions. Bothmean daily and 8-h maximum ozone increase from the combination of three factors that tend to favor higher concentrations: (1) higher temperatures change the rates of reactions and photolysis rates important to the ozone chemistry; (2) lower cloudiness (higher solar radiation) increases the photolysis reaction rates; and (3) higher biogenic emissions increase the concentration of reactive species. Regional model simulations with two cumulus parameterizations produce ozone concentration changes that differ by approximately 10%, indicating that there is considerable uncertainty in the magnitude of changes due to uncertainties in how physical processes should be parameterized in the models. However, the overall effect of the climate changes simulated by these models - in the absence of reductions in regional anthropogenic emissions would be to increase ozone concentrations. C1 [Kunkel, K. E.] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Kunkel, K. E.; Liang, X. -Z.; Tao, Z.; Williams, A.; Caughey, M.; Zhu, J.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Illinois Dept Nat Resources, Champaign, IL USA. [Huang, H. -C.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Lin, J. -T.; Wuebbles, D.; Hayhoe, K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Hayhoe, K.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM kkunkel@uiuc.edu RI Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Tao, Zhining/E-1432-2012; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; Tao, Zhining/0000-0003-0608-712X; Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPA RD-83096301-0] FX We thank the National Center for Atmospheric Research for providing data to drive the global and regional models. We acknowledge the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Forecast Systems Laboratory and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for the supercomputing support. The research was partially supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency award EPA RD-83096301-0. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies or organizations involved, including the Illinois State Water Survey. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1007/s11027-007-9137-y PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V17XM UT WOS:000207969900011 ER PT J AU Cucurull, L Derber, JC Treadon, R Purser, RJ AF Cucurull, L. Derber, J. C. Treadon, R. Purser, R. J. TI Preliminary impact studies using global positioning system radio occultation profiles at NCEP SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; INVERSION; FORECASTS; SIGNALS AB Following the successful launch of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) satellites in April 2006, NCEP's Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) is planning to use the COSMIC data in its next-generation Global Data Assimilation System. In preparation for the assimilation of GPS radio occultation (RO) data from COSMIC and other missions, NCEP/EMC has developed the infrastructure necessary to use profiles of refractivity and bending angle in an operational framework. In both forward operators, horizontal gradients of refractivity have been neglected and each operator has been tuned with its corresponding quality control checks and error characterization. In this paper, the benefits of the assimilation of profiles of GPS RO on top of the current observations being regularly used in operations are analyzed. In addition, differences between the assimilation of bending angle and refractivity are discussed. To avoid unrealistic increments within the higher model layers, experiments not using GPS RO observations above 30 km are also performed. This stratospheric data assimilation problem was present in earlier experiments with GPS RO data at NCEP/EMC and impacted the forecast in the lower-atmospheric levels as well as the stratosphere. Some characteristics of the assimilation of profiles of bending angle are also discussed. Data from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite are available in non-real time at NOAA and have been used to perform the experiments examined herein. C1 [Cucurull, L.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Washington, DC USA. [Cucurull, L.] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Derber, J. C.; Treadon, R.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Purser, R. J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Cucurull, L (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, W NP2,5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM lidia.cucurull@noaa.gov RI Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1865 EP 1877 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2260.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300003 ER PT J AU Moore, RW Montgomery, MT Davies, HC AF Moore, Richard W. Montgomery, Michael T. Davies, Huw C. TI The integral role of a diabatic Rossby vortex in a heavy snowfall event SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID QE-II STORM; MOIST BAROCLINIC ATMOSPHERE; LAGRANGIAN-BASED ANALYSIS; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; NUMERICAL PREDICTION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; NORTH-AMERICA; CYCLONE; MODEL AB On 24-25 February 2005, a significant East Coast cyclone deposited from 4 to nearly 12 in. (similar to 10-30 cm) of snow on parts of the northeastern United States. The heaviest snowfall and most rapid deepening of the cyclone coincided with the favorable positioning of an upper-level, short-wave trough immediately upstream of a preexisting surface cyclone. The surface cyclone in question formed approximately 15 h before the heaviest snowfall along a coastal front in a region of frontogenesis and heavy precipitation. The incipient surface cyclone subsequently intensified as it moved to the northeast, consistently generating the strongest convection to the east-northeast of the low-level circulation center. The use of potential vorticity (PV) inversion techniques and a suite of mesoscale model simulations illustrates that the early intensification of the incipient surface cyclone was primarily driven by diabatic effects and was not critically dependent on the upper-level wave. These facts, taken in conjunction with the observed structure, energetics, and Lagrangian evolution of the incipient surface disturbance, identify it as a diabatic Rossby vortex (DRV). The antecedent surface vorticity spinup associated with the DRV phase of development is found to be integral to the subsequent rapid growth. The qualitative similarity with a number of observed cases of explosive cyclogenesis leaves open the possibility that a DRV-like feature comprises the preexisting positive low-level PV anomaly in a number of cyclogenetic events that exhibit a two-stage evolution. C1 [Moore, Richard W.; Davies, Huw C.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Moore, RW (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM richard.moore@env.ethz.ch NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1878 EP 1897 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2257.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300004 ER PT J AU Davis, C Wang, W Chen, SS Chen, YS Corbosiero, K DeMaria, M Dudhia, J Holland, G Klemp, J Michalakes, J Reeves, H Rotunno, R Snyder, C Xiao, QN AF Davis, Christopher Wang, Wei Chen, Shuyi S. Chen, Yongsheng Corbosiero, Kristen DeMaria, Mark Dudhia, Jimy Holland, Greg Klemp, Joe Michalakes, John Reeves, Heather Rotunno, Richard Snyder, Chris Xiao, Qingnong TI Prediction of landfalling hurricanes with the Advanced Hurricane WRF model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; PART I; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; BONNIE 1998; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; POLYGONAL EYE; SENSITIVITY; EVOLUTION; RANGE; OCEAN AB Real-time forecasts of five landfalling Atlantic hurricanes during 2005 using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) (ARW) Model at grid spacings of 12 and 4 km revealed performance generally competitive with, and occasionally superior to, other operational forecasts for storm position and intensity. Recurring errors include 1) excessive intensification prior to landfall, 2) insufficient momentum exchange with the surface, and 3) inability to capture rapid intensification when observed. To address these errors several augmentations of the basic community model have been designed and tested as part of what is termed the Advanced Hurricane WRF (AHW) model. Based on sensitivity simulations of Katrina, the inner-core structure, particularly the size of the eye, was found to be sensitive to model resolution and surface momentum exchange. The forecast of rapid intensification and the structure of convective bands in Katrina were not significantly improved until the grid spacing approached 1 km. Coupling the atmospheric model to a columnar, mixed layer ocean model eliminated much of the erroneous intensification of Katrina prior to landfall noted in the real-time forecast. C1 [Davis, Christopher; Wang, Wei; Chen, Yongsheng; Dudhia, Jimy; Holland, Greg; Klemp, Joe; Michalakes, John; Rotunno, Richard; Snyder, Chris; Xiao, Qingnong] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chen, Shuyi S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Corbosiero, Kristen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [DeMaria, Mark] NOAA NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Reeves, Heather] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Davis, C (reprint author), POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM cdavis@ucar.edu RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; NR 50 TC 175 Z9 179 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1990 EP 2005 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2085.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300010 ER PT J AU Bell, MM Montgomery, MT AF Bell, Michael M. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Observed structure, evolution, and potential intensity of category 5 Hurricane Isabel (2003) from 12 to 14 September SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; RAPIDLY ROTATING VORTICES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PART I; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; INNER-CORE; SIMULATED HURRICANE; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; TURBULENT FLUXES AB Unprecedented observations of Hurricane Isabel (2003) at category 5 intensity were collected from 12 to 14 September. This study presents a detailed analysis of the inner-core structure, atmospheric boundary layer, sea surface temperature, and outflow layer of a superintense tropical cyclone using high-resolution in situ flight-level, NCAR GPS dropwindsonde, Doppler radar, and satellite measurements. The analysis of the dropwindsonde and in situ data includes a comprehensive discussion of the uncertainties associated with this observational dataset and provides an estimate of the storm-relative axisymmetric inner-core structure using Barnes objective analysis. An assessment of gradient and thermal wind balance in the inner core is also presented. The axisymmetric data composites presented in this study suggest that Isabel built a reservoir of high moist entropy air by sea-to-air latent heat flux inside the low-level eye that was utilized as an additional energy source to nearly maintain its extreme intensity even after crossing the cool wake of Hurricane Fabian. It is argued here that the combined mean and asymmetric eddy flux of high moist entropy air from the low-level eye into the eyewall represents an additional power source or "turbo boost" to the hurricane heat engine. Recent estimates of the ratio of sea-to-air enthalpy and momentum exchange at high wind speeds are used to suggest that Isabel utilized this extra power to exceed the previously assumed intensity upper bound for the given environmental conditions on all three days. This discrepancy between a priori potential intensity theory and observations may be as high as 35 m s(-1) on 13 September. C1 [Bell, Michael M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bell, Michael M.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Bell, MM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mbell@ucar.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X NR 74 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 2023 EP 2046 DI 10.1175/2007MWR1858.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300012 ER PT J AU Yussouf, N Stensrud, DJ AF Yussouf, Nusrat Stensrud, David J. TI Reliable probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts from a short-range ensemble forecasting system during the 2005/06 cool season SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; WARM-SEASON; MESOSCALE; NMC AB A simple binning technique developed to produce reliable probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) from a multimodel short-range ensemble forecasting system is evaluated during the cool season of 2005/06. The technique uses forecasts and observations of 3-h accumulated precipitation amounts from the past 12 days to adjust the present day's 3-h quantitative precipitation forecasts from each ensemble member for each 3-h forecast period. Results indicate that the PQPFs obtained from this simple binning technique are significantly more reliable than the raw (original) ensemble forecast probabilities. Brier skill scores and areas under the relative operating characteristic curve also reveal that this technique yields skillful probabilistic forecasts of rainfall amounts during the cool season. This holds true for accumulation periods of up to 48 h. The results obtained from this wintertime experiment parallel those obtained during the summer of 2004. In an attempt to reduce the effects of a small sample size on two-dimensional probability maps, the simple binning technique is modified by implementing 5- and 9-point smoothing schemes on the adjusted precipitation forecasts. Results indicate that the smoothed ensemble probabilities remain an improvement over the raw (original) ensemble forecast probabilities, although the smoothed probabilities are not as reliable as the unsmoothed adjusted probabilities. The skill of the PQPFs also is increased as the ensemble is expanded from 16 to 22 members during the period of study. These results reveal that simple postprocessing techniques have the potential to provide greatly improved probabilistic guidance of rainfall events for all seasons of the year. C1 [Yussouf, Nusrat] Natl Weather Ctr, NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yussouf, Nusrat] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Yussouf, N (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nusrat.yussouf@noaa.gov OI Yussouf, Nusrat/0000-0003-4998-1770 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 2157 EP 2172 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2314.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300020 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Zhang, GF Xue, M AF Jung, Youngsun Zhang, Guifu Xue, Ming TI Assimilation of simulated polarimetric radar data for a convective storm using the ensemble Kalman filter. Part I: Observation operators for reflectivity and polarimetric variables SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; PRECIPITATION PARTICLES; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; DISTRIBUTION RETRIEVAL; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; RAINFALL ESTIMATION AB A radar simulator for polarimetric radar variables, including reflectivities at horizontal and vertical polarizations, the differential reflectivity, and the specific differential phase, has been developed. This simulator serves as a test bed for developing and testing forward observation operators of polarimetric radar variables that are needed when directly assimilating these variables into storm-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, using either variational or ensemble-based assimilation methods. The simulator takes as input the results of high-resolution NWP model simulations with ice microphysics and produces simulated polarimetric radar data that may also contain simulated errors. It is developed based on calculations of electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering at the S band of wavelength 10.7 cm in a hydrometeor-containing atmosphere. The T-matrix method is used for the scattering calculation of raindrops and the Rayleigh scattering approximation is applied to snow and hail particles. The polarimetric variables are expressed as functions of the hydrometeor mixing ratios as well as their corresponding drop size distribution parameters and densities. The presence of wet snow and wet hail in the melting layer is accounted for by using a new, relatively simple melting Model that defines the water fraction in the melting snow or hail. The effect of varying density due to the melting snow or hail is also included. Vertical cross sections and profiles of the polarimetric variables for a simulated mature multicellular squall-line system and a supercell storm show that polarimetric signatures of the bright band in the stratiform region and those associated with deep convection are well captured by the simulator. C1 [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Jung, Youngsun; Zhang, Guifu; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014; Jung, Youngsun/O-6227-2016 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Jung, Youngsun/0000-0003-2265-9837 NR 61 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 2228 EP 2245 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2083.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300025 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Xue, M Zhang, GF Straka, JM AF Jung, Youngsun Xue, Ming Zhang, Guifu Straka, Jerry M. TI Assimilation of simulated polarimetric radar data for a convective storm using the ensemble Kalman filter. Part II: Impact of polarimetric data on storm analysis SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; POLARIZATION RADAR; SCHEME; MODEL; STATE AB A data assimilation system based on the ensemble square-root Kalman filter (EnSRF) is extended to include the additional capability of assimilating polarimetric radar variables. It is used to assess the impact of assimilating additional polarimetric observations on convective storm analysis in the Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) framework. The polarimetric variables considered include differential reflectivity Z(DR), reflectivity difference Z(dp), and specific differential phase K-DP T simulate the observational data more realistically, a new error model is introduced for characterizing the errors of the nonpolarimetric and polarimetric radar variables. The error model includes both correlated and uncorrelated error components for reflectivities at horizontal and vertical polarizations (Z(H) and Z(V), respectively). It is shown that the storm analysis is improved when polarimetric variables are assimilated in addition to Z(H) or in addition to both Z(H) and radial velocity V-r Positive impact is largest when Z(DR), Z(dp), and K-DP are assimilated all together. Improvement is generally larger in vertical velocity, water vapor, and rainwater mixing ratios. The rainwater field benefits the most while the impacts on horizontal wind components and snow mixing ratio are smaller. Improvement is found at all model levels even though the polarimetric data, after the application of thresholds, are mostly limited to the lower levels. Among Z(DR), Z(dP), and K-DP, Z(DR) is found to produce the largest positive impact on the analysis. It is suggested that ZDR provides more independent information than the other variables. The impact of polarimetric data is also expected to be larger when they are used to retrieve drop size distribution parameters. The polarimetric radar data thresholding Prior to assimilation is found to be necessary to minimize the impact of noise. This study is believed to be the first to directly assimilate (simulated) polarimetric data into a numerical model. C1 [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Jung, Youngsun; Xue, Ming; Zhang, Guifu; Straka, Jerry M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Suite 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014; Jung, Youngsun/O-6227-2016 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Jung, Youngsun/0000-0003-2265-9837 NR 35 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 2246 EP 2260 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2288.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300026 ER PT J AU Knutson, TR Sirutis, JJ Garner, ST Vecchi, GA Held, IM AF Knutson, Thomas R. Sirutis, Joseph J. Garner, Stephen T. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Held, Isaac M. TI Simulated reduction in Atlantic hurricane frequency under twenty-first-century warming conditions SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; INTENSITY; CLIMATE; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; ENVIRONMENT; IMPACT AB Increasing sea surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and measures of Atlantic hurricane activity have been reported to be strongly correlated since at least 1950 (refs 1-5), raising concerns that future greenhouse-gas-induced warming(6) could lead to pronounced increases in hurricane activity. Models that explicitly simulate hurricanes are needed to study the influence of warming ocean temperatures on Atlantic hurricane activity, complementing empirical approaches. Our regional climate model of the Atlantic basin reproduces the observed rise in hurricane counts between 1980 and 2006, along with much of the interannual variability, when forced with observed sea surface temperatures and atmospheric conditions(7). Here we assess, in our model system(7), the changes in large-scale climate that are projected to occur by the end of the twenty-first century by an ensemble of global climate models(8), and find that Atlantic hurricane and tropical storm frequencies are reduced. At the same time, near-storm rainfall rates increase substantially. Our results do not support the notion of large increasing trends in either tropical storm or hurricane frequency driven by increases in atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations. C1 [Knutson, Thomas R.; Sirutis, Joseph J.; Garner, Stephen T.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Tom.Knutson@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X NR 25 TC 183 Z9 187 U1 5 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 6 BP 359 EP 364 DI 10.1038/ngeo202 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309BC UT WOS:000256433700011 ER PT J AU Kuang, X Green, MA Niu, H Zajdel, P Dickinson, C Claridge, JB Jantsky, L Rosseinsky, MJ AF Kuang, Xiaojun Green, Mark A. Niu, Hongjun Zajdel, Pawel Dickinson, Calum Claridge, John B. Jantsky, Laurent Rosseinsky, Matthew J. TI Interstitial oxide ion conductivity in the layered tetrahedral network melilite structure SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SOLID-SOLUTION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; MODULATED STRUCTURE; APATITE; OXYGEN; SILICATES; CONDUCTORS; CERAMICS; ELECTROLYTES AB High-conductivity oxide ion electrolytes are needed to reduce the operating temperature of solid-oxide fuel cells. Oxide mobility in solids is associated with defects. Although anion vacancies are the charge carriers in most cases, excess (interstitial) oxide anions give high conductivities in isolated polyhedral anion structures such as the apatites. The development of new families of interstitial oxide conductors with less restrictive structural constraints requires an understanding of the mechanisms enabling both incorporation and mobility of the excess oxide. Here, we show how the two-dimensionally connected tetrahedral gallium oxide network in the melilite structure La1.54Sr0.46Ga3O7.27 stabilizes oxygen interstitials by local relaxation around them, affording an oxide ion conductivity of 0.02-0.1 S cm(-1) over the 600 - 900 degrees C temperature range. Polyhedral frameworks with central elements exhibiting variable coordination number can have the flexibility needed to accommodate mobile interstitial oxide ions if non-bridging oxides are present to favour cooperative network distortions. C1 [Kuang, Xiaojun; Niu, Hongjun; Dickinson, Calum; Claridge, John B.; Jantsky, Laurent; Rosseinsky, Matthew J.