FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ozkaynak, H Palma, T Touma, JS Thurman, J AF Oezkaynak, Haluk Palma, Ted Touma, Jawad S. Thurman, James TI Modeling population exposures to outdoor sources of hazardous air pollutants SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air toxics; commuting; hazardous air pollutants; microenvironment; modeling; population exposure; time-activity ID DAILY MORTALITY; POLLUTION; INDOOR; PARTICULATE; ASSOCIATION; CALIFORNIA; BENZENE; TOXICS AB Accurate assessment of human exposures is an important part of environmental health effects research. However, most air pollution epidemiology studies rely upon imperfect surrogates of personal exposures, such as information based on available central-site outdoor concentration monitoring or modeling data. In this paper, we examine the limitations of using outdoor concentration predictions instead of modeled personal exposures for over 30 gaseous and particulate hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the US. The analysis uses the results from an air quality dispersion model (the ASPEN or Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide model) and an inhalation exposure model (the HAPEM or Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model, Version 5), applied by the US. Environmental protection Agency during the 1999 National Air Toxic Assessment (NATA) in the US. Our results show that the total predicted chronic exposure concentrations of outdoor HAPs from all sources are lower than the modeled ambient concentrations by about 20% on average for most gaseous HAPs and by about 60% on average for most particulate HAPs (mainly, due to the exclusion of indoor sources from our modeling analysis and lower infiltration of particles indoors). On the other hand, the HAPEM/ASPEN concentration ratio averages for on road mobile source exposures were found to be greater than 1 (around 1.20) for most mobile-source related HAPs (e.g. 1, 3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, benzene, formaldehyde) reflecting the importance of near-roadway and commuting environments on personal exposures to HAPs. The distribution of the ratios of personal to ambient concentrations was found to be skewed for a number of the VOCs and reactive HAPs associated with major source emissions, indicating the importance of personal mobility factors. We conclude that the increase in personal exposures from the corresponding predicted ambient levels tends to occur near locations where there are either major emission sources of HAPs or when individuals are exposed to either on-or nonroad sources of HAPs during their daily activities. These findings underscore the importance of applying exposure-modeling methods, which incorporate information on time-activity, commuting, and exposure factors data, for the purposes of assigning exposures in air pollution health studies. C1 [Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Palma, Ted; Thurman, James] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Touma, Jawad S.] US EPA, Nat Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modelling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ozkaynak, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ozkaynak.haluk@epa.gov NR 29 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500612 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 243TR UT WOS:000251820700005 PM 17878926 ER PT J AU Narum, SR Hatch, D Talbot, AJ Moran, P Powell, MS AF Narum, S. R. Hatch, D. Talbot, A. J. Moran, P. Powell, M. S. TI Iteroparity in complex mating systems of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iteroparity; mating systems; Oncorhynchus mykiss; semelparity; sex ratio ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SOCKEYE-SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; RAINBOW-TROUT; EVOLUTION; FISHES AB This study investigated diverse reproductive types in complex mating systems of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss. Postspawned steelhead (kelts) were sampled during attempted downstream migration over Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, U.S.A. Multilocus microsatellite genotypes (14 loci) were used to assign unknown origin, kelt individuals to upstream populations of origin. Results indicated that iteroparity is a life-history trait that remains in several tributaries of the Snake River basin despite strong selection against downstream adult passage because of hydroelectric dams. The largest populations of steelhead in the Snake River, however, were only weakly represented (Clearwater River = 7.5% and Salmon River = 9.4%, respectively) in the kelt steelhead mixture relative to the Grande Ronde River (18.2%), Imnaha River (17.4%), Pahsimeroi Hatchery (25.2%) and Asotin Creek (22.2%). A lack of correlation between population escapement size and kelt proportions (P > 0.05) suggests that iteroparity was not uniformly expressed across populations, but was significantly negatively correlated with body size (P < 0.05). Iteroparity may be a valuable source of genetic variability and a conservation priority, especially in years with poor recruitment or in recently bottlenecked populations. (C) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Columbia River Inter Tribal Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Hatch, D.; Talbot, A. J.] Columbia River Inter Tribal Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Moran, P.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Ctr, Montlake Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Powell, M. S.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Salmonid & Freshwater Species Risk, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Narum, SR (reprint author), Columbia River Inter Tribal Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM nars@critfc.org RI Powell, Madison/H-7050-2014 OI Powell, Madison/0000-0002-1851-3168 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01649.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256FM UT WOS:000252713100003 ER PT J AU Fey, DP Hare, JA AF Fey, D. P. Hare, J. A. TI Fluctuating asymmetry in the otoliths of larval Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) - a condition indicator? SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic menhaden; condition; fluctuating asymmetry; larval fish; otoliths ID DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; NORTH-CAROLINA; FISH OTOLITHS; GROWTH; SIZE; AGE; MORTALITY; HISTORY AB Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was described for otolith length, width and area for two groups of larval and juvenile Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus. The larvae and juveniles (age range: 20-120 days; standard length, L-S, range: 14-35 mm) were separated into the two distinct groups a priori on the basis of their growth indices estimated from residuals of a L-S-at-age model; slow growers had residuals < 8% of the average size at age and fast growers had residuals > 8%. Some indication supporting the fluctuating asymmetry methodology was found when unsigned normalized FA2 index was used for otolith area. That conclusion was not, however, supported by the other method used in this work, i.e. between-group ANCOVA analysis of individual unsigned and not normalized FA1 indices plotted against trait size. These inconsistent results are most probably a consequence of error introduced during FA index normalization (accounting for trait size effect on absolute FA). Although it is concluded here that FA analysis of sagittal otoliths was not effective in describing differences in the natural variability of growth and condition of larval Atlantic menhaden, the possible species- and otolith type-related differences should be considered in the future research on FA. (C) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Sea Fisheries Res Inst, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland. [Hare, J. A.] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Fey, DP (reprint author), Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Ul Kollataja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland. EM dfey@mir.gdynia.pl RI Fey, Dariusz/B-1962-2013 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01684.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256FM UT WOS:000252713100008 ER PT J AU Hill, CR Kline, MC Coble, MD Butler, JM AF Hill, Carolyn R. Kline, Margaret C. Coble, Michael D. Butler, John M. TI Characterization of 26 miniSTR loci for improved analysis of degraded DNA samples SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; DNA typing; DNA profiling; degraded DNA; short tandem repeats; STR; miniSTR; D1GATA113E02; D1S1627; D1S1677; D2S441; D2S1776; D3S3053; D3S4529; D4S2364; D4S2408; D5S2500; D6S474; D6S1017; D8S1115; D9S1122; D9S2157; D10S1248; D10S1435; D11S4463; D12ATA63A05; D14S1434; D17S974; D17S1301; D18S853; D20S482; D20S1082; D22S1045 ID ALLELE FREQUENCIES; STIR LOCI AB An additional 20 novel mini-short tandem repeat (miniSTR) loci have been developed and characterized beyond the six previously developed by our laboratory for a total of 26 non-CODIS miniSTR markers. These new markers produce short PCR products in the target range of 50-150 base pairs (bp) by moving the primer sequences as close as possible-often directly next to the identified repeat region. These candidate loci were initially screened based on their small amplicon sizes and locations on chromosomes currently unoccupied by the 13 CODIS STR loci or at least 50 Mb away from them on the same chromosome. They were sequenced and evaluated across more than 600 samples, and their population statistics were determined. The heterozygosities of the new loci were compared with those of the 13 CODIS loci and all were found to be comparable. Only five of the new loci had lower values than the CODIS loci; however, all of these were much smaller in size. This data suggests that these 26 miniSTR loci will serve as useful complements to the CODIS loci to aid in the forensic analysis of degraded DNA, as well as missing persons work and parentage testing with limited next-of-kin reference samples. C1 [Hill, Carolyn R.; Kline, Margaret C.; Coble, Michael D.; Butler, John M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hill, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM becky.hill@nist.gov RI Coble, Michael/E-7540-2010; Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 19 TC 63 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00595.x PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 262AM UT WOS:000253121400015 PM 18005005 ER PT J AU Wang, XW Xie, HJ Sharif, H Zeitler, J AF Wang, Xianwei Xie, Hongjie Sharif, Hatim Zeitler, Jon TI Validating NEXRAD MPE and stage III precipitation products for uniform rainfall on the Upper Guadalupe River Basin of the Texas Hill Country SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEXRAD; stage III; MPE; rain gauge; precipitation evaluation ID REPRESENTATIVENESS ERRORS; UNITED-STATES; RADAR; VERIFICATION; VARIANCE; BIASES; MODEL; GAGE AB This study examines the performance of the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) and Stage III precipitation products, using a high-density rain gauge network located on the Upper Guadalupe River Basin of the Texas Hill Country. As point-area representativeness error of gauge rainfall is a major concern in assessment of radar rainfall estimation this study develops a new method to automatically select uniform rainfall events based on coefficient of variation criterion of 3 by 3 radar cells. Only gauge observations of those uniform rainfall events are used as ground truth to evaluate radar rainfall estimation. This study proposes a new parameter probability of rain detection (POD) instead of the conditional probability of rain detection (CPOD) commonly used in previous studies to assess the capability that a radar or gauge detects rainfall. Results suggest that: (1) gauge observations of uniform rainfall better represent ground truth of a 4 x 4 km(2) radar cell than non-uniform rainfall; (2) the MPE has higher capability of rain detection than either gauge-only or Stage III; (3) the MPE has much higher linear correlation and lower mean relative difference with gauge measurements than the Stage III does; (4) the Stage III tends to overestimate precipitation (20%), but the MPE tends to underestimate (7%). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xianwei; Xie, Hongjie] Univ Texas San Antonio, Lab Remote Sensing & Geoinformat, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Sharif, Hatim] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zeitler, Jon] Austin San Antonio Weather Forecast Off, NOAA NWS, New Braunfels, TX USA. RP Wang, XW (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Lab Remote Sensing & Geoinformat, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM Hongiie.Xie@utsa.edu RI Xie, Hongjie/B-5845-2009; Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010; Wang, Xianwei/E-2146-2011 OI Xie, Hongjie/0000-0003-3516-1210; NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 348 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.057 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 254BX UT WOS:000252562500007 ER PT J AU Xiao, SJ Khan, MH Shen, H Qi, MH AF Xiao, Shijun Khan, Maroof H. Shen, Hao Qi, Minghao TI Silicon-on-insulator microring add-drop filters with free spectral ranges over 30 nm SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron-beam lithography; integrated optical devices; microring add-drop filters; microring resonators; microstructure fabrication; photonic integrated circuits; silicon-on-insulator ID WAVE-GUIDES; RESONATORS; FABRICATION; LOSSES; BENDS AB We demonstrate highly compact optical add-drop filters based on silicon-on-insulator microring resonators. The microring resonators have a,small radius of 2.5 mu m and a very large free spectral range similar to 32 nm at the 1.55 mu m communication band. The propagation loss in such small micoring resonators was experimentally determined and shown to be extremely important in designing microring add-drop filters with low add-drop crosstalk, low drop loss, and maximally flat drop passband. For box-like channel dropping responses, second-order optical add-drop filters with two coupled microring resonators are designed and demonstrated, and the simulation matches well with the experiment. Devices were patterned with electron-beam lithography. Two fabrication procedures utilizing different polarity of resists were introduced and compared, and the process with negative resist resulted in much smaller sidewall roughness of waveguides, thus reducing the propagation loss in microring resonators. C1 [Xiao, Shijun; Khan, Maroof H.; Shen, Hao; Qi, Minghao] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Xiao, Shijun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Xiao, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sxiao@boulder.nist.gov; mhkhan@purdue.edu; shen17@purdue.edu; mqi@purdue.edu RI Shen, Hao/D-4144-2012 NR 13 TC 60 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1109/JLT.2007.911098 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 265WC UT WOS:000253391500030 ER PT J AU Lipphardt, BL Poje, AC Kirwan, AD Kantha, L Zweng, M AF Lipphardt, B. L., Jr. Poje, A. C. Kirwan, A. D., Jr. Kantha, L. Zweng, M. TI Death of three Loop Current rings SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WARM-CORE RING; WESTERN GULF; DATA ASSIMILATION; CURRENT EDDY; LAGRANGIAN OBSERVATIONS; ANTICYCLONIC RING; GEOSAT ALTIMETRY; CIRCULATION; MODEL AB The life cycle of large anticyclonic rings in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is widely described by pinch off from the Loop Current, migration across the Gulf and eventual spin down along the western slope. Extensive observational and modeling efforts provide a relatively consistent picture of rings pinching off from the Loop Current and of complex interaction between anticyclones and cyclones driven by bathymetry along the western and northwestern shelf. The observational record for Loop Current rings (LCRs) during the intermediate period of westward translation is less clear. A number of studies recognize distinct anomalies in LCR characteristics in deep water as the rings enter the western Gulf near 92-94W. These include abrupt changes in the geometry of observed drifter trajectories and derived eddy parameter fits as well as changes in both ring translation speeds and the estimated rate of ring decay. Such observations are consistent with intense interaction and mass exchange between the rings and other coherent mesoscale features known to be present in the western Gulf. We test the hypothesis that interactions with the ambient mesoscale field can lead to rapid loss of coherence of some LCRs well before they reach the 'eddy graveyard' in the western Gulf. We use the data-assimilating, eddy-resolving numerical GOM model described by Kantha et al. (2005) to assess the fates of readily identified LCRs Fourchon, Juggernaut, and Millenium during the period July 1998 to August 200). Lagrangian metrics, including relative dispersion of small drifter clusters seeded in the ring cores, analysis of evolving blobs seeded in the ring cores, and finite-scale Lyapunov exponents, are used to track model ring evolution. These metrics clearly show that interactions with existing mesoscale cyclones and anticyclones caused Fourchon and Juggernaut to break up near 92W on advective time scales. In addition, Millenium also experienced an intense deformation, stirring, and mixing episode near 92W. Blob Studies showed that the core fluid of Millenium was ultimately dispersed over much of the western basin. Our results show that some LCRs may break LIP through interactions with existing western Gulf cyclones and anticyclones prior to reaching the western slope. C1 [Lipphardt, B. L., Jr.; Kirwan, A. D., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Poje, A. C.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Math, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Kantha, L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zweng, M.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lipphardt, BL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM brucel@udel.edu NR 83 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 25 EP 60 PG 36 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 324EK UT WOS:000257500300002 ER PT J AU Gindhart, AM Lind, C Green, M AF Gindhart, Amy M. Lind, Cora Green, Mark TI Polymorphism in the negative thermal expansion material magnesium hafnium tungstate SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; ZRW2O8; PATTERNS; LATTICES; PROGRAM AB Magnesium hafnium tungstate [MgHf(WO4)(3)] was synthesized by high-energy ball milling followed by calcination. The material was characterized by variable-temperature neutron and x-ray diffraction. It crystallized in space group P2(1)/a below 400 K and transformed to an orthorhombic structure at higher temperatures. The orthorhombic polymorph adopted space group Pnma, instead of the Pnca structure commonly observed for other A(2)(MO4)(3) materials (A = trivalent metal, M = Mo, W). In contrast, the monoclinic polymorphs appeared to be isostructural. Negative thermal expansion was observed in the orthorhombic phase with alpha(a) = -5.2 x 10(-6) K-1, alpha(b) = 4.4 x 10(-6) K-1, alpha(c) = -2.9 x 10(-6) K-1, alpha(v) = -3.7 x 10(-6) K-1, and alpha(1) = -1.2 x 10(-6) K-1. The monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition was accompanied by a smooth change in unit-cell volume, indicative of a second-order phase transition. C1 [Gindhart, Amy M.; Lind, Cora] Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Green, Mark] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, Mark] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lind, C (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM cora.lind@utoledo.edu RI Lind, Cora/K-3595-2013 OI Lind, Cora/0000-0002-8138-3562 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0013 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250HS UT WOS:000252291200029 ER PT J AU Patrick, HJ Attota, R Barnes, BM Germer, TA Dixson, RG Stocker, MT Silver, RM Bishop, MR AF Patrick, Heather J. Attota, Ravikiran Barnes, Bryan M. Germer, Thomas A. Dixson, Ronald G. Stocker, Michael T. Silver, Richard M. Bishop, Michael R. TI Optical critical dimension measurement of silicon grating targets using back focal plane scatterfield microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE optical critical dimension; scatterometry; microscopy; semiconductors; back focal plane; conscopic imaging ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; LINE-PROFILE; METROLOGY; SCATTEROMETRY; IMPLEMENTATION; REFLECTANCE AB We demonstrate optical critical dimension measurement of lines in silicon grating targets using back focal plane scatterfield microscopy. In this technique, angle-resolved diffraction signatures are obtained from grating targets by imaging the back focal plane of a bright-field microscope that has been modified to allow selection of the angular distribution and polarization of the incident illumination. The target line profiles, including critical dimension linewidth and sidewall angle, are extracted using a scatterometry method that compares the diffraction signatures to a library of theoretical signatures. Because we use the zero-order component of the diffraction, the target features need not be resolved in order to obtain the line profile. We extracted line profiles from two series of targets with fixed pitch but varying linewidth: a subresolution 300-nm-pitch series, and a resolved 600-nm-pitch series. Linewidths of 131 nm to 139 nm were obtained, with nanometer-level sensitivity to linewidth, and a linear relationship of linewidth obtained from scatterfield microscopy to linewidth measured by scanning electron microscopy was demonstrated. Conventional images can be easily collected on the same microscope, providing a powerful tool for combining imaging metrology with scatterometry for optical critical dimension measurement. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Patrick, Heather J.; Attota, Ravikiran; Barnes, Bryan M.; Germer, Thomas A.; Dixson, Ronald G.; Stocker, Michael T.; Silver, Richard M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patrick, Heather J.; Attota, Ravikiran] KT Consulting Inc, Antioch, CA 94509 USA. [Bishop, Michael R.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM heather.patrick@nist.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 AR 013012 DI 10.1117/1.2885275 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 293WL UT WOS:000255366000013 ER PT J AU Shigeno, S Sasaki, T Moritaki, T Kasugai, T Vecchione, M Agata, K AF Shigeno, Shuichi Sasaki, Takenori Moritaki, Takeya Kasugai, Takashi Vecchione, Michael Agata, Kiyokazu TI Evolution of the cephalopod head complex by assembly of multiple molluscan body parts: Evidence from Nautilus embryonic development SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolution; homology; squid; brain; transcription factor; engrailed ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SQUID TODARODES-PACIFICUS; HOX GENES; ENGRAILED EXPRESSION; IDIOSEPIUS-PARADOXUS; FOSSIL CEPHALOPODS; PYGMY CUTTLEFISH; SHELL; ORIGIN; ORGANIZATION AB Cephalopod head parts are among the most complex occurring in all invertebrates. Hypotheses for the evolutionary process require a drastic body-plan transition in relation to the life-style changes from benthos to active nekton. Determining these transitions, however, has been elusive because of scarcity of fossil records of soft tissues and lack of some of the early developmental stages of the basal species. Here we report the first embryological evidence in the nautiloid cephalopod Nautilus pompilius for the morphological development of the head complex by a unique assembly of multiple archetypical molluscan body parts. Using a specialized aquarium system, we successfully obtained a series of developmental stages that enabled us to test previous controversial scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the embryonic organs exhibit body plans that are primarily bilateral and antero-posteriorly elongated at stereotyped positions. The distinct cephalic compartment, foot, brain cords, mantle, and shell resemble the body plans of monoplacophorans and basal gastropods. The numerous digital tentacles of Nautilus develop from simple serial and spatially-patterned bud-like anlagen along the anterior-posterior axis, indicating that origins of digital tentacles or arms of all other cephalopods develop not from the head but from the foot. In middle and late embryos, the primary body plans largely change to those of juveniles or adults, and finally form a "head" complex assembled by anlagen of the foot, cephalic hood, collar, hyponome (funnel), and the foot-derived epidermal covers. We suggest that extensions of the collar-funnel compartment and free epidermal folds derived from multiple topological foot regions may play an important role in forming the head complex, which is thought to be an important feature during the body plan transition. C1 [Shigeno, Shuichi; Agata, Kiyokazu] RIKEN, Ctr Dev Biol, Grp Evolutionary Regenerat Biol, Chuo Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500047, Japan. [Sasaki, Takenori] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Moritaki, Takeya] Toba Aquarium, Toba, Mie 5178517, Japan. [Kasugai, Takashi] Port Nagoya Publ Aquarium, Minato Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4550033, Japan. [Vecchione, Michael] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Shigeno, S (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Neurobiol Pharmacol & Physiol, 947E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM sshigeno@uchicago.edu OI Agata, Kiyokazu/0000-0002-5195-2576 NR 86 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 269 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1002/jmor.10564 PG 17 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 249AF UT WOS:000252198000001 PM 17654542 ER PT J AU Grobelny, J Pradeep, N Kim, DI AF Grobelny, Jaroslaw Pradeep, Namboodiri Kim, Doo-In TI Estimation of contact area of nanoparticles in chains using continuum elastic contact mechanics SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Contact mechanics; Adhesion; Contact area; Nanomechanics; Nanomaterials; Simulation ID JKR-DMT TRANSITION; SURFACE-ENERGY; MICROSCOPY; ADHESION; FORCE; MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; MENISCUS; ALLOYS; AFM AB The key challenge to understand the nanomechanical behavior of nanoparticle chain aggregates (NCA) is strongly dependent on accurate determination of the contact area between individual particles. Experimental determination of the contacting radius is extremely difficult and often not reliable. We present calculations based on elastic contact mechanics models, that predict the contact radii of nanoparticles. The model considers important parameters, such as the particle size, the elastic property of the materials and the effect of humidity that intervenes between the contacts. Calculations carried out for four selected materials show that there is a large difference between the radii of contacts formed in vacuum and in ambient conditions. In vacuum, the surface energy of the material is higher compared to that in ambient condition and the contact formation is dominated by the strong interactions between the surfaces. In ambient condition, the contact is dominated by the Laplace pressure due to the condensed water meniscus between the contacts. Calculations presented in this article show that the contact radius between nanoparticles depends on materials properties and the environment. C1 [Grobelny, Jaroslaw; Pradeep, Namboodiri; Kim, Doo-In] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grobelny, Jaroslaw] Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. RP Grobelny, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jgrobel@uni.lodz.pl OI Grobelny, Jaroslaw/0000-0003-2648-2186 FU Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway; EEA Financial Mechanism and Foundation for Polish Science - Homing Program FX One of the authors (J. Grobelny) was partially supported by a grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism and Foundation for Polish Science - Homing Program. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PY 2008 VL 10 SU 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s11051-008-9434-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 404QA UT WOS:000263166900016 ER PT J AU McMichael, E Seminoff, J Carthy, R AF McMichael, Erin Seminoff, Jeffrey Carthy, Raymond TI Growth rates of wild green turtles, Chelonia mydas, at a temperate foraging habitat in the northern Gulf of Mexico: assessing short-term effects of cold-stunning on growth SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE growth; cold-stunning; stranding; temperature; body condition index ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CARETTA-CARETTA L; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; MARINE TURTLES; FLORIDA; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; LAGOON AB There are multiple factors that may determine individual and population growth rates and understanding the impact of extrinsic factors, such as temperature, is important for successful recovery plan stock assessment and modelling. In January 2001 and January 2003, cold-stunning events occurred along the northern Gulf of Mexico, in St Joseph Bay, Florida. In this study we examine the short-term effects of decreased water temperatures and repeated cold-stunning events on the growth of juvenile green turtles in northwest Florida. There were no significant effects of number of cold-stunning events on growth, although turtles stunned twice tended to grow slower than non-stunned turtles. This is the first study to provide information on the growth rates of green turtles in the northern Gulf of Mexico and it is the first examination of the effects of cold-stunning on growth in any sea turtle population. C1 [McMichael, Erin; Carthy, Raymond] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP McMichael, E (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM emcmich@hotmail.com FU Natural Resources Division of Eglin Air Force Base; Florida Marine Turtle; AWARE Foundation FX We would like to thank the many individuals involved in field assistance during this project. We would also like to thank the numerous people involved in logistical support including those from the Natural Resources Division of Eglin Air Force Base, Cape San Blas Site D3, and St Joseph Peninsula State Park. We are grateful for advice and support provided by M. Lamont, and D. Bagley, and for assistance from M. Chaloupka. We are extremely grateful to A. Foley, T. Redlow, K. Singel, T. Summers, and the many volunteers and organizations that participated in recovering, rehabilitating and releasing cold-stunned turtles from St Joseph Bay. Financial support was provided by the Natural Resources Division of Eglin Air Force Base, the Florida Marine Turtle Grant, and Project AWARE Foundation. All research was performed under the authorization of NMFS Permit No. 1299, and Florida Marine Turtle Permit No. 094. All animal handling was in accordance with University of Florida IACUC Project No. A621. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 43-44 BP 2793 EP 2807 DI 10.1080/00222930802357335 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378PO UT WOS:000261336600007 ER PT J AU Harvey, AH Burgess, DR AF Harvey, Allan H. Burgess, Donald R., Jr. TI Editorial: Greetings from the new co-editors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Harvey, Allan H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway,Mailcode 838-08, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM aharvey@boulder.nist.gov; dburgess@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 DI 10.1063/1.2827989 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 270VN UT WOS:000253748400001 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, JE AF Sansonetti, J. E. TI Wavelengths, transition probabilities, and energy levels for the spectra of potassium (K I through K XIX) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review ID HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS; 2SM2PN-2SM-12PN&1 INTERSYSTEM TRANSITIONS; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; BE-LIKE IONS; LI-LIKE IONS; N = 2; CARBON ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; FORBIDDEN NEBULAR LINES; ALLOWED 3-3 TRANSITIONS; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS AB Energy levels, with classifications and uncertainties, have been compiled for the spectra of the neutral atom and all positive ions of potassium (Z=19). Wavelengths with classifications, intensities, and transition probabilities are also tabulated. In addition, ground states and ionization energies are listed. For many ionization stages experimental data are available; however for those for which only theoretical calculations or fitted values exist, these are reported. (c) 2008 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sansonetti, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 210 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 7 EP 96 DI 10.1063/1.2789451 PG 90 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 270VN UT WOS:000253748400002 ER PT J AU Ilyushin, V Kleiner, I Lovas, FJ AF Ilyushin, V. Kleiner, I. Lovas, F. J. TI Microwave spectra of molecules of astrophysical interest. XXVI. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE acetic acid; internal rotation; interstellar molecule; microwave spectrum; radio astronomy; rotational transitions ID MILLIMETER WAVE SPECTRUM; INTERNAL-ROTATION; METHANOL; CORES AB The microwave spectrum of acetic acid is critically reviewed and supplemented with spectral frequency calculations derived from the rotation-torsion analysis. A simultaneous analysis of the torsional ground state, nu(t)=0, and first and second torsionally excited states, nu(t)=1 and 2, was carried out using the so-called "rho axis method." The primary objective of this review is to provide radio astronomers with complete spectral coverage over the 1-400 GHz range for the ground and nu(t)=1 states, covering rotational quantum numbers J <= 30 and parallel to K-a parallel to <= 15. (c) 2008 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilyushin, V.] NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Kleiner, I.] CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Kleiner, I.] Univ Paris 07, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Kleiner, I.] Univ Paris 12, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Lovas, F. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ilyushin, V (reprint author), NASU, Inst Radio Astron, Chervonoproparna 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM francis.lovas@nist.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 97 EP 265 DI 10.1063/1.2815328 PG 169 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 270VN UT WOS:000253748400003 ER PT J AU Kelleher, DE Podobedova, LI AF Kelleher, D. E. Podobedova, L. I. TI Atomic transition probabilities of sodium and magnesium. A critical compilation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE atomic spectra; energy levels; ions; line strengths; magnesium; oscillator strengths; sodium; transition probabilities; uncertainties ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; MG; IONS; BEAM; NE AB This compilation is the first in a series of updates to a critical compilation published in 1969 [W. L. Wiese, M. W. Smith, and B. M. Miles, Atomic Transition Probabilities, Vol. II: Sodium through Calcium, NSRDS-NBS Vol. 2 (U.S. GPO, Washington, D.C., 1969)]. Atomic transition probabilities have been critically evaluated and compiled for about 11 400 spectral lines of sodium and magnesium (nuclear charge Z=11-12, respectively). The cited values and their estimated uncertainties are based on our consideration of all available theoretical and experimental literature sources. All ionization stages (except for hydrogenic) are covered, and the data are presented in separate tables for each atom and ion. Separate listings are given for "allowed" (electric dipole) transitions, on the one hand, and for "forbidden" (magnetic dipole plus electric and magnetic quadrupole) transitions, on the other. In each spectrum, lines are grouped into multiplets which are arranged in order of ascending lower and upper-level energies, respectively. For each line, the emission transition probability A(ki), the line strength S, and (for allowed lines) the absorption oscillator strength f(ik) are given, together with the spectroscopic designation, the wavelength, the statistical weights, and the energy levels of the lower and upper states. The estimated relative uncertainties of the line strength are also indicated, as are the source citations. We introduce a statistical method that we use to estimate these uncertainties for most of the cited transition rates. We only include those lines whose transition rates are deemed sufficiently accurate to qualify as reference values. Short introductions precede the tables for each ion. The general introduction contains a discussion of the principal criteria for our judgments and our method of data selection and evaluation. (c) 2008 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.. C1 [Kelleher, D. E.; Podobedova, L. I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelleher, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.kelleher@nist.gov; larissa.podobedova@nist.gov NR 16 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 267 EP 706 DI 10.1063/1.2735328 PG 440 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 270VN UT WOS:000253748400004 ER PT J AU Kelleher, DE Podobedova, LI AF Kelleher, D. E. Podobedova, L. I. TI Atomic transition probabilities of aluminum. A critical compilation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE aluminum; atomic spectra; energy levels; ions; line strengths; oscillator strengths; relative uncertainties; transition probabilities ID BE-LIKE IONS; MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; MAGNESIUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; PAULI ENERGY-LEVELS; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; LITHIUM-LIKE IONS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; OPACITY CALCULATIONS AB This compilation is the second in a series of updates to Atomic Transition Probabilities, Sodium through Calcium, published in 1969 by Wiese [Atomic Transition Probabilities, Vol. II, Vol. II: Sodium through Calcium, NSROS-NBS Vol. 2 (U.S. GPO, Washington, D.C., 1969)]. Atomic transition probabilities have been critically evaluated and compiled for about 5000 spectral lines of aluminum (nuclear charge Z=13). The cited values and their estimated uncertainties are based on our consideration of all available theoretical and experimental literature sources. All ionization stages (except for hydrogenic) are covered, and the data are presented in separate tables for each atom and ion. Separate listings are given for "allowed" (electric dipole) and "forbidden" (magnetic dipole plus electric and magnetic quadrupole) transitions. In each spectrum, lines are grouped into multiplets which are arranged in order of ascending lower- and upper-level energies, respectively. For each line, the emission transition probability A(ki), the line strength S, and (for allowed lines) the absorption oscillator strength f(ik) are given, together with the spectroscopic designation, the wavelength, the statistical weights, and the energy levels of the lower and upper states. The estimated relative uncertainties of the line strength are also indicated, as are the source citations. We include only those lines whose transition rates are deemed sufficiently accurate to qualify as reference values. Short introductions precede the tables for each ion. (C) 2008 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All right reserved. C1 [Kelleher, D. E.; Podobedova, L. I.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelleher, DE (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.kelleher@nist.gov; larissa.podobedova@nist.gov NR 75 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 709 EP 911 DI 10.1063/1.2734564 PG 203 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 305TB UT WOS:000256199600001 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, JE AF Sansonetti, J. E. TI Wavelengths, transition probabilities, and energy levels for the spectra of rubidium (Rb I through Rb XXXVI) (vol 35, pg 301, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Correction C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sansonetti, JE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jean.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 1183 EP 1183 DI 10.1063/1.2904462 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 305TB UT WOS:000256199600007 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Wang, CZ AF Lee, Sang-Ki Wang, Chunzai TI Tropical Atlantic decadal oscillation and its potential impact on the equatorial atmosphere-ocean dynamics: A simple model study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WARM WATER FORMATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MERIDIONAL MODES; PACIFIC; PREDICTABILITY; CIRCULATION; FEEDBACK; ESCAPE; DIPOLE AB Simple coupled atmosphere-ocean models are used to study the potential influence of the tropical Atlantic Ocean decadal oscillation on the equatorial Atlantic atmosphere-ocean dynamics. Perturbing the model tropical Atlantic at the extratropics (25 degrees-30 degrees) with a decadal frequency, interhemispheric SST dipole mode emerges due to the wind-evaporation-SST feedback. Near the equator, a cross-equatorial oceanic gyre develops owing to the dipole-induced wind stress curl. Once formed, this oceanic gyre transports surface water across the equator from the cold to the warm hemisphere in the western boundary region and from the warm to the cold hemisphere in the Sverdrup interior. Interestingly, this occurs during both the positive and negative phases of the dipole oscillation, thus producing a persistent positive zonal SST gradient along the equator. Bjerknes-type feedback later kicks in to further strengthen the equatorial SST anomaly. Eventually, this feature grows to a quasi-stationary stage sustaining the equatorial westerly wind anomalies, thus also causing the depression (uplift) of the equatorial thermocline in the east (west), a condition similar to the Atlantic Ni (n) over tildeo. The dynamic relationship between the dipole SST oscillation and the equatorial thermocline suggests that a strengthening (weakening) of the dipole mode corresponds to a weakening (strengthening) of the equatorial thermocline slope. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sang-ki.lee@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 193 EP 212 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3450.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 257AW UT WOS:000252772600012 ER PT J AU Pappas, DP Halloran, ST Owings, RR da Silva, FCS AF Pappas, D. P. Halloran, S. T. Owings, R. R. da Silva, F. C. S. TI Development of a thin film magnetic moment reference material SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGM; magnetic reference material; magnetic thin film; magnetometer; SQUID; VSM AB In this paper we present the development of a magnetic moment reference material for low moment magnetic samples. We first conducted an inter-laboratory comparison to determine the most useful sample dimensions and magnetic properties for common instruments such as vibrating sample magnetometers (VSM), SQUIDs, and alternating gradient field magnetometers. The samples were fabricated and then measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Their magnetic moments were calibrated by tracing back to the NIST YIG sphere, SRM 2853. C1 [Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Halloran, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Magnet & Quantum Mat Grp, Quantum Elect Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [da Silva, F. C. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pappas, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.pappas@nist.gov; fabio.dasilva@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 113 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.6028/jres.113.002 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 299AJ UT WOS:000255727900001 PM 27096108 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL AF Gaigalas, Adolfas K. Wang, Lili TI Measurement of the fluorescence quantum yield using a spectrometer with an integrating sphere detector SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absolute quantum yield; fluorescence; integrating sphere; spectrophotometer ID STANDARDS; WATER AB A method is proposed for measuring the fluorescence quantum yield (QY) using a commercial spectrophotometer with a 150 mm integrating sphere ( IS) detector. The IS detector is equipped with an internal cuvette holder so that absorbance measurements can be performed with the cuvette inside the IS. In addition, the spectrophotometer has a cuvette holder outside the IS for performing conventional absorbance measurements. It is shown that the fluorescence quantum yield can be obtained from a combination of absorbance measurements of the buffer and the analyte solution inside and outside the IS detector. Due to the simultaneous detection of incident and fluorescent photons, the absorbance measurements inside the IS need to be adjusted for the wavelength dependence of the photomultiplier detector and the wavelength dependence of the IS magnification factor. An estimate of the fluorescence emission spectrum is needed for proper application of the wavelength-dependent adjustments. Results are presented for fluorescein, quinine sulfate, myoglobin, rhodamine B and erythrosin B. The QY of fluorescein in 0.1 mol/L NaOH was determined as 0.90 +/- 0.02 where the uncertainty is equal to the standard deviation of three independent measurements. The method provides a convenient and rapid estimate of the fluorescence quantum yield. Refinements of the measurement model and the characteristics of the IS detector can in principle yield an accurate value of the absolute fluorescence quantum yield. C1 [Gaigalas, Adolfas K.; Wang, Lili] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov; lili.wang@nist.gov NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 39 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 113 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.6028/jres.113.004 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 299AJ UT WOS:000255727900003 PM 27096110 ER PT J AU McLinden, MO Splett, JD AF McLinden, Mark O. Splett, Jolene D. TI A liquid density standard over wide ranges of temperature and pressure based on toluene SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; density; standard reference material; toluene; uncertainty ID SOLID OBJECTS; DENSIMETERS; EQUATION AB The density of liquid toluene has been measured over the temperature range -60 degrees C to 200 degrees C with pressures up to 35 MPa. A two-sinker hydrostatic-balance densimeter utilizing a magnetic suspension coupling provided an absolute determination of the density with low uncertainties. These data are the basis of NIST Standard Reference Material (R) 211d for liquid density over the temperature range -50 degrees C to 150 degrees C and pressure range 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa. A thorough uncertainty analysis is presented; this includes effects resulting from the experimental density determination, possible degradation of the sample due to time and exposure to high temperatures, dissolved air, uncertainties in the empirical density model, and the sample-to-sample variations in the SRM vials. Also considered is the effect of uncertainty in the temperature and pressure measurements. This SRM is intended for the calibration of industrial densimeters. C1 [McLinden, Mark O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Splett, Jolene D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McLinden, MO (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM markm@boulder.nist.gov; jsplett@boulder.nist.gov OI McLinden, Mark/0000-0002-1082-309X NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 113 IS 1 BP 29 EP 67 DI 10.6028/jres.113.005 PG 39 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 299AJ UT WOS:000255727900004 PM 27096111 ER PT J AU Freitas, V Bailey, KM van der Veer, HW AF Freitas, Vania Bailey, Kevin M. van der Veer, Henk W. TI Population regulation of epibenthic species in coastal ecosystems, with implications for latitudinal patterns SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Niels Daan Symposium on Sustainable Management of Marine Living Resources CY APR 19, 2007 CL Wageningen, NETHERLANDS DE population regulation; control; latitude; temperature; functional response; numerical response; predator-prey interactions ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; SHRIMP CRANGON-CRANGON; DUTCH WADDEN SEA; DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; ASTERIAS-VULGARIS VERRILL; CANCER-IRRORATUS SAY; RECRUITMENT VARIABILITY; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; 0-GROUP PLAICE AB The effect of predation on population regulation among (epi)benthic communities along the Atlantic coasts is reviewed. Population regulation requires density-dependent mortality at some phase in the life cycle, which can Occur through predation under certain functional (Type III) and numerical feeding responses. Although the potential to induce regulation has been suggested for some epibenthic predators in the coastal zone, studies linking direct observations of predator-prey responses to observed regulation of the prey population are scarce. The identification of Type III functional response Curves is mainly restricted to laboratory or cage studies, and the effect is con fined to a limited range of prey densities. Numerical responses, especially predator aggregations, may be more common in the natural environment. The response type seems to be affected not only by habitat structure but also by water temperature. Prevailing temperature conditions can affect the functional response type possibly through changes in predator behavior. The effect of temperature on the response Curve appears to be species-specific and hence, predator-prey specific. Therefore, no general effect of latitude on population regulation call be expected. Most likely there is a mosaic of predator-prey interactions that depend oil local habitat, temperature conditions, multiple species interactions and predator and prey species types. We surmise that any latitudinal pattern in the overall recruitment variability along species distributional range is more likely to result from a trend in controlling rattler than regulating factors. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Freitas, Vania; van der Veer, Henk W.] Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. [Freitas, Vania] Univ Porto, Ctr Interdisciplinar Invest Marinha & Ambiental, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. [Bailey, Kevin M.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Freitas, V (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Sea Res, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. EM vania.freitas@fc.up.pt RI Freitas, Vania /F-3132-2012; Scientific output, CIIMAR/E-5122-2012; van der Veer, Henk/I-5383-2016 OI Freitas, Vania /0000-0003-2097-1704; Scientific output, CIIMAR/0000-0001-6270-2153; van der Veer, Henk/0000-0001-5035-661X NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 EI 1873-1414 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2008.04.001 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 354UW UT WOS:000259665500010 ER PT J AU Lau, GC McQueen, TM Huang, Q Zandbergen, HW Cava, RJ AF Lau, G. C. McQueen, T. M. Huang, Q. Zandbergen, H. W. Cava, R. J. TI Long- and short-range order in stuffed titanate pyrochlores SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pyrochlore; stuffed pyrochlore; stuffed spin ice; geometrically frustrated magnet; pyrochlore to fluorite solid solution; rare-earth titanate ID DEFECT FLUORITE PHASE; ZERO-POINT ENTROPY; SPIN-ICE; 0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1 SYSTEM; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; DIFFRACTION; HO2TI2O7; TRANSITION; CRYSTAL; STRAIN AB We report a structural study of the stuffed pyrochlore series Ln(2)(Ti(2-x)Ln(x))O7-x/2 (Ln = Ho, Yb; 0 <= x <= 0.67). Electron microscopy and Rietveld refinements of neutron powder diffraction data for the x = 0.67 end members, HO2TiO5 and Yb2TiO5, reveal that small domains (similar to 50 angstrom, or less) exist where the Ln and Ti/Ln sublattices are pyrochlore like, while the average structure is fluorite like. Both the Ho and Yb stuffed pyrochlore series for 0.1 <= x <= 0.5 are shown to be a composite of long- and short-range-ordered pyrochlore phases. The relative fraction of long-range vs. short-range pyrochlore order decreases with increasing Ln doping. An additional complex structural modulation of the pyrochlore structure is observed in electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy images. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lau, G. C.; McQueen, T. M.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zandbergen, H. W.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci, NL-2682 AL Delft, Netherlands. RP Lau, GC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM laugc@airproducts.com NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 181 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.10.025 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 253HP UT WOS:000252509600007 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL Volkovich, Z AF Rukhin, Andrew L. Volkovich, Zeev TI Testing randomness via aperiodic words SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Asymptotic normality; Block ciphers; chi(2) test; Efficacy; Optimal linear test; Patterns; Random number generators AB The properties of statistical procedures based on occurrences of aperiodic patterns in a random text are summarized. Accurate asymptotic formulas for the expected value of the number of aperiodic words occurring a given number of times and for the covariance matrix are given. The form of the optimal linear test based on these statistics is established. These procedures are applied to testing for the randomness of a string of binary digits originating from block ciphers, US government-approved random number generators or classical transcendental numbers. C1 [Rukhin, Andrew L.] UMBC, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Rukhin, Andrew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Volkovich, Zeev] ORT Braude Coll 78, Software Engn Dept, IL-21982 Karmiel, Israel. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), UMBC, Dept Math & Stat, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rukhin@email.nist.gov FU National Security Agency [MSPF-02G-068] FX Z. Volkovich is also affiliated with the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland at Baltimore County. A. L. Rukhin's research was supported by a grant no. MSPF-02G-068 from the National Security Agency. The authors are grateful to the referee for his helpful comments and to J. Soto and A. Roginsky for their interesting discussion. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 BP 1131 EP 1142 DI 10.1080/10629360600864142 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 366QD UT WOS:000260497300002 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Kim, JW Kim, JH Lawn, BR AF Zhang, Yu Kim, Jae-Won Kim, Joo-Hyung Lawn, Brian R. TI Fatigue damage in ceramic coatings from cyclic contact loading with a tangential component SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE MATERIALS SUBJECT; COMPETING FRACTURE MODES; LIQUID ENVIRONMENTS; BILAYER STRUCTURES; HERTZIAN FRACTURE; LAYER STRUCTURES; MATERIALS DESIGN; CRACK FORMATION; INDENTATION; STRENGTH AB The role of a tangential load component in cyclic contact-induced failure of a brittle coating layer is investigated. Tests are conducted on model bilayer systems consisting of glass plates bonded to polymeric substrates, using a spherical indenter in periodic off-axis loading, in a water environment. The principal damage is that of a partial cone crack which forms in the wake of the contact and propagates steeply through the coating layer with continued loading. The critical number of cycles required to propagate the cone cracks through the coating is substantially reduced in off-axis relative to axial loading, and diminishes rapidly with increasing peak load. It is confirmed that the superposition of sliding tractions at the contact can have a profoundly deleterious effect on coating lifetime. C1 [Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Yu; Kim, Jae-Won; Kim, Joo-Hyung] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02009.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 249EC UT WOS:000252209000034 ER PT J AU Kwon, YC Frank, WM AF Kwon, Young C. Frank, William M. TI Dynamic instabilities of simulated hurricane-like vortices and their impacts on the core structure of hurricanes. Part II: Moist experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; TROPICAL CYCLONE STRUCTURE; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SPIRAL BANDS; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL PERTURBATIONS; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; EVOLUTION; MODEL C1 [Kwon, Young C.] NOAA, NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Frank, William M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kwon, YC (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM young.kwon@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 106 EP 122 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2132.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 254PG UT WOS:000252597900006 ER PT J AU Tulich, SN Mapes, BE AF Tulich, Stefan N. Mapes, Brian E. TI Multiscale convective wave disturbances in the tropics: Insights from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; LARGE-SCALE ORGANIZATION; GENERATED GRAVITY-WAVES; WESTERN PACIFIC; STRATIFORM INSTABILITY; EQUATORIAL WAVES; DEEP CONVECTION; VERTICAL-MODE; TOGA COARE; SIMULATIONS C1 [Tulich, Stefan N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tulich, Stefan N.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mapes, Brian E.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Tulich, SN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stefan.tulich@noaa.gov RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 44 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 140 EP 155 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2353.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 254PG UT WOS:000252597900008 ER PT J AU Hickner, MA Siegel, NP Chen, KS Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M AF Hickner, M. A. Siegel, N. P. Chen, K. S. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Arif, M. TI In situ high-resolution neutron radiography of cross-sectional liquid water profiles in proton exchange membrane fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE; IMAGING TECHNIQUE; DIFFUSION MEDIUM; TRANSPORT; SATURATION; REMOVAL; PEMFC; QUANTIFICATION; VISUALIZATION; ATTENUATION AB High-resolution neutron radiography was used to image an operating proton exchange membrane fuel cell in situ. The cross-sectional liquid water profile of the cell was quantified as a function of cell temperature, current density, and anode and cathode gas feed flow rates. Detailed information was obtained on the cross-sectional water content in the membrane electrode assembly and the gas flow channels. At low current densities, liquid water tended to remain on the cathode side of the cell. Significant liquid water in the anode gas flow channel was observed when the heat and water production of the cell were moderate, where both water diffusion from the cathode and thermal gradients play a significant role in determining the water balance of the cell. Within the membrane electrode assembly itself, the cathode side was moderately more hydrated than the anode side of the assembly from 0.1 to 1.25 A cm(-2). The total liquid water content of the membrane electrode assembly was fairly stable between current densities of 0.25 and 1.25 A cm(-2), even though the water in the gas flow channels changed drastically over this current density range. At 60 degrees C, the water content in the center of the gas diffusion layer was depleted compared to the membrane or gas flow channel interfaces. This phenomenon was not observed at 80 degrees C where evaporative water removal is prevalent. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] NIST, Ctr Neuron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hickner, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mah49@psu.edu NR 44 TC 161 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 4 BP B427 EP B434 DI 10.1149/1.2826287 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 271AQ UT WOS:000253761700025 ER PT J AU Hickner, MA Siegel, NP Chen, KS Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M AF Hickner, M. A. Siegel, N. P. Chen, K. S. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Arif, M. TI Understanding liquid water distribution and removal phenomena in an operating PEMFC via neutron radiography SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; NONISOTHERMAL MODEL; TRANSPORT; QUANTIFICATION; SATURATION; MEMBRANE; PEFCS AB A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was imaged using neutron radiography under pseudo steady-state operating conditions to determine the total liquid water content of the cell and the liquid water content distribution across the active cell area as a function of cell temperature, current density, and cathode air flow rate. A simple cathode-based model was formulated to rationalize the observed dry inlet regions which were most strongly influenced by temperature and current density. Between temperatures of 40 and 80 degrees C and current densities of 0.5 and 1.5 A cm(-2). the outlet gas temperature was measured to be 1-5 degrees C greater than the cell bulk temperature. This small temperature difference was enough to account for drying of 20-40% of the cell area, depending on the bulk cell temperature. For the cell construction used in this work, the temperature and cathode stoichiometric flow had a marginal effect on the polarization curve performance but had a large effect on the liquid water content and distribution within the cell. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Hickner, M. A.; Siegel, N. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chen, K. S.] Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hickner, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mah49@psu.edu NR 20 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP B294 EP B302 DI 10.1149/1.2825298 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 266YB UT WOS:000253472900023 ER PT J AU Siegel, JB Mckay, DA Stefanopoulou, AG Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Siegel, Jason B. Mckay, Denise A. Stefanopoulou, Anna G. Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. TI Measurement of liquid water accumulation in a PEMFC with dead-ended anode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELL; NEUTRON IMAGING TECHNIQUE; FLOW-FIELD DESIGN; 2-PHASE FLOW; RADIOGRAPHY; TRANSPORT; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; QUANTIFICATION; EQUILIBRIA AB The operation and accumulation of liquid water within the cell structure of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a dead-ended anode is observed using neutron imaging. The measurements are performed on a single cell with 53 cm(2) active area, Nafion 111-IP membrane, and carbon cloth gas diffusion layer. Even though dry hydrogen is supplied to the anode via pressure regulation, accumulation of liquid water in the anode gas distribution channels was observed in most tested conditions. Moreover, the accumulation of liquid water in the anode channels is followed by a significant voltage drop. Anode purges and cathode surges are also used as a diagnostic tool for differentiating between anode and cathode water flooding. The rate of accumulation of liquid water, and its impact on the rate of cell voltage drop is shown for a range of temperature, current density, cathode inlet RH, and air stoichiometric conditions. Operating the fuel cell under dead-ended anode conditions offers the opportunity to observe water dynamics and measured cell voltage during large and repeatable transients. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Siegel, Jason B.; Mckay, Denise A.; Stefanopoulou, Anna G.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Siegel, JB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM siegeljb@umich.edu OI Siegel, Jason/0000-0003-2824-013X FU National Science Foundation [CMS 0625610]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06CH 11300]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's Office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; the Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CMS 0625610), the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-06CH 11300), the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's Office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency agreement no. DE-AI01-01EE50660. NR 42 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 11 BP B1168 EP B1178 DI 10.1149/1.2976356 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 352WN UT WOS:000259528200026 ER PT J AU Koo, HC Cho, SK Lee, CH Kim, SK Kwon, OJ Kim, JJ AF Koo, Hyo-Chol Cho, Sung Ki Lee, Chang Hwa Kim, Soo-Kil Kwon, Oh Joong Kim, Jae Jeong TI Silver direct electrodeposition on Ru thin films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; DIFFUSION BARRIER; CU METALLIZATION; RUTHENIUM; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; TIN; ADHESION AB Electrodeposition of Ag was performed on Ru thin films following electrochemical reduction of native Ru oxide. Oxide reduction in a tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution was critical for the formation of continuous Ag film, and a large overpotential was important for high-density nucleation. From a kinetics viewpoint, the thermal stability of the Ag film was improved by the application of a more negative potential, which suggested that better nucleation density at the initial stage of growth induced better substrate adhesion. Suppression of growth by addition of an organic additive generated a larger and more uniformly distributed initial population of Ag particles, and as a result a smooth film was obtained. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Koo, Hyo-Chol; Cho, Sung Ki; Kim, Jae Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Lee, Chang Hwa] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Soo-Kil] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Fuel Cell Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Kwon, Oh Joong] Univ Incheon, Dept Mech Engn, Inchon 402749, South Korea. RP Koo, HC (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM jjkimm@snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Soo-Kil/E-1295-2011 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 5 BP D389 EP D394 DI 10.1149/1.2890394 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 285MA UT WOS:000254779700039 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Bonevich, JE Davies, JE Moffat, TP AF Lee, Chang Hwa Bonevich, John E. Davies, Joseph E. Moffat, Thomas P. TI Magnetic materials for three-dimensional damascene metallization: Void-free electrodeposition of Ni and Ni(70)Fe(30) using 2-mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NICKEL ELECTRODEPOSITION; SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; CORROSION PROPERTIES; BLOCKING INHIBITORS; SULFUR INCLUSION; CONIFE FILMS; SACCHARIN; THIOUREA; COERCIVITY; SENSORS AB Superconformal filling of submicrometer trenches with electrodeposited Ni is demonstrated using a NiSO(4)-NiCl(2)-FeSO(4) electrolyte containing 2-mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid (MBIS). The process offers the ability to build three-dimensional magnetically active structures that may be easily integrated with other state-of-the-art metallization schemes. MBIS acts to inhibit Ni (Fe) electrodeposition, although under certain conditions rapid, autocatalytic breakdown accompanies the onset of Ni deposition. Optimal trench filling is associated with the positive feedback process, moderated by electrolyte internal-resistance losses, and manifests as a hysteretic voltammetric response on planar electrodes for an MBIS concentration (100) mu mol/L. On freshly immersed substrates, trench filling is characterized by an initial period of uniform growth followed by the development of a v-notch geometry associated with transient depletion of MBIS within the recessed feature. Interestingly, the finest submicrometer features are filled while only minimal deposition occurs on the neighboring free surface. Continued growth of the MBIS derived v-notch geometry also results in void-free filling of the larger features by geometrical leveling. The same behavior is observed for soft magnetic alloys, such as Ni-rich Ni-Fe alloys. Preliminary experiments indicated that MBIS does not significantly perturb the low coercivity of Ni-Fe alloys, an important attribute for prospective technical applications. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Lee, Chang Hwa; Bonevich, John E.; Davies, Joseph E.; Moffat, Thomas P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, CH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008 OI Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 7 BP D499 EP D507 DI 10.1149/1.2907433 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 305SU UT WOS:000256198900038 ER PT J AU Mallett, JJ Svedberg, EB Bonevich, JE Shapiro, AJ Egelhoff, WF Moffat, TP AF Mallett, J. J. Svedberg, E. B. Bonevich, J. E. Shapiro, A. J. Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. Moffat, T. P. TI Compositional control in electrodeposited NixPt1-x films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; TRANSITION-METAL-ALLOYS; PT-NI; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; FUEL-CELL; ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PLATINUM-ELECTRODE AB Electrochemical codeposition of a series of face-centered cubic NixPt1-x alloys is demonstrated (0.1 < x < 0.95). The alloy composition is a monotonic function of potential. The Pt-rich NixPt1-x alloys are formed at potentials positive to that required to deposit elemental Ni. Codeposition is ascribed to the negative enthalpy of NixPt1-x alloy formation that proceeds via a Ni underpotential deposition reaction in concert with Pt deposition. Interestingly, this process occurs at higher Ni underpotentials than anticipated based on extrapolated literature data from thermochemical measurements and ab initio calculations of alloy formation. In contrast, Ni-rich NixPt1-x alloys are produced at Ni overpotentials although the films are formed under conditions where pure Ni deposition is otherwise kinetically hindered. The alloy composition corresponding to the transition from underpotential to overpotential deposition is a function of the PtCl4/NiCl2 electrolyte composition. The films were found to be bright and specular over the full range of compositions studied (grain size < 10 nm ). Atomic force microscopy yielded root-mean-square roughness values on the order of 5 nm for Ni-rich deposits up to 2.5 mu m thick. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mallett, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.mallett@nist.gov NR 97 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP D1 EP D9 DI 10.1149/1.2799072 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 235NO UT WOS:000251241400035 ER PT J AU Stafford, GR Beauchamp, CR AF Stafford, G. R. Beauchamp, C. R. TI In situ stress measurements during AlUPD onto (111)-textured au from AlCl3-EMImCl ionic liquid SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALT; INDUCED SURFACE STRESS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL FACES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GOLD ELECTRODES; ALLOY FORMATION; NANOGRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION AB In situ stress measurements were made during Al underpotential deposition (upd) onto (111)-textured Au from Lewis acidic aluminum chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl3-EMImCl), using the wafer curvature method. The surface stress response consists of three distinct features. In the potential range of 1.2-0.6 V the surface stress moves in the tensile (positive) direction from a value arbitrarily chosen as zero. This likely involves the desorption of AlCl4- from the Au surface and is consistent with adsorbate-induced stress models that appear in the literature. At the start of Al upd, the surface stress moves in the compressive direction, in contrast to the tensile stress expected based on the positive lattice misfit. We attribute this compressive stress to the formation of Al-Au bonds which partially satisfy the bonding requirements of the Au surface atoms, thereby reducing the tensile surface stress inherent to the clean Au surface. In the latter stages of Al upd, the surface stress once again moves in the tensile direction, which we attribute to Al-Au alloying. The magnitude of the tensile stress change is close to that estimated from the elastic strain associated with the change in molar volume, using reaction kinetics reported for surface alloy formation in the upd region. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Stafford, G. R.; Beauchamp, C. R.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, GR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gery.stafford@nist.gov NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 5 BP D408 EP D413 DI 10.1149/1.2894202 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 285MA UT WOS:000254779700042 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ AF Lu, Z. Q. John TI Optimum experimental designs, with SAS SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Lu, Z. Q. John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0964-1998 EI 1467-985X J9 J R STAT SOC A STAT JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A-Stat. Soc. PY 2008 VL 171 BP 504 EP 504 PN 2 PG 1 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 272WB UT WOS:000253890800012 ER PT J AU MacLean, RA Harms, CA Braun-McNeill, J AF MacLean, Robert A. Harms, Craig A. Braun-McNeill, Joanne TI Propofol anesthesia in loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtles SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE anesthesia; Caretta caretta; free ranging; propofol; reptile; sea turtle ID INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; REPTILES; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Rapid, safe, and effective methods of anesthetic induction and recovery are needed for sea turtles, especially in cases eligible for immediate release. This study demonstrates that intravenous propofol provides a rapid induction of anesthesia in loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtles and results in rapid recovery, allowing safe return to water shortly after the procedure. Forty-nine loggerhead sea turtles were recovered as local fishery by-catch in pound nets and transported to a surgical suite for laparoscopic sex determination. Treatment animals (n=32) received 5 mg/kg propofol intravenously (i.v.) as a rapid bolus, whereas control animals (n=17) received no propofol. For analgesia, all animals received a 4 ml infusion of 1% lidocaine, locally, as well as 2 mg/kg ketoprofen intramuscularly (i.m.). Physiologic data included heart and respiratory rate, temperature, and a single blood gas sample collected upon termination of the laparoscopy. Subjective data included jaw tone and ocular reflex: 3 (Vigorous) to 0 (none detected). Anesthetic depth was scored from 1, no anesthesia, to 3, surgical anesthesia. Turtles receiving propofol became apneic for a minimum of 5 min with a mean time of 13.7 +/- 8.3 min to the first respiration. Limb movement returned at a mean time of 21.1 +/- 16.8 min. The treatment animals were judged to be sedated for similar to 30 min (mean anesthetic depth score >= 1.5) when compared to controls. Median respiratory rates for treatment animals were slower compared to controls for the first 15 min, then after 35 min, they became significantly faster than the controls. Median heart rates of control animals became significantly slower than treatment animals between 40 and 45 min. Physiologic differences between groups persisted a minimum of 55 min. Possible explanations for heart rate and respiratory rate differences later in the monitoring period include a compensatory recovery of treatment animals from anesthesia-induced hypoxia and hypercapnia or, alternatively, an induced response of the nonsedated control animals. The animals induced with propofol were easier to secure to the restraint device and moved less during laparoscopy. In conclusion, propofol is a safe and effective injectable anesthetic for use in free-ranging loggerhead sea turtles that provides rapid induction and recovery. C1 [MacLean, Robert A.; Harms, Craig A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [MacLean, Robert A.] N Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, NC 27205 USA. [Harms, Craig A.] Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Braun-McNeill, Joanne] NOAA Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Harms, CA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM craig_harms@ncsu.edu OI MacLean, Robert/0000-0002-5105-3490 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 262VW UT WOS:000253177100014 PM 18263829 ER PT J AU McGhee, JD Berkson, J Steffen, DE Norman, GW AF McGhee, Jay D. Berkson, Jim Steffen, David E. Norman, Gary W. TI Density-dependent harvest modeling for the eastern wild turkey SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE density dependence; harvest model; harvest strategies; Meleagris gallopavo; theta-Ricker; wild turkey ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WEST-VIRGINIA; REPRODUCTION; GROWTH; CHAOS; SEX AB Many current wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) harvest models assume density-independent population dynamics. We developed an alternative model incorporating both nonlinear density-dependence and stochastic density-independent effects on wild turkey populations. We examined model sensitivity to parameter changes in 5% increments and determined mean spring and fall harvests and their variability in the short term (3 yr) and long term (10 yr) from proportional harvesting under these conditions. In the long term, population growth rates were most sensitive to poult:female ratios and the form of density dependence. The nonlinear density-dependent effect produced a population that maximized yield at 40% carrying capacity. The model indicated that a spring or fall proportional harvest could be maximized for fall harvest rates between 0% and 13% of the population, assuming a 15% spring male harvest and 5% spring illegal female kill. Combined spring and fall harvests could be maximized at a 9% fall harvest, under the same assumptions. Variability in population growth and harvest rates increased uncertainty in spring and fall harvests and the probability of overharvesting annual yield, with growth rate variation having the strongest effect. Model simulations suggested fall harvest rates should be conservative (<= 9%) for most management strategies. C1 [McGhee, Jay D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Berkson, Jim] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Recruiting Training & Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Steffen, David E.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Roanoke, VA 24018 USA. [Norman, Gary W.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA 24482 USA. RP McGhee, JD (reprint author), Univ Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. EM jmcghee@umw.edu RI Berkson, Jim/A-7588-2009 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.2193/2006-484 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700023 ER PT J AU Mackey, BL Durban, JW Middlemas, SJ Thompson, PM AF Mackey, B. L. Durban, J. W. Middlemas, S. J. Thompson, P. M. TI A Bayesian estimate of harbour seal survival using sparse photo-identification data SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Jolly-Seber; mark-recapture; Phoca vitulina ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; PHOCA-VITULINA; PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION; MARKED ANIMALS; POPULATION-SIZE; GREY SEALS; WADDEN SEA; AGE; MODEL AB Survival rates have rarely been estimated for pinniped populations due to the constraints of obtaining unbiased sample data. In this paper, we present an approach for estimating survival probabilities from individual recognition data in the form of photographic documentation of pelage patterns. This method was applied to estimate adult (age 2+) survival for harbour seals in the Moray Firth, NE Scotland. An astronomical telescope was used to obtain digital images of individual seals, and high-quality images were used to document the annual presence or absence of individuals at a single haul-out site over a 4-year period. A total of 95 females, 10 males and 57 individuals of unknown sex were photographically documented during the study period. Survival and recapture probabilities were estimated using Jolly-Seber mark-recapture models in a Bayesian statistical framework. Computer-intensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods were used to estimate the probability distributions for the survival and recapture probabilities, conveying the full extent of the uncertainty resulting from unavoidably sparse observational data. The deviance information criterion was used to identify a best-fitting model that accounted for variation in the probability of capture between sexes, with constant survival. The model estimated adult survival as 0.98 (95% probability interval of 0.94-1.00) using our photo-identification data alone, and 0.97 (0.92-0.99) with the use of an informative prior distribution based on previously published estimates of harbour seal survival. This paper represents the first survival estimate for harbour seals in the UK, and the first survival estimate using photo-identification data in any species of pinniped. C1 [Mackey, B. L.; Durban, J. W.; Middlemas, S. J.; Thompson, P. M.] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Mackey, B. L.; Durban, J. W.] Univ Aberdeen, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty, Ross Shire, Scotland. [Durban, J. W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Middlemas, S. J.] Fisheries Res Serv Freshwater Lab, Faskally, Pitlochry, Scotland. RP Mackey, BL (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. EM blm8@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Thompson, Paul /B-6742-2009 OI Thompson, Paul /0000-0001-6195-3284 NR 74 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 274 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00352.x PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 242QG UT WOS:000251739900005 ER PT J AU Kimura-Suda, H Opdahl, A Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ Petrovykh, DY AF Kimura-Suda, Hiromi Opdahl, Aric Tarlov, Michael J. Whitman, Lloyd J. Petrovykh, Dmitri Y. TI Characterization and Controlled Properties of DNA Immobilized on Gold Surfaces SO KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU LA Japanese DT Article DE Oligonucleotides; DNA; Thymine; Adenine; Immobilization; Surface; Gold; Counterions; FTIR; XPS ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PLASMON RESONANCE; IONIC-STRENGTH; ESCA SPECTRA; HYBRIDIZATION; ADSORPTION; THYMINE; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We investigated the immobilization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on gold using two complementary surface spectroscopies: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Immobilization of ssDNA depends on its sequence and on the buffer composition. Buffers with higher salt concentration and divalent cations result in higher saturation densities of immobilized DNA. The relative adsorption affinities of homo-oligonucleotides for gold are strongly nucleobase-dependent: A > C >= G > T. The high affinity of oligo (dA) for gold causes dA . dT hybrids to denature and d (T-m-A(n)) block oligonucleotides to absorb on gold via the d (A) blocks. As a result, the d (T) blocks extend away from the surface in a brush-like conformation and the grafting density of d (T.-A,) is controlled by the length of the d (A) blocks. Applying this effect, a desirable brush-like conformation can be achieved at grafting densities < 10(13) DNA/cm(2) that are considered optimal for DNA hybridization. C1 [Kimura-Suda, Hiromi; Opdahl, Aric; Tarlov, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Whitman, Lloyd J.; Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kimura-Suda, H (reprint author), PerkinElmer Japan Co Ltd, Hodogaya Ku, 134 Godo Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2400005, Japan. RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOC POLYMER SCIENCE JAPAN PI TOKYO PA TSUKIJI DAISAN NAGAOKA BLDG, 2-4-2 TSUKIJI, CHUO-KU, TOKYO, 104, JAPAN SN 0386-2186 J9 KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU JI Kobunshi Ronbunshu PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1295/koron.65.46 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 364IW UT WOS:000260330400006 ER PT J AU Hromada, LP Nablo, BJ Kasianowicz, JJ Gaitan, MA DeVoe, DL AF Hromada, Louis P. Nablo, Brian J. Kasianowicz, John J. Gaitan, Michael A. DeVoe, Don L. TI Single molecule measurements within individual membrane-bound ion channels using a polymer-based bilayer lipid membrane chip SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID METHACRYLATE MICROFLUIDIC CHIP; MICROMACHINED SUPPORTS; CONTROLLED DELIVERY; ALPHA-TOXIN; GLASS CHIP; RECONSTITUTION; MONOLAYERS; DYNAMICS; ELECTROPORATION; RECORDINGS AB The measurement of single poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules interacting with individual bilayer lipid membrane-bound ion channels is presented. Measurements were performed within a polymer microfluidic system including an open-well bilayer lipid membrane formation site, integrated Ag/AgCl reference electrodes for on-chip electrical measurements, and multiple microchannels for independent ion channel and analyte delivery. Details of chip fabrication, bilayer membrane formation, and alpha-hemolysin ion channel incorporation are discussed, and measurements of interactions between the membrane-bound ion channels and single PEG molecules are presented. C1 [Hromada, Louis P.; DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nablo, Brian J.; Kasianowicz, John J.; Gaitan, Michael A.] NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeVoe, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ddev@umd.edu RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM072512] NR 46 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 602 EP 608 DI 10.1039/b716388f PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280JZ UT WOS:000254424400013 PM 18369516 ER PT J AU Chastek, TQ Iida, K Amis, EJ Fasolka, MJ Beers, KL AF Chastek, Thomas Q. Iida, Kazunori Amis, Eric J. Fasolka, Michael J. Beers, Kathryn L. TI A microfluidic platform for integrated synthesis and dynamic light scattering measurement of block copolymer micelles SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SELECTIVE SOLVENTS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; USER ACCEPTANCE; PLANT CONCEPTS; MICELLIZATION; STYRENE; METHACRYLATE; TECHNOLOGY AB Microfluidic devices were developed that integrate the synthesis of well defined block copolymers and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement of their micelle formation. These metal devices were designed to operate in contact with organic solvents and elevated temperatures for long periods, and thus were capable of continuous in-channel atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and (meth) acrylate homopolymers and block copolymers. These devices were equipped with a miniaturized fiber optic DLS probe that included several technology improvements, including a measurement volume of only 4 microlitres, simple alignment, and reduced multiple scattering. To demonstrate the integrated measurement, poly(methyl methacrylate-b-lauryl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate-b-octadecyl methacrylate) block copolymers were processed on the device with a selective solvent, dodecane, to induce micelle formation. The in situ DLS measurements yielded the size and aggregation behavior of the micelles. For example, the block copolymer solutions formed discrete micelles (D(H) approximate to 25 nm) when the corona block was sufficiently long (f(MMA) < 0.51), but the micelles aggregated when this block was short. This study demonstrates the utility of these new devices for screening the solution behavior of custom synthesized polymeric surfactants and additives. C1 [Chastek, Thomas Q.; Iida, Kazunori; Amis, Eric J.; Fasolka, Michael J.; Beers, Kathryn L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Amis, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr MS8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.chastek@nist.gov; eric.amis@nist.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 950 EP 957 DI 10.1039/b718235j PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 304NC UT WOS:000256115200017 PM 18497917 ER PT J AU Lin, H Shackman, JG Ross, D AF Lin, Hao Shackman, Jonathan G. Ross, David TI Finite sample effect in temperature gradient focusing SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD GRADIENT; CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; BACKGROUND ELECTROLYTES; MICROFLUIDIC ELECTROCAPTURE; PROTEIN SEPARATION; EIGENMOBILITIES; SYSTEM; EIGENPEAKS; DEVICE AB Temperature gradient focusing (TGF) is a new and promising equilibrium gradient focusing method which can provide high concentration factors for improved detection limits in combination with high-resolution separation. In this technique, temperature-dependent buffer chemistry is employed to generate a gradient in the analyte electrophoretic velocity. By the application of a convective counter-flow, a zero-velocity point is created within a microchannel, at which location the ionic analytes accumulate or focus. In general, the analyte concentration is small when compared with buffer ion concentrations, such that the focusing mechanism works in the ideal, linearized regime. However, this presumption may at times be violated due to significant sample concentration growth or the use of a low-concentration buffer. Under these situations the sample concentration becomes non-negligible and can induce strong nonlinear interactions with buffer ions, which eventually lead to peak shifting and distortion, and the loss of detectability and resolution. In this work we combine theory, simulation, and experimental data to present a detailed study on nonlinear sample-buffer interactions in TGF. One of the key results is the derivation of a generalized Kohlrausch regulating function (KRF) that is valid for systems in which the electrophoretic mobilities are not constant but vary spatially. This generalized KRF greatly facilitates analysis, allowing reduction of the problem to a single equation describing sample concentration evolution, and is applicable to other problems with heterogeneous electrophoretic mobilities. Using this sample evolution equation we have derived an understanding of the nonlinear peak deformation phenomenon observed experimentally in TGF. We have used numerical simulations to validate our theory and to quantitatively predict TGF. Our simulation results demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental data, and also indicate that the proper inclusion of Taylor dispersion is important for the accurate modeling of TGF. This work is an important first step towards the understanding and prediction of the more complex, nonlinear, and multi-species interactions which often occur in on-chip electrophoretic assays such as TGF. C1 [Lin, Hao] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Shackman, Jonathan G.] Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Ross, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, 98 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM hlin@jove.rutgers.edu NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 969 EP 978 DI 10.1039/b713749d PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 304NC UT WOS:000256115200019 PM 18497919 ER PT J AU Abate, AR Krummel, AT Lee, D Marquez, M Holtze, C Weitz, DA AF Abate, Adam R. Krummel, Amber T. Lee, Daeyeon Marquez, Manuel Holtze, Christian Weitz, David A. TI Photoreactive coating for high-contrast spatial patterning of microfluidic device wettability SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MONODISPERSE DOUBLE EMULSIONS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SYSTEMS; FILMS AB For many applications in microfluidics, the wettability of the devices must be spatially controlled. We introduce a photoreactive sol-gel coating that enables high-contrast spatial patterning of microfluidic device wettability. C1 [Abate, Adam R.; Krummel, Amber T.; Lee, Daeyeon; Weitz, David A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Holtze, Christian] BASF AG, D-6700 Ludwigshafen, Germany. RP Weitz, DA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM weitz@seas.harvard.edu FU Human Frontiers Grant [RGP0004/2005-C102]; NSF [DMR-0602684, DBI-0649865]; Harvard MRSEC [DMR-0213805]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) FX This work was supported by a Human Frontiers Grant (RGP0004/2005-C102), the NSF (DMR-0602684) and (DBI-0649865), the Harvard MRSEC (DMR-0213805), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). NR 24 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 6 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 2157 EP 2160 DI 10.1039/b813405g PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 383PT UT WOS:000261686200022 PM 19023480 ER PT J AU Rice, SD Holland, L Moles, A AF Rice, Stanley D. Holland, Larry Moles, Adam TI Seasonal increases in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons related to two-stroke engine use in a small Alaskan lake SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PAH; two-stroke engines; Alaska; hydrocarbon ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; POLYETHYLENE MEMBRANE DEVICES; MULTIPLE-USE LAKE; CRUDE-OIL; FISH; SEDIMENTS; EXHAUST; WATER; MTBE AB To determine if hydrocarbon levels in salmon-rearing lakes are affected by seasonal increases in the number of two-stroke powered watercraft, passive hydrocarbon sampling devices were deployed in Auke Lake in southeast Alaska for five successive summers (1999-2003). Estimates of the number of two-stroke powered water craft were made by daily census in 2003. Passive samplers mimic the bioconcentration of trace waterborne lipophilic contaminants by living organisms and are used worldwide for in situ monitoring of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Monthly increases in PAHs coincided with monthly increases in the number of two-stroke powered watercraft (jet skis and powerboats) on the lake during the summer. This increase in PAHs varied in magnitude from year to year. PAHs were detected in the surface waters (1 m), particularly in high use areas, and were not detected at 9 m depth. These localized seasonal inputs appeared to come primarily from recreational watercraft rather than from runoff. Alaska's recreational boating season is very compressed and coincides with migrations of anadromous fish. Increased use of two-stroke engines may transfer enough hydrocarbons to the lake to affect fish populations. C1 [Rice, Stanley D.; Holland, Larry; Moles, Adam] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Moles, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM adam.moles@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 492NQ UT WOS:000269665800002 ER PT J AU Grober-Dunsmore, R Frazer, TK Beets, JP Lindberg, WJ Zwick, P Funicelli, NA AF Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki Frazer, Thomas K. Beets, James P. Lindberg, William J. Zwick, Paul Funicelli, Nicholas A. TI Influence of landscape structure, on reef fish assemblages SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; landscape ecology; context; marine protected areas; habitat diversity; Caribbean ID CORAL-REEF; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; RELATIVE INFLUENCE; SPECIES RICHNESS; ARTIFICIAL REEFS; BREEDING BIRDS; PATCH SIZE; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES AB Management of tropical marine environments calls for interdisciplinary studies and innovative methodologies that consider processes occurring over broad spatial scales. We investigated relationships between landscape structure and reef fish assemblage structure in the US Virgin Islands. Measures of landscape structure were transformed into a reduced set of composite indices using principal component analyses (PCA) to synthesize data on the spatial patterning of the landscape structure of the study reefs. However, composite indices (e.g., habitat diversity) were not particularly informative for predicting reef fish assemblage structure. Rather, relationships were interpreted more easily when functional groups of fishes were related to individual habitat features. In particular, multiple reef fish parameters were strongly associated with reef context. Fishes responded to benthic habitat structure at multiple spatial scales, with various groups of fishes each correlated to a unique suite of variables. Accordingly, future experiments should be designed to test functional relationships based on the ecology of the organisms of interest. Our study demonstrates that landscape-scale habitat features influence reef fish communities, illustrating promise in applying a landscape ecology approach to better understand factors that structure coral reef ecosystems. Furthermore, our findings may prove useful in design of spatially-based conservation approaches such as marine protected areas (MPAs), because landscape-scale metrics may serve as proxies for areas with high species diversity and abundance within the coral reef landscape. C1 [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki] NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki; Frazer, Thomas K.; Lindberg, William J.] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aqua Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki; Funicelli, Nicholas A.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Beets, James P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Zwick, Paul] Univ Florida, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Grober-Dunsmore, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM rikki.dunsmore@noaa.gov NR 94 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 11 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2008 VL 23 SU 1 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9147-x PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 259EV UT WOS:000252922800004 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, A Bohnsack, JA Smith, SG Ault, JS Harper, DE McClellan, DB AF Bartholomew, Aaron Bohnsack, James A. Smith, Steven G. Ault, Jerald S. Harper, Douglas E. McClellan, David B. TI Influence of marine reserve size and boundary length on the initial response of exploited reef fishes in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landscape ecology; fish density; reserve boundary; habitat; perimeter to area ratio; marine reserve; conservation ID PLECTROPOMUS LEOPARDUS SERRANIDAE; LARGE PREDATORY FISH; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; CORAL TROUT; HOME-RANGE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; APO-ISLAND; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION AB We examine the influence of reserve size and boundary length on the relative rate of fish density change in reserves versus fished reference reefs for three exploitable-sized reef fish categories: (1) combined fish (34 species of Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, Serranidae, and hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus); (2) Haemulidae (13 species); and (3) Lutjanidae (9 species). If reef habitat boundaries are highly permeable to fish movements then fish recovery within a reserve would be inversely proportional to: reserve perimeter (RP)/total reserve area (RA) (RP/RA). If, however, reef habitat boundaries are relatively impermeable barriers to fish movements, recovery within the reserve would be inversely proportional to: reserve boundary that intersects reef habitat (HI)/reef habitat area within the reserve (HA) (HI/HA). From 1994 to 2001 we monitored reef fishes within and outside of no-take marine reserves established in 1997 in the Florida Keys, USA. A significant majority of reserves had greater rates of density change than reference reefs for Lutjanidae and combined fish (22 of 24 reserves for both categories). Significantly higher rates of density change were found in ten reserves for Lutjanidae, two reserves for combined fish, and one reserve for Haemulidae. Reserves appeared to promote an increased density of exploitable fishes. A significant, negative, but weakly correlated relationship was found between the relative rate of density change (RDC) for combined fish and the HI/HA ratio. Reserve size and placement appeared to have a minimal effect upon RDC. C1 [Bartholomew, Aaron] Amer Univ Sharjah, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [Bartholomew, Aaron; Bohnsack, James A.; Harper, Douglas E.; McClellan, David B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Smith, Steven G.; Ault, Jerald S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Bartholomew, A (reprint author), Amer Univ Sharjah, POB 26666, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. EM abartholomew@aus.edu RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2008 VL 23 SU 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9136-0 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 259EV UT WOS:000252922800005 ER PT J AU Bell, SS Fonseca, MS Kenworthy, WJ AF Bell, Susan S. Fonseca, Mark S. Kenworthy, W. Judson TI Dynamics of a subtropical seagrass landscape: links between disturbance and mobile seed banks SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; disturbance; Halophila decipiens; hurricane; Gulf of Mexico; landscape; seagrass; seed; seed bank ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; HALOPHILA-DECIPIENS; DISPERSAL; FLORIDA; FOREST; L.; COMMUNITIES; ATTRIBUTES; HURRICANES; VEGETATION AB Disturbance is a well known modifier of landscapes. In marine systems hurricanes may not only remove or bury subtidal seagrasses but they may also impact the seed banks of these taxa. We ask whether seagrass landscape pattern and seed dispersal are influenced by physical disturbance in a subtropical deep water setting. We examined the spatial dynamics of an offshore landscape composed of the seagrass, Halophila decipiens in summer 1999 and again in 2000 after the passage of a hurricane. A towed video camera was used to collect data within a 1 km(2) area and construct benthic maps of seagrass, macroalgae, hard bottom outcrops, and sediments from over 20,000 video frames. The appearance of sand and seagrass at a portion of the site in summer 2000 that was previously hard substrate verified sediment and seed movement. Although seeds released by this seagrass are deposited into sediments near parent plants, movement en masse of the seagrass seed reservoir appears to be an important component of dispersal. The generation of new landscape patches when disturbance is large and intense suggests that large-scale disturbance, resulting in the local redistribution of sediment and the seed bank, appears to mold the spatial signature of the resulting seagrass landscape in a MidShelf area. This impact of physical disturbance differs from that previously reported for factors influencing spatial arrangements of seagrass in shallow waters but has some features similar to those of large infrequent disturbances studied in terrestrial settings. C1 [Bell, Susan S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Fonseca, Mark S.; Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Bell, SS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM sbell@cas.usf.edu NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2008 VL 23 SU 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9137-z PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 259EV UT WOS:000252922800006 ER PT J AU Garza, C AF Garza, Corey TI Relating spatial scale to patterns of polychaete species diversity in coastal estuaries of the western United States SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial scale; polychaete; species diversity; spatial autocorrelation ID LANDSCAPE PATTERN; GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY; CHANGING SCALE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PATCH DYNAMICS; RED HERRINGS; ROCKY SHORES; RICHNESS; COMMUNITIES; AUTOCORRELATION AB Historically, studies in landscape ecology have investigated how variation in spatial scale can affect the complex interactions observed in an ecosystem. In this study I describe survey data collected as part of the United States National Coastal Assessment that were used to discern the role sampling scale can play in detecting the relationship between physical factors and patterns of polychaete species diversity in marine estuaries. In this survey, sampling sites were randomly selected at three spatial scales using a probability based site selection algorithm applied to a GIS representation of all U.S. west coast estuaries. At each sampling scale, data relating to species diversity and environmental condition were collected. My analyses revealed that polychaetes displayed an increase in diversity towards the equator. It appears that across latitude both the rate of increase in and total diversity were affected by variation in the spatial scale over which the survey was conducted. Variation in scale also affected interpretations of the magnitude to which physical factors may potentially relate to species diversity across latitude. The data suggested that increased sampling scales obscured negative relationships between physical factors and species diversity across the estuaries sampled in this study. The results of this study demonstrate how assessments of the strength of the relationship between physical factors and species diversity in coastal communities can be strongly affected by variation in sampling scale. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Anal, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Garza, C (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM cgarza@clam.mi.nmfs.gov NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2008 VL 23 SU 1 BP 107 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9142-2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 259EV UT WOS:000252922800009 ER PT S AU Harman, D AF Harman, Donna BE Tokunaga, T Ortega, A TI Towards better evaluation for human language technology SO LARGE-SCALE KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES: CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Large-Scale Knowledge Resources CY MAR 03-05, 2008 CL Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Inst Technol AB Both research and evaluation in human language technology have enjoyed a big surge for the last fifteen years. Performance has made major advances, partially due to the availability of resources and the interest in the many evaluation forums present today. But there is much more to do, both in terms of new areas of research and in improved evaluation for these areas. This paper addresses the current state-of-the-art in evaluation and then discusses some ideas for improving this evaluation. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harman, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-78158-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2008 VL 4938 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78159-2_31 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHL04 UT WOS:000253958000031 ER PT S AU Lopez-Mariscal, C Burnham, D Rudd, D McGloin, D Gutierrez-Vega, JC AF Lopez-Mariscal, C. Burnham, D. Rudd, D. McGloin, D. Gutierrez-Vega, J. C. BE Forbes, A Lizotte, TE TI Accurate Phase Mapping of Nondiffracting Singular Beams SO LASER BEAM SHAPING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Beam Shaping IX CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Hitach Ltd, Lissotschenko Mikrooptik GmbH, MEMS Opt Inc, SUSS MicroOpt ID LIGHT AB We make use of a spatial light modulator to implement a phase-shifting interferometric method to determine the topological charge of multiple singularities embedded in the transverse phase of singular beams. This method allows us to discern between closely spaced singular points and elucidate the dynamics of optical vortices as their charge is increased continually. The transverse phase of beams with a determined phase profile are analyzed used this technique, yielding the precise location of multiple singularities as well as the value of their topological charge. We use apply this method to accurately map the phase and study the transit of vortices across fractional Bessel beams during their continuous order upconversion. C1 [Lopez-Mariscal, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Laser Cooling & Trapping Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Lopez-Mariscal, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Laser Cooling & Trapping Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM clopez@nist.gov RI Gutierrez-Vega, Julio/R-3100-2016; OI Gutierrez-Vega, Julio/0000-0002-8705-2924; McGloin, David/0000-0002-0075-4481 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7282-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7062 AR 70620B DI 10.1117/12.794195 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJC68 UT WOS:000264753100006 ER PT S AU Lopez-Mariscal, C Gutierrez-Vega, JC AF Lopez-Mariscal, C. Gutierrez-Vega, J. C. BE Forbes, A Lizotte, TE TI Complex scalar fields using amplitude-only spatial light modulators SO LASER BEAM SHAPING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Beam Shaping IX CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Hitach Ltd, Lissotschenko Mikrooptik GmbH, MEMS Opt Inc, SUSS MicroOpt ID HOLOGRAMS AB We detail a method for the accurate encoding of complex wavefields in low-cost, off-the-shelf spatial light modulators capable of amplitude modulation. We assess the accuracy of our encoding scheme by producing a collection of arbitrary nondiffracting beams and evaluating their propagation characteristics when compared to those predicted by the theoretical model. The angular spectra of the beams produced using this approach is also measured and found consistent with theory. C1 [Lopez-Mariscal, C.; Gutierrez-Vega, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Lopez-Mariscal, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM clopez@nist.gov RI Gutierrez-Vega, Julio/R-3100-2016 OI Gutierrez-Vega, Julio/0000-0002-8705-2924 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7282-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7062 AR 706209 DI 10.1117/12.794194 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJC68 UT WOS:000264753100005 ER PT S AU Hurst, KE Singh, G Dillon, AC Roberson, LK Mahajan, RL Lehman, JH AF Hurst, Katherine E. Singh, Gurpreet Dillon, Anne C. Roberson, Lara K. Mahajan, Roop L. Lehman, John H. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Coherent and incoherent damage of carbon nanotubes SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE carbon nanotubes; Raman spectroscopy; excimer laser; UV AB Previously, we demonstrated laser damage of bulk carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) using a pulsed excimer laser (248 nm) employed as a simple and fast purification method.(I) The reduction of carbon impurities was attributed photochemical changes induced by resonance of the 248 nm incident photons with the pi plasmon of nanotubes. (1,2) In this work, we investigate whether the role of the excimer laser pulses is unique or if the same results can be achieved with an incoherent UV lamp source for both carbon multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT) and SWNT samples. In addition we have investigated the role of heating and oxidation by varying the ambient atmosphere ranging from partial vacuum, inert gas, ozone and oxygen enriched air. The importance of average versus instantaneous temperature and the generation of ozone is reported in terms of the mechanism of purification and modification of carbon nanotube samples. Material and structural changes are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, TEM, spectral responsivity and UV-Vis absorption. C1 [Hurst, Katherine E.; Roberson, Lara K.; Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hurst, KE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP U579 EP U580 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100065 ER PT S AU Cheok, GS Lytle, AM Saidi, KS AF Cheok, Geraldine S. Lytle, Alan M. Saidi, Kamel S. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI ASTM E57 3D imaging systems committee: An update - art. no. 69500J SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Application XIII CY MAR 19-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE 3D imaging system; ASTM; LADAR; laser scanners; performance evaluation; sensor characterization; standards AB In 2006, ASTM committee E57 was established to develop standards for the performance evaluation of 3D imaging systems. The committee's initial focus is on standards for 3D imaging systems typically used for applications including, but not limited to, construction and maintenance, surveying, mapping and terrain characterization, manufacturing (e.g., aerospace, shipbuilding), transportation, mining, mobility, historic preservation, and forensics. ASTM E57 consists of four subcommittees: Terminology, Test Methods, Best Practices, and Data Interoperability. This paper reports the accomplishments of the ASTM E57 3D Imaging Systems committee in 2007. C1 [Cheok, Geraldine S.; Lytle, Alan M.; Saidi, Kamel S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheok, GS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7141-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6950 BP J9500 EP J9500 DI 10.1117/12.791929 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHX14 UT WOS:000257140700012 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Brown, CM Neumann, DA Kabbour, H Ahn, CC AF Liu, Yun Brown, Craig M. Neumann, Dan A. Kabbour, Houria Ahn, Channing C. BE Fthenakis, V Dillon, A Savage, N TI Hydrogen adsorption in MOF-74 studied by inelastic neutron scattering SO LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS FOR NEW ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE SYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Life Cycle Analysis for New Energy Conversion and Storage Systems CY NOV 26-27, 2007 CL Boston, MA ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; CARBON NANOTUBES; H-2; STORAGE; UNITS AB Adsorption of hydrogen and the occupancy of different binding sites as a function of hydrogen loading in MOF-74 are studied using inelastic neutron scattering (INS). Hydrogen molecules are observed to fully occupy the strongest binding site before populating other adsorption sites. The comparison of the INS spectra at 4 K and 60 K indicates that hydrogen adsorbed at the strongest binding site is strongly bound and localized. We also show that when two hydrogen molecules are adsorbed into a single, attractive potential well, the shortest inter-H-2 distance is about 3 A, consistent with our previous observation of inter-H-2 distance when adsorbed in two neighboring potential wells. C1 [Liu, Yun; Brown, Craig M.; Neumann, Dan A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Kabbour, Houria/0000-0002-9081-3261 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-015-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1041 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BHY62 UT WOS:000257463800008 ER PT B AU Zhang, H Voss, KJ AF Zhang, Hao Voss, Kenneth J. BE Kokhanovsky, AA TI Bi-directional reflectance measurements of closely packed natural and prepared particulate surfaces SO LIGHT SCATTERING REVIEWS 3: LIGHT SCATTERING AND REFLECTION SE Springer-Praxis Books in Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ASYMMETRY PARAMETERS; PLANETARY REGOLITHS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PHASE FUNCTION; SOIL SURFACES; PARTICLES; LAYERS; MEDIA C1 [Zhang, Hao] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhang, Hao] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Voss, Kenneth J.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Voss, Kenneth J.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 5200 Auth Rd,Room102, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Hao.Zhang@noaa.gov; voss@physics.miami.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-48305-2 J9 S-P B ENVIRON SCI PY 2008 BP 279 EP 327 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-48546-9_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-48546-9 PG 49 WC Environmental Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Optics GA BKE66 UT WOS:000267898100008 ER PT J AU Mill, AC Sweeting, CJ Barnes, C Al-Habsi, SH MacNeil, MA AF Mill, Aileen C. Sweeting, Christopher J. Barnes, Carolyn Al-Habsi, Saoud H. MacNeil, M. Aaron TI Mass-spectrometer bias in stable isotope ecology SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB; MULTIPLE TISSUES; TROPHIC LEVEL; NITROGEN; CARBON; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; DIETARY; RATIOS; ENRICHMENT AB Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is recognized as a powerful analytical tool with numerous ecological applications. This has been highlighted by the increase in popularity of the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) technique and the large number of studies reporting isotopic data. Comparisons of new isotopic data with previously published results and the use of large volumes of isotopic ratios in meta-analyses to explain isotopic variance are commonplace. Such data often originate from different IRMS instruments and are assumed to be readily comparable as all instruments are calibrated to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) standards. To test the validity of this assumption, we analyzed a single ecological sample (homogenized cod muscle, Gadus morhua) on eight anonymous IRMS instruments and found significant variation in both delta N-15 and delta C-13. We used a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with random effects to estimate the average variability of laboratory results within and among instruments. Overall, 74% of variation in d15N and 35% of variation in d13C of a single ecological sample was explained by differences in the IRMS instrument used. In light of these findings, researchers are encouraged to submit their own sample reference to provide an independent check on variation between runs and between instruments; consistent discrepancies between instruments should be corrected through linear regression. Comparisons of data obtained from multiple instruments should acknowledge inter-instrument variation as a potential source of error. C1 [Mill, Aileen C.] Fisheries Res Serv, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. [Sweeting, Christopher J.] CNR IAMC, Biol Lab, Sicily 91014, TP, Italy. [Barnes, Carolyn] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. [Al-Habsi, Saoud H.] Marine Sci & Fisheries Ctr, Muscat, Sultanate, Oman. [MacNeil, M. Aaron] NOAA, Panama City Lab, Natl Res Council, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Mill, AC (reprint author), Fisheries Res Serv, 375 Victoria Rd,POB 101, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. EM a.mill@marlab.ac.uk RI MacNeil, M Aaron/F-4680-2010; Barnes, Carolyn/I-3643-2012; MacNeil, M. Aaron/E-8196-2017 OI MacNeil, M. Aaron/0000-0001-8406-325X NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 6 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 268TI UT WOS:000253602000005 ER PT J AU Persson, A Smith, BC Dixon, MS Wikfors, GH AF Persson, Agneta Smith, Barry C. Dixon, Mark S. Wikfors, Gary H. TI The Eastern mudsnail, Ilyanassa obsoleta, actively forages for, consumes, and digests cysts of the dinoflagellate, Scrippsiella lachrymosa SO MALACOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE deposit feeding; dinoflagellate resting stages; cyst ecology ID DEPOSIT-FEEDERS; RESTING CYSTS AB The Eastern mudsnail, Ilyanassa obsoleta, was attracted to, consumed, and digested resting cysts of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella lachrymosa when cysts were presented in grazing experiments. Twenty snails were observed individually for one hour in petri dishes divided into four parts wherein cysts were present in one quadrant, sediment particles of the same size range were in another quadrant, and two quadrants were free of particles. Actively foraging snails were nearly twice as likely to be found in quadrants containing S. lachrymosa cysts as in the other quadrants until cysts were consumed. Microscope observations of fecal pellets from snails feeding on cysts revealed digestive destruction of the cysts. These findings indicate that deposit-feeding grazers can actively seek dinoflagellate cysts as a food item, thereby influencing distribution of cysts and subsequent germination of dinoflagellate vegetative cells. C1 [Persson, Agneta; Smith, Barry C.; Dixon, Mark S.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Smith, BC (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM barry.smith@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST MALACOL PI ANN ARBOR PA 2415 SOUTH CIRCLE DR, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0076-2997 J9 MALACOLOGIA JI Malacologia PY 2008 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 341 EP 345 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 314KD UT WOS:000256807400012 ER PT J AU Atkinson, S Demaster, DP Calkins, DG AF Atkinson, Shannon Demaster, Douglas P. Calkins, Donald G. TI Anthropogenic causes of the western Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus population decline and their threat to recovery SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Alaska; competition; contaminants; decline; endangered species; fisheries by-catch; nutritional stress; recovery ID NUTRITIONAL STRESS HYPOTHESIS; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; HARBOR SEALS; ALASKA; PINNIPEDS; ABUNDANCE; PREY; DIET; ORGANOCHLORINES AB 1. The western Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus population has experienced a chronic decline since the 1960s. The causes are likely multifactorial and a combination of anthropogenic and natural factors. A draft revised recovery plan for the Steller sea lion has been published by the US National Marine Fisheries Service, listing both anthropogenic and natural factors that may have contributed to the observed decline or which may be a threat to the recovery of the western Steller sea lion population. The purpose of this review is to consider the anthropogenic threats to this stock. 2. Anthropogenic sources of mortality include fisheries competition resulting in nutritional stress, mortality incidental to commercial fisheries (i.e. fisheries by-catch), subsistence hunts, legal and illegal shooting, commercial hunts, anthropogenic-related contamination, and research-induced mortalities. 3. We present evidence that the following anthropogenic factors likely contributed to the decline of the western Steller sea lion population over the last 40 years: (i) mortality incidental to commercial fisheries (i.e. by-catch); (ii) commercial hunting of western Steller sea lions; and (iii) legal and illegal shooting; whereas the subsistence hunts for western Steller sea lions and mortality incidental to research were not likely to be contributors to the observed decline. 4. Further, we present evidence that the following can be excluded as significant anthropogenic threats to the recovery of the western Steller sea lion population: (i) mortality incidental to commercial fishing; (ii) legal and illegal shooting; (iii) commercial hunts of Steller sea lions; (iv) subsistence hunting; and (v) mortality incidental to research. 5. Competition with fisheries resulting in nutritional stress, and the potential impacts of contaminants, are two anthropogenic factors that should continue to be a priority for the various organizations currently doing research on this population. C1 [Atkinson, Shannon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Atkinson, Shannon; Calkins, Donald G.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Demaster, Douglas P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Atkinson, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 730, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM shannon_atkinson@alaskasealife.org NR 72 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 11 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-1838 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00128.x PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 277DK UT WOS:000254192700001 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Wade, P Slooten, E Barlow, J AF Dawson, Steve Wade, Paul Slooten, Elisabeth Barlow, Jay TI Design and field methods for sighting surveys of cetaceans in coastal and riverine habitats SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE abundance; aerial; boat; dolphin; porpoise; trends ID LINE-TRANSECT SURVEYS; AERIAL SURVEYS; HARBOR PORPOISE; ABUNDANCE ESTIMATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; CALIFORNIA WATERS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; HECTORS DOLPHINS; DETECTING TRENDS AB 1. Dolphins and porpoises in coastal and/or riverine habitats face serious conservation threats, yet surveys of their abundance are often especially difficult due to the challenges imposed by the habitats. Because many of these species occur in developing countries, lack of resources imposes a further set of challenges. 2. We offer advice on designing and conducting line-transect surveys with a focus on sound, practical, design rather than analytical sophistication, and we attempt, where possible, to offer simple, inexpensive solutions. 3. We guide the reader through the questions of what kind of survey should be done, whether by boat or aircraft, and we discuss ways to avoid bias and increase precision. 4. Our treatment of field methods focuses especially on robust, but low-cost, approaches. We provide two case studies to illustrate the implementation of these ideas. C1 [Dawson, Steve] Univ Otago, Dept Marine Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Wade, Paul] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Slooten, Elisabeth] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Barlow, Jay] Nat Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Marine Sci, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM steve.dawson@stonebow.otago.ac.nz RI Slooten, Elisabeth/E-7425-2014; OI Slooten, Elisabeth/0000-0001-5384-511X; Dawson, Stephen/0000-0003-3182-0186 NR 72 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-1838 EI 1365-2907 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 19 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00119.x PG 31 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 277DK UT WOS:000254192700002 ER PT J AU Smith, WD Cailliet, GM Cortes, E AF Smith, Wade D. Cailliet, Gregor M. Cortes, Enric TI Demography and elasticity of the diamond stingray, Dasyatis dipterura: parameter uncertainty and resilience to fishing pressure SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age-based models; Dasyatidae; demography; fisheries management; Mexico; population biology ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORY; NATURAL MORTALITY; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE; FISHERY; JUVENILE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB Despite their abundance in near-shore tropical and subtropical marine environments, which support much of the world's elasmobranch fisheries, population dynamics and impacts of fisheries on stingrays are poorly documented. Age-structured demographic models were developed using empirical estimates of fecundity, longevity and maturity to project population growth parameters and potential responses to fishing mortality of Dasyatis dipterura from the Bahia Magdalena lagoon complex, Mexico. Monte Carlo simulation was incorporated to include uncertainty in life history parameters into model projections. Six models were developed using deterministic and probabilistic approaches under unexploited and exploited ( fishing mortality= 0.05 year(-1)) conditions. Mean annual population growth rates (lambda) of 1.05-1.06 (5-6% increase), net reproductive rates of 2.3-2.4 and generation times of 14.9-16.5 years were projected from simulations. The introduction of a low fishing mortality into probabilistic models produced. of 1.01 year(-1). Elasticity analysis indicated that population growth rates for D. dipterura are more strongly influenced by the survival of juvenile and adult stages than by survival of neonates or changes in fecundity. Demographic analyses indicated that D. dipterura has a low intrinsic growth potential and limited resilience to fishing pressure. Localised depletion or population collapses are therefore likely to occur through unrestricted, unmonitored fishing effort. C1 [Smith, Wade D.; Cailliet, Gregor M.] Pacific Shark Res Ctr, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Smith, Wade D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cortes, Enric] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Smith, WD (reprint author), Pacific Shark Res Ctr, Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM wade.smith@oregonstate.edu RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 7 BP 575 EP 586 DI 10.1071/MF07020 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 329LE UT WOS:000257868300003 ER PT J AU Lara, MR Jones, DL Chen, Z Lamkin, JT Jones, CM AF Lara, Monica R. Jones, David L. Chen, Zhongxing Lamkin, John T. Jones, Cynthia M. TI Spatial variation of otolith elemental signatures among juvenile gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) inhabiting southern Florida waters SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; CYNOSCION-NEBULOSUS; NURSERY AREAS; FISH OTOLITHS; REEF FISH; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; SEAGRASS HABITATS; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB Juvenile gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus, are believed to use bays and estuaries in southern Florida as nurseries before moving out to the adjoining reef tract as adults. Using high-resolution sector field-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS), the elemental chemistry of the otoliths of juveniles from five nursery regions was resolved by establishing elemental "signatures" for each region. In this study we simultaneously analyzed 32 elements including a suite of rare earth elements. A stepwise variable selection procedure retained a subset of eight elements that contributed substantially to separating otolith samples, including two rare earth elements; this is one of the first studies in which rare earth elements in otoliths have contributed to separation of fish stocks. The classification success rate in assigning fishes to the correct region of origin was 82%. Resolution of sites less than 10 km apart suggested high site fidelity in juvenile gray snapper and little mixing of water masses between sites. The juvenile nursery signatures will be used to determine the relative contribution of different nurseries to the adult population on an adjoining reef tract. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Lara, MR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Monica.Lara@rsmas.miami.edu; Djones@rsmas.miami.edu; zchen@eps.harvard.edu; John.Lamkin@noaa.gov; cjones@odu.edu NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3 BP 235 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0799-5 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 238ZW UT WOS:000251488200001 ER PT J AU Parry, M AF Parry, Matthew TI Trophic variation with length in two ommastrephid squids, Ommastrephes bartramii and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; AMMONIUM; PACIFIC; NITRATE; FISH; SIZE; INDICATORS; C-13/C-12; N-15/N-14 AB From 1998 to 2001 a total of 200 Ommastrephes bartramii (27 paralarvae) and 170 Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (14 paralarvae) were sampled from the Central North Pacific. One group of non-paralarval O. bartramii (n = 30) was sampled from farther northwest in 1996. The delta N-15 of mantle muscle of non-paralarval O. bartramii (x = 12.4 parts per thousand) was significantly greater than that of non-parlarval S. oualaniensis (x = 8.1 parts per thousand) (P < 0.001). The delta N-15 of whole paralarvae of O. bartramii (<(x)over bar> = 6.4 parts per thousand) was not significantly different than parlarvalae of S. oualaniensis ((x) over bar = 6.1 parts per thousand) (P = 0.528). There was no significant difference between the mantle muscle delta N-15 values of male (n = 95, x = 13.3 parts per thousand) and female (n = 18, (x) over bar = 12.9 parts per thousand) O. bartramii greater than 300 mm mantle length (ML) (P = 0.15). There was also no significant difference between the mantle muscle delta N-15 values of male (n = 15, (x) over bar = 7.2 parts per thousand) and female (n = 26, x = 7.3 parts per thousand) S. oualaniensis in the same size range (P = 0.41). Overall there was a distinct logistic increase in delta N-15 with mantle length for O. bartramii, whereas S. oualaniensis showed an exponential increase in delta N-15 with mantle length that was stronger within individual years than with all samples combined. In general, adult O. bartramii are more than a trophic level above S. oualaniensis (4.3 parts per thousand, 1.3 TLs). Because of the nature of the sampling protocol, this study could not separate spatial and temporal effects on the delta N-15 signals from each squid species. This study demonstrates the ability of stable isotope analyses to differentiate trophic levels between squid species as well as track trophic changes across size ranges from paralarvae to adults. Additional research is needed to validate these trophic changes across size within individuals. C1 NOAA, Pacific Isl Fishery Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Parry, M (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fishery Sci Ctr, 270 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM matthew.parry@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0800-3 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 238ZW UT WOS:000251488200002 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Hawn, D Abecassis, M AF Polovina, Jeffrey J. Hawn, Donald Abecassis, Melanie TI Vertical movement and habitat of opah (Lampris guttatus) in the central North Pacific recorded with pop-up archival tags SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS AB Data from 11 pop-up archival transmitting tags attached to opah (Lampris guttatus, F. Lampridae) in the central North Pacific between November 2003 and March 2005 were used to describe their vertical movement and habitat. In the subtropical gyre northwest of the Hawaiian Islands, opah generally inhabited a 50-400 m depth range and 8-22 degrees C temperatures. They were frequently found in depths of 50-150 m at night and in greater depths (100-400 m) during the day, but were constantly moving vertically within this broad range. At night, excursions below 200 m were not uncommon and during the day they were very likely to spend some time at depths < 175 m. Their vertical speeds were generally < 25 cm s(-1) but on one occasion an opah descended at a burst speed of 4 m s(-1). Vertical habitat use by individual opah apparently varied with local oceanographic conditions, but over a 24-h period the average temperature experienced was always in the narrow range of 14.7 to 16.5 degrees C. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceang Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceang Div, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Jeffrey.Polovina@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0801-2 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 238ZW UT WOS:000251488200003 ER PT B AU Morison, SE AF Morison, Sarah E. BE Williams, M Ammann, E TI The NOAA Marine Debris Program: Implementing a Program to Address the Nation's Needs SO MARINE DEBRIS IN ALASKA: COORDINATING OUR EFFORTS SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Marine Debris in Alaska Workshop CY FEB 14-15, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK C1 [Morison, Sarah E.] NOAA, Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-135-4 J9 UASGCP REP PY 2008 VL 2009 IS 01 BP 13 EP 16 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJK17 UT WOS:000266629800002 ER PT B AU Barnea, N AF Barnea, Nir BE Williams, M Ammann, E TI Cleanup of Marine Debris on Unalaska Island SO MARINE DEBRIS IN ALASKA: COORDINATING OUR EFFORTS SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Marine Debris in Alaska Workshop CY FEB 14-15, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK C1 [Barnea, Nir] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-135-4 J9 UASGCP REP PY 2008 VL 2009 IS 01 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJK17 UT WOS:000266629800009 ER PT B AU Jensen, A Williams, M Jemison, L Raum-Suryan, K AF Jensen, Aleria Williams, Michael Jemison, Lauri Raum-Suryan, Kim BE Williams, M Ammann, E TI Somebody Untangle Me! Taking a Closer Look at Marine Mammal Entanglement in Marine Debris SO MARINE DEBRIS IN ALASKA: COORDINATING OUR EFFORTS SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Marine Debris in Alaska Workshop CY FEB 14-15, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK ID NORTHERN FUR SEALS; NEW-ZEALAND; LIONS C1 [Jensen, Aleria] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-135-4 J9 UASGCP REP PY 2008 VL 2009 IS 01 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJK17 UT WOS:000266629800014 ER PT J AU Suntsov, AV Brodeur, RD AF Suntsov, Andrey V. Brodeur, Richard D. TI Trophic ecology of three dominant myctophid species in the northern California Current region SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Myctophidae; Mesopelagic; Tarletonbeania crenularis; Diaphus theta; Stenobrachius leucopsarus; Feeding ecology; Ecomorphology; California Current ID STENOBRACHIUS-LEUCOPSARUS MYCTOPHIDAE; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; FEEDING-HABITS; MIDWATER FISHES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MESOPELAGIC FISHES; FAMILY MYCTOPHIDAE; LIFE-HISTORIES; DIAPHUS-THETA AB The feeding ecology of 3 dominant sympatric myctophid species (Tarletonbeania crenularis, Diaphus theta, and Stenobrachius leucopsarus) in the northern California Current System was investigated based on samples collected in June, August, and September of 2006. All 3 species fed predominantly on Euphausia pacifica, the most abundant euphausiid off the central Oregon coast. In contrast, the same 3 lanternfishes showed marked variation in utilization of other principal food categories, and stronger resource partitioning was evident in smaller individuals. The proportion of euphausiids in the diet Of T crenularis and S. leucopsarus gradually increased with increasing size. D. theta at intermediate sizes (31 to 60 mm) preyed heavily upon salps and hyperiid amphipods, whereas the largest specimens consumed mostly euphausiids. S.leucopsarus showed little changes in composition of principal food categories between months, while T crenularis and D. theta consumed more hyperiid amphipods in June, euphausiids in August, and salps in September. No feeding on salps was recorded in S. leucopsarus for the entire study period. All 3 species showed variation in feeding intensity, stomach fullness, state of digestion, and number of prey species and prey items per stomach. A divergence in feeding strategies of these co-occurring lanternfishes appears to reflect their structural morphology and generally conforms to an ecological subdivision of this midwater family into 'active' and 'inactive' species. Active myctophids (T crenularis and D. theta) consumed significantly larger amounts of protein-rich prey such as euphausiids, hyperiid amphipods, and salps, while inactive S. leucopsarus showed higher preference for slower-moving, lipid-rich Neocalanus copepods. C1 [Suntsov, Andrey V.; Brodeur, Richard D.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Suntsov, AV (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM asuntsov@ucsd.edu FU NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program FX We thank J. Phillips, T. Auth, R. Emmett, and P. Peterson for help in collecting the specimens at sea and J Lamb and W. Peterson for assistance with identification of copepods. We are grateful to W. Pearcy, W. Peterson, T. Miller, E. Casillas, and 3 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and valuable suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. A.S. was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship funded by NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program. NR 64 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 373 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.3354/meps07678 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 398KM UT WOS:000262731000007 ER PT J AU Weng, KC Foley, DG Ganong, JE Perle, C Shillinger, GL Block, BA AF Weng, Kevin C. Foley, David G. Ganong, James E. Perle, Christopher Shillinger, George L. Block, Barbara A. TI Migration of an upper trophic level predator, the salmon shark Lamna ditropis, between distant ecoregions SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Migration; Behavior; Habitat selection; Landscape ecology; Oceanography; Foraging behavior; Reproduction; Elasmobranch; Lamna ditropis ID AREA-RESTRICTED SEARCH; LONGLINE FISHING GROUNDS; NORTH PACIFIC; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; CHINOOK SALMON; TRACKING DATA; BLUEFIN-TUNA; HABITAT USE; BOTTOM-UP; MOVEMENTS AB Knowledge of how animals move through heterogeneous environments is essential to understanding the ecological functions they fulfill in each habitat and their responses to environmental change. Upper trophic level organisms exert structural influences through the food web, so information on their range, migration and foraging strategy is necessary to understanding ecosystem function. Recent technological advances have enabled researchers to follow individual animals over seasonal and multi-year timescales, revealing long-distance migrations in a variety of taxa. We used satellite telemetry to monitor female salmon sharks Lamna ditropis and remote sensing to characterize their environment, Salmon sharks ranged throughout the entire eastern North Pacific Ocean during a seasonal migration cycle. During long-distance migrations, quantitative movement analyses of speed, path straightness and first passage time (FPT) revealed area-restricted search (ARS) behaviors in northern and southern regions, with transiting behaviors at mid-latitudes. Individuals migrating to a highly productive southern region displayed more ARS behaviors than those moving to a low productivity region. The combination of multi-year time-series of animal behavior with synoptic environmental data reveals factors influencing migration and indicates that different life history functions are fulfilled in each habitat. C1 [Weng, Kevin C.; Ganong, James E.; Perle, Christopher; Shillinger, George L.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Foley, David G.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Weng, KC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kevincmweng@gmail.com RI Weng, Kevin Chi-Ming/C-4709-2013 OI Weng, Kevin Chi-Ming/0000-0002-7069-7152 FU ONR; Sloan, Moore and Packard Foundation FX Funding was provided by the ONR, Sloan, Moore and Packard Foundation to B.A.B. We thank D. Branshaw of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, P. Castilho, R. Shallert, J. Musick, C. Conrath, C. Farwell, J. O'Sullivan, L. DeWitt, S. Bograd, D. Palacios, D. Costa, K. Goldman, A. Swithenbank, S. Teo, D. Kohrs, H. Dewar, A. Boustany, G. Strout, M. Castleton and R. Matteson. MatLab code for First Passage Time was provided by P. Robinson and A. Walli. ERDDAP was developed by B. Simons and R. Mendelssohn. The project was conceived by B.A.B. and K.C.W.; fieldwork was conducted by B.A.B., K.C.W., C.P., G.L.S. and others; data were analyzed by K.C.W., D.G.F. and J.E.G.; and the manuscript was written by K.C.W. NR 65 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 372 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.3354/meps07706 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 394AR UT WOS:000262418100024 ER PT J AU Herman, DP Matkin, CO Ylitalo, GM Durban, JW Hanson, MB Dahlheim, ME Straley, JM Wade, PR Tilbury, KL Boyer, RH Pearce, RW Krahn, MM AF Herman, David P. Matkin, Craig O. Ylitalo, Gina M. Durban, John W. Hanson, M. Bradley Dahlheim, Marilyn E. Straley, Janice M. Wade, Paul R. Tilbury, Karen L. Boyer, Richard H. Pearce, Ronald W. Krahn, Margaret M. TI Assessing age distributions of killer whale Orcinus orca populations from the composition of endogenous fatty acids in their outer blubber layers SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Killer whale; Orcinus orca; Ageing; Biopsy sampling; Fatty acids; Northeast Pacific ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; HARBOR PORPOISES; PHOCA-VITULINA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BIOPSY SAMPLES; LIFE-HISTORY AB Knowledge of the age distributions of killer whale Orcinus orca populations is critical to assess their status and long-term viability. Except for accessible, well-studied populations for which historical sighting data have been collected, currently there is no reliable benign method to determine the specific age of live animals for remote populations. To fill this gap in. our knowledge of age structure, we describe new methods by which age can be deduced from measurements of specific lipids, endogenous fatty acids (FAs) and FA ratios present in their outer blubber layers. Whereas correlation of wax and sterol esters with age was reasonable for female 'resident' killer whales, it was less well-defined for males and 'transients.' Individual short-, branched-, and odd-chain FAs correlated better with age for transients and residents of both sexes, but these single parameter relationships were population specific and seemingly varied with long-term diet. Alternatively, a simple, empirical multi-linear model derived from the combination of 2 specific FA ratios enabled the ages of individual eastern North Pacific killer whales to be predicted with good precision (sigma = +/- 3.8 yr), appeared to be independent of individual diet and was applicable to both genders and ecotypes. The model was applied to several less well-studied killer whale populations to predict their age distributions from their blubber FA compositions, and these distributions were compared with a population of known age structure, Most interestingly, these results provide evidence for the first time that adult male transient killer whales appear to have lower life expectancies than do their resident counterparts in Alaska. C1 [Herman, David P.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Tilbury, Karen L.; Boyer, Richard H.; Pearce, Ronald W.; Krahn, Margaret M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Matkin, Craig O.] N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Durban, John W.; Dahlheim, Marilyn E.; Wade, Paul R.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Straley, Janice M.] Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Durban, John W.] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Herman, DP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM david.herman@noaa.gov FU NGOS NOAA [545-1488-03] FX We greatly appreciate the technical assistance of D. W. Brown, C. A. Sloan and J. L. Bolton in sample and data analysis. Thanks also are given to W. L. Reichert and D. P. Noren for their careful reviews of this manuscript. We are grateful for the funding support of the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Project Nos. 04 11 & 0535) and T. K. Rowles from the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program of NOAA Fisheries. The following additional funding sources in support of field operations are also gratefully acknowledged: The National Marine Mammal Laboratory for sampling operations in southeast Alaska, GOA and Bering Sea; The Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research, The Steller Sea Lion Research Initiative; The Alaska SeaLife Center; The North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortiums, Cascadia Research Collective, who assisted NWFSC staff with collections of southern resident killer whales in Washington, The participation of D. Matkin in sampling the west coast transient whales from Islas Bay and Icy Straight is also acknowledged. Finally, we thank L. Jones of the NWFSC Marine Mammal Program for both programmatic and financial support. Killer whale biopsy samples were collected under one of the following permits: NGOS NOAA Permit No. 545-1488-03; MMPA Permit Nos. 782-1510 and 782-1719; NMFS Permit Nos. 932-1489-05,473-1700-01 and 7774-1714-03; and NMFS ESA/MMPA Permit No. 781-1824. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 372 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.3354/meps07709 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 394AR UT WOS:000262418100027 ER PT J AU Buckley, LJ Caldarone, EM Clemmesen, C AF Buckley, L. J. Caldarone, E. M. Clemmesen, C. TI Multi-species larval fish growth model based on temperature and fluorometrically derived RNA/DNA ratios: results from a meta-analysis SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE RNA/DNA ratio; Growth; Larvae; Temperature effects; Nucleic acids; Fluorometric microplate assay; Multi-species meta-analysis ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; RNA-DNA RATIO; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; WALLEYE POLLOCK LARVAE; DAB LIMANDA-LIMANDA; ATLANTIC COD; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; JAPANESE SARDINE; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB Weight-specific growth rate (G) and growth performance (the fraction of maximum growth realized, G(pf)) are key demographic characteristics. The ratio of RNA/DNA (RD) can provide information on both G and G(pf), Estimating G from RD in larval fish requires an adjustment for the activity of RNA at different temperatures, Based on a meta-analysis of published data, we present a general model for the relationship between G in marine fish larvae and fluorometrically derived RD and temperature (T), and suggest that this model can be used to estimate G in marine fish larvae. Several options for estimating G(pf) are also considered, including the use of a reference growth rate (G(ref)). RDs of well-fed larvae appeared to be independent of water temperatures between 4 and 28 degrees C, suggesting that any increase in growth rate with temperature was accomplished by increased activity rather than increased concentrations of RNA. However, for the best-fit meta-analysis RD-T-G model, the relationship between RD and G(pf) was temperature dependent for fish less than fully fed. C1 [Caldarone, E. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Buckley, L. J.] Univ Rhode Isl, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Clemmesen, C.] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, IFM GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP Caldarone, EM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM elaine.caldarone@noaa.gov RI Clemmesen, Catriona/B-1480-2014 OI Clemmesen, Catriona/0000-0003-4102-7341 FU DFG (German Research Foundation) [CL 126/5-1]; US GLOBEC Program [610]; NOAA; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank M. F. Canino, A. Folkvord, G. J. Holt, R. Kimura, C. Sato, K. Skajaa, and K.B. Suneetha for generously supplying their data and slope ratios. This study was partly supported by a DFG (German Research Foundation) research fellowship grant (CL 126/5-1) to C.C. This is contribution # 610 of the US GLOBEC Program, funded jointly by NOAA and the National Science Foundation. NR 54 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 371 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.3354/meps07648 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 385FA UT WOS:000261797800021 ER PT J AU Barlow, J Kahru, M Mitchell, BG AF Barlow, J. Kahru, M. Mitchell, B. G. TI Cetacean biomass, prey consumption, and primary production requirements in the California Current ecosystem SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Cetaceans; Whales; Dolphins; Porpoises; California Current ecosystem; Biomass; Food web; Trophodynamics; Primary production; Trophic efficiency ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; MARINE MAMMALS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN GULF; ABUNDANCE; WHALES; FISHERIES; SEA; DOLPHINS; OCEAN AB To better understand the role played by cetaceans as top-level predators in the California Current ecosystem, we estimate the fraction of annual net primary production (NPP) required to support the prey consumed by cetaceans, using a simple trophic transfer model. The biomass of cetacean species in the California Current is calculated as the product of their mean summer and fall abundance during 1991, to 2005 and estimates of mean mass ind.(-1). Total prey consumption by cetaceans is estimated from a mass-specific consumption model. NPP is estimated from remote satellite measurements using the Behrenfeld-Falkowski vertically-generalized production model for each of 4 geographic regions. The total biomass of baleen whales exceeds the biomass of toothed whales by a factor of similar to 2.5; however, the estimated prey consumption by these taxa is nearly equal. Assuming 10% trophic transfer efficiency, cetaceans are estimated to require 32.2 g C m(-2) yr(-1) of primary production, or similar to 12 % of the NPP in the study area, to sustain the prey that they directly consume. Because they feed at a lower trophic level, the primary production requirement (PPR) of baleen whales is similar to 13 % of that of toothed whales, despite their 2.5-fold greater biomass. Uncertainty in trophic transfer efficiency results in the greatest uncertainty in estimating PPR for these upper trophic predators. C1 [Barlow, J.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Barlow, J.; Kahru, M.; Mitchell, B. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Barlow, J (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jay.barlow@noaa.gov FU NOAA-Fisheries; National Science Foundation [OCE04-17616]; NASA [NNG05GR23G] FX C. Bonin created the masks and extracted the NPP values for 4 regions used here. Funding was provided by NOAA-Fisheries, National Science Foundation LTER grant OCE04-17616, and NASA grant NNG05GR23G. This paper benefited from the reviews and comments by M. Ferguson, A. Fleming, J. Field, K. Forney, G. Walters, S. Reilly, and 3 anonymous referees. T. J. Moore and J. Carretta helped with Fig. 1. This paper is dedicated to Mike Mullin, who stimulated the senior author's interest in trophodynamics almost 30 yr ago. NR 64 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 371 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.3354/meps07695 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 385FA UT WOS:000261797800027 ER PT J AU Martinson, EC Helle, JH Scarnecchia, DL Stokes, HH AF Martinson, Ellen C. Helle, John H. Scarnecchia, Dennis L. Stokes, Houston H. TI Density-dependent growth of Alaska sockeye salmon in relation to climate-oceanic regimes, population abundance, and body size, 1925 to 1998 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Sockeye salmon; Marine growth; Density dependent; Ocean regimes; Climate change; Body size; Age ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; LONG-TERM TRENDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; ICELANDIC STOCKS; SURVIVAL RATES; O-NERKA; YIELD; OSCILLATION AB To better understand how density-dependent growth of ocean-dwelling Pacific salmon varied with climate and population dynamics, we examined the marine growth of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in relation to an index of sockeye salmon abundances among climate regimes, population abundances, and body sizes tinder varied life-history stages, from 1925 to 1998, using ordinary least squares and multivariate adaptive regression spline threshold models. The annual marine growth and body size during the juvenile, immature, and maturing life stages were estimated from growth pattern increments on the scales of adult age 2.2 sockeye salmon that returned to spawn at Karluk River and Lake on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Intra-specific density-dependent growth was inferred from inverse relationships between growth and sockeye salmon abundance based on commercial harvest. Density-dependent growth occurred in all marine life stages, during the cool regime, at lower abundance levels, and at smaller body sizes at the start of the juvenile life stage. The finding that density dependence occurred during the cool regime and at low population abundances suggests that a shift to a cool regime or extreme warm regime at higher population abundances could further reduce the marine growth of salmon and increase competition for resources. C1 [Martinson, Ellen C.; Helle, John H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Scarnecchia, Dennis L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Stokes, Houston H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Martinson, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ellen.martinson@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 370 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.3354/meps07665 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 377CP UT WOS:000261229600001 ER PT J AU Cramer, KL Perryman, WL Gerrodette, T AF Cramer, Katie L. Perryman, Wayne L. Gerrodette, Tim TI Declines in reproductive output in two dolphin populations depleted by the yellowfin tuna purse-seine fishery SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Tuna-dolphin issue; Bycatch; Stenella attenuata; Stenella longirostris; Dolphin reproduction; Fishery effects; El Nino effects ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; STENELLA-ATTENUATA; SPINNER DOLPHIN; SPOTTED DOLPHINS; AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY; INCIDENTAL KILL; LIFE-HISTORY; TURSIOPS SP.; OCEAN AB Reproductive data for 2 pelagic dolphin subspecies in the eastern tropical Pacific, the eastern spinner (ES) dolphin Stenella longirostris orientalis and northeastern pantropical spotted (NEPS) dolphin S. attenuata attenuata, were obtained from aerial photographs taken between 1987 and 2003. Two measures of reproductive output were estimated: proportion of adult dolphins with calves ('proportion with calves') and length at which calves disassociated from their mothers ('length at disassociation'). Trends in length at disassociation were investigated to determine if the proportion with calves was affected by possible changes in calving interval, but no changes were found. Proportion with calves for ES dolphins was stable from 1987 to 1993, then declined from 1993 to 2003; proportion with calves for NEPS dolphins decreased steadily from 1987 to 2003. For both species, proportion with calves was related to number of dolphins in the school of the focal species and/or proportion of the school made up of the focal species. For NEPS dolphins, annual number of purse-seine sets on dolphins was a predictor of both proportion with calves and length at disassociation. Because NEPS dolphins are the main species targeted by the fishery, the link between fishing activity and both measures of reproductive output indicates that the fishery has population-level effects beyond reported direct kill. Decline in reproductive output is the proximate cause or one of the proximate causes of the failure of dolphin populations to recover at rates expected after reduction of high bycatch levels. C1 [Cramer, Katie L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Perryman, Wayne L.; Gerrodette, Tim] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cramer, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kcramer@ucsd.edu NR 63 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 369 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.3354/meps07606 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 372AI UT WOS:000260873400022 ER PT J AU Fire, SE Flewelling, LJ Naar, J Twiner, MJ Henry, MS Pierce, RH Gannon, DP Wang, ZH Davidson, L Wells, RS AF Fire, Spencer E. Flewelling, Leanne J. Naar, Jerome Twiner, Michael J. Henry, Michael S. Pierce, Richard H. Gannon, Damon P. Wang, Zhihong Davidson, Leigh Wells, Randall S. TI Prevalence of brevetoxins in prey fish of bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Brevetoxin; Karenia brevis; Tursiops truncatus; Harmful algal blooms; Algal toxins; Bottlenose dolphin; Marine biotoxins; HAB; Red tide ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; KARENIA-BREVIS CULTURES; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; CONTROLLED EXPOSURES; LAGODON-RHOMBOIDES; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; STRIPED MULLET; SEA LIONS; ELIMINATION; METABOLITES AB Blooms of the brevetoxin-producing dinoflagellate Karenia brevis have been linked to high mortality of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus on Florida's Gulf of Mexico coast. A clear understanding of trophic transfer of brevetoxin from its algal source up the food web to top predators is needed to assess exposure of affected dolphin populations. Prey fish constitute a means Of accumulating and transferring brevetoxins and are potential vectors of brevetoxin to dolphins frequently exposed to K. brevis blooms. Here we report. results of brevetoxin analyses of the primary fish species consumed by long-term resident bottlenose dolphins inhabiting Sarasota Bay, Florida. Fish collected during K. brevis blooms in 2003 to 2006 were analyzed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and had brevetoxin concentrations ranging from 4 to 10 844 ng PbTx-3 eq g(-1) tissue. Receptor binding assay (RBA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis confirmed toxicity and the presence of parent brevetoxins and known metabolites. Fish collected in the absence of K. brevis blooms tested positive for brevetoxin by ELISA and RBA, with concentrations up to 1500 ng PbTx-3 eq g-1 tissue. These findings implicate prey fish exposed to K. brevis blooms as brevetoxin vectors for their dolphin predators and provide a critical analysis of persistent brevetoxin loads in the food web of dolphins repeatedly exposed to Florida red tides. C1 [Fire, Spencer E.; Twiner, Michael J.; Wang, Zhihong; Davidson, Leigh] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Flewelling, Leanne J.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Naar, Jerome] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Fire, SE (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM spencer.fire@ncaa.gov RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X FU Long Marine Laboratory; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; National Marine Fisheries Service; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Harbor Branch Oceanographic institution; Chicago Zoological Society FX The authors thank E. Beyens, S, Camilteri, K, Brueggen and A. Barleycorn for fish and water sample collections. We thank G. Kirkpatrick and V. Palubok for use of K. brevis cell abundance data and laboratory assistance. We are grateful to T. Blum, D. Wetzel, P. Mercurio, C, Luer, C. Walsh, S. Hamel, C. Higham and K. Lemkau for logistical and/or laboratory assistance and use of instrumentation. We thank M. Silver, D. Costa, N. Barros, D. Fauquier, L. Schwacke, T. Leighfield and F. Van Dolah for assistance in manuscript preparation, experimental design and/or discussions, We also thank F. Radwan, E, Zolman, M. Y. Bottein and J. Ramsdell for comments on the manuscript, Fish were collected under Mote Marine Laboratory IACUC protocols and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Special Activity Licenses (SAL 03SR-809 and 04SR-809) issued to D.P.G. This research was supported by funding from Long Marine Laboratory, Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, National Marine Fisheries Service, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Harbor Branch Oceanographic institution and the Chicago Zoological Society. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 368 BP 283 EP 294 DI 10.3354/meps07643 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 366VP UT WOS:000260511800025 ER PT J AU Kvitek, RG Goldberg, JD Smith, GJ Doucette, GJ Silver, MW AF Kvitek, Rikk G. Goldberg, Judah D. Smith, G. Jason Doucette, Gregory J. Silver, Mary W. TI Domoic acid contamination within eight representative species from the benthic food web of Monterey Bay, California, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Domoic acid; Food web; Benthic; Harmful algal bloom; Pseudo-nitzschia; Trophic transfer ID DIATOM PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; TARGETED FLUORESCENT-PROBES; EMERITA-ANALOGA STIMPSON; CRAB CANCER-MAGISTER; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; SEA LIONS; SAND CRAB AB Benthic food webs often derive a significant fraction of their nutrient inputs from phytoplankton in the overlying waters. If the phytoplankton include harmful algal species like Pseudo-nitzschia australis, a diatom capable of producing the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), the benthic food web can become a depository for phycotoxins. We tested the general hypothesis that DA contaminates benthic organisms during local blooms of P. australis, a widespread toxin producer along the US west coast. To test for trophic transfer and uptake of DA into the benthic food web, we sampled 8 benthic species comprising 4 feeding groups: filter feeders (Emerita analoga and Urechis caupo); a predator (Citharichthys sordidus); scavengers (Nassarius fossatus and Pagurus samuelis) and deposit feeders (Neotrypaea californiensis, Dendraster excentricus and Olivella biplicata). Sampling occurred before, during and after blooms of P. australis in Monterey Bay, CA, USA during 2000 and 2001. DA was detected in all 8 species, with contamination persisting over variable time scales. Maximum DA levels in N. fossatus (674 ppm), E. analoga (278 ppm), C, sordidus (515 ppm), N. californiensis (145 ppm), R samuelis (56 ppm), D. excentricus (15 ppm) and O. biplicata (3 ppm) coincided with P. australis blooms, while DA levels in U. caupo remained above 200 ppm (max = 751 ppm) throughout the study period. DA in 6 species exceeded levels thought to be safe for higher level consumers (i.e. >= 20 ppm) and thus is likely to have deleterious effects on marine birds, sea lions and the endangered California sea otter, known to prey upon these benthic species. C1 [Kvitek, Rikk G.] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Goldberg, Judah D.] NortekUSA, Seattle, WA 98116 USA. [Smith, G. Jason] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Doucette, Gregory J.] Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Silver, Mary W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Kvitek, RG (reprint author), Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Div Sci & Environm Policy, 100 Campus Ctr, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. EM rikk_kvitek@csumb.edu RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; Smith, G Jason/B-3123-2009 OI Smith, G Jason/0000-0003-1258-4800 FU NOAA's [NA960P0476]; NSF [OCE-0138547]; NOAA/ NOS FX We thank C. Bretz, P. Iampietro and the rest of the Seafloor Mapping Lab (CSUMB) for sample collection and support; S. Cole, V. Welborn, S. Fire and the Silver Lab (UCSC) for Pseudo-nitzschia spp. identification and enumeration, laboratory assistance and support; Z. Wang for confirmatory LC-MS/MS analyses; K. King for receptor binding assays; J. Wekell for confirmatory HPLC analyses and the MLML community for lab space, support and technical assistance, Funding for this research was supported by NOAA's ECOHAB Program, grant # NA960P0476 awarded to R.G.K. and M.W.S.; NSF OCE-0138547 to G.J.S. provided additional support for HPLC analyses and stipend support to J.D.G.; J.D.G. gratefully acknowledges additional financial support from the Dr. Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust and a Packard Foundation grant. G.J.D. was supported through NOAA/ NOS operational funds. NR 52 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 367 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.3354/meps07569 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 359WC UT WOS:000260017900004 ER PT J AU Hewes, CD Reiss, CS Kahru, M Mitchell, BG Holm-Hansen, O AF Hewes, C. D. Reiss, C. S. Kahru, M. Mitchell, B. G. Holm-Hansen, O. TI Control of phytoplankton biomass by dilution and mixed layer depth in the western Weddell-Scotia Confluence SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; nutrients; iron; mixing depth; salinity; drake passage; Weddell Sea ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS; IN-LINE PRECONCENTRATION; A MAXIMA DCMS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ELEPHANT-ISLAND; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEMS; BRANSFIELD STRAIT; WATER COLUMN AB Hydrographic, nutrient and trace metal (iron, manganese, and aluminum) concentration data, collected as part of a 2-ship survey during austral summer 2004, were used to examine the influence of upwelling and horizontal mixing on phytoplankton biomass in the region of Elephant Island and South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Temperature/salinity property analysis and changes in trace metal and nutrient concentrations show that horizontal mixing of shelf waters, not upwelling from depth, is correlated with phytoplankton biomass in the upper mixed layer (UML). The interaction between changing UML depth and nutrient and trace metal concentrations in the UML results in a unimodal distribution of phytoplankton biomass centered at intermediate surface salinities of similar to 34. Principal component (PC) analysis of hydrographic and chemical observations resolved 3 components that accounted for 99% of the variability in nutrient and trace metal concentrations. The first PC accounted for a conservative loss of nutrients through dilution across a latitudinal salinity gradient. The second and third PCs separated mixed layer depth and nutrient consumption. Although these 2 PCs accounted for just 20% of the variability in the data matrix, they accounted for 65% of the variability in mean phytoplankton biomass, and recreated the unimodal distribution of chlorophyll concentration when modeled across a salinity gradient. We propose that the distribution of phytoplankton biomass is structured by the horizontal mixing of nutrient rich waters, derived from Weddell Sea Shelf Waters, with Antarctic Surface Water that enhances stratification and shoaling of the UML. C1 [Hewes, C. D.; Holm-Hansen, O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Reiss, C. S.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kahru, M.; Mitchell, B. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hewes, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM chewes@ucsd.edu FU NSF [OPP0230433, ANT0444134]; NOAA; USA Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1231] FX We thank the AMLR science team, the captain and crew of the RV 'Yuzhmorgeologiya', as well as the captain, crew, and RPSC support staff aboard the ARSV 'Laurence M. Gould' for all their shipboard help. Special thanks go to S. Gille, K. Barbeau and M. Zhou, for sharing ideas and comments regarding this work, and especially to C. Measures for letting us use his trace metal data. We also thank our 2 anonymous reviewers and editor, who helped improve this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the NSF Office of Polar Programs grant numbers: OPP0230433/ ANT0444134 (G. Mitchell). This work has also been funded in part to O. Holm-Hansen from the NOAA, USA Department of Commerce, under grant NA17RJ1231. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, NSF or any of their sub-agencies. NR 48 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 366 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.3354/meps07515 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 356HH UT WOS:000259768800002 ER PT J AU Waggett, RJ Tester, PA Place, AR AF Waggett, Rebecca J. Tester, Patricia A. Place, Allen R. TI Anti-grazing properties of the toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum during predator-prey interactions with the copepod Acartia tonsa SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE copepod grazing; harmful algae; toxic dinoflagellate; chemical deterrent; Karlodinium; karlotoxin ID GYRODINIUM-CORSICUM PAULMIER; EUTERPINA-ACUTIFRONS; GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; SURVIVAL RATES; DINOPHYCEAE; GROWTH; ZOOPLANKTON; GRANI; ALEXANDRIUM AB Karlodinum veneficum (syn. Karlodinium micrum, Bergholtz et al. 2006; J Phycol 42: 170-193) is a small athecate dinoflagellate commonly present in low levels in temperate, coastal waters. Occasionally, K veneficum forms ichthyotoxic blooms due to the presence of cytotoxic, hemolytic compounds, putatively named karlotoxins. To evaluate the anti-grazing properties of these karlotoxins, we conducted food removal experiments using the cosmopolitan copepod grazer Acartia tonsa. Wild-caught, adult female A. tonsa were exposed to 6 monoalgal or mixed algal diets made using bloom concentrations of toxic (CCMP 2064) and non-toxic (CSIC1) strains of K. veneficum. Ingestion and clearance rates were calculated using the equations of Frost (1972). Exposure to the toxic strain of K. veneficum did not contribute to an increased mortality of the copepods and no significant differences in copepod mortality were found among the experimental diets. However, A. tonsa had significantly greater clearance and ingestion rates when exposed to a monoalgal diet of the non-toxic strain CSIC1 than when exposed to the monoalgal diet of toxic strain CCMP 2064 and mixed diets dominated by this toxic strain. These results support the hypothesis that karlotoxins in certain strains of K. veneficum deter grazing by potential predators and contribute to the formation and continuation of blooms. C1 [Waggett, Rebecca J.; Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Place, Allen R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Waggett, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Rebecca.Waggett@noaa.gov RI Place, Allen/F-9267-2013 FU CCFHR; NOS; NOAA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Ocean Program [NA04NOS4780276]; Center of Marine Biotechnology [08-183]; ECOHAB program [267] FX We thank J. E. Adolf of COMB UMBI for toxin analysis of Karlodinium veneficum strains. M. W. Vandersea offered advice and guidance with our CMFDA staining protocol. We are grateful to R. W. Litaker and S. Kibler for critical review of this manuscript. Funding for R.J.W. was provided through a NRC RAP postdoctoral research associateship funded by the CCFHR, NOS, NOAA. This paper is partially a result of research funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Ocean Program under award #NA04NOS4780276 to University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute. This is contribution # 08-183 from the Center of Marine Biotechnology and contribution #267 from the ECOHAB program. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 366 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.3354/meps07518 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 356HH UT WOS:000259768800003 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Peterson, WT Auth, TD Soulen, HL Parnel, MM Emerson, AA AF Brodeur, Richard D. Peterson, William T. Auth, Toby D. Soulen, Heather L. Parnel, Maria M. Emerson, Ashley A. TI Abundance and diversity of coastal fish larvae as indicators of recent changes in ocean and climate conditions in the Oregon upwelling zone SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE larval fish; density; diversity; temporal variability; upwelling ecosystem; California Current ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; PACIFIC; ASSEMBLAGES; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; BAY AB We examined ichthyoplankton sampled from 2 stations, 9 and 18 krn offshore of Newport, Oregon, USA, over a decade of cruises every 2 wk from 1996 to 2005. The 10 most dominant taxa comprised approximately 87.3 % of the total catch. Concentration of fish larvae was highest in January to March, whereas diversity peaked from March through May. Both overall diversity and density of larval fishes were relatively constant throughout the period of 1996 to 2003, with a dramatic decrease in these metrics since 2004, especially for winter-spawning (January-May) species. During cool years (1999-2002), the assemblage was dominated by northern or coastal taxa such as sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, sanddabs Citharichthys spp., and smelts Osmeridae, whereas in warm years (2003-2005), southern or offshore taxa such as English sole Parophrys vetulus, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, and rockfishes Sebastes spp. were more abundant. These changes were related to concurrent shifts in the zooplankton biomass and composition off Oregon during cold and warm environmental regimes. We have identified a small subset of fish whose larvae can be monitored as indicators of warm and cold phases in the northeast Pacific Ocean. C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.; Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Auth, Toby D.; Soulen, Heather L.; Parnel, Maria M.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Emerson, Ashley A.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rick.brodeur@noaa.gov FU Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) initiative; U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC); Northeast Pacific (NEP) Program [595] FX We thank L. Feinberg, T. Shaw, J. Keister, and M. Vance for assistance in sampling. We also thank R. Hooff, S. Remples, and J. Colbert for assistance in data analysis, and E. Bjorkstedt, E. Casillas, M. Doyle, and several anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was funded by the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) initiative and the U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) Northeast Pacific (NEP) Program (contribution 595). NR 48 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 366 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.3354/meps07539 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 356HH UT WOS:000259768800017 ER PT J AU Taggart, SJ Mondragon, J Andrews, AG Nielsen, JK AF Taggart, S. James Mondragon, Jennifer Andrews, Alexander G. Nielsen, Julie K. TI Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: implications for the design of marine protected areas SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE marine protected area; MPA; marine reserve; sonic tracking; transfer rate; acoustic monitoring; Paralithodes camtschaticus; Chionoecetes bairdi ID PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICA; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; SPINY LOBSTERS; LONG-TERM; RESERVES; SPILLOVER; ALASKA; FISHERIES; ASSOCIATION; POPULATIONS AB Most examples of positive population responses to marine protected areas (MPAs) have been documented for tropical reef species with very small home ranges; the utility of MPAs for commercially harvested temperate species that have large movement patterns remains poorly tested. We measured the distribution and abundance of red king Paralithodes camtschaticus and Tanner Chionoecetes bairdi crabs inside and outside of MPAs in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA. By tagging a sub-sample of crabs with sonic tags, we estimated the movement of adult crabs from one of the MPAs (Muir Inlet) into the central portion of Glacier Bay where fishing still occurs. Tanner crabs and red king crabs moved similar average distances per day, although Tanner crabs had a higher transfer out of the Muir Inlet MPA into the central bay, Tanner crab movements were characterized by large variation among individual crabs, both in distance and direction traveled, while red king crabs migrated seasonally between 2 specific areas. Although Tanner crabs exhibited relatively large movements, distribution and abundance data suggest that they may be restricted at large spatial scales by habitat barriers. MPAs that are effective at protecting king and especially Tanner crab brood stock from fishing mortality will likely need to be larger than is typical of MPAs worldwide. However, by incorporating information on the seasonal movements of red king crabs and the location of habitat barriers for Tanner crabs, MPAs could likely be designed that would effectively protect adults from fishing mortality. C1 [Taggart, S. James; Mondragon, Jennifer; Andrews, Alexander G.; Nielsen, Julie K.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Taggart, SJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 709 W 9th St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM spjataggart@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey; National Park Service FX We thank the many people that made this project possible. J. de La Bruere made the field work efficient and enjoyable through his expert ability to operate the RV 'Alaskan Gyre.' J. Clark provided valuable advice on the sampling design, T. Shirley, B. Bechtol, and 4 anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey and the National Park Service. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 365 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.3354/meps074193 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350UU UT WOS:000259379600014 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ Gross, K Simon, VH Hastie, J AF Harvey, Chris J. Gross, Kevin Simon, Victor H. Hastie, James TI Trophic and fishery interactions between Pacific hake and rockfish: effect on rockfish population rebuilding times SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE predator-prey interactions; bycatch; recovery plans; ecosystem-based fisheries management; climate variability; mortality ID MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; WEST-COAST; VANCOUVER ISLAND; STOMACH CONTENTS; FOOD; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; SEBASTES; DIET AB Several species of overfished Pacific rockfish (genus Sebastes) are incidentally caught in the fishery targeting Pacific hake Merluccius productus. Juvenile rockfish also comprise a small amount of Pacific hake diets. We used 2-species, age-structured models to estimate how prey selectivity by Pacific hake, life history and population structure of rockfish, spatiotemporal overlap, and fishery closures might affect the time required to rebuild overfished rockfish populations to 40% of unfished spawning stock biomass. As prey selectivity increased, rebuilding time increased moderately for widow rockfish S. entomelas and darkblotched rockfish S. crameri, and more sharply for canary rockfish S. pinniger. Darkblotched rockfish were the least sensitive to Pacific hake predatory selectivity, which was likely related to their rarity in Pacific hake diets, not their stochastic reproductive success. Spatiotemporal overlap between rockfish and Pacific hake also increased rebuilding times, primarily because of higher rockfish bycatch, not predation. Early fishery closures and Pacific hake predation had an interactive effect that prolonged widow and canary rockfish rebuilding times, partly as a function of model assumptions and partly because fishery closures led to increased predation on juvenile rockfish. Because an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management: involves considering the influence of ecological factors on fish populations, models that examine interactions between depleted species and predatory species are essential. In this case, it appears that overfished rockfish rebuilding times can be significantly affected by the dynamics of a key predator, but also that the predatory effect can be mitigated by effective bycatch control. C1 [Harvey, Chris J.; Simon, Victor H.; Hastie, James] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gross, Kevin] N Carolina State Univ, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlanke Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM chris.harvey@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 365 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.3354/meps07510 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350UU UT WOS:000259379600015 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Friedlander, AM Sandin, SA Sala, E AF DeMartini, Edward E. Friedlander, Alan M. Sandin, Stuart A. Sala, Enric TI Differences in fish-assemblage structure between fished and unfished atolls in the northern Line Islands, central Pacific SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE apex predation; fisheries extraction; prey body size distribution; inverted biomass pyramid; latitudinal gradient; upwelling; body size at sex change; parrotfishes ID CORAL-REEF-FISH; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; BODY-SIZE; MORTALITY; BIOMASS; PREDATOR; COMMUNITIES; DENSITY; GROWTH; COMPETITION AB We describe the abundance, biomass, size composition, and trophic structure of fish assemblages of shallow (10 m depth) fore reef habitats at 2 US Pacific atolls (Kingman, Palmyra) and 2 Kiribati-owned atolls (Tabuaeran, Kiritimati) in the northern Line Islands. Our characterization spans several coincident gradients (in human habitation and exploitation, latitude, and nutrient upwelling) from uninhabited, presently unfished, and oligotrophic Kingman to relatively densely populated, fished, and equatorially upwelled Kiritimati. Major findings are most consistent with direct effects of extraction on large-bodied predators and indirect effects on lower-level assemblage structure. Fish assemblages at Palmyra and especially Kingman atolls were characterized by high total standing biomass, large average body sizes, a preponderance of apex predators and other piscivorous fishes in an inverted biomass pyramid, few and small planktivorous fishes, and herbivores dominated by non-territorial species. Median body sizes at color change from initial to terminal phase (an index of sex change in parrotfishes) were also small for 4 species of parrotfish at Kingman and Palmyra. Fish assemblages at Tabuaeran and especially Kiritimati atolls had starkly contrasting characteristics: piscivorous and other fisheries-targeted fishes were depauperate, lower-trophic levels dominated fish biomass, planktivorous fishes were targer-bodied and more numerous, territorial herbivores were better represented, and size at maturation in parrotfishes was proportionately larger. Our results show the effects that even modest fishing effort can have on assemblage structure and indicate the importance of reefs like Kingman as increasingly rare relicts of natural coral reefs, providing insights into the natural structure and function of these ecosystems. C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Biogeog Branch, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Ocean Inst, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Sandin, Stuart A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sala, Enric] CSIC, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes 17300, Spain. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU Moore Family Foundation; Fairweather Foundation; National Geographic Society; Conservation International; NOAA Office of Habitat Conservation; Coral Reef Ecosystem Division of the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIC); NOAA Fisheries; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Kiribati Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agriculture Development; The Nature Conservancy FX This research was supported by the Moore Family Foundation, the Fairweather Foundation, National Geographic Society, Conservation International, E. Scripps, J. Gayler, and several private donors. E.E.D. thanks the NOAA Office of Habitat Conservation and the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division of the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIC) for general support and gratefully acknowledges travel funds awarded by NOAA Fisheries to the PIC. This work was conducted with the support of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Kiribati Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agriculture Development, and The Nature Conservancy. We also thank L. Wedding for crafting Fig. 1 and C. Boggs, N. Graham, J. McPherson, J. Baum, and several anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms of the draft manuscript. NR 52 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 60 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 365 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.3354/meps07501 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350UU UT WOS:000259379600018 ER PT J AU Goodyear, CP Luo, JG Prince, ED Hoolihan, JP Snodgrass, D Orbesen, ES Serafy, JE AF Goodyear, C. Phillip Luo, Jiangang Prince, Eric D. Hoolihan, John P. Snodgrass, Derke Orbesen, Eric S. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Vertical habitat use of Atlantic blue marlin Makaira nigricans: interaction with pelagic longline gear SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE blue marlin; habitat; behavior; thermocline; spatial variation; longlines ID DEPTH; BILLFISHES; HYPOXIA; FISHES; COMPRESSION; ASSESSMENTS; MOVEMENTS; TELEMETRY; FRAMEWORK; INDEXES AB We characterized Atlantic blue marlin Makaira nigricans temperature depth vertical habitat utilization from data collected using 51 electronic pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) attached to fish released by recreational and commercial fishers. Most source data were in the form of 3 or 6 h, temperature- and depth-frequency histograms transmitted by the tags to the ARGOS satellite system. However, high resolution time series of temperatures, depths (30 or 60 s resolution), and light intensity were obtained from 6 tags that were physically recovered. The distributions of times at depth were significantly different between day and night. During daylight hours, the fish were typically below the near-surface layer, often at 40 to >100 m, sometimes remaining below the near-surface layer at depth throughout the daylight hours, but often returning briefly to the surface. At night, the fish spent most of their time at or very close to the surface. This pattern of behavior also meant that the distributions of time at temperature were significantly different between day and night, with the fish occupying warmer strata during darkness. We evaluated the fractions of time spent by each fish within each degree of water temperature relative to the temperature of the surface mixed layer to assess assumptions used to model population abundance trends from pelagic longline catch per unit effort (CPUE) data. Frequency distributions were determined for periods of darkness, daylight and, where possible, twilight. Results were highly variable within the time series for individual fish and among individuals. Assumptions about habitat usage in previous CPUE analyses are clearly inappropriate and may lead to serious errors that can propagate through the fisheries management system. C1 [Prince, Eric D.; Hoolihan, John P.; Snodgrass, Derke; Orbesen, Eric S.; Serafy, Joseph E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Luo, Jiangang] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Prince, ED (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 VA Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eric.prince@noaa.gov RI Orbesen, Eric/D-2220-2012 FU Billfish Foundation; US National Marine Fisheries Service FX The Billfish Foundation and US National Marine Fisheries Service supported C.P.G.'s contribution to this study. R. Nelson, B. Luckhurst, and G. Harvey assisted in deploying PSATs. We thank,all participants in our Adopt-A-Billfish Program for sponsoring tags, providing tagging platforms, and transferring fish to our tagging vessels, References to commercial products do not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service or the authors. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 365 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.3354/meps07505 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350UU UT WOS:000259379600020 ER PT J AU Wells, BK Field, JC Thayer, JA Grimes, CB Bograd, SJ Sydeman, WJ Schwing, FB Hewitt, R AF Wells, B. K. Field, J. C. Thayer, J. A. Grimes, C. B. Bograd, S. J. Sydeman, W. J. Schwing, F. B. Hewitt, R. TI Untangling the relationships among climate, prey and top predators in an ocean ecosystem SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE common murre; auklet; krill; rockfish; California current; climate ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; COASTAL UPWELLING SYSTEM; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLASS STRENGTH; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB Successful ecosystem-based conservation of marine resources can benefit from quantitative indicators of ecosystem productivity, particularly if such indicators quantify and incorporate the relationships between physical and biological components of the ecosystem simultaneously. Despite widespread explorations of relationships between physical processes particularly important to the ocean system (e.g. wind indices, advection and retention of coastal waters, sea surface temperature, coastal sea level and the temporal aspects of these factors) and resulting biological responses, explicit understanding of mechanistic connections often remains elusive. We use path analysis and partial least squares regression to visualize and quantify links between biological and physical components in the California Current ecosystem and to predict reproductive success at 3 trophic levels, We examine the applicability of this approach using a hierarchical pattern Of environmental indices, relationships previously described in the literature and quantitative measures of zooplankton, fish and seabird productivity. We show that each trophic level and community production can be described using environmental and biological data in a manner that provides a comprehensive evaluation of physical and biological connectivity and mechanisms. Importantly, our approach to modeling an ecosystem represents a practical middle ground between simple correlative methods typically employed and a perhaps unattainable complete mechanistic understanding of all physical and biological mechanisms regulating variability in reproductive success. C1 [Wells, B. K.; Field, J. C.; Grimes, C. B.] NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wells, B. K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Thayer, J. A.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Bograd, S. J.; Schwing, F. B.] NOAA Fisheries, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Sydeman, W. J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Hewitt, R.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Wells, BK (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM brian.wells@noaa.gov RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 FU NOAA Fisheries; Environment program FX D. Field, K. Hill, K. Lieberman, A. MacCall, D. Naik, M. Ohman, M. O'Farrell and K. Stierhoff provided advice. We also appreciate people who collected and maintained the data sources we used. We particularly appreciate the crew of the NOAA ship 'David Starr Jordan' without whom the biological time series could not have been collected. Funding was provided to the authors by NOAA Fisheries and the Environment program. NR 59 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 364 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.3354/meps07486 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 342VD UT WOS:000258810800002 ER PT J AU Gnanadesikan, A Marinov, I AF Gnanadesikan, Anand Marinov, Irina TI Export is not enough: nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ocean iron fertilization; preformed nutrients; carbon sequestration ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; IRON FERTILIZATION; BIOLOGICAL PUMP; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; DRAWDOWN; IMPACT AB The question of whether ocean iron fertilization (OIF) can yield verifiable carbon sequestration is often cast in terms of whether fertilization results in enhanced particle export, However, model studies show that oceanic carbon storage is only weakly related to global particle export-depending instead on an increase in the carbon associated with the pool of remineralized nutrients. The magnitude of such an increase depends on circulation, stoichiometric ratios and gas exchange. We argue that this puts serious challenges before efforts to properly credit OIF that must be taken into account at the design stage. C1 [Gnanadesikan, Anand] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Marinov, Irina] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM anand.gnanadesikan@noaa.gov RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 364 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.3354/meps07550 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 342VD UT WOS:000258810800028 ER PT J AU Redfern, JV Barlow, J Ballance, LT Gerrodette, T Becker, EA AF Redfern, J. V. Barlow, J. Ballance, L. T. Gerrodette, T. Becker, E. A. TI Absence of scale dependence in dolphin-habitat models for the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE dolphin density; habitat modeling; striped dolphin; Stenella coeruleoalba; eastern spinner dolphin; Stenella longirostris orientalis; short-beaked common dolphin; Delphinus delphis; Risso's dolphin; Grampus griseus ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; SEABIRDS; ECOLOGY; SEA; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; ISLAND; FISH AB Research into the effects of scale on cetacean-habitat relationships is limited and has produced ambiguous results. We explored the effects of spatial resolution (a component of scale) on dolphin-habitat models using 4 yr of data collected in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP). We developed generalized additive models of dolphin-habitat relationships for 4 species at 6 spatial resolutions using oceanographic and geographic habitat variables. For all species, the ecological patterns in the models built at the different resolutions were similar: the same variables frequently occurred at multiple resolutions and had similar functional forms, and maps of predicted distributions identified similar high and low density regions. Additionally, interannual habitat variability, which is most likely related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, had a greater impact on the predictive power of dolphin-habitat models than spatial resolution. Although it is common to find scale dependence in species-habitat relationships, domains of scale exist in which ecological patterns do not change. The absence of scale dependence in the models for the 4 dolphin species suggests that resolutions from 2 to 120 kin occur within a single domain of scale in the ETP. This domain of scale may be determined by the physical oceanography of the ETP, which is generally defined by large-scale processes. Although resolutions from 2 to 120 kin appear to occur within a domain of scale, building models at the larger resolutions we investigated may reduce the noise in the data due to false absences. C1 [Redfern, J. V.; Barlow, J.; Ballance, L. T.; Gerrodette, T.; Becker, E. A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Redfern, JV (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jessica.redfern@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 363 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3354/meps07495 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 336JI UT WOS:000258359700001 ER PT J AU Hegaret, H Shumway, SE Wikfors, GH Pate, S Burkholder, JM AF Hegaret, Helene Shumway, Sandra E. Wikfors, Gary H. Pate, Susan Burkholder, Joann M. TI Potential transport of harmful algae via relocation of bivalve molluscs SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE bivalve mollusc; harmful algal bloom; toxic algae; transport; clam s; scallop; oyster ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; ALEXANDRIUM-CATENELLA; GUT PASSAGE; DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; DINOPHYCEAE; BLOOMS; INGESTION; VIABILITY; VIRGINICA AB Aquaculture and restoration activities with bivalve molluscs often involve moving individuals from one body of water to another. Our study tests the hypothesis that harmful algae ingested by source populations of shellfish can be introduced into new environments by means of these shellfish relocations. Cultures of several harmful algal strains, including Prorocentrum minimum, Alexandrium fundyense, Heterosigma akashiwo, Aureococcus anophagefferens, Karenia mikimotoi and Alexandrium monflatum, were fed to various species of bivalve molluscs, Crassostrea virginica, Argopecten irradians irradians, Mercenaria mercenaria, Mytilus edulis, Mya arenaria, Venerupis philippinarum and Perna viridis, to assess the ability of the algal cells to pass intact though the digestive tracts of the shellfish and subsequently multiply in number. Ten individuals of each shellfish species were exposed for 2 d to it simulated harmful algal bloom at a natural bloom concentration. The shellfish were removed after exposure, and maintained for 2 further days in ultra-filtered seawater. Biodeposits (feces) were collected after 24 and 48 additional hours, and observed under light microscopy for the presence or absence of intact, potentially viable algal cells or temporary cysts. Subsamples of biodeposits were transferred into both algal culture medium and filtered seawater and monitored for algal growth. Intact cells of most harmful algal species tested were seen in biodeposits. Generally, harmful algae from the biodeposits collected in the first 24 h after transfer re-established growing populations, but algae could less often be recovered from the biodeposits collected after 48 h. These data provide evidence that transplanted bivalve molluscs may be vectors for the transport of harmful algae and that a short holding period in water without algae may mitigate this risk. Further, preliminary results indicate that emersion may also serve to mitigate the risk of transport. C1 [Hegaret, Helene; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Pate, Susan; Burkholder, Joann M.] N Carolina State Univ, CAAE, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shumway, SE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM sandra.shumway@uconn.edu RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008 OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013 NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 361 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.3354/meps07375 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 322ZM UT WOS:000257413800016 ER PT J AU Natanson, LJ Wintner, SP Johansson, F Piercy, A Campbell, P De Maddalena, A Gulak, SJB Human, B Fulgosi, FC Ebert, DA Hemida, F Mollen, FH Vanni, S Burgess, GH Compagno, LJV Wedderburn-Maxwell, A AF Natanson, Lisa J. Wintner, Sabine P. Johansson, Friederike Piercy, Andrew Campbell, Patrick De Maddalena, Alessandro Gulak, Simon J. B. Human, Brett Fulgosi, Franco Cigala Ebert, David A. Hemida, Farid Mollen, Frederik H. Vanni, Stefano Burgess, George H. Compagno, Leonard J. V. Wedderburn-Maxwell, Andrew TI Ontogenetic vertebral growth patterns in the basking shark Cetorhinus maximus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE basking shark; Cetorhinus maximus; age growth; vertebrae ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; AGE-DETERMINATION; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; SHORTFIN MAKO; VALIDATED AGE; SYMMETRY; WATERS; COUNTS AB Age and growth of the basking shark Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus) was examined using vertebral samples from 13 females (261 to 856 cm total length [TL]), 16 males (311 to 840 cm TL) and 11 specimens of unknown sex (376 to 853 cm TL). Vertebral samples were obtained worldwide from museums and institutional and private collections. Examination of multiple vertebrae from along the vertebral column of 10 specimens indicated that vertebral morphology and band pair (alternating opaque and translucent bands) counts changed dramatically along an individual column. Smaller sharks had similar band pair counts along the length of the vertebral column while large sharks had a difference of up to 24 band pairs between the highest and lowest count along the column. Our evidence indicates that band pair deposition may be related to growth and not time in this species and thus the basking shark cannot be directly aged using vertebral band pair counts. C1 [Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Wintner, Sabine P.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Biomed Resource Unit, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [Wintner, Sabine P.] Natal Sharks Board, ZA-4320 Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa. [Johansson, Friederike] Goteborg Nat Hist Museum, Vertebrate Sect, S-40235 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Piercy, Andrew; Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Program Shark Res, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Campbell, Patrick] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [De Maddalena, Alessandro] Banca Dati Italiana Squalo Bianco, I-20145 Milan, Italy. [Gulak, Simon J. B.] NOAA, Pelag Observer Program, S E Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Human, Brett] Marine Sci & Fisheries Ctr, Biodivers Project, Muscat, Oman. [Fulgosi, Franco Cigala] Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Ebert, David A.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pacific Shark Res Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Hemida, Farid] USTHB, FSB, Lab Ecol & Environm, Projet Halieutique, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Alger, Algeria. [Mollen, Frederik H.] Elasmobranch Res, B-2590 Berlaar, Belgium. [Vanni, Stefano] Museo Storia Nat Univ, Sez Zool La Specola, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Compagno, Leonard J. V.] S African Museum, Shark Res Ctr, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. [Wedderburn-Maxwell, Andrew] Umhlanga Hosp, Dept Radiol, ZA-4320 Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa. RP Natanson, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lisa.natanson@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 361 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.3354/meps07399 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 322ZM UT WOS:000257413800024 ER PT J AU Berline, L Spitz, YH Ashjian, CJ Campbell, RG Maslowski, W Moore, SE AF Berline, L. Spitz, Y. H. Ashjian, C. J. Campbell, R. G. Maslowski, W. Moore, S. E. TI Euphausiid transport in the Western Arctic Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE euphausiid; Thysanoessa spp.; Bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; Western Arctic Ocean; Chukchi Sea; lagrangian drifter; zooplankton advection model ID THYSANOESSA-INERMIS KROYER; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; BOWHEAD WHALES; LIFE-HISTORY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; KRILL TRANSPORT; SOUTH GEORGIA; BARENTS SEA; CHUKCHI SEA; SCOTIA SEA AB Euphausiids are commonly found in the stomachs of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus hunted near Barrow, Alaska; however, no evidence exists of a self-sustaining population in this region. To explain euphausiid presence near Barrow, their transport from the northern Bering Sea was investigated through particle tracking experiments using velocity fields from an ocean general circulation model in 4 contrasted circulation scenarios (1997, 1998, 2002 and 2003). Euphausiids were released during their spawning season (April-June) in the bottom and surface layers in the northern Bering Sea, their endemic region, and tracked through the Chukchi-Beaufort Sea. Results show that both Anadyr Gulf and Shpanberg Strait are potential regions of origin for euphausiids. Topographically steered bottom particles have 4 to 5 times higher probability of reaching Barrow than surface particles (ca. 95% versus 20% of particles). As euphausiids are often found near the bottom on the northern Bering shelf, this suggests a very high probability of euphausiids reaching Barrow, making this location a privileged area for whale feeding. The main pathways to Barrow across the Chukchi Sea shelf are Central Valley (CV) and Herald Valley (HV). The transit to Barrow takes 4 to 20 mo. Arrivals at Barrow have 2 peaks at ca. 200 d (fall, CV particles) and 395 d after release (spring, mixed CV and HV) on average, because of the seasonal cycle of the Chukchi Sea currents. Elevated euphausiid abundance in the fall at Barrow is favored by a high Bering Strait northward transport and by southerly winds, driving organisms through CV rather than through the HV pathway. C1 [Berline, L.; Spitz, Y. H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ashjian, C. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Campbell, R. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Maslowski, W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Moore, S. E.] Univ Washington, APL, AFSC, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Berline, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM leo@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Berline, Leo/0000-0002-5831-7399 NR 57 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 360 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.3354/meps07387 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 317WH UT WOS:000257050600015 ER PT J AU Sogard, SM Berkeley, SA Fisher, R AF Sogard, Susan M. Berkeley, Steven A. Fisher, Rebecca TI Maternal effects in rockfishes Sebastes spp.: a comparison among species SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE larval quality; lipid provisioning; spawning timing; Sebastes spp. ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; MARINE FISH; EGG SIZE; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; AGE STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC COD; FECUNDITY; REPRODUCTION; RECRUITMENT AB In temporally variable environments, longevity is generally considered to be a bet-hedging adaptation in which reproductive effort is spread across many years, increasing the probability that favorable conditions for larvae will be encountered at least some time in a female's life span. A long reproductive life span provides the potential for individual females to exhibit inter-annual differences in energy allocation patterns that may be age- or size-dependent. We examine the effects of maternal age and size on larval quality, fecundity, and timing of parturition in 5 species of live-bearing rockfishes in the genus Sebastes (blue, yellowtail, olive, gopher, and kelp rockfish), and compare these maternal effects with previously documented patterns in black rockfish Sebastes melanops. Larval quality was indexed by size (notochord length) and condition (lipid storage in the oil globule). Maternal effects were found for oil globule size in blue, yellowtail and gopher rockfish, for weight-specific fecundity in blue and yellowtail rockfish, and for parturition date in blue, yellowtail, and kelp rockfish. In all cases the maternal effects were similar to those reported for black rockfish, with increasing lipid provisioning of larvae, greater weight-specific fecundity, and earlier timing of parturition in the spawning season with increasing maternal age or size. No effect of maternal age or size on larval size was observed. In general, maternal effects were more evident in winter spawning species of the subgenus Sebastosomus (black, blue, olive, and yellowtail rockfish) than the spring spawning species of the subgenus Pteropodus (gopher and kelp rockfish). These results confirm that older and larger females in rockfish populations may contribute disproportionately to larval recruitment by producing higher quality larvae and more larvae per unit biomass, and releasing them at a different time than younger and smaller females. A shift in timing of parturition with female age may constitute a diversified bet-hedging strategy, providing a temporal spread of spawning effort within a maternal lineage, whereby successive female progeny release larvae at different times within the same year. C1 [Sogard, Susan M.; Fisher, Rebecca] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Berkeley, Steven A.; Fisher, Rebecca] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Sogard, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM susan.sogard@noaa.gov RI Fisher, Rebecca/C-5459-2011; OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0001-5148-6731 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 360 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.3354/meps07468 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 317WH UT WOS:000257050600021 ER PT J AU North, EW Schlag, Z Hood, RR Li, M Zhong, L Gross, T Kennedy, VS AF North, E. W. Schlag, Z. Hood, R. R. Li, M. Zhong, L. Gross, T. Kennedy, V. S. TI Vertical swimming behavior influences the dispersal of simulated oyster larvae in a coupled particle-tracking and hydrodynamic model of Chesapeake Bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE connectivity; coupled bio-physical model; Crassostrea virginica; Crassostrea ariakensis; larval transport; larval swimming behavior; larval dispersal; particle-tracking model ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA LARVAE; RANDOM-WALK MODELS; BIVALVE LARVAE; EASTERN OYSTER; MIXED ESTUARY; JAMES RIVER; SETTLEMENT; TRANSPORT; SURVIVAL; WATER AB Because planktonic organisms have swimming speeds that are orders of magnitude lower than horizontal current velocities, it is unclear whether behavior of weak-swimming bivalve larvae could influence dispersal distance, encounters with suitable habitat, or subpopulation connectivity. We used a numerical approach to investigate whether these processes could be affected by species-specific differences in larval vertical swimming behavior of 2 oyster species (Crassostrea virginica and C. ariakensis) in Chesapeake Bay, a partially mixed estuary. A coupled particle-tracking and hydrodynamic model was forced with observed winds and freshwater flow and included the best available estimate of present-day oyster habitat. Model scenarios were conducted with hydrodynamic predictions from June to September, 1995 to 1999, to simulate a range of environmental conditions. Simple larval swimming behaviors were parameterized for the 2 oyster species with results from preliminary laboratory experiments and literature. To isolate the effect of circulation, settlement habitat, and larval behavior on the spatial trajectories of particles, vertical swimming velocity was the only biological process represented in the model; egg production and larval growth were not included. Differences in larval swimming behavior had significant consequences for particle transport in Chesapeake Bay by influencing dispersal distances, transport success, and the degree of connectivity between 'subpopulations' in different tributaries. Most particles (>96%) did not return to the same reef on which they were released, and there were behavior-dependent differences in spatial patterns of the 'source' and 'sink' characteristics of oyster reefs. Simulated larval behavior had greater influence on spatial patterns of transport success than did interannual differences in circulation patterns. These model results have implications for fisheries management and oyster restoration activities. C1 [North, E. W.; Schlag, Z.; Hood, R. R.; Li, M.; Zhong, L.; Kennedy, V. S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Gross, T.] NOAA NOS, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Gross, T.] Chesapeake Res Consortium, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP North, EW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM enorth@hpl.umces.edu RI Kennedy, Victor/D-5854-2012; hood, raleigh/F-9364-2013; North, Elizabeth/F-9355-2013; Li, Ming/B-3485-2015 OI Li, Ming/0000-0003-1492-4127 NR 66 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 5 U2 51 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 359 BP 99 EP 115 DI 10.3354/meps07317 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 307SG UT WOS:000256338000008 ER PT J AU Roth, BM Rose, KA Rozas, LP Minello, TJ AF Roth, B. M. Rose, K. A. Rozas, L. P. Minello, T. J. TI Relative influence of habitat fragmentation and inundation on brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus production in northern Gulf of Mexico salt marshes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Farfantepenaeus aztecus; fragmentation; inundation; production; Spartina; salt marsh; gulf of Mexico; estuaries; individual-based model ID MISSISSIPPI DELTA; PENAEUS-AZTECUS; NEKTON USE; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; GALVESTON BAY; FISH MOVEMENT; TIDAL MARSH; LAND LOSS; LOUISIANA; EDGE AB We used a spatially explicit individual-based model to investigate the relative influences of inundation and habitat fragmentation on brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus production in northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) salt marshes. The model simulates the mortality, growth, and movement of a population of brown shrimp from their arrival in Spartina salt marsh as post-larvae in spring to their emigration as sub-adults in summer and fall. We quantified production in terms of sub-adult export, growth production (a measure of total shrimp growth), and trophic transfer (total shrimp mortality). We utilized a factorial design to simulate shrimp on all combinations of 4 maps that represented an idealized progression of habitat fragmentation and 4 inundation regimes from each of 2 locations in the NGOM (Louisiana and Texas). We also quantified the configuration of the marsh landscape to determine if specific metrics could be utilized as a proxy for shrimp production within a single inundation regime. Our results indicate that inundation is more important than habitat fragmentation for determining sub-adult export, growth production, and trophic transfer, but that marsh configuration has a strong influence on shrimp production within a single inundation regime. Inundation affected all 3 measures of shrimp production, primarily due to decreased mortality incurred when shrimp have access to vegetation through marsh flooding. We conclude that simple metrics of marsh configuration are capable of adequate predictions of shrimp production in static landscapes, but future research must consider the dynamic relationship between inundation and marsh fragmentation to fully assess how these forces affect shrimp production. C1 [Roth, B. M.; Rose, K. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rozas, L. P.] NOAA Fisheries, SEFC Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, T. J.] NOAA Fisheries, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Roth, BM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM broth2@lsu.edu NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 359 BP 185 EP 202 DI 10.3354/meps07380 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 307SG UT WOS:000256338000015 ER PT J AU Suchman, CL Daly, EA Keister, JE Peterson, WT Brodeur, RD AF Suchman, Cynthia L. Daly, Elizabeth A. Keister, Julie E. Peterson, William T. Brodeur, Richard D. TI Feeding patterns and predation potential of scyphomedusae in a highly productive upwelling region SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE gelatinous zooplankton; coastal upwelling; euphausiids; California current; scyphozoa; Aurelia; Chrysaora; phacellophora ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; AURELIA-AURITA; CENTRAL OREGON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EUPHAUSIA-PACIFICA; AEQUOREA-AEQUOREA; CYANEA-CAPILLATA; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; SURFACE WATERS; PREY SELECTION AB We quantified diet and predation rates for large scyphomedusae from a coastal upwelling region. In the Northern California Current, early stages of euphausiids, gelatinous taxa, and cladocerans were particularly vulnerable to predation by Chrysaora fuscescens, Aurelia labiata, and Phacellophora camtschatica, whereas copepods were not. Moreover, C. fuscescens had the potential to deplete the standing stock of euphausiid eggs where predator and prey overlapped. During August 2002, C. fuscescens ingested an average 32.5% of the standing stock of euphausiid eggs each day at stations close to shore and north of Cape Blanco (42.9 degrees N, 126.6 degrees W) where maximum abundances of the medusae occurred. Ingestion of other vulnerable prey, such as other early stages of euphausiids and gelatinous taxa, reached 10 to 12% d(-1). In contrast, we calculated the maximum removal rate of the standing stock of copepods to be < 1% d(-1). Given the importance of euphausiids to fish and other top predators, and the potential for changes in abundance and distribution of both predator and prey taxa with changes in climate, we suggest that gelatinous zooplankton abundance and predation impacts be incorporated within long-term studies and ecosystem models. C1 [Suchman, Cynthia L.; Peterson, William T.; Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Daly, Elizabeth A.; Keister, Julie E.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Suchman, CL (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM csuchman@vims.edu RI Keister, Julie/J-8720-2012 OI Keister, Julie/0000-0002-9385-5889 NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 358 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.3354/meps07313 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 306DK UT WOS:000256228300015 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, BM McCandless, CT Kohler, NE Recksiek, CW Skomal, GB AF DeAngelis, Bryan M. McCandless, Camilla T. Kohler, Nancy E. Recksiek, Conrad W. Skomal, Gregory B. TI First characterization of shark nursery habitat in the United States Virgin Islands: evidence of habitat partitioning by two shark species SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE shark nurseries; blacktip shark; Carcharhinus limbatus; lemon shark; Negaprion brevirostris; United States Virgin Islands ID JUVENILE BLACKTIP SHARKS; LEMON SHARKS; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; SANDBAR SHARKS; DELAWARE BAY; FOOD-HABITS; BIOLOGY; GROWTH; AREA AB Little is known of the diversity, demography, and essential fish habitat of sharks within the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) marine ecosystem. To examine species diversity and the relative abundance of elasmobranchs in this region, bottom-longline and hand-gear sampling was conducted in Fish Bay, St. John, USVI, from June 2004 to December 2005. In the 8 sampling trips during this period, 54 standardized longline sets caught 174 elasmobranchs comprising 5 species of sharks and 1 batoid. Overall catch per unit effort [ln(CPUE + 1) +/- SE] was 1.83 +/- 0.16 elasmobranchs 100 hooks(-1) h(-1). Lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris had the highest relative abundance based on log-transformed CPUE data (0.98 +/- 0.15), followed by blacktip sharks Carcharhinus limbatus (0.91 +/- 0.18), southern stingrays Dasyatis americana (0.28 +/- 0.08), nurse sharks Ginglymostoma cirratum (0.08 +/- 0.05), blacknose sharks Carcharhinus acronotus (0.06 +/- 0.04) and the Caribbean sharpnose Rhizoprionodon porosus (0.03 +/- 0.03). The relative abundance of all species was significantly higher in the summer (2.6 +/- 0.2) than during the winter (1.1 +/- 0.2). For the blacktip (N = 89 captures of 74 individuals) and lemon (N = 66, 48 individuals) sharks, which comprised the bulk of the catch, mean fork length ( SE) was 51.9 +/- 0.63 cm and 59.9 +/- 1.2 cm, respectively, representing primarily neonatal and young-of-the-year life stages. The recapture rates for blacktip and lemon sharks were 21% and 29%, respectively, and nearly all recaptures occurred within the bay, indicating a high degree of site fidelity. Capture information and limited acoustic tracking provided evidence of spatial and temporal habitat partitioning by these 2 shark species within the bay. Although the CPUE of both species was highest over shallow (< 1 m) seagrass substrate, lemon sharks were found and tracked exclusively on shallow, mangrove-fringed seagrass habitat, while blacktip sharks utilized a wider area of the bay. Fish Bay was determined to provide important nursery habitat for young juvenile lemon and blacktip sharks in the USVI. C1 [DeAngelis, Bryan M.; McCandless, Camilla T.; Kohler, Nancy E.] NOAA, NMFS, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Recksiek, Conrad W.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Skomal, Gregory B.] Massachusettes Div Marine Fisheries, Marthas Vineyard Field Stn, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568 USA. RP DeAngelis, BM (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM bryan.deangelis@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 358 BP 257 EP 271 DI 10.3354/meps07308 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 306DK UT WOS:000256228300024 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Hurst, TP AF Ryer, Clifford H. Hurst, Thomas P. TI Indirect predator effects on age-0 northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra: growth suppression and temporal reallocation of feeding SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE juvenile flatfish; growth rate; behavioral inhibition; habitat quality; non-lethal effects ID MARINE NURSERIES; HABITAT; BEHAVIOR; RISK; FLATFISH; RATES; PREY; SALMON; HYPOTHESIS; STRATEGIES AB Field observations reveal that age-0 northern rock sole avoid feeding during daylight hours, instead, concentrating their feeding at dusk. Laboratory studies demonstrate these fish to be extremely risk averse in their behavior relative to predators. We hypothesized that dusk feeding may be an adaptation to mitigate the conflict between feeding and predator avoidance, which if unresolved, could negatively affect not only short term survival, but growth as well. We designed experiments to examine firstly, whether growth of juvenile northern rock sole is suppressed by the perception of chronic predation risk, and secondly, whether growth suppression is alleviated by allowing fish to feed at dusk. Replicate groups of 15 fish were grown in the presence or absence of predators (2 walleye pollock) and given access to food under either daylight or dusk conditions over a 6 wk periods Flatfish growth was independently and negatively influenced by both predator presence and daylight conditions; fish fed in daylight in the presence of predators lost weight, while those fed under dusk conditions in the absence of predators grew faster. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that dusk feeding is a behavior that mitigates effects of predation, not only upon survival, but also upon growth. Further, if predator abundance influences growth, as suggested by our data, indirect predator effects such as growth suppression may significantly influence the quality of nursery habitats that differ in predator abundance. C1 [Ryer, Clifford H.; Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, NMFS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Ecol Pro, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Ecol Pro, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 357 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.3354/meps07303 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 296VE UT WOS:000255573100018 ER PT J AU Hyde, JR Kimbrell, C Robertson, L Clifford, K Lynn, E Vetter, R AF Hyde, John R. Kimbrell, Carol Robertson, Larry Clifford, Kevin Lynn, Eric Vetter, Russell TI Multiple paternity and maintenance of genetic diversity in the live-bearing rockfishes Sebastes spp. SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE multiple paternity; Sebastes; rockfish; mating system; polyandry; polygynandry ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; KELP ROCKFISH; MATING SYSTEM; SPERM STORAGE; MARINE FISH; REPRODUCTION; SCORPAENIDAE; ATROVIRENS; MARKERS AB The understanding of mating systems is key to the proper management of exploited species, particularly highly fecund, r-selected fishes, which often show strong discrepancies between census and effective population sizes. The development of polymorphic genetic markers, such as codominant nuclear microsatellites, has made it possible to study the paternity of individuals within a brood, helping to elucidate the species' mating system. In the present study, paternity analysis was performed on 35 broods, representing 17 species of the live-bearing scorpaenid genus Sebastes. We report on the finding of multiple paternity from several species of Sebastes and show that at least 3 sires can contribute paternity to a single brood. A phylogenetically and ecologically diverse sample of Sebastes species was examined, with multiple paternity found in 14 of the 35 broods and 10 of the 17 examined species, we suggest that this behavior is not a rare event within a single species and is likely common throughout the genus. Despite high variance in reproductive success, Sebastes spp., in general, show moderate to high levels of genetic diversity. We suggest that multiple paternity may be a form of bet hedging that serves to maximize genetic diversity within broods and that, regardless of the selective value at the level of individual fitness, the net effect at the population level may be a genetic buffer to the consequences of severe overexploitation. C1 [Hyde, John R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hyde, John R.; Kimbrell, Carol; Robertson, Larry; Lynn, Eric] NMFS, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Clifford, Kevin] Oregon Coast Aquarium, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hyde, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jrhyde@ucsd.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 357 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.3354/meps07296 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 296VE UT WOS:000255573100021 ER PT J AU Faunce, CH Serafy, JE AF Faunce, Craig H. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Selective use of mangrove shorelines by snappers, grunts, and great barracuda SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE essential fish habitat; habitat selection; delta approach; snapper; grunt; great barracuda; mangroves ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; SHALLOW-WATER HABITATS; SEAGRASS BEDS; SPHYRAENA-BARRACUDA; PATTERNS; NURSERY; BAY; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE AB We examined seasonal utilization of >500 km of mangrove shoreline within a subtropical continental system by Lutjanus griseus, L. apodus, Haemulon sciurus, H. parra, and Sphyraena barracuda over 2 consecutive years. Mangrove use by these species was examined in terms of frequency of occurrence, density (fish 60 m(-2)), Concentration (density among samples where number of fish >= 1), and selection (H-0: habitat use = availability). All species exhibited either seasonal or spatial habitat selection. Mangrove shorelines closest to the reef tract (Keys) were used by snappers and grunts at much greater levels than their availability would suggest, whereas more inland and expansive mangrove shorelines were largely selected against. This selection pattern was evident year round for L. apodus, H sciurus, and H. parra. In contrast, L. griseus preferred more inland mangroves during the dry season and Keys mangroves during the wet seasons. S. barracuda exhibited selection for Keys during the wet seasons and was the only species to exhibit non-selection (random) patterns among strata during the dry seasons. These results demonstrate that mangrove shorelines across broad spatial scales are not equivalent in their value as fish habitats, and that estimates of 'essential fish habitat' or 'nursery habitat' using total habitat area will grossly overestimate the amount of functional habitat used by these reef fishes. C1 [Faunce, Craig H.; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Faunce, CH (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM craig.faunce@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 356 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.3354/meps07231 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 288CN UT WOS:000254963900013 ER PT J AU Hinton, M Ramsdell, JS AF Hinton, Michael Ramsdell, John S. TI Brevetoxin in two planktivorous fishes after exposure to Karenia brevis: implications for food-web transfer to bottlenose dolphins SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE brevetoxin; Karenia brevis; red tide; menhaden; mullet; dolphin ID MULLET MUGIL-CEPHALUS; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; RED TIDES; GYMNODINIUM; BLOOD AB Brevetoxin uptake was analyzed in 2 common planktivorous fish that are likely food-web vectors for dolphin mortality events associated with brevetoxin-producing red tides. Fish were exposed to brevetoxin-producing Karenia brevis for 10 h under conditions previously reported to produce optimal uptake of toxin in blood after oral exposure. Striped mullet Mugil cephalus were exposed to a low dose of brevetoxin, and uptake and depuration by specific organs were evaluated over a 2 mo period. Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus specimens were used to characterize a higher brevetoxin dose uptake into whole body components and evaluate depuration over I mo. We found a high uptake of toxin by menhaden, with a body to water ratio of 57 after a 10 h exposure and a slow elimination with a half life (t(1/2)) of 24 d. Elimination occurred rapidly from the intestine (t(1/2) < 1 wk) and muscle (t(1/2) = 1 wk) compartments and redistributed to liver which continued to accumulate body stores of toxin for 4 wk. The accumulation and elimination characteristics of the vectoring capacity of these 2 fish species are interpreted in relation to data from the Florida Panhandle dolphin mortality event of 2004. We show that due to slow elimination rate of brevetoxin in planktivorous fish, brevetoxin-related dolphin mortality events may occur without evidence of a concurrent harmful algal bloom event. C1 [Hinton, Michael; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Coastal Res Branch,Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Coastal Res Branch,Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 356 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.3354/meps07267 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 288CN UT WOS:000254963900021 ER PT J AU Matkin, CO Saulifis, EL Ellis, GM Olesiuk, P Rice, SD AF Matkin, C. O. Saulifis, E. L. Ellis, G. M. Olesiuk, P. Rice, S. D. TI Ongoing population-level impacts on killer whales Orcinus orca following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE killer whales; 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill; EVOS; southern Alaska; fishery interactions; residents; transients ID SOUTHERN ALASKA; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Killer whales were photographed in oil after the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill, but preliminary damage assessments did not definitively link mortalities to the spill and could not evaluate recovery. In this study, photo-identification methods were used to monitor 2 killer whale populations 5 yr prior to and for 16 yr after the spill. One resident pod, the AB Pod, and one transient population, the AT1 Group, suffered losses of 33 and 41%, respectively, in the year following the spill. Sixteen years after 1989, AB Pod had not recovered to pre-spill numbers. Moreover, its rate of increase was significantly less than that of other resident pods that did not decline at the time of the spill. The AT1 Group, which lost 9 members following the spill, continued to decline and is now listed as depleted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Although there may be other contributing factors, the loss of AT1 individuals, including reproductive-age females, accelerated the population's trajectory toward extinction. The synchronous losses of unprecedented numbers of killer whales from 2 ecologically and genetically separate groups and the absence of other obvious perturbations strengthens the link between the mortalities and lack of recovery, and the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill. C1 [Matkin, C. O.; Saulifis, E. L.] N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Matkin, C. O.] Alaska Sea Life Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Ellis, G. M.; Olesiuk, P.] Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Ocean, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Rice, S. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Matkin, CO (reprint author), N Gulf Ocean Soc, 3430 Main St,Suite B1, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM cmatkin@acsalaska.net NR 56 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 8 U2 153 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 356 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.3354/meps07273 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 288CN UT WOS:000254963900023 ER PT J AU Jacobson, KC Teel, D Van Doornik, DM Casillas, E AF Jacobson, Kym Corporon Teel, David Van Doornik, Donald M. Casillas, Edmundo TI Parasite-associated mortality of juvenile Pacific salmon caused by the trematode Nanophyetus salmincola during early marine residence SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE parasite; Chinook salmon; coho salmon; ocean mortality; Nanophyetus salmincola ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DISPERSION PATTERNS; HOST MORTALITY; COHO SALMON; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; OREGON; GROWTH; DISEASE AB The potential effect of the freshwater trematode Nanophyetus salmincola on early marine survival of Pacific salmon was assessed by monitoring the prevalence and intensity of metacercarial infection in yearling coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, and yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha caught off Oregon and Washington during May, June, and September of 1999 to 2002. Annual prevalences of N. salmincola infection in yearling coho salmon were 62 to 78% and were significantly greater each year than in both yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon (19.3 to 53.8% and 40.5 to 53.5%, respectively). Yearling coho salmon also had significantly higher intensities of infection (from approximately 2-fold to 12-fold) than yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon. Prevalences and intensities in coho salmon caught in September were significantly lower (by approximately 21%) than in coho salmon caught in May or June in 3 of the 4 years. Variance to mean ratios of parasite abundance in coho salmon were also lowest in September, suggesting parasite-associated host mortality during early ocean residence. There was no evidence for a seasonal decline in infection in yearling or subyearling Chinook salmon. Infection intensities, but not prevalences, were significantly greater in naturally produced (wild) coho salmon than in hatchery produced coho salmon and could be due to differences in exposure to the trematode. Highly infected naturally produced coho salmon were not caught in September. This study suggests that coho salmon with high intensities of N. salmincola may not survive early marine residence, and that disease processes need to be considered as a factor affecting marine survival of juvenile salmon. C1 [Jacobson, Kym Corporon] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, David; Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Pt Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Jacobson, KC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kym.jacobson@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 354 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.3354/meps07232 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 268WB UT WOS:000253609500023 ER PT J AU Mountain, D Green, J Sibunka, J Johnson, D AF Mountain, D. Green, J. Sibunka, J. Johnson, D. TI Growth and mortality of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus eggs and larvae on Georges Bank, 1995 to 1999 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic cod; Gadus morhua; haddock; Melanogrammus aeglefinus; larvae; growth; mortality ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; GULF; FISH; ABUNDANCE; MAINE; WATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; ZOOPLANKTON AB The egg and larval stages of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus populations on Georges Bank, northeastern USA, were sampled monthly from February through July in 1995 and January through June in 1996 to 1999 as part of the US GLOBEC Georges Bank program. The eggs were staged by means of microscopic examination. Larvae were aged by otolith increment analysis. Seasonally averaged rates of egg mortality were estimated for both species and ranged from 9.9 to 20.4 % d(-1) for cod and 7.8 to 13.4 % d(-1) for haddock. From the results of a simple drift model, the interannual variability in egg mortality rate is believed to be due largely to wind-driven transport off the southern side of the bank. The estimated number of hatched eggs is strongly correlated with the subsequent recruitment for both the Atlantic cod and haddock stocks. Mortality during the early larval period was estimated for 10 d cohorts within each year, based on the decrease in abundance from egg hatching to the first sampling of the cohort on a survey, when the larvae were on average about 15 d old. For both species, these rates were slowly varying between cohorts within a season, but showed large variation between years. For the 1995 to 1996 period, the annual average mortality rate was about 6.3% d(-1) for cod and 10. 1 % d(-1) for haddock, whereas in 1998 to 1999 the values were 3.9 % d(-1) for cod and 5.4 % d(-1) for haddock. The lower mortality rates in 1998 to 1999 are believed to be due to higher prey abundance for the larvae in those years. From the larval stage to stock recruitment, haddock appeared to have a survival rate (recruits per larvae) 3 times higher than that for Atlantic cod. C1 [Mountain, D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Green, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Sibunka, J.; Johnson, D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Mountain, D (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dmountain@capecod.net NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 353 BP 225 EP 242 DI 10.3354/meps07176 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 261VF UT WOS:000253107400020 ER PT J AU Prada, MC Appeldoorn, RS Rivera, JA AF Prada, M. C. Appeldoorn, R. S. Rivera, Jose A. TI Improving coral reef habitat mapping of the Puerto Rico insular shelf using side scan sonar SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE side scan sonar; coral reef mapping; detailed benthic map ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES RICHNESS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; COMPLEXITY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; MULTISCALE; LANDSCAPE; SEAGRASS; SHIFTS AB Use of high resolution (0.1m) side-scan sonar for generating detailed benthic maps (4 m(2) mapping unit) in coral reef environments was investigated by collecting imagery over 60 km(2) of the Puerto Rico insular shelf, from shoreline to shelfedge. Visual interpretation of acoustic imagery resulted in 21 different habitat types classified within broad categories of unconsolidated sediment (7), consolidated bottom (6), and vegetated areas (8). Detailed maps showed the amount, size, and spatial distribution of habitats across the shelf. Qualitative and quantitative benthic characterizations showed habitats to be biologically distinct and ecologically relevant at multiple scales. Image collection was cost effective and amenable to small-boat use. C1 [Prada, M. C.; Appeldoorn, R. S.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. [Rivera, Jose A.] NOAA Fisheries, Miami Lab Biodivers & Protected Resources, Boqueron, PR USA. RP Prada, MC (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez Campus,POB 908, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. EM pradamc@gmail.com RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 49 EP 73 DI 10.1080/01490410701812170 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 273PN UT WOS:000253944300005 ER PT J AU Wedding, LM Friedlander, AM AF Wedding, Lisa M. Friedlander, Alan M. TI Determining the Influence of Seascape Structure on Coral Reef Fishes in Hawaii Using a Geospatial Approach SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-American-Geographers CY APR 07, 2008 CL Boston, MA DE Seascape metrics; remote sensing; LIDAR; GIS; marine protected area; Hawaii ID BISCAYNE NATIONAL-PARK; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; RESERVES; HABITAT; DESIGN; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; RUGOSITY; SEBASTES; ISLANDS AB We assessed the utility of several LIDAR-derived seascape metrics (e.g. depth, rugosity, slope, variance in depth) to determine which measures of the seascape demonstrated important relationships with fish assemblage structure and would ultimately serve as the best ecological criteria to advance predictive modeling of fish assemblages using remote sensing and GIS analysis. Variance in depth (within a 75 m radius) was the seascape metric that had the strongest relationships with most fish assemblage metrics, followed by depth and slope. Our results demonstrate the potential for using remotely sensed measures of the seascape to support predictive mapping and modeling of fish assemblages. C1 [Wedding, Lisa M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wedding, Lisa M.; Friedlander, Alan M.] NOAA, NCCOS, CCMA, NOS,Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Ocean Inst, Imanalo, HI USA. RP Wedding, LM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM wedding@hawaii.edu RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 246 EP 266 AR PII 906372767 DI 10.1080/01490410802466504 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 379RN UT WOS:000261414000003 ER PT J AU Kracker, L Kendall, M McFall, G AF Kracker, Laura Kendall, Matt McFall, Greg TI Benthic Features as a Determinant for Fish Biomass in Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-American-Geographers CY APR 07, 2008 CL Boston, MA DE Underwater acoustics; Gray's Reef NMS; benthic habitats; GIS ID TARGET STRENGTH; INDIVIDUAL FISH; CORAL-REEF; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; SONAR; LAKE AB A recent focus of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Sanctuaries Program is the characterization and assessment of marine resources associated with coral reef and live bottom habitats in protected areas. Detailed bottom maps have been produced making it possible to quantify bottom features within Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia, USA. Hydroacoustic fisheries surveys were used to estimate fish biomass in the context of underlying features and bottom types by applying spatial techniques and regression analysis. Variables relating bottom features to estimated fish biomass differed based upon depth in the water column. Distance to rock ledges was the best predictor of fish biomass in the bottom 2 m of the water column, whereas the area of two bottom habitat types combined was a reliable predictor of estimated fish biomass in the mid water column. C1 [Kracker, Laura] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kendall, Matt] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McFall, Greg] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Marine Sanctuaries Program, Savannah, GA USA. RP Kracker, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM laura.kracker@noaa.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 267 EP 280 AR PII 906370515 DI 10.1080/01490410802466611 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 379RN UT WOS:000261414000004 ER PT J AU Hein, J Clague, D Koski, R Embley, R Dunham, R AF Hein, James R. Clague, David A. Koski, Randolph A. Embley, Robert W. Dunham, Rachel E. TI Metalliferous Sediment and a Silica-Hematite Deposit within the Blanco Fracture Zone, Northeast Pacific SO MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blanco F; Z; hydrothermal hematite; metalliterous sediment; northeast Pacific; silica ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; LOW-TEMPERATURE; RIDGE; ATLANTIC; OXYHYDROXIDES; GEOCHEMISTRY; IRONSTONES; AUSTRALIA; SEAMOUNTS AB A Tiburon ROV dive within the East Blanco Depression (EBD) increased the mapped extent of a known hydrothermal field by an order of magnitude. In addition, a unique opal-CT (cristobalite-tridymite)-hematite mound was discovered, and mineralized sediments and rock were collected and analyzed. Silica-hematite mounds have not previously been found on the deep ocean floor. The light-weight rock of the porous mound consists predominantly of opal-CT and hematite filaments, rods, and strands, and averages 77.8% SiO2 and 11.8% Fe2O3. The hematite and opal-CT precipitated from a low-temperature (115 C), strongly oxidized, silica- and iron-rich, sulfur-poor hydrothermal fluid; a bacterial mat provided the framework for precipitation. Samples collected from a volcaniclastic rock outcrop consist primarily of quartz with lesser plagioclase, smectite, pyroxene, and sulfides; SiO2 content averages 72.5%. Formation of these quartz-rich samples is best explained by cooling in an up-flow zone of silica-rich hydrothermal fluids within a low permeability system. Opal-A, opal-CT, and quartz mineralization found in different places within the EBD hydrothermal field likely reflects decreasing silica saturation and increasing temperature of the mineralizing fluid with increasing silica crystallinity. Six push cores recovered gravel, coarse sand, and mud mineralized variously by Fe or Mn oxides, silica, and sulfides. Total rare-earth element concentrations are low for both the rock and push core samples. Ce and Eu anomalies reflect high and low temperature hydrothermal components and detrital phases. A remarkable variety of types of mineralization occur within the EBD field, yet a consistent suite of elements is enriched (relative to basalt and unmineralized cores) in all samples analyzed: Ag, Au, S, Mo, Hg, As, Sb, Sr, and U; most samples are also enriched in Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn. On the basis of these element enrichments, the EBD hydrothermal field might best be described as a base- and precious-metal-bearing, silica-Fe-oxide-barite deposit. Such deposits are commonly spatially and temporally associated with volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ores. A plot of data for pathfinder elements shows a large hot spot at the northwestern margin of the field, which may mark a region where moderate to high temperature sulfide deposits are forming at depth; further exploration of the hydrothermal field to the northwest is warranted. C1 [Hein, James R.; Koski, Randolph A.; Dunham, Rachel E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Embley, Robert W.] NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR USA. RP Hein, J (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov FU MBARI FX We thank the scientists and crew of the R. V. Western Flyer and the MBARI support staff. We also thank John Slack and Stephanie Ross for reviewing this paper. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-119X J9 MAR GEORESOUR GEOTEC JI Mar. Geores. Geotechnol. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 317 EP 339 AR PII 906369678 DI 10.1080/10641190802430986 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Geological; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 379RO UT WOS:000261414100007 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Lunsford, CR Straley, JM Liddle, JB AF Sigler, Michael F. Lunsford, Chris R. Straley, Janice M. Liddle, Joseph B. TI Sperm whale depredation of sablefish longline gear in the northeast Pacific Ocean SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sperm whale; Physeter macrocephalus; depredation; sablefish; longline fishery ID PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; ORCINUS-ORCA; SOUTH GEORGIA; KILLER WHALES; FISHERY; SEA AB Interactions between marine mammals and fisheries include competition for prey (catch), marine mammal entanglement in fishing gear, and catch removal off fishing gear (depredation). We estimated the magnitude of sperm whale depredation on a major North Pacific longline fishery (sablefish) using data collected during annual longline surveys. Sperm whale depredation occurs while the longline gear is off-bottom during retrieval. Sperm whales were observed on 16% of longline survey sampling days, mostly (95% of sightings) over the continental slope. Sightings were most common in the central and eastern Gulf of Alaska (98% of sightings), occasional in the western Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands, and absent in the Bering Sea. Longline survey catches were commonly preyed upon when sperm whales were present (65% of sightings), as evidenced by damaged fish. Neither sperm whale presence (P= 0.71) nor depredation rate (P = 0.78) increased significantly from 1998 to 2004. Longline survey catch rates were about 2% less at locations where depredation was observed, but the effect was not significant (P = 0.34). Estimated sperm whale depredation was < 1% of the annual sablefish longline fishery catch off Alaska during 1998 to 2004. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.; Lunsford, Chris R.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Straley, Janice M.; Liddle, Joseph B.] Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 16 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1748.7692.2007.00149.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 262AN UT WOS:000253121500002 ER PT J AU Baron, SC Martinez, A Garrison, LP Keith, EO AF Baron, Susan C. Martinez, Anthony Garrison, Lance P. Keith, Edward O. TI Differences in acoustic signals from Delphinids in the western North Atlantic and northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE intraspecific difference; whistle; Atlantic spotted dolphin; bottlenose dolphin; pilot whale; Tursiops truncatus; Stenella frontalis; Globicephala spp ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; RESIDENT KILLER WHALES; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ORCINUS-ORCA; WHISTLES; BEHAVIOR; VOCALIZATIONS; NOISE AB Whistle characteristics were quantitatively compared between both geographically separated and neighboring populations of Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and pilot whales (Globicephala spp.) in U.S. waters to evaluate if intraspecific acoustic differences exist between groups. We compared nine whistle characteristics between continental shelf and offshore Atlantic spotted dolphins in the western North Atlantic and between northern Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic bottlenose dolphins and pilot whales using discriminant analysis. Offshore Atlantic spotted dolphin whistles were significantly different (Hotelling's T-2, P = 0.0003) from continental shelf whistles in high frequency, bandwidth, duration, number of steps, and number of inflection points. Atlantic bottlenose dolphin whistles were significantly different (Hotelling's T-2, P < 0.0001) from those in the Gulf of Mexico in duration, number of steps, and number of inflection points. There was no significant difference between pilot whale whistles in the two basins. The whistle differences indicate acoustic divergence between groups in different areas that may arise from geographic isolation or habitat separation between neighboring but genetically distinct populations of dolphins. This study supports the premise that acoustic differences can be a tool to evaluate the ecological separation between marine mammal groups in field studies. C1 [Baron, Susan C.; Martinez, Anthony; Garrison, Lance P.] NOAA, Fisheries SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Baron, Susan C.; Keith, Edward O.] Nova SE Univ Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Baron, SC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 76 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM baronsusan@gmail.com NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 42 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00168.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 262AN UT WOS:000253121500004 ER PT J AU Knoff, A Hohn, A Macko, S AF Knoff, Amanda Hohn, Aleta Macko, Stephen TI Ontogenetic diet changes in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) reflected through stable isotopes SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; diet change; stable isotope; carbon; nitrogen ID BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; MARINE MAMMALS; NITROGEN; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; RATIOS; GROWTH; SEALS; DELTA-N-15; ENRICHMENT AB The ability of stable isotope analysis to provide insight into ontogenetic dietary changes was examined using bottlenose dolphin tooth and skin samples. Teeth were subsampled to compare tissue produced early in life (outer tooth) to that produced later in life (inner tooth). Outer tooth had significantly higher delta N-15 values than the corresponding inner sample from the same tooth (n = 60, P = 0.0041), indicating that there was a temporal shift to a lower delta N-15 diet. There were no significant delta C-13 differences. Higher delta N-15 values in young have previously been attributed to the period of suckling. Analysis of skin tissue from stranded animals of different developmental stages similarly indicated that the delta N-15 values were significantly higher in young animals. Further comparisons indicated that the primary influence for this difference was animals with lengths less than or equal to the largest neonatal dolphin. This difference likely reflects an ontogenetic dietary shift from a sole reliance on milk to a combination of milk and prey species during the first year of life. C1 [Knoff, Amanda; Macko, Stephen] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hohn, Aleta] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Knoff, A (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall,291 McCormick Rd,POB 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM aknoff@e2inc.com RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 128 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00174.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 262AN UT WOS:000253121500010 ER PT J AU Clapham, PJ Aguilar, A Hatch, LT AF Clapham, Phillip J. Aguilar, Alex Hatch, Leila T. TI Determining spatial and temporal scales for management: lessons from whaling SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE management units; population structure; whaling; recovery; whales ID WHALES BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; ATLANTIC HUMPBACK WHALES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; BOWHEAD WHALES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; BALEEN WHALES; CONSERVATION; STOCK AB Selection of the appropriate management unit is critical to the conservation of animal populations. Defining such units depends upon knowledge of population structure and upon the timescale being considered. Here, we examine the trajectory of eleven subpopulations of five species of baleen whales to investigate temporal and spatial scales in management. These subpopulations were all extirpated by commercial whaling, and no recovery or repopulation has occurred since. In these cases, time elapsed since commercial extinction ranges from four decades to almost four centuries. We propose that these subpopulations did not recover either because cultural memory of the habitat has been lost, because widespread whaling among adjacent stocks eliminated these as sources for repopulation, and/or because segregation following exploitation produced the abandonment of certain areas. Spatial scales associated with the extirpated subpopulations are frcequently smaller than those typically employed in management. Overall, the evidence indicates that: (1) the time frame for management should be at most decadal in scope (i.e., < 100 yr) and based on both genetic and nongenetic evidence of population substructure, and (2) at least some stocks should be defined on a smaller spatial scale than they currently are. C1 [Clapham, Phillip J.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Aguilar, Alex] Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Anim Biol, Barcelona 08071, Spain. [Hatch, Leila T.] Natl Ocean Serv, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctu, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. RP Clapham, PJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM phillip.clapham@noaa.gov RI Aguilar, Alex/L-1283-2014 OI Aguilar, Alex/0000-0002-5751-2512 NR 87 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 183 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00175.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 262AN UT WOS:000253121500015 ER PT J AU Edwards, S AF Edwards, Steven TI Ocean zoning, first possession and Coasean contracts SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE ocean zoning; spillovers; contracting; property rights; first-possession rule ID FISHERY MANAGEMENT; GOVERNANCE; COST AB , Governments are being asked to integrate uses of ocean resources and space by developing comprehensive zoning plans. The current, sectoral practice establishes individual areas, such as marine protected areas, that satisfy constituents' first-possession strategies to claim de facto ownership, but the zones are not integrated. Also, the emphasis on exclusive-use zoning to minimize spillovers in both approaches is costly when the value of excluded production is greater than spillover damages. Alternatively, property rights could be allocated to claimants and exchanged in contracts that internalize spillovers, account for all sources of value, and result in an optimal pattern of mixed-use and exclusive-use zones. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Edwards, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM steve.edwards@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 32 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.04.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 270EE UT WOS:000253702300006 ER PT J AU Steinback, SR Allen, RB Thunberg, E AF Steinback, Scott R. Allen, Richard B. Thunberg, Eric TI The benefits of rationalization: The case of the American lobster fishery SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE bio-economic simulation model; economic efficiency; lobster; rationalization; regional input-output model ID WORLD FISHERIES; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB The American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery is currently the most valuable fishery on the Atlantic coasts of both the USA and Canada based on ex-vessel value. Lobster conservation policies have traditionally focused on technical restrictions such as minimum size requirements, v-notching, and a prohibition on taking egg-bearing females to protect the resource, rather than direct controls on fishing effort or catch. However, in 2005 the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission adopted a plan for the southern New England lobster management area (Area 2) that establishes a structure for limiting the number of license holders and the number of traps each lobsterman can have in the water. In this article, a bio-economic modeling exercise is employed to examine the biological and economic impacts of reductions to the level of fishing effort in a fishery that is modeled to represent the full-time lobster fishing fleet in Area 2. Model results show that a reduction in fishing effort has the potential to: (i) improve the sustainability characteristics of the lobster resource and, in contrast to popular belief, (ii) actually stimulate economic growth in the coastal economy. C1 [Steinback, Scott R.; Thunberg, Eric] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Allen, Richard B.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Steinback, SR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM scott.steinback@noaa.gov; rballen@cox.net; eric.thunberg@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 37 EP 63 PG 27 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 294UB UT WOS:000255430500003 ER PT J AU Seung, CK AF Seung, Chang K. TI Estimating dynamic impacts of the seafood industry in Alaska SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Alaska seafood industry; economic base; vector autoregressive error correction model; Johansen's procedure; nonresident workers ID COINTEGRATION VECTORS; ERROR-CORRECTION; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; EMPLOYMENT; MODEL; INFERENCE; EXPORT AB This study estimates the dynamic impacts of the seafood industry and investigates multivariate relationships between basic and nonbasic sectors. The study regions are two fish cry-dependent regions in Alaska, which are heavily dependent on extra-regional inputs such as non-resident labor and imports of intermediate inputs. This study follows Johansen's approach and develops a vector autoregressive error correction model, which has the advantage of properly attributing the impact of shocks, directly estimating long-run relationships, and identifying the process of adjustment by nonbasic sectors to the long-run equilibrium. Results show that the impacts of the seafood industry are relatively small in the two study regions, whose economics are characterized by large leakages of labor income and large imports of inputs. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chang.Seung@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 87 EP 104 PG 18 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 294UB UT WOS:000255430500005 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Larson, DM AF Lew, Daniel K. Larson, Douglas M. TI Valuing a Beach Day with a Repeated Nested Logit Model of Participation, Site Choice, and Stochastic Time Value SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Recreation demand; repeated nested logit; labor supply; opportunity cost of leisure; time; beach recreation ID RANDOM UTILITY MODEL; RECREATION DEMAND MODELS; LEISURE-TIME; AGGREGATION; CONGESTION; AMENITIES; BIAS AB Beach recreation values are often needed by policy-makers and resource managers to efficiently manage coastal resources, especially in popular coastal areas like Southern California. This article presents welfare values derived from random utility maximization-based recreation demand models that explain an individual's decisions about whether or not to visit a beach and which beach to visit. The models utilize labor market decisions to reveal each individual's opportunity cost of recreation time. The value of having access to the beach in San Diego County is estimated to be between $21 and $23 per day. C1 [Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Larson, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Dan.Lew@noaa.gov; dmlarson@ucdavis.edu OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 233 EP 252 PG 20 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 373CH UT WOS:000260948100001 ER PT J AU Wallmo, K Edwards, S AF Wallmo, Kristy Edwards, Steve TI Estimating Non-market Values of Marine Protected Areas: A Latent Class Modeling Approach SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Marine protected area; valuation; choice experiment; latent class ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; HYPOTHETICAL BIAS; RESERVES; VALUATION; NETWORKS; SCIENCE AB The design of marine protected areas (MPAs) generates much discussion among marine scientists. Ecological studies have suggested that protecting 10 to 40% of regional ecosystems is needed to preserve diversity, while public preferences for MPA size have not been modeled. We conduct a choice experiment to estimate the value of protecting species and habitat diversity on the sea floor in areas that vary in size and allowable uses of the water column and apply a latent class specification to accommodate taste parameter heterogeneity. Results identify three latent classes in the sample and suggest that while protecting areas as ecological reserves is utility increasing for most size/use combinations, smaller reserves with liberal use policies produce the largest increases. Our research suggests diminishing marginal utility for MPA sizes that are substantially smaller than ranges often cited, and the distinct latent classes underscore the need to question the assumption of homogeneous preferences when evaluating MPA policy. C1 [Wallmo, Kristy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SSMC III, F Econ & Social Anal Div ST5, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Edwards, Steve] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wallmo, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv SSMC III, F Econ & Social Anal Div ST5, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Kristy.Wallmo@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 301 EP 323 PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 373CH UT WOS:000260948100005 ER PT J AU Bisack, KD AF Bisack, Kathryn D. TI Integrating Porpoise and Cod Management: A Comparison of Days-at-sea, ITQs, and Closures SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Fisheries management; individual transferable quotas; protected species; marine mammals; turtles; bycatch ID FISHERY AB The purpose of this study is to determine if management measures based on effort reductions, in particular days-at-sea (DAS) controls, call approach a harbor porpoise individual transferable quotas (ITQ) program in terms of efficiency. The intent is to expand discussions of combining fishery-porpoise management actions. The New England sink gillnet fishery is examined by using a numerical bio-economic model. Year-round and seasonal surcharges in combinations with overall DAS reductions are investigated. Results indicate that several programs for marine mammal protection can achieve the same conservation outcome with modest differences in industry profits. At the industry level, the program selection decision may then rest on the goal of cod management, since reductions in cod landings are much greater under the DAS year-round (59-63%) versus seasonal (39-46%) programs. Significant differences in vessel profits, however, may make consensus on the appropriate program difficult. RP Bisack, KD (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Branch, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Kathryn.Bisack@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 361 EP 378 PG 18 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 373CH UT WOS:000260948100008 ER PT J AU Baum, M AF Baum, Michael TI Researchers discover stress fatigue in silicon SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT News Item C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Baum, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.baum@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 250PQ UT WOS:000252312900007 ER PT J AU Beckmann, J Zscherpel, U Ewert, U AF Beckmann, Joerg Zscherpel, Uwe Ewert, Uwe TI Studies on image quality optimisation in Computed Radiography for weld inspection SO MATERIALS TESTING-MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION LA German DT Article AB Studies on image quality optimisation in Computed Radiography for weld inspection. The application of metal filters and metal screens improves the image contrast in film radiography. The mechanism of latent X-ray image generation and, its read-out from imaging plates and the subsequent visualization is different from that of radiographic films. The use of metal screens and the selection of the X ray tube voltage as recommended in the film radiography standards are not transferable for Computed Radiography (CR) for weld inspection. The quality of digital radiographs is determined by the inherent unsharpness and the Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR). Whereas the standard EN 14784-1 describes manageable procedures for the determination of inherent unsharpness and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), the rules for the improvement of contrast by selection of the suitable tube voltage and metal screen thickness were not described sufficiently in EN 14874-2. Systematic studies on the influence of copper filter, lead screen imaging plate combinations as well as X-ray tube voltage on the image contrast were performed to improve the image quality for testing of welds with CR systems. Recommendations for the application of metal filter and screen combinations and the selection of appropriate X-ray tube voltages for the imaging plate technique were deduced from these results in order to optimise the X-ray testing procedure of welds. C1 [Beckmann, Joerg] Tech Univ Dresden, Dresden, Germany. [Beckmann, Joerg] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Beckmann, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Dresden, Germany. RI Zscherpel, Uwe/D-2188-2009 OI Zscherpel, Uwe/0000-0001-9017-0844 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0025-5300 J9 MATER TEST JI Mater. Test.-Mater. Compon. Techn. Appl. PY 2008 VL 50 IS 10 BP 552 EP 559 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 517FI UT WOS:000271598200003 ER PT J AU Ewert, U Beckmann, J Bellon, C Jaenisch, GR Zscherpel, U Jechow, M AF Ewert, Uwe Beckmann, Joerg Bellon, Carsten Jaenisch, Gerd-Ruediger Zscherpel, Uwe Jechow, Mirko TI Flaw-size dependent reduction of contrast and scatter unshapness - comparison of film und digital detectors SO MATERIALS TESTING-MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION LA German DT Article AB Flaw-size dependent reduction of contrast and scatter unshapness - comparison of film and digital detectors. Image quality in radiography generally depends on contrast, noise, and unsharpness. It is controlled using image quality indicators (IQI). Scattered radiation reduces usually the image quality in radiography. Different factors are analysed influencing the image quality for film radiography, computed radiography (CR) with imaging plates, and digital radiography with detector arrays. The scatter ratio k and its contribution to the contrast were discussed in textbooks and standards in this context. Additional parameters are introduced for digital detectors like the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Here, the influence of scattered radiation on the image quality is discussed originating from the test object as well as the detector itself consisting of the cassette or the casing. For this, numerical modelling is used to separate the contribution of primary and scattered radiation from the test object. It is shown that scattered radiation generates also an image overlying the primary image where the scatter image contributes to the total unshapness in the radiography. This effect depends on the flaw size, the distance between object and detector, and the filtering used. C1 [Beckmann, Joerg; Bellon, Carsten] Tech Univ Dresden, Dresden, Germany. [Beckmann, Joerg] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Jaenisch, Gerd-Ruediger] Tech Univ Dresden, Fak Maschinenwesen, Dresden, Germany. RI Bellon, Carsten/D-4626-2009; Zscherpel, Uwe/D-2188-2009; Jechow, Mirko/E-8044-2011 OI Bellon, Carsten/0000-0002-3861-8426; Zscherpel, Uwe/0000-0001-9017-0844; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0025-5300 J9 MATER TEST JI Mater. Test.-Mater. Compon. Techn. Appl. PY 2008 VL 50 IS 10 BP 560 EP 568 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 517FI UT WOS:000271598200004 ER PT J AU Aguilera, J Wright, JD Bean, VE AF Aguilera, Jesus Wright, John D. Bean, Vern E. TI Hydrometer calibration by hydrostatic weighing with automated liquid surface positioning SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE density; hydrometer; calibration AB We describe an automated apparatus for calibrating hydrometers by hydrostatic weighing (Cuckow's method) in tridecane, a liquid of known, stable density, and with a relatively low surface tension and contact angle against glass. The apparatus uses a laser light sheet and a laser power meter to position the tridecane surface at the hydrometer scale mark to be calibrated with an uncertainty of 0.08 mm. The calibration results have an expanded uncertainty (with a coverage factor of 2) of 100 parts in 106 or less of the liquid density. We validated the apparatus by comparisons using water, toluene, tridecane and trichloroethylene, and found agreement within 40 parts in 106 or less. The new calibration method is consistent with earlier, manual calibrations performed by NIST. When customers use calibrated hydrometers, they may encounter uncertainties of 370 parts in 106 or larger due to surface tension, contact angle and temperature effects. C1 [Aguilera, Jesus; Wright, John D.; Bean, Vern E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Aguilera, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM John.Wright@nist.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 AR 015104 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/19/1/015104 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 265UT UT WOS:000253387500005 ER PT J AU Kos, AB Hurley, DC AF Kos, A. B. Hurley, D. C. TI Nanomechanical mapping with resonance tracking scanned probe microscope SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic force acoustic microscopy; atomic force microscope; contact-resonance spectroscopy; digital signal processor; elastic modulus; rms-to-dc converter; scanned probe microscopy ID FORCE ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC-PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS; FREQUENCY; NANOSCALE AB We present a new digital-signal-processor-based resonance tracking system for scanned probe microscopy (SPM) imaging. The system was developed to enable quantitative imaging of mechanical properties with nanoscale spatial resolution at practical data acquisition rates. It consists of a 32-bit floating-point digital signal processor connected to a high-resolution audio coder/decoder subsystem, an rms-to-dc converter and a voltage-controlled oscillator. These components are used in conjunction with a commercial atomic force microscope to create a versatile platform for SPM mechanical mapping. Images of a glass-fibre/polymer matrix composite sample are presented to demonstrate system performance. C1 [Kos, A. B.; Hurley, D. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kos, AB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kos@boulder.nist.gov NR 9 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 AR 015504 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/19/1/015504 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 265UT UT WOS:000253387500031 ER PT S AU Perez, MA Nguyen, U Knappe, S Donley, E Kitching, J Shkel, AM AF Perez, M. A. Nguyen, U. Knappe, S. Donley, E. Kitching, J. Shkel, A. M. GP IEEE TI Rubidium vapor cell with integrated nonmetallic multilayer reflectors SO MEMS 2008: 21ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) CY JAN 13-17, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc ID SILICON AB This paper reports on a method for improving the optical efficiency of micromachined reflectors integrated in rubidium vapor cells. A hybrid bulk micromachining and multilayer thin film process is used to form the reflectors on angled sidewalls, which redirect laser light through the vapor cell and back toward the plane of the source with reduced optical power loss. The optical return efficiency of two paired dielectric reflectors is shown to be improved by as much as eight times over silicon reflectors alone. The D, absorption line in a one cubic millimeter miniature alkali Rb-87 vapor cell by use of two integrated thin film reflectors is experimentally demonstrated. C1 [Perez, M. A.; Shkel, A. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, MicroSyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Nguyen, U.] Univ Calif, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Knappe, S.; Donley, E.; Kitching, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Perez, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, MicroSyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Navigation-Grade Integrated Micro Gyroscopes (NGIMG) program FX The authors thank the staff of the Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility (INRF) for fabrication support and A. Schofield for micrograph assistance. This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Navigation-Grade Integrated Micro Gyroscopes (NGIMG) program and is a partial contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the US government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-1792-6 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2008 BP 790 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHH75 UT WOS:000253356900198 ER PT S AU Zhang, HL Siegrist, K Douglas, KO Gregurick, SK Plusquellic, DF AF Zhang, Hailiang Siegrist, Karen Douglas, Kevin O. Gregurick, Susan K. Plusquellic, David F. BE Jena, BP TI THz Investigations of Condensed Phase Blomolecular Systems SO METHODS IN NANO CELL BIOLOGY SE Methods in Cell Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; AB-INITIO; WATER; DYNAMICS; MOLECULES; PROTEIN; PORES; FIELD; IONS AB Terahertz (THz) spectroscopic investigations of crystalline dipeptide nanotubes are discussed in the frequency region from 0.6 (2 cm(-1)) to 3 THz (100 cm(-1)). The THz region provides access to collective modes of biomolecular systems and is therefore sensitive to the large scale motions important for understanding the impact of environmental stimuli in biomolecular systems. The focus of this chapter is on THz spectral changes observed in this region when crystals of alanyl isoleucine (AI) and isoleucyl alanine (IA) nanotubes are exposed to water. Of biological significance is the water permeability through hydrophobic pore regions as exemplified in the disparate behavior of these two dipeptide nanotubes. AI is known from X-ray studies and confirmed here to act reversibly to the exchange of water while IA does not accept water into its pore region. Both quantum chemical and classical calculations are performed to better understand the subtle balance that determines guest molecule absorption and conduction through these hydrophobic channels. Examination of the vibrational character of the THz modes with and without water suggests water mode coupling/decoupling with collective modes of the nanotube may play an important role in the permeability dynamics. C1 [Zhang, Hailiang; Douglas, Kevin O.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Siegrist, Karen] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Electroopt & Infrared Syst & Technol Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Douglas, Kevin O.; Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Phys Lab, Biophys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, HL (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RI Zhang, Hongwang/E-4997-2010 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-679X BN 978-1-59749-270-6 J9 METHOD CELL BIOL JI Methods Cell Biol. PY 2008 VL 90 BP 417 EP + DI 10.1016/S0091-679X(08)00818-2 PG 20 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA BIR53 UT WOS:000262258800018 PM 19195560 ER PT J AU Dakubo, GD Parr, RL Jakupciak, JP AF Dakubo, Gabriel D. Parr, Ryan L. Jakupciak, John P. BE Hayat, MA TI Prostate Cancer: Detection and Monitoring Using Mitochondrial Mutations as a Biomarker SO METHODS OF CANCER DIAGNOSIS, THERAPY, AND PROGNOSIS, VOL 2: GENERAL METHODS AND OVERVIEWS, LUNG CARCINOMA AND PROSTATE CARCINOMA SE Methods of Cancer Diagnosis Therapy and Prognosis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DNA MUTATIONS; GENOME; METABOLISM; GENERATION C1 [Dakubo, Gabriel D.; Parr, Ryan L.] Genesis Genom Inc, Thunder Bay, ON P7A 7T1, Canada. [Jakupciak, John P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dakubo, GD (reprint author), Genesis Genom Inc, 290 Munro St,Ste 1000, Thunder Bay, ON P7A 7T1, Canada. EM Gabriel.dakubo@genesisgenomics.com NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-8442-3 J9 METHODS CANCER DIAGN PY 2008 VL 2 BP 441 EP 464 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-8442-3 PG 24 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA BLY39 UT WOS:000271430300033 ER PT J AU Obrzut, J Douglas, JF AF Obrzut, J. Douglas, J. F. TI MEASUREMENT OF COMPLEX CONDUCTIVITY IN CARBON NANOTUBE POLYMER COMPOSITES UNDER MECHANICAL SHEAR SO METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE complex conductivity; carbon nanotubes; percolation; composite materials; mechanical shear ID AC; NANOCOMPOSITES AB We measured the complex conductivity of carbon nanotube-polypropylene composites under mechanical shear conditions. In order to determine how flow alters the properties of these complex fluids we constructed a rheo-dielectric test fixture, which allows for the simultaneous in situ measurement of both the frequency dependent complex electrical conductivity and basic theological properties, such as shearing rate, viscosity, normal stresses. We analyzed the results using Generalized Effective Medium theory. The scaled conductivity of percolated networks compares well with the universal trend showing a power law scaling with frequency. We find that the conductivity percolation concentration (phi(c)) increases with increasing shear rate. For sufficiently high shear rates, the nanocomposite undergoes a transition from a conducting to an insulating state. The shear rate dependence of phi(c), which gives rise to this transition, conforms well to a model that we introduced to describe this effect. C1 [Obrzut, J.; Douglas, J. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jan.obrzut@nist.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES COMMITTEE METROLOGY & RES EQUIPMENT PI WARSAW PA UL MIODOWA 10, WARSAW, 00251, POLAND SN 0860-8229 J9 METROL MEAS SYST JI Metrol. Meas. Syst. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 399 EP 407 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 401SU UT WOS:000262963200001 ER PT S AU Attota, R Silver, R Barnes, BM AF Attota, Ravikiran Silver, Richard Barnes, Bryan M. BE Allgair, JA Raymond, CJ TI Optical through-focus technique that differentiates small changes in line width, line height and sidewall angle for CD, overlay, and defect metrology applications SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXII CY FEB 25-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE through-focus image map; optical CD (OCD) metrology; overlay; defect analysis; library matching; optical microscope; optical inspection; process control AB We present a new optical technique for dimensional analysis of sub 100 nm sized targets by analyzing through-focus images obtained using a conventional bright-field optical microscope. We present a method to create through-focus image maps (TFIM) using optical images, which we believe unique for a given target. Based on this we present a library matching method that enables us to determine all the dimensions of an unknown target. Differential TFIMs of two targets are distinctive for different dimensional differences and enable us to uniquely identify the dimension that is different between them. We present several supporting examples using optical simulations and experimental results. This method is expected to be applicable to a wide variety of targets and geometries. C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Silver, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7107-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6922 IS 1-2 AR 69220E DI 10.1117/12.777205 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHV68 UT WOS:000256867000012 ER PT S AU Kenyon, E Cresswell, MW Patrick, HJ Germer, TA AF Kenyon, Elizabeth Cresswell, Michael W. Patrick, Heather J. Germer, Thomas A. BE Allgair, JA Raymond, CJ TI Modeling the effect of finite size gratings on scatterometry measurements SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXII CY FEB 25-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE critical dimension; diffraction; gratings; metrology; process control; scatterometry; standards ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; OPTICAL SCATTEROMETRY; IMPLEMENTATION; METROLOGY AB The interpretation of scatterometry measurements generally assumes that the grating extends over an area large enough to intercept all the illumination provided by an incident beam. However, in practice, the gratings used in scatterometry are relatively small. Thus, the detected light also includes both that scattered by the grating as well as that from a region surrounding the grating because, generally, the incident beam illuminates both the grating and the surrounding region. To model the effects of such real structures, simulations of the effective reflectance were performed whereby the reflection from the grating was considered to be the sum of the diffraction by the grating and the diffraction of the surrounding region, taking into account the beam profile. To demonstrate the model, the illumination field was assumed to be Gaussian. Results are shown for a specific target design consisting of a 50 mu m square measured by normal incidence reflectometry. Significant errors occur when the incident profile has wings that fall outside of the profile and when the scattered light is partially apertured. C1 [Kenyon, Elizabeth; Cresswell, Michael W.; Patrick, Heather J.; Germer, Thomas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kenyon, E (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7107-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6922 IS 1-2 AR 69223P DI 10.1117/12.772769 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHV68 UT WOS:000256867000122 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Kim, S Soles, CL Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Lee, Hae-Jeong Kim, Sangcheol Soles, Christopher L. Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li BE Allgair, JA Raymond, CJ TI Exploring the limitations of X-ray reflectivity as a critical dimension pattern shape metrology SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXII CY FEB 25-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray reflectivity; effective medium approximation; pattern shape metrology; irregular shape; block copolymer; cross-sectional profile; atomic force microscope AB Specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) can be used, in the limit of the effective medium approximation (EMA), as a high-resolution shape metrology for periodic and irregular patterns on a smooth substrate. The EMA defines as that the density of the solid pattern and the space separating the patterns are averaged together. In this limit the density profile as a function of pattern height obtained by SXR can be used to extract quantitative information on the cross-sectional pattern profile. Here we explore the limitations of SXR as a pattern shape metrology by studying diblock copolymer films with irregularly shaped bicontinuous terraces on quantized flat layers alternating with two polymer blocks. We conclude that SXR can be extended to irregular shaped patterns encountered in current electronic devices as long as average lateral length scale is smaller than coherence length of X-ray source. The detailed cross-sectional profiles of irregular patterns are discussed along with atomic force microscope results. C1 [Lee, Hae-Jeong; Kim, Sangcheol; Soles, Christopher L.; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hae-jeong.lee@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7107-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6922 IS 1-2 AR 692224 DI 10.1117/12.772849 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHV68 UT WOS:000256867000073 ER PT S AU Orji, NG Dixson, RG Bunday, BD Allgair, JA AF Orji, Ndubuisi G. Dixson, Ronald G. Bunday, Benjamin D. Allgair, John A. BE Allgair, JA Raymond, CJ TI Towards accurate feature shape metrology SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXII CY FEB 25-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE sidewall angle; critical dimension atomic force microscope; uncertainty; transmission electron microscope AB Over the last few years, the need for shape metrology for process control has increased. A key component of shape metrology is sidewall angle (SWA). However, few instruments measure SWA directly. The critical dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM) is one such instrument. The lateral scanning capability and the shape of the CD-AFM probe enable direct access to the feature sidewall. This produces profile information that could be used as a process monitor. Due to their relative insensitivity to material properties, CD-AFMs have been used as reference measurement systems (RMS) for measurands such as width. We present a technique for calculating the uncertainty of sidewall angle measurements using a CD-AFM. We outline an overall calibration strategy; address the uncertainty sources for such measurements, including instrument-related and parameter extraction; related; and discuss the way the calibration is transferred to workhorse instruments. C1 [Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Dixson, Ronald G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Orji, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM George.Orji@nist.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7107-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6922 IS 1-2 AR 692208 DI 10.1117/12.774426 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHV68 UT WOS:000256867000006 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. BE Allgair, JA Raymond, CJ TI The potentials of helium ion microscopy for semiconductor process metrology SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXII CY FEB 25-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE helium ion; microscopy; scanning electron microscope; SEM; nanomanufacturing; nanometrology; HIM AB Semiconductor manufacturing is always looking for more effective ways to monitor and control the manufacturing process. Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) presents a new approach to process monitoring which has several potential advantages over the traditional scanning electron microscope (SEM) currently in use in semiconductor research and manufacturing facilities across the world. Due to the very high source brightness, and the shorter wavelength of the helium ions, it is theoretically possible to focus the ion beam into a smaller probe size relative to that of an electron beam of an SEM. Hence, resolution 2 to 4 times that of comparable SEMs is theoretically possible. In an SEM, an electron beam interacts with the sample and an array of signals are generated, collected and imaged. This interaction zone may be quite large depending upon the accelerating voltage and materials involved. Conversely, the helium ion beam interacts with the sample, but it does not have as large an excitation volume and thus, the image collected is more surface sensitive and can potentially provide sharp images on a wide range of materials. Compared to an SEM, the secondary electron yield is quite high - allowing for imaging at extremely low beam currents and the relatively low mass of the helium ion, in contrast to other ion sources such as gallium potentially results in minimal damage to the sample. This presentation will report on some of the preliminary work being done on the HIM as a research and measurement tool for semiconductor process metrology being done at NIST. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7107-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6922 IS 1-2 AR 69220B DI 10.1117/12.768107 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHV68 UT WOS:000256867000009 ER PT S AU Silver, RM Barnes, BM Heckert, A Attota, R Dixson, R Jun, J AF Silver, R. M. Barnes, B. M. Heckert, A. Attota, R. Dixson, R. Jun, J. BE Allgair, JA Raymond, CJ TI Angle resolved optical metrology SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXII CY FEB 25-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENTS AB There has been a substantial increase in the research and development of optical metrology techniques as applied to linewidth and overlay metrology for semiconductor manufacturing. Much of this activity has been in advancing scatterometry applications for metrology. In recent years we have been developing a related technique known as scatterfield optical microscopy, which combines elements of scatterometry and bright field imaging. In this paper we present the application of this technique to optical system alignment, calibration, and characterization for the purpose of accurate normalization of optical data, which can be compared with optical simulations involving only absolute measurement parameters. We show a series of experimental data from lines prepared using a focus exposure matrix on silicon and make comparisons between the experimental and theoretical results. The data show agreement on the nanometer scale using parametric simulation libraries and no "tunable" parameters. C1 [Silver, R. M.; Barnes, B. M.; Heckert, A.; Attota, R.; Dixson, R.; Jun, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7107-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6922 IS 1-2 AR 69221M DI 10.1117/12.777131 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHV68 UT WOS:000256867000056 ER PT S AU Vladar, AE Purushotham, KP Postek, MT AF Vladar, Andras E. Purushotham, K. P. Postek, Michael T. BE Allgair, JA Raymond, CJ TI Contamination specification for dimensional metrology SEMs SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXII CY FEB 25-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE electron beam; contamination; plasma cleaner; piranha solution; scanning electron microscope; CD-SEM ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; REDUCTION AB Electron beam-induced contamination is one of the most bothersome problems encountered in the use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Even in "clean-vacuum" instruments it is possible that the image gradually darkens because a polymerized hydrocarbon layer with low secondary electron yield is deposited. This contamination layer can get so thick that it noticeably changes the size and shape of the small structures of current and future state-of-the art integrated circuits (ICs). Contamination greatly disturbs or hinders the measurement process and the erroneous results can lead to wrong process control decisions. NIST has developed cleaning procedures and a contamination specification that offer an effective and viable solution for this problem. By the acceptance, implementation and regular use of these methods it is possible to get rid of electron beam induced contamination. C1 [Vladar, Andras E.; Purushotham, K. P.; Postek, Michael T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vladar, AE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7107-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6922 IS 1-2 AR 692217 DI 10.1117/12.774015 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHV68 UT WOS:000256867000041 ER PT S AU Vladar, AE Villarrubia, JS Cizmar, P Oral, M Postek, MT AF Vladar, Andras E. Villarrubia, John S. Cizmar, Petr Oral, Martin Postek, Michael T. BE Allgair, JA Raymond, CJ TI Accurate and traceable dimensional metrology with a reference CD-SEM SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXII CY FEB 25-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE dimensional metrology; reference; scanning electron microscope; CD-SEM; laser interferometry; accuracy; traceability AB NIST is currently developing two Reference scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), which are based on FEI Nova 600* variable vacuum, and on FEI Helios* dual-beam instruments. These were installed in the new Advanced Metrology Laboratory at NIST where the temperature variation is under 0.1 C degrees and the humidity variation is under 1%. Both SEMs are equipped with field emission electron guns and are capable of better than 1 nm spatial resolution. The ESEM has large sample capability, allowing for measurements on 200 mm wafers, 300 mm wafers and 150 mm photolithography masks, with a 100 mm by 100 mm measurement area in the center. The dual-beam instrument's laser stage will work on smaller samples and has a 50 mm by 50 mm measurement area. The variable vacuum instrument is especially suitable for measurements on a large and diverse set of samples without the use of conductive coating. These will be among the most scrutinized of SEMs. A detailed, thorough work of combined measurements and optimization of the SEMs themselves is underway, which includes the assessment of resolution, signal transfer characteristics, distortion and noise characteristics in various working modes. Accurate three-dimensional modeling, including all aspects of beam formation, signal generation, detection and processing is under development. Establishment of modeling and measurement methods to ascertain the three-dimensional shape and size of the electron beam is also underway. All these are needed to properly interpret the obtained data in accurate, physics-based measurements and will permit three-dimensional size and shape determination on a scale ranging from a few nanometers up to a few centimeters. Accuracy and traceability will be ensured through calibrated laser interferometry. C1 [Vladar, Andras E.; Villarrubia, John S.; Cizmar, Petr; Oral, Martin; Postek, Michael T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vladar, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Oral, Martin/E-7392-2012 OI Oral, Martin/0000-0003-4597-9286 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7107-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6922 IS 1-2 AR 69220H DI 10.1117/12.773806 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHV68 UT WOS:000256867000015 ER PT S AU Wang, C Choi, KW Jones, RL Soles, C Lin, EK Wu, WL Clarke, JS Villarrubia, JS Bunday, B AF Wang, Chengqing Choi, Kwang-Woo Jones, Ronald L. Soles, Christopher Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li Clarke, James S. Villarrubia, John S. Bunday, Benjamin BE Allgair, JA Raymond, CJ TI Linewidth roughness and cross-sectional measurements of sub-50 nm structures with CD-SAXS and CD-SEM SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXII CY FEB 25-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE line width roughness; line edge roughness; small angle X-ray scattering; CD-SAXS ID X-RAY-SCATTERING AB Critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) is a measurement platform that is capable of measuring the average cross section and sidewall roughness in patterns ranging from (10 to 500) nm in pitch with sub-nm precision. These capabilities are obtained by measuring and modeling the scattering intensities of a collimated X-ray beam with sub-nanometer wavelength from a periodic pattern, such as those found in optical scatterometry targets. In this work, we evaluated the capability a synchrotron-based CD-SAXS measurements to characterize linewidth roughness (LWR) by measuring periodic line/space patterns fabricated with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography with sub-50 run linewidths and designed with programmed roughness amplitude and frequency. For these patterns, CD-SAXS can provide high precision data on cross-section dimensions, including sidewall angle, line height, line width, and pitch, as well as the LWR amplitude. We also discuss the status of ongoing efforts to compare quantitatively the CD-SAXS data with top-down critical dimension scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM) measurements. C1 [Wang, Chengqing; Jones, Ronald L.; Soles, Christopher; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wenli.wu@nist.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7107-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6922 IS 1-2 AR 69221Z DI 10.1117/12.773558 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHV68 UT WOS:000256867000068 ER PT S AU Hertz, JL Montgomery, CB Lahr, DL Semancik, S AF Hertz, Joshua L. Montgomery, Christopher B. Lahr, David L. Semancik, Steve BE LaVan, DA DaSilva, MG Spearing, SM Vengallatore, S TI Relative resistance chemical sensors built on microhotplate platforms SO MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS - MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microelectromechanical Systems - Materials and Devices held at the 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DRIFT COUNTERACTION; GAS; ARRAYS AB The selectivity, sensitivity, and speed of metal oxide conductometric chemical sensors can be improved by integrating them onto micromaebined, thermally-controlled platforms (i.e., microhotplates). The improvements largely arise from the richness of signal inherent in arrays of multiple sensing materials and the ability to rapidly pulse and collect data at multiple temperatures. Unfortunately, like their macroscopic counterparts, these sensors can suffer from a lack of repeatability from sample-to-sample and even run-to-run. Here we report on a method to reduce signal drift and increase repeatability that is easily integrated with microhotplate chemical sensors. The method involves passivating one of a pair of identically-formed sensors by coating it with a highly electrically resistive and chemically impermeable film. Relative resistance measurements between the active and passive members of a pair then provide a signal that is reasonably constant over time despite electrical, thermal and gas flow rate fluctuations. Common modes of signal drift, such as microstructural changes within the sensing film, are also removed. The method is demonstrated using SnO2 and TiO2 microhotplate gas sensors, with a thin Al2O3 film forming the passivation layer. It is shown that methanol and acetone at concentrations of 1 mu mol/mol, and possibly lower, are sensed with high reproducibility. C1 [Hertz, Joshua L.; Montgomery, Christopher B.; Lahr, David L.; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hertz, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Hertz, Joshua/B-7239-2012 OI Hertz, Joshua/0000-0003-0650-5141 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-990-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1052 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHP16 UT WOS:000255102800024 ER PT S AU Kintner, PM Coster, AJ Fuller-Rowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R AF Kintner, Paul M., Jr. Coster, Anthea J. Fuller-Rowell, Tim Mannucci, Anthony J. Mendillo, Michael Heelis, Roderick BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Midlatitude Ionospheric Dynamics and Disturbances: Introduction SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Kintner, Paul M., Jr.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Coster, Anthea J.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mendillo, Michael] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Heelis, Roderick] Univ Texas Dallas, Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Kintner, PM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RI Mendillo, Michael /H-4397-2014; OI Mannucci, Anthony/0000-0003-2391-8490 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1029/181GM02 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600001 ER PT S AU Anghel, A Anderson, D Chau, J Yumoto, K Bhattacharyya, A AF Anghel, Adela Anderson, David Chau, Jorge Yumoto, Kiyohumi Bhattacharyya, Archana BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Relating the Interplanetary-Induced Electric Fields With the Low-Latitude Zonal Electric Fields Under Geomagnetically Disturbed Conditions SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLANETARY WAVE SIGNATURES; F-REGION; IONOSPHERE; TIME; PENETRATION; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM; THERMOSPHERE; F2-LAYER; RADAR AB The overall ionospheric variability with periods ranging from long-term, secular changes to days, hours, and even minutes and seconds, is influenced by the solar activity, geomagnetic activity, and processes originating in the lower atmospheric layers. Using a wavelet transform approach, in this paper, we study the short-term (minutes to hours) and day-to-day variability of the ionospheric low-latitude zonal electric fields (LLZEF) at three longitude sectors, Peruvian, Philippine, and Indian, during time intervals of increased geomagnetic activity and relate the LLZEF variability to changes in the dawn-to-dusk component of the interplanetary electric field (IEF). Continuous Morlet wavelet and cross-wavelet amplitude spectra with reduced and increased frequency resolutions were obtained to analyze and compare the oscillation activity in the LLZEF and IEF spectra, in the 10-min to 10-h and 1.25- to 12-d period ranges. For the 1.25- to 12-d period range, periodicities in the LLZEF spectrum were compared with similar periodicities in the IEF spectrum over 9 February to 9 June 2001, with our wavelet results indicating the geomagnetic activity as an important driver of LLZEF variability in this period range. For the 10-m in to 10-h period range, four case studies were examined when concurrent observations of Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar zonal electric field and IEF, as calculated from the ACE satellite solar wind velocity and interplanetary magnetic field data, were available. We show that the wavelet transform represents a powerful toot to study the frequency dependence of the two specific mechanisms of ionospheric electric field variability, which are dominant during geomagnetic storms, namely penetration and disturbance dynamo. C1 [Anghel, Adela; Anderson, David] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bhattacharyya, Archana] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, New Panvel 410218, Navi Mumbai, India. [Chau, Jorge] Inst Geofis, Radio Observ Jicamarca, Jicamarca, Peru. [Yumoto, Kiyohumi] Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Anghel, Adela; Anderson, David] NOAA Boulder, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Anghel, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM adela.anghel@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1029/181GM15 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600014 ER PT S AU Verkhoglyadova, OP Tsurutani, BT Mannucci, AJ Saito, A Araki, T Anderson, D Abdu, M Sobral, JHA AF Verkhoglyadova, Olga P. Tsurutani, Bruce T. Mannucci, Anthony J. Saito, Akinori Araki, Tohru Anderson, David Abdu, M. Sobral, J. H. A. BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Simulation of PPEF Effects in Dayside Low-Latitude Ionosphere for the October 30, 2003, Superstorm SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GEOMAGNETIC SUDDEN COMMENCEMENT; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; STORMS; MODEL; DST; ORIGIN; SYSTEM AB One of the important signatures during strong magnetic storms is prompt penetrating electric fields (PPEFs) into the ionosphere, which causes the dayside ionospheric superfountain (DIS). Interplanetary-Ionosphere coupling for the October 30, 2003, superstorm is analyzed by using ACE and ground-based measurements. The relationships between the interplanetary magnetic field B-z component, ionospheric vertical velocities above Jicamarca, and horizontal magnetic field components measured at Huancayo are presented. DIS is associated with uplift, displacement, and enhancement of the equatorial ionospheric anomalies. We apply an extended SAMI-2 ionospheric model to simulate DIS effects above Jicamarca for this superstorm. An agreement between our results and observed f(0)F(2) during the main phase of the storm is reported. It is shown that the PPEF approach and corresponding modeling results capture the main physics of the dayside low-latitude ionospheric response during the first couple hours of the magnetic superstorm. C1 [Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.; Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Abdu, M.; Sobral, J. H. A.] INPE, BR-1220197D Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Anderson, David] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Saito, Akinori; Araki, Tohru] Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Verkhoglyadova, Olga P.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Verkhoglyadova, OP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Olga.Verkhoglyadova@jpl.nasa.gov OI Mannucci, Anthony/0000-0003-2391-8490 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1029/181GM16 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600015 ER PT S AU Fuller-Rowell, TJ Richmond, AD Maruyama, N AF Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Richmond, A. D. Maruyama, N. BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Global Modeling of Storm-Time Thermospheric Dynamics and Electrodynamics SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IONOSPHERIC ELECTRIC-FIELDS; GREAT MAGNETIC STORM; LOW-LATITUDE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; F-REGION; MIDDLE-LATITUDE; NEUTRAL WINDS; EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; DEPENDENCE AB Understanding the neutral dynamic and electrodynamic response of the upper atmosphere to geomagnetic storms, and quantifying the balance between prompt penetration and disturbance dynamo effects, are two of the significant challenges facing us today. This paper reviews our understanding of the dynamical and electrodynamic response of the upper atmosphere to storms from a modeling perspective. After injection of momentum and energy at high latitude during a geomagnetic storm, the neutral winds begin to respond almost immediately. The high-latitude wind system evolves quickly by the act, on of I on drag and the injection of kinetic energy; however, Joule dissipation provides the bulk of the energy source to change the dynamics and electrodynamics globally. Impulsive energy injection at high latitudes drives large-scale gravity waves that propagate globally. The waves transmit pressure gradients initiating a change in the global circulation. Numerical simulations of the coupled thermosphere, ionosphere, plasmasphere, and electrodynamic response to storms indicate that although the wind and waves are dynamic, with significant apparent "sloshing" between the hemispheres, the net effect is for an increased equatorward wind. The dynamic changes during a storm provide the conduit for many of the physical processes that ensue in the upper atmosphere. For instance, the increased meridional winds at mid latitudes push plasma parallel to the magnetic field to regions of different composition. The global circulation carries molecular rich air from the lower thermosphere upward and equatorward, changing the ratio of atomic and molecular neutral species, and changing loss rates for the ionosphere. The storm wind system also drives the disturbance dynamo, which through plasma transport modifies the strength and location of the equatorial ionization anomaly peaks. On a global scale, the increased equator-ward meridional winds, and the generation of zonal winds at mid latitudes via the Coriolis effects, produce a current system opposing the normal quiet-time Sq current system. At the equator, the storm-time zonal electric fields reduce or reverse the normal upward and downward plasma drift on the dayside and nightside, respectively. In the numerical simulations, on the dayside, the disturbance dynamo appears fairly uniform, whereas at night a stronger local time dependence is apparent with increased upward drift between midnight and dawn. The simulations also indicate the possibility for a rapid dynamo response at the equator, within 2 h of storm onset, before the arrival of the large-scale gravity waves. All these wind-driven processes can result in dramatic ionospheric changes during storms. The disturbance dynamo can combine and interact with the prompt penetration of magnetospheric electric fields to the equator. C1 [Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Maruyama, N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Maruyama, N.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Richmond, A. D.] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fuller-Rowell, TJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1029/181GM18 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600017 ER PT S AU Fedrizzi, M Fuller-Rowell, TJ Maruyama, N Codrescu, M Khalsa, H AF Fedrizzi, Mariangel Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Maruyama, Naomi Codrescu, Mihail Khalsa, Hargobind BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Sources of F-Region Height Changes During Geomagnetic Storms at Mid Latitudes SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IONOSPHERIC F2-LAYER; THERMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ELECTRON-DENSITY; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; WINDS; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB The increased high-latitude energy input in the thermosphere during geomagnetic storms, mainly resulting from Joule heating, causes the atmosphere to heat and expand. The heating at high latitudes drives a global wind surge that propagates from both polar regions to low latitudes and into the opposite hemisphere. Those winds are driven by pressure inequalities due to temperature differences between high latitudes and equatorial regions. To balance the divergence or convergence produced by large-scale horizontal wind systems, vertical motions of air must occur in the thermosphere. The vertical motion of the thermosphere due to the vertical wind velocity can be represented as the sum of the "divergence" and the "barometric" components. The divergence velocity (W-D) component of the vertical wind, so called because it arises from the divergence of the horizontal winds, represents the flow "across" pressure surfaces. Conversely, the convergent horizontal wind is associated with a downward divergence wind. The circulation is closed by a return flow in the lower thermosphere. The expansion of a fixed pressure level atmospheric parcel by the heating drives the second component of the vertical wind, the so-called barometric velocity (W-B). The barometric component represents the rise and fall of constant pressure levels due to thermal expansion or contraction. Barometric winds are therefore related to the thermal expansion of the atmosphere, whereas vertical divergence winds are associated with the conservation of mass relative to fixed pressure levels. The F-2 layer height can change during geomagnetic storms both from the change in horizontal winds pushing plasma parallel to the inclined magnetic field, and due to vertical winds from the thermal expansion of the neutral atmosphere. In this paper, numerical experiments are conducted using a global, three-dimensional, time-dependent, nonlinear coupled model of the thermosphere, ionosphere, plasmasphere, and electrodynamics to quantify the impact of the horizontal thermospheric wind and the thermal expansion on changes in the F-2 layer peak height (h(m)F(2)). The results demonstrate that height changes in the neutral atmosphere from thermal expansion are clearly reflected in the changes of h(m)F(2). Comparisons between model results and mid-latitude ionosonde observations are carried out for the magnetic storm events on 31 March 2001 and 17 April 2002. The analysis of the horizontal thermospheric wind and thermal expansion's relative role during the 31 March 2001 event reveals that both processes contribute significantly to the F-region height changes. The relative importance of those physical mechanisms depends on the local time at the storm commencement, the spatial distribution of the energy input over the poles, and the storm development and recovery duration. C1 [Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Maruyama, Naomi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Space Weather Predict Ctr, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fedrizzi, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Space Weather Predict Ctr, NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mariangel.fedrizzi@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1029/181GM22 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600021 ER PT S AU Eastes, RW McClintock, WE Codrescu, MV Aksnes, A Anderson, DN Andersson, L Baker, DN Burns, AG Budzien, SA Daniell, RE Dymond, KF Eparvier, FG Harvey, JE Immel, TJ Krywonos, A Lankton, MR Lumpe, JD Prolss, GW Richmond, AD Rusch, DW Siegmund, OH Solomon, SC Strickland, DJ Woods, TN AF Eastes, R. W. McClintock, W. E. Codrescu, M. V. Aksnes, A. Anderson, D. N. Andersson, L. Baker, D. N. Burns, A. G. Budzien, S. A. Daniell, R. E. Dymond, K. F. Eparvier, F. G. Harvey, J. E. Immel, T. J. Krywonos, A. Lankton, M. R. Lumpe, J. D. Proelss, G. W. Richmond, A. D. Rusch, D. W. Siegmund, O. H. Solomon, S. C. Strickland, D. J. Woods, T. N. BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD): New Observing Capabilities for the Ionosphere-Thermosphere SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER GUVI; SPACECRAFT; MISSION; RETRIEVAL; DAYGLOW; O/N-2 AB The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission of opportunity will greatly improve understanding of the Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere through measurements of the global-scale response to external and internal forces. GOLD will fly an UV imager on a geostationary satellite to measure densities and temperatures across almost an entire hemisphere in this poorly understood region of the Earth's upper atmosphere and lower space environment, at altitudes where temperatures are currently not well known. GOLD will provide the first global-scale observations of temperatures in the lower thermosphere (130-180 km), in addition to more familiar measurements such as aurora location and energy input, peak electron densities (NmF2) in the nighttime ionosphere, and atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen column density ratios (Sigma O/N-2) ratios. GOLD can provide nearly continuous real-time observations of one hemisphere. In addition to measurements on the disk of the Earth, GOLD can provide coincident measurements of molecular oxygen densities and the temperature profile in the lower thermosphere (150-250 km) from stellar occultations as well as exospheric temperatures from limb profiles of molecular nitrogen emissions. GOLD has two identical channels, each capable of all the measurements described. This allows GOLD to provide coincident measurements in any desired combination, e.g., disk temperatures and Sigma O/N-2. Combined with the advanced models now available, measurements from GOLD will revolutionize our understanding of the global-scale response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to geomagnetic and solar forcing. The data and knowledge gained from GOLD will enhance space weather specification and forecasting capabilities. C1 [Eastes, R. W.; Krywonos, A.] MS FSI, Florida Space Inst, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Harvey, J. E.] Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Immel, T. J.; Siegmund, O. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lumpe, J. D.; Strickland, D. J.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Proelss, G. W.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [McClintock, W. E.; Andersson, L.; Baker, D. N.; Eparvier, F. G.; Lankton, M. R.; Rusch, D. W.; Woods, T. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Daniell, R. E.] Ionospher Phys, Stoughton, MA 02072 USA. [Codrescu, M. V.] NOAA SWPC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Burns, A. G.; Solomon, S. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [McClintock, W. E.; Andersson, L.; Baker, D. N.; Budzien, S. A.; Dymond, K. F.; Eparvier, F. G.; Lankton, M. R.; Rusch, D. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, D. N.; Richmond, A. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Aksnes, A.] Univ Bergen, Matemat Nat Skapelige Fak, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Eastes, RW (reprint author), MS FSI, Florida Space Inst, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM reastes@mail.ucf.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1029/181GM29 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600028 ER PT S AU Jethava, N Kreysa, E Siringo, G Esch, W Gemund, HP Menten, KM May, T Anders, S Fritzsch, L Boucher, R Zakosarenko, V Meyer, HG AF Jethava, N. Kreysa, E. Siringo, G. Esch, W. Gemuend, H.-P. Menten, K. M. May, T. Anders, S. Fritzsch, L. Boucher, R. Zakosarenko, V. Meyer, H. -G. BE Duncan, WD Holland, WS Withington, S Zmuidzinas, J TI Superconducting Bolometers for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTONOMY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astonomy IV CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE VSB; TES; Bolometer; SQUIDs; COSMOSWorks AB We present the experimental results and a bolometer model of the voltage-biased superconducting bolometer on the low stress silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) membrane, developed in collaboration between the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie (MPIfR), Bonn and the Institute for Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany. The superconducting thermistor, deposited on the low stress silicon nitride membrane, is a bilayer of gold-palladium and molybdenum and is designed for a transition temperature of 450 mK. Bolometers for the 1.2 mm atmospheric window were designed, built and tested. The thermal conductance of the bolometer is tuned by structuring the silicon nitride membrane into spider-like geometries. The incident radiation is absorbed by crossed dipoles made from gold-palladium alloy with a surface resistance of 10 Omega/square. Using the COSMOS finite element analysis package, the thermal conductance is obtained for the bolometers of different geometries. FEA simulations showed that the deposition of a gold ring around the absorbing area could increase the sensitivity of the bolometer. Therefore, a gold ring is deposited around the center absorbing patch of the silicon nitride membrane. For the bolometer with a gold ring, the measured NEP is 1.7 x 10(-16)W/root Hz and the time constant is in the range between 1.4 and 2 ms. C1 [Jethava, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Jethava, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM jethava@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7020 AR 70200H DI 10.1117/12.787092 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR58 UT WOS:000262259800015 ER PT S AU McCarthy, SG Incardona, JP Scholz, NL AF McCarthy, Sarah G. Incardona, John P. Scholz, Nathaniel L. BE McLaughlin, KD TI Coastal storms, toxic runoff, and the sustainable conservation of fish and fisheries SO MITIGATING IMPACTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON FISHERY ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AFS-Sea Grant Symposium on Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems held at the 137th AFS Annual Meeting CY SEP 05-06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA Fisheries, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; RAINBOW-TROUT; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LAND-USE; COHO SALMON AB Nonpoint source pollution in the form of stormwater runoff is one of the most important emerging threats to ecosystems along the coastal margins of the United States. A wide diversity of potentially toxic chemicals is commonly found in stormwater. These include the various pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other common contaminants that originate from commercial, industrial, residential, and agricultural land-use activities. These chemicals are mobilized from roads, lawns, crops, and other surfaces by rainfall and then transported to aquatic habitats via terrestrial runoff. The ongoing development of coastal watersheds nationwide is increasing the loading of nonpoint source pollutants to rivers, estuaries, and the nearshore marine environment. A central aim of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's national Coastal Storms Program (CSP) is to enhance the resiliency of coastal ecosystems by improving the ability of coastal communities to anticipate and reduce the impacts of contaminated terrestrial runoff. Toxic chemicals in stormwater can adversely impact the health of fish, including threatened and endangered species. Nonpoint source pollution can also degrade the biological integrity of aquatic communities that support productive fish populations. This article examines the effects of stormwater runoff on fish and fisheries. Using case studies drawn from CSP project work in the Pacific Northwest and Southern California pilot regions, we show how degraded water quality can impact the health of fish during critical life history stages (i.e.,spawning and rearing) as well as limit the overall effectiveness of fish habitat restoration. We also discuss some of the resources currently available to local communities to reduce the loading of toxics in stormwater, thereby increasing the resilience of aquatic communities. Finally, we identify priority areas for new research to help guide the future conservation and recovery of at-risk fish populations. C1 [McCarthy, Sarah G.; Incardona, John P.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 105 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-01-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 64 BP 7 EP 27 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BID63 UT WOS:000258728300001 ER PT S AU Hom, T Collier, TK Krahn, MM Strom, MS Ylitalo, GM Nilsson, WB Papunjpye, RN Varanasi, U AF Hom, Tom Collier, Tracy K. Krahn, Margaret M. Strom, Mark S. Ylitalo, Gina M. Nilsson, William B. Papunjpye, Rohinee N. Varanasi, Usha BE McLaughlin, KD TI Assessing seafood safety, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina SO MITIGATING IMPACTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON FISHERY ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AFS-Sea Grant Symposium on Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems held at the 137th AFS Annual Meeting CY SEP 05-06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA Fisheries, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED XENOBIOTICS; C-14 POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SIMULTANEOUS EXPOSURE; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; SECRETION; ESTUARY; SOUND; COAST AB The dewatering of New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina created an unprecedented situation regarding public safety, including the perception of unsafe seafood. The floodwaters flowing into nearshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) were known to contain oils, metals, and a wide range of pathogens and enteric bacteria, and there was also concern about synthetic chemical contaminants from flooded businesses and homes. The Northwest Fisheries Science Center was asked to mount an immediate response, both to collect samples of fish and shrimp from the potentially affected area as well as providing a wide range of chemical and microbiological analyses. Consequently, we conducted several sampling cruises from a variety of research vessels and chartered fishing boats in the GoM over the course of the following 12 months. While we sampled many species, we focused our analyses on Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulalus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus. Sampling began on 13 September 2005, within 1 week after floodwater pumping was intitated, and continued through September 2006. More than 300 seafood, water, and sediment samples were analyzed for a suite of organic chemical contaminants, including organochlorines, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). The samples were also tested for bacterial contamination, including fecal contaminants such as Escherichia coli and potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. While a range of both chemical and microbiological substances were detected, none were present in edible tissues at levels that posed any appreciable risk to human consumers of seafood products from the GoM, assuming that normal seafood preparation practices were followed. Petroleum-derived PACs in whites shrimp from both Lake Borgne and Mississippi Sound increased over several sampling periods in the fall and early winter (p < 0.001). However, these levels were quite low and had declined considerably by April 2006. Other than the increases in petroleum-derived PACs. our findings suggested little evidence of increased levels of contaminants immediately following the hurricane; however, the lackk of prestorm data hampered that determination. A lack of standard protocols, as well as issues related to risk assessment methodologies, complicated the ability to provide a coordinated multiagency communication of the results. As a result of our experiences in responding to this unprecedented environmental emergency. we recommend a more unified national capability for assessing seafood safety in our nation's coastal waters. C1 [Hom, Tom; Collier, Tracy K.; Krahn, Margaret M.; Strom, Mark S.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Nilsson, William B.; Papunjpye, Rohinee N.; Varanasi, Usha] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hom, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-01-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 64 BP 73 EP 93 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BID63 UT WOS:000258728300005 ER PT S AU Osborn, TR Danley, H Martin, EL AF Osborn, Timothy R. Danley, Howard Martin, Edward L. BE McLaughlin, KD TI Development and implementation of a large-scale debris survey and mapping project after the gulf coast hurricanes of 2005 SO MITIGATING IMPACTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON FISHERY ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AFS-Sea Grant Symposium on Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems held at the 137th AFS Annual Meeting CY SEP 05-06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA Fisheries, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv AB Hurricanes Katrina and Rita critically impacted the northern Gulf Coast. Shrimping and other commerical fishing industries saw large scale destruction of vessels and shor based facilities in addition to a deposition of large amounts of debris on fishing grounds from Alabama to Louisiana. In 2006, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) Office of Coast Survey and Office of Response and Restoration started the implementation of a large scale hazards survey program to map the coastal waters of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The first phase of the effort involved surveying more than 600 square nautical miles of coastal bays and nearshore waters with sidescan and single beam acoustic sonar. Survey findings are posted each week on a NOAA public Web site displaying the location of each hazard and debris found. The survey work is also updating the NOAA navigation charts for coastal areas that are used heavily by fishing vessels, the navigation industry, and recreational boaters. Survey planning and implementation is conducted cooperatively with the marine fisheries agencies of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. C1 [Osborn, Timothy R.; Danley, Howard; Martin, Edward L.] NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Osborn, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Off Coast Survey, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-01-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 64 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BID63 UT WOS:000258728300006 ER PT S AU Ingles, PJ AF Ingles, Palma J. BE McLaughlin, KD TI Sunken boats, tangled nets, and disrupted lives: Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on two coastal areas of Louisiana SO MITIGATING IMPACTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON FISHERY ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AFS-Sea Grant Symposium on Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems held at the 137th AFS Annual Meeting CY SEP 05-06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA Fisheries, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv AB On 29 August 2005, Hurricane Katrina came ashore devastating coastal communities in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This paper examines the impacts of Hurricane Katrina on two fishing communities in Louisiana: Grand Isle and the Empire-Venice area. Both of these areas were heavily involved in the commercial fishing industry before the hurricane bit. Empire-Venice is one of the top commercial fishing ports by volume of landings in the country. As the storm crossed the wetlands south of New Orleans, boats were sunk, houses and businesses were destroyed, and lives were changed, in some cases, perhaps, forever. After a natural disaster, it is important to examine impacts not only on the physical and biological environments, but also on the human communities located within those environments. The author conducted ethnographic research with fishermen and people who work in fishing-related business in both of these communities in 2004, the year before Hurricane Katrina landed. This provided valuable baseline information for comparison when the author returned in 2006. A year after the hurrricane, both communities were still struggling to recover from the storm. Grand Isle was recovering at a faster rate than the Empire-Venice area, which still looked like the storm had struck yesterday. This paper will describe some of the challenges of living in vulnerable areas of coastal Louisiana as well as explore the differences that underlie the rebuilding of these communities and the potential for recovery. Additionally, lessons learned for conducting research in fishing communities that have been devastated by natural disasters will be discussed. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 32605 USA. RP Ingles, PJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Reg Off, 263 13th St S, St Petersburg, FL 32605 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-01-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 64 BP 145 EP 167 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BID63 UT WOS:000258728300010 ER PT S AU Meadows, D Brosnan, D AF Meadows, Dwayne Brosnan, Deborah BE McLaughlin, KD TI Lessons for minimizing impacts to coral reef and other ecosystems from the 2004 tsunami SO MITIGATING IMPACTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON FISHERY ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AFS-Sea Grant Symposium on Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems held at the 137th AFS Annual Meeting CY SEP 05-06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA Fisheries, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv ID NATURAL DISASTERS; MANGROVES; BARRIERS AB The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami left a vast amount of destruction in its wake on land and in the sea. About 60% of coral reefs in the affected areas of Thailand were damaged, at least in the shallowest 10-20m (33-66ft) depth zones. Many damaged reef, beach, and mangrove areas in Thailand and Sri Lanka were high value tourist attractions or provided other important ecosystem goods and services. We were part of a fortuitous partnership of people with experience in reef restoration, coral reef science, marine debris removal, construction, professional scuba diving, business, marketing, and environmental nongovernmental organizations. We helped organize and fund multiple restoration and cleanup projects that restored damaged and detached sea fans in Similan Islands Marine National Park, restored hard corals, removed more than 453.59 metric tons of marine debris, and provided sustaible management advice to local stakeholders and decision makers. We later became involved in advising emergency management agencies on disaster preparedness and response. We use our reef-dominated experiences as a case study to suggest broader lessons learned for natural scientists to be involved in, and for emergency managers to consider, for mitigating and planning for future natural disaster impacts on fishery ecosystems. We also provide some coral-reef specific lessons regarding reattachment of large-sea fans, triaging and organizing large-scale volunteer marine debris recovery, and other coral ecosystem restoration efforts. We argue that "natural" disasters can cause significant damage to reefs and other ecosystems and that much damage results from human sources that are not natural and can be mitigated or prevented (such as siting and land-use decisions that lead to debris affecting reefs). Thus, we disagree with those who say natural events like hurricanes or isunamis "are not appropriate for reef restoration" (Precht 2006; Symons et al. 2006). Further, governments need to recognize the economic and inherent values of ecosystem goods and services in natural disaster response legislation and policies (e.g., The Stafford Act in the United States) to improve outcomes for society. We also argue that ecosystem advocates need to adopt the language of emergency management. C1 [Meadows, Dwayne] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources F PR3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Meadows, D (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources F PR3, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-01-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 64 BP 325 EP 342 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BID63 UT WOS:000258728300021 ER PT S AU Matlock, GC McLaughlin, KD AF Matlock, Gary C. McLaughlin, Katherine D. BE McLaughlin, KD TI Mitigating impacts of natural hazards on fishery ecosystems: Synthesis SO MITIGATING IMPACTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON FISHERY ECOSYSTEMS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AFS-Sea Grant Symposium on Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems held at the 137th AFS Annual Meeting CY SEP 05-06, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA Fisheries, US Geol Survey, US Fish & Wildlife Serv AB The "Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems" symposium looked at forecasting, impacts, and mitigation of a variety of natural hazards, including hurricanes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. A number of themes emerged, including the need to use pre-existing emergency management systems when responding to natural hazard impacts on fishery ecosystems; the utility of ecological forecasts, monitoring systems and effective communication in mitigating the impacts of natural hazard events; the imperative to increase the resiliency of fishery ecosystems; and the ability of pre-existing conditions to exacerbate the effects of these events. Beyond identifying the themes, we also discuss lessons learned to help mitigate the impacts of future events. C1 [Matlock, Gary C.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Matlock, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-01-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 64 BP 435 EP 443 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BID63 UT WOS:000258728300028 ER PT J AU Huigens, RW Ma, LY Gambino, C Moeller, PDR Basso, A Cavanagh, J Wozniak, DJ Melander, C AF Huigens, Robert W., III Ma, Luyan Gambino, Christopher Moeller, Peter D. R. Basso, Anne Cavanagh, John Wozniak, Daniel J. Melander, Christian TI Control of bacterial biofilms with marine alkaloid derivatives SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS LUNG; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; CELLS; BROMOAGELIFERIN; MECHANISMS; VIRULENCE AB Bacterial biofilms are defined as a community of surface-attached bacteria that are protected by an extracellular matrix of biomolecules. We have recently reported the synthesis of a small molecule, denoted TAGE, based on the natural product bromoageliferin and demonstrated that TAGE has anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Herein we demonstrate that TAGE: (1) does not have selective toxicity against cells within the biofilm state, (2) will inhibit biofilm development under flow conditions, indicating that the CV staining protocol correlates with the ability to be active under biomimetic conditions, and (3) will disperse preformed P. aeruginosa biofilms. We also present preliminary toxicity work that indicates that TAGE is devoid of cytotoxicity in rat and mice cell lines. Advanced derivatives of TAGE have generated compounds shown to be exceedingly effective as biofilm inhibitors against the g-proteobacteria in this study (P. aeruginosa strains PAO1, PA14, PDO300, and Acinetobacter baumannii). TAGE derivatives also possessed anti-biofilm activity against the b-proteobacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica (Rb50) and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus; TAGE derivatives inhibited the formation of biofilms, however, some of this activity is attributed to microbicidal activity. The TAGE derivatives presented in this study, however, do not disperse pre-formed biofilms with the same efficiency as TAGE. C1 [Huigens, Robert W., III; Gambino, Christopher; Basso, Anne; Melander, Christian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ma, Luyan; Wozniak, Daniel J.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cavanagh, John] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Melander, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM christian_melander@ncsu.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-58334]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-35177] NR 33 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1742-206X J9 MOL BIOSYST JI Mol. Biosyst. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 6 BP 614 EP 621 DI 10.1039/b719989a PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 304JW UT WOS:000256106800021 PM 18493660 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Zabel, RW Scheuerell, MD Sanderson, BL AF Waples, Robin S. Zabel, Richard W. Scheuerell, Mark D. Sanderson, Beth L. TI Evolutionary responses by native species to major anthropogenic changes to their ecosystems: Pacific salmon in the Columbia River hydropower system SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Summit on Evolutionary Change in Human-Altered Environments CY FEB 08-10, 2007 CL Inst Environm, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA HO Inst Environm, Univ Calif Los Angeles DE dams; Darwinian debt; invasive species; migration; reservoirs; selective regimes ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; LOWER SNAKE RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; MIGRATORY COSTS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CASPIAN TERNS AB The human footprint is now large in all the Earth's ecosystems, and construction of large dams in major river basins is among the anthropogenic changes that have had the most profound ecological consequences, particularly for migratory fishes. In the Columbia River basin of the western USA, considerable effort has been directed toward evaluating demographic effects of dams, yet little attention has been paid to evolutionary responses of migratory salmon to altered selective regimes. Here we make a first attempt to address this information gap. Transformation of the free-flowing Columbia River into a series of slack-water reservoirs has relaxed selection for adults capable of migrating long distances upstream against strong flows; conditions now favour fish capable of migrating through lakes and finding and navigating fish ladders. Juveniles must now be capable of surviving passage through multiple dams or collection and transportation around the dams. River flow patterns deliver some groups of juvenile salmon to the estuary later than is optimal for ocean survival, but countervailing selective pressures might constrain an evolutionary response toward earlier migration timing. Dams have increased the cost of migration, which reduces energy available for sexual selection and favours a nonmigratory life history. Reservoirs are a benign environment for many non-native species that are competitors with or predators on salmon, and evolutionary responses are likely (but undocumented). More research is needed to tease apart the relative importance of evolutionary vs. plastic responses of salmon to these environmental changes; this research is logistically challenging for species with life histories like Pacific salmon, but results should substantially improve our understanding of key processes. If the Columbia River is ever returned to a quasinatural, free-flowing state, remaining populations might face a Darwinian debt (and temporarily reduced fitness) as they struggle to re-evolve historical adaptations. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Zabel, Richard W.; Scheuerell, Mark D.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sanderson, Beth L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Mtlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 95 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 57 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 84 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03510.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 242QM UT WOS:000251740500008 PM 18268786 ER PT J AU Caballero, S Jackson, J Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Barrios-Garrido, H Beltran-Pedreros, S Montiel-Villalobos, MG Robertson, KM Baker, CS AF Caballero, Susana Jackson, Jennifer Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. Barrios-Garrido, Hector Beltran-Pedreros, Sandra Montiel-Villalobos, Maria G. Robertson, Kelly M. Baker, C. Scott TI Molecular systematics of South American dolphins Sotalia: Sister taxa determination and phylogenetic relationships, with insights into a multi-locus phylogeny of the Delphinidae SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Sotalia; Delphinidae; nuclear DNA; mitochondrial DNA; autosomal introns; Y chromosome introns ID NUCLEAR-GENE TREES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HUMPBACK WHALES; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; CETACEAN LINEAGES; TAXONOMIC STATUS; RIVER DOLPHINS; COMBINING DATA AB The evolutionary relationships among members of the cetacean family Delphinidae, the dolphins, pilot whales and killer whales, are still not well understood. The genus Sotalia (coastal and riverine South American dolphins) is currently considered a member of the Stenoninae subfamily, along with the genera Steno (rough toothed dolphin) and Sousa (humpbacked dolphin). In recent years, a revision of this classification was proposed based on phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, wherein Sousa was included in the Delphininae subfamily, keeping only Steno and Sotalia as members of the Stenoninae subfamily. Here we investigate the phylogenetic placement of Sotalia using two mitochondrial genes.. six autosomal introns and four Y chromosome introns, providing a total of 5,196 base pairs (bp) for each taxon in the combined dataset. Sequences from these genomic regions were obtained for 17 delphinid species, including at least one species from each of five or six currently recognized subfamilies plus five odontocete outgroup, species. Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of independent (each fragment) and combined datasets (mtDNA, nuDNA or mtDNA+nuDNA) showed that Sotalia and Sousa fall within a clade containing other members of Delphininae, exclusive of Steno. Sousa was resolved as the sister taxon to Sotalia according to analysis of the nuDNA dataset but not analysis of the mtDNA or combined mtDNA+nuDNA datasets. Based on the results from our multi-locus analysis, we offer several novel changes to the classification of Delphinidae, some of which are supported by previous morphological and molecular studies. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Caballero, Susana; Jackson, Jennifer; Baker, C. Scott] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Mol Ecol & Evolut, Auckland, New Zealand. [Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.] Caribbean Stranding Network, Red Caribena Varamientos, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Barrios-Garrido, Hector] Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Expt, Lab Ecol Gen, Maracaibo, Venezuela. [Beltran-Pedreros, Sandra] Ctr Univ Luterano Manaus, Colecao Zool Paulo Burheim, Zool Lab, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Montiel-Villalobos, Maria G.] IVIC, Ctr Ecol, Lab Ecol & Genet Poblaciones, Altos De Pipe, Estado Miranda, Venezuela. [Jackson, Jennifer; Baker, C. Scott] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Tissue & DNA Archive, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Caballero, S (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Mol Ecol & Evolut, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. EM s.caballero@auckland.ac.nz RI Jackson, Jennifer/E-7997-2013; Barrios-Garrido, Hector/D-8368-2012; OI Barrios-Garrido, Hector/0000-0002-7027-2656; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A./0000-0003-1443-4873 NR 100 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 252 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.015 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 265KW UT WOS:000253358800021 PM 18053749 ER PT J AU Friedrich, K Kingsmill, DE Flamant, C Murphey, HV Wakimoto, RM AF Friedrich, Katja Kingsmill, David E. Flamant, Cyrille Murphey, Hanne V. Wakimoto, Roger M. TI Kinematic and moisture characteristics of a nonprecipitating cold front observed during IHOP. Part I: Across-front structures SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR; MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; LOW-LEVEL STRUCTURE; SEA-BREEZE FRONT; AIRBORNE DOPPLER; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; CONVECTION INITIATION; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; AIRSTREAM BOUNDARIES AB A wide array of ground-based and airborne instrumentation is used to examine the kinematic and moisture characteristics of a nonprecipitating cold front observed in west-central Kansas on 10 June 2002 during the International H2O Project (IHOP). This study, the first of two parts, is focused on describing structures in the across-front dimension. Coarsely resolved observations from the operational network and dropsondes deployed over a 200-km distance centered on the front are combined with higher-resolution observations from in situ sensors, Doppler radars, a microwave radiometer, and a differential absorption lidar that were collected across a similar to 40-km swath that straddled a similar to 100-km segment of the front. The northeast-southwest-oriented cold front moved toward the southeast at similar to 8-10 m s(-1) during the morning hours, but its motion slowed to less than 1 m s(-1) in the afternoon. In the early afternoon, the cold front separated cool air with a northerly component flow of 2-4 m s(-1) from a 10-km-wide band of hot, dry air with 5 m s(-1) winds out of the south-southwest. The average updraft at the frontal interface was similar to 0.5 m s(-1) and slightly tilted back toward the cool air. A dryline was located to the southeast of the front, separating the hot, dry air mass from a warm, moist air mass composed of 10 m s(-1) southerly winds. Later in the afternoon, the warm, moister air moved farther to the northwest, approaching the cold front. The dryline was still well observed in the southwestern part of the observational domain while it vanished almost completely in the northeastern part. Low-level convergence (similar to 1 X 10(-3) s(-1)), vertical vorticity (similar to 0.5 X 10-3 s(-1)), and vertical velocity (similar to 1 m s(-1)) increased. The strong stable layer located at similar to 2.0-2.5 km MSL weakened in the course of the afternoon, providing a basis for the development of isolated thunderstorms. The applicability of gravity current theory to the cold front was studied. There was evidence of certain gravity current characteristics, such as Froude numbers between 0.7 and 1.4, a pronounced feeder flow toward the leading edge, and a rotor circulation. Other characteristics, such as a sharp change in pressure and lobe and cleft structures, remain uncertain due to the temporally and spatially variable nature of the phenomenon and the coarse resolution of the measurements. C1 [Friedrich, Katja; Kingsmill, David E.] Univ Colorado, ATOC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Friedrich, Katja; Kingsmill, David E.] NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Flamant, Cyrille] Inst Pierre Simon Lapl, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Murphey, Hanne V.; Wakimoto, Roger M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Friedrich, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, ATOC, CIRES, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM katja.friedrich@colorado.edu NR 68 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 147 EP 172 DI 10.1175/2007MWR1908.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256OT UT WOS:000252740200009 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Leslie, LM Mansell, ER Straka, JM AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Leslie, Lance M. Mansell, Edward R. Straka, Jerry M. TI Numerical simulations of the microphysics and electrification of the weakly electrified 9 February 1993 TOGA COARE squall line: Comparisons with observations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL VELOCITY EVENTS; OCEANIC CONVECTION; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; CLOUD MODEL; STORM; PRECIPITATION; THUNDERSTORM; DOPPLER; ORGANIZATION; INTENSITY AB A cloud scale model with a 12-class bulk microphysics scheme, including 10 ice phases and a 3D lightning parameterization, was used to investigate the electrical properties of a well-documented tropical squall line from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). Consistent with observations, the simulated maximum updraft speeds across the squall line seldom exceeded 10 m s(-1), which was expected given the relatively shallow 30-dBZ echo tops that rarely extended above the top of the mixed-phase layer (-20 degrees C isotherm). Enhanced warm rain processes caused most of the liquid water to precipitate near the gust front at lower levels (below 4 km AGL), which accounted for the small amounts of graupel and cloud water content present in the mixed-phase region and, consequently, for generally weak charging and electrification. Most of the charge present in the squall line was generated within a few storm cells just behind the leading edge of the gust front that had sufficiently strong updraft speeds near the melting level to produce moderate values of graupel mixing ratio (> 0.5 g kg(-1)). In contrast, the trailing stratiform region at the back of the line, which was mainly composed of ice crystals and snow particles, contained only weak net charge densities (< 0.03 nC m(-3)). The spatial collocation of regions characterized by charge densities exceeding 0.01 nC m(-3) and noninductive (NI) charging rates greater than 0.1 pC m(-3) s(-1) in this stratiform region suggests that NI charging is a plausible source for the majority of this charge, which was confined to discrete regions having small amounts of graupel (approximately 0.1-0.3 g kg-1) and cloud water content (CWC- similar to 0.1 g m(-3)). The simulated weak updraft speeds and shallow echo tops resulted in a system exhibiting little overall total lightning activity. Although the 5-min average intracloud (IC) flash rate rarely exceeded 10 flashes per minute and only 3 negative cloud-to-ground (-CG) lightning flashes were produced during the entire 4 h and 30 min of simulation, this still was more electrical activity than observed. This tendency for the model to generate more lightning flashes than observed remained when the inductive charging mechanism was turned off, which reduced the total amount of simulated flashes by about 43%. The three CG flashes and the great majority of the IC flashes occurred within the strongest cells located in the mature zone, which exhibited a normal tripole charge structure. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.; Leslie, Lance M.; Straka, Jerry M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Mansell, Edward R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Mansell, Edward R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 5900,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM afierro@ou.edu RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 364 EP 379 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2156.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256OT UT WOS:000252740200021 ER PT B AU Zrnic, D AF Zrnic, Dusan BE Yanovsky, F TI Weather Radar - Recent Developments and Trends SO MRRS: 2008 MICROWAVES, RADAR AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Microwaves, Radar and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 22-24, 2008 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP IEEE AES SP, Ukraine Joint Chapter, GRSS, IEEE East Ukraine Joint Chapter, AESS, MTT S, IEEE, EuMA, uRSi AB Recent developments in weather radar technology are discussed and results obtained with the NOAA/NSSL polarimetric Doppler research radar are shown. These include mitigation of range velocioty ambiguities via systematic phase coding of transmitted signal and staggered PRT technique. Reduction of errors and faster volume scans is possible by decorrelation transformation (whitening) of oversampled signals in range. Spectral processing of polarimetric variables brings a new dimension whereby it is possible to adaptively recognize ground clutter and filter it as well as to estimated winds by separating passive wind tracers (such as insects) from migrating birds. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zrnic, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2689-8 PY 2008 BP 174 EP 178 DI 10.1109/MRRS.2008.4669572 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Physics GA BIT82 UT WOS:000262656700036 ER PT S AU Fiscus, JG Ajot, J Garofolo, JS AF Fiscus, Jonathan G. Ajot, Jerome Garofolo, John S. BE Stiefelhagen, R Bowers, R Fiscus, J TI The rich transcription 2007 meeting recognition evaluation SO MULTIMODAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PERCEPTION OF HUMANS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Classification of Events Activities and Relationshops/Rich Transcription Evaluations CY MAY 08-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP CHIL, VACE, AMI, Informat Soc Technol, European Commiss Multimodal Interfaces Object, US Natl Inst Standards & Technol AB We present the design and results of the Spring 2007 (RT-07) Rich Transcription Meeting Recognition Evaluation; the fifth in a series of community-wide evaluations of language technologies in the meeting domain. For 2007, we supported three evaluation tasks: Speech-To-Text (STT) transcription, "Who Spoke When" Diarization (SPKR), and Speaker Attributed Speech-To-Text (SASTT). The SASTT task, which combines STT and SPKR tasks, was a new evaluation task. The test data consisted of three test sets: Conference Meetings, Lecture Meetings, and Coffee Breaks from lecture meetings. The Coffee Break data was included as a new test set this year. Twenty-one research sites materially contributed to the evaluation by providing data or building systems. The lowest STT word error rates with up to four simultaneous speakers in the multiple distant microphone condition were 40.6 %, 49.8 %, and 48.4 % for the conference, lecture, and coffee break test sets respectively. For the SPKR task, the lowest diarization error rates for all speech in the multiple distant microphone condition were 8.5 %, 25.8 %, and 25.5 % for the conference, lecture, and coffee break test sets respectively. For the SASTT task, the lowest speaker attributed word error rates for segments with up to three simultaneous speakers in the multiple distant microphone condition were 40.3 %, 59.3 %, and 68.4 % for the conference, lecture, and coffee break test sets respectively. C1 [Fiscus, Jonathan G.; Ajot, Jerome; Garofolo, John S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fiscus, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-68584-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4625 BP 373 EP 389 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHZ94 UT WOS:000257859200036 ER PT J AU Li, B Kang, MK Lu, K Huang, R Ho, PS Allen, RA Cresswell, MW AF Li, Bin Kang, Min K. Lu, Kuan Huang, Rui Ho, Paul S. Allen, Richard A. Cresswell, Michael W. TI Fabrication and characterization of patterned single-crystal silicon nanolines SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL CARBON NANOTUBES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; BENDING TEST; STRENGTH; NANOINDENTATION; FORCE; LITHOGRAPHY; INDENTATION; DEFORMATION AB This letter demonstrates a method for fabricating single-crystal Si nanolines, with rectangular cross sections and nearly atomically flat sidewalls. The high quality of these nanolines leads to superb mechanical properties, with the strain to fracture measured by nanoindentation tests exceeding 8.5% for lines of 74 nm width. A large displacement burst before fracture was observed, which is attributed to a buckling mechanism. Numerical simulations show that the critical load for buckling depends on the friction at the contact surface. C1 [Li, Bin; Lu, Kuan; Ho, Paul S.] Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Kang, Min K.; Huang, Rui] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Allen, Richard A.; Cresswell, Michael W.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM libin@mail.utexas.edu; ruihuang@mail.utexas.edu; paulho@mail.utexas.edu RI Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008 OI Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862 NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1021/nl072144i PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 249VI UT WOS:000252257700016 PM 18062713 ER PT J AU Fomenko, V Nesbitt, DJ AF Fomenko, Vasiliy Nesbitt, David J. TI Solution control of radiative and nonradiative lifetimes: A novel contribution to quantum dot blinking suppression SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; EXPONENTIAL DECAY PARAMETERS; METAL-ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SPECTRAL DIFFUSION; PBSE NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL GAIN; INTERMITTENCY AB Time-correlated single photon counting methods are used with confocal microscopy and maximum likelihood estimation analysis to obtain fluorescence lifetime trajectories for single quantum dots with KHz update rates. This technique reveals that control of the solution environment can influence both radiative (k(rad)) and nonradiative (k(nonrad)) pathways for electron-hole recombination emission in a single quantum dot and provides a novel contribution mechanism to nearly complete suppression of quantum dot blinking, specifically by an increase in k(rad). C1 [Fomenko, Vasiliy; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fomenko, Vasiliy; Nesbitt, David J.] JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Fomenko, Vasiliy; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 52 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 7 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1021/nl0726609 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 249VI UT WOS:000252257700051 PM 18095736 ER PT S AU Gu, XH Chen, LJ Xu, C Julthongpiput, D Fasolka, M Nguyen, T AF Gu, Xiaohong Chen, Lijiang Xu, Chang Julthongpiput, Duangrut Fasolka, Michael Tinh Nguyen BE Degertekin, L TI Effect of Relative Humidity on Chemical Heterogeneity Imaging with Atomic Force Microscopy SO NANOSCALE PHENOMENA IN FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS BY SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society / Symposium B - Nanoscale Phenomena in Functional Materials by Scanning Probe Microscopy CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB A well-controlled humidity system is used to enhance the sensitivity of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for characterizing surface chemical heterogeneity of patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and hydrophilic-hydrophobic polymeric brush specimens. Dependence of the AFM friction contrasts on surface energy differences between the hydrophilic regions and hydrophobic regions of the chemically heterogeneous samples has been investigated as a function of relative humidity (RH). Effects of RH and surface chemistry on tip/-sample adhesion are also investigated. Both AFM image contrast and tip-sample adhesion forces between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions are highly dependent on RH and follow similar trends as a function of RH. Results clearly demonstrate that, by using proper RH at the tip-sample environment, chemically heterogeneous regions can be distinguished with the AFM. C1 [Gu, Xiaohong; Chen, Lijiang; Tinh Nguyen] NIST, BFRL, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Chang; Julthongpiput, Duangrut; Fasolka, Michael] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gu, XH (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60560-814-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1025 DI 10.1557/PROC-1025-B16-10 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BDJ86 UT WOS:000313567200019 ER PT S AU Hooker, SA Geiss, R Schilt, R Kar, A AF Hooker, S. A. Geiss, R. Schilt, R. Kar, A. BE Mathur, S Singh, M TI RAPID INSPECTION OF CARBON NANOTUBE QUALITY SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS AB Carbon nanotubes have unique properties of interest for applications in aerospace, electronics, and biotechnology. However, the properties of different batches of carbon nanotubes can vary considerably depending on chemical purity and the nanotube types present (e.g., diameter and chirality distribution). Distinguishing the constituents of each nanotube batch is challenging, with many different techniques used in concert. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provides one measure of nanotube purity by assessing the material's thermal stability (i.e., how it oxidizes with temperature). Unfortunately, however, TGA analysis requires a relatively large specimen for each measurement (several milligrams), making it inappropriate for rapid screening of incoming materials. Moreover, the measurement provides only an average purity for the analyzed sample, and variability can occur on a much liner level. As many applications will utilize only a small quantity of nanotubes, new approaches are needed to assess variability for a much smaller specimen size. This paper describes a new analysis method that uses a quartz crystal as a miniature microbalance for determining mass changes at elevated temperature. Thin nanotube coatings are spray deposited onto the crystals, and shifts in a crystal's resonance frequency are directly correlated with changes in coating mass during heating due to volatilization of different carbon species. By monitoring the response of the crystal at one or more temperatures, different nanotube specimens can be directly compared. This paper demonstrates concept feasibility by comparing quartz crystal results with conventional TGA analysis and discusses methods for applying the technique in process and quality control settings. C1 [Hooker, S. A.; Geiss, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schilt, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kar, A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Troy, NY USA. RP Hooker, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19637-3 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 119 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BQO26 UT WOS:000281438800014 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Fu, Q Randel, WJ Reichler, TJ AF Seidel, Dian J. Fu, Qiang Randel, William J. Reichler, Thomas J. TI Widening of the tropical belt in a changing climate SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT; CIRCULATION; TRENDS AB Some of the earliest unequivocal signs of climate change have been the warming of the air and ocean, thawing of land and melting of ice in the Arctic. But recent studies are showing that the tropics are also changing. Several lines of evidence show that over the past few decades the tropical belt has expanded. This expansion has potentially important implications for subtropical societies and may lead to profound changes in the global climate system. Most importantly, poleward movement of large-scale atmospheric circulation systems, such as jet streams and storm tracks, could result in shifts in precipitation patterns affecting natural ecosystems, agriculture, and water resources. The implications of the expansion for stratospheric circulation and the distribution of ozone in the atmosphere are as yet poorly understood. The observed recent rate of expansion is greater than climate model projections of expansion over the twenty-first century, which suggests that there is still much to be learned about this aspect of global climate change. C1 [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Randel, William J.] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Reichler, Thomas J.] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov RI Randel, William/K-3267-2016 OI Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162 NR 31 TC 341 Z9 347 U1 14 U2 96 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1038/ngeo.2007.38 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309AX UT WOS:000256433200012 ER PT B AU Jacobson, DL Hussey, DS Baltic, E Larock, J Arif, M Gagliard, J Owejan, J Trabold, T AF Jacobson, D. L. Hussey, D. S. Baltic, E. Larock, J. Arif, M. Gagliard, J. Owejan, J. Trabold, T. BE Arif, M Downing, RG TI Neutron Radiography and Tomography Facilities at NIST to Analyze In-Situ PEM Fuel Cell Performance SO NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Conference on Neutron Radiography CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol AB Neutron methods have been shown to be an important tool to analyze the performance of PEM fuel cells and the materials used in fuel cells. Among these methods are those of neutron radiography and tomography. Neutron radiography as a method for studying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells has been rapidly developed at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (CNR), and is currently one of the many neutron tools for studying operating fuel cells as well as the components used in fuel cells. Neutrons penetrate most of the materials that compose fuel cells, but are sensitive to small amounts of hydrogen in quantities much less than a microgram. This feature makes the use of neutron imaging techniques ideal for studying the transient and steady state behavior of liquid water inside operating fuel cells. The penetrating nature of neutrons allows the use of standard fuel cell designs for in-situ analysis. The NIST Neutron Imaging Facility provides the necessary infrastructure to study fuel cells, including the fuel cell test stand and all the gases required in standard fuel cell testing. In addition to the extensive support of fuel cell activities, the facility also has software for imaging processing in both two and three dimensions. Access to neutrons and the facilities at the CNR are provided to the general public through a peer-reviewed proposal process. The research at the facility also includes the development of advanced imaging capabilities. With recent advances in neutron imaging technology that have demonstrated that spatial resolution below 25 micrometers is possible. This is an order of magnitude improvement over the previously available spatial resolution. We will describe the realistic capabilities of this technique and the future plans for the facility. C1 [Jacobson, D. L.; Hussey, D. S.; Baltic, E.; Larock, J.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacobson, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-74-9 PY 2008 BP 50 EP 57 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIL10 UT WOS:000260456500007 ER PT B AU Coakley, KJ Hussey, DS Vecchia, DF AF Coakley, K. J. Hussey, D. S. Vecchia, D. F. BE Arif, M Downing, RG TI Statistical Learning Methods for Neutron Transmission Tomography of Fuel Cells SO NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Conference on Neutron Radiography CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; CROSS-VALIDATION; EM ALGORITHM; EMISSION; RESTORATION; PET AB In a fuel cell, water is formed as a by-product of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. As a neutron beam passes through a fuel cell, it can undergo s-wave scattering. For the dry and wet states of a fuel cell, there are spatially varying neutron attenuation images. Ideally, the difference of these attenuation images is proportional to the water density in the fuel cell. We estimate a non-negative residual attenuation image from joint analysis of the wet and dry state projection data using a penalized likelihood (PL) method with a Huber penalty function that has two adjustable regularization parameters. We also reconstruct using a Filtered Back Projection (FBP) method where we apodize the ramp filter by a window corresponding to a Gaussian kernel with an adjustable standard deviation. We determine the adjustable regularization parameters by a statistical learning method called two-fold cross-validation. We simulate projection data based on Hussey phantom images and neglect beam hardening effects, backgrounds, and model the number of detected photoelectrons as a compound Poisson process. For simulated data, the PL approach yields sharper reconstructions than does the FBP approach. C1 [Coakley, K. J.; Vecchia, D. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Coakley, KJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-74-9 PY 2008 BP 155 EP 164 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIL10 UT WOS:000260456500018 ER PT B AU Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Coakley, KJ Arif, M AF Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Coakley, K. J. Arif, M. BE Arif, M Downing, RG TI Neutron Coded Source Imaging SO NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Conference on Neutron Radiography CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol ID RADIOGRAPHY; ARRAYS AB Neutron coded source imaging, analog to coded aperture imaging, is based on forming a pinhole image with an array of pinholes whose arrangement is such that there is a method to deconvolve the blurred image of the array to retrieve the exact image. The image reconstruction algorithm depends on the sample position, potentially enabling laminography from a single image. Additionally, with multiple, small (less than 0.1 mm) diameter pinholes, a coded source could potentially provide several orders of magnitude increase in the intensity of phase imaging, an intensity limited neutron imaging technique. In this paper we demonstrate the first simple neutron coded source images, as well as discussing numerical and visible light tests of coded source based laminography in transmission imaging. C1 [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hussey, DS (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-74-9 PY 2008 BP 174 EP 178 PG 5 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIL10 UT WOS:000260456500020 ER PT B AU Cleveland, TE Hussey, DS Chen, ZY Jacobson, DL Brown, RL Carter-Wientjes, C Cleveland, TE Arif, M AF Cleveland, T. E. Hussey, D. S. Chen, Z. -Y. Jacobson, D. L. Brown, R. L. Carter-Wientjes, C. Cleveland, T. E. Arif, M. BE Arif, M Downing, RG TI The Use of Neutron Tomography for the Structural Analysis of Corn Kernels SO NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Conference on Neutron Radiography CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; RADIOGRAPHY; MAIZE; RESISTANCE; WOOD; AGRICULTURE AB Neutron tomography was studied as a technique for non-destructively analyzing the internal structure of dried corn kernels. The study had two goals: first, to determine if the analysis could identify well-known anatomical features of the kernels; and second, to determine if it could distinguish between different types and treatments of kernels. Specifically, kernels which were infected vs. uninfected with the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus were analyzed. Two different varieties of corn were used: VA35 (susceptible to A. flavus infection) and GT-MAS:gk (resistant). It was found that many anatomical features of the kernels could be identi-fied using neutron tomography, including the scutellum, endosperm, aleurone, pericarp, pedicel, coleorhizae, radical, plumule, and coleoptile. Furthermore, differences were detected between susceptible kernels that had been inoculated and those that had not. Infected kernels were found to have lower neutron attenuation in the scutellum and embryo regions, possibly caused by lower hydrogen concentrations due to fungal degradation. No systematic structural differences were detected between resistant inoculated and resistant uninoculated kernels, as would be expected. This study indicated that neutron tomography could be a useful technique for the structural analysis of corn, and possibly other grains or small biological objects. C1 [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] NIST, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Nucl Interact & Dosimetry Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arif, M (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Nucl Interact & Dosimetry Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arif@nist.gov; arif@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-74-9 PY 2008 BP 395 EP 404 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIL10 UT WOS:000260456500046 ER PT B AU Hussey, DS Owejan, JP Jacobson, DL Trabold, TA Gagliard, J Baker, DR Caulk, DA Arif, M AF Hussey, D. S. Owejan, J. P. Jacobson, D. L. Trabold, T. A. Gagliard, J. Baker, D. R. Caulk, D. A. Arif, M. BE Arif, M Downing, RG TI Tomographic Imaging of an Operating Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell SO NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Conference on Neutron Radiography CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol ID WATER TRANSPORT; LIQUID WATER; MANAGEMENT; SCATTERING; NAFION AB Neutron imaging has played a pivotal role in diagnostics of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, as it is the only in situ probe of the real time water content of the operating fuel cell. To date, neutron imaging work has been based on two dimensional radiographs, which do not unambiguously distinguish the location of liquid water in anode vs. cathode diffusion layers. Tomographs taken of a differential cell operating at four different inlet gas humidities revealed that water content was peaked in the anode diffusion media. The tomograms were acquired after the cell operated at the new condition for 20 minutes, and it was assumed that the water and electrical properties had stabilized. The unphysical result is shown to be a result of the water transport taking longer to equilibrate than the electrical properties, through a series of radiography experiments designed to determine whether capillary pressure or evaporation play a larger role in diffusion media water transport. C1 [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hussey, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-74-9 PY 2008 BP 470 EP 479 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIL10 UT WOS:000260456500055 ER PT B AU Downing, RG AF Downing, R. G. BE Arif, M Downing, RG TI High Resolution Position Sensitive Neutron Detector (HRPSND) SO NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Conference on Neutron Radiography CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol AB Neutrons are effective in investigating numerous material properties and scientific phenomenon. An example of a technique that utilizes the unique attributes of the neutron is radiography. Neutron techniques are beneficial for imaging studies because of the highly penetrating nature of the neutron and the strong contrast of hydrogen in high atomic weight mechanical structures. Radiography can quantitatively produce near real-time images of the hydrogen distribution in operating fuel cells that assist the understanding and development of this renewable energy source. However, the spatial resolution of existing neutron detectors is inadequate by an order of magnitude or more to image some critical areas of the cell. Resolution for imaging of low energy neutrons is about 20 mu m(2). Real-time position sensitive neutron detectors are generally to able resolve features from 30 mu m(2) to 130 mu m(2). No detector is able to adequately image the hydrogen distribution in a typical hydrogen fuel cell proton exchange membrane that is often 20 mu m to 50 mu m in thickness. A new neutron detection system is described that would enable the determination of neutron distribution maps for capturing images with linear resolutions of better than a micrometer. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Downing, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-74-9 PY 2008 BP 616 EP 621 PG 6 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIL10 UT WOS:000260456500072 ER PT S AU Harmsen, EW Mesa, SEG Ramirez-Beltran, ND Pol, SC Kuligowski, RJ Vasquez, R AF Harmsen, Eric W. Mesa, Santa Elizabeth Gomez Ramirez-Beltran, Nazario D. Pol, Sandra Cruz Kuligowski, Robert J. Vasquez, Ramon BE Mastorakis, NE Mladenov, V Bojkovic, Z Simian, D Kartalopoulos, S Varonides, A Udriste, C Kindler, E Narayanan, S Mauri, JL Parsiani, H Man, KL TI Remote Sensing QPE Uncertainties Associated with Sub-Pixel Rainfall Variation SO NEW ASPECTS OF SYSTEMS, PTS I AND II SE Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th WSEAS International Conference on SYSTEMS CY JUL 22-24, 2008 CL Heraklion, GREECE SP WSEAS DE satellite pixel; rainfall variability; QPE; rain gauge; radar; validation; hydrologic modeling ID VARIABILITY; CATCHMENT AB Rain gauge networks are used to calibrate and validate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) methods based on remote sensing, which may be used as data sources for hydrologic models. The typical approach is to adjust (calibrate) or compare (validate) the rainfall in the QPE pixel with the rain gauge located within the pixel. The QPE result represents a mean rainfall over the pixel area, whereas the rainfall from the gauge represents a point, although it is normally assumed to represent some area. In some cases the QPE pixel area may be millions of square meter in size. We hypothesize that many rain gauge networks in environments similar to this study (i.e., tropical coastal), which provide only one rain gauge per remote sensing pixel, may lead to error when used to calibrate/validate QPE methods, and that consequently these errors may be propagated throughout the hydrologic models. The objective of this paper is to describe a ground-truth rain gauge network located in western Puerto Rico which will be available to test our hypothesis. In this paper we discuss results from the rain gauge network, but do not present any QPE validation results. In addition to being valuable for validating satellite and radar QPE data, the rain gauge network is being used to test and calibrate atmospheric simulation models and to gain a better understanding of the sea breeze effect and its influence on rainfall. In this study, 62 storms were evaluated between August 2006 and August 2007. The area covered by the rain gauge network was limited to a single GOES-12 pixel (4 kin x 4 km). Five-minute and total storm rainfall amounts were spatially variable at the sub-pixel scale. Average storm rainfall from more than a quarter (27%) of the 3,627 rain gauge-pairs evaluated were significantly different at the 5% of significance level, indicating significant rainfall variation at the sub-pixel scale. The majority of storms during the study period were locally formed by sea breezes and heating, although the 27% of gauges whose average rainfall amounts were significantly different could not be correlated with any single type of storm. C1 [Harmsen, Eric W.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Mesa, Santa Elizabeth Gomez] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Math, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Ramirez-Beltran, Nazario D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Ind Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Pol, Sandra Cruz; Vasquez, Ramon] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Harmsen, EW (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM eharmsen@uprm.edu; santagm3@gmail.com; nazario@ece.uprm.edu; SandraCruzPol@ieee.org; Bob.Kuligawski@noaa.gov; reve@ece.uprm.edu RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 FU NOAA-CREST; NSF-CASA; NASA-IDEAS; USDA HATCH [H-402]; USDA-TSTAR [100] FX Financial support was received from NOAA-CREST, NSF-CASA, NASA-IDEAS, USDA HATCH (H-402) and USDA-TSTAR (100). We would especially like to thank Dr. Robert Kuligowski of NOAA NESDIS for providing information related to the GOES-12 satellite and the Hydro-Estimator QPE algorithm. Thanks also to Dr. Mark Jury of the University of Puerto Rico- Mayaguez Physics Department for his assistance in determing storm classifications. Finally, we would like to thank the numerous students that helped install rain gauges and collect rainfall data throughout the project: Edvier Cabassa, Jerak Cintron, Ian Garcia, Mariana Leon Perez, Melvin Cardona, Ramon Rodriguez, Marcel Giovanni Prieto, Victor Hugo Ramirez, Yaritza Perez, Romara Santiago, Alejandra Roja, Jorge Canals, Julian Harmsen and Lua Harmsen. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE SN 1792-4308 BN 978-960-6766-83-1 J9 MATH COMPUT SCI ENG PY 2008 BP 789 EP + PG 5 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BIM11 UT WOS:000260669900128 ER PT S AU Ramirez-Beltran, ND Kuligowski, RJ Harmsen, EW Castro, JM Cruz-Pol, S Cardona-Soto, MJ AF Ramirez-Beltran, Nazario D. Kuligowski, Robert J. Harmsen, Eric W. Castro, Joan M. Cruz-Pol, Sandra Cardona-Soto, Melvin J. BE Mastorakis, NE Mladenov, V Bojkovic, Z Simian, D Kartalopoulos, S Varonides, A Udriste, C Kindler, E Narayanan, S Mauri, JL Parsiani, H Man, KL TI Validation and Strategies to Improve the Hydro-Estimator and NEXRAD over Puerto Rico SO NEW ASPECTS OF SYSTEMS, PTS I AND II SE Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th WSEAS International Conference on SYSTEMS CY JUL 22-24, 2008 CL Heraklion, GREECE SP WSEAS DE validation; NEXRAD; Hydro-Estimator; retrieval algorithm; rain rate; GOES; brightness temperature ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; RAINFALL ALGORITHM; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; RESOLUTION; MODELS; SYSTEM AB Validation of the Hydro-Estimator (HE) and the Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) during heavy storms over Puerto Rico (PR) is reported. The HE is a high resolution rainfall retrieval algorithm based on satellite and numerical whether prediction model data. The accuracy of the HE and the NEXRAD rainfall estimates can be measured by decomposing the rainfall process in sequences of discrete (rain / no rain) and continuous (rainfall rate) random variables. Validation results are based on five heavy storms that seriously impacted human life and the economy of PR during the period 2003 to 2005. The average discrete validation results indicate acceptable hit rate values for both the HE and NEXRAD (0.76 vs. 0.87) and reasonable discrete bias ratios (1.04 vs. 0.73) but a very low of probability of detection of rain for both the HE and NEXRAD (0.36 vs. 0.52). The HE shows an average overestimation whereas the NEXRAD exhibits underestimation in the continuous validation results (continuous bias ratio of 1.14 vs 0.70 for NEXRAD), which contributes to moderate overall errors for the HE and NEXRAD in terms of root mean squared error (2.14 nun vs. 1.66 mm) and mean absolute error (0.96 min vs. 0.77 mm). The HE algorithm was designed to operate over US continental areas and satisfactory results have been reported. However, over tropical regions it was determined that warm clouds can generate substantial rainfall amounts that are not detected by the HE algorithm. Infrared band differencing techniques are using to explore the possibility of improving the detection of warm-cloud rain events over PR. We are also classifying clouds based on Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager data in a manner that will lead to improved relationships between infrared brightness temperatures and rainfall rates. C1 [Ramirez-Beltran, Nazario D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Ind Engn, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] Cte Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Harmsen, Eric W.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Castro, Joan M.; Cruz-Pol, Sandra; Cardona-Soto, Melvin J.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Ramirez-Beltran, ND (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Ind Engn, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM nazario@ece.uprm.edu; Bob.Kuligowski@noaa.gov; eharmsen@uprm.edu; joanmanuelcastro@yahoo.com; SandraCruzPol@ieee.org; cardonam@gmail.com RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 FU NOAA-CREST [NA17AE1625]; NSF-ERC-CASA [0313747]; NOAA-NWS [NA06NWS468001]; University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez FX This research has been supported by NOAA-CREST grant number NA17AE1625, the NSF-ERC-CASA with a grant Number 0313747, NOAA-NWS grant number NA06NWS468001, and also by the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. The authors appreciate and recognize the funding support from these institutions. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE SN 1792-4308 BN 978-960-6766-83-1 J9 MATH COMPUT SCI ENG PY 2008 BP 799 EP + PG 4 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BIM11 UT WOS:000260669900129 ER PT J AU Nikolopoulos, EI Kruger, A Krajewski, WF Williams, CR Gage, KS AF Nikolopoulos, E. I. Kruger, A. Krajewski, W. F. Williams, C. R. Gage, K. S. TI Comparative rainfall data analysis from two vertically pointing radars, an optical disdrometer, and a rain gauge SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-SCALE RAINFALL; MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION; ERRORS; FIELDS AB The authors present results of a comparative analysis of rainfall data from several ground-based instruments. The instruments include two vertically pointing Doppler radars, S-band and X-band, an optical disdrometer, and a tipping-bucket rain gauge. All instruments were collocated at the Iowa City Municipal Airport in Iowa City, Iowa, for a period of several months. The authors used the rainfall data derived from the four instruments to first study the temporal variability and scaling characteristics of rainfall and subsequently assess the instrumental effects on these derived properties. The results revealed obvious correspondence between the ground and remote sensors, which indicates the significance of the instrumental effect on the derived properties. C1 [Nikolopoulos, E. I.; Kruger, A.; Krajewski, W. F.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kruger, A.; Williams, C. R.; Gage, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kruger, A.; Williams, C. R.; Gage, K. S.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kruger, A (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM anton-kruger@uiowa.edu RI Nikolopoulos, Efthymios/B-1717-2013; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Nikolopoulos, Efthymios/0000-0002-5206-1249; Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 FU NSF [EAR-0409738]; NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission; Rose & Joseph Endowment FX The authors acknowledge support from NSF Grant EAR-0409738. NOAA participation was supported in part by a grant from the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission. W. Krajewski acknowledges partial support of the Rose & Joseph Endowment. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 BP 987 EP 997 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393XP UT WOS:000262410100016 ER PT J AU Son, J Hou, D Toth, Z AF Son, J. Hou, D. Toth, Z. TI An assessment of Bayesian bias estimator for numerical weather prediction SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODEL OUTPUT STATISTICS; FORECAST SKILL; VERIFICATION AB Various statistical methods are used to process operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) products with the aim of reducing forecast errors and they often require sufficiently large training data sets. Generating such a hindcast data set for this purpose can be costly and a well designed algorithm should be able to reduce the required size of these data sets. This issue is investigated with the relatively simple case of bias correction, by comparing a Bayesian algorithm of bias estimation with the conventionally used empirical method. As available forecast data sets are not large enough for a comprehensive test, synthetically generated time series representing the analysis (truth) and forecast are used to increase the sample size. Since these synthetic time series retained the statistical characteristics of the observations and operational NWP model output, the results of this study can be extended to real observation and forecasts and this is confirmed by a preliminary test with real data. By using the climatological mean and standard deviation of the meteorological variable in consideration and the statistical relationship between the forecast and the analysis, the Bayesian bias estimator outperforms the empirical approach in terms of the accuracy of the estimated bias, and it can reduce the required size of the training sample by a factor of 3. This advantage of the Bayesian approach is due to the fact that it is less liable to the sampling error in consecutive sampling. These results suggest that a carefully designed statistical procedure may reduce the need for the costly generation of large hindcast datasets. C1 [Son, J.] Numer Predict Ctr KMA, Seoul, South Korea. [Hou, D.; Toth, Z.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Washington, DC USA. [Hou, D.] SAIC, Washington, DC USA. RP Son, J (reprint author), Numer Predict Ctr KMA, Seoul, South Korea. EM jhson@kma.go.kr RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 FU EMC FX Much of the computation and analysis leading to this paper was performed during the first author's visit to Environmental Modeling Center (EMC)/NCEP/NOAA. Dr. Stephen Lord, the director of EMC is acknowledged for his support of the visit and this research. The authors are grateful to Roman Krzysztofowicz for discussions that substantially improved the manuscript, Yuejian Zhu for providing reanalysis and operational forecast data, and Bo Cui for the help with the computation. We thank Vladimir Krasnopolsky and George Trojan for reviewing the manuscript with constructive suggestions, and Mary Hart for the help with improving the English of the manuscript. Two Anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their comments and suggestions that led to further improvement of the revised version of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1022 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393XP UT WOS:000262410100018 ER PT S AU Kurland, J AF Kurland, Jon BE Allee, BJ TI Meeting the Environmental Challenge in the North Aleutian Basin SO NORTH ALEUTIAN BASIN ENERGY-FISHERIES, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS SE ALASKA SEA GRANT REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North Aleutian Basin Energy Fisheries Workshop CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Kurland, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA SN 0271-7069 BN 978-1-56612-137-8 J9 ALASKA SEA PY 2008 VL 09-03 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BJG20 UT WOS:000265596600008 ER PT J AU Hartel, KE Kenaley, CP Galbraith, JK Sutton, TT AF Hartel, Karsten E. Kenaley, Christopher P. Galbraith, John K. Sutton, Tracey T. TI Additional records of deep-sea fishes from off greater New England SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; STOMIIDAE; LOPHIIFORMES; ONEIRODIDAE; EUSTOMIAS; TELEOSTEI; REVISION; PISCES AB A recent review of deep-sea fishes captured deeper than 200 in off greater New England, from the Scotian Shelf at 44 degrees N to the Southern New England Shelf at about 38 degrees N, documented 591 species. Subsequent trawling activity and reviews of deep-sea taxa occurring in the area have revealed that an additional 40 species inhabit the deep sea off New England. Thirty-two of these new records were captured in the Course of 44 bottom trawls and 94 mid-water trawls over or in the proximity of Bear Seamount (39 degrees 55'N, 67 degrees 30'W). Five of the 40 species have been described as new to science, at least in part from material taken in the study area. In addition to describing such information as specimen size and position, depth, and date of capture, errors made in the previous study of deep-sea fishes in the area are identified and corrected. C1 [Kenaley, Christopher P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hartel, Karsten E.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Galbraith, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sutton, Tracey T.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Kenaley, CP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ckenaley@u.washington.edu FU University of Washington; National Science Foundation [DEB-0314637] FX M. Vecchione (NMFS) organized, sought, and received funding for the exploratory trawling by the RV Delaware 11; we thank him for access to this material. Our thanks to A. Holmes (formerly MCZ now ANSP) and A. Williston (MCZ) for curatorial support and for taking several images. E. Shea assisted with data management. D. Markle (OS), M. Melo (AUM), J. Nielsen (ZMUC), J. Paxton (AMS), T. Pietsch (UW), and D. Smith (USNM) identified several specimens or otherwise confirmed our identifications. C.P. Kenaley was supported in part by the Dorothy T. Gilbert Memorial Endowment at the University of Washington and National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0314637, T.W. Pietsch, principal investigator. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 317 EP 334 DI 10.1656/1092-6194-15.3.317 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357LX UT WOS:000259848400001 ER PT J AU McHenry, ML Pess, GR AF McHenry, Michael L. Pess, George R. TI An overview of monitoring options for assessing the response of salmonids and their aquatic ecosystems in the Elwha River following dam removal SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON STREAMS; WOODY DEBRIS; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; STEELHEAD; OREGON; TROUT AB Removal of two hydroelectric dams on the Elwha River, Washington, one of the largest river restoration projects in the United States, represents a unique opportunity to assess the recovery of fish populations and aquatic ecosystems at the watershed scale. The current project implementation does not contain sufficient funding to support comprehensive monitoring of restoration effectiveness. As a result, current monitoring efforts are piecemeal and uncoordinated, creating the possibility that project managers will not be able to answer fundamental questions concerning salmonid and ecosystem response. We present the initial elements of a monitoring framework designed to assess the effectiveness of dam removal on the recovery of Elwha River salmonids, their aquatic habitats, and the food webs of which they are an integral component. The monitoring framework is linked to the Elwha Fisheries Restoration Plan, which outlines the restoration of native stocks of salmon and relies upon a process of adaptive management. The monitoring framework includes two areas of emphasis-salmonid population recovery and ecosystem response. We provide study design considerations and make recommendations for additional monitoring efforts prior to dam removal. Based on a power analysis, we determined that a minimum of 3-11 years and up to 50 years of monitoring will be required to capture potential ecosystem responses following dam removal. The development C1 [McHenry, Michael L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. [Pess, George R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP McHenry, ML (reprint author), Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Dept Fisheries, 51 Hatchery Rd, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. EM mike.mchenry@elwha.nsn.us NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 33 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 29 EP 47 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700004 ER PT J AU Pess, GR McHenry, ML Beechie, TJ Davies, J AF Pess, George R. McHenry, Michael L. Beechie, Timothy J. Davies, Jeremy TI Biological impacts of the Elwha River dams and potential salmonid responses to dam removal SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; MATING SYSTEM; COHO SALMON; STEELHEAD; WASHINGTON; ABUNDANCE; STREAM; TROUT AB The Elwha River dams have disconnected the upper and lower Elwha watershed for over 94 years. This has disrupted salmon migration and reduced salmon habitat by 90%. Several historical salmonid populations have been extirpated, and remaining populations are dramatically smaller than estimated historical population size. Dam removal will reconnect upstream habitats which will increase salmonid carrying capacity, and allow the downstream movement of sediment and wood leading to long-term aquatic habitat improvements. We hypothesize that salmonids will respond to the dam removal by establishing persistent, self-sustaining populations above the dams within one to two generations. We collected data on the impacts of the Elwha River dams on salmonid populations and developed predictions of species-specific response dam removal. Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Chinook (O. tshawytscha), and steelhead (O. mykiss) will exhibit the greatest spatial extent due to their initial population size, timing, ability to maneuver past natural barriers, and propensity to utilize the reopened alluvial valleys. Populations of pink (O. gorbuscha), chum (O. keta), and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon will follow in extent and timing because of smaller extant populations below the dams. The initially high sediment loads will increase stray rates from the Elwha and cause deleterious effects in the egg to outmigrant fry stage for all species. Dam removal impacts will likely cause a lag in recolonization and population rebuilding. These negative sediment effects will be locally buffered by the extent of functioning floodplain, and management attempts to minimize sediment impacts. Resident life forms of char (Salvelinus confluentus), rainbow trout (O. mykiss), and cutthroat (O. clarki) will positively interact with their anadromous counterparts resulting in a positive population level response. C1 [Pess, George R.; Beechie, Timothy J.; Davies, Jeremy] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McHenry, Michael L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. RP Pess, GR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM george.pess@noaa.gov NR 73 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 14 U2 78 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 72 EP 90 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700007 ER PT J AU Brenkman, SJ Pess, GR Torgersen, CE Kloehn, KK Duda, JJ Corbett, SC AF Brenkman, Samuel J. Pess, George R. Torgersen, Christian E. Kloehn, Kristoter K. Duda, Jeffrey J. Corbett, Stephen C. TI Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington state, USA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BULL TROUT; BROOK TROUT; COHO SALMON; MIGRATORY PATTERNS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; COMPETITION; STREAMS; LAKE AB The restoration of salmonids in the Elwha River following dam removal will cause interactions between anadromous and potamodromous forms as recolonization occurs in upstream and downstream directions. Anadromous salmonids are expected to recolonize historic habitats, and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) isolated above the dams for 90 years are expected to reestablish anadromy. We summarized the distribution and abundance of potamodromous salmonids, determined locations of spawning areas, and mapped natural barriers to fish migration at the watershed scale based on data collected from 1993 to 2006. Rainbow trout were far more abundant than bull trout throughout the watershed and both species were distributed up to river km 71. Spawning locations for bull trout and rainbow trout occurred in areas where we anticipate returning anadromous fish to spawn. Normative brook trout were confined to areas between and below the dams, and seasonal velocity barriers are expected to prevent their upstream movements. We hypothesize that the extent of interaction between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids will vary spatially due to natural barriers that will limit upstream-directed recolonization for some species of salmonids. Consequently, most competitive interactions will occur in the main stem and floodplain downstream of river km 25 and in larger tributaries. Understanding future responses of Pacific salmonids after dam removal in the Elwha River depends upon an understanding of existing conditions of the salmonid community upstream of the dams prior to dam removal. C1 [Brenkman, Samuel J.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Pess, George R.; Kloehn, Kristoter K.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Corbett, Stephen C.] Natl Pk Serv, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Brenkman, SJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Olympic Natl Pk,600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM sam_brenkman@nps.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 41 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 91 EP 106 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700008 ER PT J AU Burke, BJ Frick, KE Moses, RE McHenry, ML AF Burke, Brian J. Frick, Kinsey E. Moses, Raymond E. McHenry, Michael L. TI Movements by adult coho salmon in the lower Elwha River, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC SALMON; HATCHERY; STEELHEAD; WILD AB The Elwha and Glines Canyon dams caused a dramatic decline in the numbers of all species of native Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Elwha River. During the fall of 2005 and 2006, we radiotagged 49 adult coho salmon (O. kisutch) and tracked their movements between the Elwha River mouth and Elwha Dam (7.3 rkms). Half of all tagged fish were never relocated, likely due to emigration from the river. The remainder tended to migrate quickly and directly to one or two areas saturated with large woody debris and gravel, known to be high quality spawning habitat, and remain there. However, 7 of the 13 tagged fish in 2005 made multiple upstream and downstream movements prior to spawning. No tagged fish in either year migrated farther upstream than a rock weir approximately 4.9 km from the river mouth and 2.4 km downstream from the Elwha Dam, possibly indicating a migration barrier for coho salmon. We did not detect qualitative differences in migration behavior between hatchery and unknown-origin fish, but we did find that males moved slightly larger distances after tagging than females (average, 3.6 km for males, 2.5 km for females, t-test, P = 0.41). A large flow event on 6 November 2006 caused 8 of 11 tagged fish residing in the river to emigrate; none of these fish returned. Results both confirm ideas of coho salmon biology and raise concerns regarding environmental impacts on coho salmon recolonization following dam removal. C1 [Burke, Brian J.; Frick, Kinsey E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moses, Raymond E.; McHenry, Michael L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. RP Burke, BJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brian.burke@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 119 EP 127 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700010 ER PT J AU Winans, GA McHenry, ML Baker, J Elz, A Goodbla, A Iwamoto, E Kuligowski, D Miller, KM Small, MP Spruell, P Van Doornik, D AF Winans, Gary A. McHenry, Michael L. Baker, Jon Elz, Anna Goodbla, Alisha Iwamoto, Eric Kuligowski, David Miller, Krist M. Small, Maureen P. Spruell, Paul Van Doornik, Don TI Genetic inventory of anadromous pacific salmonids of the Elwha River prior to dam removal SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TETRANUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITE LOCI; RAINBOW-TROUT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHINOOK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; STOCK IDENTIFICATION AB We genetically characterized seven species of Pacific salmonids in the Elwha River and in selected neighboring rivers prior to the impending removal of two dams. Monitoring the genetics of recolonization of the watershed by remnant native, hatchery, and/or adjacent watershed populations is a critical element to further our understanding of ecosystem restoration. By pooling data from independent studies, we assessed intraspecific diversity for pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum salmon (O. keta), coho salmon (O. kisutch), sockeye salmon (O. nerka), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Levels and patterns of genetic variability within and among collections were evaluated at 6-15 microsatellite (mSAT) loci per species. Each species had 3-8 loci with 20 or more alleles. In all species, an Elwha collection was statistically different from one or more nearest-neighbor population. In addition, the native in-river collections of Chinook salmon and steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) were distinguishable from existing in-river hatchery stocks. In most species, Elwha populations contained similar levels of genetic diversity as observed in neighboring river systems. In O. mykiss, variability at an evolutionarily adaptive major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene paralleled the mSAT variation. Given the various levels of distinctiveness of Elwha populations, we discuss the use of these data as a genetic ruler to manage and monitor the genetic aspects of recolonization of the Elwha River, and the importance of tissue archives for new genetic techniques. C1 [Winans, Gary A.; Elz, Anna; Iwamoto, Eric] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McHenry, Michael L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. [Baker, Jon] Frank Orth & Associates, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. [Goodbla, Alisha] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Kuligowski, David; Van Doornik, Don] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Miller, Krist M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. [Small, Maureen P.] Washington Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Spruell, Paul] Univ Montana, Conservat Genet Lab, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Winans, GA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM gary.winans@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 128 EP 141 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700011 ER PT J AU Morley, SA Duda, JJ Coe, HJ Kloehn, KK McHenry, ML AF Morley, Sarah A. Duda, Jeffrey J. Coe, Holly J. Kloehn, Kristopher K. McHenry, Michael L. TI Benthic invertebrates and periphyton in the Elwha River basin: Current conditions and predicted response to dam removal SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLEN CANYON DAM; LOW-HEAD DAM; EXPERIMENTAL FLOODS; COLORADO RIVER; LONG-TERM; FOOD WEBS; STREAM; DOWNSTREAM; ECOSYSTEMS; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB The impending removal of two dams on the Elwha River in Washington State offers a unique opportunity to study ecosystem restoration at a watershed scale. We examine how periphyton and benthic invertebrate assemblages vary across regulated and unregulated sections of the Elwha River and across different habitat types, and establish baseline data for tracking future changes following dam removal. We collected multiple years of data on physical habitat, water chemistry, periphyton, and benthic invertebrates from 52 sites on the Elwha River and a reference section on the Quinault River, a neighboring basin. We found that substrate in regulated river sections was coarser and less heterogeneous in size than in unregulated sections, and summer water temperature and specific conductivity higher. Periphyton biomass was also consistently higher in regulated than unregulated sections. Benthic invertebrate assemblage structure at sites above both dams was distinct from sites between and below the dams, due in large part to dominance of mayfly taxa compared to higher relative abundance of midges and non-insect taxa at downstream sites. Following dam removal, we anticipate that both periphyton and benthic invertebrate abundance and diversity will temporarily decrease between and below dams as a result of sediment released from behind the reservoirs. Over the long-term, increased floodplain heterogeneity and recolonization by anadromous fish will alter benthic invertebrate and periphyton assemblages via increases in niche diversity and inputs of marine-derived nutrients. The extended timeline predicted for Elwha River recovery and the complexities of forecasting ecological response highlights the need for more long-term assessments of dam removal and river restoration practices. C1 [Morley, Sarah A.; Coe, Holly J.; Kloehn, Kristopher K.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McHenry, Michael L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. RP Morley, SA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 80 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 44 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 179 EP 196 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700015 ER PT J AU Acker, SA Beechie, TJ Shafroth, PB AF Acker, Steven A. Beechie, Timothy J. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Effects of a natural dam-break flood on geomorphology and vegetation on the Elwha River, Washington, USA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUEETS RIVER; FOREST DEVELOPMENT; OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; RIPARIAN; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; LOWLAND; VALLEY; TREES; WOOD AB Ephemeral dams caused by landslides have been observed around the world, yet little is known about the effects of their failure on landforms and vegetation. In 1967, a landslide-dam-break flood in a pristine reach of the Elwha River valley filled the former channel and diverted the river. The reach is a reference site for restoration following the planned removal of dams on the river. We identified five surfaces on the 25 ha debris fan deposited by the flood. Based on tree ages and historic air photos, three of the surfaces formed in 1967, while two formed later. The surfaces varied in substrate (silt and sand, to boulders), and height above the river channel. Tree mortality resulted from tree removal and burial by sediment, the latter leaving snags and some surviving trees. Tree species composition was generally consistent within each surface. Dominant species included red alder (Alnus rubra) and Sitka willow (Salix sitchensis), alone or in combination, a combination of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa), or a combination of alder and cottonwood. There were significant differences between surfaces in stem density, basal area, and rate of basal area growth. The large degree of heterogeneity in forest structure, composition, and productivity within a relatively small floodplain feature is in part due to spatial variability in the intensity of a single disturbance event, and in part due to the occurrence of subsequent, smaller events. To recreate natural diversity of riparian forests may require mimicking the variety of physical and biotic habitats that a single, complex disturbance event may create. C1 [Beechie, Timothy J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Acker, SA (reprint author), Olymp Natl Pk,600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM steve_acker@nps.gov NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 29 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 210 EP 223 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700017 ER PT J AU Kloehn, KK Beechie, TJ Morley, SA Coe, HJ Duda, JJ AF Kloehn, Kristofer K. Beechie, Timothy J. Morley, Sarah A. Coe, Holly J. Duda, Jeffrey J. TI Influence of dams on river-floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHANNEL PATTERN; DOWNSTREAM AB The Elwha dam removal project presents an ideal opportunity to study how historic reduction and subsequent restoration of sediment supply alter river-floodplain dynamics in a large, forested river floodplain. We used remote sensing and onsite data collection to establish a historical record of floodplain dynamics and a baseline of current conditions. Analysis was based on four river reaches, three from the Elwha River and the fourth from the East Fork of the Quinault River. We found that the percentage of floodplain surfaces between 25 and 75 years old decreased and the percentage of surfaces > 75 years increased in reaches below the Elwha dams. We also found that particle size decreased as downstream distance from dams increased. This trend was evident in both mainstem and side channels. Previous studies have found that removal of the two Elwha dams will initially release fine sediment stored in the reservoirs, then in subsequent decades gravel bed load supply will increase and gradually return to natural levels, aggrading river beds up to I m in some areas. We predict the release of fine sediments will initially create bi-modal grain size distributions in reaches downstream of the dams, and eventual recovery of natural sediment supply will significantly increase lateral channel migration and erosion of floodplain surfaces, gradually shifting floodplain age distributions towards younger age classes. C1 [Kloehn, Kristofer K.; Beechie, Timothy J.; Morley, Sarah A.; Coe, Holly J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kloehn, KK (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kloehnk@uvic.ca RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 36 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PY 2008 VL 82 SI SI BP 224 EP 235 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314EH UT WOS:000256791700018 ER PT J AU Tester, PA AF Tester, Patricia A. TI An open letter in tribute to Greta A. Fryxell SO NOVA HEDWIGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Tester, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5035 J9 NOVA HEDWIGIA JI Nova Hedwigia PY 2008 SU 133 BP XIX EP XIX PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 276TO UT WOS:000254166200003 ER PT J AU Doucette, GJ King, KL Thessen, AE Dortch, Q AF Doucette, Gregory J. King, Kristen L. Thessen, Anne E. Dortch, Quay TI The effect of salinity on domoic acid production by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries SO NOVA HEDWIGIA LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; salinity; Pseudo-nitzschia; harmful algae; diatom ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; TOXIN CONTENT; SEA LIONS; GROWTH; ALEXANDRIUM; CALIFORNIA; PHYSIOLOGY; MORTALITY; SHELLFISH AB Domoic acid (DA) is a potent algal neurotoxin produced primarily by members of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, most of which are considered cosmopolitan and can produce harmful blooms in estuarine and coastal waters. Many of these habitats are subject to extreme fluctuations in salinity and are extensively utilised as shellfish growing/harvesting areas. Knowledge of how salinity influences DA production is essential to evaluating and ultimately predicting the potential impact of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms on shellfish resources as well as various wildlife populations (e. g., marine mammals). Herein, we examine the effect of different salinities (10, 20, 30, 40 psu) on the growth and DA production rates of P multiseries. Specific growth rates remained maximal (ca. 0.9 d(-1)) and essentially unchanged at the three highest salinities tested, but decreased by about half at 10 psu (ca. 0.4 d(-1)). By comparison, total (particulate and dissolved) DA quotas (ca. 30 fmol DA cell(-1)) and toxin production rates (ca. 12 fmol DA cell(-1)day(-1)) were similar and maximal at 30 and 40 psu, yet both declined significantly (three-to seven-fold) once adapted to 10 and 20 psu. These results suggest that P multiseries is able to maintain a high growth rate at 20 psu, but at the expense of continuing to produce DA at elevated levels. Because DA production requires a supply of bioenergetic metabolites generated by photosynthesis, we propose that the additional energy needed to grow rapidly while maintaining an osmotic balance at a likely sub-optimal salinity of 20 psu reduces that available for toxin synthesis, leading to the observed decline in DA levels. Our findings suggest that DA levels should be greatest in higher salinity coastal waters versus estuaries, which is consistent with recent field observations along the Louisiana coast and may help to explain the lack of DA outbreaks in this and other low salinity estuarine-based shellfish harvesting areas. C1 [Doucette, Gregory J.; King, Kristen L.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Thessen, Anne E.; Dortch, Quay] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Thessen, Anne/J-6449-2012; Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 OI Thessen, Anne/0000-0002-2908-3327; NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5035 J9 NOVA HEDWIGIA JI Nova Hedwigia PY 2008 SU 133 BP 31 EP 46 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 276TO UT WOS:000254166200007 ER PT B AU Phelan, FR Bauer, BJ AF Phelan, Frederick R., Jr. Bauer, Barry J. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Separation Mechanisms for Nanoscale Spheres and Rods in Field-Flow Fractionation SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE Brownian Dynamics; Field-Flow Fractionation; Nanotubes; Separations; SWNT AB Separation mechanisms for spheres and rodlike particles in classical field-flow fractionation (FFF) are studied using a Brownian dynamics simulation. For spheres, simulation results for mean elution time are found to be in good agreement with experimental data and the steric inversion theory of Giddings [1]. Modeling of particle separation for rods is compared with spheres of equal diffusivity. The simulation shows that nanotube scale particles elute by a normal mode mechanism up to aspect ratios of about 500, based on a particle diameter of I run. At larger sizes, the rods also show a steric deviation from normal mode elution, but in the opposite sense as for spheres. The different behavior is attributable to the effect of particle shape. Extension of the steric mode theory for spheres to rods illustrates a potential steric mode separation that can be used to separate rods based on chirality. C1 [Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.; Bauer, Barry J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phelan, FR (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frederick.phelan@nist.gov; barry.bauer@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8503-7 PY 2008 BP 179 EP 182 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF46 UT WOS:000272169500048 ER PT B AU Read, DT Geiss, RH AF Read, D. T. Geiss, R. H. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Thermal Cycling of Buried Damascene Copper Interconnect Lines by Joule Heating SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE alternating current; fatigue; stress; temperature; voids ID BEHAVIOR; FILM AB We report tests to failure of 300-nm-wide damascene copper interconnect lines in silicon oxide dielectric, under high amplitude, low frequency alternating current. The cyclic minimum and maximum resistances were obtained from the measured voltage and current waveforms, and remained essentially constant over the lifetime tests. In the lines tested to failure under voltage control at the highest current levels, observed features of the remaining copper deposits seemed to indicate repeated melting over multiple cycles of current. The lifetimes, plotted against temperature, formed a nearly straight line on a semi-log plot, even though the failures, particularly those run under voltage control, became considerably less catastrophic for the longer lifetimes. Understanding the individual and combined effects of the temperature, current, and thermomechanical stresses will open up the possibilities for utilizing these electrical tests in systematic assessments of interconnect reliability and quality control. C1 [Read, D. T.; Geiss, R. H.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Read, DT (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM read@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8503-7 PY 2008 BP 218 EP 221 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF46 UT WOS:000272169500058 ER PT B AU Jahn, A Reiner, JE Vreeland, WN DeVoe, D Locascio, LE Gaitan, M AF Jahn, A. Reiner, J. E. Vreeland, W. N. DeVoe, D. Locascio, L. E. Gaitan, M. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Controlled Encapsulation of a Hydrophilic Drug Simulant in Nano-Liposomes Using Continuous Flow Microfluidics SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE liposomes; encapsulation; fluorescence spectroscopy; hydrodynamic focusing; microfluidics ID CANCER-THERAPY AB A new method to tailor the size and size distribution of nanometer scale liposomes and control loading of liposomes with a model drug in a continuous-flow microfluidic design is presented. Size and size dispersion are determined with tandem Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AF(4)) and Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS). Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) combined with Fluorescence Cumulant Analyis (FCA) allow for determining the number of encapsulated molecules [1]. Results show that this system allows for control of loading efficiency as well as minimization of encapsulant consumption. C1 [Jahn, A.; Reiner, J. E.; Gaitan, M.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, EEEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jahn, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, EEEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8503-7 PY 2008 BP 684 EP 687 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF46 UT WOS:000272169500179 ER PT B AU Nguyen, T Pellegrin, B Granier, A Chin, J AF Nguyen, T. Pellegrin, B. Granier, A. Chin, J. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Polyurethane Nanocomposites Containing NCO-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and NCO-Functionalized Nanoclays SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE nanocomposites; NCO; functionalization; polyurethane; nanotubes; nanoclays ID LAPONITE AB We have developed an effective method to covalently functionalize CNTs and nanoclays that carry free isocyanate (NCO) groups, which readily form covalent bonds with polymer matrices containing hydrogen-active groups. The functionalization employs a diisocyanate molecule in which the two end NCO groups have different reactivities. By controlling the reaction conditions, the more reactive NCO groups form covalent bonds with hydrogen-active species on the nanoparticles surface, while the less reactive NCO groups are available for reacting with the polymers. Mechanical properties and photodegradation under UV radiation of an acrylic polyurethane (PU) containing NCO-functionalized (f) (MWCNTs and nanoclays) have been evaluated. Tensile moduli of composites containing NCO-f nanopartciles are much higher than those without or with unfunctionalized nanomaterials. The incorporation of functionalzed or unfunctionalized MWCNTs at 1 % mass fraction appears to stabilize the degradation of PU under UV light, but clay nanoparticles even at 5 % mass fraction have no effect on the UV resistance of this polymer. The results show that NCO-f(MWCNTs and nanoclays) greatly enhance the stress transfer efficiency of acrylic polyurethanes. C1 [Nguyen, T.; Pellegrin, B.; Granier, A.; Chin, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tinh.nguyen@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8503-7 PY 2008 BP 848 EP 851 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF46 UT WOS:000272169500223 ER PT B AU Karim, A Berry, B Kim, S Bosse, A Douglas, JF Jones, RL Briber, RM Kim, HC AF Karim, A. Berry, B. Kim, S. Bosse, A. Douglas, J. F. Jones, R. L. Briber, R. M. Kim, H. C. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Guided Self-Assembly of Block-Copolymer Nanostructures SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 1, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE block-copolymer; thin-film; directed self-assembly; surface chemical control; scattering; zone annealing AB Block copolymers are an important class of soft-materials with significant potential for a variety of potential applications ranging from high-density data storage devices to nanowires and photonics. These potential applications rely on the ability to not only manipulate and control their structure at the nanoscale, but also to accurately measure the structure and morphology of the film in all dimensions. As is well known, diblock copolymer molecules are comprised of two dissimilar polymers covalently bonded at one end. Typically, the individual blocks are thermodynamically incompatible and the system will microphase separate upon heating. It is also desirable to control order, orientation and defects over large areas in most thin film applications of these materials.(1-5) This paper focuses on the dynamics of directed self-assembly of block copolymers in confining geometries such as thin films modulated by processing parameters such as applied fields which can be surface chemical or thermal gradient. We illustrate the surface chemical gradient approach below. The presentation will discuss some of the "tomographic' neutron scattering measurement methods being developed to investigate the structure and morphology of block copolymer thin films in 3-dimensions as a result of such gradient fields and simulation methods to capture aspects of kinetics and dynamics involved in the evolution of thin film structure. C1 [Karim, A.; Berry, B.; Kim, S.; Bosse, A.; Douglas, J. F.; Jones, R. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, MS8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karim@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8503-7 PY 2008 BP 875 EP 876 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF46 UT WOS:000272169500230 ER PT B AU Allocca, CM Campbell, TA AF Allocca, C. M. Campbell, T. A. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI A Needs-based Assessment of Measurements for Nanotechnology/Environmental Health and Safety SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 2, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS: LIFE SCIENCES, MEDICINE, AND BIO MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technolog Pte Ltd, Agilent Technol, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technol, Arkalon Chem Technolog, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matrix, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amer, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU-tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Munster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE measurement; environment; health; safety; assessment AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is engaged in a continuing needs-based assessment of the state of the United States Measurement System (USMS). The USMS assessment addresses innovation-limiting measurement needs in three ways: by allowing potential providers of solutions to specific measurement problems to be engaged and mobilized; by bringing the attention of stakeholders to systemic issues in the functioning of the U.S. measurement system as a whole; and by serving as a catalyst for the identification of other needs and issues of the USMS. An in-depth study of measurement issues in the area of Nanotechnology / Environmental Health and Safety has been undertaken. Preliminary results will be presented, and potential implications will be reviewed. Recommendations will be made to address the most critical of these needs, and future plans for the world of nanomaterials will be explored. C1 [Allocca, C. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Measurement Syst Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Campbell, T. A.] ADA Technol Inc, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. RP Allocca, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Measurement Syst Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM clare.allocca@nist.gov; tomc@adatech.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8504-4 PY 2008 BP 85 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine; Materials Science GA BMF49 UT WOS:000272169900023 ER PT S AU Mitchell, WF AF Mitchell, William F. BE Simos, TE Psihoyios, G Tsitouras, C TI Strategies for hp-adaptive Refinement SO NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics CY SEP 16-20, 2008 CL Psalidi, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ & Religious Affairs, European Soc Computat Methods Sci & Engn DE finite elements; hp-adapdvity; partial differential equations ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; P-VERSION; COMPUTATIONS AB In the hp-adaptive version of the finite element method for solving partial differential equations, the grid is adaptively refined in both h, the size of the elements, and p, the degree of the piecewise polynomial approximation over the element. The selection of which elements to refine is determined by a local a posteriori error indicator, and is well established. But the determination of whether the element should be refined by h or p is still open. In this paper, we describe several strategies that have been proposed for making this determination. A numerical example to illustrate the effectiveness of these strategies will be presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitchell, WF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0576-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1048 BP 23 EP 25 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BIH70 UT WOS:000259567000006 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Eschelbach, KA McFall, G Sullivan, J Bauer, L AF Kendall, Matthew S. Eschelbach, Katherine A. McFall, Gregory Sullivan, James Bauer, Laurie TI MPA design using sliding windows: Case study designating a research area SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; RESERVE; NETWORKS; ASSEMBLAGES; ALGORITHMS; STRATEGIES; DIVERSITY; HABITATS; MULTIPLE; FEATURES AB Coastal managers presently rely on a limited set of decision support tools for designing marine protected areas (MPAs) or subzones. A new approach, defining potential sizes and shapes of MPA boundaries early in the design process, is presented in a case study. A sliding window of the same dimensions as potential boundary configurations was regularly shifted throughout the study area and used to quantify variables representing preferred biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics. The technique offers advantages in spatially restricted areas, areas where habitat connectivity is critical, and situations wherein providing stakeholders with an up-front understanding of potential boundaries is required. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.; Bauer, Laurie] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA,Biogeog Team, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Eschelbach, Katherine A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [McFall, Gregory] NOAA, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA USA. [Sullivan, James] NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA,Biogeog Team, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4,N SCI 1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov; kate_eschelbach@fws.gov; greg.mcfall@noaa.gov; jim.sullivan@noaa.gov; laurie.bauer@noaa.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PY 2008 VL 51 IS 12 BP 815 EP 825 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.09.004 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 385NX UT WOS:000261822000006 ER PT J AU Jeon, Y Reid, C Squires, D AF Jeon, Yongil Reid, Christopher Squires, Dale TI Is there a global market for tuna? Policy implications for tropical tuna fisheries SO OCEAN DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LAW LA English DT Article DE global tuna markets; management of tuna fisheries; price linkages ID CENTRAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; WESTERN AB Regional ex-vessel markets for cannery-grade skipjack tuna throughout the globe are spatially integrated by price, but such markets for yellowfin tuna are spatially independent. The Americas exert primary price leadership in ex-vessel skipjack markets, but Bangkok and American Samoa also exert price leadership, and Ivory Coast, Japan, and Spain are largely price followers. Regional ex-vessel markets for skipjack and yellowfin are not integrated by prices. While price effects of this nature are simply evidence of a pecuniary externality, and thereby do not necessarily affect the overall size of global net benefits, in practice such price effects affect distribution among players - who wins and who loses - and in this manner, the eventual formation of, and compliance with, different management policies. C1 [Jeon, Yongil] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Econ, Chongro Ku, Seoul 110745, South Korea. [Reid, Christopher] Forum Fisheries Agcy, Honiara, Solomon Islands. [Squires, Dale] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Jeon, Y (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Econ, Chongro Ku, 53 3-Ka Myungryun-Dong, Seoul 110745, South Korea. EM yjeon@skku.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8320 EI 1521-0642 J9 OCEAN DEV INT LAW JI Ocean Dev. Int. Law PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 32 EP 50 DI 10.1080/00908320701641594 PG 19 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 261RE UT WOS:000253096900002 ER PT J AU Tolman, HL AF Tolman, Hendrik L. TI A mosaic approach to wind wave modeling SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Wind waves; Numerical methods; Mosaic grid approach ID COASTAL REGIONS; UNSTEADY; GRIDS AB A mosaic or multi-grid approach to wind wave modeling is presented. In this approach, a series of grids with different resolutions are treated as individual wave models, while simultaneously and continuously considering interactions between these grids. This converts a mosaic of grids into a single wave model. For overlapping grids with distinctly different resolutions, two-way nesting is introduced. For overlapping grids with similar resolution, a reconciliation method is introduced. These techniques are implemented in the WAVEWATCH III wind wave model and are tested for several idealized situations, and for a realistic wave hindcast for coastal Alaskan waters. The mosaic approach is shown to give consistent results across grid scales and provides an effective and economical way to locally increase the spatial resolution of wave models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA NCEP EMC Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tolman, HL (reprint author), NOAA NCEP EMC Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 209, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM hendrik.tolman@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.06.005 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 364FA UT WOS:000260320400003 ER PT J AU Powell, BS Arango, HC Moore, AM Di Lorenzo, E Milliff, RF Foley, D AF Powell, B. S. Arango, H. C. Moore, A. M. Di Lorenzo, E. Milliff, R. F. Foley, D. TI 4DVAR data assimilation in the Intra-Americas Sea with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) (vol 23, pg 130, 2008) SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Correction C1 [Powell, B. S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Arango, H. C.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Moore, A. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Di Lorenzo, E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Foley, D.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Manoa, HI USA. [Milliff, R. F.] Colorado Res Associates Div, NWRA, Boulder, CO USA. [Foley, D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Powell, BS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, SOEST, Manoa, HI USA. EM powellb@hawaii.edu RI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 172 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.08.001 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 370BD UT WOS:000260736800006 ER PT J AU Powell, BS Arango, HG Moore, AM Di Lorenzo, E Milliff, RF Foley, D AF Powell, B. S. Arango, H. G. Moore, A. M. Di Lorenzo, E. Milliff, R. F. Foley, D. TI 4DVAR data assimilation in the Intra-Americas Sea with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; 4DVAR; ROMS; Predictability; Intra-Americas Sea; Gulf of Mexico ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SURFACE WIND RETRIEVALS; LOOP CURRENT; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CARIBBEAN SEA; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; MAPPING CAPABILITIES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION AB We present the background, development, and preparation of a state-of-the-art 4D variational (4DVAR) data assimilation system in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) with an application in the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS). This initial application with a coarse model shows the efficacy of the 4DVAR methodology for use within complex ocean environments, and serves as preparation for deploying an operational, real-time assimilation system onboard the Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines ship Explorer of the Seas. Assimilating satellite sea surface height and temperature observations with in situ data from the ship in 14 day cycles over 2 years from January 2005 through March 2007, reduces the observation-model misfit by over 75%. Using measures of the Loop Current dynamics, we show that the assimilated solution is consistent with observed statistics. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Powell, B. S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Arango, H. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Moore, A. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Di Lorenzo, E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Milliff, R. F.] Colorado Res Associates Div, NWRA, Boulder, CO USA. [Foley, D.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Manoa, HI USA. [Foley, D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Powell, BS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, SOEST, Manoa, HI USA. EM powellb@hawaii.edu RI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU ONR [N00014-05-M-0081, N00014-01-1-0209, N00014-05-M-0275, N00014-05-1-0277, N00014-05-1-0365, N00014-06-1-0406]; NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Environmental Modeling Center (EMC)/NO-MADS development group; SEACOOS and NOAA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge that this research was supported by ONR Grants N00014-05-M-0081, N00014-01-1-0209, N00014-05-M-0275, N00014-05-1-0277, N00014-05-1-0365, and N00014-06-1-0406. We thank NCAR for use of the supercomputer facilities for the higher resolution experiment. Atmospheric forcing was provided by the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Environmental Modeling Center (EMC)/NO-MADS development group.; The authors are indebted for the help and support of Elizabeth Williams, Lisa Beal, Warner Baringer, Don Cucchiara, Chip Maxwell, and Otis Brown at the University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS). The Explorer of the Seas ADCP data set is produced by RSMAS with support from SEACOOS and NOAA. Data are processed and provided by Lisa Beal, Elizabeth Williams, and Warner Barringer.; We also thank the diligent work and suggestions of the anonymous reviewers who improved upon the original manuscript. NR 92 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.08.002 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 370BD UT WOS:000260736800007 ER PT J AU Zhao, RR Vallis, G AF Zhao, Rongrong Vallis, Geoffrey TI Parameterizing mesoscale eddies with residual and Eulerian schemes, and a comparison with eddy-permitting models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; GEOSTROPHIC EDDIES; MOMENTUM; FLUX; TRANSPORT; TRACER AB In this paper we explore and test certain parameterization schemes that aim to represent the effects of unresolved mesoscale eddies on the larger-scale flow. In particular, we examine a scheme based on the residual or transformed Eulerian mean formulation of the equations, in which the eddies are parameterized by a large vertical viscosity in the momentum equations, with no skew flux parameterization appearing in the tracer (e.g., temperature or salinity) evolution equations, although terms that parameterize diffusion along isopycnal surfaces remain. The residual scheme is compared both to a conventional parameterization that uses a skew diffusion (or equivalently advection by a skew velocity), and to eddy-permitting calculations. Although in principle almost equivalent to certain forms of skew flux schemes, the residual formulation is found to have certain practical advantages over the conventional scheme in some circumstances, and in particular near the upper boundary where conventional schemes are sensitive to the choice of tapering but the residual scheme is less so. The residual scheme also enables the horizontal viscosity - which is mainly applied to maintain model stability - to be reduced. Finally, the residual scheme is somewhat easier to implement, and the tracer transport is easier to interpret. On the other hand, the residual scheme gives, at least formally, a transformed velocity, not the Eulerian velocity and will not be appropriate in all circumstances. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Rongrong; Vallis, Geoffrey] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Vallis, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM rongrong.zhao@noaa.gov; gkv@princeton.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.02.005 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 326FF UT WOS:000257643100001 ER PT J AU Powell, BS Arango, HG Moore, AM Di Lorenzo, E Milliff, RF Foley, D AF Powell, B. S. Arango, H. G. Moore, A. M. Di Lorenzo, E. Milliff, R. F. Foley, D. TI 4DVAR data assimilation in the Intra-Americas Sea with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; 4DVAR; ROMS; predictability; Intra-Americas Sea; Gulf of Mexico ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SURFACE WIND RETRIEVALS; LOOP CURRENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; MAPPING CAPABILITIES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ALTIMETER MISSIONS; CARIBBEAN SEA AB We present the background, development, and preparation of a state-of-the-art 4D variational (4DVAR) data assimilation system in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) with an application in the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS). This initial application with a coarse model shows the efficacy of the 4DVAR methodology for use within complex ocean environments, and serves as preparation for deploying an operational, real-time assimilation system onboard the Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines ship Explorer of the Seas. Assimilating satellite sea surface height and temperature observations with in situ data from the ship in 14 day cycles over 2 years from January 2005 through March 2007, reduces the observation-model misfit by over 75%. Using measures of the Loop Current dynamics, we show that the assimilated solution is consistent with observed statistics. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Powell, B. S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Arango, H. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Moore, A. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Di Lorenzo, E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Milliff, R. F.] NWA, Colorado Res Associates Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Foley, D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Powell, BS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Oceanog, Manoa, HI USA. EM powellb@hawaii.edu FU ONR [N00014-05-M-0081, N00014-01-1-0209, N00014-05-M-0275, N00014-05-1-0277, N00014-05-1-0365, N00014-06-1-0406]; University of Miami; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS); SEACOOS; NOAA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge that this research was supported by ONR Grants N00014-05-M-0081, N00014-01-1-0209, N00014-05-M-0275, N00014-05-1-0277, N00014-05-1-0365, and N00014-06-1-0406. We thank NCAR for use of the supercomputer facilities for the higher resolution experiment. Atmospheric forcing was provided by the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Environmental Modeling Center (EMC)/NO-MADS development group.; The authors are indebted for the help and support of Elizabeth Williams, Lisa Beal, Warner Baringer, Don Cucchiara, Chip Maxwell, and Otis Brown at the University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS). The Explorer of the Seas ADCP data set is produced by RSMAS with support from SEACOOS and NOAA. Data are processed and provided by Lisa Beal, Elizabeth Williams, and Warner Barringer.; We also thank the diligent work and suggestions of the anonymous reviewers who improved upon the original manuscript. NR 92 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 130 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.04.008 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 339YI UT WOS:000258612800006 ER PT J AU White, L Deleersnijder, E Legat, V AF White, Laurent Deleersnijder, Eric Legat, Vincent TI A three-dimensional unstructured mesh finite element shallow-water model, with application to the flows around an island and in a wind-driven, elongated basin SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODEL; TURBULENCE CLOSURE SCHEME; FREE-SURFACE METHOD; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; COASTAL OCEAN; NUMERICAL-MODELS; PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS; TRACER CONSERVATION; TIDAL CIRCULATION; HYDRODYNAMICS AB We present a new three-dimensional, unstructured mesh finite element shallow-water model. The current configuration is suitable for studying unstratified flows and the evolution of passive tracers. The model has a free surface and is hydrostatic. The mesh is unstructured in the horizontal and extruded towards the seabed in the direction parallel to the local gravity vector to generate a mesh made up of prisms. The mesh moves in the vertical and accommodates the free-surface motions. We describe the numerical treatment of the hydrodynamical equations with the finite element method. A discontinuous representation is used in the vertical for all velocity components. The horizontal velocity components are non-conforming in the horizontal, which is particularly appropriate for advection-dominated flows. The model is validated against a realistic tidal flow around a shallow-water island for which field measurements are available and is shown to operate successfully. The three-dimensional character of the flow is emphasized by use of a passive tracer. We also assess the model's ability to represent the vertical structure of the horizontal flow field by applying it to a wind-driven flow experiment in an elongated rectangular basin. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [White, Laurent; Deleersnijder, Eric; Legat, Vincent] Catholic Univ Louvain, CESAME, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [White, Laurent; Deleersnijder, Eric] Catholic Univ Louvain, G Lemaitre Inst Astron & Geophys ASTR, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP White, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM laurentw@princeton.edu OI Deleersnijder, Eric/0000-0003-0346-9667 NR 97 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.01.001 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 303WL UT WOS:000256071500003 ER PT J AU Adcroft, A Hallberg, R Harrison, M AF Adcroft, Alistair Hallberg, Robert Harrison, Matthew TI A finite volume discretization of the pressure gradient force using analytic integration SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID COORDINATE OCEAN MODELS; TOPOGRAPHY; REPRESENTATION; CIRCULATION; CELLS AB Layered ocean models can exhibit spurious thermobaric instability if the compressibility of sea water is not treated accurately enough. We find that previous solutions to this problem are inadequate for simulations of a changing climate. We propose a new discretization of the pressure gradient acceleration using the finite volume method. In this method, the pressure gradient acceleration is exhibited as the difference of the integral "contact" pressure acting on the edges of a finite volume. This integral "contact" pressure can be calculated analytically by choosing a tractable equation of state. The result is a discretization that has zero truncation error for an isothermal and isohaline layer and does not exhibit the spurious thermobaric instability. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Adcroft, Alistair] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hallberg, Robert; Harrison, Matthew] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Adcroft, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Alistair.Adcroft@noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.02.001 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 319ZY UT WOS:000257204700003 ER PT J AU Capotondi, A AF Capotondi, Antonietta TI Can the mean structure of the tropical pycnocline affect ENSO period in coupled climate models? SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PACIFIC INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; EL-NINO; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL AB The dynamical link between mean state biases and dominant timescales of interannual variability is examined using the output from two state-of-the-art coupled model simulations, results from an ocean-only simulation forced with observed surface fields, and various observational data sets. The focus of this study is the relative role of the mean upper ocean density structure vs. anomalous wind forcing in controlling the spectral characteristics of tropical Pacific interannual variability. It is shown that an extensive South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) creates a potential vorticity (PV) barrier in the Southern Hemisphere similar to the one associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Northern Hemisphere in both climate models. The PV barrier in the Southern Hemisphere strongly constrains the mean equator-ward flow in the ocean model pycnocline, creating a '' choke point '' for the mean flow around 10 degrees S. It is then examined whether the PV barrier can also limit the anomalous flow associated with mass recharge/discharge to/from the equatorial thermocline at interannual timescales. If the anomalous flow were impeded by the mean PV structure the meridional extent of the area involved in the mass recharge/discharge process would be narrower, leading to a shorter adjustment (and ENSO) timescale. Comparison of the two climate models, both of which have similarly erroneous PV structures in the southern tropical Pacific, but different interannual timescales, shows that the meridional extent of the anomalous meridional transport is primarily controlled by the latitudinal location of the wind stress curl anomalies, while the mean state bias in the Southern Hemisphere does not seem to have any significant influence. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, NOAA ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO USA. RP Capotondi, A (reprint author), CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, NOAA ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO USA. EM Antonietta.Capotondi@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.08.003 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 263QK UT WOS:000253231400003 ER PT J AU Lavelle, JW Thacker, WC AF Lavelle, J. W. Thacker, W. C. TI A pretty good sponge: Dealing with open boundaries in limited-area ocean models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE perfectly matched layer; open boundary; absorbing layer; sponge layer; external forcing; flow relaxation; regional model ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; LINEARIZED EULER EQUATIONS; EQUATORIAL SOLITARY WAVES; SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; SIMULATION; FLOWS AB The problem of computing within a limited domain surrounded by open boundaries is discussed within the context of the shallow-water wave equations by comparing three different treatments, all of which surround the domain by absorbing zones intended to prevent reflections of outgoing waves. The first, which has attracted a lot of attention for use in electromagnetic and aeroacoustic applications, is intended to prevent all reflections. However, it has not yet been developed to handle the second important requirement of open boundaries, namely the ability to pass information about external conditions into the domain of interest. The other two treatments, which absorb differences from a specified external solution, allow information to pass through the open boundary in both directions. One, based on the flow relaxation scheme of [Martinsen, E.A., Engedahl, H., 1987. Implementation and testing of a lateral boundary scheme as an open-boundary condition in a barotropic ocean model. Coastal Eng. 11, 603-627] and termed here the "simple sponge," relaxes all fields toward their external counterparts. The other, a simplification and generalization of the perfectly matched layer, referred to here as the "pretty good sponge," avoids absorbing the component of momentum parallel to the open boundary. Comparisons for a case that is dominated by outgoing waves shows the pretty good sponge to perform essentially as well as the perfectly matched layer and better than the simple sponge. In comparisons for a geostrophically balanced eddy passing through open boundaries, the pretty good sponge out-performed the simple sponge when the only external information available was about the advecting flow, but when information about the nature of the eddy in the sponge zones was also available, the simple sponge performed better. For the case of an equatorial soliton passing through the boundary and no information provided about its nature outside the open domain, again the pretty good sponge performed better. Proving useful for situations governed by nonlinear equations forced by external conditions and being easy to implement, the pretty good sponge should be considered for use with existing limited-area ocean models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lavelle, J. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Thacker, W. C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lavelle, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM J.William.Lavelle@noaa.gov RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 270 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.10.002 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 260OL UT WOS:000253019500005 ER PT J AU Weller, RA Bradley, EF Edson, JB Fairall, CW Brooks, I Yelland, MJ Pascal, RW AF Weller, R. A. Bradley, E. F. Edson, J. B. Fairall, C. W. Brooks, I. Yelland, M. J. Pascal, R. W. TI Sensors for physical fluxes at the sea surface: energy, heat, water, salt SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL DISSIPATION TECHNIQUE; AIR-FLOW DISTORTION; PRECISION INFRARED RADIOMETERS; ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; WIND STRESS DETERMINATION; PART II; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; SONIC ANEMOMETER; TURBULENT FLUXES AB The current status of meteorological sensors used aboard ships and buoys to measure the air-sea fluxes of momentum. heat. and freshwater is reviewed. Methods of flux measurement by the bulk aerodynamic. inertial dissipation and eddy-correlation methods are considered: and areas are identified where improvements are needed in measurement of the basic variables. In some cases. what is required is the transition from emergent to operational technology, in others new technologies are needed. Uncertainties in measured winds caused by flow distortion over the ship are discussed; and the possible role of computational fluid mechanics models to obtain corrections is considered. Basic studies arc also needed on the influence of waves and rain on the fluxes. The issues involved in the specification of sea surface temperature are described. and the relative merits of the available sensors are discussed. The improved capability of buoy-mounted systems will depend on the emergence of low-power Instruments, and/or new means of increasing the available power capacity. Other issues covered include the continuing uncertainty about the performance of rain gauges and short-wave radiometers. Also, the requirements for new instruments to extend the range of observations to extreme wind conditions are outlined, and the latest developments in the measurement of aerosol fluxes by eddy-correlation are presented. C1 [Weller, R. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bradley, E. F.] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Edson, J. B.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Brooks, I.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Yelland, M. J.; Pascal, R. W.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Weller, RA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rweller@whoi.edu RI yelland, m/E-6343-2011; Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Bradley, Frank/I-6574-2013 OI yelland, m/0000-0002-0936-4957; Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; FU NOAA Climate Observation Program FX The authors thank their many colleagues in the endeavour of making improved observations of air-sea fluxes and Surface meteorology over the ocean for their contributions and, as a result. for their assistance with this paper. The comments of Tommy Dickey and the editor are greatly appreciated. The lead author acknowledges support of the NOAA Climate Observation Program. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 247 EP 263 DI 10.5194/os-4-247-2008 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 407RD UT WOS:000263381100002 ER PT J AU Feistel, R Wright, DG Miyagawa, K Harvey, AH Hruby, J Jackett, DR McDougall, TJ Wagner, W AF Feistel, R. Wright, D. G. Miyagawa, K. Harvey, A. H. Hruby, J. Jackett, D. R. McDougall, T. J. Wagner, W. TI Mutually consistent thermodynamic potentials for fluid water, ice and seawater: a new standard for oceanography SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article CT 15th International Conference on Properties of Water and Steam CY SEP, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY ID INTERNATIONAL TEMPERATURE SCALE; HIGH-PRESSURE; SUBZERO TEMPERATURE; TRIPLE POINT; SEA-ICE; DENSITY; ALGORITHMS; ENTHALPY; IH AB A new seawater standard for oceanographic and engineering applications has been developed that consists of three independent thermodynamic potential functions, derived from extensive distinct sets of very accurate experimental data. The results have been formulated as Releases of the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam. IAPWS (1996. 2006. 2008) and are expected to be adopted internationally by other organizations in subsequent ,cars. In order to successfully perform computations such as phase equilibria from combinations of these potential functions. mutual compatibility and consistency of these independent mathematical functions must be ensured. In this article, a brief review of their separate development and ranges of validity is given. We analyse back-round details on the conditions specified at their reference states, the triple point and the standard ocean state. to ensure the mutual consistency of the different formulations, and the necessity and possibility of numerically evaluating metastable states of liquid water. Computed from this Formulation in quadruple precision (128-bit floating point numbers), tables of numerical reference values are provided as anchor points for the consistent incorporation of additional potential functions in the future, and as unambiguous benchmarks to be used in the determination of numerical uncertainty estimates of double-precision implementations on different platforms that may be customized for special purposes. C1 [Feistel, R.] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. [Wright, D. G.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Harvey, A. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hruby, J.] ASCR, Inst Thermomech, Prague, Czech Republic. [Jackett, D. R.; McDougall, T. J.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Jackett, D. R.; McDougall, T. J.] Bur Meteorol, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Wagner, W.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Feistel, R (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. EM rainer.feistel@io-warnemuende.de RI Hruby, Jan/G-7916-2014 OI Hruby, Jan/0000-0002-9346-698X NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 275 EP 291 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 407RD UT WOS:000263381100004 ER PT S AU Elsdon, TS Wells, BK Campana, SE Gillanders, BM Jones, CM Limburg, KE Secor, DH Thorrold, SR Walther, BD AF Elsdon, Travis S. Wells, Brian K. Campana, Steven E. Gillanders, Bronwyn M. Jones, Cynthia M. Limburg, Karin E. Secor, David H. Thorrold, Simon R. Walther, Benjamin D. BE Gibson, RN Atkinson, RJA Gordon, JDM TI Otolith chemistry to describe movements and life-history parameters of fishes: Hypotheses, assumptions, limitations and inferences SO OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY: AN ANNUAL REVIEW, VOL 46 SE Oceanography and Marine Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LASER-ABLATION ICPMS; RIVER STRIPED BASS; CORAL-REEF FISH; SPOT LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; STRONTIUM-CALCIUM RATIOS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; PORT-JACKSON ESTUARY; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB In ever-increasing numbers, researchers wish to extract information based on chemical analyses from otoliths to determine movements and life-history patterns of fish. Such analyses make assumptions about chemical incorporation and interpretation that are beyond those that are important for stock discrimination studies, another common application. The authors aim to clarify the methods of determining fish movement based on natural and artificial otolith chemical tags and review current trends in determining movement using otolith chemistry, otolith sampling methods, and what influences otolith chemistry. Both spatial and temporal variability in water and otolith chemistries, which underpin the assumptions of several methods, are discussed. Five methods for determining movement and migration of fish are outlined: (1) estimates of movement and life-history traits of a single fish group, (2) assessing connectivity among groups using natural chemical tags in otoliths, (3) transgenerational marks to determine parentage and natal origins, (4) profile analysis to define life-history variation within a population and (5) profile analysis to describe movements through different environments. Within each of these methods, background information, specific hypotheses being tested and assumptions and limitations of each technique are provided. Finally, research directions required to fill current knowledge gaps and enhance the usefulness of otolith chemistry to determine fish movement are identified. C1 [Elsdon, Travis S.; Gillanders, Bronwyn M.] Univ Adelaide, So Seas Ecol Labs, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Wells, Brian K.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wells, Brian K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Campana, Steven E.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Populat Ecol Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Domin Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Limburg, Karin E.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Secor, David H.