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England. [Green, Mark A.; Zajdel, Pawel] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zajdel, Pawel] UCL, Dept Chem, London W1X 0AJ, England. RP Rosseinsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England. EM rossein@liv.ac.uk RI Jantsky, Laurent/G-5169-2012; Claridge, John/I-7395-2012; Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013; Kuang, Xiaojun/K-4129-2013 OI Claridge, John/0000-0003-4849-6714; Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866; NR 49 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 10 U2 97 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 6 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1038/nmat2201 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 304LE UT WOS:000256110200025 PM 18488032 ER PT J AU Holbrook, RD Murphy, KE Morrow, JB Cole, KD AF Holbrook, R. David Murphy, Karen E. Morrow, Jayne B. Cole, Ken D. TI Trophic transfer of nanoparticles in a simplified invertebrate food web SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; TRACE-METALS; NANOMATERIALS; ROTIFERS; MODEL; ACCUMULATION; CONTAMINANTS; ZOOPLANKTON; BACTERIA; CILIATE AB The unique chemical and physical properties of engineered nanomaterials(1) that make them attractive for numerous applications also contribute to their unexpected behaviour in the environment and biological systems(2). The potential environmental risks, including their impact on aquatic organisms, have been a central argument for regulating the growth of the nanotechnology sector(3). Here we show in a simplified food web that carboxylated and biotinylated quantum dots can be transferred to higher trophic organisms (rotifers) through dietary uptake of ciliated protozoans. Quantum dot accumulation from the surrounding environment (bioconcentration) was limited in the ciliates and no quantum dot enrichment (biomagnification) was observed in the rotifers. Our findings indicate that dietary uptake of nanomaterials should be considered for higher trophic aquatic organisms. However, limited bioconcentration and lack of biomagnification may impede the detection of nanomaterials in invertebrate species. C1 [Holbrook, R. David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20901 USA. [Murphy, Karen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20901 USA. [Morrow, Jayne B.; Cole, Ken D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20901 USA. RP Holbrook, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20901 USA. EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov NR 27 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 73 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 6 BP 352 EP 355 DI 10.1038/nnano.2008.110 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 311PQ UT WOS:000256612500016 PM 18654546 ER PT J AU Schibli, TR Hartl, I Yost, DC Martin, MJ Marcinkevicius, A Fermann, ME Ye, J AF Schibli, T. R. Hartl, I. Yost, D. C. Martin, M. J. Marcinkevicius, A. Fermann, M. E. Ye, J. TI Optical frequency comb with submillihertz linewidth and more than 10 W average power SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE-OFFSET FREQUENCY; FIBER LASER SYSTEM; METROLOGY; PULSES; CAVITY; STABILIZATION; ULTRAVIOLET; GENERATION; NOISE AB Growing demands for high average and peak powers in extreme nonlinear optics(1), attosecond-pulse(2,3) and extreme ultraviolet comb generation experiments(4,5) can find a powerful solution in fibre-based mode-locked lasers. Using passive enhancement cavities(6), fibre lasers have produced high-repetition-rate femtosecond pulse trains with multikilowatt average powers and peak powers reaching hundreds of megawatts(7). One major challenge for novel high-resolution spectroscopy and precision measurement in suboptical wavelength regions(8-10) is to transfer the state-of-the-art optical phase coherence into the extreme ultraviolet domain through the extreme nonlinear optics enabled by these high-power systems. We demonstrate here that optical frequency combs produced by high-power fibre lasers reach unprecedented levels of performance in both precision and average power. We achieve a record low relative linewidth of < 1 mHz between a traditional Ti:sapphire frequency comb and a novel 10 W average power fibre comb, at the same time demonstrating all the necessary elements for power scaling precision comb technology to beyond 10 kW. C1 [Schibli, T. R.; Yost, D. C.; Martin, M. J.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.; Yost, D. C.; Martin, M. J.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hartl, I.; Marcinkevicius, A.; Fermann, M. E.] IMRA Amer, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Schibli, TR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM t.schibli@osa.org RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 30 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 7 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JUN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 6 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2008.79 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 315LP UT WOS:000256881800012 ER PT J AU Link, JS Sosebee, K AF Link, Jason S. Sosebee, Katherine TI Estimates and implications of skate consumption in the northeast US Continental Shelf ecosystem SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GEORGES-BANK; STOMACH CONTENTS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; PREDATION MORTALITY; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; FISH; RATES; COMMUNITY AB Skates (Rajidae) currently comprise a prominent part of the northeast U.S. Continental Shelf fish community. As part of an effort to add ecological considerations into stock assessments, we evaluate the consumptive demand of the skate species in the northeast U.S. Continental Shelf ecosystem. Using food habits data and abundance indices from bottom trawl surveys, we calculate the per capita consumption, total scaled (by population size) consumption, and total consumptive removals of select prey by seven species of skates. We also sum these estimates for all seven skates and compare this consumptive demand with broader ecosystem biomass fluxes. Our results demonstrate that estimates of skate abundance have a notable impact on total consumptive removals. Total consumption by all skates is a small biomass flux relative to the total system, yet removals of certain prey by skates can be at or exceed the magnitude of fisheries for those prey species. We discuss how future stock assessments can incorporate these simple estimates and how one might address the implications of these estimates in an ecosystem context. C1 [Link, Jason S.; Sosebee, Katherine] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 649 EP 662 DI 10.1577/M07-100.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100004 ER PT J AU Roni, P Hanson, K Beechie, T AF Roni, Phil Hanson, Karrie Beechie, Tim TI Global review of the physical and biological effectiveness of stream habitat rehabilitation techniques SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; WHOLE-RIVER FERTILIZATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; REGULATED CALIFORNIA RIVER; WINTER REARING HABITAT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DAM REMOVAL; FOREST ROADS; LONG-TERM AB The degradation of inland aquatic habitats caused by decades of human activities has led to worldwide efforts to rehabilitate freshwater habitats for fisheries and aquatic resources. We reviewed published evaluations of stream rehabilitation techniques from throughout the world, including studies on road improvement, riparian rehabilitation, floodplain connectivity and rehabilitation, instream habitat improvement, nutrient addition, and other, less-common techniques. We summarize current knowledge about the effectiveness of these techniques for improving physical habitat and water quality and increasing fish and biotic production. Despite locating 345 studies on effectiveness of stream rehabilitation, firm conclusions about many specific techniques were difficult to make because of the limited information provided on physical habitat, water quality, and biota and because of the short duration and limited scope of most published evaluations. Reconnection of isolated habitats, floodplain rehabilitation, and instream habitat improvement have, however, proven effective for improving habitat and increasing local fish abundance under many circumstances. Techniques such as riparian rehabilitation, road improvements (sediment reduction), dam removal, and restoration of natural flood regimes have shown promise for restoring natural processes that create and maintain habitats, but no long-term studies documenting their success have yet been published. Our review demonstrates that the failure of many rehabilitation projects to achieve objectives is attributable to inadequate assessment of historic conditions and factors limiting biotic production; poor understanding of watershed-scale processes that influence localized projects; and monitoring at inappropriate spatial and temporal scales. We suggest an interim approach to sequencing rehabilitation projects that partially addresses these needs through protecting high-quality habitats and restoring connectivity and watershed processes before implementing instream habitat improvement projects. C1 [Roni, Phil; Hanson, Karrie; Beechie, Tim] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Roni, P (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.roni@noaa.gov NR 316 TC 197 Z9 202 U1 27 U2 222 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 856 EP 890 DI 10.1577/M06-169.1 PG 35 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100026 ER PT J AU Beechie, T Pess, G Roni, P AF Beechie, T. Pess, G. Roni, P. TI Setting river restoration priorities: a review of approaches and a general protocol for identifying and prioritizing actions SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM; LANDSCAPE RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; HABITAT RESTORATION; STREAM RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; RECOVERY; OBJECTIVES AB Implicit in the question, "How should I prioritize restoration actions?" is often the unstated question, "What should I restore?" Distinguishing between these questions helps clarify the restoration planning process, which has four distinct steps: (1) identify the restoration goal, (2) select a project prioritization approach that is consistent with the goal, (3) use watershed assessments to identify restoration actions, and (4) prioritize the list of actions. A well-crafted restoration goal identifies the biological objective of restoration, addresses underlying causes of habitat change, and recognizes that social, economic, and land use objectives may constrain restoration options. Once restoration goals are identified, one of six general approaches can be selected for prioritizing restoration actions: project type, refugia, decision support systems, single-species analysis, multispecies analysis, and cost effectiveness. Prioritizing by project type, refugia, or a decision support system requires the least quantitative information, and each approach is relatively easy to use. Single-species, multispecies, and cost effectiveness approaches require more information and effort but often most directly address legal requirements. Watershed assessments provide most of the information used to identify and prioritize actions and should be explicitly and carefully designed to support the goals and prioritization scheme. Watershed assessments identify causes of habitat degradation, habitat losses with the greatest effect on biota and ecosystems, and local land and water uses that may limit restoration opportunities. Results of assessments are translated into suites of restoration options, and analysis of land use and economic constraints helps to evaluate the feasibility of various options. Finally, actions are prioritized based on assessment results and the selected prioritization scheme. In general, we recommend the use of simple decision support systems for cases in which watershed assessments provide incomplete information; the cost effectiveness approach is recommended for cases in which watershed assessments identify (1) restoration actions needed to restore riverine habitats, (2) biological benefits associated with each action, and (3) costs of restoration actions. C1 [Beechie, T.; Pess, G.; Roni, P.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Beechie, T (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tim.beechie@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 8 U2 76 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 891 EP 905 DI 10.1577/M06-174.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100027 ER PT J AU Liermann, M Roni, P AF Liermann, Martin Roni, Phil TI More sites or more years? Optimal study design for monitoring fish response to watershed restoration SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WINTER REARING HABITAT; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; WASHINGTON STREAMS; SMOLT ABUNDANCE; OREGON; SPP.; DISTURBANCES AB Every year in the Pacific Northwest, hundreds of stream restoration projects are implemented at great expense in the hope that they will increase salmonid abundance. Our understanding of how salmonids interact with their freshwater habitat has steadily improved, but we are still a long way from being able to reliably predict population-level effects of individual projects. To determine whether these projects are in fact increasing salmonid abundance, we will need to implement restoration at the watershed scale, monitor the populations after the freshwater portion of their life history is completed, and replicate the experiment across multiple watersheds to produce results that can be generalized. Although there has been some progress in this direction, it has largely consisted of independent efforts at a relatively small scale. In this paper, we use smolt counts of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from streams in western Washington and Oregon, along with approximate restoration and monitoring costs, to estimate the most cost-effective way of allocating monitoring effort between years and watersheds to allow detection of an average response to watershed-scale restoration. We show that it is generally preferable to spread the available effort across more watershed pairs, unless the one-time cost of adding a watershed pair is very high (e.g., when the cost of restoration is included). These results are sensitive to plausible changes in temporal and spatial variability and may change with different assumptions about response type, but they are derived using a logical, transparent process that incorporates available information. C1 [Liermann, Martin; Roni, Phil] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Liermann, M (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM martin.liermann@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 935 EP 943 DI 10.1577/M06-175.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100030 ER PT J AU Roni, P Van Slyke, D Mtller, BA Ebersole, JL Pess, G AF Roni, Phil Van Slyke, Dan Mtller, Bruce A. Ebersole, Joseph L. Pess, George TI Adult coho salmon and steelhead use of boulder weirs in southwest Oregon streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESTORATION; PLACEMENT; HABITAT AB The placement of log and boulder structures in streams is a common and often effective technique for improving juvenile salmonid rearing habitat and increasing fish densities. Less frequently examined has been the use of these structures by adult salmonids. In 2004, spawner densities and redd counts of coho, salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in seven Oregon streams were compared between 10 reach pairs: reaches with artificially placed boulder weir structures (treatment) and reaches without weirs (control). In addition, based on annual spawner survey data collected from 2001 to 2005, redd density of steelhead O. mykiss and spawner and redd densities of coho salmon were examined to assess differences among main-stem reaches with boulder weirs, main-stem reaches without weirs, and tributary reaches without weirs throughout one basin (West Fork of the Smith River [WFS]). Numbers of coho salmon spawners and peak redd counts were significantly higher (P <= 0.05) in treatment reaches than in control reaches in the first study. In contrast, no differences existed in coho salmon spawner counts or steelhead redd counts among reaches within WFS. Coho salmon redd densities differed significantly among the three reach types in WFS; redd densities in tributary reaches were higher than those in main-stem reaches either with or without boulder weirs. Both spawner density and redd density were positively correlated with percent gravel. Results from these two related studies suggest that the placement of boulder weirs in bedrock channels leads to localized increases in spawner abundance, although other factors (e.g., amount of spawning area or gravel) appear to influence coho salmon and steelhead spawner abundance, and redd construction at a watershed scale. This also suggests that gravel sources are an important factor to consider when placing boulder weirs or other instream structures designed to improve spawning habitat. C1 [Roni, Phil; Pess, George] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div,Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Van Slyke, Dan] Bur Land Management, N Bend, OR 97459 USA. [Mtller, Bruce A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. [Ebersole, Joseph L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Roni, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div,Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.roni@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 970 EP 978 DI 10.1577/M07-085.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 328EH UT WOS:000257780100033 ER PT J AU Gilliam, DM Yue, A Dewey, MS AF Gilliam, David M. Yue, Andrew Dewey, M. Scott TI The use of polyimide foils to prevent contamination from self-sputtering of Cf-252 deposits in high-accuracy fission counting SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd World Conference of the International-Nuclear-Target-Development-Society CY OCT 16-20, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Int Nucl Target Dev Soc DE polyimide; plastic foil; fission; neutron; calibration; californium; Cf-252; contamination AB It is demonstrated that a thin polyimide foil can be employed to prevent contamination from the self-sputtering of a Cf-252 source under vacuum, with small energy loss of the emitted fission fragments, with very small effect on the efficiency of counting the fission fragments, and with a long lifetime of the plastic foils. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilliam, David M.; Dewey, M. Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yue, Andrew] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Gilliam, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.gilliam@nist.gov OI Yue, Andrew/0000-0001-5340-8470 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 590 IS 1-3 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.02.029 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 317VL UT WOS:000257048200037 ER PT J AU Turner, KB Brinson, RG Yi-Brunozzi, HY Rausch, JW Miller, JT Le Grice, SFJ Marino, JP Fabris, D AF Turner, Kevin B. Brinson, Robert G. Yi-Brunozzi, Hye Young Rausch, Jason W. Miller, Jennifer T. Le Grice, Stuart F. J. Marino, John P. Fabris, Daniele TI Structural probing of the HIV-1 polypurine tract RNA : DNA hybrid using classic nucleic acid ligands SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; RNA/DNA HYBRIDS; RIBONUCLEASE-H; BINDING; RECOGNITION; TYPE-1 AB The interactions of archetypical nucleic acid ligands with the HIV-1 polypurine tract (PPT) RNA:DNA hybrid, as well as analogous DNA:DNA, RNA:RNA and swapped hybrid substrates, were used to probe structural features of the PPT that contribute to its specific recognition and processing by reverse transcriptase (RT). Results from intercalative and groove-binding ligands indicate that the wild-type PPT hybrid does not contain any strikingly unique groove geometries and/or stacking arrangements that might contribute to the specificity of its interaction with RT. In contrast, neomycin bound preferentially and selectively to the PPT near the 5(rA)(4):(dT)(4) tract and the 3 PPT-U3 junction. Nuclear magnetic resonance data from a complex between HIV-1 RT and the PPT indicate RT contacts within the same regions highlighted on the PPT by neomycin. These observations, together with the fact that the sites are correctly spaced to allow interaction with residues in the ribonuclease H (RNase H) active site and thumb subdomain of the p66 RT subunit, suggest that despite the long cleft employed by RT to make contact with nucleic acids substrates, these sites provide discrete binding units working in concert to determine not only specific PPT recognition, but also its orientation on the hybrid structure. C1 [Turner, Kevin B.; Fabris, Daniele] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Brinson, Robert G.; Marino, John P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Brinson, Robert G.; Marino, John P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD USA. [Brinson, Robert G.; Yi-Brunozzi, Hye Young; Rausch, Jason W.; Miller, Jennifer T.; Le Grice, Stuart F. J.] NCI, HIV Drug Resistance Program, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Fabris, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM marino@umbi.umd.edu; fabris@umbc.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM643208, R01 GM059107, GM59107] NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2799 EP 2810 DI 10.1093/nar/gkn129 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 299ML UT WOS:000255759600033 PM 18400780 ER PT J AU Danshita, I de Melo, CARS Clark, CW AF Danshita, Ippei de Melo, Carlos A. R. Sa Clark, Charles W. TI Reentrant quantum phase transition in double-well optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUPERFLUID; ATOMS; INSULATOR AB We study the quantum phases of bosons confined to a combined potential of a one-dimensional double-well optical lattice and a parabolic trap (two-legged ladders). We apply the time-evolving block decimation method to the corresponding ladders described by a two-legged Bose-Hubbard model. In the absence of a parabolic trap, the system of bosons in the double-well optical lattice exhibits a reentrant quantum phase transition between Mott insulator and superfluid phases at unit filling as the tilt of the double wells is increased. We show that this reentrant phase transition still occurs in the presence of a parabolic trap, and we suggest that it can be detected experimentally by measuring matter-wave interference patterns. C1 [Danshita, Ippei; de Melo, Carlos A. R. Sa; Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Danshita, Ippei; de Melo, Carlos A. R. Sa; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Danshita, Ippei] Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Clark, Charles W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Danshita, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 6 AR 063609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.063609 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 321EZ UT WOS:000257288800144 ER PT J AU Jia, XY Li, WD Fan, J Liu, J Chen, J AF Jia, X. Y. Li, W. D. Fan, J. Liu, J. Chen, J. TI Suppression effect in the nonsequential double ionization of molecules by an intense laser field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HELIUM; DYNAMICS; PULSES; MECHANISM; SINGLE; ATOMS; IONS AB The S-matrix theory is developed to study the nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of diatomic molecules N(2) and O(2) in an intense field. It is shown that electronic structures influence the NSDI process of molecules. Compared to N(2), a suppression effect of NSDI of molecule O(2) is found and it can be explained by the difference between the angular distributions of the first ionized photoelectrons of N(2) and O(2). The ratios of the NSDI rate to the single-ionization rate are also obtained and compared with experimental observations. C1 [Liu, J.; Chen, J.] Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China. [Liu, J.; Chen, J.] Peking Univ, Ctr Appl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Fan, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jia, X. Y.; Li, W. D.] Shanxi Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China. [Jia, X. Y.; Li, W. D.] Shanxi Univ, Dept Phys, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, POB 8009, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China. EM chen_jing@iapcm.ac.cn NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 6 AR 063407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.063407 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 321EZ UT WOS:000257288800117 ER PT J AU Uys, H Meystre, P AF Uys, H. Meystre, P. TI uperradiant Raman scattering in an ultracold Bose gas at finite temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHASE-COHERENT AMPLIFICATION; DICKE SUPERRADIANCE; MATTER WAVES; SUPERFLUORESCENCE; LASER AB We study superradiant Raman scattering from an ultracold, but finite, temperature Bose gas in a harmonic trap. Numerical simulations indicate the existence of distinct time scales associated with the decoherence of the condensed versus thermal fractions, and the concomitant preferred scattering from atoms in low-lying trap states in the regime where superradiance takes place on a time scale comparable to an inverse trap frequency. As a consequence the scattered atoms experience a modest reduction in temperature as compared to the unscattered atoms. C1 [Uys, H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Inst B2, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Uys, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 6 AR 063614 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.063614 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 321EZ UT WOS:000257288800149 ER PT J AU Manley, ME Alatas, A Trouw, F Leu, BM Lynn, JW Chen, Y Hults, WL AF Manley, Michael E. Alatas, Ahmet Trouw, Frans Leu, Bogdan M. Lynn, Jeffrey W. Chen, Ying Hults, W. Larry TI Intrinsic nature of thermally activated dynamical modes in alpha-U: Nonequilibrium mode creation by x-ray and neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE BREATHERS; LOCALIZED MODES; LATTICE; CRYSTALS; SOLITONS; URANIUM; ARRAYS; ENERGY AB Inelastic x-ray and neutron scattering were used to measure two matching lattice excitations on the [01 zeta] zone boundary in alpha-uranium. The excitations have the same polarization and reciprocal-space structure, but one has energy consistent with the thermal activation energy of the other, indicating that it creates the mode. The implied mechanism, where a mode is created by an amplitude fluctuation that mirrors the mode itself, is consistent with an intrinsically localized mode (ILM), and this is supported by thermodynamic data. The reciprocal-space structure, however, indicates a mode that is extended along its polarization direction, [010], and yet fully localized along a perpendicular direction, [001]. An enhancement of the thermal but not electrical conductivity with mode activation also suggests that these modes are more mobile than conventional ILMs. The behavior is, however, qualitatively similar to that predicted for ILMs on two-dimensional hexagonal lattices, where in-plane localization has been shown to be extended over more than ten discrete units, and the modes can be highly mobile. C1 [Manley, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Alatas, Ahmet; Leu, Bogdan M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Trouw, Frans; Hults, W. Larry] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.; Chen, Ying] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Ying] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015; Leu, Bogdan/J-9952-2015 OI Leu, Bogdan/0000-0003-2020-0686 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 21 AR 214305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.214305 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 321FA UT WOS:000257288900039 ER PT J AU Morosan, E Fleitman, JA Huang, Q Lynn, JW Chen, Y Ke, X Dahlberg, ML Schiffer, P Craley, CR Cava, RJ AF Morosan, E. Fleitman, J. A. Huang, Q. Lynn, J. W. Chen, Y. Ke, X. Dahlberg, M. L. Schiffer, P. Craley, C. R. Cava, R. J. TI Structure and magnetic properties of the Ho(2)Ge(2)O(7) pyrogermanate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HOT SPIN ICE; HOLMIUM PYROGERMANATE; ERBIUM PYROGERMANATE; CRYSTAL; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; ANISOTROPY; ER2GE2O7 AB We report the anisotropic magnetic properties of Ho(2)Ge(2)O(7) determined from dc and ac magnetization, specific heat and powder neutron-diffraction experiments. The magnetic lanthanide sublattice, seen in our refinement of the tetragonal pyrogermanate crystal structure, is a right-handed spiral of edge-sharing and corner-sharing triangles; the local Ho-O coordination indicates that the crystal field is anisotropic. Susceptibility and magnetization data indeed show that the magnetism is highly anisotropic, and the magnetic structure has the Ho moments confined to the plane perpendicular to the structural spiral. The ordered moment of Ho(3+), as determined from refinement of the neutron-diffraction data, is 9.0 mu(B). Magnetic ordering occurs around 1.6 K. Temperature and field dependent ac susceptibility measurements show that this compound displays spin relaxation phenomena analogous to what is seen in the spin ice pyrochlore system Ho(2)Ti(2)O(7). C1 [Morosan, E.; Fleitman, J. A.; Craley, C. R.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.; Chen, Y.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ke, X.; Dahlberg, M. L.; Schiffer, P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ke, X.; Dahlberg, M. L.; Schiffer, P.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Morosan, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; OI Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 22 AR 224423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.224423 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 321FE UT WOS:000257289300065 ER PT J AU Yang, B Tewary, VK AF Yang, B. Tewary, V. K. TI Multiscale Green's function for the deflection of graphene lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARBON; FILMS AB We show analytically that the continuum limit of the lattice-statics Green's function of a graphene sheet corresponds to the Green's function for an elastically stable Kirchhoff plate but not the Green's function for two-dimensional Christoffel equations. This correspondence demonstrates the mechanical stability of graphene in deflection and is necessary for relating its mechanical parameters to its lattice parameters. An explicit expression is derived for relating the continuum flexural rigidity to the force constants of graphene. This relationship can be used to measure flexural rigidity of graphene directly from experimentally observed phonon dispersion curves. The flexural rigidity is predicted to be 0.797 eV by using the Tersoff-Brenner empirical potential. Numerical examples are presented to show the usefulness of the correspondence in bridging the lattice and continuum length scales in graphene. C1 [Yang, B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Tewary, V. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM boyang@fit.edu RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 24 AR 245442 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.245442 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 321FI UT WOS:000257289700130 ER PT J AU Dalla Rosa, L Secchi, ER Maia, YG Zerbini, AN Heide-Jorgensen, MP AF Dalla Rosa, L. Secchi, E. R. Maia, Y. G. Zerbini, A. N. Heide-Jorgensen, M. P. TI Movements of satellite-monitored humpback whales on their feeding ground along the Antarctic Peninsula SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; satellite telemetry; movements; Antarctic Peninsula ID NARWHALS MONODON-MONOCEROS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; AUSTRAL SUMMER; HOME RANGES; BRANSFIELD; MIGRATION; GERLACHE; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA AB Humpback whales were instrumented with satellite transmitters off the western Antarctic Peninsula in January of 2004-2006 to examine their movement patterns and habitat use. Whales were tracked from 4 to 80 days (mean = 36.5 days). Distance and travel rate estimates for nine individuals ranged from 223 to 4,356 km and from 17 to 75 km/day, respectively. Considerable individual variation was observed in direction, speed and range of movements. The overall pattern was characterized by short- and long-distance movements between presumed foraging areas with relatively short residency times. Travel rates were lower at these sites, characterized by erratic movements, than during traveling between them. Area usage for six individuals based on the 95% fixed kernel home range with least squares cross-validation ranged from 2,771 to 172,356 km(2). The management boundary between the feeding grounds associated with Breeding Stocks G and A needs revision, as current available data suggest it should be located to the east of 50 degrees W. This study is the first to present detailed information on the movements of humpback whales in the Southern Ocean. C1 [Dalla Rosa, L.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Dalla Rosa, L.; Secchi, E. R.] Fundacao Univ Fed Rio Grande, Projeto Baleias GOAL Brazilian Antarctic Program, Lab Mamiferos Marinhos, Museu Oceanog Prof Eliezer C Rios, BR-96200970 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Secchi, E. R.] Fundacao Univ Fed Rio Grande, Lab Tartarugas & Mamiferos Marinhos, Dept Oceanog, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Maia, Y. G.; Zerbini, A. N.] Inst Aqualie, Projeto Monitoramento Baleias Satelite, BR-22763010 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Zerbini, A. N.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Heide-Jorgensen, M. P.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. RP Dalla Rosa, L (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, AERL, Room 247,2202 Main Hall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM dalla@zoology.ubc.ca RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012; Secchi, Eduardo/D-5038-2013; Dalla Rosa, Luciano/D-5660-2012 OI Secchi, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-9909; Dalla Rosa, Luciano/0000-0002-1583-6471 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 7 BP 771 EP 781 DI 10.1007/s00300-008-0415-2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303AH UT WOS:000256011100001 ER PT J AU Zammarano, M Kramer, RH Harris, R Ohlemiller, TJ Shields, JR Rahatekar, SS Lacerda, S Gilman, JW AF Zammarano, Mauro Kraemer, Roland H. Harris, Richard, Jr. Ohlemiller, Thomas J. Shields, John R. Rahatekar, Sameer S. Lacerda, Silvia Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Flammability reduction of flexible polyurethane foams via carbon nanofiber network formation SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; polyurethane; flammability; foam ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; NANOCOMPOSITES; LIQUID; MATRIX AB Untreated polyurethane flexible foams (PUFs) are prone to rapid fire growth due to their low density and low thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the low viscosity of the decomposition products generates severe dripping that increases the fire hazard related to the combustion of PUFs. In fact, this downward flow of flaming liquid often results in a pool-fire that promotes flame propagation and boosts the rate of heat release (HRR) due to a significant increase in the burning area and to feed-back between the flame on the pool-fire and the residual foam. In this work the effect of nartoparticles, i.e., clays and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), on the HRR is investigated with special attention given to melt dripping. A modified cone calorimeter test has been developed for this purpose. It is shown that CNFs form an entangled fiber network which eliminates melt dripping and decreases the HRR. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zammarano, Mauro; Harris, Richard, Jr.; Ohlemiller, Thomas J.; Shields, John R.; Rahatekar, Sameer S.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kraemer, Roland H.] Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lacerda, Silvia] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zammarano, M (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zammarano@gmail.com RI Rahatekar, Sameer/A-6008-2012; OI Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1002/pat.1111 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 317IT UT WOS:000257014100018 ER PT J AU Linteris, GT Rumminger, MD Babushok, VI AF Linteris, Gregory T. Rumminger, Marc D. Babushok, Valeri I. TI Catalytic inhibition of laminar flames by transition metal compounds SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE flame inhibition; halon replacement; fire suppression; nanoparticles; fuel additives; transition metals ID PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; IRON PENTACARBONYL; RADICAL-RECOMBINATION; PHOTOMETRIC INVESTIGATIONS; DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS; DIFFUSION FLAMES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ALKALI-METALS; AIR FLAMES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB Some of the most effective flame inhibitors ever found are metallic compounds. Their effectiveness, however, drops off rapidly with an increase of agent concentration, and varies widely with flame type. Iron pentacarbonyl, for example, can be up to two orders of magnitude more efficient than CF3Br for reducing the burning velocity of premixed laminar flames when added at low volume fraction; nevertheless, it is nearly ineffective for extinction of co-flow diffusion flames. This article outlines previous research into flame inhibition by metal-containing compounds, and for more recent work, focuses on experimental and modeling studies of inhibited premixed, counterflow diffusion, and co-flow diffusion flames by the present authors. The strong flame inhibition by metal compounds when added at low volume fraction is found to occur through the gas-phase catalytic cycles leading to a highly effective radical recombination in the reaction zone. While the reactions of these cycles proceed in some cases at close to collisional. rates, the agent effectiveness requires that the inhibiting species and the radicals in the flame overlap, and this can sometimes be limited by gas-phase transport rates. The metal species often lose their effectiveness above a certain volume fraction due to condensation processes. The influence of particle formation on inhibitor effectiveness depends upon the metal species concentration, particle size, residence time for particle formation, local flame temperature, and the drag and thermophoretic forces in the flame. Published by Elsevier ftd. C1 [Linteris, Gregory T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rumminger, Marc D.] LLC, Cleaire Adv Emiss Controls, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Babushok, Valeri I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov NR 152 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 288 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.pecs.2007.08.002 PG 42 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 298PC UT WOS:000255698600002 ER PT J AU Fakir, H Hofmann, W Caswell, RS AF Fakir, Hatim Hofmann, Werner Caswell, Randall S. TI Radon progeny microdosimetry in human and rat bronchial airways: the effect of crossfire from the alveolar region SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-PARTICLES; ENERGY-SPECTRA; HUMAN LUNG; DOSIMETRY; DAUGHTERS; TRANSFORMATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEI; CELLS AB The objectives of the present study were (1) to present a comprehensive analysis of the microdosimetric quantities in both human and rat bronchial airways and (2) to assess the contribution of the crossfire alpha particles emitted from the alveolar region to bronchial absorbed doses. Hit frequencies, absorbed doses and critical microdosimetric quantities were calculated for basal and secretory cell nuclei located at different depths in epithelial tissue for each bronchial airway generation for defined exposure conditions. Total absorbed doses and hit frequencies were slightly higher in rat airways than in corresponding human airways. This confirms the a priori assumption in rat inhalation experiments that the rat lung is a suitable surrogate for the human lung. While the contribution of crossfire alpha particles is insignificant in the human lung, it can reach 33% in peripheral bronchiolar airways of the rat lung. The latter contribution may even further increase with increasing alveolar (214)Po activities. Hence, the observed prevalence of tumors in the bronchiolar region of the rat lung may partly be attributed to the high-linear energy transfer crossfire alpha particles. C1 [Fakir, Hatim; Hofmann, Werner] Salzburg Univ, Div Phys & Biophys, Dept Mat Engn & Phys, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. [Caswell, Randall S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Hofmann, W (reprint author), Salzburg Univ, Div Phys & Biophys, Dept Mat Engn & Phys, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. EM werner.hofmann@sbg.ac.at FU Commission of the European Communities [FI6R-CT-2003-508842(RISC-RAD)] FX This research was supported in part by the Commission of the European Communities under Contract FI6R-CT-2003-508842(RISC-RAD). NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm496 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 348JO UT WOS:000259207000005 PM 18223184 ER PT J AU Pynn, R Lee, WT Stonaha, P Shah, VR Washington, AL Kirby, BJ Majkrzak, CF Maranville, BB AF Pynn, Roger Lee, W. T. Stonaha, P. Shah, V. R. Washington, A. L. Kirby, B. J. Majkrzak, C. F. Maranville, B. B. TI The use of symmetry to correct Larmor phase aberrations in spin echo scattering angle measurement SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Spin echo scattering angle measurement (SESAME) is a sensitive interference technique for measuring neutron diffraction. The method uses waveplates or birefringent prisms to produce a phase separation (the Larmor phase) between the "up" and "down" spin components of a neutron wavefunction that is initially prepared in a state that is a linear combination of in-phase up and down components. For neutrons, uniformly birefringent optical elements can be constructed from closed solenoids with appropriately shaped cross sections. Such elements are inconvenient in practice, however, both because of the precision they demand in the control of magnetic fields outside the elements and because of the amount of material required in the neutron beam. In this paper, we explore a different option in which triangular-cross-section solenoids used to create magnetic fields for SESAME have gaps in one face, allowing the lines of magnetic flux to "leak out" of the solenoid. Although the resulting field inhomogeneity produces aberrations in the Larmor phase, the symmetry of the solenoid gaps causes the aberrations produced by neighboring pairs of triangular solenoids to cancel to a significant extent. The overall symmetry of the SESAME apparatus leads to further cancellations of aberrations, providing an architecture that is easy to construct and robust in performance. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Pynn, Roger; Stonaha, P.; Shah, V. R.; Washington, A. L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Pynn, Roger; Lee, W. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kirby, B. J.; Majkrzak, C. F.; Maranville, B. B.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pynn, R (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. OI Stonaha, Paul/0000-0002-6846-2442; Washington, Adam/0000-0002-3243-1556 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 AR 063901 DI 10.1063/1.2927251 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 321DA UT WOS:000257283700022 PM 18601411 ER PT J AU Kemp, PS Williams, JG AF Kemp, Paul S. Williams, John G. TI Response of migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts to in-stream structure associated with culverts SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Regulated Streams CY AUG, 2006 CL Stirling, SCOTLAND DE fishways; culverts; turbulence; swimming-performance ID STEELHEAD TROUT; HYDRAULICS; SELECTION; FISHWAYS; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT AB Poorly designed culverts can impede upstream movements of fish under high flows when excessive water velocities create adverse conditions. Improvement in upstream fish passage efficiency may occur with placement of structures within culverts that increase hydraulic complexity and provide resting areas. The effects of structural modification on downstream migrants, however, are unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, the behaviour of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts was assessed in an experimental laboratory flume. Under light and dark conditions, fish were observed as they encountered either an unmodified aluminium channel (control) or one of two treatments: an 'intermediate' substrate (treatment channel lined with corrugated sheet) or a 'complex' substrate (addition of cobbles to the 'intermediate' treatment). More smolts passed the control channel than the treatment channels. Even with control of the variation in flow between channels, under light conditions more fish than expected passed the control channel when paired with the complex treatment. Smolts more frequently rejected both treatments than the control channel when light, and the complex treatment when dark, by swimming upstream against the flow after entry. The majority of fish moved through the flume facing downstream, although a greater proportion faced upstream when dark than when light, and entered the control channel. Velocity of downstream movement (ground velocity) was greater through the control channel than for the treatment routes, and slower than the mean water velocity, and under the dark condition. When mean water velocities were taken into account, the net velocity through the control channel was not significantly different to the intermediate, and lower than the complex channel. Juvenile Chinook salmon determined fine-scale variation in structural complexity and exhibited avoidance behaviour in the presence and absence of visual stimuli. Hydraulic stimuli influenced route selection exhibited by migratory juvenile salmonids. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kemp, Paul S.] Univ Southampton, Int Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Kemp, Paul S.; Williams, John G.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kemp, PS (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Int Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM p.kemp@soton.ac.uk NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 571 EP 579 DI 10.1002/rra.1140 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 319MM UT WOS:000257167800009 ER PT J AU Verlaque, CJ AF Verlaque, Cmdr. James TI A farewell to NOAA ship Rude SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Verlaque, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 49 IS 6 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 318QQ UT WOS:000257107100001 ER PT J AU Sager, WW Shyu, JP Manley, J AF Sager, William W. Shyu, Jih-Ping Manley, Justin TI Exploring West Florida escarpment with high-resolution geophysical imaging SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Sager, William W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Shyu, Jih-Ping] C & C Technol Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Manley, Justin] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Explorat & Res, Duxbury, MA USA. RP Sager, WW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 49 IS 6 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 318QQ UT WOS:000257107100002 ER PT J AU Kazil, J Harrison, RG Lovejoy, ER AF Kazil, Jan Harrison, R. Giles Lovejoy, Edward R. TI Tropospheric new particle formation and the role of ions SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE troposphere; aerosol nucleation; ionization; cosmic rays; clouds ID INDUCED AEROSOL FORMATION; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; SULFURIC-ACID-WATER; CLUSTER IONS; EXPERIMENTAL THERMODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; MEDIATED NUCLEATION; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; H2O-H2SO4 SYSTEM; FORMATION EVENTS AB Aerosol particles play an important role in the Earth's troposphere and in the climate system: They scatter and absorb solar radiation, facilitate chemical processes, and serve as condensation nuclei for the formation of clouds. Tropospheric aerosol particles are emitted from surface sources or form in situ from the gas phase. Formation from the gas phase requires concentrations of aerosol precursor molecules aggregating to form molecular clusters able to grow faster than they evaporate. This process is called nucleation. Gas phase ions can reduce the concentration of aerosol precursor molecules required for nucleation, as they greatly stabilize molecular clusters with respect to evaporation. Therefore, ions are a potential source of aerosol particles. Since atmospheric ionization carries the signal of the decadal solar cycle due to the modulation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity by solar activity, a possible connection between the solar cycle, galactic cosmic rays, aerosols, and clouds has been a long-standing focus of interest. In this paper, we provide an overview of theoretical, modeling, laboratory, and field work on the role and relevance of ions for the formation of tropospheric aerosol particles, and on subsequent effects on clouds, and discuss briefly related research needs. C1 [Kazil, Jan] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Harrison, R. Giles] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, England. [Lovejoy, Edward R.] NOAA Earth System Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kazil, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM jan.kazil@zmaw.de; r.g.harrison@reading.ac.uk; edward.r.lovejoy@noaa.gov RI Harrison, R Giles/C-7635-2011; Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013 OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451 NR 96 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1-4 BP 241 EP 255 DI 10.1007/s11214-008-9388-2 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338ZD UT WOS:000258547000015 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, M AF Fujiwara, Masami TI Effects of an autocorrelated stochastic environment and fisheries on the age at maturity of Chinook salmon SO THEORETICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Age of maturity; Environmental autocorrelation; Life-history evolution; Matrix population model; Maturation adjustment strategy ID LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC-SALMON; REACTION NORMS; SIZE; POPULATION; MATURATION; GROWTH; DENSITY; STOCKS AB Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reproduce only once in their lifetime, and their age at reproduction varies among individuals (indeterminate semelparous). However, the factors that determine their spawning age still remain uncertain. Evidence from recent studies suggests that individual growth and reproduction of Chinook salmon are affected by the rate of coastal upwelling, which is shown to be positively autocorrelated between years. Therefore, the serially autocorrelated environmental is expected to play an important role in determining their spawning age. In the present study, I demonstrate the advantage of an indeterminate maturation strategy under a stochastic environment. I then present theoretical evidence for the advantage of adjusting the maturation probability based on the environment they experienced and demonstrate that fisheries reduce the fitness of the strategy to delay maturation. The results presented herein emphasize the importance of incorporating detailed life-history strategies of organisms when undertaking population management. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM masami.fujiwara@noaa.gov RI Fujiwara, Masami/C-3115-2012 OI Fujiwara, Masami/0000-0002-9255-6043 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-1738 EI 1874-1746 J9 THEOR ECOL-NETH JI Theor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s12080-007-0008-7 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500UQ UT WOS:000270331400003 ER PT J AU Morey, JS Ryan, JC Dechraoui, MYB Rezvani, AH Levin, ED Gordon, CJ Ramsdell, JS Van Dolah, FM AF Morey, Jeanine S. Ryan, James C. Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein Rezvani, Amir H. Levin, Edward D. Gordon, Christopher J. Ramsdell, John S. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Liver genomic responses to ciguatoxin: Evidence for activation of phase I and phase II detoxification pathways following an acute hypothermic response in mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; ciguatoxin; biotoxin; microarray; liver; gene expression; hypothermia ID GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; CYTOCHROMES P450; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE; MICROARRAY DATA; MOUSE-LIVER; BREVETOXIN; CHOLESTEROL; INDUCTION; CIGUATERA AB Ciguatoxins (CTX) are polyether neurotoxins that target voltage-gated sodium channels and are responsible for ciguatera, the most common fish-borne food poisoning in humans. This study characterizes the global transcriptional response of mouse liver to a symptomatic dose (0.26 ng/g) of the highly potent Pacific ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1). At 1 h post-exposure 2.4% of features on a 44K whole genome array were differentially expressed (p <= 0.0001), increasing to 5.2% at 4 h and decreasing to 1.4% by 24 h post-CTX exposure. Data were filtered (vertical bar fold change vertical bar >= 1.5 and p <= 0.0001 in at least one time point) and a trend set of 1550 genes were used for further analysis. Early gene expression was likely influenced prominently by an acute 4 degrees C decline in core body temperature by 1 h, which resolved by 8 h following exposure. An initial downregulation of 32 different solute carriers, many involved in sodium transport, was observed. Differential gene expression in pathways involving eicosanoid biosynthesis and cholesterol homeostasis was also noted. Cytochrome P450s (Cyps) were of particular interest due to their role in xenobiotic metabolism. Twenty-seven genes, mostly members of Cyp2 and Cyp4 families, showed significant changes in expression. Many Cyps underwent an initial downregulation at 1 h but were quickly and strongly upregulated at 4 and 24 h post-exposure. In addition to Cyps, increases in several glutathione S-transferases were observed, an indication that both phase I and phase II metabolic reactions are involved in the hepatic response to CTX in mice. C1 [Morey, Jeanine S.; Ryan, James C.; Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein; Ramsdell, John S.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOS, CCEHBR, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rezvani, Amir H.; Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gordon, Christopher J.] US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOS, CCEHBR, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Fran.VanDolah@noaa.gov OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 BP 298 EP 310 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn055 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 299MX UT WOS:000255760800008 PM 18353800 ER PT J AU Tubaro, A Giangaspero, A Ardizzone, M Soranzo, MR Vita, F Yasumoto, T Maucher, JM Ramsdell, JS Sosa, S AF Tubaro, A. Giangaspero, A. Ardizzone, M. Soranzo, M. R. Vita, F. Yasumoto, T. Maucher, J. M. Ramsdell, J. S. Sosa, S. TI Ultrastructural damage to heart tissue from repeated oral exposure to yessotoxin resolves in 3 months SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE yessotoxin; short-term oral toxicity; daily repeated administration; mice ID MYOBLAST CELL-LINES; SWISS CD1 MICE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; OKADAIC ACID; E-CADHERIN; SHELLFISH; TOXICITY; HOMOYESSOTOXINS; PHYCOTOXIN; TOXINS AB Yessotoxin (YTX), an algal toxin contaminating edible shellfish, was previously shown to induce ultrastructural changes in some cardiac muscle cells,of mice after acute (1 and 2 mg/kg) or daily repeated oral exposure (1 and 2 mg/kg/day, for 7 days). Therefore, the temporal evolution of the ultrastructural myocardial alterations and the development of other signs of toxicity induced by a repeated daily oral administration of YTX (1 mg/kg/day, for 7 days) to mice were evaluated within 3 months after the treatment. Symptoms, food consumption, body weight, gross pathology and histopathology of the main organs and tissues were observed, and plasma levels of transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and creatinine phosphokinase were measured. Heart, liver, kidneys and cerebellum were also analysed by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the blood concentration of YTX was determined by a direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 24 h after the last toxin administration. No mortality or other treatment-related changes, including histological or hematoclinical parameters, were recorded in mice administered with YTX. Similarly, electron microscopy did not reveal any ultrastructural alteration in the liver, kidneys, and cerebellum associated with YTX treatment. In contrast, changes in cardiac muscle cells near to the capillaries (clusters of rounded mitochondria and disorganization of myofibrils) were observed 24h after the treatment. These changes were also noted 30 days after the toxin administration, while after 90 days no differences in cardiac muscle cells between control and YTX-treated mice were observed, which indicated a recovery of the ultrastructural alterations induced by the toxin. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tubaro, A.; Giangaspero, A.; Sosa, S.] Univ Trieste, Dept Mat & Nat Resources, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Ardizzone, M.] Ist Ric Biomed Antoine Marxer RBM SpA, I-10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy. [Soranzo, M. R.; Vita, F.] Univ Trieste, Dept Physiol & Pathol, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Yasumoto, T.] Japan Food Res Labs, Tama Lab, Tokyo 2060025, Japan. [Maucher, J. M.; Ramsdell, J. S.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. RP Tubaro, A (reprint author), Univ Trieste, Dept Mat & Nat Resources, Via A Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. EM tubaro@units.it NR 28 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1225 EP 1235 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.02.011 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 317DJ UT WOS:000256999600011 PM 18402996 ER PT J AU Watts, RJ Finn, DD Wyeth, MS Teel, AL AF Watts, Richard J. Finn, Dennis D. Wyeth, Megan S. Teel, Amy L. TI Performance Comparison of Tin Oxide Anodes to Commercially Available Dimensionally Stable Anodes SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tin oxide anodes; dimensionally stable anodes; electrochemical disinfection; industrial waste treatment; wastewater effluent disinfection ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; HIGH OVERVOLTAGE ANODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; OXIDATION; DISINFECTION; ELECTRODES; PHENOL; INACTIVATION; DEGRADATION AB Dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) demonstrate potential for the electrochemical treatment of industrial waste streams and disinfection of effluent. Oxidation by laboratory-prepared tin oxide DSAs was compared with that of commercially available ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, and mixed metal oxide DSAs, using hexanol as a probe molecule. The performance of the four anodes was similar in two-chamber reactors, in which the anode cell was separated from the cathode cell by a Nafion membrane, which allows transmission of current between the chambers, but not passage of chemical constituents. The anodes were then evaluated in single-cell reactors, which are more representative of potential treatment and disinfection applications. However, in the single-cell reactors, the tin oxide anodes were significantly more effective at oxidation and generated higher quality cyclic voltammograms than the other DSAs. These results suggest that tin oxide anodes have greater potential than the three commercially available DSAs tested for industrial waste stream treatment and effluent disinfection. Water Environ. Res., 80, 490 (2008). C1 [Watts, Richard J.; Teel, Amy L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Finn, Dennis D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Wyeth, Megan S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Watts, RJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 2910, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rjwatts@wsu.edu RI Finn, Dennis/C-3204-2016; OI Teel, Amy/0000-0002-0882-4413 FU Water Environment Research Foundation (Alexandria, Virginia) [02-CTS-6] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Water Environment Research Foundation (Alexandria, Virginia) through grant no. 02-CTS-6. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 80 IS 6 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.2175/106143008X266760 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 375QD UT WOS:000261127500003 PM 18686924 ER PT J AU Junker, NW Grumm, RH Hart, R Bosart, LF Bell, KM Pereira, FJ AF Junker, Norman W. Grumm, Richard H. Hart, Robert Bosart, Lance F. Bell, Katherine M. Pereira, Frank J. TI Use of normalized anomaly fields to anticipate extreme rainfall in the mountains of northern California SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; EVENTS; REANALYSIS; SATELLITE; CALJET; WINTER AB Extreme rainfall events contribute a large portion of wintertime precipitation to northern California. The motivations of this paper were to study the observed differences in the patterns between extreme and more commonly occurring lighter rainfall events, and to study whether anomaly fields might be used to discriminate between them. Daily ( 1200-1200 UTC) precipitation amounts were binned into three progressively heavier categories ( 12.5-50.0 mm, light; 50-100 mm, moderate; and > 100 mm, heavy) in order to help identify the physical processes responsible for extreme precipitation in the Sierra Nevada range between 37.5 degrees and 41.0 degrees N. The composite fields revealed marked differences between the synoptic patterns associated with the three different groups. The heavy composites showed a much stronger, larger-scale, and slower-moving negative geopotential height anomaly off the Pacific coast of Oregon and Washington than was revealed in either of the other two composites. The heavy rainfall events were also typically associated with an atmospheric river with anomalously high precipitable water ( PW) and 850-hPa moisture flux (MF) within it. The standardized PW and MF anomalies associated with the heavy grouping were higher and were slower moving than in either of the lighter bins. Three multiday heavy rainfall events were closely examined in order to ascertain whether anomaly patterns could provide forecast utility. Each of the multiday extreme rainfall events investigated was associated with atmospheric rivers that contained highly anomalous 850-hPa MF and PW within it. Each case was also associated with an unusually intense negative geopotential height anomaly that was similarly located off of the west coast of the United States. The similarities in the anomaly pattern among the three multiday extreme events suggest that standardized anomalies might be useful in predicting extreme multiday rainfall events in the northern Sierra range. C1 [Junker, Norman W.] NOAA, Ctr Sci, NCEP, Hydrometeorol Predict Center,IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hart, Robert] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Bosart, Lance F.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Bell, Katherine M.] NOAA, NCEP, Ocean Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Junker, NW (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, NCEP, Hydrometeorol Predict Center,IM Syst Grp, Rm 410,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM norman.w.junker@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 336 EP 356 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2007013.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319RD UT WOS:000257180600002 ER PT J AU Fujita, T Stensrud, DJ Dowell, DC AF Fujita, Tadashi Stensrud, David J. Dowell, David C. TI Using precipitation observations in a mesoscale short-range ensemble analysis and forecasting system SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; PHYSICAL INITIALIZATION; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; RAINFALL ASSIMILATION; RADAR DATA; MODEL AB A simple method to assimilate precipitation data from a synthesis of radar and gauge data is developed to operate alongside an ensemble Kalman filter that assimilates hourly surface observations. The mesoscale ensemble forecast system consists of 25 members with 30-km grid spacing and incorporates variability in both initial and boundary conditions and model physical process schemes. The precipitation assimilation method only incorporates information on when and where rainfall is observed. Model temperature and water vapor mixing ratio profiles at each grid point are modified if rainfall is observed but not predicted, or if rainfall is predicted but not observed. These modifications act to either increase or decrease, respectively, the likelihood that precipitation develops at that grid point. Two cases are examined in which this technique is applied to assimilate precipitation data every 15 min from 1200 to 1800 UTC, while hourly surface observations are also assimilated at the same time using the more sophisticated ensemble Kalman filter approach. Results show that the simple method for assimilating precipitation data helps the model develop precipitation where it is observed, resulting in the precipitation area being reproduced more accurately than in the run without precipitation-data assimilation, while not negatively influencing the positive results from the surface data assimilation. Improvement is also seen in the reliability of precipitation probabilities for a 1 mm h(-1) threshold after the assimilation period, indicating that assimilating precipitation data may provide improved forecasts of the mesoscale environment for a few hours. C1 [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Fujita, Tadashi] Univ Oklahoma, Sasaki Inst, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fujita, Tadashi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Numer Predict Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Dowell, David C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Rm 4368,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM david.stensrud@noaa.gov RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015 NR 71 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 357 EP 372 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2006108.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319RD UT WOS:000257180600003 ER PT J AU Zhao, QY Cook, J Xu, Q Harasti, PR AF Zhao, Qingyun Cook, John Xu, Qin Harasti, Paul R. TI Improving short-term storm predictions by assimilating both radar radial-wind and reflectivity observations SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR; SIMPLE ADJOINT METHOD; MODEL INITIAL FIELDS; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; VELOCITY RETRIEVAL; MICROBURST WINDS; SYSTEM; IMPACT; PRECIPITATION AB A high-resolution data assimilation system is under development at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The objective of this development is to assimilate high-resolution data, especially those from Doppler radars, into the U. S. Navy's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System to improve the model's capability and accuracy in short-term ( 0-6 h) prediction of hazardous weather for nowcasting. A variational approach is used in this system to assimilate the radar observations into the model. The system is upgraded in this study with new capabilities to assimilate not only the radar radial-wind data but also reflectivity data. Two storm cases are selected to test the upgraded system and to study the impact of radar data assimilation on model forecasts. Results from the data assimilation experiments show significant improvements in storm prediction especially when both radar radial-wind and reflectivity observations are assimilated and the analysis incremental fields are adequately constrained by the model's dynamics and properly adjusted to satisfy the model's thermodynamical balance. C1 [Zhao, Qingyun; Cook, John] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Xu, Qin] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Harasti, Paul R.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhao, QY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Mail Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM allen.zhao@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 45 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 373 EP 391 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2007038.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319RD UT WOS:000257180600004 ER PT J AU O'Lenic, EA Unger, DA Halpert, MS Pelman, KS AF O'Lenic, Edward A. Unger, David A. Halpert, Michael S. Pelman, Kenneth S. TI Developments in operational long-range climate prediction at CPC SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID 500-MB HEIGHT FLUCTUATIONS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; SHORT-TIME SCALES; UNITED-STATES; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; FORECAST SYSTEM; SOIL-MOISTURE; EL-NINO; TEMPERATURE AB The science, production methods, and format of long-range forecasts (LRFs) at the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), a part of the National Weather Service's (NWS's) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), have evolved greatly since the inception of 1-month mean forecasts in 1946 and 3-month mean forecasts in 1982. Early forecasts used a subjective blending of persistence and linear regression-based forecast tools, and a categorical map format. The current forecast system uses an increasingly objective technique to combine a variety of statistical and dynamical models, which incorporate the impacts of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other sources of interannual variability, and trend. CPC's operational LRFs are produced each midmonth with a "lead" ( i. e., amount of time between the release of a forecast and the start of the valid period) of 1/2 month for the 1-month outlook, and with leads ranging from 1/ 2 month through 121/2 months for the 3-month outlook. The 1- month outlook is also updated at the end of each month with a lead of zero. Graphical renderings of the forecasts made available to users range from a simple display of the probability of the most likely tercile to a detailed portrayal of the entire probability distribution. Efforts are under way at CPC to objectively weight, bias correct, and combine the information from many different LRF prediction tools into a single tool, called the consolidation ( CON). CON 1/2- month lead 3-month temperature ( precipitation) hindcasts over 1995-2005 were 18% (195%) better, as measured by the Heidke skill score for nonequal chances forecasts, than real-time official ( OFF) forecasts during that period. CON was implemented into LRF operations in 2006, and promises to transfer these improvements to the official LRF. Improvements in the science and production methods of LRFs are increasingly being driven by users, who are finding an increasing number of applications, and demanding improved access to forecast information. From the forecast-producer side, hope for improvement in this area lies in greater dialogue with users, and development of products emphasizing user access, input, and feedback, including direct access to 5 km x 5 km gridded outlook data through NWS's new National Digital Forecast Database ( NDFD). C1 [O'Lenic, Edward A.; Unger, David A.; Halpert, Michael S.; Pelman, Kenneth S.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP O'Lenic, EA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, W-NP5,Rm 604 WWB,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM ed.olenic@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 496 EP 515 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2007042.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319RD UT WOS:000257180600010 ER PT J AU Altukhov, AV Burkanov, VN Kruchenkova, EP Goltsman, ME Dulchenko, NA Mamaev, EG Rivanenkova, ML AF Altukhov, A. V. Burkanov, V. N. Kruchenkova, E. P. Goltsman, M. E. Dulchenko, N. A. Mamaev, E. G. Rivanenkova, M. L. TI The attendance patterns of nursing Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) females on Mednyi Island (the Commander Islands) and Dolgaya Rock (the Kuril Islands) SO ZOOLOGICHESKY ZHURNAL LA Russian DT Article ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; FORAGING ENERGETICS; PUP BEHAVIOR; ALASKA AB Attendance patterns of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) females on Mednyi Island (the Commander Islands) and Dolgaya Rock (the Kuril Islands) were similar. The attendance is dominated by 24-hour cycles. Females leave a rookery synchronously in the evening and return in the following morning. Foraging trips are restricted to night hours. The authors' data do not agree with the results obtained on rookeries in the Gulf of Alaska, where foraging trips of reproductive females are much longer, their duration is more variable, and the time of return to the rookery is less synchronized. The area of the shelf zone on the Kuril and Commander Islands is significantly smaller. Here, fish and cephalopods that compose the main diet of sea lions are concentrated to a greater degree than around continental islands and the coast of Alaska. The feeding patches of sea lions around the Kuril and Commander Islands are suggested to be more abundant and more predicted than at continental islands. The data obtained support the hypothesis that attendance patterns reflect the local state of the foraging base and can be used as an indicator of food abundance. C1 [Altukhov, A. V.; Kruchenkova, E. P.; Goltsman, M. E.; Dulchenko, N. A.; Rivanenkova, M. L.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Burkanov, V. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Far Eastern Div, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Burkanov, V. N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mamaev, E. G.] Vyatka State Agr Acad, Kirov 610017, Russia. RP Altukhov, AV (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow 119899, Russia. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0044-5134 J9 ZOOL ZH JI Zool. Zhurnal PD JUN PY 2008 VL 87 IS 7 BP 876 EP 884 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 339YS UT WOS:000258613800011 ER PT J AU Rodgers, KB Aumont, O Menkes, C Gorgues, T AF Rodgers, Keith B. Aumont, Olivier Menkes, Christophe Gorgues, Thomas TI Decadal variations in equatorial Pacific ecosystems and ferrocline/pycnocline decoupling SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; CIRCULATION MODELS; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; IRON; FLUCTUATIONS; REANALYSIS; SURFACE; ENSO; MODULATIONS AB The equatorial Pacific Ocean is known for its large interannual to decadal variability in circulation. In particular, the changes that occurred in 1976/1977 have received considerable attention in the climate dynamics literature, and recently there has been much attention focused on changes that may have occurred there in 1997/1998. Unfortunately, because of data sparsity, the impact of these changes or shifts on ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystems remains largely unknown. Here a three-dimensional ocean circulation model (the ORCA2 configuration of OPA) which has a food web/ biogeochemistry model (PISCES) embedded in it, and which has been forced with both NCEP-1 and ERA-40 reanalysis fluxes over multiple decades, is used as a tool to investigate decadal changes and their associated mechanisms. Our main finding with the model is that a decrease in the amplitude of the surface zonal wind stress in the tropical Pacific in the mid-to-late-1970s leads to a decrease in Fe and Chl concentrations in the upwelling regions of the eastern equatorial Pacific after 1976/ 1977. These changes find expression predominantly during the upwelling season (the seasonal maximum for Fe and Chl concentrations), when surface Fe and Chl concentrations tend to be significantly higher pre-1976/1977 than post-1976/1977. The changes in Chl concentrations need to be understood as modulations of the amplitude of the seasonal cycle, rather than as a "biological regime shift'' (an abrupt transition from one mean state to another). In contrast to what is found for Fe and Chl, for NO(3) the decadal changes in surface concentrations in the upwelling region about 1976/1977 can be described as a shift in the mean state. It is shown that the response in surface Fe and Chl in the upwelling region about 1976/1977 is proportionally larger than the decadal changes in surface wind stress forcing, and it is also larger than the previously reported change in the strength of the meridional overturning strength of the subtropical cells (STCs). Importantly, this amplified response reflects a decoupling of the ferrocline and pycnocline within the equatorial Pacific. In this way, the presence of a time-invariant sediment source for Fe can substantially amplify the ecosystem response to decadal variability in ocean circulation. C1 [Rodgers, Keith B.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Aumont, Olivier; Menkes, Christophe] LOCEAN, Paris, France. [Aumont, Olivier] Ctr IRD Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Gorgues, Thomas] Univ Washington, JISAO Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rodgers, KB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM krodgers@princeton.edu RI Aumont, Olivier/G-5207-2016; Gorgues, Thomas/G-4544-2010; menkes, christophe/H-9085-2016 OI Aumont, Olivier/0000-0003-3954-506X; Gorgues, Thomas/0000-0003-0091-0314; menkes, christophe/0000-0002-1457-9696 NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 31 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 AR GB2019 DI 10.1029/2006GB002919 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 307ZR UT WOS:000256358600001 ER PT J AU Li, F Ginoux, P Ramaswamy, V AF Li, Fuyu Ginoux, Paul Ramaswamy, V. TI Distribution, transport, and deposition of mineral dust in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica: Contribution of major sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; EAST ANTARCTICA; DESERT DUST; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DOME-C; ICE; CORE; DESERTIFICATION; PROVENANCE AB A model-based investigation of the transport, distribution and deposition of mineral dust in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is performed by using the GFDL Atmospheric Model (AM2). The study represents an attempt to quantify the contribution of the major sources by tagging dust based on its origin. We evaluate the contribution of each source to the emission, distribution, mass burden and deposition of dust in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, and show that each source produces distinctive meridional transport, vertical distribution, and deposition patterns. The dust in SH originates primarily from Australia (120 Tg a(-1)), Patagonia (38 Tg a(-1)) and the inter-hemispheric transport from Northern Hemisphere (31 Tg a(-1)). A small fraction of it (7 Tg a(-1)) is transported and deposited in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, where dust from South America, Australia, and Northern Hemisphere are essentially located in the boundary layer, mid-troposphere, and upper-troposphere, respectively. These three sources contribute to nearly all the dust burden in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. South America and Australia are the main sources of the dust deposition, but they differ zonally, with each one dominating half of a hemisphere along 120 degrees E-60 degrees W: the half comprising the Atlantic and Indian oceans in the case of the South American dust and the Pacific half in the case of the Australian dust. Our study also indicates a potentially important role of Northern Hemisphere dust, as it appears to be a significant part of the dust burden but contributing little to the dust deposition in Antarctica. C1 [Li, Fuyu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ginoux, Paul; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 308B GFDL,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM fuyuli@princeton.edu RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Li, Fuyu/B-9055-2013 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; NR 47 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D10 AR D10207 DI 10.1029/2007JD009190 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 307ZV UT WOS:000256359000001 ER PT J AU Smith, ZK Detman, TR Sun, W Dryer, M Deehr, CS Fry, CD AF Smith, Z. K. Detman, T. R. Sun, W. Dryer, M. Deehr, C. S. Fry, C. D. TI Modeling the arrival at Earth of the interplanetary shock following the 12 May 1997 solar event using HAFv2 and 3-D MHD HHMS models SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SPACE WEATHER; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; KINEMATIC MODEL; APRIL 2001; WIND; TIME; CME; PREDICTION AB The 12 May 1997 solar event is used to demonstrate the improvements that have been made in recent years in the accuracy of predicting, in the operational environment, the time of arrival at Earth of solar-caused interplanetary shocks. This event provides a simple test case because it was both well isolated in time from other events and well documented, with the observation of a large flare ( in optical and X-ray), a large halo CME, metric type-II radio burst and near-Earth solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field data. The Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry model ( version 2: HAFv2) near-real-time prediction gave an error of 31 h. Because the accuracy of predicted Sun-to-Earth transit times of such shocks depends both on the model and our ability to determine the proper inputs from available observations, we reexamined the predictions made for the 12 May event using inputs that could have been available in near-real-time, both with HAFv2 and a second, ensemble-partnered solar wind prediction model, the 3-D MHD Hybrid Heliospheric Model System (HHMS). We use updated methods of estimating the initial shock velocity ( from Smith et al., 2005b) and examine the influence of the background solar wind. This reexamination reduced the error from the original 31 h to less than 4 h. Achieving near-real-time accuracies to this level would greatly enhance operations of technologies such as electrical power grids, satellite systems, and polar flight communications. C1 [Smith, Z. K.; Detman, T. R.; Dryer, M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sun, W.; Deehr, C. S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Detman, T. R.; Dryer, M.; Fry, C. D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Smith, ZK (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 6 IS 5 AR S05006 DI 10.1029/2007SW000356 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 308BJ UT WOS:000256363000001 ER PT J AU Gambacorta, A Barnet, C Soden, B Strow, L AF Gambacorta, A. Barnet, C. Soden, B. Strow, L. TI An assessment of the tropical humidity-temperature covariance using AIRS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR AB We investigate the horizontal and vertical structure of the covariance between water vapor and temperature in the tropical troposphere, using satellite measurements from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder ( AIRS). Our analysis reveals large spatial gradients in the local covariance between water vapor and temperature. Positive correlations dominate the tropical lower and upper troposphere, while regions of negative correlation are common in the tropical middle troposphere. While regressions of the tropical mean water vapor and temperature profiles reveal slopes of the same order of magnitude of the Clausius-Clapeyron regime, the regression of local values can be up to an order of magnitude larger than the Clausius-Clapeyron prediction. Results from the NOAA GFDL global circulation model are also shown for comparison. C1 [Soden, B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gambacorta, A.; Strow, L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Gambacorta, A.; Barnet, C.] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Gambacorta, A.] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Gambacorta, A (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Airmen Mem Bldg,Suite 204,5211 Auth Rd,Suite 204, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM antonia.gambacorta@noaa.gov RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011 OI Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 AR L10814 DI 10.1029/2008GL033805 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 307ZI UT WOS:000256357700005 ER PT J AU Forest, CE Reynolds, RW AF Forest, Chris E. Reynolds, Richard W. TI Climate change - Hot questions of temperature bias SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYSTEM; TRENDS; SST C1 [Forest, Chris E.] MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reynolds, Richard W.] NOAA, US Nat Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Forest, CE (reprint author), MIT, Joint Program Sci & Policy Global Change, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ceforest@mit.edu; richard.w.reynolds@noaa.gov RI Forest, Chris/M-1993-2014 OI Forest, Chris/0000-0002-2643-0186 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 29 PY 2008 VL 453 IS 7195 BP 601 EP 602 DI 10.1038/453601a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 305NN UT WOS:000256185200029 PM 18509430 ER PT J AU Sakai, VG Maranas, JK Peral, I Copley, JRD AF Sakai, Victoria Garcia Maranas, Janna K. Peral, Inmaculada Copley, John R. D. TI Dynamics of PEO in blends with PMMA: Study of the effects of blend composition via quasi-elastic neutron scattering SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; OXIDE) POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; SOLID-STATE NMR; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; LOCAL DYNAMICS; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; POLY(VINYL METHYL-ETHER) AB We address the dynamic behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) [PEO] in miscible blends with poly(methyl methacrylate). [PMMA] by using quasi-elastic neutron scattering [QENS] with isotopic labeling. The data reveal two dynamic processes in the picosecond-nanosecond time scales: a slow process that is consistent with previous measurements of the segmental relaxation and a composition independent fast process occurring on the picosecond time scale. The composition dependence of the slow process differs from previous measurements, particularly at low PEO content. The fast process is similar to the fast process observed in pure polymers and is insensitive to blending with PMMA. Relaxation times extracted from Kolraush-Williarns-Watts [KWW] fits to the data are used to test the applicability of the chain connectivity and coupling models as a function of spatial scale. Both models describe slow process relaxation times within a small range of spatial scales near the Kuhn length of PEO. The effective concentration, when obtained as a fit parameter in chain connectivity model fits, is not a constant, but it decreases with increasing spatial scale. C1 [Sakai, Victoria Garcia; Maranas, Janna K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Peral, Inmaculada; Copley, John R. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peral, Inmaculada] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Maranas, JK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jmaranas@engr.psu.edu RI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/P-5298-2016 OI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/0000-0002-6994-1277 NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 27 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3701 EP 3710 DI 10.1021/ma0714870 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 303RK UT WOS:000256058000045 ER PT J AU Birdwell, AG Littler, CL Glosser, R Rebien, M Henrion, W Stauss, P Behr, G AF Birdwell, A. G. Littler, C. L. Glosser, R. Rebien, M. Henrion, W. Stauss, P. Behr, G. TI Evidence for an indirect gap in beta-FeSi(2) epilayers by photoreflectance spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MU-M; ABSORPTION; DISILICIDE AB Photoreflectance spectra obtained from epitaxial films of semiconducting beta-FeSi(2) exhibit complex line shapes resulting from a variety of optical transitions. While we have previously established a direct gap at 0.934 +/- 0.002 eV at 75 K, we find an additional weak structure at a lower energy. We attribute the origin of this spectral feature to indirect transitions assisted by the emission of a phonon. From our analysis, we determine an indirect gap energy of 0.823 +/- 0.002 eV at 75 K. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Birdwell, A. G.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Littler, C. L.] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Glosser, R.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Rebien, M.] Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Abt Photovoltaik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Behr, G.] Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RP Birdwell, AG (reprint author), 508 Lewis Canyon Lane, Mckinney, TX 75071 USA. EM gbirdwell@mac.com NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 21 AR 211901 DI 10.1063/1.2936076 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 307FI UT WOS:000256303500014 ER PT J AU Bedner, M Schantz, MM Sander, LC Sharpless, KE AF Bedner, Mary Schantz, Michele M. Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. TI Development of liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of phytosterols in Standard Reference Materials containing saw palmetto SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE saw palmetto; reference materials; dietary supplements; phytosterols; liquid chromatography ID REVERSED-PHASE; SPELTA L.; STEROLS; FOODS; QUANTIFICATION; STIGMASTEROL; TOCOPHEROLS; CHOLESTEROL; SITOSTEROL; EXTRACT AB Liquid chromatographic (LC) methods using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometric (APCI-MS) detection were developed for the separation and analysis of the phytosterols campesterol, cycloartenol, lupenone, lupeol, P-sitosterol, and stigmasterol. Brassicasterol and cholesterol were also included for investigation as internal standards. The methods were used to identify and quantify the phytosterols in each of two Serenoa repens (saw palmetto) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Values obtained by LC-MS were compared to those obtained using the more traditional approach of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. This is the first reported use of LC-MS to determine phytosterols in saw palmetto dietary supplement materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bedner, Mary; Schantz, Michele M.; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bedner, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 16 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 1192 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.020 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 305TM UT WOS:000256200700009 PM 18374927 ER PT J AU Reeves, JM Wilson, JC Brock, CA Bui, TP AF Reeves, J. M. Wilson, J. C. Brock, C. A. Bui, T. P. TI Comparison of aerosol extinction coefficients, surface area density, and volume density from SAGE II and in situ aircraft measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SULFURIC-ACID; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; NASA ER-2; POAM II; VALIDATION; TROPOSPHERE; HYGROMETER; ALGORITHM; INVERSION AB Aerosol size distributions measured in the lower stratosphere by the University of Denver's focused cavity aerosol size spectrometer (FCAS) were used to calculate aerosol extinction coefficients, surface area densities, and volume densities for comparison with the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II version 6.20 data products. Profiles from ten high-altitude aircraft flights, ranging approximately 8.5 to 20.5 km altitude, are compared with nearby SAGE II occultation events. Nine of the flights date from late 1995 through 1997, and one is from early 2004. Extinctions are found to agree within instrumental uncertainties except at 386 nm below 17 km, where the SAGE II values are systematically low despite their large errors. Above 12 km, where the comparisons are statistically significant, the SAGE II volume density is about 35% lower than the FCAS measurements, though just within combined uncertainties, while the SAGE II surface area density is low compared to FCAS by a factor of 1.5 to 3. The limitations of principal component analysis may account for up to two thirds of the discrepancy in surface area density. C1 [Reeves, J. M.; Wilson, J. C.] Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Reeves, JM (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Engn, 2390 S York St,Room 200, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM jreeves@du.edu RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D10 AR D10202 DI 10.1029/2007JD009357 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304VZ UT WOS:000256138500001 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC AF Johnson, Gregory C. TI Quantifying Antarctic Bottom Water and North Atlantic Deep Water volumes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMUM MULTIPARAMETER ANALYSIS; WORLD OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LABRADOR SEA; INDIAN-OCEAN; WEDDELL SEA; CIRCULATION; THERMOCLINE; TRANSPORTS AB A near-global census of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is essayed through a nonnegative least squares analysis of conservative and quasi-conservative seawater properties. AABW thickness generally decreases from south to north, modulated by ocean bathymetry. Likewise, NADW thickness generally decreases from north to south in the Atlantic Ocean. NADW dominates below the thermocline of the Atlantic Ocean at least as far south as the subtropical gyre of the South Atlantic, with a lesser, but still significant, influence around the entire Antarctic Circumpolar Current, in the Indian Ocean, and in the Pacific Ocean. However, in the Pacific and Indian oceans, AABW dominates below the thermocline. In addition, measurable quantities of AABW reach into the abyssal North Atlantic on both sides of the mid-Atlantic Ridge. The census results suggest that AABW occupies roughly twice the volume of NADW in the three main oceans, and that AABW is in contact with roughly twice the area of the deep main ocean floor compared with NADW. However, these results are somewhat sensitive to choices of water masses, their values of seawater properties, and the weightings of the seawater properties used in the analysis. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 37 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C5 AR C05027 DI 10.1029/2007JC004477 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 304WR UT WOS:000256140300005 ER PT J AU McAdoo, DC Farrell, SL Laxon, SW Zwally, HJ Yi, DH Ridout, AL AF McAdoo, David C. Farrell, Sinead Louise Laxon, Seymour W. Zwally, H. Jay Yi, Donghui Ridout, Andy L. TI Arctic Ocean gravity field derived from ICESat and ERS-2 altimetry: Tectonic implications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; ANOMALIES; RIDGE; GEOSAT; BASIN AB A new, detailed marine gravity field for the persistently ice-covered Arctic Ocean, derived entirely from satellite data, reveals important new tectonic features in both the Amerasian and Eurasian basins. Reprocessed Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) data collected by NASA's Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) between 2003 and 2005 have been combined with 8 years worth of retracked radar altimeter data from ESA's ERS-2 satellite to produce the highest available resolution gravity mapping of the entire Arctic Ocean complete to 86 degrees N. This ARCtic Satellite-only (ARCS) marine gravity field uniformly and confidently resolves marine gravity to wavelengths as short as 35 km. ARCS relies on a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)-only satellite gravity model at long (> 580 km) wavelengths and plainly shows tectonic fabric and numerous details imprinted in the Arctic seafloor, in particular, in the enigmatic Amerasian Basin (AB). For example, in the Makarov Basin portion of the AB, two north-south trending lineations are likely clues to the highly uncertain seafloor spreading history which formed the AB. C1 [McAdoo, David C.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Farrell, Sinead Louise; Laxon, Seymour W.; Ridout, Andy L.] UCL, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Yi, Donghui] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zwally, H. Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McAdoo, DC (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, 1335 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dave.mcadoo@noaa.gov; slf@cpom.ucl.ac.uk; swl@cpom.ucl.ac.uk; zwally@icesat2.gsfc.nasa.gov; doughui@icesat2.gsfc.nasa.gov; alr@cpom.ucl.ac.uk RI Laxon, Seymour/C-1644-2008; Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010 OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B5 AR B05408 DI 10.1029/2007JB005217 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 304XD UT WOS:000256141500002 ER PT J AU Stowe, MC Pe'er, A Ye, J AF Stowe, Matthew C. Pe'er, Avi Ye, Jun TI Control of four-level quantum coherence via discrete spectral shaping of an optical frequency comb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFERENCE; PULSES; SCHEME AB We present experiments demonstrating high-resolution and wide-bandwidth coherent control of a four-level atomic system in a diamond configuration. A femtosecond frequency comb is used to excite a specific pair of two-photon transitions in cold (87)Rb. The optical-phase-sensitive response of the closed-loop diamond system is studied by controlling the phase of the comb modes with a pulse shaper. Finally, the pulse shape is optimized resulting in a 256% increase in the two-photon transition rate by forcing constructive interference between the mode pairs detuned from an intermediate resonance. C1 [Stowe, Matthew C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stowe, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 20 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 20 AR 203001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.203001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 305VR UT WOS:000256206400019 PM 18518527 ER PT J AU Yatheendradas, S Wagener, T Gupta, H Unkrich, C Goodrich, D Schaffner, M Stewart, A AF Yatheendradas, Soni Wagener, Thorsten Gupta, Hoshin Unkrich, Carl Goodrich, David Schaffner, Mike Stewart, Anne TI Understanding uncertainty in distributed flash flood forecasting for semiarid regions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONCEPTUAL HYDROLOGIC MODEL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; RADAR HYDROLOGY; RUNOFF; IDENTIFICATION; CALIBRATION; ARIZONA; SOIL; EUTROPHICATION; METHODOLOGY AB Semiarid flash floods pose a significant danger for life and property in many dry regions around the world. One effective way to mitigate flood risk lies in implementing a real-time forecast and warning system based on a rainfall-runoff model. This study used a semiarid, physics-based, and spatially distributed watershed model driven by high-resolution radar rainfall input to evaluate such a system. The predictive utility of the model and dominant sources of uncertainty were investigated for several runoff events within the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed located in the southwestern United States. Sources of uncertainty considered were rainfall estimates, watershed model parameters, and initial soil moisture conditions. Results derived through a variance-based comprehensive global sensitivity analysis indicated that the high predictive uncertainty in the modeled response was heavily dominated by biases in the radar rainfall depth estimates. Key model parameters and initial model states were identified, and we generally found that modeled hillslope characteristics are more influential than channel characteristics in small semiarid basins. We also observed an inconsistency in the parameter sets identified as behavioral for different events, which suggests that model calibration to historical data is unlikely to consistently improve predictive performance for different events and that real-time parameter updating may be preferable. C1 [Yatheendradas, Soni] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gupta, Hoshin; Stewart, Anne] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Unkrich, Carl; Goodrich, David] USDA