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Thorrold, Simon R.; Walther, Benjamin D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Elsdon, TS (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, So Seas Ecol Labs, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM travis.elsdon@adelaide.edu.au; Brian.Wells@noaa.gov; campanas@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca; bronwyn.gillanders@adelaide.edu.au; cjones@odu.edu; KLimburg@esf.edu; secor@cbl.umces.edu; sthorrold@whoi.edu; benjwalther@gmail.com RI Elsdon, Travis/B-8793-2008; Walther, Benjamin/A-7284-2009; Secor, D/D-4367-2012; Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012; Campana, Steven/C-3420-2013; Limburg, Karin/M-8380-2013; Gillanders, Bronwyn/B-4218-2013 OI Walther, Benjamin/0000-0002-2902-4001; Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827; Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517; Campana, Steven/0000-0001-8802-3976; Gillanders, Bronwyn/0000-0002-7680-2240 NR 149 TC 287 Z9 297 U1 12 U2 141 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0078-3218 BN 978-1-4200-6574-9 J9 OCEANOGR MAR BIOL JI Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. PY 2008 VL 46 BP 297 EP + DI 10.1201/9781420065756.ch7 D2 10.1201/9781420065756 PG 36 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BHV79 UT WOS:000256878700007 ER PT S AU Chu, DZ Stanton, TK AF Chu, Dezhang Stanton, Timothy K. GP IEEE TI Classification of non-Rayleigh echoes from patches of fish SO OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE KOBE TECHNO-OCEAN, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference OCEANS 2008 and MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean '08 CY APR 08-11, 2008 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, MTS Japan Sect, IEEE OES Japan Sect, Techno Ocean Network, Kobe Convent & Visitors Assoc, Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, AESTO, NEC Corp, Off Naval Res Global, Alec Elect Co Ltd, Hakodate Dock Co Ltd, Imabari Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Namura Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Oshima Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Sanoyas Hishino Meisho Corp, Sasebo Heavy Industries Co Ltd, Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co Ltd, Toyohashi Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Tsuneishi Holdings Corp AB Echoes from patches of fish fluctuate significantly from ping to ping as the sonar beam is swept across the patches. The fluctuations can be strongly non-Rayleigh because 1) there can be a small number of targets in the beam at a time, 2) the distribution of fish can be inhomogeneous, or "patchy", and 3) the echoes are weighted by the non-uniform response of the sonar beam. We have previously identified several distributions to describe the statistical behavior of non-Rayleigh echoes from fish-- the K-distribution for multiple patches of unresolved fish, a mix distribution composed of two Rayleigh distributions for the patches, and a distribution that explicitly accounts for the beampattern when the fish are resolved. We have demonstrated good agreement between these PDF's and corresponding sets of data. In this new study, we investigate classification approaches and how they best suit the problem specific to patches of fish. In particular, we apply standard classifiers to fish echo data using our theoretical PDF's. We compare the performance of the different classifiers and make recommendations as to which type of classifier might best be suited to the fish application. Our initial results show that a classifier using the Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance is better than a L-2 norm approach, as the KL approach emphasizes differences in the tail of the distribution. One key aspect to this problem is that parameters of the theoretical PDF's are physics-based. C1 [Chu, Dezhang; Stanton, Timothy K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chu, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2125-1 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Telecommunications GA BIA62 UT WOS:000257943100028 ER PT S AU Teng, CC Bernard, L LeBlanc, L Hansen, B Crout, R AF Teng, Chung-Chu Bernard, Landry LeBlanc, Lex Hansen, Bill Crout, Richard GP IEEE TI Test and evaluation of refreshed Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy system SO OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE KOBE TECHNO-OCEAN, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference OCEANS 2008 and MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean '08 CY APR 08-11, 2008 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, MTS Japan Sect, IEEE OES Japan Sect, Techno Ocean Network, Kobe Convent & Visitors Assoc, Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, AESTO, NEC Corp, Off Naval Res Global, Alec Elect Co Ltd, Hakodate Dock Co Ltd, Imabari Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Namura Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Oshima Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Sanoyas Hishino Meisho Corp, Sasebo Heavy Industries Co Ltd, Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co Ltd, Toyohashi Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Tsuneishi Holdings Corp AB NOAA's National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) operates the 55 Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy sites near the Pacific Equator arranged in a grid from latitude 8N to 8S and longitude 65E to 95W. Many of the existing TAO components are obsolete or no longer available, or supported by the manufacturers. So to ensure the future of TAO, NDBC designed and developed a refreshed TAO buoy system to ensure sustained and smooth operations of the TAO array To make sure that the refreshed TAO system can provide equal or better data quality from the refreshed TAO buoy system, various lab and field tests were conducted so far: (1) A lab test was conducted at NDBC by comparing the existing TAO and the refreshed TAO systems; (2) Two refreshed TAO buoys were deployed in the Gulf of Mexico for field testing; and (3) Two refreshed TAO buoys were deployed in the Pacific Ocean next to two existing TAO buoys for inter-comparison testing in the field. This paper describes these tests and presents some results. C1 [Teng, Chung-Chu; Bernard, Landry; LeBlanc, Lex; Hansen, Bill; Crout, Richard] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teng, CC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2125-1 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 760 EP 766 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Telecommunications GA BIA62 UT WOS:000257943100129 ER PT S AU Bernard, L Kern, K Zhou, J Teng, CC AF Bernard, Landry Kern, Kevin Zhou, Jing Teng, Chung-Chu GP IEEE TI Refreshed data system for Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy array SO OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE KOBE TECHNO-OCEAN, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference OCEANS 2008 and MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean '08 CY APR 08-11, 2008 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, MTS Japan Sect, IEEE OES Japan Sect, Techno Ocean Network, Kobe Convent & Visitors Assoc, Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, AESTO, NEC Corp, Off Naval Res Global, Alec Elect Co Ltd, Hakodate Dock Co Ltd, Imabari Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Namura Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Oshima Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Sanoyas Hishino Meisho Corp, Sasebo Heavy Industries Co Ltd, Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co Ltd, Toyohashi Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Tsuneishi Holdings Corp AB The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TAO/TRITON) moored buoy array is a central component of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Observing System to support research and forecasting of El Nino and La Nina. The present composition of TAO/TRITON consists of 55 TAO legacy ATLAS moorings developed by NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) and maintained by NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), 12 TRITON moorings maintained by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), and 5 subsurface Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) moorings (4 maintained by NDBC and 1 by JAMSTEC). C1 [Bernard, Landry; Kern, Kevin; Teng, Chung-Chu] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Zhou, Jing] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Bernard, L (reprint author), Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2125-1 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 767 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Telecommunications GA BIA62 UT WOS:000257943100130 ER PT S AU Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin GP MTS IEEE TI Low probability of detection underwater acoustic communications for mobile platforms SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Mobile underwater platforms, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), use underwater acoustic communications to form a network for command and control. Direct sequence spread spectrum signaling can be used for multi-access communications. It also provides high processing gain for communications using a low source level. Probability of detection by an intruder is minimized due to the decreased signal-to-noise ratio outside the operation area. A simple receiver algorithm is presented for DSSS communications between mobile platforms in the presence of multipaths. This paper analyzes the required source level for a given operating area and the corresponding counter detection range by a intruder. C1 [Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU US Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the US Office of Naval Research NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 186 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500029 ER PT S AU Mineart, GM Grano, V AF Mineart, Gary M. Grano, Vincent GP MTS IEEE TI The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System - Restructured Capabilities for Operational Ocean Remote Sensing SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The tri-agency Integrated Program Office (IPO) continues to manage the development, acquisition, and execution of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). As directed by its acquisition decision authority in 2006, the NPOESS Program restructured its acquisition baseline with an emphasis on reducing complexity and ensuring continuity of observations presently delivered by the two operational systems NPOESS will replace - the Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Ocean observations continue to comprise nearly one-fourth of the 38 user-validated data requirements levied on the system and are drivers of the design and implementation strategy for two principal sensors: the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Microwave Imager-Sounder (MIS). The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) will deliver a subset of these NPOESS ocean observations for demonstration and risk reduction after its planned launch in 2010. Recent performance assessments indicate that the restructured NPOESS will continue to deliver improved operational capabilities and satisfy the critical civil and national security needs for space-based ocean observations. C1 [Mineart, Gary M.] Noblis Inc, 306 Decorah Ave, Decorah, IA 52101 USA. [Grano, Vincent] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Integrated Program office, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Mineart, GM (reprint author), Noblis Inc, 306 Decorah Ave, Decorah, IA 52101 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 283 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500045 ER PT S AU Willis, ZS AF Willis, Zdenka S. GP MTS IEEE TI United States IOOS - Program Update SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is a user-driven, coordinated network of people, organizations, and technology that generate and disseminate continuous data about our coastal waters, Great Lakes, and oceans. IOOS is intended to be a major shift in approach to ocean observing, drawing together the vast network of disparate, federal and non-federal observing systems to produce a cohesive suite of data, information, and products at a sufficient geographic and temporal scale to support decision-making. As the system matures, IOOS is expected to advance beyond its current science and management applications toward an instrument of policy and governance. Current efforts only scratch the surface of what we need to know about our oceans and coasts to fully assess their impact on commerce and transportation, weather and climate, and ecosystems. The power of IOOS is in its partnerships. Seventeen United States federal agencies and eleven Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (RCOOSs) share responsibility for the design, implementation, operation, and improvement of the United States. IOOS over time. Two interdependent components constitute the United State IOOS: (1) global ocean component and (2) coastal component. The latter includes the national set of observations for the Great Lakes and the EEZ, as well as the network of RCOOSs. Federal agencies are responsible for the design, operation, and improvement of both the global component and the national network of observations. RCOOSs augment existing federal observing capacity around the nation and ensure strong customer focus and connection. Each RCOOS, which is comprised of a series of sub-regional observing systems, is designed and managed by a single Regional Association (RA). Within the United States, an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) will enable the United States to make more effective use of existing resources, new knowledge, and advances in technology. The rapid growth in the number of people living in immediate proximity to the ocean is placing increased demand on coastal ecosystems, threatening their integrity and capacity to provide goods and services such as storm mitigation. This demographic trend is also placing an increasingly large segment of our society at risk to natural hazards. Reducing risks from a broad range of threats associated with the oceans, including waterborne toxins, storm surge, coastal flooding, and unsafe marine transportation, depends on the ability to characterize and understand complex coastal-ocean phenomena, rapidly detect changes in the marine ecosystems and living resources, predict changes in our coastal-ocean environments, and adapt to these changes. NOAA continues to develop new approaches to ocean management to effectively address these challenges. Thousands of data collection and management systems from satellites orbiting above the Earth to sensors trolling along the bottom of the ocean are gathering data. Many of these systems collect, distribute, and archive the same data (temperature, salinity, etc.) but in different ways. This disparity results in data that cannot be combined or analyzed together, are not easily accessible, and may never be known to exist. Consequently, time and resources are wasted converting disparate data and potentially duplicating data collections. Data from existing observing systems would be much more useful and timely if it were linked and presented in an integrated, standardized way. The United States Integrated Ocean Observing System is our nation's contribution to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)?the ocean component of a worldwide effort to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). The US IOOS is a national endeavor, comprising a coastal (national) and global component. The national coastal component includes both federal and regional contributions to monitor and manage the Great Lakes and the entire U.S. ocean environment. C1 NOAA, IOOS Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Willis, ZS (reprint author), NOAA, IOOS Program, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500055 ER PT S AU Maxwell, D McArthur, S Hansen, W Bouchard, R Sears, I Higgs, J Webster, M AF Maxwell, Douglas McArthur, Shannon Hansen, William Bouchard, Richard Sears, Ian Higgs, Jack Webster, Mark GP MTS IEEE TI US Deep-Sea Tsunameter Network Fully Operational SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB In March 2008, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) completed the deployment of the last of the 39-station network of deep-sea tsunameters. This effort was an integral part of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. The Tsunami Program is part of a cooperative effort to save lives and protect property through hazard assessment, warning guidance, mitigation, research capabilities, and international coordination. NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) is responsible for the overall execution of the Tsunami Program. This includes operation of the U.S. Tsunami Warning Centers (TWC) as well as leadership of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. It also includes the acquisition, operations and maintenance of observation systems required in support of tsunami warning, such as NOAA's Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART (R)), local seismic networks, coastal, and coastal flooding detectors. NWS also supports observations and data management through the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). As part of NOAA's effort to strengthen tsunami warning capabilities, NDBC expanded the network from the original six stations to 39 stations and upgraded all stations from first-generation DART (R) I technology to second-generation DART (R) II technology. Consisting of bottom pressure recorder and a surface buoy, the tsunameters deliver sea-level data from the sea bottom to tsunami warning centers in less than three minutes. A significant capability of DART 11 is the two-way communications between the bottom pressure recorder and the Tsunami Warning Centers/NDBC using the Iridium Satellite LLC's commercial satellite communications system. The two-way communications allow the Tsunami Warning Centers to set stations in event mode in anticipation of possible tsunamis or retrieve the high-resolution (15-s intervals) data in one-hour blocks for detailed analysis. DART H systems transmit standard mode data, containing 24 estimated sea-level height observations at 15-minute intervals, once very six hours. The two-way communications allow for real-time troubleshooting and diagnostics of the systems. NDBC receives the data from the DART II systems, formats the data into messages and then delivers them to the National Weather Service Telecommunications Gateway (NWSTG) that then distributes the data in real-time to the Tsunami Warning Centers via NWS communications and nationally and internationally via the Global Telecommunications Systems. NDBC positioned the tsunameters between Hawaii and every seismic zone that could generate a tsunami that would impact the state and beyond, including the U.S. west coast. The effort in expanding the tsunameter network in the Pacific and to the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean required hundreds of thousands of kilometers of ship deployments. NDBC assumed operational responsibility for the tsunameter network in 2004 and the network became operational in 2005. In addition to the expansion, NDBC and its technical services contractor, SAIC, have Completed the transition of the DART H technology from research to operations Planned and executed 16 deployment missions needed to expand the array Assisted four international partners with deployment and operation of DART 11 systems Conducted DART 11 technology test procedures to facilitate and validate the commercial application of the DART H technology Developed and maintain a DART observation ingest and dissemination Maintained data availability in excess of the network goal of 80% Introduced innovations and efficiencies in the logistics and operations that reduced the costs of maintaining the array Increased the reliability of the network C1 [Maxwell, Douglas; McArthur, Shannon; Hansen, William; Bouchard, Richard; Sears, Ian; Higgs, Jack; Webster, Mark] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Maxwell, D (reprint author), Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Bldg 3205 Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Bouchard, Richard/A-5921-2009 OI Bouchard, Richard/0000-0002-4414-7499 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 427 EP 436 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500066 ER PT S AU Neumann, DE AF Neumann, Daniel E. GP MTS IEEE TI The Hydrographic Survey Meta Database SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB In 2005, the design and future considerations of this Hydrographic Survey Metadata Data Base (HSMDB) were presented at the Marine Technology Society Proceedings. This paper will provide an update. The HSMDB now offers a user interface to previously unavailable hydrographic survey data, data products and metadata conveniently and freely over the internet. The product descriptive report images alone have had over 90,000 hits over the last year. Moreover, over 1,500 archived HSMDB records have become the source of Coastal Services Center (CSC) Geospatial one-stop entries. The most exciting new product is the addition of new bottom sample information. This paper will illustrate how to access and use the new HSMDB user interface. Several examples of queried HSMDB displays called survey rap sheets will be shown. Survey products will also be outlined. Lastly, future considerations of HSMDB use in hydrographic survey accuracy and geospatial overlays will be discussed. C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Neumann, DE (reprint author), NOAA, 1315 East West Highway,Stn 6739, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Dan.Neumann@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 444 EP 449 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500068 ER PT S AU Mettlach, T Teng, CC Weir, R Larue, K AF Mettlach, Theodore Teng, Chung-Chu Weir, Robert LaRue, Kelly GP MTS IEEE TI Quality of Archived NDBC Data as Climate Records SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) traces its beginning to the formation of the National Data Buoy Development Program in 1967, which consolidated approximately 50 individual programs conducted by a variety of ocean-oriented agencies. Today, NDBC operates three major buoy networks. First, the traditional weather fleet consists of over 100 moored buoys covering the coastal waters of the United States, including the Great Lakes, Hawaii and Alaska. Second, the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's DART (R)) Program operates 39 stations that detect and instantly report anomalies in ocean pressure associated with potential tsunami-generating seismic activity. Third, the Tropical-Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array of climate monitoring platforms covers a wide swath of the equatorial Pacific. In this paper, we assess the traditional weather fleet as a resource for climate monitoring, and we do so in two ways. Both involve scrutinizing weather fleet records exceeding 20 years duration. We assess these according to the ten climate monitoring principles recommended by the U.S. National Research Council. We observe that NDBC has implicitly considered most, if not all, of these principles in the design, maintenance, improvement and expansion of the NDBC moored buoy fleet. Focusing on two stations in the Pacific Ocean, 46035 and 46042, we demonstrate NDBC's adherence to sound network management, careful archiving and description of metadata, steady development of comprehensive automated quality control procedures, giving users ease in data access, addressing issues of complementary data, historical significance and continuity of purpose. One area requiring strengthening remains a need for NDBC to build into its systems long-term climate requirements. Next, we propose a new method for reflecting climatic change over the oceans. The wave energy spectrum, which all NDBC weather buoys routinely report hourly, contain a significant amount of information regarding the origin, intensity and duration of ocean storms. Such measurements are produced from simple accelerometers coming from a mature, stable technology. We show that records of spectral energy density at low frequencies - for wave periods exceeding 20 seconds - suggest climate change signals. This is demonstrated with data collected from station 46042 in Monterey Bay, California. Both assessments clearly indicate that the NDBC network of weather monitoring buoys are a valuable national resource for climatologists, meteorologists and oceanographers interested in marine surface fluctuations on decadal and longer durations. We note areas where small improvements in calibration techniques will likely yield large gains in confident assessment of climate change. C1 [Mettlach, Theodore; Weir, Robert; LaRue, Kelly] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Data Buoy Ctr Tech Serv Contract, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Teng, Chung-Chu] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Mettlach, T (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Data Buoy Ctr Tech Serv Contract, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 482 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500073 ER PT S AU Street, T AF Street, Thomas GP MTS IEEE TI Climate Change, Offshore Wind Power, and the Coastal Zone Management Act SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE C1 US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Street, T (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1305 EW Highway,Room 6111, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500082 ER PT S AU Heitsenrether, RM Bushnell, MH Boon, JD AF Heitsenrether, Robert M. Bushnell, Mark H. Boon, John D. GP MTS IEEE TI Understanding the Impact of Surface Waves on Microwave Water Level Measurements SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products (CO-OPS) has been conducting a series of tests of several different types Microwave Water Level (MWWL) sensors in order to gain an understanding of sensor functions and performance capabilities and to assess the suitability for incorporation of these sensors into the NOAA National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON). On March 5-6,2008, one particular laboratory test of four different microwave sensors was conducted with the rotlowing objectives: 1) determine the impact of surface gravity waves on the accuracy of measured water level and 2) collect a data set that can be used to develop techniques for removing high frequency surface wave induced noise from long term microwave water level records. The two day test was conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Maneuvering and Sea Keeping Basin (MASK) in Carderock, Maryland. This facility includes a 110 in long, 73 in wide, 6.1 in deep indoor tank, with the capability to generate controlled, multi-directional surface waves. During the test, the four sensors measured water level in the tank from above, at four different sensor-to-water ranges, 3, 5, 7, and 9 meters. At each measurement height, 2 range of different surface wave conditions were generated in the tank, including regular controlled wavelength waves as well as irregular waves, simulating real ocean conditions. Results indicate that in some cases, continuously generated uniform wavelength waves caused offsets in measured water level for all sensors, and these offsets depend on the ratio between the width of the sensor footprint on the water surface and dominant wavelength of surface waves present. The impact of surface waves on measured water level varied across different sensors, due to different filtering and range tracking algorithms employed. Results will be used to gain a better understanding of sensors' processing capabilities and to ensure that each sensor's parameters are optimally configured for additional future field tests. A detailed overview of the setup and execution of this unique laboratory test will be presented along with analysis results summarizing the observed wave induced offsets. Recommendations on filtering methods for removing high frequency surface wave induced noise from long term MWWL measurements will also be discussed. C1 [Heitsenrether, Robert M.; Bushnell, Mark H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. [Boon, John D.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Heitsenrether, RM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 818 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500124 ER PT S AU Fiolek, A Collins, DW AF Fiolek, A. Collins, D. W. GP MTS IEEE TI Video Data Management System Archives and Provides Online Access to NOAA Deep-Sea Corals Digital Video and Image Data SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Since late 2002, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) has been collaborating with the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) and its three divisions, the NOAA Central Library (NCL), the Marine Data Stewardship Division (MDSD), and the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC) to address the requirements for archiving, preserving, managing, and providing online access to digital videos and still images from OER oceanographic expeditions. The Video Data Management System (VDMS), which was developed to facilitate managing online information and access to video and images obtained during NOAA-sponsored oceanographic expeditions, now enables access to hundreds of digital video clips, highlight movies, still images and related documents and products from OER expeditions. Using discovery tools available via NOAALINC, the NCL online catalog (http://www.lib.noaa.gov/), NOAA scientists and other researchers can discover and download online video and still images to deep sea coral ecosystems areas. Upon special arrangement, the NCL can provide equipment and an appropriate environment for users to view, copy and/or download requested off-line scientific video data or view original expedition tapes from the NOAA Library Archives. Additional online information includes related cruise reports, educational lesson plans, original video and image annotation documents, digital maps and Web sites, and links to other oceanographic observation data. During the development of the VDMS project plan, which is a part of a larger comprehensive OER Data Management Project, the VDMS team defined and established several 'best practices' to support OER video data management requirements. Metadata guidelines for digital video (DV12) and digital still images (DI12) help scientists and data managers in the field to create complete descriptive metadata about their image data. Scientists, librarians and archivists then use this information to create MARC21, FGDC, or Dublin Core metadata records. The VDMS team also developed a work-flow for managing digital video by defining the process for moving video data from ship to library to archive, including steps for creating archival backup copies and web-accessible video clips and highlights. The VDMS presently manages off-line access to more than 1500 MiniDV and 500 DVCAM tapes, over 1500 DVDs, and online access to more than 300 digital video clips and highlights collected during NOAA ocean exploration cruises. Over 80% of all digital video and image data are from OER expeditions to various deep-sea coral areas. A growing collection of the digital data, including in situ physical and chemical ocean observations are archived in NCL and NODC. In situ data are accessible through the search and retrieval functions of the NODC Ocean Archive System (OAS) at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/Archive/Search/. C1 [Fiolek, A.] NOAA, Cent Lib, SSMC3 2nd Floor 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Collins, D. W.] NOAA, Natl Oceang Data Ctr, SSMC3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fiolek, A (reprint author), NOAA, Cent Lib, SSMC3 2nd Floor 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fiolek, Anna/H-3658-2016 OI Fiolek, Anna/0000-0001-8481-3639 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 929 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500141 ER PT S AU Shellito, S Irish, J Vandemark, D Maenner, S Lawrence-Slavas, N Sabine, C AF Shellito, S. Irish, J. Vandemark, D. Maenner, S. Lawrence-Slavas, N. Sabine, C. GP MTS IEEE TI Time-Series Measurements of Atmospheric and Oceanic CO2 and O-2 in the Western Gulf of Maine SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB A collaboration has been established between the University of New Hampshire's (UNH) Joint Center for Ocean Observing Technology and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) to adapt and deploy an autonomous carbon dioxide measurement system on a moored platform in the coastal Western Gulf of Maine This buoy provides high-resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric and oceanic CO2 values and is useful for the estimation of air-sea CO2 fluxes and monitoring coastal zone biochemistry dynamics. In addition, with its close location to the coast, it allows study of terrestrial air mass effects on marine air-sea CO2 exchange. This paper provides details on the overall system including field validation of buoy observations. This validation includes data from a nearby UNH AIRMAP atmospheric observing station on Appledore Island and a monthly shipboard cruise transect made by the UNH Center for Coastal Ocean Observing. These assets permit evaluation of dissolved oxygen and both air and water CO2 levels. C1 [Shellito, S.; Irish, J.; Vandemark, D.] Univ New Hampshire, Joint Ctr Ocean Observing Technol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Maenner, S.; Lawrence-Slavas, N.; Sabine, C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Shellito, S (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Joint Ctr Ocean Observing Technol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. FU NOAA NOS [NA05NOS4731206] FX Project funding comes from NOAA NOS Grant NA05NOS4731206. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1010 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500156 ER PT S AU Tao, J Zheng, YHR Xiao, CS Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Tao, Jun Zheng, Yahong Rosa Xiao, Chengshan Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin GP MTS IEEE TI Time-Domain Receiver Design for MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE ID DECISION-FEEDBACK EQUALIZER; CHANNELS AB In this paper, we propose a time-domain receiver design scheme for high data rate single carrier multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic corn on cations. In this scheme, each received packet is artificially partitioned into blocks for processing. The MIMO channel is initially estimated using training blocks at the front of transmitted packets from all transducers. With the estimated MIMO channel, one data block following the training blocks is equalized. The phase rotation in the equalized data block is compensated by a group-wise phase correction operation, before symbol detection. The newly detected data block along with K - 1 previous data (or pilot) blocks are utilized to re-estimate the channel, which is employed to equalize the next new data block. The block-wise processing procedure is repeated until all blocks in the received packet are processed and demodulated. The proposed receiver scheme is tested with MakaiEx05 experimental data measured at Kauai, Hawaii, in September 2005. Processing results show that it works effectively with 2 x 8 BPSK, QPSK and 8PSK transmissions at the symbol period of 0.1 milliseconds. The average uncoded bit error rate (BER) is on the order of 8 X 10(-4) for BPSK, 3 x 10(-2) for QPSK, and 8 X 10(-2) for 8PSK transmission. C1 [Tao, Jun] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Zheng, Yahong Rosa; Xiao, Chengshan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tao, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0219]; National Science Foundation [CCF-0832833] FX The work of Y. R. Zheng and C. Xiao was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-07-1-0219 and the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-0832833. The work of T. C. Yang and W.-B. Yang was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1016 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500157 ER PT S AU Yapur, M Miller, E AF Yapur, Martin Miller, Eric GP MTS IEEE TI NOAA's Integrated Observations and Data Management and Strategic Portfolio Tools SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is developing tools to support the analysis and acquisition of architectures for integrated observations and data management strategic portfolios. One of these tools is the "CasaNOSA Analysis Tool" (CASRT), a desktop software tool that retrieves and matches observing requirements and capabilities, and uses a variety of algorithms to measure the degree of fit or performance between systems and requirements at the attribute level. This tool pulls data from the database of NOAA observing and data management requirements and capabilities that NESDIS' Office of Systems Development has compiled over the last five years. NOAA's operational and science-oriented programs have more than 800 mission-critical observing requirements. NOAA operates over 80 different land, sea, and space-based observing systems, and also obtains data from a wide range of public and private sector sources. NOAA's observing requirements and capabilities are defined in terms of key attributes such as geographic coverage, horizontal or vertical resolution, measurement accuracy, and re-visit frequency. The NOAA database of requirements and capabilities resides in an open source, web-based repository system and is managed through a suite of collaborative tools. Results from these CASRT gap analyses will be used for investment portfolio analysis, decision support, statistical analysis, and enterprise architecture modeling. C1 [Yapur, Martin; Miller, Eric] NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Yapur, M (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 1335 East West Highway,SSMC-1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1269 EP 1274 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501020 ER PT S AU de la Beaujardiere, J AF de la Beaujardiere, Jeff GP MTS IEEE TI The NOAA IOOS Data Integration Framework: Initial Implementation Report SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) program office has begun the implementation of a Data Integration Framework (DIF) to improve management and delivery of an initial subset of ocean observations. The DIF establishes a web service layer atop key NOAA data providers, including the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), the Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS), and CoastWatch. Standardized service types and encodings for in situ and gridded data have been selected; this standardization allows a single client to access data from multiple sources with the same code. The DIF services will provide integrated access to data from both NOAA and regional partners. The standards and protocols used are broadly applicable, though specific decision-support tools and models relevant to harmful algal blooms, integrated ecosystem assessments, hurricane intensity, and coastal inundation have been targeted as initial customer focus areas for the DIF. The data access services are expected to be active shortly before the Oceans 2008 conference. This paper discusses the service layer, the data encoding specifications used, and the status of the implementation effort. C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP de la Beaujardiere, J (reprint author), NOAA, 1100 Wayne Ave 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1391 EP 1398 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501036 ER PT S AU Crout, RL Boyd, J AF Crout, Richard L. Boyd, Janice GP MTS IEEE TI Preliminary Results of Comparisons between Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Oceanographic Refresh and Legacy Sensors SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB As part of the transition of the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) program, NOAA's National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) is testing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components to replace obsolescent sensors. The "refresh" of TAO will also include changing to a transmission system that allows hourly receipt or high-resolution data, and incorporating a new payload. Six refresh buoys will be deployed within 10 kilometers of existing TAO buoys. Meteorological and ocean sensors will be compared in order to verify that the refresh system replicates the data provided by the "legacy" TAO system. Two refresh buoys have already been deployed along the TAO 140 degrees W line at 9 degrees N and 2 degrees S.. An analysis of the first three months of oceanographic data from these two buoys is presented and discussed. The temperature sensors were compared in a laboratory setting and the results were very good. While the ocean temperatures from the refresh buoys are reported at ten minutes intervals every hour via the Iridium satellite constellation, the legacy buoys report ten minute data over Service ARGOS as the polar satellites pass the buoys. At the 2 degrees S,140 degrees W site, eight of the ten ocean temperature sensors reported data that is statistically equivalent to the legacy buoy temperatures. The other two refresh temperature sensors at 20 and 80 meter depths failed to report. Five of the ten ocean temperature sensors at the 9 degrees N, 140 degrees W site reported statistically equivalent data. Data from two of the legacy TAO sensors were failed by TAO analysts prior to deployment of the TAO program. Comparison of the other three temperature sensors yielded results that were not statistically equivalent. The region between 40 and 120 meters depth is characterized by a sharp temperature gradient. The environment may be responsible for the variability between the sensors in this region. Following recovery of the legacy and refresh buoys during fall 2008, the 10 minute data from the temperature sensors will be downloaded and NDBC and the NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory will perform an in-depth analysis. C1 [Crout, Richard L.] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, 1007 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Boyd, Janice] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, 1007 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1499 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501052 ER PT S AU Crout, RL Sears, IT Locke, LK AF Crout, Richard L. Sears, Ian T. Locke, Lea K. GP MTS IEEE TI The Great Coastal Gale of 2007 from Coastal Storms Program Buoy 46089 SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB During the first three days of December 2007, a series of powerful coastal storms and an associated wave approached the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia in rapid succession. The winter storms pummeled the states with a maximum 220 kilometers per hour gust along the coast and generated the first-ever hurricane warning in the Pacific Northwest by the National Weather Service. The Coastal Storms Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had the National Data Buoy Center deploy a three meter discuss buoy 150 kilometers west of Tillamook, OR to monitor just this type of storm. The buoy was moored in 2200 meters of water in 2005. Although two other buoys closer to the coast were torn from their moorings, the CSP Tillamook buoy remained on station and reported wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, air temperature, waves, and currents throughout the storms. Water temperature and a redundant wind sensor failed during 3 December. The redundant wind sensor failed as the winds approached 23 m/s. The buoy survived storm generated significant wave heights that exceeded 14 meters and remained on station and reporting until the buoy was recovered in February 2008. Upon recovery, it was discovered that the wind fin that orients the buoy into the wind was bent against the buoy structure, resulting in stress fractures in the metal at several locations. Waves and currents continued to be measured and transmitted during and after the storm. The data are presented in an effort to determine the impact of waves and buoy motion on current profile data. C1 [Crout, Richard L.; Sears, Ian T.; Locke, Lea K.] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, 1007 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1516 EP 1522 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501055 ER PT S AU Crout, RL AF Crout, Richard L. GP MTS IEEE TI Oil and Gas Platform Ocean Current Profile Data SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Approximately forty deep water oil production platforms and drilling rigs continue to provide real-time current profile data to NOAA's National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). NDBC receives and quality controls the data and transmits it over the Global Telecommunications System. NDBC stores the raw binary current profile data where it can be extracted by private concerns in order to forecast the Loop Current and Loop eddies for oil and transportation concerns in the Gulf of Mexico. After quality control, NDBC also stores the processed data. In addition to aiding the oil and gas industry to understand and design for the forces in the water column generated by strong currents in the Gulf of Mexico, the three years of ocean profile data show a number of oceanographic phenomena. The high currents of the Loop Current that extend to several hundred meters are present and generally impact several oil platforms as it moves into the northern Gulf of Mexico. Cyclonic loop eddies exhibit many of the same characteristics of the Loop Current, but move into the western Gulf of Mexico as currents diminish. Five day plots of the current profiles show the passage of eddies. Evidence of tidal currents modifying unidirectional currents are also present. Inertial currents generated by wind events are omnipresent and propagate throughout the water column in all regions of the Gulf. The current profiles from delayed-mode, bottom-mounted profilers show that inertial currents reach great depths. Statistical analyses of these data verify the existence of the currents. C1 NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, 1007 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1523 EP 1531 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501056 ER PT S AU Mahacek, P Berk, T Casanova, A Kitts, C Kirkwood, W Wheat, G AF Mahacek, Paul Berk, Todd Casanova, Andrew Kitts, Christopher Kirkwood, William Wheat, Geoff GP MTS IEEE TI Development and Initial Testing of a SWATH Boat for Shallow-water Bathymetry SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Students at Santa Clara University have developed a SWATH boat prototype capable of shallow water operation and configured for creating bathymetric maps through the use of a multi-beam sonar. The sonar works in concert with DVL and precision GPS sensors in order to log data that can be used to generate bathymetric maps through the use of the MB System software suite. The boat's physical structure includes pontoons, vertical supports, and a platform housing the vessel's power, sensor, control, and communication systems. Additional systems include a camera and video transmission system for remotely piloted operation, a suite of sensors and controllers for autonomous navigation, and equipment for ballasting the pontoons. An off-board control station aids in navigation computations, provides the pilot/supervisor interface, and links the system to the internet for real-time internet-based piloting and/or monitoring of the mission. An additional winch system has been developed for future operations involving the deployment of a sensor package to various depths. A number of successful test deployments have been completed to date, and operations during the summer of 2008 will include mapping of the Elkhorn Slough, portions of the southern end of San Francisco Bay, portions of Lake Tahoe, and shallow water coastal waters in the San Juan Islands. Ultimately, a more robust model of the boat is planned for deployment at NOAA's Kasitsna Bay Laboratory in Alaska. The system has been developed in partnership with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and NOAA's West Coast and Polar Regions Undersea Research Center. This paper will review the technical design of the system and will present the functional performance achieved to date. C1 [Mahacek, Paul; Berk, Todd; Casanova, Andrew; Kitts, Christopher] Santa Clara Univ, Robot Syst Lab, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Kirkwood, William] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Wheat, Geoff] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, West Coast & Polar Reg Res Ctr, NOAA, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Mahacek, P (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Robot Syst Lab, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. FU NOAA through a University of Alaska Fairbanks subcontract [NA96RU02211]; National Science Foundation [EIA0079815, EIA0082041]; Santa Clara University [TSC184]; Robotic Systems Laboratory; [NA03OAR4300104] FX Development of the SWATH vehicle has been supported in part by NOAA through a University of Alaska Fairbanks subcontract through Grant Numbers NA96RU02211. NA03OAR4300104. Development has also been supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers EIA0079815 and EIA0082041; any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Development has also been supported by Santa Clara University Grant Number TSC184 and the Robotic Systems Laboratory NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1616 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501069 ER PT S AU Mason, S Zhou, SL Yang, WB Gendron, P AF Mason, Sean Zhou, Shengli Yang, Wen-Bin Gendron, Paul GP MTS IEEE TI A Comparative Study of Differential and Noncoherent Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum over Underwater Acoustic Channels with Multiuser Interference SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Spread spectrum communication provides a robust solution for underwater acoustic communication over noisy or otherwise unfavorable channels while allowing multiple users to occupy the same bandwidth at the same time. In this study we compare two variants, differential and noncoherent, of direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) side-by-side on their performance over a range of channel conditions. Analysis of experimental data collected from the UNET06 experiment in St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, reveals a tradeoff in performance between these two methods when the interference level and data rates change. Through further simulations we develop a good picture of the range of channel conditions for which one method will outperform the other. These results depend largely on the channel coherence value and the interference level: specifically, the differential scheme is better suited to coherent channels with low interference levels while the noncoherent scheme achieves better performance in high-interference scenarios and as the channel coherence decreases. Further, we observe that the noncoherent scheme is more robust relative to the differential alternative when the rate increases from I bit to 2 bits per symbol transmission. C1 [Mason, Sean; Zhou, Shengli] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gendron, Paul] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mason, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU NSF [ECCS-0725562, CNS-0721834]; ONR YIP [N00014-07-1-0805]; Office of Naval Research (ONR); ONR FX S. Mason and S. Zhou are supported by the NSF grants ECCS-0725562, CNS-0721834, and the ONR YIP grant N00014-07-1-0805. W. Yang is supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR). P. Gendron is supported by ONR. This work was initiated when S. Mason was employed at Naval Research Lab, Washington DC, JuneAugust 2007 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1711 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501082 ER PT S AU Campbell, ML AF Campbell, Megan L. GP MTS IEEE TI United States Arctic Ocean Management & the Law of the Sea Convention SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB This paper will provide a brief overview of the international and domestic law and policy that provide the framework for the management of Arctic Ocean resources off the coast of Alaska by the United States. There will be a general discussion of the international legal framework set forth by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) as applied to the U.S. management in the Arctic Ocean, including the delicate balance of rights and interests in particular the right of navigation, research and exploration and the right of U.S. exercise of coastal State jurisdiction. To provide the proper international legal context for this discussion, the paper will first provide an overview of the work of the U.S. Baseline Committee which is the decision-making body in the U.S. Government that determines the Baseline from which the limits of all U.S. maritime zones are measured, including a discussion of the U.S. work on its project collecting data regarding the seaward limit of its continental shelf consistent with Article 76. It will also provide a brief overview of the depiction of the limits of the territorial sea, contiguous zone and Exclusive Economic Zone on the official nautical charts of the United States that are produced by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. The United States, Canada, Denmark, Norway and Russia are all interested in determining the limits of their respective continental shelves in the Arctic Ocean. Russia was the first to submit a claim defining its interests in 2001. While the United States has not ratified the Law of the Sea Convention, it is working on collecting the data required for determining the limit of its continental shelf under Article 76 of UNCLOS. The paper will briefly discuss this work including the cooperation between the United States and Canada in the survey and research of their respective continental shelves in the Arctic Ocean. Climate change is having dramatic effects; most notably there is a significant melting of Arctic sea ice in the summer months. This is resulting in new access to ships to explore and exploit resources of the Arctic Ocean and new routes of navigation that may provide more economical and efficient trade and commerce. There is a growing concern over these trends, and the U.S. anticipates an increase in human activity, shipping, and energy development, among other things. These new activities will undoubtedly have significant impacts on the Arctic environment. Increased activity may have other consequences as well. The U.S. is reviewing its Arctic policy and focusing on these changes and their implications for national and homeland security, the mapping of our continental shelf, energy exploration, environmental protection, and conservation of natural resources. This paper addresses how U.S. policies regarding management of its resources in the Arctic Ocean are in a manner consistent with customary international law as reflected in UNCLOS. Finally, cooperation among Arctic states in multilateral organizations will also be a key component of protection of the marine environment and the management of shipping in the Arctic. C1 NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Gen Counsel Int Law, Washington, DC 20235 USA. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Gen Counsel Int Law, 1401 Constitut Ave,NW Suite 7837, Washington, DC 20235 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1933 EP 1941 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501115 ER PT S AU Wilson, D AF Wilson, Doug GP MTS IEEE TI The Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System (CBIBS) is an innovative system to collect, transmit and interpret real-time environmental data from the Chesapeake Bay to a wide variety of constituents - including scientists, on-the-water users, educators, and natural resource decision-makers - and to fill critical observational gaps in the Chesapeake Bay. CBIBS is a component of the Chesapeake Bay Observing System (CBOS) and the US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), addressing IOOS goals in the Chesapeake Bay region. The CBIBS platforms provide critical real-time data on environmental conditions and water quality, and the supporting data management and delivery systems system deliver products and interpretive information of interest to the targeted user segments utilizing multiple media methods. Primary interfaces are though the web site WWW.BUOYBAY.ORG and via an extensive data and information voice application at 877-BUOYBAY. The System delivers high quality educational content based on real-time and archived data and expands the delivery of meaningful watershed educational experiences to promote environmental stewardship of Chesapeake Bay. The System is also an integral interpretive component of the National Park Service's Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail. CBIBS buoys are presently deployed at six locations on the Chesapeake Bay: Near the mouths of the Potomac, Patapsco, Rappahannock, and Susquehanna Rivers; and in the James and Elizabeth Rivers. CBIBS platforms are AXYS Watchkeeper buoys with standard sensors including meteorological (wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure); water quality (WETLabs WQM measuring temperature, conductivity, pressure, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and chlorophyll A); current profiles (Nortek Aquadopp Profilers); and waves (TRIAXYS wave sensors). Some platforms are also measuring nitrates (Satlantic ISUS) and GPS-derived water level. Real time data are reported at 10 minute to 1 hour intervals, depending on the parameter, via EVDO wireless Broadband static IF modems. The interpretive nature of the buoys, their use of multiple media (phone, web, mobile devices) to deliver data, and the educational curricula that are being built around them, are unique to this system. Support for operational oceanographic measurements from a broad and diverse user base is a critical asset to maintaining long term sustainability and funding for a system. C1 NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Wilson, D (reprint author), NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, 10 Severn Ave,Suite 107A, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1992 EP 1995 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501124 ER PT S AU Keener-Chavis, P AF Keener-Chavis, Paula GP MTS IEEE TI The NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer: Continuing to Unfold the President's Panel on Ocean Exploration Recommendations for Ocean Literacy SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE C1 NOAA, Ocean Explorat & Res Program, Educ Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Keener-Chavis, P (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Explorat & Res Program, Educ Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 2027 EP 2028 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501130 ER PT S AU Ahmad, F Rauch, S Hodor, M AF Ahmad, Fatima Rauch, Samuel Hodor, Mark GP MTS IEEE TI Oil and Gas Development in the Arctic Ocean - Understanding the Legal and Regulatory Framework SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE C1 [Ahmad, Fatima; Rauch, Samuel; Hodor, Mark] US Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ahmad, F (reprint author), US Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, 1315 EW Highway,SSMC-3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 2037 EP 2042 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501132 ER PT S AU Wilson, D Siegel, E AF Wilson, Doug Siegel, Eric GP MTS IEEE TI Evaluation of Current and Wave Measurements from a Coastal Buoy SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System (CBTBS) collects real-time measurements of currents and directional waves from a series of small buoys designed for coastal regions. The buoys use an AXYS Technologies TRIAXYS directional wave sensor and a downward looking 1 MHz Nortek Aquadopp Profiler for current profiles. In this experiment, a bottom mounted Nortek acoustic wave and current (AWAC) profiler was deployed next to one buoy in 7 in water for I month (April 2008) to collect reference current and wave data to evaluate the performance of the buoy wave gauge in the small, short waves common to the region, and to understand how buoy motion affects the fidelity of the current measurements. Over 75% of the total current velocity energy was well described by a regional tidal model. The buoy-mounted current profiler compared well with the bottom-mounted current profiler in both speed and direction at all depth cells. For all currents greater than 0.1 m/s, the mean of the absolute value of the difference in current magnitude was less than 0.01 m/s. The mean of the absolute value of difference in current direction was 5 degrees. An analysis of average intervals demonstrated that an average interval of 2 minutes achieved 96% of the best possible measurement compared to a 10 minute average. Significant wave height ranged from 0.1-0.7 m and peak periods varied from 2-4 s. The buoy mounted wave gauge reported wave period accurately, but may under-report significant wave height. Wave direction between the buoy and AWAC agreed well for all waves greater than about 0.25 m. C1 [Wilson, Doug] NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Siegel, Eric] Nortek USA, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Wilson, D (reprint author), NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 2060 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501137 ER PT S AU Balijepalli, A LeBrun, TW Gorman, JJ Gupta, SK AF Balijepalli, Arvind LeBrun, Thomas W. Gorman, Jason J. Gupta, Satyandra K. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Methods to Directly Measure the Trapping Potential in Optical Tweezers SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapped and Optical Micromanipulation V CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Optical tweezers; trapping potential measurement; force measurement; langevin dynamics; simulations ID FORCE; BEAM; CALIBRATION; MOLECULE; SPHERE AB Techniques to measure the trapping force in an optical tweezers without any prior assumptions about the trap shape have been developed. The response of a trapped micro or nanoparticle to a step input is measured and then used to calculate the trapping force experienced by the particle as a function of it's position in the trap. This method will provide new insight into the trapping behavior of nanoparticles, which are more weakly bound than microparticles and thereby explore larger regions of the trapping potential due to Brownian motion. Langevin dynamics simulations are presented to model the system and are used to demonstrate this technique. Preliminary experimental results are then presented to validate the simulations. Finally, the measured trapping forces, from simulations and laboratory experiments, are integrated to recover the trapping potential. C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; LeBrun, Thomas W.; Gorman, Jason J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balijepalli, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arvind@nist.gov; lebrun@nist.gov; gorman@nist.gov; skgupta@umd.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7258-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7038 AR 70380V DI 10.1117/12.796513 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIU00 UT WOS:000262711000015 ER PT S AU Lopez-Mariscal, C Helmerson, K AF Lopez-Mariscal, C. Helmerson, K. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Parallel Manipulation Using Evanescent Optical Landscapes SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapped and Optical Micromanipulation V CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID LIPOSOMES AB Optical trapping is a flexible and noninvasive technique that allows for the manipulation of single dielectric particles. Conventional single and multiple beam laser traps however, are limited by the amount; of trapping sites that can be embedded in their wave field with a sufficiently high intensity gradient. We make use the interference of multiple beams and total internal reflection to couple an extended evanescent optical field to a large number of particles in a 2-D periodical landscape. The particles are confined and manipulated by modifying the spatial parameters of the landscape. We ultimately intend to use this technique for the parallel fusion of multiple pairs of microscopic droplets to investigate the dynamics of micro-reactions. C1 [Lopez-Mariscal, C.; Helmerson, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Lopez-Mariscal, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM clopez@nist.gov RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7258-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7038 AR 70381M DI 10.1117/12.796356 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIU00 UT WOS:000262711000034 ER PT J AU Bonine, KM Bjorkstedt, EP Ewel, KC Palik, M AF Bonine, Kimberly M. Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Ewel, Katherine C. Palik, Moses TI Population characteristics of the mangrove crab Scylla serrata (Decapoda : Portunidae) in Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia: Effects of harvest and implications for management SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORSKAL DECAPODA; MUD CRAB; SOUTH-AFRICA; CRUSTACEA; MATURITY; AUSTRALIA; ABUNDANCE; ESTUARIES; MOVEMENT; ISLAND AB Apparent declines in abundance of mangrove crabs Scylla serrata, (Forsskal, 1755) in Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, have prompted concern regarding long-term persistence of this important cultural and economic resource. To support development of effective management strategies, we gathered basic biological information about mangrove crabs on this island, where S. serrata is the only mangrove crab species present. In particular, we were interested in understanding movement patterns and evaluating spatial variation in population structure. Many population characteristics, including estimated life span, ontogenetic shifts in habitat use, sex-specific allometric relationships, male-biased sex ratios, and evidence for limited (<2 km) alongshore movement, are similar to those reported elsewhere in the range of the species. Therefore, insights from S. serrata populations elsewhere might usefully inform management of the species on Kosrae. Moreover, information reported in this study, for which there is no ambiguity about species identification, has broader relevance. Spatial variation in size structure of the population appears to be driven by variable harvest pressure that reflects distribution of the human population and location of emerging commercial harvest operations. Effective management of mangrove crabs is therefore likely to benefit from application of size-based or sex-based restrictions on harvest and might usefully incorporate spatially explicit strategies, such as partial or complete reserves. Development and implementation of effective management will necessarily depend on cultural as well as scientific information. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Policy, Inst Int Studies, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Ecol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Bonine, KM (reprint author), Conservat Strategy Fund, 1160 G St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM kim@conservation-strategy.org NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[1:PCOTMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 233PH UT WOS:000251102300001 ER PT J AU Piniak, GA Brown, EK AF Piniak, Gregoiy A. Brown, Eric K. TI Growth and mortality of coral transplants (Pocillopora damicornis) along a range of sediment influence in Maui, Hawai'i SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRINGING-REEF FLAT; PARTICULATE MATTER; MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; SURVIVAL; MOLOKAI; RATES; RESUSPENSION; PATTERNS AB Fragments of the lace coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) were transplanted to four sites on the south-central coast of Maui, Hawai'i, to examine coral growth over a range of expected sediment influence. Corals remained in situ for 11 months and were recovered seasonally for growth measurements using the buoyant weight technique. Average sediment trap accumulation rates ranged from 11 to 490 mg cm(-2) day(-1) and were greater at the wave-exposed reef site than at the protected harbor sites. Coral growth was highest at the donor site and was higher in the summer than in the winter. A stepwise linear regression found significant effects of sediment trap accumulation and light on growth rates, but the partial correlation coefficients suggest that these factors may be only secondary controls on growth. This study did not show a clear link between coral growth and sediment load. This result may be due, in part, to co-variation of sediment load with wave exposure and the inability of trap accumulation rates to integrate all sediment effects (e.g., turbidity) that can affect coral growth. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Piniak, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM greg.piniak@noaa.gov; Eric_Brown@nps.gov NR 57 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 39 EP 55 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[39:GAMOCT]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 233PH UT WOS:000251102300003 ER PT S AU Intriligator, DS Sun, W Rees, A Horbury, T Webber, WR Deehr, C Detman, T Dryer, M Intriligator, J AF Intriligator, Devrie S. Sun, Wei Rees, Adam Horbury, Timothy Webber, William R. Deehr, Charles Detman, Thomas Dryer, Murray Intriligator, James BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI Three-dimensional simulations of shock propagation in the heliosphere and beyond SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE solar variability effects; solar wind plasma & fields; interplanetary magnetic fields; discontinuities; energetic particles; cosmic rays; turbulence ID COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; STREAM INTERFACES; SOLAR-WIND; ENERGETIC IONS; EVENTS; SUN AB Continuous input of solar data to time-dependent 3D models is necessary for the study of shock propagation in the solar wind. We have performed time-dependent 3D simulations using two different models, the full MHD based HHMS model and the kinematic HAF model, to study turbulence, particle acceleration and transport cosmic ray modulation, and other physically significant phenomena. The continuous solar inputs to these models include solar data from source surface maps, Wang-Sheeley-Arge parameters, and information on solar events such as coronal mass ejections, flares, etc. Model output options include the time series at any location of specific solar wind and magnetic field parameters, entropy, momentum flux, shock propagation, longitude and latitude distributions of parameters, meridian slices at any orientation for any parameter throughout the 3D heliosphere, flux ropes, interplanetary coronal mass ejections, corotating interaction regions, merged interaction regions, etc. Through comparisons with in-situ spacecraft data we are continuing our benchmarking of these models throughout the heliosphere and beyond. Comparisons of the results of these models with our analyses of planar magnetic structures associated with the October/November 2003 solar events provide additional insights into particle transport processes, shock propagation, and the modulation of cosmic rays. These efforts contribute to our understanding some of the physical mechanisms responsible for particle acceleration and transport. C1 [Intriligator, Devrie S.; Detman, Thomas; Dryer, Murray; Intriligator, James] Carmel Res Ctr, POB 1732, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Sun, Wei; Deehr, Charles] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rees, Adam; Horbury, Timothy] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Webber, William R.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88005 USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Intriligator, James] Bangor Univ, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Intriligator, DS (reprint author), Carmel Res Ctr, POB 1732, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. FU NASA; Carmel Research Center; Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) FX Our work was supported in part by a NASA grant with Carmel Research Center. The work by DSI and JI also was supported in part by Carmel Research Center. Heliophysics research at Imperial College London is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK). We appreciate the constructive comments of the reviewer. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 375 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300054 ER PT S AU Grossman, EN Dietlein, CR Bjarnason, JE Ramirez, M Leivo, M Penttila, JA Helisto, P Luukanen, A AF Grossman, E. N. Dietlein, C. R. Bjarnason, J. E. Ramirez, M. Leivo, M. Penttila, J. A. Helisto, P. Luukanen, A. BE Appleby, R Wikner, DA TI Imaging with modular linear arrays of cryogenic Nb microbolometers SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XI CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE microbolometer; terahertz; millimeter-wave; imaging AB We present ultrawideband imagery obtained with modular, 8-element, superconducting Nb microbolometer arrays. Conically scanned images are presented and compared with raster-scanned images obtained on the same arrays and from similar NbN arrays at VTT. Statistical data on detector non-uniformity, and methods for mitigating and compensating it are described. Low-noise readout is accomplished with room-temperature electronics using the transimpedance scheme of Pentilla et al. Characterization of spatial resolution, noise-equivalent temperature difference, and spectral response is done using metrology tools - standard targets, mm-wave blackbodies, and variable filters - that have been developed at NIST for this purpose. C1 [Grossman, E. N.; Dietlein, C. R.; Bjarnason, J. E.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7139-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6948 AR 694806 DI 10.1117/12.784645 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX74 UT WOS:000257283600004 ER PT S AU Scholtz, J Theofanos, M Consolvo, S AF Scholtz, Jean Theofanos, Mary Consolvo, Sunny BE Kourouthanassis, PE Giaglis, GM TI A FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVALUATION OF PERVASIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS SO PERVASIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS SE Advances in Management Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Evaluation; Measures; Methodologies; Metrics; Pervasive Computing ID COMPUTER; TECHNOLOGY; ACCEPTANCE; DESIGN; ISSUES; MODELS AB As pervasive information systems weave their way into society, it is critical that these new systems are accepted and utilized. However, it is difficult to determine what makes for a good design and a successful interaction because evaluation methodologies and metrics are in their infancy for these types of systems. The complexity and diversity of these systems has made it difficult to establish common evaluation techniques and practices. However, the necessity for such a framework is overwhelmingly apparent. A framework will make it easier for researchers to learn from each other's results, create effective discount evaluation techniques and design guidelines for pervasive computing, provide a mechanism for researchers to share what they have learned about the appropriateness of different evaluation techniques, and provide structure so that key areas of evaluation are not overlooked. In this chapter, we present a framework of areas of evaluation for pervasive information systems. The framework includes nine evaluation areas that include elements of usability, interaction, and values (such as privacy and trust). We present sample metrics and measures and examples for each area from the literature. We review a number of methodologies that have been used in evaluation and provide a case study of an evaluation using a number of the evaluation areas in the framework. We conclude with a discussion of future needs to enable researchers to share evaluation results. C1 [Scholtz, Jean; Theofanos, Mary] NIST, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Ind Usabil Reporting Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scholtz, Jean] Berkeleys Endeavor Project, Berkeley, CA USA. [Scholtz, Jean] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Scholtz, Jean] Portland State Univ, Fac Comp Sci, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Theofanos, Mary] Natl Canc Inst, Commun Technol Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Theofanos, Mary] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Scholtz, J (reprint author), NIST, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Ind Usabil Reporting Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1554-6152 BN 978-0-7656-1689-0 J9 ADV MANAG INFORM SYS PY 2008 VL 10 BP 210 EP 231 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BRQ88 UT WOS:000283438800012 ER PT J AU Mendelev, MI Kramer, MJ Becker, CA Asta, M AF Mendelev, M. I. Kramer, M. J. Becker, C. A. Asta, M. TI Analysis of semi-empirical interatomic potentials appropriate for simulation of crystalline and liquid Al and Cu SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE ab initio; diffraction methods; diffusion; interatomic potential; liquid metals; molecular dynamic simulations; solidification ID INTERFACIAL FREE-ENERGY; EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION-METALS; SOLIDIFICATION; NUCLEATION; ALUMINUM; SYSTEM; SEGREGATION AB We investigate the application of embedded atom method (EAM) interatomic potentials in the study of crystallization kinetics from deeply undercooled melts, focusing on the fcc metals Al and Cu. For this application, it is important that the EAM potential accurately reproduces melting properties and liquid structure, in addition to the crystalline properties most commonly fit in its development. To test the accuracy of previously published EAM potentials and to guide the development of new potential in this work, first-principles calculations have been performed and new experimental measurements of the Al and Cu liquid structure factors have been undertaken by X-ray diffraction. We demonstrate that the previously published EAM potentials predict a liquid structure that is too strongly ordered relative to measured diffraction data. We develop new EAM potentials for Al and Cu to improve the agreement with the first-principles and measured liquid diffraction data. Furthermore, we calculate liquid-phase diffusivities and find that this quantity correlates well with the liquid structure. Finally, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of crystal nucleation from the melt during quenching at constant cooling rate. We find that EAM potentials, which predict the same zero-temperature crystal properties but different liquid structures, can lead to quite different crystallization kinetics. More interestingly, we find that two potentials predicting very similar equilibrium solid and liquid properties can still produce very different crystallization kinetics under far-from-equilibrium conditions characteristic of the rapid quenching simulations employed here. C1 [Mendelev, M. I.; Kramer, M. J.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Becker, C. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Asta, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mendelev@ameslab.gov FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358, DE-FG02-06ER46282]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank J. R. Morris and G. J. Ackland for helpful discussions. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. The high-energy X-ray work at the MUCAT sector of the APS was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. MA and CB acknowledge funding from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-FG02-06ER46282. A portion of this work was completed by CB and MA while at Northwestern University. This work benefited from collaborations fostered through support by the DOE Computational Materials Science Network program. Certain commercial equipment, instruments or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 68 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 7 U2 55 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2008 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1723 EP 1750 DI 10.1080/14786430802206482 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 344MP UT WOS:000258932000001 ER PT S AU Fox, RW AF Fox, Richard W. BE Vallee, R Piche, M TI Fabry-Perot temperature dependence and surface-mounted optical cavities SO PHOTONICS NORTH 2008 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Application of Photonics Technology (Photonics North 2008) CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Quebec Photon Network, Inst Natl Opt, Canadian Photon Consort, Ontario Photon Ind Network, LaserFocusWorld, Photon Spectra, Dev Econ Innovat Exportat Quebec, Dev Econ Canada, Univ Laval, Ctr Opt Photon Laser, Ecole Polytech Montreal DE Fabry-Perot; resonator; hydroxy-catalysis bonding ID LASER AB Factors that contribute to the temperature dependence of a resonant frequency in a low-expansion optical cavity are discussed, including deformation at the cavity ends due to different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the spacer, optically-contacted mirror substrate and coating. A model of the temperature dependence is presented that incorporates finite-element-analysis of the cavity ends. A measurement of frequency versus temperature of a cavity mode is used along with the model to deduce a spacer's CTE versus temperature profile. The measured profile correlates very well with a separate experiment utilizing a temporary surface-mounted Fabry-Perot cavity fabricated on the outside of the spacer with hydroxy-catalysis bonding C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fox, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7328-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7099 AR 70991R DI 10.1117/12.806850 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BIO39 UT WOS:000261333300062 ER PT S AU Usikov, A Kovalenkov, O Soukhoveev, V Ivantsov, V Syrkin, A Dmitriev, V Nikiforov, AY Sundaresan, SG Jeliazkov, SJ Davydov, AV AF Usikov, A. Kovalenkov, O. Soukhoveev, V. Ivantsov, V. Syrkin, A. Dmitriev, V. Nikiforov, A. Yu. Sundaresan, S. G. Jeliazkov, S. J. Davydov, A. V. BE Palacios, T Jena, D TI Electrical and optical properties of thick highly doped p-type GaN layers grown by HVPE SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-7) CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Aixtron AG, Rohm & Hass Elect Mat LLC, Akzo Nobel High Pur Metalorgan, Cree Inc, IQE, Nitronex, RFMD, Seoul Semicond Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Kopin Corp, Mitsubishi Chem Corp, Nichia Corp, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp, Veeco Instruments, Air Prod & Chem, Osram Opto Semicond GmbH, SAFC Hitech AB In this paper we report 3-7 mu m thick p-GaN growth by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on sapphire substrates. Mg impurity was used for doping. As-grown GaN layers had p-type conductivity with concentration N-A-N-D up to 3x10(19) cm(-3). Mg atom concentration was varied from 10(17) to 10(20) cm(-3). Hydrogen concentration was about 10 times less than that for Mg, which may explain effective p-type doping for as-grown GaN layers. Micro-cathodoluminescence revealed a columnar-like structure of the GaN layers with a non-uniform distribution of material regions having dominant 362 nm or 430 nm luminescence. Use of these thick p-GaN layers to grow InGaN-based blue and green LEDs by the HVPE is demonstrated. C1 [Usikov, A.; Kovalenkov, O.; Soukhoveev, V.; Ivantsov, V.; Syrkin, A.; Dmitriev, V.] Technol & Devices Int Inc, 12214 Plum Orchard Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Nikiforov, A. Yu.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Sundaresan, S. G.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Jeliazkov, S. J.; Davydov, A. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Usikov, A (reprint author), Technol & Devices Int Inc, 12214 Plum Orchard Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM A.Usikov@tdii.com; VDmitriev@tdii.com RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 FU Department of Energy in a frame of Solid State Lighting program FX This work is partly supported by the Department of Energy in a frame of Solid State Lighting program. Authors thank N. Shmidt, D. Poloskin, and I. Kotousova for material characterization. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1829 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200778685 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHV31 UT WOS:000256695700106 ER PT J AU Papadimitriou, VC Talukdar, RK Portmann, RW Ravishankara, AR Burkholder, JB AF Papadimitriou, Vassileios C. Talukdar, Ranajit K. Portmann, R. W. Ravishankara, A. R. Burkholder, James B. TI CF3CF=CH2 and (Z)-CF3CF=CHF: temperature dependent OH rate coefficients and global warming potentials SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL; TRIFLUOROACETIC-ACID; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RATE CONSTANTS; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; RADICALS; KINETICS; CLIMATE AB Rate coefficients over the temperature range 206-380 K are reported for the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (CF3CF=CH2), k(1)(T), and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene ((Z)-CF3CF=CHF), k(2)(T), which are major components in proposed substitutes for HFC-134a (CF3CFH2) in mobile air-conditioning units. Rate coefficients were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH using pulsed-laser photolysis to produce OH and laser-induced fluorescence to detect it. Rate coefficients were found to be independent of pressure between 25 and 600 Torr (He, N-2). For CF3CF=CH2, the rate coefficients, within the measurement uncertainty, are given by the Arrhenius expression k(1)(T) = (1.26 +/- 0.11) x 10(-12) exp[(-35 +/- 10)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) where k(1)(296 K) = (1.12 +/- 0.09) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). For (Z)-CF3CF=CHF, the rate coefficients are given by the the rate coefficients are given by the non-Arrhenius expression k(2)(T) = (1.6 +/- 0.2) x 10(-18) T-2 exp[(655 +/- 50)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) where k(2)(296 K) = (1.29 +/- 0.06) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Over the temperature range most relevant to the atmosphere, 200-300 K, the Arrhenius expression k(2)(T) = (7.30 +/- 0.7) x 10(-13) exp[(165 +/- 20)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) reproduces the measured rate coefficients very well and can be used in atmospheric model calculations. The quoted uncertainties in the rate coefficients are 2 sigma (95% confidence interval) and include estimated systematic errors. The global warming potentials for CF3CF=CH2 and (Z)-CF3CF=CHF were calculated to be <4.4 and <3.6, respectively, for the 100 year time horizon using infrared absorption cross sections measured in this work, and atmospheric lifetimes of 12 and 10 days that are based solely on OH reactive loss. C1 [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Portmann, R. W.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Burkholder, James B.] Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; NR 33 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 808 EP 820 DI 10.1039/b714382f PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 257WW UT WOS:000252830600005 PM 18231683 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ Dong, F AF Nesbitt, David J. Dong, Feng TI Ab initio large-amplitude quantum-tunneling dynamics in vinyl radical: a vibrationally adiabatic approach SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; INFRARED-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; RATE-CONSTANT; GROUND-STATE; SPECTRUM AB Large- amplitude tunneling in vinyl radical over a C-2v planar transition state involves CCH bending excitation coupled to all other internal coordinates, resulting in a significant dependence of barrier height and shape on vibrational degrees of freedom at the zero- point level. An ab initio potential surface for vinyl radical has been calculated at the CCSD( T) level ( AVnZ; n = 2, 3, 4, 5) for vibrationally adiabatic 1D motion along the planar CCH bending tunneling coordinate, extrapolated to the complete basis set ( CBS) limit and corrected for anharmonic zero- point effects. The polyatomic reduced moment of inertia is calculated explicitly as a function of tunneling coordinate, with eigenvalues and tunneling splittings obtained from numerical solution of the resulting 1D Schro dinger equation. Linear scaling of the CBS potential to match predicted and observed tunneling splittings empirically yields an adiabatic barrier height of Delta E-adiab = 1696( 20) cm(-1) which, when corrected for zero- point energy contributions, translates into an e. effective barrier of Delta E-eff. = 1602( 20) cm(-1) consistent with estimates ( DE = 1580( 100) cm(-1)) by Tanaka and coworkers [ J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 120, 3604 - 3618]. These zero- point- corrected potential surfaces are used to predict tunneling dynamics in vibrationally excited states of vinyl radical, providing strong support for previous jet- cooled high- resolution infrared studies [ Dong et al., J. Phys. Chem. A, 2006, 110, 3059 - 3070] in the symmetric CH2 stretch mode. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 15 BP 2113 EP 2122 DI 10.1039/b800880a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 283KJ UT WOS:000254634800015 PM 18688365 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, A Navarro, AM Leal, JM AF Ben-Naim, A. Navarro, A. M. Leal, J. M. TI A Kirkwood-Buff analysis of local properties of solutions SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PREFERENTIAL SOLVATION; LIQUID-MIXTURES; WATER-ETHANOL; SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMICS; INTEGRALS; TEMPERATURES; 2-COMPONENT; METHANOL; ALCOHOL AB For decades, the properties of liquid mixtures have been analyzed in terms of excess thermodynamic functions. These functions convey global or macroscopic information on the system. In this work, a complementary view, based on the local properties of the same system is suggested. These properties are richer and more informative regarding the local densities, composition and solvation effect. A few examples ranging from Lennard-Jones particles, to inert gas mixtures, to aqueous solutions are presented, stressing the local information that cannot be obtained directly from global properties. C1 [Ben-Naim, A.; Navarro, A. M.; Leal, J. M.] Univ Burgos, Dept Quim, Burgos 09001, Spain. RP Ben-Naim, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Leal, Jose /K-6872-2014 OI Leal, Jose /0000-0001-9676-108X NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 18 BP 2451 EP 2460 DI 10.1039/b716116f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 295BE UT WOS:000255449200003 PM 18446245 ER PT J AU Sharp, EN Roberts, MA Nesbitt, DJ AF Sharp, Erin N. Roberts, Melanie A. Nesbitt, David J. TI Rotationally resolved infrared spectroscopy of a jet-cooled phenyl radical in the gas phase SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY REDISTRIBUTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; DEGREES K; KINETICS; ARGON; MOLECULES AB The first high-resolution IR spectra of a jet-cooled phenyl radical are reported, obtained via direct absorption laser spectroscopy in a slit-jet discharge supersonic expansion. The observed A-type band arises from fundamental excitation of the out-of-phase symmetric CH stretch mode (v(19)) of b(2) symmetry. Unambiguous spectral assignment of the rotational structure to the phenyl radical is facilitated by comparison with precision 2-line combination differences from Fourier transform microwave and direct absorption mm-wave measurements on the ground state [R. J. McMahon et al., Astrophys. J., 2003, 590, L61]. Least-squares fits to an asymmetric top Hamiltonian permit the upper-state rotational constants to be obtained. The corresponding gas-phase vibrational band origin at 3071.8904 (10) cm(-1) is in remarkably good agreement with previous matrix isolation studies [A. V. Friderichsen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 1977], and indicates only a relatively minor red shift (approximate to 0.9 cm(-1)) between the gas and Ar matrix phase environment. Such studies offer considerable promise for further high resolution IR study of other aromatic radical species of particular relevance to combustion phenomena and interstellar chemistry. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu OI Reber, Melanie/0000-0002-4991-3252 FU Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; National Research Council FX This work has been supported by grants from the Department of Energy, with initial funds for construction of the slit jet laser spectrometer provided by the National Science Foundation. ENS would like to acknowledge postdoctoral support from the National Research Council. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 44 BP 6592 EP 6596 DI 10.1039/b813256a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 370PT UT WOS:000260775400001 PM 18989469 ER PT J AU Huang, GX Hang, C Deng, L AF Huang, Guoxiang Hang, Chao Deng, L. TI Gain-assisted superluminal optical solitons at very low light intensity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION AB We show the possibility of generating gain-assisted superluminal optical solitons in a room-temperature three-state active Raman gain medium. We demonstrate both analytically and numerically that under appropriate conditions a signal field of very low intensity can evolve into a stable shape-preserving wave form that propagates with superluminal velocity. Shape recovery of superluminal solitons after collision is also demonstrated numerically. C1 [Huang, Guoxiang; Hang, Chao] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Huang, Guoxiang; Hang, Chao] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Deng, L.] NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, GX (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012 NR 12 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 011803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.011803 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 258IQ UT WOS:000252862000014 ER PT J AU Iskin, M Williams, CJ AF Iskin, M. Williams, C. J. TI Trap-imbalanced fermion mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL FIELD; GAS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SUPERFLUIDITY AB We analyze the ground-state phases of two-component (sigma equivalent to{up arrow,down arrow}) population- and mass-balanced (N(up arrow)=N(down arrow) and m(up arrow)=m(down arrow)) but trap-imbalanced (omega(up arrow)not equal omega(down arrow)) fermion mixtures as a function of interaction strength from the weak attraction Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to the strong attraction Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) limit. In the BCS limit, we find that the unpolarized superfluid (UPS) fermions exist away from the central core of the trapping potentials, and are surrounded by partially sigma-polarized normal (P sigma PN) fermions. As the interactions increase towards unitarity, we find that the central P sigma PN core first transitions to a UPS, and then expands towards the edges until the entire mixture becomes a UPS in the BEC limit. C1 [Iskin, M.; Williams, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iskin, M.; Williams, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iskin, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 013605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.013605 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 258IQ UT WOS:000252862000135 ER PT J AU Iskin, M de Melo, CARS AF Iskin, M. de Melo, C. A. R. Sa TI Fermi-Fermi mixtures in the strong-attraction limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GAS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUPERFLUIDITY; TEMPERATURE AB The phase diagrams of low density Fermi-Fermi mixtures with equal or unequal masses and equal or unequal populations are described at zero and finite temperatures in the strong attraction limit. In this limit, the Fermi-Fermi mixture can be described by a weakly interacting Bose-Fermi mixture, where the bosons correspond to Feshbach molecules and the fermions correspond to excess atoms. First, we discuss the three and four fermion scattering processes, and use the exact boson-fermion and boson-boson scattering lengths to generate the phase diagrams in terms of the underlying fermion-fermion scattering length. In three dimensions, in addition to the normal and uniform superfluid phases, we find two stable nonuniform states corresponding to (i) phase separation between pure unpaired (excess) and pure paired fermions (molecular bosons); and (ii) phase separation between pure excess fermions and a mixture of excess fermions and molecular bosons. Lastly, we also discuss the effects of the trapping potential in the density profiles of condensed and noncondensed molecular bosons, and excess fermions at zero and finite temperatures, and discuss possible implications of our findings to experiments involving mixtures of ultracold fermions. C1 [Iskin, M.; de Melo, C. A. R. Sa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Iskin, M.; de Melo, C. A. R. Sa] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iskin, M.; de Melo, C. A. R. Sa] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iskin, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 013625 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.013625 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 258IQ UT WOS:000252862000155 ER PT J AU Kitagawa, M Enomoto, K Kasa, K Takahashi, Y Ciurylo, R Naidon, P Julienne, PS AF Kitagawa, Masaaki Enomoto, Katsunari Kasa, Kentaro Takahashi, Yoshiro Ciurylo, Roman Naidon, Pascal Julienne, Paul S. TI Two-color photoassociation spectroscopy of ytterbium atoms and the precise determinations of s-wave scattering lengths SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; LONG-RANGE; STATE; APPROXIMATION; RB-85 AB By performing high-resolution two-color photoassociation spectroscopy, we have successfully determined the binding energies of several of the last bound states of the homonuclear dimers of six different isotopes of ytterbium. These spectroscopic data are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations based on a simple model potential, which very precisely predicts the s-wave scattering lengths of all 28 pairs of the seven stable isotopes. The s-wave scattering lengths for collision of two atoms of the same isotopic species are 13.33(18) nm for Yb-168, 3.38(11) nm for Yb-170, -0.15(19) nm for Yb-171, -31.7(3.4) nm for Yb-172, 10.55(11) nm for Yb-173, 5.55(8) nm for Yb-174, and -1.28(23) nm for Yb-176. The coefficient of the lead term of the long-range van der Waals potential of the Yb-2 molecule is C-6=1932(30) atomic units (E(h)a(0)(6)approximate to 9.573x10(-26) J nm(6)). C1 [Kitagawa, Masaaki; Enomoto, Katsunari; Kasa, Kentaro; Takahashi, Yoshiro] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Takahashi, Yoshiro] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Ciurylo, Roman] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Naidon, Pascal; Julienne, Paul S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kitagawa, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RI Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 36 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 012719 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.012719 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 258IQ UT WOS:000252862000107 ER PT J AU Knill, E Leibfried, D Reichle, R Britton, J Blakestad, RB Jost, JD Langer, C Ozeri, R Seidelin, S Wineland, DJ AF Knill, E. Leibfried, D. Reichle, R. Britton, J. Blakestad, R. B. Jost, J. D. Langer, C. Ozeri, R. Seidelin, S. Wineland, D. J. TI Randomized benchmarking of quantum gates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM; ENTANGLEMENT; TOMOGRAPHY; QUBITS AB A key requirement for scalable quantum computing is that elementary quantum gates can be implemented with sufficiently low error. One method for determining the error behavior of a gate implementation is to perform process tomography. However, standard process tomography is limited by errors in state preparation, measurement and one-qubit gates. It suffers from inefficient scaling with number of qubits and does not detect adverse error-compounding when gates are composed in long sequences. An additional problem is due to the fact that desirable error probabilities for scalable quantum computing are of the order of 0.0001 or lower. Experimentally proving such low errors is challenging. We describe a randomized benchmarking method that yields estimates of the computationally relevant errors without relying on accurate state preparation and measurement. Since it involves long sequences of randomly chosen gates, it also verifies that error behavior is stable when used in long computations. We implemented randomized benchmarking on trapped atomic ion qubits, establishing a one-qubit error probability per randomized pi/2 pulse of 0.00482(17) in a particular experiment. We expect this error probability to be readily improved with straightforward technical modifications. C1 [Knill, E.; Leibfried, D.; Reichle, R.; Britton, J.; Blakestad, R. B.; Jost, J. D.; Langer, C.; Ozeri, R.; Seidelin, S.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knill, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MC 891,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM knill@boulder.nist.gov RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 32 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 012307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.012307 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 258IQ UT WOS:000252862000039 ER PT J AU Simula, TP Nygaard, N Hu, SX Collins, LA Schneider, BI Molmer, K AF Simula, T. P. Nygaard, N. Hu, S. X. Collins, L. A. Schneider, B. I. Molmer, K. TI Angular momentum exchange between coherent light and matter fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB Full, three-dimensional time-dependent simulations are presented demonstrating the quantized transfer of angular momentum to a Bose-Einstein condensate from a laser carrying orbital angular momentum in a Laguerre-Gaussian mode. The process is described in terms of coherent Bragg scattering of atoms from a chiral optical lattice. The transfer efficiency and the angular momentum content of the output coupled vortex state are analyzed and compared with a recent experiment. C1 [Simula, T. P.; Nygaard, N.; Molmer, K.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lundbeck Fdn Theoret Ctr Quantum Syst Res, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Hu, S. X.; Collins, L. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schneider, B. I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Schneider, B. I.] NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simula, TP (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lundbeck Fdn Theoret Ctr Quantum Syst Res, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RI Hu, Suxing/A-1265-2007; Nygaard, Nicolai/B-4664-2009; Simula, Tapio/I-1460-2012 OI Hu, Suxing/0000-0003-2465-3818; Simula, Tapio/0000-0003-0730-9126 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 015401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.015401 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 258IQ UT WOS:000252862000204 ER PT J AU Davies, JE Hellwig, O Fullerton, EE Liu, K AF Davies, Joseph E. Hellwig, Olav Fullerton, Eric E. Liu, Kai TI Temperature-dependent magnetization reversal in (Co/Pt)/Ru multilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PINNED SYNTHETIC FERRIMAGNETS; PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY; DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; FILMS AB Antiferromagnetically coupled (Co/Pt)/Ru multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy have been shown to exhibit both vertically and laterally correlated magnetization reversal modes. In this work, the magnetization reversal of a multilayer film whose layer thicknesses have been tuned to be at the phase boundary between the two reversal modes has been investigated as a function of temperature, using the first-order reversal curve (FORC) method. At high temperatures, reversal via vertically correlated stripe domains throughout the film thickness is observed, similar to that in Co/Pt films without the Ru spacers. At low temperatures, antiferromagnetic (AF) interlayer exchange coupling dominates, and laterally correlated reversal is observed with an AF coupled remanent state. Under magnetic field cycling, dipolar fields can transform the sample back into a vertically correlated domain state, thus leading to an exotic behavior with FORC's existing outside the major hysteresis loop. Calculations show that the laterally correlated reversal mode is indeed slightly more stable, and the crossover to vertically correlated reversal can be induced by temperature as well as magnetic field. C1 [Davies, Joseph E.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Davies, Joseph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hellwig, Olav; Fullerton, Eric E.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. [Fullerton, Eric E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kailiu@ucdavis.edu RI Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 014421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.014421 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 258IS UT WOS:000252862200063 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Ratcliff, W Huang, Q Kim, TH Cheong, SW AF Lee, S. -H. Ratcliff, W., II Huang, Q. Kim, T. H. Cheong, S-W. TI Neel to spin-glass-like phase transition versus dilution in geometrically frustrated ZnCr(2-2x)Ga(2x)O(4) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE; LATTICE; LIQUID; ZNCR1.6GA0.4O4; POLARIZATION; EXCITATIONS; BEHAVIOR AB ZnCr(2)O(4) undergoes a first order spin-Peierls-like phase transition at 12.5 K from a cubic spin liquid phase to a tetragonal Neel state. [S.