ARS, SWRC, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Schaffner, Mike] Natl Weather Serv, Binghamton Weather Foreacst Off, Johnson City, NY 13790 USA. RP Yatheendradas, S (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 801 Leroy Pl,MSEC, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM soni@nmt.edu RI Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 66 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 AR W05S19 DI 10.1029/2007WR005940 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 304XZ UT WOS:000256143700002 ER PT J AU Wu, H AF Wu, Hui TI Structure of ternary imide Li2Ca(NH)(2) and hydrogen storage mechanisms in amide-hydride system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID N-H SYSTEM; LITHIUM AMIDE; LIH; H-2 AB The crystal structure of the ternary imide Li2Ca(NH)(2) has been determined using neutron powder diffraction data on a deuterated sample. The structure consists of infinite layers of edge-shared Ca[NH](6) octahedra, which are separated by Li cations. The mobile Li+ ions in such two-dimensional channels defined by Ca[NH](6) octahedra layers are shown to have a great impact on the hydrogenation properties of the imide. Through detailed structural analysis on the products at various stages of desorption and absorption of the amide-hydride mixture, we proposed a dehydrogenation mechanism involving the mobile small ions in both amide and hydride and a hydrogen storage mechanism for the ternary imide. C1 [Wu, Hui] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8562, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 21 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 20 BP 6515 EP 6522 DI 10.1021/ja800300e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 300VU UT WOS:000255854100045 PM 18444640 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Hudson, LT Holland, GE Henins, A AF Seely, John F. Hudson, Lawrence T. Holland, Glenn E. Henins, Albert TI Enhanced x-ray resolving power achieved behind the focal circles of Cauchois spectrometers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; DIFFRACTION; LASER; SPECTROGRAPHY; TRANSMISSION; RADIATION; SPECTRA AB Maintaining high resolving power is a primary challenge in hard x-ray spectroscopy of newly developed bright and transient x-ray sources such as laser-produced plasmas. To address this challenge, the line widths in x-ray spectra with energies in the 17 keV to 70 keV range were recorded by positioning the detectors on and behind the focal circles of Cauchois type transmission-crystal spectrometers. To analyze and understand the observed line widths, we developed a geometrical model that accounts for source broadening and various instrumental broadening mechanisms. The x-ray sources were laboratory Mo or W electron-bombarded anodes, and the spectra were recorded on photostimulable phosphor image plates. For these relatively small x-ray sources, it was found that when the detector was placed on or near the focal circle, the line widths were dominated by the effective spatial resolution of the detector. When the detector was positioned beyond the focal circle, the line widths were determined primarily by source-size broadening. Moreover, the separation between the spectral lines increased with distance behind the focal circle faster than the line widths, resulting in increased resolving power with distance. Contributions to line broadenings caused by the crystal thickness, crystal rocking curve width, geometrical aberrations, and natural widths of the x-ray transitions were in all cases smaller than detector and source broadening, but were significant for some spectrometer geometries. The various contributions to the line widths, calculated using simple analytical expressions, were in good agreement with the measured line widths for a variety of spectrometer and source conditions. These modeling and experimental results enable the design of hard x-ray spectrometers that are optimized for high resolving power and for the measurement of the x-ray source size from the line widths recorded behind the focal circle. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.; Henins, Albert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Holland, Glenn E.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 15 BP 2767 EP 2778 DI 10.1364/AO.47.002767 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 312SQ UT WOS:000256691500004 PM 18493282 ER PT J AU Finn, RA Balogh, ML Zaritsky, D Miller, CJ Nichol, RC AF Finn, Rose A. Balogh, Michael L. Zaritsky, Dennis Miller, Christopher J. Nichol, Robert C. TI Mass and redshift dependence of star formation in relaxed galaxy clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; MORPHOLOGY-DENSITY RELATION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ALPHA LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; H-ALPHA; FORMATION RATES; STELLAR MASS; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT; TEMPERATURE RELATION AB We investigate the star formation properties of dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters as a function of cluster mass for 308 low-redshift clusters drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) C4 cluster catalog. It is important to establish if cluster star formation properties have a mass dependence before comparing clusters at different epochs, and here we use cluster velocity dispersion, sigma, as a measure of cluster mass. We select clusters with no significant substructure, a subset of the full C4 sample, so that velocity dispersion is an accurate tracer of cluster mass. We find that the total stellar mass, the number of star-forming galaxies, and total star formation rate scale linearly with the number of member galaxies, with no residual dependence on cluster velocity dispersion. With the mass-dependence of cluster star formation rates established, we compare the SDSS clusters with a sample of z similar or equal to 0.75 clusters from the literature and find that on average (correcting for the mass growth of clusters between the two redshifts) the total H alpha luminosity of the high-redshift clusters is 10 times greater than that of the low-redshift clusters. This can be explained by a decline in the H alpha luminosities of individual cluster galaxies by a factor of up to similar to 10 since z similar or equal to 0.75. The magnitude of this evolution is comparable to that of field galaxies over a similar redshift interval, and thus the effect of the cluster environment on the evolution of star-forming galaxies is at most modest. Our results suggest that the physical mechanism driving the evolution of cluster star formation rates is independent of cluster mass, at least for clusters with velocity dispersion greater than 450 km s(-1), and operates over a fairly long timescale such that the star formation rates of individual galaxies decline by an order of magnitude over similar to 7 billion years. C1 [Finn, Rose A.] Siena Coll, Dept Phys, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. [Balogh, Michael L.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3GI, Canada. [Zaritsky, Dennis] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Miller, Christopher J.] NOAA, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth P01 2EG, Hants, England. RP Finn, RA (reprint author), Siena Coll, Dept Phys, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. EM rfinn@siena.edu; mbalogh@uwaterloo.ca; dzaritsky@as.arizona.edu; cmiller@noao.edu; bob.nichol@port.ac.uk NR 77 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.1086/529402 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IX UT WOS:000255818600021 ER PT J AU Boersma, KF Jacob, DJ Eskes, HJ Pinder, RW Wang, J van der A, RJ AF Boersma, K. Folkert Jacob, Daniel J. Eskes, Henk J. Pinder, Robert W. Wang, Jun van der A, Ronald J. TI Intercomparison of SCIAMACHY and OMI tropospheric NO2 columns: Observing the diurnal evolution of chemistry and emissions from space SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LIGHTNING NOX; MODEL; FIRE; NM; DISTRIBUTIONS; RETRIEVALS; INSTRUMENT AB [1] Concurrent (August 2006) measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns from OMI aboard Aura (1330 local overpass time) and SCIAMACHY aboard Envisat (1000 local overpass time) offer an opportunity to examine the consistency between the two instruments under tropospheric background conditions and the effect of different observing times. For scenes with tropospheric NO2 columns < 5.0 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2), SCIAMACHY and OMI agree within 1.0-2.0 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2), consistent with the detection limits of both instruments. We find evidence for a low bias of 0.2 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2) in OMI observations over remote oceans. Over the fossil fuel source regions at northern midlatitudes, we find that SCIAMACHY observes up to 40% higher NO2 at 1000 local time (LT) than OMI at 1330 LT. Over biomass burning regions in the tropics, SCIAMACHY observes up to 40% lower NO2 columns than OMI. These differences are present in the spectral fitting of the data (slant column) and are augmented in the fossil fuel regions and dampened in the tropical biomass burning regions by the expected increase in air mass factor as the mixing depth rises from 1000 to 1330 LT. Using a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), we show that the 1000-1330 LT decrease in tropospheric NO2 column over fossil fuel source regions can be explained by photochemical loss, dampened by the diurnal cycle of anthropogenic emissions that has a broad daytime maximum. The observed 1000-1330 LT NO2 column increase over tropical biomass burning regions points to a sharp midday peak in emissions and is consistent with a diurnal cycle of emissions derived from geostationary satellite fire counts. C1 [Jacob, Daniel J.; Eskes, Henk J.; Wang, Jun] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pinder, Robert W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Pinder, Robert W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Boersma, K. Folkert; Eskes, Henk J.; van der A, Ronald J.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Boersma, KF (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM boersma@knmi.nl RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 NR 63 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16S26 DI 10.1029/2007JD008816 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304WD UT WOS:000256138900001 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, V Seo, DJ Koren, V AF Kuzmin, Vadim Seo, Dong-Jun Koren, Victor TI Fast and efficient optimization of hydrologic model parameters using a priori estimates and stepwise line search SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE automatic calibration; hydrologic model; a priori estimates; parametric uncertainty; stepwise line search; shuffled complex evolution ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; ASSIMILATION; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHM; BIAS AB Routine availability of hydrological, geological, and other physiographic data today allows us to obtain a priori estimates of hydrologic model parameters prior to explicit model calibration. When informative a priori estimates of model parameters are available, the problem of hydrologic model calibration becomes one of filtering, i.e. improving the a priori estimates based on observations of input and output to and from the hydrologic system, respectively, rather than one of bounded global optimization based solely on the input and output data as in traditional model calibration. Given that global optimization is computationally very expensive and does not, in general, transfer the spatial patterns of soil and land surface characteristics to the model parameters, the filtering approach is particularly appealing for automatic calibration of distributed hydrologic models. Toward that ultimate goal, we explore in this work calibration of a lumped hydrologic model via limited optimization of a priori estimates of the model parameters. The technique developed for the purpose is a simple yet effective and efficient pattern search algorithm called the Stepwise Line Search (SLS). To evaluate the methodology, calibration and validation experiments were performed for 20 basins in the US National Weather Service West Gulf River Forecast Center's (NWS/WGRFC) service area in Texas. We show that SLS locates the posterior parameter estimates very efficiently in the vicinity of the a priori estimates that are comparable, in terms of reducing the objective function value, to those from global minimization. A cross validation experiment indicates that, when parametric uncertainty due to lack of calibration data is considered, limited optimization of a priori parameters using SLS may be preferred to global optimization. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuzmin, Vadim] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Seo, Dong-Jun; Koren, Victor] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Visiting Sci Programs, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Kuzmin, V (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM v.kuzmin@civenv.unimelb.edu.au NR 60 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 353 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.02.001 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 300EA UT WOS:000255805900008 ER PT J AU Li, QL AF Li, Qiliang TI Hybrid silicon-molecular electronics SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Review DE molecular electronics; self-assembled monolayer; charge storage memory ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MULTIBIT INFORMATION-STORAGE; REDOX-ACTIVE MOLECULES; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; MEMORY APPLICATIONS; DEPENDENCE; PORPHYRINS; ATTACHMENT; SURFACES; DEVICES AB As CMOS technology extends beyond the current technology node, many challenges to conventional MOSFET were raised. Non-classical CMOS to extend and fundamentally new technologies to replace current CMOS technology are under intensive investigation to meet these challenges. The approach of hybrid silicon/molecular electronics is to provide a smooth transition technology by integrating molecular intrinsic scalability and diverse properties with the vast infrastructure of traditional MOS technology. Here we discuss: (1) the integration of redox-active molecules into Si-based structures, (2) characterization and modeling of the properties of these Si/molecular systems, (3) single and multiple states of Si/molecular memory, and (4) applications based on hybrid Si/molecular electronic system. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Li, Qiliang] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, QL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qli6@gmu.edu RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9849 J9 MOD PHYS LETT B JI Mod. Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1183 EP 1202 DI 10.1142/S0217984908016054 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 303LN UT WOS:000256042100001 ER PT J AU Roy, MD Stanley, SK Amis, EJ Becker, ML AF Roy, Marc D. Stanley, Scott K. Amis, Eric J. Becker, Matthew L. TI Identification of a highly specific hydroxyapatite-binding peptide using phage display SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; AMINO-ACIDS; SIDE-GROUPS; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; CALCIUM; SURFACE; CRYSTALLIZATION; ADSORPTION; NUCLEATION AB A peptide sequence SVSVGMKPSPRP that selectively recognizes hydroxyapatite (HA) is identified by using a phage display approach. The engineered sequence exhibits chemical and structural specificity for HA over calcium carbonate and HA's amorphous calcium phosphate precursor. In situ binding to HA in a tooth cross section further demonstrates the sequence specificity and utility in nondestructive imaging applications. C1 [Roy, Marc D.; Stanley, Scott K.; Amis, Eric J.; Becker, Matthew L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Becker, ML (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.becker@nist.gov NR 33 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 19 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1830 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200702322 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 314YY UT WOS:000256846300003 ER PT J AU Ro, HW Peng, H Niihara, KI Lee, HJ Lin, EK Karim, A Gidley, DW Jinnai, H Yoon, DY Soles, CL AF Ro, Hyun Wook Peng, Huagen Niihara, Ken-ichi Lee, Hae-Jeong Lin, Eric K. Karim, Alamgir Gidley, David W. Jinnai, Hiroshi Yoon, Do Y. Soles, Christopher L. TI Self-sealing of nanoporous low dielectric constant patterns fabricated by nanoimprint lithography SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY POROSIMETRY; LOW-K DIELECTRICS; THIN-FILMS; PORE-SIZE; COPOLYMERS; ANNIHILATION; TEMPLATES AB The cross-sectional TEM image shows that line-space patterns can be directly imprinted, with high fidelity, into highly porous spin-on organosilicate materials. This publication quantifies how the porosity and distribution of pores within the patterns are affected by the nanoimprint lithography processes, including evidence for a densified pattern surface. C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Lin, Eric K.; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peng, Huagen; Gidley, David W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Niihara, Ken-ichi; Jinnai, Hiroshi] Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. [Yoon, Do Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov RI Jinnai, Hiroshi/F-8456-2014 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 19 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1934 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200701994 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 314YY UT WOS:000256846300021 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Richter, CA Suehle, JS Gundlach, DJ AF Hamadani, B. H. Richter, C. A. Suehle, J. S. Gundlach, D. J. TI Insights into the characterization of polymer-based organic thin-film transistors using capacitance-voltage analysis SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THRESHOLD VOLTAGE; INTERFACE STATES; TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; CHARGE; OFETS AB Frequency dependent capacitance-voltage characteristics of organic thin-film transistors based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) as the active polymer layer are investigated. The frequency response of the channel capacitance in accumulation is examined through an analytical transmission line model, with the effect of contact resistances included in the model to account for deviations from ideal behavior. The model provides an excellent fit to the data. Furthermore, we show that the technique can be used to extract device parameters such as the mobility and the contact resistance and quantitative information on the influence of charge trapping on transport. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hamadani, B. H.; Richter, C. A.; Suehle, J. S.; Gundlach, D. J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov; david.gundlach@nist.gov RI Caironi, Mario/O-2745-2013 OI Caironi, Mario/0000-0002-0442-4439 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 20 AR 203303 DI 10.1063/1.2917523 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 305RX UT WOS:000256196600088 ER PT J AU Watson, SM Hauet, T Borchers, JA Mangin, S Fullerton, EE AF Watson, S. M. Hauet, T. Borchers, J. A. Mangin, S. Fullerton, Eric E. TI Interfacial magnetic domain wall formation in perpendicular-anisotropy, exchange-spring films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB Using magnetometry and polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR), we have mapped the reversal processes of the antiferromagnetically coupled, hard/soft system, TbFeCo/[Co/Pd(t(Pd))](15), with perpendicular anisotropy. The magnitude of the exchange coupling within the [Co/Pd] layer can be tuned by varying Pd thickness. Since PNR is insensitive to moments perpendicular to the plane, a scattering geometry with polarization parallel to the scattering vector was used to isolate in-plane magnetization components and characterize the behavior of a domain wall near the bilayer interface. Consistent with predictions from a micromagnetic calculation, the characteristics of the domain wall vary with field and exchange stiffness in the Co/Pd. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Watson, S. M.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hauet, T.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. [Mangin, S.] Nancy Univ, CNRS, LPM, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Fullerton, Eric E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Watson, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shannon.watson@nist.gov RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013; OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509; Mangin, stephane/0000-0001-6046-0437 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 20 AR 202507 DI 10.1063/1.2936836 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 305RX UT WOS:000256196600059 ER PT J AU Dmitrenko, IA Polyakov, IV Kirillov, SA Timokhov, LA Frolov, IE Sokolov, VT Simmons, HL Ivanov, VV Walsh, D AF Dmitrenko, Igor A. Polyakov, Igor V. Kirillov, Sergey A. Timokhov, Leonid A. Frolov, Ivan E. Sokolov, Vladimir T. Simmons, Harper L. Ivanov, Vladimir V. Walsh, David TI Toward a warmer Arctic Ocean: Spreading of the early 21st century Atlantic Water warm anomaly along the Eurasian Basin margins SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; MAKAROV; SLOPE AB We document through the analysis of 2002-2005 observational data the recent Atlantic Water (AW) warming along the Siberian continental margin due to several AW warm impulses that penetrated into the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait in 1999-2000. The AW temperature record from our long-term monitoring site in the northern Laptev Sea shows several events of rapid AW temperature increase totaling 0.8 degrees C in February-August 2004. We hypothesize the along-margin spreading of this warmer anomaly has disrupted the downstream thermal equilibrium of the late 1990s to earlier 2000s. The anomaly mean velocity of 2.4-2.5 +/- 0.2 cm/s was obtained on the basis of travel time required between the northern Laptev Sea and two anomaly fronts delineated over the Eurasian flank of the Lomonosov Ridge by comparing the 2005 snapshot along-margin data with the AW pre-1990 mean. The magnitude of delineated anomalies exceeds the level of pre-1990 mean along-margin cooling and rises above the level of noise attributed to shifting of the AW jet across the basin margins. The anomaly mean velocity estimation is confirmed by comparing mooring-derived AW temperature time series from 2002 to 2005 with the downstream along-margin AW temperature distribution from 2005. Our mooring current meter data corroborate these estimations. C1 [Dmitrenko, Igor A.; Polyakov, Igor V.; Simmons, Harper L.; Ivanov, Vladimir V.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kirillov, Sergey A.; Timokhov, Leonid A.; Frolov, Ivan E.; Sokolov, Vladimir T.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Walsh, David] Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. RP Dmitrenko, IA (reprint author), Univ Kiel, IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Wischhofstr 1-3,Build 4, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. EM idmitrenko@ifm-geomar.de; igor@iarc.uaf; dia@aari.nw.ru; ltim@aari.nw.ru; frolov@aari.nw.ru; svt@aari.nw.ru; hsimmons@iarc.uaf.edu; vivanov@iarc.uaf.edu; david.walsh@noaa.gov RI Ivanov, Vladimir/J-5979-2014 NR 24 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C5 AR C05023 DI 10.1029/2007JC004158 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 303SY UT WOS:000256062400001 ER PT J AU Toggweiler, JR AF Toggweiler, J. R. TI Origin of the 100,000-year timescale in Antarctic temperatures and atmospheric CO(2) SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID VOSTOK ICE CORE; CARBON-CYCLE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; PHANEROZOIC TIME; PLEISTOCENE; RECORD; DEGLACIATION; TERMINATION; MECHANISM AB A new mechanism is proposed to explain the 100,000-year timescale for variations in Antarctic temperatures and atmospheric CO(2) over the last 650,000 years. It starts with fluctuations in the oceanic overturning around Antarctica that release CO(2) up to the atmosphere or trap it in the deep ocean. Every 50,000 years one of these fluctuations coincides with a changeover in the burial of CaCO(3) in the deep ocean. The changeover alters the atmospheric pCO(2) in a way that augments the tendency of the overturning. The augmented overturning then enhances the tendency of the CaCO(3) burial, which augments the overturning, etc. In this way, an individual random fluctuation becomes one of the big transitions seen in the Antarctic ice cores. Alternating transitions toward the warm and cold states every 50,000 years produce the 100,000-year timescale. The 50,000-year time interval is set by the turnover time for CO(3)(=) ions in the ocean with respect to the CO(2)- induced weathering of silicate rocks and the burial of CaCO(3) on the seafloor. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Toggweiler, JR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM robbie.toggweiler@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAY 17 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 AR PA2211 DI 10.1029/2006PA001405 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 303TM UT WOS:000256063800001 ER PT J AU Fuks, I AF Fuks, Iosif TI Diffraction corrections to GO backscattering from a perfectly conducting 3-D rough surface SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KIRCHHOFF APPROXIMATION; ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTIONS; SCATTERING AB High-frequency radio wave diffraction by a perfectly conducting arbitrarily shaped smooth surface is considered analytically. The results of solving the integral equation for surface currents at a gentle surface, when multiple scattering and surface shadowing can be neglected, are presented. The diffraction corrections to GO values of the surface currents were obtained (up to the second order of the small parameter similar to 1/k, where k is the wave number of the incident EM wave) depending on the local angle of incidence, surface curvatures, and their space derivatives. It is shown that diffraction caused by the local surface curvature results not only in small corrections to the GO currents, but also gives rise to the surface current components orthogonal to those induced by the incident wave in the local GO limit. These general results are applied to the specific problem of backscattering from a Gaussian statistically rough surface at normal incidence. The diffraction corrections to the GO statistically averaged backscattering cross sections, HH/VV polarization ratio (which is equal to unity in the GO limit) and cross-polarization coefficient are obtained as functions of the 2nd (surface slope variances) and 4th (surface curvature variances) moments of the surface roughness power spectra. It is shown that diffraction results in the appearance of the cross-polarized component in the backscattered field, which is equal to zero in the GO limit. C1 [Fuks, Iosif] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuks, Iosif] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fuks, I (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway,R-PSD-99, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM iosif.fuks@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY 17 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 AR RS3003 DI 10.1029/2007RS003774 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 303TO UT WOS:000256064000001 ER PT J AU Froidevaux, L Jiang, YB Lambert, A Livesey, NJ Read, WG Waters, JW Fuller, RA Marcy, TP Popp, PJ Gao, RS Fahey, DW Jucks, KW Stachnik, RA Toon, GC Christensen, LE Webster, CR Bernath, PF Boone, CD Walker, KA Pumphrey, HC Harwood, RS Manney, GL Schwartz, MJ Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Cofield, RE Cuddy, DT Jarnot, RF Knosp, BW Perun, VS Snyder, WV Stek, PC Thurstans, RP Wagner, PA AF Froidevaux, L. Jiang, Y. B. Lambert, A. Livesey, N. J. Read, W. G. Waters, J. W. Fuller, R. A. Marcy, T. P. Popp, P. J. Gao, R. S. Fahey, D. W. Jucks, K. W. Stachnik, R. A. Toon, G. C. Christensen, L. E. Webster, C. R. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Walker, K. A. Pumphrey, H. C. Harwood, R. S. Manney, G. L. Schwartz, M. J. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Cofield, R. E. Cuddy, D. T. Jarnot, R. F. Knosp, B. W. Perun, V. S. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Thurstans, R. P. Wagner, P. A. TI Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder HCl measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; EOS MLS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; CHLORINE; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; RETRIEVAL; SATELLITE; PROFILES AB The Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite has provided daily global HCl profiles since August 2004. We provide a characterization of the resolution, random and systematic uncertainties, and known issues for the version 2.2 MLS HCl data. The MLS sampling allows for comparisons with many (similar to 1500 to more than 3000) closely matched profiles from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). These data sets provide HCl latitudinal distributions that are, overall, very similar to those from (coincident) MLS profiles, although there are some discrepancies in the upper stratosphere between the MLS and HALOE gradients. As found in previous work, MLS and ACE HCl profiles agree very well (within similar to 5%, on average), but the MLS HCl abundances are generally larger (by 10-20%) than HALOE HCl. The bias versus HALOE is unlikely to arise mostly from MLS, as a similar systematic bias (of order 15%) is not observed between average MLS and balloon-borne measurements of HCl, obtained over Fort Sumner, New Mexico, in 2004 and 2005. At the largest pressure (147 hPa) for MLS HCl, a high bias (similar to 0.2 ppbv) is apparent in analyses of low to midlatitude data versus in situ aircraft chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) HCl measurements from the Aura Validation Experiment (AVE) campaigns in 2004, 2005, and 2006; this bias is also observed in comparisons of MLS and aircraft HCl/O-3 correlations. Good agreement between MLS and CIMS HCl is obtained at 100 to 68 hPa. The recommended pressure range for MLS HCl is from 100 to 0.15 hPa. C1 [Froidevaux, L.; Jiang, Y. B.; Lambert, A.; Livesey, N. J.; Read, W. G.; Waters, J. W.; Fuller, R. A.; Stachnik, R. A.; Toon, G. C.; Christensen, L. E.; Webster, C. R.; Manney, G. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Daffer, W. H.; Drouin, B. J.; Cofield, R. E.; Cuddy, D. T.; Jarnot, R. F.; Knosp, B. W.; Perun, V. S.; Snyder, W. V.; Stek, P. C.; Thurstans, R. P.; Wagner, P. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Marcy, T. P.; Popp, P. J.; Gao, R. S.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marcy, T. P.; Popp, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jucks, K. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Pumphrey, H. C.; Harwood, R. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Froidevaux, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lucien.froidevaux@jpl.nasa.gov RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15S25 DI 10.1029/2007JD009025 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 303SQ UT WOS:000256061600002 ER PT J AU Shephard, MW Herman, RL Fisher, BM Cady-Pereira, KE Clough, SA Payne, VH Whiteman, DN Comer, JP Vomel, H Miloshevich, LM Forno, R Adam, M Osterman, GB Eldering, A Worden, JR Brown, LR Worden, HM Kulawik, SS Rider, DM Goldman, A Beer, R Bowman, KW Rodgers, CD Luo, M Rinsland, CP Lampel, M Gunson, MR AF Shephard, Mark W. Herman, Robert L. Fisher, Brendan M. Cady-Pereira, Karen E. Clough, Shepard A. Payne, Vivienne H. Whiteman, David N. Comer, Joseph P. Vomel, Holger Miloshevich, Larry M. Forno, Ricardo Adam, Mariana Osterman, Gregory B. Eldering, Annmarie Worden, John R. Brown, Linda R. Worden, Helen M. Kulawik, Susan S. Rider, David M. Goldman, Aaron Beer, Reinhard Bowman, Kevin W. Rodgers, Clive D. Luo, Mingzhao Rinsland, Curtis P. Lampel, Michael Gunson, Michael R. TI Comparison of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer nadir water vapor retrievals with in situ measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AURA MISSION; DRY BIAS; TES AB Comparisons of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) water vapor retrievals with in situ measurements are presented. Global comparisons of TES water vapor retrievals with nighttime National Centers for Environmental Prediction RS90/RS92 radiosondes show a small (<5%) moist bias in TES retrievals in the lower troposphere (standard deviation of similar to 20%), increasing to a maximum of similar to 15% bias (with standard deviation reaching similar to 40%) in the upper troposphere. This moist bias with respect to the sonde bias increases to a maximum of similar to 15% in the upper troposphere between similar to 300-200 hPa. The standard deviation in this region reaches values of similar to 40%. It is important to note that the TES reported water vapor comparison statistics are not weighted by the water vapor layer amounts. Global TES/radiosonde results are comparable with the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder reported unweighted mean of 25% and root-mean-square of similar to 55%. While such global comparisons help to identify general issues, inherent sampling errors and radiosonde measurement accuracy can limit the degree to which the radiosonde profiles alone can be used to validate satellite retrievals. In order to characterize the agreement of TES with in situ measurements in detail, radiance closure studies were performed using data from the Water Vapor Validation Experiment - Satellites/Sondes campaign from July 2006. Results indicate that estimated systematic errors from the forward model, TES measurements, in situ observations, retrieved temperature profiles, and clouds are likely not large enough to account for radiance differences between TES observations and forward model calculations using in situ profiles as input. Therefore, accurate validation of TES water vapor retrievals requires further campaigns with a larger variety of water vapor measurements that better characterize the atmospheric state within the TES field of view. C1 [Shephard, Mark W.; Cady-Pereira, Karen E.; Clough, Shepard A.; Payne, Vivienne H.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Herman, Robert L.; Fisher, Brendan M.; Osterman, Gregory B.; Eldering, Annmarie; Brown, Linda R.; Worden, Helen M.; Kulawik, Susan S.; Rider, David M.; Beer, Reinhard; Bowman, Kevin W.; Luo, Mingzhao; Gunson, Michael R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Whiteman, David N.; Comer, Joseph P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20740 USA. [Vomel, Holger] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miloshevich, Larry M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Forno, Ricardo] Univ Mayor de San Andres, La Paz 3165, Bolivia. [Adam, Mariana] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Goldman, Aaron] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Rodgers, Clive D.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Rinsland, Curtis P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lampel, Michael] Raytheon Tech Serv Co, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Shephard, MW (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM mshephar@aer.com RI Payne, Vivienne/D-9713-2012; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Adam, Mariana/C-5661-2013 OI Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15S24 DI 10.1029/2007JD008822 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 303SQ UT WOS:000256061600001 ER PT J AU Galloway, JN Townsend, AR Erisman, JW Bekunda, M Cai, ZC Freney, JR Martinelli, LA Seitzinger, SP Sutton, MA AF Galloway, James N. Townsend, Alan R. Erisman, Jan Willem Bekunda, Mateete Cai, Zucong Freney, John R. Martinelli, Luiz A. Seitzinger, Sybil P. Sutton, Mark A. TI Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: Recent trends, questions, and potential solutions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FUTURE; CONSEQUENCES; PERSPECTIVE; DEPOSITION; CLIMATE; CASCADE; SYSTEM AB Humans continue to transform the global nitrogen cycle at a record pace, reflecting an increased combustion of fossil fuels, growing demand for nitrogen in agriculture and industry, and pervasive inefficiencies in its use. Much anthropogenic nitrogen is lost to air, water, and land to cause a cascade of environmental and human health problems. Simultaneously, food production in some parts of the world is nitrogen-deficient, highlighting inequities in the distribution of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Optimizing the need for a key human resource while minimizing its negative consequences requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach and the development of strategies to decrease nitrogen-containing waste. C1 [Galloway, James N.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Erisman, Jan Willem] ECN, Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Bekunda, Mateete] Makerere Univ, Fac Agr, Kampala, Uganda. [Cai, Zucong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Freney, John R.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Martinelli, Luiz A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Cooperat Marine Educ &, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Sutton, Mark A.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Edinburgh Res Stn, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Galloway, JN (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jng@virginia.edu RI Freney, John/E-9462-2011; Martinelli, Luiz/F-7870-2011; Erisman, Jan Willem/C-6900-2008; Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Sutton, Mark/K-2700-2012; Galloway, James/C-2769-2013; OI Martinelli, Luiz/0000-0002-7103-7551; Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698; Freney, John/0000-0001-7545-6529 NR 40 TC 1557 Z9 1739 U1 208 U2 1559 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5878 BP 889 EP 892 DI 10.1126/science.1136674 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301AH UT WOS:000255868300031 PM 18487183 ER PT J AU Duce, RA LaRoche, J Altieri, K Arrigo, KR Baker, AR Capone, DG Cornell, S Dentener, F Galloway, J Ganeshram, RS Geider, RJ Jickells, T Kuypers, MM Langlois, R Liss, PS Liu, SM Middelburg, JJ Moore, CM Nickovic, S Oschlies, A Pedersen, T Prospero, J Schlitzer, R Seitzinger, S Sorensen, LL Uematsu, M Ulloa, O Voss, M Ward, B Zamora, L AF Duce, R. A. LaRoche, J. Altieri, K. Arrigo, K. R. Baker, A. R. Capone, D. G. Cornell, S. Dentener, F. Galloway, J. Ganeshram, R. S. Geider, R. J. Jickells, T. Kuypers, M. M. Langlois, R. Liss, P. S. Liu, S. M. Middelburg, J. J. Moore, C. M. Nickovic, S. Oschlies, A. Pedersen, T. Prospero, J. Schlitzer, R. Seitzinger, S. Sorensen, L. L. Uematsu, M. Ulloa, O. Voss, M. Ward, B. Zamora, L. TI Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MARINE DIAZOTROPH TRICHODESMIUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ORGANIC NITROGEN; DEPOSITION; FIXATION; PRODUCTIVITY; NUTRIENTS; SEA; DENITRIFICATION; TRENDS AB Increasing quantities of atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen entering the open ocean could account for up to about a third of the ocean's external (nonrecycled) nitrogen supply and up to similar to 3% of the annual new marine biological production, similar to 0.3 petagram of carbon per year. This input could account for the production of up to similar to 1.6 teragrams of nitrous oxide (N2O) per year. Although similar to 10% of the ocean's drawdown of atmospheric anthropogenic carbon dioxide may result from this atmospheric nitrogen fertilization, leading to a decrease in radiative forcing, up to about two-thirds of this amount may be offset by the increase in N2O emissions. The effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition are expected to continue to grow in the future. C1 [Duce, R. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Duce, R. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [LaRoche, J.; Langlois, R.; Oschlies, A.] Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Altieri, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Arrigo, K. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baker, A. R.; Liss, P. S.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Capone, D. G.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Cornell, S.] Univ Bristol, QUEST Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Dentener, F.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Galloway, J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Ganeshram, R. S.] John Murray Labs, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Geider, R. J.; Moore, C. M.] Univ Essex, Dept Biol Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. [Kuypers, M. M.] Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Liu, S. M.] Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Marine Chem Theory & Technol, Minist Educ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Middelburg, J. J.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, NL-4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands. [Nickovic, S.] World Meteorol Org, Atmospher Res & Environm Programme, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. [Pedersen, T.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Prospero, J.; Zamora, L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schlitzer, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Sorensen, L. L.] Univ Aarhus, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Uematsu, M.] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. [Ulloa, O.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Ctr Invest Oceanog, COPAS, Concepcion, Chile. [Ulloa, O.] Univ Concepcion, Nucl Milenio EMBA, Concepcion, Chile. [Voss, M.] Leibnitz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. [Ward, B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Duce, RA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rduce@ocean.tamu.edu RI Sorensen, Lise Lotte/M-5054-2016; Cornell, Sarah/A-6502-2011; Baker, Alex/D-1233-2011; Ulloa, Osvaldo/E-1821-2011; LaRoche, Julie/A-1109-2010; Oschlies, Andreas/F-9749-2012; Middelburg, Jack/B-4951-2011; Zamora, Lauren/E-6972-2011; LISS, Peter/A-8219-2013; Duce, Robert/A-9917-2010; Galloway, James/C-2769-2013; Cornell, Sarah/F-7003-2014; Altieri, Katye/M-5231-2014; OI Sorensen, Lise Lotte/0000-0002-9823-589X; Cornell, Sarah/0000-0003-4367-1296; Baker, Alex/0000-0002-8365-8953; Ulloa, Osvaldo/0000-0002-9501-5576; Oschlies, Andreas/0000-0002-8295-4013; Middelburg, Jack/0000-0003-3601-9072; Zamora, Lauren/0000-0002-0878-4378; Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698; Cornell, Sarah/0000-0003-4367-1296; Altieri, Katye/0000-0002-6778-4079; Voss, Maren/0000-0002-5827-9062; Langlois, Rebecca/0000-0002-8382-4448; Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160 NR 42 TC 402 Z9 422 U1 27 U2 265 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5878 BP 893 EP 897 DI 10.1126/science.1150369 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301AH UT WOS:000255868300032 PM 18487184 ER PT J AU Burkitt, WI Pritchard, C Arsene, C Henrion, A Bunk, D O'Connor, G AF Burkitt, William I. Pritchard, Caroline Arsene, Cristian Henrion, Andre Bunk, David O'Connor, Gavin TI Toward Systeme International d'Unite-traceable protein quantification: From amino acids to proteins SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE absolute protein quantification; SI-traceable; isotope dilution mass spectrometry; mass spectrometry and proteomics ID DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; HUMAN SERUM; QUANTITATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEOMICS AB Here we present a demonstration of the proof of principle that absolute concentration of a protein within a mixture of other proteins can be measured with SI traceability. The method used was based on tryptic digestion of a protein followed by quantification using double exact matching isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) of the peptides released. To provide full SI traceability to measurements of protein concentration we demonstrated a method of SI traceable peptide quantification in which the peptide standards used were quantified by an amino acid analysis method that incorporated double exact matching IDMS and amino acid standards of known purity. The concentration of the protein was therefore determined based upon the concentration of tryptic peptides, which in turn had been quantified based upon amino acid standards. This allowed fully SI-traceable measurements of protein concentration to be made. Important caveats in the implementation of this approach are also discussed and examples of how these can have detrimental effects on the measurements are shown. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Burkitt, William I.; Pritchard, Caroline; O'Connor, Gavin] LGC, Dept Bioorgan Mass Spectrometry, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. [Arsene, Cristian; Henrion, Andre] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Bunk, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burkitt, WI (reprint author), LGC, Dept Bioorgan Mass Spectrometry, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. EM william.burkitt@lgc.co.uk RI O'Connor, Gavin/D-9767-2016 OI O'Connor, Gavin/0000-0002-7812-6717 NR 19 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 376 IS 2 BP 242 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2008.02.010 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 291TP UT WOS:000255220000011 PM 18336784 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Lee, SK Enfield, DB AF Wang, Chunzai Lee, Sang-Ki Enfield, David B. TI Atlantic Warm Pool acting as a link between Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Atlantic tropical cyclone activity SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic warm pool; Atlantic multidecadal oscillation; Atlantic tropical cyclones; Atlantic hurricanes; climate variability ID MAJOR HURRICANE ACTIVITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE; RAINFALL; IMPACT; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY; PACIFIC AB Multidecadal variability of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity is observed to relate to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), a mode manifesting primarily in sea surface temperature (SST) in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic. In the low latitudes of the North Atlantic, a large body of warm water called the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) comprises the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the western tropical North Atlantic. AWP variability occurs on both interannual and multidecadal timescales as well as with a secular variation. The AWP multidecadal variability coincides with the signal of the AMO; that is, the warm (cool) phases of the AMO are characterized by repeated large (small) AWPs. Since the climate response to the North Atlantic SST anomalies is primarily forced at the low latitudes and the AWP is in the path of or a birthplace for Atlantic tropical cyclones, the influence of the AMO on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity may operate through the mechanism of the AWP-induced atmospheric changes. The AWP-induced changes related to tropical cyclones that we emphasize here include a dynamical parameter of tropospheric vertical wind shear and a thermodynamical parameter of convective instability. More specifically, an anomalously large (small) AWP reduces (enhances) the vertical wind shear in the hurricane main development region and increases (decreases) the moist static instability of the troposphere, both of which favor (disfavor) Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. This is the most plausible way in which the AMO relationship with Atlantic tropical cyclones can be understood. C1 [Wang, Chunzai; Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 NR 47 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q05V03 DI 10.1029/2007GC001809 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 303SA UT WOS:000256060000006 ER PT J AU Xiao, Y Gao, XG Gannot, G Emmert-Buck, MR Srivastava, S Wagner, PD Amos, MD Barker, PE AF Xiao, Yan Gao, Xiugong Gannot, Gallya Emmert-Buck, Michael R. Srivastava, Sudhir Wagner, Paul D. Amos, Michael D. Barker, Peter E. TI Quantitation of HER2 and telomerase biomarkers in solid tumors with IgY antibodies and nanocrystal detection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE IgY antibody; cancer biomarker; HER2; telomerase; quantum dots ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE HTERT; OVARIAN-CANCER; HENS; RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; YOLKS; TESTS AB In an effort to improve affinity biomarker validation in fixed patient tissue specimens, we have developed a novel quantum dot-based bioimaging system that utilizes chicken IgY antibody for high sensitivity and specificity relative quantitation of cancer proteins. Monospecific, polyclonal IgYs were generated against human HER2 and telomerase, and analytically validated for specificity by western blot and immunohistochemistry on tumor and normal cells and for relative affinity by layered peptide array (LPA). IgYs bound desired targets in cell lines and fixed tissues and showed greater affinity than commercial mammalian antibodies for both HER2 and telomerase proteins. In tissue microarray experiments, HER2 quantitation with IgY antibody and quantum dot imaging correlated well with chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), whereas telomerase quantitation suggested a trend toward correlation with prostate cancer Gleason Grade and differentiation. Although patient numbers were small, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of relative quantitation of cancer biomarkers with IgY and quantum dot fluorophores, and show promise for rigorous clinical validation in large patient cohorts. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIST, Div Biochem Sci, DNA Measurement Grp, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiao, Yan; Barker, Peter E.] NIST, Canc Biomarker Ref Lab, NCI EDRN, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiao, Yan] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Arlington, VA USA. [Gao, Xiugong] Translab, Clarksburg, MD USA. [Gannot, Gallya; Emmert-Buck, Michael R.] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Pathol Lab, Pathogenet Unit, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gannot, Gallya; Emmert-Buck, Michael R.] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Urol Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Srivastava, Sudhir; Wagner, Paul D.] NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Canc Biomarker Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Xiao, Y (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, DNA Measurement Grp, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yan.xiao@nist.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-45016] NR 22 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 122 IS 10 BP 2178 EP 2186 DI 10.1002/ijc.23320 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 288JQ UT WOS:000254983100002 PM 18214859 ER PT J AU Landsea, CW Glenn, DA Bredemeyer, W Chenoweth, M Ellis, R Gamache, J Hufstetler, L Mock, C Perez, R Prieto, R Sanchez-Sesma, J Thomas, D Woolcock, L AF Landsea, Christopher W. Glenn, David A. Bredemeyer, William Chenoweth, Michael Ellis, Ryan Gamache, John Hufstetler, Lyle Mock, Cary Perez, Ramon Prieto, Ricardo Sanchez-Sesma, Jorge Thomas, Donna Woolcock, Lenworth TI A reanalysis of the 1911-20 Atlantic hurricane database SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WIND FIELDS; TROPICAL CYCLONE WINDS; REGIONAL IMPACTS; ANDREW LANDFALL; SOUTH FLORIDA; NEW-ENGLAND; INTENSITY; LANDSCAPE; PRESSURE; SPEEDS AB A reanalysis of the Atlantic basin tropical storm and hurricane database ("best track") for the period of 1911-20 has been completed. This reassessment of the main archive for tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico was necessary to correct systematic biases and random errors in the data as well as to search for previously unrecognized systems. A methodology for the reanalysis process for revising the track and intensity of tropical cyclone data is provided in detail. The dataset now includes several new tropical cyclones, excludes one system previously considered a tropical storm, makes Generally large alterations in the intensity estimates of most tropical cyclones (both toward stronger and weaker intensities), and typically adjusts existing tracks with minor corrections. Average errors in intensity and track values are estimated for both open ocean conditions as well as for landfalling systems. Finally, highlights are given for changes to the more significant hurricanes to impact the United States, Central America, and the Caribbean for this decade. C1 [Landsea, Christopher W.; Bredemeyer, William; Gamache, John; Hufstetler, Lyle; Woolcock, Lenworth] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Glenn, David A.] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS USA. [Bredemeyer, William; Hufstetler, Lyle; Woolcock, Lenworth] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Ellis, Ryan] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Mock, Cary] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Perez, Ramon] Inst Meteorol, Havana, Cuba. [Prieto, Ricardo; Sanchez-Sesma, Jorge] Mexican Inst Water Technol IMTA, Jiutepec, Mexico. [Thomas, Donna] CBS 4, Miami, FL USA. RP Landsea, CW (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, TPC, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chris.landsea@noaa.gov RI Gamache, John/A-9702-2014 OI Gamache, John/0000-0001-5624-0378 NR 73 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2138 EP 2168 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1119.1 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306QA UT WOS:000256261700010 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Zhang, Q Schemm, JKE L'Heureux, M Seo, KH AF Kumar, Arun Zhang, Qin Schemm, J. -K. E. L'Heureux, Michelle Seo, K. -H. TI An assessment of errors in the simulation of atmospheric interannual variability in uncoupled AGCM simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; MODEL SIMULATIONS; SST ANOMALIES; NORTH-AMERICA; PRECIPITATION; SUMMER; CIRCULATION; PACIFIC; GCM AB For the uncoupled atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations, the quantification of errors due to the lack of coupled ocean-atmospheric evolution on the characteristics of the atmospheric interannual variability is important for various reasons including the following: 1) AGCM simulations forced with specified SSTs continue to be used for understanding atmospheric interannual variability and 2) there is a vast knowledge base quantifying the global atmospheric influence of tropical SSTs that traditionally has relied on the analysis of AGCM-alone simulations. To put such results and analysis in a proper context, it is essential to document errors that may result from the lack of a coupled ocean-atmosphere evolution in the AGCM-alone integrations. Analysis is based on comparison of tier-two (or uncoupled) and coupled hindcasts for the 1982-2005 period, and interannual variability for the December-February (DJF) seasonal mean is analyzed. Results indicate that for the seasonal mean variability, and for the DJF seasonal mean, atmospheric interannual variability between coupled and uncoupled simulations is similar. This conclusion is drawn from the analysis of interannual variability of rainfall and 200-mb heights and includes analysis of SST-forced interannual variability, analysis of El Nino and La Nina composites, and a comparison of hindcast skill between tier-two and coupled hindcasts. C1 [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhang, Qin] RSIS Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Seo, K. -H.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan, South Korea. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov RI L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013 OI L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2204 EP 2217 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1743.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306QA UT WOS:000256261700013 ER PT J AU Hu, AX Otto-Bliesner, BL Meehl, GA Han, WQ Morrill, C Brady, EC Briegleb, B AF Hu, Aixue Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. Meehl, Gerald A. Han, Weiqing Morrill, Carrie Brady, Esther C. Briegleb, Bruce TI Response of thermohaline circulation to freshwater forcing under present-day and LGM conditions SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; BERING STRAIT THROUGHFLOW; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL OCEAN; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ARCTIC CIRCULATION; COUPLED MODEL; SYSTEM MODEL AB Responses of the thermohaline circulation (THC) to freshwater forcing (hosing) in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean under present-day and the last glacial maximum (LGM) conditions are investigated using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model versions 2 and 3. Three sets of simulations are analyzed, with each set including a control run and a freshwater hosing run. The first two sets are under present-clay conditions with an open and closed Bering Strait. The third one is under LGM conditions, which has a closed Bering Strait. Results show that the THC nearly collapses in all three hosing runs when the freshwater forcing is turned on. The full recovery of the THC, however, is at least a century earlier in the open Bering Strait run than the closed Bering Strait and LGM runs. This is because the excessive freshwater is diverged almost equally toward north and south from the subpolar North Atlantic when the Bering Strait is open. A significant portion of the freshwater flowing northward into the Arctic exits into the North Pacific via a reversed Bering Strait Throughflow, which accelerates the THC recovery. When the Bering Strait is closed, this Arctic to Pacific transport is absent and freshwater can only be removed through the southern end of the North Atlantic. Together with the surface freshwater excess clue to precipitation, evaporation, river runoff, and melting ice in the closed Bering Strait experiments after the hosing, the removal of the excessive freshwater takes longer, and this slows the recovery of the THC. Although the background conditions are quite different between the present-day closed Bering Strait run and the LGM run, the THC responds to the freshwater forcing added in the North Atlantic in a very similar manner. C1 [Hu, Aixue; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Meehl, Gerald A.; Brady, Esther C.; Briegleb, Bruce] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80021 USA. [Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, NOAA, NCDC Paleoclimatol Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hu, AX (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80021 USA. EM ahu@ucar.edu RI Hu, Aixue/E-1063-2013; OI Hu, Aixue/0000-0002-1337-287X; Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 NR 81 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2239 EP 2258 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1985.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306QA UT WOS:000256261700015 ER PT J AU Carson, M Harrison, DE AF Carson, Mark Harrison, D. E. TI Is the upper ocean warming? Comparisons of 50-year trends from different analyses SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WORLD OCEAN; TEMPERATURE AB There is great interest in World Ocean temperature trends, yet the historical global ocean database has very uneven coverage in space and time. Previous work on 50-yr upper ocean temperature trends from the NOAA ocean data archive is extended here. Trends at depths from 50 to 1000 in are examined, based on observations gridded over larger regions than in the earlier study. Despite the use of larger grid boxes, most of the ocean does not have significant 50-yr trends at the 90% confidence level (CL). In fact only 30% of the ocean at 50 m has 90% CL trends, and the percentage decreases significantly with increasing depth. As noted in the previous study, there is much spatial structure in 50-yr trends, with areas of strong warming and strong cooling. These trend results are compared with trends calculated from data interpolated to standard levels and from a highly horizontally interpolated version of the dataset that has been used in previous heat content trend studies. The regional trend results can differ substantially, even in the areas with statistically significant trends. Trends based on the more interpolated analyses show more warming. Together with major temporal and spatial sampling limitations, the previously described strong interdecadal and spatial variability of trends makes it very difficult to formally estimate uncertainty in World Ocean averages, but these results suggest that upper ocean heat content integrals and integral trends may be substantially more uncertain than has yet been acknowledged. Further exploration of uncertainties is needed. C1 [Carson, Mark; Harrison, D. E.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carson, Mark; Harrison, D. E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harrison, D. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Carson, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mark.carson@noaa.gov RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2259 EP 2268 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2002.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306QA UT WOS:000256261700016 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Reynolds, RW Peterson, TC Lawrimore, J AF Smith, Thomas M. Reynolds, Richard W. Peterson, Thomas C. Lawrimore, Jay TI Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880-2006) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; SEA-ICE; PART I; URBAN; CLIMATE; SST; LATE-19TH-CENTURY AB Observations of sea surface and land-near-surface merged temperature anomalies are used to monitor climate variations and to evaluate climate simulations; therefore, it is important to make analyses of these data as accurate as possible. Analysis uncertainty occurs because of data errors and incomplete sampling over the historical period. This manuscript documents recent improvements in NOAA's merged global surface temperature anomaly analysis, monthly, in spatial 5 degrees grid boxes. These improvements allow better analysis of temperatures throughout the record, with the greatest improvements in the late nineteenth century and since 1985. Improvements in the late nineteenth century are due to improved tuning of the analysis methods. Beginning in 1985, improvements are due to the inclusion of bias-adjusted satellite data. The old analysis (version 2) was documented in 2005, and this improved analysis is called version 3. C1 [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR,SCSD, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, CICS, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reynolds, Richard W.; Peterson, Thomas C.; Lawrimore, Jay] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR,SCSD, 4114 CSS Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 31 TC 1528 Z9 1633 U1 18 U2 136 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2283 EP 2296 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2100.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306QA UT WOS:000256261700018 ER PT J AU Cao, CY Xiong, XX Wu, AH Wu, XQ AF Cao, Changyong Xiong, Xiaoxiong Wu, Aisheng Wu, Xiangqian TI Assessing the consistency of AVHRR and MODIS L1B reflectance for generating fundamental climate data records SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; SOLSPEC SPECTROMETER; INFRARED CHANNELS; CALIBRATION; ATLAS; NM AB Satellite detection of the global climate change signals as small as a few percent per decade in albedo critically depends on consistent and accurately calibrated Level 1B (L1B) data or Fundamental Climate Data Records (FCDRs). Detecting small changes in signal over decades is a major challenge not only to the retrieval of geophysical parameters from satellite observations, but more importantly to the current state-of-the-art calibration, since such small changes can easily be obscured by erroneous variations in the calibration, especially for instruments with no onboard calibration, such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Without dependable FCDRs, its derivative Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDRs) are bound to produce false trends with questionable scientific value. This has been increasingly recognized by more and more remote sensing scientists. In this study we analyzed the consistency of calibrated reflectance from the operational L1B data between AVHRR on NOAA-16 and -17 and between NOAA-16/AVHRR and Aqua/MODIS, based on Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) observation time series. Analyses suggest that the NOAA-16 and -17/AVHRR operationally calibrated reflectance became consistent two years after the launch of NOAA-17, although they still differ by 9% from the MODIS reflectance for the 0.63 mm band. This study also suggests that the SNO method has reached a high level of relative accuracy (similar to 1.5%) for estimating the consistency for both the 0.63 and 0.84 mm bands between AVHRRs, and a 0.9% relative accuracy between AVHRR and MODIS for the 0.63 mm band. It is believed that the methodology is applicable to all historical AVHRR data for improving the calibration consistency, and work is in progress generating FCDRs from the nearly 30 years of AVHRR data using the SNO and other complimentary methods. A more consistent historical AVHRR L1B data set will be produced for a variety of geophysical products including aerosol, vegetation, cloud, and surface albedo to support global climate change detection studies. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Wu, Xiangqian] Off Res & Applicat, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wu, Aisheng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Explorat Directorate Code 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), Off Res & Applicat, NOAA, NESDIS, E RA1,Room 810,WWB,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 19 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D9 AR D09114 DI 10.1029/2007JD009363 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 303SL UT WOS:000256061100004 ER PT J AU Yost, DC Schibli, TR Ye, J AF Yost, D. C. Schibli, T. R. Ye, Jun TI Efficient output coupling of intracavity high-harmonic generation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; FREQUENCY COMBS; LASER-PULSES; CAVITY; METROLOGY; DYNAMICS; GRATINGS; FIELDS AB We demonstrate a novel technique for coupling extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) harmonic radiation out of a femtosecond enhancement cavity. We use a small-period diffraction grating etched directly into the surface of a dielectric mirror. For the fundamental light, this element acts as a high reflector. For harmonic wavelengths, it acts as a diffraction grating, coupling XUV radiation out of the cavity. Using this method, we observed the third through twenty-first odd harmonics with a dramatic increase in usable power over previous results of high-harmonic generation at high repetition rates. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Yost, D. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yost, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dylan.yost@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 20 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1099 EP 1101 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001099 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 310HW UT WOS:000256520500022 PM 18483525 ER PT J AU De Paepe, B Ignatov, A Dewitte, S Ipe, A AF De Paepe, Bart Ignatov, Alexander Dewitte, Steven Ipe, Alessandro TI Aerosol retrieval over ocean from SEVIRI for the use in GERB Earth's radiation budget analyses SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosol optical depth; SEVIRI; cloud screening; direct radiative effect ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; OPTICAL DEPTH; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; PART I; SATELLITE; CLOUDS; AVHRR; DISTRIBUTIONS; REFLECTANCE; SENSITIVITY AB To study the effect of aerosols on the Earth's radiation budget (ERB), the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB) has integrated spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements over the ocean from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Scanner (SEVIRI) into its Geostationary Earth's Radiation Budget, or GERB, processing system referred to as the RGP. Aerosols affect the ERB both directly (when radiation interacts with an aerosol particle) and indirectly (when aerosols act as cloud condensation nuclei). Quantifying the indirect effect is challenging as it requires accurate aerosol retrievals in the close proximity to clouds, where aerosol retrievals may be biased due to leakages from the cloud mask (CM). The initial focus of the RGP project was on the direct effect using confidently clear scenes. A single channel CM exploiting the SEVIRI temporal sampling was developed at the RMIB for the use in the RGP project. In this study, that single channel mask was evaluated against two multi-channel CMs, one from the Meteorological Products Extraction Facility (MPEF) at the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), and the other from the Satellite Application Facility for Supporting NoWCasting and Very Short Range Forecasting (SAFNWC), respectively. The NOAA/NESDIS Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) single channel aerosol algorithm was adjusted to SEVIRI spectral bands and consistently applied to the pixels identified as cloud-free. The aerosol products corresponding to the three CMs were compared, and the RMIB CM was found to be sufficiently accurate and conservative, for RGP applications. Comparisons with independent AODs derived from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra and Aqua satellites show that the RMIB CM-based SEVIRI aerosol product compares well with its MODIS counterpart. However, a small fraction of cloud-contaminated pixels may still remain in the SEVIRI AOD imagery, chiefly within one to two SEVIRI pixels of the cloud boundary, thus limiting its use for indirect forcing studies. Also, the RMIB CM may screen high AOD non-dust aerosol events (e.g., smoke from biomass burning) as cloud. The potential of the new SEVIRI aerosol product is illustrated by generating 9 km-resolution seasonal maps of AODs and Angstrom Exponents, and by using the GERB radiative flux measurements for a preliminary quick assessment of the direct aerosol forcing. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [De Paepe, Bart; Dewitte, Steven; Ipe, Alessandro] Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, Dept Observat, Sect Remote Sensing Space, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Ignatov, Alexander] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [De Paepe, Bart; Dewitte, Steven] Vrije Univ Brussels, Fac Engn, Brussels, Belgium. RP De Paepe, B (reprint author), Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, Dept Observat, Sect Remote Sensing Space, Bldg B,Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM bart.depaepe@oma.be RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2455 EP 2468 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.11.005 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 293YG UT WOS:000255370700041 ER PT J AU West, JE O'Neill, SM Ylitalo, GM AF West, James E. O'Neill, Sandra M. Ylitalo, Gina M. TI Spatial extent, magnitude, and patterns of persistent organochlorine pollutants in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) populations in the Puget Sound (USA) and Strait of Georgia (Canada) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PCBs; DDTs; hexachlorobenzene; pacific herring; persistent organic pollutants; puget sound; Strait of Georgia ID SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; DOGFISH SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; FOOD-WEB; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; TROPHIC POSITION; FEEDING ECOLOGY AB We examined the geographic distribution and magnitude of three persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Pacific herring, representing three populations from Puget Sound, Washington State, USA and three from the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada and Washington State). We measured PCBs, DDTs and DDT isomers, and hexachlorobenzene in whole herring using high performance liquid chromatography, which provided a relatively inexpensive estimation of total PCBs, including the most commonly encountered congeners, and DDT isomers. Puget Sound herring were 3 to 9 times more contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) compared to Strait of Georgia herring and 1.5 to 2.5 times more contaminated with DDTs. Hexachlorobenzene levels were low in all samples, relative to PCBs and DDTs, and one Strait of Georgia population (Cherry Point) had significantly lower HCB levels than the rest. A multidimensional scaling map of the pattern or "fingerprint" of POPs in the six herring populations suggests strong environmental segregation of Puget Sound herring from the Strait of Georgia populations, and isolation of all Strait of Georgia populations from each other. This segregation likely resulted from differential exposure to contaminants, related to where these populations reside and feed, rather than differences in their age, size, trophic level, or lipid content. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [West, James E.; O'Neill, Sandra M.] Washington State Dept Fis & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP West, JE (reprint author), Washington State Dept Fis & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM westjew@dfw.wa.gov; oneilsmo@dfw.wa.gov; gina.ylitalo@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 394 IS 2-3 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.12.027 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290UP UT WOS:000255148300018 PM 18314160 ER PT J AU Roy, MD Herzing, AA Lacerda, SHDP Becker, ML AF Roy, Marc D. Herzing, Andrew A. Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli Becker, Matthew L. TI Emission-tunable microwave synthesis of highly luminescent water soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; CDTE; PRECURSOR; GROWTH; ROUTE; PHASE; SHELL AB Water soluble CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles with emission maxima from 511 nm to 596 nm and quantum efficiencies ranging from 11% to 28% are synthesized in a facile two-step method in ambient atmospheric conditions using a commercially available microwave reactor. C1 [Roy, Marc D.; Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli; Becker, Matthew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Becker, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mlbecker@nist.gov RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 IS 18 BP 2106 EP 2108 DI 10.1039/b800060c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 294SL UT WOS:000255425800004 PM 18438483 ER EF