-H. Lee, C. Broholm, T. H. Kim, W. Ratcliff II, and S-W. Cheong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3718 (2000)]. Using powder diffraction and single crystal polarized neutron scattering, we determined the complex spin structure of the Neel phase. This phase consisted of several magnetic domains with different characteristic wave vectors. This indicates that the tetragonal phase of ZnCr(2-2x)Ga(2x)O(4) is very close to a critical point surrounded by many different Neel states. We have also studied, using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques, the effect of nonmagnetic dilution on magnetic correlations in ZnCr(2-2x)Ga(2x)O(4) (x=0.05 and 0.3). For x=0.05, the magnetic correlations do not change qualitatively from those in the pure material, except that the phase transition becomes second order. For x=0.3, the spin-spin correlations become short range. Interestingly, the spatial correlations of the frozen spins in the x=0.3 material are the same as those of the fluctuating moments in the pure and the weakly diluted materials. C1 [Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Ratcliff, W., II; Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neuron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, T. H.] EWHA Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Cheong, S-W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Cheong, S-W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 014405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.014405 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 258IS UT WOS:000252862200047 ER PT J AU Li, SL Yamani, Z Kang, HJ Segawa, K Ando, Y Yao, X Mook, HA Dai, PC AF Li, Shiliang Yamani, Zahra Kang, Hye Jung Segawa, Kouji Ando, Yoichi Yao, Xin Mook, H. A. Dai, Pengcheng TI Quantum spin excitations through the metal-to-insulator crossover in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+y) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; LA2-XSRXCUO4; DYNAMICS; STRIPES; PR0.88LACE0.12CUO4-DELTA; STATE AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to study the temperature dependence of the spin excitations of a detwinned superconducting YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.45) (T(c)=48 K). In contrast to earlier work on YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.5) (T(c)=58 K), where the prominent features in the magnetic spectra consist of a sharp collective magnetic excitation termed "resonance" and a large (h omega approximate to 15 meV) superconducting spin gap, we find that the spin excitations in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.45) are gapless and have a much broader resonance. Our detailed mapping of magnetic scattering along the a(*)/b(*)-axis directions at different energies reveals that spin excitations are unisotropic and consistent with the "hourglasslike" dispersion along the a(*)-axis direction near the resonance, but they are isotropic at lower energies. Since a fundamental change in the low-temperature normal state of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+y) when superconductivity is suppressed takes place at y similar to 0.5 with a metal-to-insulator crossover (MIC), where the ground state transforms from a metallic to an insulatinglike phase, our results suggest a clear connection between the large change in spin excitations and the MIC. The resonance therefore is a fundamental feature of metallic ground state superconductors and a consequence of high-T(c) superconductivity. C1 [Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yamani, Zahra] Chalk River Labs, Natl Res Council, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Kang, Hye Jung] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Segawa, Kouji] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Segawa, Kouji] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. [Ando, Yoichi] Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Yao, Xin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Mook, H. A.; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, SL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM slli@utk.edu; daip@ornl.gov RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; SEGAWA, Kouji/D-4204-2014; YAO, XIN/O-5678-2015 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; SEGAWA, Kouji/0000-0002-3633-4809; NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 014523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.014523 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 258IS UT WOS:000252862200106 ER PT J AU van Duijn, J Hur, N Taylor, JW Qiu, Y Huang, QZ Cheong, SW Broholm, C Perring, TG AF van Duijn, J. Hur, N. Taylor, J. W. Qiu, Y. Huang, Q. Z. Cheong, S. -W. Broholm, C. Perring, T. G. TI From cooperative paramagnetism to Neel order in Y(2)Ru(2)O(7): Neutron scattering measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE; TRANSITION; ANTIFERROMAGNET AB Spin correlations in the pyrochlore antiferromagnet Y(2)Ru(2)O(7) with Curie-Weiss temperature Theta(CW)*-1100 K and critical temperature T(N)=77 K were examined through neutron scattering. For T(N) 84% for both time-bin and polarization degrees of freedom for hyperentangled photons, all without subtracting accidental coincidences. C1 [Chen, Jun] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM junchen@nist.gov; jfan@nist.gov RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7312-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7092 AR 709209 DI 10.1117/12.794782 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BIQ87 UT WOS:000262082200004 ER PT S AU Ma, LJ Chang, T Mink, A Slattery, O Hershman, B Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Chang, Tiejun Mink, Alan Slattery, Oliver Hershman, Barry Tang, Xiao BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Detection-time-bin-shift Schemes for Polarization Encoding Quantum Key Distribution System SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging VI CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA DE quantum key distribution; detection time bin shift; optical fiber communication ID CRYPTOGRAPHY AB Detection-tit-ne-bin-shift (DTBS) is a scheme that projects the measurement bases or measured photon values into detection time-bins and then time division multiplexes a single photon detector in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system. This scheme can simplify the structure of a QKD system, reduce its cost and overcome the security problems caused by the dead-time introduced self-correlation and the unbalanced characteristics of detectors. In this paper, we present several DTBS schemes for QKD systems based on attenuated laser pulses and entangled photon sources. We study the security issues of these DTBS schemes, especially the time-bin-shift intercept-resend attack and its countermeasures. A fiber-based DTBS QKD system has been developed and its results are presented in this paper. C1 [Ma, Lijun; Chang, Tiejun; Mink, Alan; Slattery, Oliver; Hershman, Barry; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7312-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7092 AR 709206 DI 10.1117/12.793722 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BIQ87 UT WOS:000262082200003 ER PT S AU Pooser, RC Boyer, V Marino, AM Lett, PD AF Pooser, Raphael C. Boyer, Vincent Marino, Alberto M. Lett, Paul D. BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Squeezed Light and Entangled Images from Four-Wave-Mixing in Hot Rubidium Vapor SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging VI CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA DE Quantum Imaging; Entanglement; Quantum Optics; Nonlinear Optics ID CONTINUOUS VARIABLE SYSTEMS; STATE GENERATION; SODIUM VAPOR; CRITERION; CAVITY; PHASE; BEAMS AB Entangled multi-spatial-mode fields have interesting applications in quantum information, such is parallel quantum information protocols, quantum computing, and quantum imaging. We study the use of a nondegenerate four-wave mixing process in rubidium vapor at 795 nm to demonstrate generation of quantum-entangled images. Owing to the lack of an optical resonator cavity, the four-wave mixing scheme generates inherently, multi-spatial-mode output fields. We have verified the presence of entanglement, between the multi-mode beams by analyzing, the amplitude difference and the phase sum noise using a dual homodyne detection scheme, measuring more than 4 dB of squeezing in both cases. This paper will discuss the (quantum properties of amplifiers based on four-wave-mixing, along with the multi mode properties of such devices. C1 [Pooser, Raphael C.; Boyer, Vincent; Marino, Alberto M.; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pooser, RC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raphael.pooser@nist.gov; paul.lett@nist.gov OI Pooser, Raphael/0000-0002-2922-453X NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7312-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7092 AR 70920G-1 DI 10.1117/12.795474 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BIQ87 UT WOS:000262082200008 ER PT S AU Tang, X Ma, LJ Mink, A Chang, TJ Xu, H Slattery, O Nakassis, A Hershman, B Su, D Boisvert, RF AF Tang, Xiao Ma, Lijun Mink, Alan Chang, Tiejun Xu, Hai Slattery, Oliver Nakassis, Anastase Hershman, Barry Su, David Boisvert, Ronald F. BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI High-Speed Quantum Key Distribution Systems for Optical Fiber networks in campus and metro areas SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging VI CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA DE Quantum Key Distribution; Detection time bin shift; Single photon detector; optical fiber communication ID CRYPTOGRAPHY AB Complete high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) systems over fiber networks for campus and metro areas have been developed at NIST. The systems include an 850-nm QKD system for a campus network, a 1310-nm QKD system for metro networks, and a 3-user QKD network and network manager. In this paper we describe the key techniques used to implement these systems, including polarization recovery, noise reduction, frequency up-conversion detection based on PPLN waveguide, custom high-speed data handling and network management. A QKD-secured video surveillance system has been used to experimentally demonstrate these systems. C1 [Tang, Xiao; Ma, Lijun; Mink, Alan; Chang, Tiejun; Xu, Hai; Slattery, Oliver; Nakassis, Anastase; Hershman, Barry; Su, David; Boisvert, Ronald F.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, X (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov OI Boisvert, Ronald/0000-0002-4445-1044 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7312-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7092 AR 70920I DI 10.1117/12.793852 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BIQ87 UT WOS:000262082200010 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Schettini, V Degiovanni, IP Brida, G Migdall, A AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Schettini, V. Degiovanni, I. P. Brida, G. Migdall, Alan BE Sudharsanan, R Jelen, C TI Multiplexed photon-counting detectors SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV CY JAN 20-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE times photon counting; detector; down-conversion; correlated photons; statistical methods ID SINGLE-PHOTON; MU-M AB We discuss a scheme for a photon-counting detection system that overcomes the difficulties of photon-counting at extremely high rates. Our method uses an array of N detectors and a 1-by-N optical switch with a control circuit to direct input light to live detectors. Detector deadtime is significantly reduced by an active routing of single photons to the detector that has had the most time to recover from its last firing. In addition to deadtime reduction, our scheme reduces afterpulsing and background counts (such as dark counts). We present experimental results showing the advantageous performance of our system as compared to passive multi-detector detection systems. We conclude that intelligent active management of a group of N photon-counting detectors yields the highest photon counting rates, an important technological challenge for fast developing quantum metrology and quantum key distribution applications. Also, we report our experimental progress in developing an integrated device based on this scheme. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM spolv@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7075-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6900 AR 690019 DI 10.1117/12.768155 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHO27 UT WOS:000254740500025 ER PT J AU Overmyer, JP MacNeil, MA Fisk, AT AF Overmyer, Jay P. MacNeil, M. Aaron Fisk, Aaron T. TI Fractionation and metabolic turnover of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in black fly larvae SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB; DELTA-N-15 VALUES; STREAM; DELTA-C-13; MACROINVERTEBRATES; TEMPERATURE; ENRICHMENT; DIPTERA; TISSUES; ASSUMPTIONS AB Diet-tissue fractionation factors and metabolic turnover rates of delta N-15 and delta C-13 were assessed in laboratory-reared black fly (Simulium vittatum IS-7) larvae fed isotopically distinct diets. Five treatments consisted of using food with different delta N-15 signatures throughout the experiments (19-26 days), a sixth shifted from a low to high delta N-15 signature diet (uptake) on day 14, and the last shifted from a high to low delta N-15 signature diet (elimination) on day 14. In the larvae, diet-tissue fractionation factors for delta C-13, which were in steady state with food, ranged from -0.61 to 2.0, with a median of 1.87. The delta N-15 diet-tissue fractionation factors were mostly negative, ranging from +2.85 to -24.96 parts per thousand, with a single positive value from the elimination treatment in which larval delta N-15 did not achieve steady state with the food. Diet-tissue fractionation factors also had a significant negative relationship (r(2) = 0.98) with delta N-15 values in the food suggesting that nitrogen diet-tissue fractionation factors are N-15 concentration-dependent. The delta N-15 of shed head capsules and feces were enriched in N-15 and could be mechanisms for elimination of N-15 by the larvae. For delta N-15, metabolic turnover values based on the Hesslein model were highly consistent (0.40 to 0.43 delta N-15*day(-1)) between uptake and elimination phases and across experiments and were an order of magnitude greater than growth rates. The rapid turnover of nitrogen in black fly larvae, which was orders of magnitude greater than measured in vertebrates, makes them an excellent indicator of short-term changes in nitrogen inputs to aquatic systems. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Overmyer, Jay P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [MacNeil, M. Aaron] NOAA, Panama City Lab, Natl Res Council, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA. [Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Overmyer, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 413 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jayo@uga.edu RI MacNeil, M Aaron/F-4680-2010; MacNeil, M. Aaron/E-8196-2017 OI MacNeil, M. Aaron/0000-0001-8406-325X NR 43 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 694 EP 700 DI 10.1002/rcm.3413 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 276VV UT WOS:000254172700013 PM 18257111 ER PT S AU Heimbach, CR AF Heimbach, Craig R. BE Vehar, DW Gilliam, DM Adams, JM TI The neutron spectrum of NBS-1 SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY MAY 08-13, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP ASTM Int, European Working Grp Reactor Dosimetry, Atom Energy & Applicat, EWGRD DE calibration; neutron; NBS-1; spectrum; photoneutron AB A proposed set of photonuclear cross sections was used to calculate the neutron spectrum of a RaBe photoneutron source. The calculation used the gamma rays from Ra-226 in equilibrium as a driver, transported the gamma rays through the materials of the source, calculated neutron production, and subsequent neutron scattering. The calculation produced 27 % more neutrons than measured, and predicted relatively more low-energy neutrons. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heimbach, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3412-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2008 VL 1490 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BHY10 UT WOS:000257379800015 ER PT S AU Carlson, AD Badikov, SA Chen, Z Gai, EV Hale, GM Hambsch, FJ Hofmann, HM Kawano, T Larson, NM Oh, SY Pronyaev, VG Smith, DL Tagesen, S Vonach, H AF Carlson, A. D. Badikov, S. A. Chen, Z. Gai, E. V. Hale, G. M. Hambsch, F. -J Hofmann, H. M. Kawano, T. Larson, N. M. Oh, S. -Y Pronyaev, V. G. Smith, D. L. Tagesen, S. Vonach, H. BE Vehar, DW Gilliam, DM Adams, JM TI An international evaluation of the neutron cross section standards SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY MAY 08-13, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP ASTM Int, European Working Grp Reactor Dosimetry, Atom Energy & Applicat, EWGRD DE neutron cross section standards; fission standards; capture standards; R-matrix evaluation ID FISSION; U-235 AB Work is reported here on the process and present results of an international evaluation of the neutron cross section standards. The evaluations include the H(n,n), He-3(n,p), Li-6(n,t), B-10(n,alpha), B-10(n,alpha(1)gamma), Au-197(n,gamma), U-235(n,f), and U-238(n,f) standard reactions as well as the U-238(n,gamma) and Pu-239(n, f) reactions. This evaluation was performed to include new experiments on the standards that have been made since the ENDF/B-VI evaluation was completed and to improve the evaluation process. Evaluations have been completed for the Li-6(n,t), Au-197(n,gamma) and U-238(n,gamma) cross sections. Also below 20 MeV the H(n,n), U-235(n,f), U-238(n,f) and Pu-239(n,f) cross sections are completed. Many of the cross sections being evaluated are used in neutron dosimetry for fluence determination. The general trend observed for the evaluations is an increase in the cross sections for most of the reactions from fractions of a percent to several percent compared with the ENDF/B-VI results. C1 [Carlson, A. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3412-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2008 VL 1490 BP 196 EP 204 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BHY10 UT WOS:000257379800025 ER PT B AU Cizmar, P Vladar, AE Oral, M AF Cizmar, Petr Vladar, Andras E. Oral, Martin BE Mika, F TI COMPENSATION FOR DRIFT AND VIBRATIONS IN SEM SO RECENT TRENDS IN CHARGED PARTICLE OPTICS AND SURFACE PHYSICS INSTRUMENTATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Seminar on Recent Trends in Charged Particle Optics and Surface Physics Instrumentation CY JUL 14-18, 2008 CL Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Inst Sci Instruments AS CR C1 [Cizmar, Petr; Vladar, Andras E.; Oral, Martin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cizmar, P (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Oral, Martin/E-7392-2012 OI Oral, Martin/0000-0003-4597-9286 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACAD SCIENCES, CZECH REPUBLIC, INST SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS ASCR, V V I PI BRNO PA KRALOVOPOLSKA 147, BRNO, 612 64, CZECH REPUBLIC BN 978-80-254-0905-3 PY 2008 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BPD90 UT WOS:000278630900005 ER PT S AU Watston, JW AF Watston, John W. BE Nielsen, J Dodson, JJ Friedland, K Hamon, TR Musick, J Verspoor, E TI Reconciling fisheries with conservation through programs to develop improved fishing technologies SO RECONCILING FISHERIES WITH CONSERVATION, VOLS I AND II SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Fisheries Congress CY MAY 02-06, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB Significant progress has been made in many Fisheries throughout the world to promote conservation and allow continued utilization of marine resources through the development of improved fishing technologies. With most fisheries in the world either fully utilized or overfished, the mortality of bycatch associated with many traditional harvesting gears has become a significant problem in fisheries management. Fishing gear interaction with threatened and endangered species is also a major conservation and ecological issue. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries and research partners have been conducting gear research projects to address bycatch for several decades. Several programs have resulted in the successful development of improved fishing technologies that reduce the impact of bycatch mortality associated with traditional fishing gears while maintaining acceptable harvesting efficiency for directed species. Examples of these programs include the development of shrimp trawl design modifications that significantly reduce mortality of endangered sea turtles in penaied shrimp trawl Fisheries; the development of shrimp trawl design modifications to reduce the mortality of finfish bycatch in penaied and pandalid shrimp trawl fisheries, the development of fishing techniques to reduce seabird interactions with pelagic longline gear, the development of selective trawling gear to reduce bycatch in groundfish fisheries, and a program to develop longline gear modifications to reduce the bycatch of endangered sea turtles in pelagic longline fisheries. The success of these programs was highly dependent on the methods used in developing and conducting the programs. This paper presents methods used in programs that have resulted in the successful development and implementation of new fishing technologies to improve conservation of marine resources while allowing continuation of traditional fisheries. Experience in the development of gear research programs has resulted in the determination of factors that are critical to success. First and foremost, the affected industry needs to be active participants in every aspect of planning, development, and evaluation of new technologies. Planning for new technology development and implementation needs to include a major long term commitment for technology transfer and assistance. Voluntary acceptance of new technologies requires financial or other incentives and without incentives acceptance of new technologies is not likely to succeed. Any new technologies which result in increase costs and or loss of revenue will be resisted by users. If new technologies are made mandatory by regulation, an effective enforcement commitment is required to ensure success. Regulations implementing new technologies should be as flexible and easily modified as possible to allow users to successfully implement new gear by allowing adjustments to regulations as problems occur or improvements are developed. Most importantly successful development and acceptance of sustainable technologies requires effective communication and cooperation between users, researchers, and managers. C1 [Watston, John W.] NOAA Fisheries, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-80-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 49 BP 1335 EP 1335 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Fisheries; Law; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Government & Law; Public Administration GA BHM33 UT WOS:000254264800111 ER PT S AU Hewitt, RP Jones, CD Everson, I AF Hewitt, Roger P. Jones, Christopher D. Everson, Inigo BE Nielsen, J Dodson, JJ Friedland, K Hamon, TR Musick, J Verspoor, E TI Reconciling fisheries with conservation: Three examples from the Southern Ocean SO RECONCILING FISHERIES WITH CONSERVATION, VOLS I AND II SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Fisheries Congress CY MAY 02-06, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID SEA-ICE EXTENT; KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; ANTARCTIC KRILL; MACKEREL ICEFISH; SCOTIA SEA; PATAGONIAN TOOTHFISH; SHETLAND ISLANDS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; FUR SEALS; GEORGIA AB Preservation of ecosystem structure is the guiding principle by which the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) endeavors to manage the harvests of living resources of the Southern Ocean (with the notable exception of marine mammals). The experiences of CCAMLR with regard to Fisheries on Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, mackerel icefish Champhsocephalus gunnari and Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides are reviewed. The unifying paradigm employed by CCAMLR is the application of a precautionary approach, which explicitly incorporates uncertainty in the analysis of risk of exceeding defined management criteria. Each fishery, however, presents a unique set of circumstances and unresolved concerns. While the current fishery for krill is small compared to the precautionary limit established by CCAMLR, fishing effort concentrated near colonies of land-breeding krill predators may pose a threat in addition to those posed by the broader-scale influence of climatic cycles and trends on krill production. Management of the fishery on mackerel icefish relies on frequent surveys and short-term population projections because of high variability in natural mortality and is further complicated by the dual role of icefish as both consumers of krill and alternative prey to krill predators. While CCAMLR management of the fishery on toothfish is based on longer-term projections and has demonstrated success in addressing incidental mortality of seabirds, large-scale misreporting of catches, particularly in the Indian Ocean sector, threatens to compromise the viability of the fishery. These concerns are discussed in the context of CCAMLR's long-term goal of feed-back management schemes, whereby conservation measures are adjusted in response to ecosystem monitoring. C1 [Hewitt, Roger P.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-80-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 49 BP 1681 EP 1697 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Fisheries; Law; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Government & Law; Public Administration GA BHM33 UT WOS:000254264800139 ER PT S AU Hanssen, LM Prokhorov, AV AF Hanssen, Leonard M. Prokhorov, Alexander V. BE Gu, ZH Hanssen, LM TI A procedural model of reflection from random rough surfaces SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE rough surface; reflectance; Monte Carlo method; radiation transfer; ray tracing ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD AB The TETRA bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model was developed to simulate the reflection from random rough surfaces in optical radiation transfer modeling by the Monte Carlo method (MCM). This procedural model is based on geometrical optics, has as a prototype the two-dimensional model proposed by Torrance and Sparrow, and allows generating, for each ray, a random tetrahedral pit with walls that reflect according to Fresnel's law. An incident ray undergoes one or several reflections from the tetrahedron's walls, and then continues to participate in the radiation transfer on the macro-level. The properties of the TETRA BRDF are studied using numerical experiments. C1 [Hanssen, Leonard M.; Prokhorov, Alexander V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanssen, LM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hanssen@nist.gov; hanssen@nist.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7285-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7065 AR 70650W DI 10.1117/12.796142 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS51 UT WOS:000262438500022 ER PT S AU Tsai, BK Allen, DW Hanssen, LM Wilthan, B Zeng, J AF Tsai, Benjamin K. Allen, David W. Hanssen, Leonard M. Wilthan, Boris Zeng, Jinan BE Gu, ZH Hanssen, LM TI A Comparison of Optical Properties between High Density and Low Density Sintered PTFE SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE BRDF; diffuser; optical properties; PTFE; reflectance; low density sintered PTFE; transmittance; Teflon ID REFLECTANCE-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; SPECTRALON BRDF MEASUREMENTS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; CALIBRATION; ULTRAVIOLET; DIFFUSERS; TRANSMITTANCE; TARGETS AB Materials with similar chemical compositions often exhibit different optical properties due to their structural composition. PTFE is widely used in many applications for both its mechanical and optical properties. Low density sintered PTFE has optical properties that make it desirable for use as a white diffuser in applications such as remote sensing. The contrast between the commonly available high density material and the low density material may be useful for those interested in optical modeling of scattered light. Additionally, some applications may find high density PTFE Suitable for some optical applications. This paper describes measurements of BRDF, 8 degrees/hemispherical reflectance, and directional hemispherical transmittance for both high density (HD) and low density (LD) sintered PTFE. C1 [Tsai, Benjamin K.; Allen, David W.; Hanssen, Leonard M.; Wilthan, Boris; Zeng, Jinan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsai, BK (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7285-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7065 AR 70650Y DI 10.1117/12.798138 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS51 UT WOS:000262438500024 ER PT S AU Zeng, J Hanssen, L AF Zeng, Jinan Hanssen, Leonard BE Gu, ZH Hanssen, LM TI An infrared laser-based reflectometer for low reflectance measurements of samples and cavity structures SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces CY AUG 11-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Complete Hemispherical Infrared Laser-based Reflectometer; gold-coated integrating sphere; low reflectance measurement; indirect emissivity; OPO tunable laser; stabilized CO(2) laser; blackbody cavity; radiometer cavity ID UNIFORM SOURCE FACILITY; 0.2 MU-M; IRRADIANCE DETECTORS; CALIBRATION; RADIANCE AB An instrument, the Complete Hemispherical Infrared Laser-based Reflectometer (CHILR), has been designed and built for the accurate characterization of the total reflectance of highly absorbing samples and cavity structures down to the level of 10(-5). The design of CHILR employs a number of the same features of Total Integrated Scatter (TIS) measurement devices, but is used for total reflectance (both specular and diffuse components), rather than only the diffuse component. A number of features of CHILR include spatial uniformity and angular dependence of reflectance measurement capability, multiple wavelength laser sources, and the ability to measure a wide range of sample sizes and cavities with aperture sizes, ranging from 3 mm to 51 mm. We address several basic issues of alignment, background and externally scattered light, reference measurement, and laser drift, for the CHILR. We also present results of several examples, including cavities for blackbody sources, and radiometer cavities. C1 [Zeng, Jinan; Hanssen, Leonard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zeng, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jzeng@nist.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7285-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7065 AR 70650F DI 10.1117/12.796186 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS51 UT WOS:000262438500009 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Datla, RU Johnson, BC Lykke, KR Rice, JP AF Fraser, G. T. Brown, S. W. Datla, R. U. Johnson, B. C. Lykke, K. R. Rice, J. P. BE Gao, W Wang, H TI Measurement science for climate remote sensing SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability CY AUG 13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, USDA UV-B Monitor & Res Program & Ctr Remote Sensing & Modeling Agr Sustainabil, Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Eco Lab, Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Water Resources Dept China, Minist Educ E China Normal Univ, Key Lab Geo Informat Sci, Int Ctr Desert Aff - Res Sustainable Dev Arid & Semi Arid Lands DE climate change; measurement science; metrology; remote sensing ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; NIST AB The NIST role in supporting our Nation's climate research is described. The assembly of climate data records over decadal time scales requires assimilating readings from a large number of optical sensors deployed in space and on the Earth by various nations. NIST, in partnership with NASA and NOAA, develops and disseminates the calibration tools and standards to ensure that the measurements from these sensors are accurate, comparable, and tied to international standards based on the SI system of units. This effort helps to provide confidence that the small decadal changes in environmental variables attributed to climate change are not an artifact of the measurement system. Additionally, it ensures that the measurements are physics based and thus comparable to climate models. C1 [Fraser, G. T.; Brown, S. W.; Datla, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.; Lykke, K. R.; Rice, J. P.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7303-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7083 BP XIII EP XXIV AR 708102 DI 10.1117/12.801698 PG 12 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BIR87 UT WOS:000262362000001 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Datla, RU Johnson, BC Lykke, KR Rice, JP AF Fraser, G. T. Brown, S. W. Datla, R. U. Johnson, B. C. Lykke, K. R. Rice, J. P. BE Feltz, FW Murray, JJ TI Measurement science for climate remote sensing SO REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS FOR AVIATION WEATHER HAZARD DETECTION AND DECISION SUPPORT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing Applications for Aviation Weather Hazard Detection and Decision Support CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE climate change; measurement science; metrology; remote sensing ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; NIST AB The NIST role in supporting our Nation's climate research is described. The assembly of climate data records over decadal time scales requires assimilating readings from a large number of optical sensors deployed in space and on the Earth by various nations. NIST, in partnership with NASA and NOAA, develops and disseminates the calibration tools and standards to ensure that the measurements from these sensors are accurate, comparable, and tied to international standards based on the SI system of units. This effort helps to provide confidence that the small decadal changes in environmental variables attributed to climate change are not an artifact of the measurement system. Additionally, it ensures that the measurements are physics based and thus comparable to climate models. C1 [Fraser, G. T.; Brown, S. W.; Datla, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.; Lykke, K. R.; Rice, J. P.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7308-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7088 AR 708102 DI 10.1117/12.801698 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Transportation GA BIS78 UT WOS:000262473000001 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Datla, RU Johnson, BC Lykke, KR Rice, JP AF Fraser, G. T. Brown, S. W. Datla, R. U. Johnson, B. C. Lykke, K. R. Rice, J. P. BE Hao, WM TI Measurement science for climate remote sensing SO REMOTE SENSING OF FIRE: SCIENCE AND APPLICATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Fire - Science and Application CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE climate change; measurement science; metrology; remote sensing ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; NIST AB The NIST role in supporting our Nation's climate research is described. The assembly of climate data records over decadal time scales requires assimilating readings from a large number of optical sensors deployed in space and on the Earth by various nations. NIST, in partnership with NASA and NOAA, develops and disseminates the calibration tools and standards to ensure that the measurements from these sensors are accurate, comparable, and tied to international standards based on the SI system of units. This effort helps to provide confidence that the small decadal changes in environmental variables attributed to climate change are not an artifact of the measurement system. Additionally, it ensures that the measurements are physics based and thus comparable to climate models. C1 [Fraser, G. T.; Brown, S. W.; Datla, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.; Lykke, K. R.; Rice, J. P.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7309-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7089 BP VII EP XVIII AR 708102 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR90 UT WOS:000262362300001 ER PT S AU Ruminski, M Simko, J Kibler, J Kondragunta, S Draxler, R Davidson, P Li, P AF Ruminski, Mark Simko, John Kibler, Jamie Kondragunta, Shobha Draxler, Roland Davidson, Paula Li, Po BE Hao, WM TI Use of multiple satellite sensors in NOAA's operational near real-time fire and smoke detection and characterization program SO REMOTE SENSING OF FIRE: SCIENCE AND APPLICATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Fire - Science and Application CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Wildfire; fire detection; smoke; emissions; air quality; smoke transport; remote sensing; hazard mapping system ID MODIS; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM AB Environmental satellite data provides a unique capability to monitor large areas of the globe for the occurrence of fires and the smoke that they generate which can cause considerable degradation of air quality on a regional basis. The Hazard Mapping System (HMS) incorporates seven polar and geostationary satellites into a single workstation environment. While individual satellite platforms can provide important information that can be used in air quality models, integrating several platforms allows for the combined strengths of various spacecraft instruments to overcome their individual limitations. The HMS was specifically designed as an interactive tool to identify fires and the smoke emissions they produce over North America in an operational environment. Automated fire detection algorithms are employed for each of the sensors. Analysts apply quality control procedures for the automated fire detections by eliminating those that are deemed to be false and adding hotspots that the algorithms have not detected via examination of the satellite imagery. Areas of smoke are outlined by the analyst using animated visible channel imagery. An estimate of the smoke concentration is assigned to each plume outlined. The automated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Aerosol and Smoke Product (GASP) is used as an aid in providing smoke concentrations and identifying areas of smoke. HMS analysts provide estimates on the size, initiation and duration of smoke emitting fires that are used as input to NOAA's national air quality forecast capability. This system is currently providing 48 hour smoke forecast guidance for air quality forecasters and utilizes the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. C1 [Ruminski, Mark; Simko, John; Kibler, Jamie; Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ruminski, M (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd Rm 401 E SP23, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7309-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7089 AR 70890A DI 10.1117/12.807507 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR90 UT WOS:000262362300008 ER PT S AU Zhang, XY Kondragunta, S AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Kondragunta, Shobha BE Hao, WM TI Vegetation Burned Areas Derived from Multiple Satellite-based Active Fires SO REMOTE SENSING OF FIRE: SCIENCE AND APPLICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Fire - Science and Application CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Multiple satellites; fire hotspots; burned areas; fire duration; fire size ID BOREAL FOREST; RESOLUTION DATA; BIOMASS; VALIDATION; DATASET; AMERICA AB Biomass burning releases a significant amount of trace gases and aerosol emissions into the atmosphere. If unaccounted for in the modeling of climate, carbon cycle, and air quality, it leads to large uncertainties. The amount of biomass burning emissions depends significantly on burned areas. This study estimates near-real time burned areas from multiple satellite-based active fires in Hazard Mapping System (HMS) developed in NOAA, which capitalizes automated fire detections from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The HMS fire counts are compared with a set of Landsat ETM+ burn scars for various ecosystems to investigate the rate of burned area in a fire count. The fire size and fire duration derived from multiple satellites are then used to calculate burned area every half hour. The estimated burned areas are evaluated using national inventory of burned area across the United States for 2005. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA NESDIS, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7309-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7089 AR 70890D DI 10.1117/12.799415 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR90 UT WOS:000262362300009 ER PT S AU Atlas, R Ardizzone, J Hoffman, RN AF Atlas, Robert Ardizzone, Joseph Hoffman, Ross N. BE Ardanuy, PE Puschell, JJ TI Application of satellite surface wind data to ocean wind analysis SO REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st SPIE Conference on Remote Sensing System Engineering CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE variational methods; ocean winds; marine; miocrowave radiometry; scatterometry; data processing AB A new set of cross-calibrated, multi-satellite ocean surface wind data is described. The principal data set covers the global ocean for the period beginning in 1987 with six-hour and 25-km resolution, and is produced by combining all ocean surface wind speed observations from SSM/I, AMSR-E, and TMI, and all ocean surface wind vector observations from QuikSCAT and SeaWinds. An enhanced variational analysis method (VAM) performs quality control and combines these data with available conventional ship and buoy data and ECMWF analyses. The VAM analyses fit the data used very closely and contain small-scale structures not present in operational analyses. Comparisons with withheld WindSat observations are also shown to be very good. These data sets should be extremely useful to atmospheric and oceanic research, and to air-sea interaction studies. C1 [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Robert.atlas@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7307-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7087 AR 70870B DI 10.1117/12.795371 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR89 UT WOS:000262362200009 ER PT S AU Atlas, R Riishojgaard, LP AF Atlas, Robert Riishojgaard, Lars Peter BE Ardanuy, PE Puschell, JJ TI Application of OSSEs to observing system design SO REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st SPIE Conference on Remote Sensing System Engineering CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE OSSE; simulation experiments; numerical weather prediction; NWP AB Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are an important tool for evaluating the potential impact of proposed new observing systems, as well as for evaluating trade-offs in observing system design, and in developing and assessing improved methodology for assimilating new observations. Extensive OSSEs have been conducted at NASA/GSFC and NOAA/AOML in collaboration with Simpson Weather Associates and operational data assimilation centers over the last 23 years. These OSSEs determined correctly the quantitative potential for several proposed satellite observing systems to improve weather analysis and prediction prior to their launch, evaluated trade-offs in orbits, coverage and accuracy for space-based wind lidars, and were used in the development of the methodology that led to the first beneficial impacts of satellite surface winds on numerical weather prediction. In this paper, we summarize OSSE methodology and earlier OSSE results, and present methodology and results from recent OSSEs. C1 [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cwy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Robert.atlas@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7307-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7087 AR 708707 DI 10.1117/12.795344 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR89 UT WOS:000262362200006 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Datla, RU Johnson, BC Lykke, KR Rice, JP AF Fraser, G. T. Brown, S. W. Datla, R. U. Johnson, B. C. Lykke, K. R. Rice, J. P. BE Ardanuy, PE Puschell, JJ TI Measurement science for climate remote sensing SO REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM ENGINEERING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st SPIE Conference on Remote Sensing System Engineering CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE climate change; measurement science; metrology; remote sensing ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; NIST AB The NIST role in supporting our Nation's climate research is described. The assembly of climate data records over decadal time scales requires assimilating readings from a large number of optical sensors deployed in space and on the Earth by various nations. NIST, in partnership with NASA and NOAA, develops and disseminates the calibration tools and standards to ensure that the measurements from these sensors are accurate, comparable, and tied to international standards based on the SI system of units. This effort helps to provide confidence that the small decadal changes in environmental variables attributed to climate change are not an artifact of the measurement system. Additionally, it ensures that the measurements are physics based and thus comparable to climate models. C1 [Fraser, G. T.; Brown, S. W.; Datla, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.; Lykke, K. R.; Rice, J. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7307-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7087 AR 708102 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR89 UT WOS:000262362200001 ER PT B AU Stienessen, SC Wilson, CD AF Stienessen, Sarah C. Wilson, Christopher D. BE Kruse, GH Drinkwater, K Ianelli, JN Link, JS Stram, DL Wespestad, V TI Juvenile Walleye Pollock Aggregation Structure in the Gulf of Alaska SO RESILIENCY OF GADID STOCKS TO FISHING AND CLIMATE CHANGE SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Resiliency of Gadid Stocks to Fishing and Climate Change CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2006 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Univ Alaska Fishing & Climate Change ID THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; BERING SEA; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; WATER TEMPERATURE; CONDITION INDEXES; SCHOOL STRUCTURE; FISH PREDATORS; GADUS-MORHUA; FOOD AB Size and shape patterns of juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) aggregations in the Gulf of Alaska are described in relation to biophysical factors such as depth of the aggregation in the water column, water temperature, and age and body condition of the aggregation members. Aggregation characteristics were measured with acoustic data collected with a vertically oriented echosounder, and biophysical data were collected with a large midwater trawl and temperature-depth sensors from two areas near Kodiak Island, Alaska, during 1995-1997 and 2000-2002. juvenile walleye pollock spatial patterns were expressed using fish aggregation length, height, fractal dimension, and density. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to examine the associations of the biophysical factors with the size and shape descriptors of juvenile walleye pollock aggregations. Fish aggregation height increased as a function of fish age, and there was a negative association between depth of the aggregation in the water column and density of fish in the aggregation. There was also a negative association between body condition of the fish and the fractal dimension of the aggregation. These results demonstrate that relatively easily measurable environmental and biological factors can be useful in describing and potentially predicting spatial patterns of fish aggregations. Associations in the fish aggregation structure and biophysical measurements were consistent with expectations based on predation and foraging theory. C1 [Stienessen, Sarah C.; Wilson, Christopher D.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stienessen, SC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sarah.stienessen@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-126-2 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2008 VL 24 BP 271 EP 287 DI 10.4027/rgsfcc.2008.15 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BKP66 UT WOS:000268884500015 ER PT S AU Olson, DL Kaydanov, VI Lasseigne-Jackson, AN Landau, A Pinkas, M AF Olson, D. L. Kaydanov, V. I. Lasseigne-Jackson, A. N. Landau, A. Pinkas, M. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Application of interdisciplinary fundamentals to achieve new insight into materials properties, stability, and integrity SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE electronic; magnetic; electromagnetic; elastic property measurement combination; property measurements-microstructure correlations; rapid NDE assessment of microstructure and performance ID NICKEL MARAGING STEELS; PRECIPITATION; ACTINIDES; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; METALS AB Demanding integrity problems, such as material aging, higher-strength materials, and materials with complex engineered structures, require new solutions. Electronic, magnetic, and elastic measurement combinations offer varied insights into material properties, and practices for their selection need to be developed for the appropriate applications. This advanced integration of physical phenomena measurements will result in new opportunities for the NDE community and the development of new analytical measurement equipment and practices. C1 [Olson, D. L.; Kaydanov, V. I.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lasseigne-Jackson, A. N.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Landau, A.; Pinkas, M.] Nucl Res Ctr, IL-84109 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Olson, DL (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU Iowa State QNDE Center; NIST-Boulder (Materials Reliability Division and Magnetics Group of Electromagnetic Division); CSM Physics Department; DOTPHMSA; DOI-MMS; American Bureau of Shipping; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Idaho National Laboratory; Israel Nuclear Center (Negev); Ben-Gurion University FX The authors appreciate and acknowledge the encouragement and support of the Iowa State QNDE Center, NIST-Boulder (Materials Reliability Division and Magnetics Group of Electromagnetic Division), CSM Physics Department (Prof. V.I. Kaydanov), DOTPHMSA, DOI-MMS, the American Bureau of Shipping, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory, the Israel Nuclear Center (Negev), and Ben-Gurion University (Beer Sheva, Israel). This paper is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, an agency of the US government not subject to copyright in the USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 3 EP + PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700001 ER PT S AU Jackson, JE Lasseigne-Jackson, AN Park, YD Mishra, B Olson, DL AF Jackson, J. E. Lasseigne-Jackson, A. N. Park, Y. D. Mishra, B. Olson, D. L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI The future of microstructural characterization: An electronic metallography laboratory SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE microstructural characterization; electronic metallography; microstructural phase rule AB The ability to assess microstructure through quantitative nondestructive evaluation is possible through intelligent use of combinations of intrinsic property measurements. A microstructure rule must be developed to identify the number of measurements necessary to characterize phases and their topology. This paper suggests rules and new methods to classify materials based on electronic structure and response to physical perturbations. Air electronic metallographic laboratory that can rapidly characterize materials in-situ on functional or structural materials is in our future. C1 [Jackson, J. E.; Mishra, B.; Olson, D. L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lasseigne-Jackson, A. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Park, Y. D.] Dong Eui Univ, Busan 614714, South Korea. RP Jackson, JE (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 1085 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701022 ER PT S AU Niyomsoan, S Termsuksawad, P Goldfarb, RB Olson, DL Mishra, B Kaydanov, V Gavra, Z AF Niyomsoan, S. Termsuksawad, P. Goldfarb, R. B. Olson, D. L. Mishra, B. Kaydanov, V. Gavra, Z. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Hydrogenation of Zr0.9Ti0.1Cr intermetallic compounds:Free electron model for magnetic susceptibility and thermoelectric power SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE electronic band structure; hydrogen storage materials; intermetallic compounds; magnetic susceptibility; metal Hydrides; nondestructive electromagnetic testing; Pauli paramagnetism; phase diagrams; Seebeck coefficient; thermoelectric effects; thermopower ID LAVES PHASES; ALLOYS; HYDRIDES; METALS AB The magnetic susceptibility and thermoelectric power of Zr0.9Ti0.1CrxFe2-x intermetallic compounds were investigated as functions of hydrogen content. The alloys are paramagnetic, with magnetic susceptibility and Seebeck coefficient increasing with the amount of stored hydrogen. The susceptibility is proportional to the Seebeck coefficient and to the d-electron concentration, consistent with a free-electron model. The susceptibility of alloys with lower iron concentration suggests exchange-enhanced Pauli paramagnetism. However, Curie-Weiss paramagnetism likely coexists in alloys with higher iron content. Magnetic and electronic measurements may be used to assess the ability of an alloy to store hydrogen. C1 [Niyomsoan, S.; Termsuksawad, P.; Olson, D. L.; Mishra, B.; Kaydanov, V.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Goldfarb, R. B.] Natl Inst Stand &Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gavra, Z.] Nucl Res Ctr Negev, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Niyomsoan, S (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011 OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 1109 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701025 ER PT S AU Lasseigne-Jackson, AN Anton, J Jackson, JE Olson, DL Mishra, B AF Lasseigne-Jackson, A. N. Anton, J. Jackson, J. E. Olson, D. L. Mishra, B. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Development of electromagnetic techniques for hydrogen content assessment in coated linepipe steel SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE hydrogen sensor; impedance; steel pipelines AB With the introduction of new higher strength steels operating at higher pressure, the need for characterization of hydrogen content in high strength steel pipelines is timely for the pipeline industry. The higher-strength steel pipelines have higher susceptibility to hydrogen damage. Through the use of low-frequency induced current impedance measurements, a new non-contact sensor has been developed for real-time determination of diffusible hydrogen content in coated pipeline steel. A measurement scheme to separate variables associated with pipelines is discussed. This electromagnetic technique allows for a rapid, non-destructive assessment of hydrogen accumulation in coated steel line pipe and thus an evaluation of the pipeline integrity. C1 [Lasseigne-Jackson, A. N.; Anton, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jackson, J. E.; Olson, D. L.; Mishra, B.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lasseigne-Jackson, AN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lasseign@boulder.nist.gov; joshjack@mines.edu; dolson@mines.edu NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 1117 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553701026 ER PT J AU da Silva, FCS Halloran, ST Kos, AB Pappas, DP AF da Silva, F. C. S. Halloran, S. T. Kos, A. B. Pappas, D. P. TI 256-channel magnetic imaging system SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We present the design and fabrication of a magnetoresistive imaging system capable of scanning 256 channels simultaneously along linear ranges of either 4 or 13 mm. High speed electronics read the channels and transfer the data to a computer that builds and displays the images. The system was successfully used to image magnetic tapes for real-time forensic validation purposes and can also be applied in other noninvasive imaging applications. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [da Silva, F. C. S.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Halloran, S. T.; Kos, A. B.; Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP da Silva, FCS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 AR 013709 DI 10.1063/1.2829883 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 257TQ UT WOS:000252821800027 PM 18248041 ER PT J AU Hudgens, JW Bergeron, DE AF Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Bergeron, Denis E. TI A Hadamard transform electron ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SYSTEMATIC-ERRORS; SPECTROSCOPY; INJECTION; MASKING; SIGNAL AB We describe the first Hadamard transform time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HT-TOFMS) that incorporates an electron (impact) ionization source. This implementation was realized in an existent TOF instrument using commercially available components and simple modifications to the ion source. In the present apparatus, a Hadamard mask is expressed by modulating the ion generation process within the ion source; thus, the present approach differs from previous designs that use external electrostatic devices to modulate a continuous ion stream. The present implementation may be operated in conventional TOF mode at 12.5 kHz and in HT-TOF mode at 20-40 MHz. In Hadamard mode the design can operate using any circulant simplex code, allowing the operator much flexibility for optimizing resolution and mass range and for eliminating nonstochastic fluctuations, e.g., encoding errors and signal hum. We demonstrate typical performance of the HT-TOFMS in standard and reflectron geometries using sequences of three constructions and of varied length, generating HT-TOF mass spectra of molecules that match conventional reference spectra. The auxiliary material includes an electrical schematic for the floating high-speed encoding amplifier, which is also of use in other high-speed electrostatic optics applications, and a list of 537 validated vectors comprising the first row of each circulant simplex sequence (S(n)=3-8219) derived using maximal shift register (n=2(m)-1), quadratic residue (n=4m-3), and twin prime constructions [n=p(p+2)]. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hudgens, Jeffrey W.; Bergeron, Denis E.] NIST, Phys & Chem Property Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudgens, JW (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Property Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hudgens@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 AR 014102 DI 10.1063/1.2838174 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 257TQ UT WOS:000252821800038 PM 18248052 ER PT J AU Marino, AM Stroud, CR AF Marino, Alberto M. Stroud, C. R., Jr. TI Phase-locked laser system for use in atomic coherence experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; CAVITY DIODE-LASER; FREQUENCY; STABILIZATION; LOCKING; TELEPORTATION; INVERSION; GAS AB We describe a phase-coherent laser system designed for use in experiments involving coherently prepared atomic media. We implement a simple technique based on a sample-and-hold circuit together with a reset of the integrating electronics that makes it possible to scan continuously the relative frequency between the lasers of over tens of gigahertz while keeping them phase locked. The system consists of three external-cavity diode lasers operating around 795 nm. A low-power laser serves as a frequency reference for two high-power lasers which are phased locked with an optical phase-locked loop. We measured the residual phase noise of the system to be less than 0.04 rad(2). In order to show the application of the system towards atomic coherence experiments, we used it to implement electromagnetically induced transparency in a rubidium vapor cell and obtained a reduction in the absorption coefficient of 92%. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Marino, Alberto M.; Stroud, C. R., Jr.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Marino, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alberto.marino@nist.gov RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 AR 013104 DI 10.1063/1.2823330 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 257TQ UT WOS:000252821800005 PM 18248019 ER PT J AU Schriever, C Lochbrunner, S Riedle, E Nesbitt, DJ AF Schriever, C. Lochbrunner, S. Riedle, E. Nesbitt, D. J. TI Ultrasensitive ultraviolet-visible 20 fs absorption spectroscopy of low vapor pressure molecules in the gas phase SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR PROTON-TRANSFER; PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTUM CONTROL; PULSES; TIME; FEMTOCHEMISTRY; GENERATION; RESOLUTION; MECHANISM; NOISE AB We describe an ultrasensitive pump-probe spectrometer for transient absorption measurements in the gas phase and in solution. The tunable UV pump and the visible (450-740 nm) probe pulses are generated by two independently tunable noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers, providing a temporal resolution of 20 fs. A homebuilt low gain photodetector is used to accommodate strong probe pulses with a shot noise significantly lower than the overall measurement noise. A matched digitizing scheme for single shot analysis of the light pulses at kilohertz repetition rates that minimizes the electronic noise contributions to the transient absorption signal is developed. The data processing scheme is optimized to yield best suppression of the laser excess noise and thereby transient absorbance changes down to 1.1x10(-6) can be resolved. A collinear focusing geometry optimized for a 50 mm interaction length combined with a heatable gas cell allows us to perform measurements on substances with low vapor pressures, e.g., on medium sized molecules which are crystalline at room temperature. As an application example highlighting the capability of this instrument, we present the direct time-domain observation of the ultrafast excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole in the gas phase. We are able to compare the resulting dynamics in the gas phase and in solution with a temporal precision of better than 5 fs. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Schriever, C.; Lochbrunner, S.; Riedle, E.] Univ Munich, Fak Phys, Lehrstuhl BioMol Opt, D-80538 Munich, Germany. [Nesbitt, D. J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Riedle, E (reprint author), Univ Munich, Fak Phys, Lehrstuhl BioMol Opt, Oettingenstr 67, D-80538 Munich, Germany. EM riedle@physik.uni-muenchen.de NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 AR 013107 DI 10.1063/1.2834877 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 257TQ UT WOS:000252821800008 PM 18248022 ER PT J AU Eggleston, DB Johnson, EG Kellison, GT Plaia, GR Huggett, CL AF Eggleston, David B. Johnson, Eric G. Kellison, G. Todd Plaia, Gayle R. Huggett, Cynthia L. TI Pilot evaluation of early juvenile blue crab stock enhancement using a replicated BACI design SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE BACI; blue crabs; density-dependence; stock enhancement; translocation ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN AB We quantified whether local populations of early juvenile blue crabs (J1-2) could be enhanced through the translocation of crabs to underutilized nursery habitats, and if enhancement success, survival, and potential impacts of stocked crabs on their benthic prey varied in a density-dependent manner. Using plankton nets, 143,000 blue crab megalopae were collected as they ingressed into Pamlico Sound, NC. Of these, 13,800 early juvenile blue crabs (J1-2 stages) were then stocked at potential nursery sites relatively far removed (32-70 km) from their initial settlement areas using a replicated before-after control impact (BACI) experimental design. On average, there was negative enhancement success (-34%) five weeks after local crab enhancement, and no evidence of density-dependent enhancement success, mortality, or impact on potential crab prey. Poor stocking success was likely due to pelagic emigration from enhancement sites relative to controls. Attempts to assess the feasibility of stocking blue crabs at local scales of small coves should (i) probably not consider J1-2 stages because of their apparent propensity to emigrate from these areas, or (ii) further assess the effects of geomorphology and wind fetch of release sites on density-dependent emigration. C1 [Eggleston, David B.; Plaia, Gayle R.; Huggett, Cynthia L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johnson, Eric G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Kellison, G. Todd] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Nat Marine Fisheries S, Miami, FL USA. RP Eggleston, DB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM eggleston@ncsu.edu NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1080/10641260701681664 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 270PI UT WOS:000253732300011 ER PT J AU Lipcius, RN Eggleston, DB Schreiber, SJ Seitz, RD Shen, J Sisson, M Stockhausen, WT Wang, HV AF Lipcius, Romuald N. Eggleston, David B. Schreiber, Sebastian J. Seitz, Rochelle D. Shen, Jian Sisson, Mac Stockhausen, William T. Wang, Harry V. TI Importance of metapopulation connectivity to restocking and restoration of marine species SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE metapopulation dynamics; source-sink dynamics; restocking; restoration ID CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER; CORAL-REEF FISH; CRAB SPAWNING STOCK; CHESAPEAKE BAY; POPULATION REGULATION; RECRUITMENT DYNAMICS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; LARVAL DISPERSAL; LIFE-CYCLES AB We examine the impact of spatial processes on the efficacy of restocking in species with varying forms of population or metapopulation structure. Metapopulations are classified based on spatial complexity and the degree of connectedness between populations. Designation of effective restocking sites requires careful attention to metapopulation dynamics; populations in the metapopulation can differ dramatically in demography and connectivity, and the sites they occupy can vary in habitat quality. Source populations, which are optimal for restocking, can be distinct geographically and may be a small percentage of the metapopulation. Sink areas, where restocking is almost certain to be fruitless, can nonetheless serve as productive locations for habitat restoration since larvae from source reefs are likely to recruit to these areas. Effective restocking of metapopulations is most likely to be attained by selection of optimal source populations; inattention to metapopulation dynamics can doom restoration efforts with marine species. C1 [Lipcius, Romuald N.; Seitz, Rochelle D.; Shen, Jian; Sisson, Mac; Stockhausen, William T.; Wang, Harry V.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Eggleston, David B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schreiber, Sebastian J.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Stockhausen, William T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW & Alaska Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lipcius, RN (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, 1208 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM rom@vims.edu OI Seitz, Rochelle/0000-0001-8044-7424 NR 57 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1080/10641260701812574 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 270PI UT WOS:000253732300012 ER PT J AU Barrows, FT Bellis, D Krogdahl, A Silverstein, JT Herman, EM Sealey, WM Rust, MB Gatlin, DM AF Barrows, Frederic T. Bellis, Diane Krogdahl, Ashild Silverstein, Jeffrey T. Herman, Eliot M. Sealey, Wendy M. Rust, Michael B. Gatlin, Delbert M., III TI Report of the Plant Products in Aquafeed Strategic Planning Workshop: An Integrated, Interdisciplinary Research Roadmap for Increasing Utilization of Plant Feedstuffs in Diets for Carnivorous Fish SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; 4 SOYBEAN PRODUCTS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE C1 [Gatlin, Delbert M., III] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. [Bellis, Diane] AgSource Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Krogdahl, Ashild] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Aquaculture Prot Ctr, Oslo, Norway. [Silverstein, Jeffrey T.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Herman, Eliot M.] ARS, USDA, Danforth Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Sealey, Wendy M.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. [Rust, Michael B.] US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Gatlin, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM d-gatlin@tamu.edu NR 5 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1080/10641260802046734 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 366SC UT WOS:000260502700005 ER PT J AU Cain, JT Lee, K AF Cain, J. T. Lee, Kang BE Miles, SB Sarma, SE Williams, JR TI Integrating sensors and actuators into RFID tags SO RFID TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cain, J. T.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lee, Kang] NIST, Washington, DC USA. RP Cain, JT (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88093-0 PY 2008 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511541155.006 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541155 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAS97 UT WOS:000305420900006 ER PT J AU Helmerson, K Phillips, WD AF Helmerson, K. Phillips, W. D. TI Cooling, trapping and manipulation of atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates: Applications to metrology SO RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO LA English DT Review ID RESONANCE-RADIATION PRESSURE; PHOTON RECOIL ENERGY; NEUTRAL ATOMS; OPTICAL MOLASSES; SODIUM ATOMS; DOPPLER LIMIT; LASER-LIGHT; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; MULTILEVEL ATOMS; BRAGG SCATTERING C1 [Helmerson, K.; Phillips, W. D.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Helmerson, K (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 168 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 0393-697X EI 1826-9850 J9 RIV NUOVO CIMENTO JI Riv. Nuovo Cimento PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 141 EP 186 DI 10.1393/ncr/i2008-10031-3 PG 46 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338XX UT WOS:000258543800001 ER PT S AU Greene, CM Guilbault, KR AF Greene, Correigh M. Guilbault, Kimberly R. BE Sear, DA DeVries, P TI Density-Dependent Constraints on Spawning and Incubation SO SALMONID SPAWNING HABITAT IN RIVERS: PHYSICAL CONTROLS, BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, AND APPROACHES TO REMEDIATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th Symposium on Physical Factors Affecting Salmon Spawning and Egg Survival to Emergence Integrating Science and Remediation Management CY AUG 13-14, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; REDD-SITE SELECTION; REGULATED CALIFORNIA RIVER; CHINOOK SALMON; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; PINK SALMON; HABITAT SELECTION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BULL TROUT C1 [Greene, Correigh M.; Guilbault, Kimberly R.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98106 USA. RP Greene, CM (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98106 USA. EM correigh.greene@noaa.gov NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-03-5 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2008 VL 65 BP 59 EP 81 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BIN40 UT WOS:000261046500004 ER PT S AU Beechie, T Moir, H Pess, G AF Beechie, Tim Moir, Hamish Pess, George BE Sear, DA DeVries, P TI Hierarchical Physical Controls on Salmonid Spawning Location and Timing SO SALMONID SPAWNING HABITAT IN RIVERS: PHYSICAL CONTROLS, BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, AND APPROACHES TO REMEDIATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th Symposium on Physical Factors Affecting Salmon Spawning and Egg Survival to Emergence Integrating Science and Remediation Management CY AUG 13-14, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; LAHONTAN CUTTHROAT TROUT; REDD-SITE SELECTION; ATLANTIC SALMON; WOODY DEBRIS; BROWN TROUT; WESTERN WASHINGTON; LOCAL ADAPTATION; COLUMBIA RIVER C1 [Beechie, Tim; Pess, George] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Beechie, T (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tim.beechie@noaa.gov NR 90 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-03-5 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2008 VL 65 BP 83 EP 101 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BIN40 UT WOS:000261046500005 ER PT S AU Roni, P McHenry, M Pess, G Beechie, T AF Roni, Phil McHenry, Mike Pess, George Beechie, Tim BE Sear, DA DeVries, P TI Evaluating Changes in Salmon Spawning Habitat and Spawners in the Elwha River Following Dam Removal SO SALMONID SPAWNING HABITAT IN RIVERS: PHYSICAL CONTROLS, BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, AND APPROACHES TO REMEDIATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th Symposium on Physical Factors Affecting Salmon Spawning and Egg Survival to Emergence Integrating Science and Remediation Management CY AUG 13-14, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID FINE SEDIMENT; STREAMS; RESTORATION; CALIFORNIA; MORPHOLOGY; ECOSYSTEM; TIME C1 [Roni, Phil; Pess, George; Beechie, Tim] NOAA Fisheries, Watershed Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Roni, P (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Watershed Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.roni@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-03-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 65 BP 301 EP 319 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BIN40 UT WOS:000261046500014 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Datta, RU Johnson, BC Lykke, KR Rice, JP AF Fraser, G. T. Brown, S. W. Datta, R. U. Johnson, B. C. Lykke, K. R. Rice, J. P. BE Huang, B Heymann, RW SerraSagrista, J TI Measurement science for climate remote sensing SO SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION, COMMUNICATION, AND PROCESSING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications and Archiving IV CY AUG 10-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE climate change; measurement science; metrology; remote sensing ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; NIST AB The NIST role in supporting our Nation's climate research is described. The assembly of climate data records over decadal time scales requires assimilating readings from a large number of optical sensors deployed in space and on the Earth by various nations. NIST, in partnership with NASA and NOAA, develops and disseminates the calibration tools and standards to ensure that the measurements from these sensors are accurate, comparable, and tied to international standards based on the SI system of units. This effort helps to provide confidence that the small decadal changes in environmental variables attributed to climate change are not an artifact of the measurement system. Additionally, it ensures that the measurements are physics based and thus comparable to climate models. C1 [Fraser, G. T.; Brown, S. W.; Datta, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.; Lykke, K. R.; Rice, J. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7304-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7084 BP XI EP XXII AR 708102 DI 10.1117/12.801698 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BIZ47 UT WOS:000263957400001 ER PT S AU Gladkova, I Grossberg, M Gottipati, S AF Gladkova, Irina Grossberg, Michael Gottipati, Srikanth BE Huang, B Heymann, RW SerraSagrista, J TI Lossless Compression Algorithm for Multispectral Imagers SO SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION, COMMUNICATION, AND PROCESSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications, and Archiving IV CY AUG 10-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Multispectral imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool for monitoring the earth and its environment from space borne and airborne platforms. Multispectral imaging data, consists of visible; and IR measurements from a. scene across space and spectrum. Growing data. rates resulting from faster scanning and finer spatial and spectral resolution makes compression an increasingly critical tool to reduce data volume for transmission and archiving. Research for NOAA NESDIS has been directed to finding for the characteristics of satellite atmospheric Earth science Imager sensor data. what level of Lossless compression ratio can be obtained as well as appropriate types of mathematics and approaches that can lead to approaching this data's entropy level. Conventional lossless do not achieve the theoretical limits for lossless compression on imager data as estimated from the Shannon entropy. In a previous paper, the authors introduce a lossless compression algorithm developed for MODIS as a proxy for future NOAA-NESDIS satellite based Earth science multispectral imagers such as GOES-R. The algorithm is based on capturing spectral correlations using spectral prediction, and spatial correlations with a linear transform encoder. In decompression, the algorithm uses a statistically computed look up table: to iteratively predict each channel from a channel decompressed in the previous iteration. In this paper we present, a new approach which fundamentally differs from our prior work. In this new approach, instead of having a single predictor for each pair of bands we introduce; a piecewise spatially varying predictor which significantly improves the compression results. Our new algorithm also now optimizes the sequence of channels we use for prediction. Our results arc: evaluated by comparison with a state of the art wavelet based image compression scheme, Jpeg2000. We present results on the 14 channel subset of the MODIS imager, which serves as a proxy for the GOES-R imager. We will also show results of the algorithm for on NOAA AVHRR data and data from SEVIRI. The algorithm is designed to be adapted to the wide range of multispectral imagers and should facilitate distribution of data. throughout globally. This compression research is managed by Roger Heymann. PE of OSD NOAA NESDIS Engineering in collaboration with the, NOAA NESDIS STAR. Research Office through Mitch Goldberg, Tim Schmit, Walter Wolf. C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Grossberg, Michael; Gottipati, Srikanth] NOAA CREST, CCNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), NOAA CREST, CCNY, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7304-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7084 AR UNSP 70840D DI 10.1117/12.800819 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BIZ47 UT WOS:000263957400011 ER PT S AU Gottipati, S Gladkova, I Grossberg, M AF Gottipati, Srikanth Gladkova, Irina Grossberg, Michael BE Huang, B Heymann, RW SerraSagrista, J TI An Analysis of the Information Dependence Between MODIS Emissive Bands SO SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION, COMMUNICATION, AND PROCESSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications, and Archiving IV CY AUG 10-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Multispectral, hyperspectral and ultraspectral imagers and sounders are increasingly important for atmospheric science and weather forecasting. The recent advent of multipsectral and hyperspectral sensors measuring radiances in the emissive IR are providing valuable new information. This is due to the presense of spectral channels (in some cases micro-channels) which are carefully positioned in and out of absorption lines of CO2, ozone, and water vapor. These spectral bands are used for measuring surface/cloud temperature, atmospheric temperature, Cirrus clouds water vapor, cloud properties/ozone, and cloud top altidude etc. The complexity of the spectral structure wherein the emissive bands have been selected presents challenges for lossless data compression; these are qualitatively different than the challenges offered by the reflective bands. For a hyperspectral sounder such as AIRS, the large number of channels is the principal contributor to data size. We have shown that methods combining clustering and linear models in the spectral channels can be effective for lossless data compression. However, when the number of emissive channels is relatively small compared to the spatial resolution, such as with the 17 emissive channels of MODIS, such techniques are not effective. In previous work the CCNY-NOAA compression group has reported an algorithm which addresses this case by sequential prediction of the spatial image. While that algorithm demonstrated an improved compression ration over pure JPEG2000 compression, it underperformed optimal compression ratios estimated from entropy. In order to effectively exploit the redundant information in a progressive prediction scheme we must, determine a sequence of bands in which each band has sufficient mutual information with the next band, so that it predicts it well. We will provide a covariance and mutual information based analysis of the pairwise dependence between the bands and compare this with the qualitative expected dependence suggested by a physical analysis. This compression research is managed by Roger Heymann, PE of OSD NOAA NESDIS Engineering, in collaboration with the NOAA NESDIS STAR Research Office through Mitch Goldberg, Tim Schmit, Walter Wolf. C1 [Gottipati, Srikanth; Gladkova, Irina; Grossberg, Michael] NOAA CREST, CCNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), NOAA CREST, CCNY, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7304-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7084 AR UNSP 70840J DI 10.1117/12.800817 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Telecommunications GA BIZ47 UT WOS:000263957400017 ER PT J AU Fu, J Chu, W Dixson, R Vorburger, T AF Fu, Joseph Chu, Wei Dixson, Ronald Vorburger, Theodore TI Three-dimensional image correction of tilted samples through coordinate transformation SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE coordinate transformation; image processing; linewidth measurement; surface metrology; scanning probe/SPM ID MICROSCOPE AB In scanned probe measurements of micrometer- or nanometer-scale lines, it is nearly impossible to maintain the sample in a perfectly level position, and even a small amount of tilt can contribute to the accuracy of the result of the measurand such as linewidth or step height. The current practice in image processing to deal with this problem is to conduct a line-by-line analysis to find the best fit of the substrate profile and subtract this background from all data points, thus describing 3D plane turns as a series of lines and processing them in succession in the x- or y-direction. In this paper a coordinate transformation method is proposed. The new coordinate system can be established on the basis of the inclined angle of the sample as well as the translation of three axes between the old coordinate system and the new coordinate system. The method can mathematically derive and hence correct all tilts around the x-, y- and z-axes and produce a leveled image simultaneously. Feature dimensions such as width, height, sidewall angle and pitch are calculated on the basis of simulated images using the coordinate transformation method and other methods. The result shows the advantage of the proposed method. C1 [Fu, Joseph; Chu, Wei; Dixson, Ronald; Vorburger, Theodore] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fu, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jofu@nist.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1002/sca.20092 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 267IG UT WOS:000253502100005 PM 18302218 ER PT J AU Feng, SC Vorburger, TV Joung, CB Dixson, RG Fu, J Ma, L AF Feng, Shaw C. Vorburger, Theodore V. Joung, Che Bong Dixson, Ronald G. Fu, Joseph Ma, Li TI Computational models of a nano probe tip for static behaviors SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscope/other scanned probe microscopes; metrology; scanned probe; computer simulation ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBE; SCANNING PROBE AB It is difficult to predict the measurement bias arising from the compliance of the atomic force microscope (AFM) probe. The issue becomes particularly important in this situation where nanometer uncertainties are sought for measurements with dimensional probes composed of flexible carbon nanotubes mounted on AFM cantilevers. We have developed a finite element model for simulating the mechanical behavior of AFM cantilevers with carbon nanotubes attached. Spring constants of both the nanotube and cantilever in two directions are calculated using the finite element method with known Young's moduli of both silicon and multiwall nanotube as input data. Compliance of the nanotube-attached AFM probe tip may be calculated from the set of spring constants. This paper presents static models that together provide a basis to estimate uncertainties in linewidth measurement using nanotubes. In particular, the interaction between a multiwall nanotube tip and a silicon sample is modeled using the Lennard-Jones theory. Snap-in and snap-out of the probe tip in a scanning mode are calculated by integrating the compliance of the probe and the sample-tip interacting force model. Cantilever and probe tip deflections and points of contact are derived for both horizontal scanning of a plateau and vertically scanning of a wall. The finite element method and the Lennard-Jones model provide a means to analyze the interaction of the probe and sample and measurement uncertainty, including actual deflection and the gap between the probe tip and the measured sample surface. C1 [Feng, Shaw C.; Vorburger, Theodore V.; Joung, Che Bong; Dixson, Ronald G.; Fu, Joseph; Ma, Li] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feng, SC (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8263, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM feng@nist.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1002/sca.20079 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 267IG UT WOS:000253502100006 PM 18200506 ER PT J AU Cammen, LM Painter, A AF Cammen, Leon M. Painter, Amy TI Introducing a new strategic plan and integrated program assessment system SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cammen, Leon M.; Painter, Amy] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Cammen, LM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1 BP 27 EP 28 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 259KE UT WOS:000252937400012 ER PT B AU Mink, A Ma, LJ Nakassis, T Xu, H Slattery, O Hershman, B Tang, X AF Mink, Alan Ma, Lijun Nakassis, Tassos Xu, Hai Slattery, Oliver Hershman, Barry Tang, Xiao GP IEEE TI A Quantum Network Manager That Supports A One-Time Pad Stream SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUANTUM-, NANO- AND MICRO-TECHNOLOGIES: ICQNM 2008, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Quantum, Nano and Micro Technologies CY FEB 10-15, 2008 CL St Luce, MARTINIQUE SP IEEE ID KEY DISTRIBUTION AB We have begun to expand the NIST quantum key distribution (QKD) system into a quantum network to support secure cryptography. We are starting with a simple three-node network, one Alice switched between Bob I and Bob2. To support such a quantum network, we have implemented a quantum network manager that not only handles the switch and QKD protocol startup operations but also handles multiplexing and synchronization of secret key streams. We describe the function, structure and interfaces of this quantum network manager and report on initial switching overhead We also discuss some steps we plan to take to optimize that overhead as well as hide its latency for certain applications. C1 [Mink, Alan; Ma, Lijun; Nakassis, Tassos; Xu, Hai; Slattery, Oliver; Hershman, Barry; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mink, A (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amink@nist.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4228-7 PY 2008 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1109/ICQNM.2008.8 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BJT48 UT WOS:000267131300003 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Lu, KJ Rong, B Tipper, D AF Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Rong, Bo Tipper, David TI A design of optimal key management scheme for secure and survivable wireless sensor networks SO SECURITY AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE key management; security; survivability; heterogeneous; wireless sensor network; optimization; genetic algorithm AB In this paper, we investigate optimal key management design for secure and survivable heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs). In particular, we formulate the key management problem as a multi-objective optimization problem, in which the cost of the sensor network, and the security and survivability metrics of the sensor network are taken into account. To solve the multi-objective optimization model, we develop a genetic algorithm (GA)based approach that can efficiently obtain near-optimal solutions. We show the performance of our scheme through extensive numerical results. With a small amount of powerful sensor nodes in HWSN, we can balance the cost of the sensor network and the resilience of the sensor network with the required security constraint in different hostile environment. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Qian, Yi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qian, Yi; Lu, Kejie; Rong, Bo] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Tipper, David] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Informat Sci & Telecommun, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yqian@nist.gov FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0424546]; NSF EPSCoR FX This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award Number 0424546, and in part by NSF EPSCoR start-up grant in Puerto Rico. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1939-0114 J9 SECUR COMMUN NETW JI Secur. Commun. Netw. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1002/sec.3 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA V10QX UT WOS:000207479600007 ER PT S AU Balakirsky, S Proctor, FM Scrapper, CJ Kramer, TR AF Balakirsky, Stephen Proctor, Frederick M. Scrapper, Christopher J. Kramer, Thomas R. BE Carpin, S Noda, I Pagello, E Reggiani, M VonStryk, O TI A Mobile Robot Control Framework: From Simulation to Reality SO SIMULATION, MODELING, AND PROGRAMMING FOR AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots CY NOV 03-06, 2008 CL Venice, ITALY SP Telecon Italia, Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, Ist Ingegner Biomed CNR, Univ Padua AB In order to expedite the research and development of robotic systems and foster development of novel robot configurations, it is essential to develop tools and standards that allow researchers to rapidly develop, communicate, and compare experimental results. This paper describes the Mobility Open Architecture Simulation and Tools Framework (MOAST). The MOAST framework is designed to aid in the development, testing, and analysis of robotic software by providing developers with a wide range of open source robotic algorithms and interfaces. The framework provides a physics-based virtual development environment for initial testing and allows for the seamless transition of algorithms to real hardware. This paper details the design approach, software architecture and module-to-module interfaces. C1 [Balakirsky, Stephen; Proctor, Frederick M.; Scrapper, Christopher J.; Kramer, Thomas R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89075-1 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2008 VL 5325 BP 111 EP 122 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BIP89 UT WOS:000261730000014 ER PT J AU Jain, S McLean, CR AF Jain, Sanjay McLean, Charles R. TI Components of an incident management simulation and gaming framework and related developments SO SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE modeling; simulation; gaming; component; architecture; incident management; emergency response; integration ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; EMERGENCY RESPONSE; AIR-FLOW; SYSTEMS; MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; NETWORK; SUPPORT; BIOTERRORISM AB The nation's emergency responders need to work in a coordinated, well-planned manner to best mitigate the impact of an emergency incident. They need to be trained and ready to act in view of the increased security threat. The training has been traditionally provided using live exercises at great expense. Simulation and gaming systems could provide a wider range of training at a much lower cost. Integrated gaming and simulation systems should be used for training decision makers and responders on the same scenarios, preparing them to work together as a team. A large number of simulation and gaming tools are needed to address the huge number of scenarios that can be of interest for incident management. An efficient approach will be to develop a library of interoperable component models that can be assembled together in different combinations to represent a range of scenarios. Standard specifications of the component models are needed to stimulate the development. The specifications should allow for alternate competing implementations. This paper presents a conceptual architecture that partitions the incident management simulation and gaming solution space into standard components. Recent literature is surveyed to identify related models and/or simulators where available for each defined component. The suggested components and the survey lay some preliminary groundwork in developing a holistic model of the incident response domain. C1 [Jain, Sanjay] George Washington Univ, Dept Decis Sci, Sch Business, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [McLean, Charles R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Decis Sci, Sch Business, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM jain@gwu.edu NR 118 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0037-5497 EI 1741-3133 J9 SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM JI Simul.-Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 84 IS 1 BP 3 EP 25 DI 10.1177/0037549708088956 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 296AA UT WOS:000255514700001 ER PT S AU Marme, N Lee, H Friedrich, A Park, CW Fiore, J Nesbitt, DJ Knemeyer, JP AF Marme, Nicole Lee, Haemi Friedrich, Achim Park, Chong-Woo Fiore, Julie Nesbitt, David J. Knemeyer, Jens-Peter BE Enderlein, J Gryczynski, ZK Erdmann, R TI Suppressing nonspecific adsorption of proteins on the single-molecular level - art. no. 686212 SO SINGLE MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Imaging CY JAN 19-21, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID STAR PEG PREPOLYMERS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRATHIN COATINGS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PEPTIDE PROBES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; ASSAY AB Avoiding nonspecific surface adsorption is a crucial and often challenging issue in many single-molecule studies and analytical applications. In this work, we investigated glass surfaces coated with cross-linking star-shaped polyethylene glycol (4-arm PEG) and demonstrated that this coating can be used for effective suppression of nonspecific protein binding, such as streptavidin. Single-molecule fluorescence images show that only a few molecules remain nonspecifically bound to surfaces treated with protein after sufficient rinsing, i.e. less than to a state-of-the-art BSA coating. Furthermore, different applications for star-shaped PEG-passivated surfaces are shown. C1 [Marme, Nicole; Lee, Haemi; Fiore, Julie; Nesbitt, David J.; Knemeyer, Jens-Peter] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Marme, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7037-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6862 BP 86212 EP 86212 DI 10.1117/12.763014 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHS52 UT WOS:000255943300025 ER PT J AU Przybocki, M Peterson, K Bronsart, S AF Przybocki, Mark Peterson, Kay Bronsart, Sebastien GP European Language Resources Association TI Translation Adequacy and Preference Evaluation Tool (TAP-ET) SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION, LREC 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC) CY MAY 28-30, 2008 CL Marrakech, MOROCCO SP European Language Resources Assoc (ELRA), Evaluat & Language Resources Distribut Agcy (ELDA), Ist Linguistica Computazionale (ILC), Nuance, Inst Nederlandse Lexicologie (INL), Microsoft, European Media Lab GmBH (EML), Linguatec, Connexor, Orange, Telisma, AAMT, AMTA, ACL, AFNLP, ALTA, COCOSDA, Oriental COCOSDA, EACL, EAMT, ELSNET, EURALEX, GWA, IAMT, ISCA, KnowledgeWeb, LDC, NEMLAR Network, SIGLEX, TEI, Technolangue French Program, WRITE, Informat Soc & Media, European Commiss, Unit E 2 Content & Knowledge AB Evaluation of Machine Translation (MT) technology is often tied to the requirement for tedious manual judgments of translation quality. While automated MT metrology continues to be an active area of research, a well known and often accepted standard metric is the manual human assessment of adequacy and fluency. There are several software packages (RWTH, 2000) (LDC, 2005) that have been used to facilitate these judgments, but for the 2008 NIST Open MT Evaluation (NIST, 2008), NIST's Speech Group created an online software tool to accommodate the requirement for centralized data and distributed judges. This paper introduces the NIST TAP-ET application and reviews the reasoning underlying its design. Where available, analysis of data sets judged for Adequacy and Preference using the TAP-ET application will be presented. TAP-ET is freely available and ready to download, and contains a variety of customizable features. C1 [Przybocki, Mark; Peterson, Kay; Bronsart, Sebastien] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.przybocki@nist.gov; kay.peterson@nist.gov; sebastien.bronsart@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN LANGUAGE RESOURCES ASSOC-ELRA PI PARIS PA 55-57, RUE BRILLAT-SAVARIN, PARIS, 75013, FRANCE PY 2008 BP 1175 EP 1182 PG 8 WC Linguistics SC Linguistics GA BGS66 UT WOS:000324028901045 ER PT J AU Sanders, GA Bronsart, S Condon, S Schlenoff, C AF Sanders, Gregory A. Bronsart, Sebastien Condon, Sherri Schlenoff, Craig GP European Language Resources Association TI Odds of Successful Transfer of Low-level Concepts: A Key Metric for Bidirectional Speech-to-speech Machine Translation in DARPA's TRANSTAC Program SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION, LREC 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC) CY MAY 28-30, 2008 CL Marrakech, MOROCCO SP European Language Resources Assoc (ELRA), Evaluat & Language Resources Distribut Agcy (ELDA), Ist Linguistica Computazionale (ILC), Nuance, Inst Nederlandse Lexicologie (INL), Microsoft, European Media Lab GmBH (EML), Linguatec, Connexor, Orange, Telisma, AAMT, AMTA, ACL, AFNLP, ALTA, COCOSDA, Oriental COCOSDA, EACL, EAMT, ELSNET, EURALEX, GWA, IAMT, ISCA, KnowledgeWeb, LDC, NEMLAR Network, SIGLEX, TEI, Technolangue French Program, WRITE, Informat Soc & Media, European Commiss, Unit E 2 Content & Knowledge AB The Spoken Language Communication and Translation System for Tactical Use (TRANSTAC) program is a Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) program to create bidirectional speech-to-speech machine translation (MT) that will allow U. S. Soldiers and Marines, speaking only English, to communicate, in tactical situations, with civilian populations who speak only other languages (for example, Iraqi Arabic). A key metric for the program is the odds of successfully transferring low-level concepts, defined as the source-language content words. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has now carried out two large-scale evaluations of TRANSTAC systems, using that metric. In this paper we discuss the merits of that metric. It has proven to be quite informative. We describe exactly how we defined this metric and how we obtained values for it from panels of bilingual judges-allowing others to do what we have done. We compare results on this metric to results on Likert-type judgments of semantic adequacy, from the same panels of bilingual judges, as well as to a suite of typical automated MT metrics (BLEU, TER, METEOR). C1 [Sanders, Gregory A.; Bronsart, Sebastien; Schlenoff, Craig] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregory.sanders@nist.gov; sebastien.bronsart@nist.gov; scondon@mitre.org; craig.schlenoff@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN LANGUAGE RESOURCES ASSOC-ELRA PI PARIS PA 55-57, RUE BRILLAT-SAVARIN, PARIS, 75013, FRANCE PY 2008 BP 1565 EP 1571 PG 7 WC Linguistics SC Linguistics GA BGS66 UT WOS:000324028901111 ER PT J AU Selvam, P Chokshi, U Gouch, A Wu, L Porcar, L da Rocha, SRP AF Selvam, Parthiban Chokshi, Udayan Gouch, Ayanna Wu, Libo Porcar, Lionel da Rocha, Sandro R. P. TI Ethoxylated copolymer surfactants for the HFA134a-water interface: interfacial activity, aggregate microstructure and biomolecule uptake SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID METERED-DOSE INHALERS; REVERSE MICELLE FORMATION; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; 134A HFC 134A; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER SOLUBILIZATION; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS AB In this work we examine the aggregation behavior of ethoxylated copolymer surfactants in 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane in the presence of water, and the ability of such aggregates to uptake a model biomolecule. Our approach consists of developing a rational framework for understanding the behavior of interfacially active species at the HFA134a-water (HFA134a|W) interface using a combination of in situ high-pressure tensiometry, spectroscopy, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The optimum hydrophilic-to-HFA-philic balance (HFB) for the ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide (EOnPO similar to 43EOn, where subscripts indicate the number of repeat units) surfactant series at the HFA134a| W interface was determined at 298 K and saturation pressure of the propellant (under pressure). The selection of promising candidates for the reverse aggregate formation studies was based on the tension vs. HFB scan. Tensiometric information revealed that EO3PO43EO3 occupies a very large area per molecule at the HFA134a| W interface, which represents a general trend for compressible solvents that are small and also able to interact with water more favorably than alkane solvents. The water solubilization capacity of the EO3PO43EO3 surfactant was investigated in situ by UV-vis spectroscopy, with a suitable solvatochromic probe. At a surfactant concentration above the determined critical aggregation concentration, a shift in the absorption maximum of the probe towards that of pure water was observed as the water-to-surfactant ratio increases. A similar but more pronounced shift was observed in the presence of a co-solvent. The nature of the aqueous environment associated with the aggregates is discussed based on the spectroscopic results. The microstructure of the aggregates is investigated by SANS. Scattering curves were also used to confirm the uptake of a model protein in the reverse aggregates. The relevance of this work stems from the fact that reverse aggregates of water in HFA134a are potential candidate formulations for the delivery of hydrophilic drugs, including biomolecules, to and through the lungs. C1 [Selvam, Parthiban; Chokshi, Udayan; Gouch, Ayanna; Wu, Libo; da Rocha, Sandro R. P.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Selvam, P (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM sdr@eng.wayne.edu RI da Rocha, Sandro/F-6890-2014; da Rocha, Sandro /M-2369-2016 NR 80 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.1039/b710144a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 253YN UT WOS:000252553600021 ER PT J AU Chiche, A Stafford, CM Cabral, JT AF Chiche, Arnaud Stafford, Christopher M. Cabral, Joao T. TI Complex micropatterning of periodic structures on elastomeric surfaces SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ORDERED STRUCTURES; POLYMER; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; MECHANICS; SUBSTRATE; WRINKLES; SILICON AB We report a simple methodology to fabricate complex sub-micrometre periodic structures in poly(dimethylsiloxane) over large surface areas (several cm 2). Single-frequency, uni- and multi-axial sinusoidal surface modulations, with tunable amplitude and wavelength, in the nano- to micrometre range, are readily demonstrated. The technique builds upon a buckling instability of a stiff layer supported by an elastomeric membrane (reported earlier), induced by surface oxidation of a pre-stretched elastomer coupon followed by removal of the applied mechanical strain. Plasma oxidation yields model surfaces with single wavelengths, sub-micrometre periodicity, achieving a dynamic range from sub-200 nm to 10s of mm, which UV ozonolysis extends to 100s of mu m. We find that a single 'dose' parameter (exposure time X power) characterizes the surface conversion. The strain control provides unprecedented tunability of surface pattern amplitude and morphology, ranging from lines to complex periodic topologies induced under multi-axial deformation. We introduce a novel multiple strain-exposure and replication approach that extends surface topologies beyond lines, chevron and spinodal patterns (isotropic structures with a dominant wavelength). The resulting structures exhibit a glass-like surface, which is easily grafted with self-assembled monolayers to enhance functionality. Applications of this inexpensive and fast methodology include stamps for soft lithography, micromolding, templating and surface patterning. C1 [Cabral, Joao T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Chiche, Arnaud; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cabral, JT (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.cabral@imperial.ac.uk RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 34 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2008 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2360 EP 2364 DI 10.1039/b811817e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 384EF UT WOS:000261726400007 ER PT J AU Shim, H Dutta, P Seehra, MS Bonevich, J AF Shim, H. Dutta, P. Seehra, M. S. Bonevich, J. TI Size dependence of the blocking temperatures and electron magnetic resonance spectra in NiO nanoparticles SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetic nanoparticles; blocking temperatures; size dependence; electron magnetic resonance ID PARTICLES AB Size dependence of the blocking temperature T-B (determined by SQUID magnetometry) and electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectra are reported for NiO nanoparticles (NPs) with diameter D = 5-20 nm. Comparison of the T-B vs. D variations in the oleic acid (OA) coated and uncoated NiO NPs is made. The hi-her blocking temperatures observed for the uncoated NPs are suggested to result from the effects of the interparticles interactions (IPI). For the coated NPs with negligible IPI, the expected linear variation of T-B with volume V of the NPs is valid if effective anisotropy constant K-eff increases with decreasing V. The decreasing intensity of the EMR signal with increasing D is suggested to result from the surface Ni2+ spins whose density decreases with increasing D. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shim, H.; Dutta, P.; Seehra, M. S.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bonevich, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seehra, MS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mseehra@wvu.edu NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 145 IS 4 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.10.026 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 261SI UT WOS:000253099900008 ER PT J AU Fraser, SB Sedberry, GR AF Fraser, Sarah B. Sedberry, George R. TI Reef morphology and invertebrate distribution at continental shelf edge reefs in the South Atlantic Bight SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NORTH CAROLINA; CAPE HATTERAS; GULF; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; JAMAICA; ECOLOGY; CORALS AB Video footage recorded from 14 submersible dives on the continental shelf edge was used to describe and categorize reef morphology and quantify density and number of morphotypes of large sponges and corals. Significant variation in number of morphotypes and density of three dominant species among temperature classes, depth classes, and reef morphology categories was tested using a multiple response permutation procedure. The greatest densities of Ircinia campana, Stichopathes sp., and Muricea pendula, and the largest numbers of morphotypes were found between 18.1 and 21.0 degrees C and at depths between 51.0 and 60.9 m. Among reef morphology types, those that contained unconsolidated sediments such as "sand" and "large boulders with sand" exhibited the lowest densities and richness of morphotypes, while "block-shaped boulders," "buried block-shaped boulders," and "low-relief bioeroded" reefs had the greatest densities and largest numbers of coral and sponge morphotypes. Rocky reefs along the shelf edge with rough texture, complexity, and relief provide favorable conditions for epibenthic invertebrates. The warming and stabilizing effect of the Gulf Stream along the continental shelf edge allows some sessile macrofauna to inhabit deeper waters and more northern latitudes. C1 [Fraser, Sarah B.] Coll Charleston, Environm Studies Program, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Sedberry, George R.] Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Fraser, SB (reprint author), 11 Jett Court, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM sarahbfraser@gmail.com NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 191 EP 206 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2008)7[191:RMAIDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317SH UT WOS:000257039500001 ER PT J AU Lombardi-Carlson, LA Graee, MA Fuentes, DED AF Lombardi-Carlson, Linda A. Graee, Mark A. Fuentes, David E. De Anda TI Comparison of Red Grouper Populations from Campeche Bank, Mexico and West Florida Shelf, United States SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; EPINEPHELUS-MORIO; AGE; OTOLITHS; FISHERY; DENSITY; YUCATAN; GROWTH; SIZE AB Epinephelus morio (Red Grouper) is ail important component of commercial fisheries for the United States and Mexico. Fishery-independent long-line Surveys that utilized standardized sampling designs were conducted along the west Florida shelf, Florida and Campeche Bank, Mexico (2001-2002). Detecting true differences in abundance and sizes are difficult, but by using standard collection and aging methodologies, the level of bias was kept at a minimum. Relative abundance was higher in the Campeche Bank compared to the west Florida shelf (1.74 and 0.63 Red Grouper/100 hook hr, respectively). Fish from the Campeche Bank were also significantly smaller at length and weight. Differences in length, weight, and relative abundance or Red Grouper may be because of historical fishing pressure and management regulations, or the available carrying capacity of each area for Red Grouper. These differences have a substantial impact on how an overfished Population can recover and be sustained. C1 [Lombardi-Carlson, Linda A.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Graee, Mark A.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. [Fuentes, David E. De Anda] CRIP Yucalpeten, Inst Nacl Pesca, Yucatan 97320, Mexico. RP Lombardi-Carlson, LA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Linda.Lombardi@noaa.gov FU US Department of Commerce FX This research was possible through the assistance of the crews of the NOAA R/V OREGON II and the Mexican R/V ONJUKU and to all the scientific staff, especially Dean Landi, Lisa Jones, Karen Mitchell, Melissa Cook, and to our Mexican colleague Jose Leonardo Castillo-Geniz (Instituto Nacional de la Pesca, CRIP, Ensenada). We offer our appreciation to John Carlson for his assistance in collecting samples and for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Finally, our gratitude extends to Marta Ribera for her knowledge of GlS. Financial support was provided by the US Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Commerce or NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 4 BP 651 EP 664 DI 10.1656/1528-7092-7.4.651 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383VV UT WOS:000261703200008 ER PT S AU Nave, G Sansonetti, CJ Kerber, F Penton, SN Rosa, MR AF Nave, Gillian Sansonetti, Craig J. Kerber, Florian Penton, Steven Nt. Rosa, Michael R. BE Turner, MJL Flanagan, KA TI Observations of Pt/Ne hollow cathode lamps similar to those used on the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph: spectroscopy and air testing SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2008: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Cosmic Origins Spectrograph; vacuum ultraviolet; hollow-cathode lamps AB We report accelerated aging tests oil three Pt/Ne lamps from the same manufacturing run as lamps installed on the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS). Initial radiometrically calibrated spectra were taken for each lamp at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). One lamp was aged in air at, NIST at a current of 10 mA and 50% duty cycle (30 s on, 30 s off) until failure. Calibrated spectra were taken after 206 11, 500 h, 778 h, 783 h and 897 h of operation. Two other lamps were aged by, the COS instrument development team in a thermal vacuum chamber, with calibrated spectra taken at NIST after 500 h of operation. In all three lamps, total output dropped by less than 15% over 500 h. We conclude that the lamps will satisfy the requirements of COS in both lifetime and spectral stability. C1 [Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nave, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gillian.nave@nist.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7221-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7011 AR 70113L DI 10.1117/12.789147 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIH64 UT WOS:000259563700105 ER PT S AU Ciurylo, R Lisak, D Hodges, JT AF Ciurylo, R. Lisak, D. Hodges, J. T. BE Gigosos, MA Gonzalez, MA TI Semi-classical line shape models of rovibrational H2O spectra tested using frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES VOL 15 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 15-20, 2008 CL Valladolid, SPAIN SP Junta Castilla Leon, Minist Educ & Ciencia, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Minist Asunto Exter, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambiental, Fund Univ Castill Leon, Univ Vallladolid, Ayuntamiento Valladolid, Oficina Congres Valladolid ID DEPENDENT COLLISIONAL WIDTH; WATER-VAPOR SPECTRUM; HIGH-RESOLUTION; THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS; BROADENING PARAMETERS; CHANGING COLLISIONS; MULTISPECTRUM FITS; MULTIPLET SPECTRA; LINESHAPE MODELS; SPEED DEPENDENCE AB In this work, we present a brief review of recent results for water line shapes obtained by means of the frequency stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) technique. We demonstrate its ability to enable precise spectroscopic measurements of absorption coefficients with high signal-to-noise ratio and high sensitivity as well as a well-determined spectrum frequency axis. Such high-fidelity measurements motivate the development of rigorous line shape models that allow one to fit die observed spectra to within the statistical uncertainty. We show the impact of the choice of proper line shape models on the final result. Finally we make a few, remarks about new efficient spectroscopic methods and their possible influence on molecular databases. C1 [Ciurylo, R.; Lisak, D.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Process Measurements, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ciurylo, R (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014 FU Program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Toruh, Poland FX This work was supported from funds for science in years 2007-2010 as a research project within the Program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Toruh, Poland. NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0588-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1058 BP 225 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIN38 UT WOS:000261043100060 ER PT S AU DeRose, PC Wang, L Gaigalas, AK Kramer, GW Resch-Genger, U Panne, U AF DeRose, P. C. Wang, L. Gaigalas, A. K. Kramer, G. W. Resch-Genger, U. Panne, U. BE ReschGenger, U TI Need for and Metrological Approaches Towards Standardization of Fluorescence Measurements from the View of National Metrology Institutes SO STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS I: TECHNIQUES SE Springer Series on Fluorescence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Calibration; Emission standards; Fluorescence intensity standards; Fluorescence standards; Quality assurance ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; INTENSITY; CALIBRATION; SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATION; FLUOROMETRY; ABSORPTION; EXPRESSION; LINKING; QUALITY AB The need for standardization in fluorescence measurements to improve quality assurance and to meet regulatory demands is addressed from the viewpoint of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). Classes of fluorescence standards are defined, including instrument calibration standards for the determination and correction of instrument bias, application-specific standards based on commonly used fluorescent labels, and instrument validation standards for periodic checks of instrument performance. The need for each class of standard is addressed and on-going efforts by NMIs and others are described. Several certified reference materials (CRMs) that have recently been developed by NMIs are highlighted. These include spectral correction standards, developed independently by both NIST and BAM (Germany), and fluorescence intensity standards for flow cytometry, developed by NIST. In addition, future activities at both institutes are addressed such as the development of day-to-day intensity standards. C1 [DeRose, P. C.; Wang, L.; Gaigalas, A. K.; Kramer, G. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Resch-Genger, U.; Panne, U.] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP DeRose, PC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.derose@nist.gov; ute.resch@bam.de RI Panne, Ulrich/C-7136-2009; Resch-Genger, Ute/B-8369-2009 OI Resch-Genger, Ute/0000-0002-0944-1115 NR 87 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1617-1306 BN 978-3-540-75206-6 J9 SPRINGER SER FLUORES PY 2008 VL 05 BP 33 EP 62 DI 10.1007/4243_2008_049 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJV85 UT WOS:000267284500002 ER PT S AU Zou, SG He, HJ Zong, YP Shi, LM Wang, LL AF Zou, Sige He, Hua-Jun Zong, Yaping Shi, Leming Wang, Lili BE ReschGenger, U TI DNA Microarrays: Applications, Future Trends, and the Need for Standardization SO STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS II: BIOANALYTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Fluorescence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bead-based arrays; cDNA arrays; Expression profiling; External RNA control; Genotyping; Oligonucleotide arrays; Scanner performance validation ID GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; NF-KAPPA-B; GENOME-WIDE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; POINT MUTATIONS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CELL MICROARRAYS; GLASS SLIDES AB Microarray technology allows high-throughput analysis of tens or even hundreds of thousands of genes in a single experiment, and has been applied broadly to address a wide variety of questions in basic and applied sciences. The applications of the microarray technology range from gene-expression profiling and genotyping to DNA-protein interactions and genome sequencing, and the list of applications keeps growing, especially when combined with other technologies such as proteomic technologies. However, many steps are involved in each microarray experiment and a number of microarray platforms exist, each with its unique features. The challenge is how to standardize the methods and materials to allow intra- and inter-comparison of microarray data collected in the same or different set of experiments. With the challenge in mind, we address the need for standardization for each step of the microarray experiments with emphasis on quality control of array fabrication and scanner calibration and verification. The proposed standards are designed for checking the quality of mRNA, fabricating slides, hybridization, and collecting, analyzing, and storing data. By implementing standards for each step of the microarray process, the full potential of the microarray technology will be realized, especially in the area of disease diagnosis and drug development. C1 [He, Hua-Jun; Wang, Lili] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zou, Sige; Wang, Lili] NIA, Lab Expt Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Zong, Yaping] Full Moon Biosyst, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Shi, Leming] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1617-1306 BN 978-3-540-70570-3 J9 SPRINGER SER FLUORES PY 2008 VL 06 BP 215 EP 237 DI 10.1007/4243_2008_036 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-70571-0 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJV84 UT WOS:000267284000008 ER PT S AU Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL AF Gaigalas, A. K. Wang, Lili BE ReschGenger, U TI Approaches to Quantitation in Flow Cytometry SO STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS II: BIOANALYTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Fluorescence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Antibodies; Calibration; Flow cytometry; Fluorescence; MESF; Microspheres; Quantitative ID ANTIBODY-BINDING CAPACITY; INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN-EXPRESSION; STANDARDS; TRACEABILITY; LYMPHOCYTES; PERFORMANCE; FLUOROMETRY AB Flow cytometry is used to measure the fluorescence intensity (FI) from labels bound to antigens present on the surface of T and B cells. The T and B cells are associated with the human adaptive immune system and the amounts of surface antigens, such as CD4, CD8, and CD20, are used for diagnostic purposes. To estimate the number of a specific antigen expressed on the surface, the cells are incubated in a solution containing antibodies specific to that antigen and the antibodies are conjugated to fluorophores that provide the fluorescence signals used to detect the presence of the antibodies on the cell surface. The fluorophore on the antibody, microsphere, or cell is called a label. The antibody gives biological specificity and the fluorophore provides a mechanism for readout. Quantitation of cytometer measurements is accomplished by the comparison of the fluorescence signal of labeled cells with the fluorescence signal of labeled reference microspheres. The fluorescence signals from labeled cells and labeled microspheres are converted to a fluorescence yield (FY) where FY is defined as the product of the number of fluorophores and the fluorophore quantum yield. The comparison of fluorescence provides the basis for an estimate of the number of molecules of equivalent soluble fluorophores (MESF) associated with the labels bound on the cell surface. A procedure is outlined for assigning MESF values to microspheres followed by a demonstration of the assignment of MESF values to microspheres with immobilized R-phycoerythrin. The MESF values are used to obtain an estimate of the antibodies bound to the cell (ABCe). The final step in the quantitation process is the conversion of the ABCe values to an estimate of the number of specific antigens on a surface of a cell. With proper care, the ABCe value may be a good indicator of the total number of specific antigens present on the cell surface. Examples are given of the determination of the number of CD4 and CD20 antigens on lymphocytes. The MESF quantitation strategy has been applied to the calibration of multicolor flow cytometers. C1 [Gaigalas, A. K.; Wang, Lili] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Lili] NIA, Lab Expt Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1617-1306 BN 978-3-540-70570-3 J9 SPRINGER SER FLUORES PY 2008 VL 06 BP 371 EP 398 DI 10.1007/4243_2008_042 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-70571-0 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJV84 UT WOS:000267284000014 ER PT S AU Holden, MJ Wang, LL AF Holden, Marcia J. Wang, Lili BE ReschGenger, U TI Quantitative Real-Time PCR: Fluorescent Probe Options and Issues SO STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS II: BIOANALYTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Fluorescence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE FRET; Hybridization probe; Molecular beacon; Real-time quantitative PCR; Scorpion primer; SYBR Green I; TaqMan probe ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SYBR-GREEN-I; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR BEACONS; SCORPION PRIMERS; RT-PCR; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; DNA AMPLIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION; VIRUS AB Fluorescence has played a vital role in the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA amplification. In qualitative PCR, an end point reaction, the amplified DNA, is visualized using DNA intercalating fluorescent dyes. Creative uses of nucleotide probes with fluorescent tags have been developed for real-time quantitative PCR. These probes take advantage of the behavior and properties of fluorophores. There are advantages and disadvantages to various probe types as well as design considerations. Attention to these issues will help in the development of robust and accurate DNA quantification using real-time PCR. C1 [Holden, Marcia J.; Wang, Lili] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Lili] NIA, Lab Expt Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Holden, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcia.holden@nist.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1617-1306 BN 978-3-540-70570-3 J9 SPRINGER SER FLUORES PY 2008 VL 06 BP 489 EP 508 DI 10.1007/4243_2008_046 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJV84 UT WOS:000267284000019 ER PT S AU Xiao, Y Barker, PE AF Xiao, Yan Barker, Peter E. BE ReschGenger, U TI Cellular Bioimaging in Fluorescent Cancer Biomarker Evaluation: Validation, Technologies and Standards Development SO STANDARDIZATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS II: BIOANALYTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series on Fluorescence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biomarker; Cancer; Fluorescence in-situ hybridization; HER2; Immunohistochemistry; Telomerase; Validation ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; SERUM PROTEOMICS; PROSTATE-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; QUANTUM DOTS; WORKSHOP; MICROSCOPY AB Here we summarize the approach to analytical validation of cellular cancer biomarkers visualized and quantified by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemical fluorescence methods. The value of cellular cancer biomarker analytes and the role of analysis of cellular heterogeneity is emphasized for FISH and fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC). Finally, the timing of cancer cell biomarker standards in the development of screening assays is discussed in light of our experience developing DNA probes and IgY avian antibodies for analysis of prostate cancer gene fusions and quantitative screening of the enzyme telomerase. C1 [Barker, Peter E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiao, Yan; Barker, Peter E.] SAIC, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Barker, PE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.barker@nist.gov NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1617-1306 BN 978-3-540-70570-3 J9 SPRINGER SER FLUORES PY 2008 VL 06 BP 511 EP 530 DI 10.1007/4243_2008_043 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJV84 UT WOS:000267284000020 ER PT S AU Piermarini, GJ AF Piermarini, Gasper J. BE Peiris, SM Piermarini, GJ TI Diamond Anvil Cell Techniques SO STATIC COMPRESSION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS SE Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; REACTION PHASE-DIAGRAM; HIGH-PRESSURE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; LIQUID NITROMETHANE; RAMAN-SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE; COMPRESSIBILITY C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Piermarini, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM GJPiermarini@aol.com NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-540-68146-5 J9 SHOCK WAVE HIGH PRES PY 2008 BP 1 EP 74 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9 PG 74 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BJZ02 UT WOS:000267477200001 ER PT S AU Ruiz-Hervias, J Luzin, V Prask, H Gnaeupel-Herold, T Elices, M AF Ruiz-Hervias, J. Luzin, V. Prask, H. Gnaeupel-Herold, T. Elices, M. BE Pyzalla, AR Borbely, A Degischer, HP TI Effect of varying cold-drawing deformation on residual stresses measured by neutron diffraction in steel rods SO STRESS EVALUATION IN MATERIALS USING NEUTRONS AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MECASENS 4th International Conference on Stress Evaluation using Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE residual stresses; neutron diffraction; x-ray diffraction (XRD); eutectoid steels; cold-drawing ID WIRES AB Cold-drawing is employed to fabricate wires and rods, which are mainly used as structural reinforcements in construction as well as in the tyre industry. As a consequence of processing, a residual stress profile is developed. In this paper, residual stress profiles are measured by neutron diffraction in cold-drawn pearlitic steel rods subjected to different deformations (true strain from 0.3 to 1.7). The results show that the residual stress profile produced by cold-drawing is similar in all the samples, irrespective of the degree of deformation. C1 [Ruiz-Hervias, J.; Elices, M.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dpto Ciencia Mat, Prof Aranguren S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Luzin, V.] ANSTO, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Prask, H.; Gnaeupel-Herold, T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ruiz-Hervias, J (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dpto Ciencia Mat, Prof Aranguren S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM jesus.ruiz@upm.es; vladimir.luzin@ansto.gov.au RI Elices, Manuel/F-7703-2016; OI Elices, Manuel/0000-0002-8204-1580; Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 FU The Spanish Ministry of Education (?Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte?) [MAT2002-04343, ENE2005-06478/CON]; Secretary of Statefor Education and Universities ("Secretaria de Estado de Educacion y Universidades"); (EMESA); UMEINPA; SEDUREC FX The Spanish Ministry of Education ("inisterio de Educacio, Cultura y Deporte") is gratefully acknowledged for supporting this research through the projects MAT2002-04343 and ENE2005-06478/CON and for the grant given to one of the authors (J. Ruiz-Hervias) by the Secretary of Statefor Education and Universities (?Secretaria de Estado de Educacion y Universidades?). The authors re also very grateful for the help of Mr. Luisdel Pozo (EMESA) for providing the material for this investigation. The present work was conducted within the framework provided by the projects UMEINPA, sponsored by the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain, and SEDUREC, integrated in the Spanish national research program CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2008 VL 571-572 BP 51 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BHR64 UT WOS:000255787100008 ER PT S AU Cundiff, ST Krausz, F Fuji, T AF Cundiff, Steven T. Krausz, Ferenc Fuji, Takao BE Brabec, T TI Carrier-Envelope Phase of Ultrashort Pulses SO STRONG FIELD LASER PHYSICS SE Springer Series in Optical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; ORDER HARMONIC-GENERATION; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; MICROSTRUCTURE OPTICAL-FIBERS; SINGLE-SHOT MEASUREMENT; LIGHT-PULSES; ATTOSECOND CONTROL; NONLINEAR OPTICS; OFFSET PHASE C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Krausz, Ferenc] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Krausz, Ferenc] Univ Munich, Chair Expt Phys, Munich, Germany. [Fuji, Takao] RIKEN, Chem Dynam Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu; ferenc.krausz@mpq.mpg.de; takaofuji@riken.jp RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0342-4111 BN 978-0-387-40077-8 J9 SPRINGER SER OPT SCI PY 2008 VL 134 BP 61 EP 89 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-34755-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-34755-4 PG 29 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BJM38 UT WOS:000266799800004 ER PT J AU Delaney, JK de la Rie, ER Elias, M Sung, LP Morales, KM AF Delaney, John K. de la Rie, E. Rene Elias, Mady Sung, Li-Piin Morales, Kathryn M. TI The Role of Varnishes in Modifying Light Reflection from Rough Surfaces A STUDY OF CHANGES IN LIGHT SCATTERING CAUSED BY VARIATIONS IN VARNISH TOPOGRAPHY AND DEVELOPMENT OF A DRYING MODEL SO STUDIES IN CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID ENGINEERING SURFACES; INFRARED SCATTERING; PAINTINGS AB To obtain a better understanding of the variations in the appearance of paintings brought about by different varnishes, their ability to form an optically smooth film over rough surfaces was studied using laser scanning confocal microscopy and stylus profilometry, as well as gloss and distinctness-of-image gloss measurements. Two different varnishes, one made with a low molecular weight resin and having low viscosity, and another, made with a polymer of high molecular weight and having high viscosity, were applied over glass plates that had been given surface roughness in the micrometer range. Measurement of the topography showed that the polymeric resin eliminated mid-to-high spatial frequency roughness of the ground glass but did not climinate roughness of lower spatial frequencies. The results are discussed in terms of the surface state of the varnish, using concepts such as root-mean-square roughness, total integrated scattering and the power spectral density. These observations indicate that both varnishes reduce the wide-angle light scattering by the rough substrates, but only the varnish made with the low molecular weight resin reduces the small-angle scattering about the specular reflection. This suggests that the smoothness of the varnished surface depends both on the molecular weight of the resin and on the spatial frequencies of the surface roughness of the surface beneath it. A model for the drying of varnishes is presented that takes the spatial frequency dependence into account. C1 [Delaney, John K.; de la Rie, E. Rene; Morales, Kathryn M.] Natl Gallery Art, Washington, DC 20565 USA. [Sung, Li-Piin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elias, Mady] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7588, Inst NanoSci Paris, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Delaney, JK (reprint author), 2000B S Club Dr, Landover, MD 20785 USA. EM j-delaney@nga.gov; r-delarie@nga.gov; elias@physique.univ-evry.fr; lipiin@nist.gov; k-morales@nga.gov FU Andrew W Mellon Foundation; National Gallery of Art; Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections, Paris; Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris FX The authors are grateful to the National Institute of Standards and Technology for making the laser scanning confocal microscope available for this study. Financial support came from the Andrew W Mellon Foundation, the National Gallery of Art, the Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections, Paris and the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT INST CONSERVATION HISTORIC ARTISTIC WORKS PI LONDON PA 6 BUCKINGHAM ST, LONDON WC2N 6BA, ENGLAND SN 0039-3630 J9 STUD CONSERV JI Stud. Conserv. PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 170 EP 186 PG 17 WC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 395LL UT WOS:000262525500003 ER PT B AU Liverman, D AF Liverman, Diana BE Shuckburgh, E TI Survival into the future SO SURVIVAL: THE SURVIVAL OF THE HUMAN RACE SE Darwin College Lectures LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE C1 [Liverman, Diana] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Liverman, Diana] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Liverman, Diana] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-71020-6 J9 DARWIN COLL LECT PY 2008 BP 205 EP 224 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYS02 UT WOS:000299938400009 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, M Janussen, D Reitner, J Collins, AG Worheide, G AF Dohrmann, Martin Janussen, Dorte Reitner, Joachim Collins, Allen G. Woerheide, Gert TI Phylogeny and evolution of glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida) SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bayes factors; data partitioning; Hexactinellida; metazoan; phylogeny; model comparison; Porifera; ribosomal DNA; RNA secondary structure ID PARTITIONED BAYESIAN ANALYSES; CANADIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CALCAREOUS SPONGES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SUBSTITUTION RATE; ANIMAL PHYLOGENY AB Reconstructing the phylogeny of sponges (Porifera) is one of the remaining challenges to resolve the metazoan Tree of Life and is a prerequisite for understanding early animal evolution. Molecular phylogenetic analyses for two of the three extant classes of the phylum, Demospongiae and Calcarea, are largely incongruent with traditional classifications, most likely because of a paucity of informative morphological characters and high levels of homoplasy. For the third class, Hexactinellida (glass sponges)-predominantly deep-sea inhabitants with unusual morphology and biology - we present the first molecular phylogeny, along with a cladistic analysis of morphological characters. We collected 18S, 28S, and mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of 34 glass sponge species from 27 genera, 9 families, and 3 orders and conducted partitioned Bayesian analyses using RNA secondary structure-specific substitution models (paired-sites models) for stem regions. Bayes factor comparisons of different paired-sites models against each other and conventional (independent-sites) models revealed a significantly better fit of the former but, contrary to previous predictions, the least parameter-rich of the tested paired-sites models provided the best fit to our data. In contrast to Demospongiae and Calcarea, our rDNA phylogeny agrees well with the traditional classification and a previously proposed phylogenetic system, which we ascribe to a more informative morphology in Hexactinellida. We find high support for a close relationship of glass sponges and Demospongiae sensu stricto, though the latter may be paraphyletic with respect to Hexactinellida. Homoscleromorpha appears to be the sister group of Calcarea. Contrary to most previous findings from rDNA, we recover Porifera as monophyletic, although support for this clade is low under paired-sites models. C1 [Dohrmann, Martin; Reitner, Joachim; Woerheide, Gert] Univ Gottingen, GZG, Abt Geobiol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Janussen, Dorte] Forschungsinst Senckenberg, Sekt Marine Evertebraten 1, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Dohrmann, M (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, GZG, Abt Geobiol, Goldschmidtstr 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM gert.woerheide@geo.uni-goettingen.de RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Worheide, Gert/C-1080-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Worheide, Gert/0000-0002-6380-7421 NR 120 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 388 EP 405 DI 10.1080/10635150802161088 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 314VF UT WOS:000256836600005 PM 18570034 ER PT S AU Neira, JE Rice, JP Amon, FK AF Neira, Jorge E. Rice, Joseph P. Amon, Francine K. BE Murrer, RL TI Development of infrared scene projectors for testing fire-fighter cameras - art. no. 694207 SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XIII CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; projector; camera; fire-fighter; thermal; imaging; diffraction; micromirrors; HWIL AB We have developed two types of infrared scene projectors for hardware-in-the-loop testing of thermal imaging cameras such as those used by fire-fighters. In one, direct projection, images are projected directly into the camera. In the other, indirect projection, images are projected onto a diffuse screen, which is then viewed by the camera. Both projectors use a digital micromirror array as the spatial light modulator, in the form of a Micromirror Array Projection System (MAPS) engine having resolution of 800 x 600 with mirrors on a 17 micrometer pitch, aluminum-coated mirrors, and a ZnSe protective window. Fire-fighter cameras are often based upon uncooled microbolometer arrays and typically have resolutions of 320 x 240 or lower. For direct projection, we use an argon-arc source, which provides spectral radiance equivalent to a 10,000 Kelvin blackbody over the 7 micrometer to 14 micrometer wavelength range, to illuminate the micromirror array. For indirect projection, an expanded 4 watt CO2 laser beam at a wavelength of 10.6 micrometers illuminates the micromirror array and the scene formed by the first-order diffracted light from the array is projected onto a diffuse aluminum screen. In both projectors, a well-calibrated reference camera is used to provide non-uniformity correction and brightness calibration of the projected scenes, and the fire-fighter cameras alternately view the same scenes. In this paper, we compare the two methods for this application and report on our quantitative results. Indirect projection has an advantage of being able to more easily fill the wide field of view of the fire-fighter cameras, which typically is about 50 degrees. Direct projection more efficiently utilizes the available light, which will become important in emerging multispectral and hyperspectral applications. C1 [Neira, Jorge E.; Rice, Joseph P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rice, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7133-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6942 BP 94207 EP 94207 DI 10.1117/12.777320 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BHW94 UT WOS:000257113800006 ER PT J AU Wei, MZ Toth, Z Wobus, R Zhu, YJ AF Wei, Mozheng Toth, Zoltan Wobus, Richard Zhu, Yuejian TI Initial perturbations based on the ensemble transform (ET) technique in the NCEP global operational forecast system SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; SINGULAR VECTORS; ECONOMIC VALUE; ECMWF; CENTERS; MODEL AB Since modern data assimilation (DA) involves the repetitive use of dynamical forecasts, errors in analyses share characteristics of those in short-range forecasts. Initial conditions for an ensemble prediction/forecast system (EPS or EFS) are expected to sample uncertainty in the analysis field. Ensemble forecasts with such initial conditions can therefore (a) be fed back to DA to reduce analysis uncertainty, as well as (b) sample forecast uncertainty related to initial conditions. Optimum performance of both DA and EFS requires a careful choice of initial ensemble perturbations. DA can be improved with an EFS that represents the dynamically conditioned part of forecast error covariance as accurately as possible, while an EFS can be improved by initial perturbations reflecting analysis error variance. Initial perturbation generation schemes that dynamically cycle ensemble perturbations reminiscent to how forecast errors are cycled in DA schemes may offer consistency between DA and EFS, and good performance for both. In this paper, we introduce an EFS based on the initial perturbations that are generated by the Ensemble Transform (ET) and ET with rescaling (ETR) methods to achieve this goal. Both ET and ETR are generalizations of the breeding method (BM). The results from ensemble systems based on BM, ET, ETR and the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) method are experimentally compared in the context of ensemble forecast performance. Initial perturbations are centred around a 3D-VAR analysis, with a variance equal to that of estimated analysis errors. Of the four methods, the ETR method performed best in most probabilistic scores and in terms of the forecast error explained by the perturbations. All methods display very high time consistency between the analysis and forecast perturbations. It is expected that DA performance can be improved by the use of forecast error covariance from a dynamically cycled ensemble either with a variational DA approach (coupled with an ETR generation scheme), or with an ETKF-type DA scheme. C1 [Wei, Mozheng; Toth, Zoltan; Wobus, Richard; Zhu, Yuejian] SAIC, NOAA, NWS, NCEP,Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wei, MZ (reprint author), SAIC, NOAA, NWS, NCEP,Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM mozheng.wei@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 43 TC 124 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 9 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1 BP 62 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00273.x PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 244JZ UT WOS:000251863500005 ER PT S AU Gerecht, E You, LX AF Gerecht, Eyal You, Lixing BE Linden, KJ Sadwick, LP TI Terahertz imaging and spectroscopy based on hot electron bolometer (HEB) heterodyne detection - art. no. 689308 SO TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Technology and Applications CY JAN 23-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE terahertz imaging; terahertz spectroscopy; terahertz receivers; hot electron bolometers; heterodyne detectors; superconducting devices; quasi-optical systems; focal plane arrays AB Imaging and spectroscopy at terahertz frequencies have great potential for healthcare, plasma diagnostics, and homeland security applications. Terahertz frequencies correspond to energy level transitions of important molecules in biology and astrophysics. Terahertz radiation (T-rays) can penetrate clothing and, to some extent, can also penetrate biological materials. Because of their shorter wavelengths, they offer higher spatial resolution than do microwaves or millimeter waves. We are developing hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer receivers for heterodyne detection at terahertz frequencies. HEB detectors provide unprecedented sensitivity and spectral resolution at terahertz frequencies. We describe the development of a two-pixel focal plane array (FPA) based on HEB technology. Furthermore, we have demonstrated a fully automated, two-dimensional scanning, passive imaging system based on our HEB technology operating at 0.85 THz. Our high spectral resolution terahertz imager has a total system noise equivalent temperature difference (NEAT) value of better than 0.5 K and a spatial resolution of a few millimeters. HEB technology is becoming the basis for advanced terahertz imaging and spectroscopic technologies for the study of biological and chemical agents over the entire terahertz spectrum. C1 [Gerecht, Eyal; You, Lixing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gerecht, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI You, Lixing/C-3147-2009 OI You, Lixing/0000-0001-7304-0474 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7068-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6893 BP 89308 EP 89308 DI 10.1117/12.763723 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHO14 UT WOS:000254732000006 ER PT B AU Kerber, F Seifahrt, A Bristow, P Nave, G Kaufl, HU Rosa, MR Sansonetti, CJ Siebenmorgen, R Smette, A AF Kerber, F. Seifahrt, A. Bristow, P. Nave, G. Kaeufl, H. U. Rosa, M. R. Sansonetti, C. J. Siebenmorgen, R. Smette, A. BE Kaufer, A Kerber, F TI Calibration sources for CRIRES SO THE 2007 ESO INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION WORKSHOP SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ESO Instrument Calibration Workshop CY JAN 23-26, 2007 CL Garching, GERMANY SP ESO ID SPECTRUM; VLT; OH AB We report on our efforts to provide high accuracy wavelength calibration to the scientific observations with the Cryogenic High-Resolution IR Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES), ESO's new high resolution (R approximate to 100,000) infrared (IR) spectrograph at the VLT. In order to provide reliable and accurate wavelength standards for MIRES the European Southern Observatory (ESO), in collaboration with the Space Telescope European Co-ordinating Facility (ST-ECF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), embarked on a project to establish Th-Ar wavelength standards in the 950 nm to 5000 nm operating range of MIRES. In addition, and for use at wavelengths larger than 2200 nm, we have established a gas cell filled with N2O as a calibration source based on existing data from NIST. Both sources were extensively tested during MIRES commissioning runs and both are now being used for routine operations of the instrument. C1 [Kerber, F.; Seifahrt, A.; Bristow, P.; Kaeufl, H. U.; Siebenmorgen, R.] ESO, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Nave, G.; Sansonetti, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rosa, M. R.] Space Telescope European Coordinat Fac, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Smette, A.] ESO, Santiago, Chile. RP Kerber, F (reprint author), ESO, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM fkerber@eso.org NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76962-0 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 397 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76963-7_53 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHW11 UT WOS:000256954700053 ER PT S AU Zarr, RR AF Zarr, R. R. BE Koenig, JR Ban, H TI Status of NIST Thermal Insulation Reference Materials SO THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 29: THERMAL EXPANSION 17 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 29th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/17th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY JUN 24-27, 2007 CL SE Res Inst, Birmingham, AL SP Univ Alabama Birmingham HO SE Res Inst ID HOT-PLATE APPARATUS; EXTENDED TEMPERATURE-RANGE AB The current status of thermal insulation reference materials at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is presented. This paper describes an ongoing thermal insulation measurement program that provides the public with Calibrated Transfer Specimens (CTS) and Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). The main distinction between these two types of reference materials is that a transfer specimen is measured individually in a guarded-hot-plate apparatus. Consequently, the value assignment and uncertainty is based on the individual measurement data for each material specimen. In contrast, a thermal insulation SRM is a batch of homogeneous material. The value assignment and uncertainty are based on the statistical characterization of a homogeneous lot of material as represented by selected samples from the lot. The paper summarizes a brief history of the thermal insulation measurement program and describes both reference materials, their current status, as well as the future outlook of the program. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8632, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 978-1-932078-72-5 J9 THERM COND PY 2008 VL 29 BP 120 EP 128 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BIT68 UT WOS:000262630300008 ER PT S AU Harikuttan, UC Dhanya, I Predeep, P AF Harikuttan, Unnithan. C. Dhanya, I Predeep, P. BE Predeep, P Prasanth, S Prasad, AS TI Investigation of ionic character of alkali oxide glasses SO THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Conference on Thermophysical Properties (NCTP 07) CY SEP 20-23, 2007 CL Kollam, INDIA SP Thermophys Soc India, Sree Narayana Coll, Condensed Matter Phys Lab, Ctr Advanced Sci Res, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Dept Sci & Technol, New Delhi, Board Res Nucl Sci, Mumbai, Kerala State Council Sci, Technol Environm, Indian Natl Sci Acad AB The relations between the electro negativity difference of alkali oxide glasses X-O (X= Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) and the ionic character of the bonds are discussed in detail. The ionic character studies on alkali oxide glasses using Pauling's equation, Hamay & Smyth relation and that of Gordy show that the ionic nature of alkali metals are controlled by the oxygen linkage and they posses Fractional Ionic Character (FIC). A comparative study on alkali oxide glasses is made using above three relations. The percentage of ionic character gives a clear idea about the colour of glass system. Further the packing fraction (PF) of Li-O and Na-O glasses show a structural change due to covalent packing while the other oxide glasses have almost similar range of PF of molecules having ionic bonds which arc suitable for wide application in semiconductor technology. C1 [Harikuttan, Unnithan. C.; Dhanya, I] DB Coll, Solid State Phys Lab, Kollam 690521, Kerala, India. [Predeep, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Sci & Human, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Harikuttan, UC (reprint author), DB Coll, Solid State Phys Lab, Kollam 690521, Kerala, India. FU Kerala State Council for Science, Technology & Environment, Government of Kerala FX Sincere thanks to Kerala State Council for Science, Technology & Environment, Government of Kerala for financial support to this project. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0523-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 254 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHR14 UT WOS:000255591500045 ER PT S AU Hollandt, J Struss, O Beynon, G Bosma, R Gaertner, R Girard, F Matveyev, MS McEvoy, HC Peacock, GR Sadli, M Sakuma, F Yoon, HW Yuan, Z AF Hollandt, J. Struss, O. Beynon, G. Bosma, R. Gaertner, R. Girard, F. Matveyev, M. S. McEvoy, H. C. Peacock, G. R. Sadli, M. Sakuma, F. Yoon, H. W. Yuan, Z. BE Vavilov, VP Burleigh, DD TI IEC 62942-1 TS: First international technical specification on the technical data for radiation thermometers SO THERMOSENSE XXX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXX CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE radiation thermometer; international standard; IEC; temperature; field-of-view; size-of source; metrological data; definitions AB The Technical Specification IEC 62492-1 TS: Industrial process control devices - Radiation thermometers Part l: Technical data for radiation thermometers will define the technical data, i.e. metrological data, to be given in data sheets and operating instructions for radiation thermometers with one wavelength range and one measurement field. It has been developed within the working group IEC SC 65B WG5 "Temperature Sensors". The content and structure of the IEC 62492-1 TS is briefly explained and an outlook on further work on radiation thermometry planned within the IEC SC 65B WG5 is given. C1 [Hollandt, J.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. [Struss, O.] Heitron Infrarot Messtech GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany. [Beynon, G.] Land Instruments Int, Dronfield, England. [Bosma, R.] NMi Van Swinden Lab BV, Delft, Netherlands. [Gaertner, R.] Raytek GmbH, Berlin, Germany. [Girard, F.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrolog, Turin, Italy. [Matveyev, M. S.] DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol, St Petersburg, Russia. [McEvoy, H. C.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington, Middx, England. [Peacock, G. R.] Temp Com Inc, Southampton, PA USA. [Sadli, M.] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais INM CNAM, Saint Denis, France. [Sakuma, F.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Yoon, H. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Yuan, Z.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hollandt, J (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. RI Hollandt, Jorg/A-2124-2014; OI Sadli, Mohamed/0000-0001-8792-4115 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7130-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6939 DI 10.1117/12.792390 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BHW24 UT WOS:000256995100005 ER PT J AU Watters, GM Bessey, C AF Watters, George M. Bessey, Cindy TI Variation in the probability that male coho salmon will mature early: Inferences from hierarchical models SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; MARINE SURVIVAL; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRESH-WATER; GROWTH; AGE; VARIABILITY; MATURATION; VARIANCE; RELEASE AB We fitted hierarchical Bayesian models to coded wire tag data and studied the variation in the probability that male coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch released at 72 locations in 41 basins and 8 regions mature early. We used data from at least 10 cohorts at each location; therefore, our analysis was both spatially and temporally more extensive than those conducted previously. We accounted for variation in the log-odds of early maturation with (1) mean smolt weight, (2) covariates (developed specifically for this paper) that indexed marine environmental conditions during the first few months after out-migration, and (3) hierarchical means that identified each cohort's release location, basin, and region. There was posterior support for location-specific effects of smolt size on the probability of early maturation across the geographic range of this species, but not for location-specific marine environmental effects. Nevertheless, substantial residual variation remained from our final analysis; we argue that this variation can be attributed to environmental effects that were not detected here. The spatial variation in the probability of early maturation was dominated by region-level differences in freshwater rearing conditions, as evidenced by positive relationships between mean smolt weight and the expected log-odds of early maturation at all levels in the geographic hierarchy. We identified more than one such relationship, and the differences between the center and the edges of the geographic range are considered here. Ultimately, since we defined regions on the basis of existing evolutionarily significant units for coho salmon, our results further support the use of these units for management and conservation purposes. C1 [Watters, George M.; Bessey, Cindy] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Watters, GM (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM george.watters@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 70 EP 95 DI 10.1577/T06-101.1 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600007 ER PT J AU Hayes, SA Bond, MH Hanson, CV Freund, EV Smith, JJ Anderson, EC Ammann, AJ Macfarlane, RB AF Hayes, Sean A. Bond, Morgan H. Hanson, Chad V. Freund, Ellen V. Smith, Jerry. J. Anderson, Eric C. Ammann, Arnold J. Macfarlane, R. Bruce TI Steelhead growth in a small central California watershed: Upstream and estuarine rearing patterns SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; FOOD CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; RATION LEVEL; RIVER; GAIRDNERI; STREAM AB We monitored growth and life history pathways of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and compared growth rates between the upper watershed and estuary in Scott Creek, a typical California coastal stream. Growth in the upper watershed was approximately linear from May to December for age-0 fish. For passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged, age-1+ fish, growth transitioned to a cyclic pattern, peaking at 0.2% per day during February-April, when maximum flows and temperatures of 7-12 degrees C occurred. Growth of PIT-tagged fish then slowed during August-September (0.01% per day), when temperatures were 14-18 degrees C and flows were low. During each spring, smolts (mean fork length [FL] +/- SE = 98.0 +/- 1.2 mm) and fry migrated to the estuary; some fish remained there during summer-fall as low flows and waves resulted in seasonal sandbar formation, which created a warm lagoon and restricted access to the ocean. Growth in the estuary-lagoon was much higher (0.2-0.8% per day at 15-24 degrees C). Our data suggest the existence of three juvenile life history pathways: upper-watershed rearing, estuary-lagoon rearing, and combined upper-watershed and estuary-lagoon rearing. We present a model based upon the above data that reports size at age for each juvenile life history type. The majority of fish reaching typical steelhead ocean entry sizes (similar to 150-250 mm FL; age 0.8-3.0) were estuary-lagoon reared, which indicates a disproportionate contribution of this habitat type to survival of Scott Creek steelhead. In contrast, steelhead from higher latitudes rear in tributaries during summer, taking several years to attain ocean entry size. C1 [Hayes, Sean A.; Bond, Morgan H.; Hanson, Chad V.; Freund, Ellen V.; Anderson, Eric C.; Ammann, Arnold J.; Macfarlane, R. Bruce] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atomospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Smith, Jerry. J.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Hayes, SA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atomospher Adm, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sean.hayes@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1577/T07-043.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600010 ER PT J AU Lindley, ST Moser, ML Erickson, DL Belchik, M Welch, DW Rechisky, EL Kelly, JT Heublein, J Klimley, AP AF Lindley, Steven T. Moser, Mary L. Erickson, Daniel L. Belchik, Michael Welch, David W. Rechisky, Erin L. Kelly, John T. Heublein, Joseph Klimley, A. Peter TI Marine migration of North American green sturgeon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; CANADIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; LIFE-HISTORY; ROGUE RIVER; HABITAT USE; CALIFORNIA AB An understanding of the distribution of North American green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in coastal waters is crucial to minimize impacts on this vulnerable species from various fisheries. To determine migratory patterns, we tagged 213 subadult and adult green sturgeon in spawning rivers and summer aggregation areas with uniquely coded ultrasonic pingers and observed their coastal movements with arrays of automated hydrophones deployed along the West Coast of North America from southeast Alaska to Monterey Bay, California. Green sturgeon exhibited an annual migration along the continental shelf from U.S. to Canadian waters in the fall and an apparent return migration in the spring. Peak migration rates exceeded 50 km/d during the springtime southward migration. Large numbers of green sturgeon were detected near Brooks Peninsula on northwest Vancouver Island, British Columbia, during May-June and October-November. A single fish was detected in southeast Alaska in December. This pattern of detections suggests that important overwintering grounds may be north of Vancouver Island and south of Cape Spencer, Alaska. A high frequency of detection allowed us to estimate that annual survival of tagged green sturgeon was 0.83 in 2004. The rapid, frequent long-distance migrations by these fish may make them vulnerable to bycatch in bottom trawl fisheries on the shelf waters of western North America. C1 [Lindley, Steven T.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmosper Adm, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Moser, Mary L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmosper Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Erickson, Daniel L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Belchik, Michael] Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program, Wetchpec, CA 95546 USA. [Rechisky, Erin L.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kelly, John T.; Heublein, Joseph; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lindley, ST (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmosper Adm, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM steve.lindley@noaa.gov RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014 OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411 NR 60 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1577/T07-055.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600015 ER PT J AU Rose, KA Megrey, BA Hay, D Werner, F Schweigert, J AF Rose, Kenneth A. Megrey, Bernard A. Hay, Douglas Werner, Francisco Schweigert, Jake TI Climate regime effects on Pacific herring growth using coupled nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton and bioenergetics models SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Perspectives in Fish Energetics - A Return to Academic Nursery Grounds CY 2004 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; CLUPEA-HARENGUS-PALLASI; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BERING-SEA; WEST-COAST; FISH; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY AB We used a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ) model coupled to a fish bioenergetics model to simulate the weight-at-age responses of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii to climate regimes. The NPZ model represents the daily dynamics of the lower trophic levels by simulating the uptake and recycling dynamics of nitrogen and silicon and the photosynthesis and grazing interactions of multiple functional groups of phytoplankton and zooplankton. The bioenergetics model simulates the number and mean weight of Pacific herring for each of 10 age-classes. Three zooplankton groups simulated in the NPZ model provide estimates of the prey used to determine the consumption component of the herring bioenergetics model. We used a spawner-recruit relationship to estimate the number of new age-1 individuals joining the herring population every year. The coupled models were applied to the coastal upwelling area off the west coast of Vancouver Island. Model simulations were performed to isolate the effects of each of four documented climate regimes on Pacific herring weights at age. The climate regimes differed in the environmental variables used in the spawner-recruit relationship as well as in the water temperature, mixed-layer depth, and nutrient influxing rate used by the NPZ model. In agreement with general opinion and with the Pacific herring data from the west coast of Vancouver Island, the model-predicted estimates of weight at age, recruitment, and spawning stock biomass were highest in regime 1 (1962-1976), intermediate in regime 2 (1977-1988), and lowest in regime 3 (1989-1999). Insufficient time has passed to adequately document the conditions and herring responses in regime 4 (1998-2002). The overall regime effect on weights at age was a mix of recruitment effects and lower trophic level effects that varied in direction and magnitude among the four regimes. Coupling bioenergetics models to physics and food web models is the next challenge in understanding and forecasting how climate change will affect fish growth and population dynamics. C1 [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceang & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Megrey, Bernard A.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hay, Douglas; Schweigert, Jake] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. [Werner, Francisco] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Rose, KA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceang & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM karose@lsu.edu NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1 BP 278 EP 297 DI 10.1577/T05-152.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 274YV UT WOS:000254039600024 ER PT J AU Azari, H Mohseni, A Gibson, N AF Azari, Haleh Mohseni, Alaeddin Gibson, Nelson TI Verification of Rutting Predictions from Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide by Use of Accelerated Loading Facility Data SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB As a part of FHWA's Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF) experiment, asphalt pavement lanes were built with six different asphalt binder types and two different thicknesses and were tested for rutting and fatigue cracking. Loose asphalt mixtures were taken from each lane at the time of construction and compacted in the laboratory. These plant-produced specimens compacted in the laboratory and other laboratory-produced specimens were subjected to dynamic modulus and flow number tests with a simple performance tester (SPT). Field rutting measurements of the ALF lanes were conducted during and after the loading. A good agreement between the permanent strains measured by the flow number test and the ALF rutting measurements was observed for the initial rutting. The rutting of asphalt mixture layers of the ALF lanes was also predicted by using Level 1 and Level 3 analyses with Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) software by using the detailed data that were available for the ALF lanes. Comparison of the predicted rutting with the rutting measured on the ALF indicated that the rutting predicted by Level 3 analysis with MEPDG software, based on the asphalt stiffness equation, agreed somewhat with the actual rutting on the ALF lanes. However, the rutting predicted by Level 1 analysis, based on the actual SPT-measured dynamic modulus, significantly over-predicted the amount of rutting. The NCHRP Project 1-37A permanent deformation prediction models used in MEPDG software were also used separately to predict the rutting of the ALF lanes by using the predicted and the measured stiffness values. Results similar to those obtained by Level 1 and Level 3 analyses with MEPDG software were obtained. The overprediction of rutting by Level 1 analysis with MEPDG software may be related to the calibration of the NCHRP Project 1-37A permanent deformation equation. The model seems to have been calibrated by using the stiffness predicted from the NCHRP Project 1-37A equation, which is proven to overpredict stiffness at high temperatures, rather than the tested SPT stiffness and, thus, can provide reasonable rutting estimates only for Level 3 analyses (by use of the predicted stiffness). C1 [Azari, Haleh] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, AASHTO Mat Reference Lab, Res Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mohseni, Alaeddin] PaveSys Inc, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Gibson, Nelson] FHWA, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Azari, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, AASHTO Mat Reference Lab, Res Program, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8619, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hazari@amrl.net NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2008 IS 2057 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.3141/2057-19 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 377CK UT WOS:000261229100020 ER PT J AU Guevremont, JM Guinther, GH Szemenyei, D Devlin, MT Jao, TC Jaye, C Woicik, J Fischer, DA AF Guevremont, Jeffrey M. Guinther, Gregory H. Szemenyei, Dewey Devlin, Mark T. Jao, Tze-Chi Jaye, Cherno Woicik, Joseph Fischer, Daniel A. TI Enhancement of engine oil wear and friction control performance through titanium additive chemistry SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE antiwear; friction modifying; titanium; barrier films; NEXAFS ID ANTIWEAR; OXIDE; ZDDP AB Traditionally, wear protection and friction modification by engine oil is provided by zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP) or other phosphorus compounds. These additives provide effective wear protection and friction control on engine parts through formation of a glassy polyphosphate antiwear film. However, the deposition of phosphorus species on automotive catalytic converters from lubricants has been known for some time to have a detrimental effect of poisoning the catalysts. To mitigate the situation, the industry has been making every effort to find ZDDP-replacement additives that are friendly to catalysts. Toward this goal we have investigated a titanium additive chemistry as a ZDDP replacement. Fully formulated engine oils incorporating this additive component have been found to be effective in reducing wear and controlling friction in a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR), 4-ball bench wear, Sequence IIIG, and Sequence IVA engine tests. Surface analysis of the tested parts by Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have shown that Ti species have been incorporated into the wear tracks and can only be found on the wear tracks. We used synchrotron based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) to investigate the chemical bonding mechanism of the Ti additive with the metal surface that affects the wear improvement mechanism. We postulate that Ti provides antiwear enhancement through inclusion in the metal/metal oxide structure of the ferrous surface by forming FeTiO3. C1 [Guevremont, Jeffrey M.; Guinther, Gregory H.; Szemenyei, Dewey; Devlin, Mark T.; Jao, Tze-Chi] Afton Chem Corp, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Woicik, Joseph; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guevremont, JM (reprint author), Afton Chem Corp, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1080/10402000701772595 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 317ZD UT WOS:000257058100010 ER PT S AU Balakirsky, S Madhavan, R Scrapper, C AF Balakirsky, Stephen Madhavan, Raj Scrapper, Christopher BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoesmaker, CM TI Development of a virtual manufacturing framework: From end-user performance requirements to robot competitions SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology X CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE robot competition; simulation; manufacturing; Automated Guided Vehicle; performance metrics AB This paper presents the motivation behind the new joint NIST/IEEE Virtual Manufacturing Automation Competition (VMAC). This competition strives to take the Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) user community driven requirements and turn them into a low-entry-barrier competition. The objectives, scoring, performance metrics, and operation of the competition are explained. In addition, the entry-barrier lowering infrastructure that is provided to competitors is presented. C1 [Balakirsky, Stephen; Madhavan, Raj; Scrapper, Christopher] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7153-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6962 AR 69621O DI 10.1117/12.779302 PG 9 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY01 UT WOS:000257316300050 ER PT S AU Kootbally, Z Schlenoff, C Madhavan, R Foufou, S AF Kootbally, Z. Schlenoff, C. Madhavan, R. Foufou, S. BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoesmaker, CM TI Performance evaluation of cost-based vs. fuzzy-logic-based prediction approaches in PRIDE SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology X CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE 4D/RCS; autonomous vehicles; cost-based approach; fuzzy-logic-based approach; fuzzy sets; fuzzy control; moving object prediction; PRIDE AB PRIDE (PRediction In Dynamic Environments) is a hierarchical multi-resolutional framework for moving object prediction. PRIDE incorporates multiple prediction algorithms into a single, unifying framework. To date, we have applied this framework to predict the future location of autonomous vehicles during on-road driving. In this paper, we describe two different approaches to compute long-term predictions (on the order of seconds into the future) within PRIDE. The first is a cost-based approach that uses a discretized set of vehicle motions and costs associated with states and actions to compute probabilities of vehicle motion. The cost-based approach is the first prediction approach we have been using within PRIDE. The second is a fuzzy-logic-based approach that deals with the pervasive presence of uncertainty in the environment to negotiate complex traffic situations. Using the high-fidelity physics-based framework for the Unified System for Automation and Robot Simulation (USARSim), we will compare the performance of the two approaches in different driving situations at traffic intersections. Consequently, we will show how the two approaches complement each other and how their combination performs better than the cost-based approach only. C1 [Kootbally, Z.; Schlenoff, C.; Madhavan, R.; Foufou, S.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kootbally, Z (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zeid.kootbally@nist.gov; craig.schlenoff@nist.gov; raj.madhavan@ieee.org; sfoufou@u-bourgogne.fr RI Foufou, Sebti/E-2081-2015 OI Foufou, Sebti/0000-0002-3555-9125 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7153-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6962 AR 69621Q DI 10.1117/12.779601 PG 12 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY01 UT WOS:000257316300052 ER PT S AU Scrapper, C Madhavan, R Balakirsky, S AF Scrapper, Chris Madhavan, Raj Balakirsky, Stephen BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoesmaker, CM TI Performance analysis for stable mobile robot navigation solutions SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology X CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE navigation solutions; scan-matching; ICP; performance analysis; performance evaluation ID REGISTRATION AB Robot navigation in complex, dynamic and unstructured environments demands robust mapping and localization solutions. One of the most popular methods in recent years has been the use of scan-matching schemes where temporally correlated sensor data sets are registered for obtaining a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) navigation solution. The primary bottleneck of such scan-matching schemes is correspondence determination, i.e. associating a feature (structure) in one dataset to its counterpart in the other. Outliers, occlusions, and sensor noise complicate the determination of reliable correspondences. This paper describes testing scenarios being developed at NIST to analyze the performance of scan-matching algorithms. This analysis is critical for the development of practical SLAM algorithms in various application domains where sensor payload, wheel slippage, and power constraints impose severe restrictions. We will present results using a high-fidelity simulation testbed, the Unified System for Automation and Robot Simulation (USARSim). C1 [Scrapper, Chris; Madhavan, Raj; Balakirsky, Stephen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scrapper, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.scrapper@nist.gov; raj.madhavan@nist.gov; stephen.balakirsky@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7153-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6962 AR 696206 DI 10.1117/12.780022 PG 12 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY01 UT WOS:000257316300005 ER PT S AU Wang, YM Roman, DR Saleh, J AF Wang, Y. M. Roman, D. R. Saleh, J. BE Xu, P Liu, J Dermanis, A TI Analytical Downward and Upward Continuation Based on the Method of Domain Decomposition and Local Functions SO VI HOTINE-MARUSSI SYMPOSIUM ON THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL GEODESY SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEODESY SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Theoretical and Computational Geodesy CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Intercommiss Comm Theory, Int Assoc Geodesy, Wuhan Univ DE Poisson integral; harmonic continuation; local functions; 3-D Fourier series and domain decomposition AB Upward and downward continuation of gravity anomalies are usually based on the Poisson integral and its iteration. By using the method of domain decomposition. a local function can be used for upward and downward continuation of gravity data. This approach decomposes the total area into small domains, and uses local functions to model the disturbing potential within each of these domains. One appropriate set of local functions. used in this paper. is the 3-D Fourier series. The results of the domain decomposition approach are compared to the Poisson integral for upward continuation in a flat area (to avoid large topographic effect) and downward continuation in a rough area in the Rocky Mountains. The data consist of 1' x 1' grid of NGS' surface gravity over the conterminous US (CONUS). In addition, INTERMAP's airborne gravity tracks in the Baltic more area arc used to validate the upward continuation results of the two methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the local functions versus the Poisson integral approach are discussed. C1 [Wang, Y. M.; Roman, D. R.; Saleh, J.] Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-540-74583-9 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2008 VL 132 BP 356 EP 360 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BIK98 UT WOS:000260449900058 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJR Oshida, PS Buchman, M Ginn, T Donnelly, R AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Buchman, Michael Ginn, Thomas Donnelly, Robert TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRESTIGE OIL-SPILL; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; POLYCHAETE HYDROIDS-ELEGANS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; COPEPOD CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT C1 [Mearns, Alan J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Buchman, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Assessment & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Donnelly, Robert] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 283 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 25 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2008 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1918 EP 1979 DI 10.2175/106143008X328860 PG 62 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 375QM UT WOS:000261128400036 ER PT S AU Souryal, MR You, HQ AF Souryal, Michael R. You, Huiqing GP IEEE TI Quantize-and-forward relaying with M-ary phase shift keying SO WCNC 2008: IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; PROTOCOLS AB Using cooperative transmission, two or more single-antenna users can share their antennas to achieve spatial diversity in a slow fading channel. One relaying protocol that achieves diversity, amplify-and-forward (AF), is striking in its simplicity, but prior analysis has been concerned with an idealized version or AF. In practice, the signal received by the relay must be quantized and stored in finite memory before retransmission. This paper examines a quantize-and-forward (QF) relaying approach that is amenable to implementation on resource-constrained relays. We describe QF relaying with M-ary phase shift keying (PSK) and derive the maximum likelihood-based soft-decision metric for this scheme. When each M-PSK channel symbol is quantized with q bits at the relay, simulation results show that quantizing with q = 1 + log(2) M bits (i.e., only one extra bit per symbol) provides comparable performance in Rayleigh fading to the idealized (unquantized) AF protocol as well as to an adaptive decode-and-forward protocol at frame error rates of practical interest. Furthermore, this performance is achieved without requiring channel decoding or channel state information at the relay (i.e., using only non-coherent detection at the relay). The proposed QF scheme allows the use of resource-limited relays (with low processing power and low memory) to achieve cooperative diversity. C1 [Souryal, Michael R.; You, Huiqing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM souryal@nist.gov; hyou@nist.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4244-1996-8 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2008 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1109/WCNC.2008.13 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIG93 UT WOS:000259411100008 ER PT S AU Neekzad, B Sayrafian-Pour, K Baras, JS AF Neekzad, Behnam Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Baras, John S. GP IEEE TI Clustering characteristics of millimeter wave indoor channels SO WCNC 2008: IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE DE channel characterization; millimeter wave propagation; temporal-angular clustering AB Temporal-Angular channel sounding measurements of an indoor millimeter wave channel (60 GHz) is analyzed to determine whether ray arrivals at the receiver form clusters in the two-dimensional time-angle space. The channel behavior and cluster energy distribution for directional antennas (with various 3dB beamwidths) at the transmitter are discussed. Geometric interpretation of the results is also provided. C1 [Neekzad, Behnam; Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Neekzad, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4244-1996-8 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2008 BP 1217 EP + DI 10.1109/WCNC.2008.219 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIG93 UT WOS:000259411100214 ER PT J AU Laake, J Guenzel, RJ Bengtson, JL Boveng, P Cameron, M Hanson, MB AF Laake, Jeff Guenzel, Richard J. Bengtson, John L. Boveng, Peter Cameron, Michael Hanson, M. Bradley TI Coping with variation in aerial survey protocol for line-transect sampling SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VISIBILITY BIAS AB Altitude and flight speed affect detection probability and they typically vary during the course of most aerial surveys. We demonstrate how these sources of variation can be accommodated with covariates in a line-transect analysis using data from a pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) survey in Wyoming and a survey of Antarctic ice seals (Lobodon carcinophaga, Leptonychotes weddellii, Hydrurga leptonyx, Ommatophoca rossii). We also show how the likelihood for binned distance data can be modified to allow for variation in altitude. As an alternative, we develop an estimator for aerial line-transect sampling based on vertical angles rather than distance. With a small simulation study, we show that our estimators are unbiased and are preferable to using biased estimators based on fixed-distance intervals derived from average altitude. C1 [Laake, Jeff; Bengtson, John L.; Boveng, Peter; Cameron, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Guenzel, Richard J.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Laake, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeff.laake@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1071/WR07065 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 319CG UT WOS:000257140300006 ER PT J AU Laake, J Dawson, MJ Hone, J AF Laake, Jeff Dawson, Michelle J. Hone, Jim TI Visibility bias in aerial survey: mark-recapture, line-transect or both? SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; COUNT; OBSERVERS; REGIONS AB Mark-recapture and line-transect sampling procedures both provide estimators for visibility bias in aerial surveys, and have coexisted in the literature for decades. Mark-recapture estimators of abundance tend to be negatively biased in this context as a result of unmodelled heterogeneity. Line-transect sampling can also be negatively biased if detection probability on the line is less than 1.0. Numerous papers have described hybrid approaches using mark-recapture and line transect methods but there have been some subtle but important differences that may not be apparent to the practitioner. We have used wild horse survey data collected in south-eastern Australia and some imaginary data to highlight these subtle differences. We demonstrate the advantage of using the hybrid approach, which uses the strengths of both mark-recapture and line-transect procedures by fitting a detection function (with p(0) = 1) to the line-transect data to estimate the shape of the detection function, and uses a separate detection function for the mark-recapture data to estimate the intercept (p(0)). C1 [Dawson, Michelle J.; Hone, Jim] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Laake, Jeff] NMFS, AFSC, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hone, J (reprint author), Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM jim.hone@canberra.edu.au OI Hone, Jim/0000-0002-8104-8852 NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 EI 1448-5494 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1071/WR07034 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 319CG UT WOS:000257140300007 ER PT S AU Mitrokotsa, A Karygiannis, A AF Mitrokotsa, Aikaterini Karygiannis, A. BE Lopez, J Zhou, J TI Intrusion Detection Techniques in Sensor Networks SO WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK SECURITY SE Cryptology and Information Security Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mitrokotsa, Aikaterini] Univ Piraeus, Dept Informat, Piraeus 18534, Greece. [Karygiannis, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitrokotsa, A (reprint author), Univ Piraeus, Dept Informat, 80 Karaoli & Dimitriou Str, Piraeus 18534, Greece. EM mitrokat@unipi.gr; karygiannis@nist.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6431 BN 978-1-58603-813-7 J9 CRYPTOL INF SEC SER PY 2008 VL 1 BP 251 EP 272 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BMB13 UT WOS:000271720300010 ER PT B AU Genin, D Marbukh, V AF Genin, Daniel Marbukh, Vladimir BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Zinn, CD Baralt, J Bandyopadhyay, A ElBadawy, ESA TI Toward Understanding of Metastability in Cellular CDMA Networks: Emergence and Implications for Performance SO WMSCI 2008: 12TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics/14th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Int Federat Syst Res DE cellular network; performance; mean-field approximation; metastability AB We investigate the metastable behavior in a model of a cellular CDMA network with multiple service classes. While the Markov model provides an accurate "microscopic" model of the network behavior, the dimension of this model grows exponentially with the number of cells precluding solution of the corresponding Kolmogorov equations. Dimension of the mean-field approximation model grows only linearly with the number of cells making this approximation computationally tractable. Through numerical analysis we show that the equilibrium manifold of the mean-field model develops folds under increasing network load which give rise to multiple stable equilibria. These multiple equilibria can be interpreted as describing network's metastable states. We construct a sample phase diagram showing distribution of metastable regions in the user load plane, derive a formula for the likelihood of successful service completion for metastable states and discuss performance characteristics of the network. C1 [Genin, Daniel; Marbukh, Vladimir] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Genin, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dgenin@nist.gov; vmarbukh@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-33-6 PY 2008 BP 106 EP 112 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Robotics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIY68 UT WOS:000263783700029 ER PT S AU Martys, NS Lootens, D George, WL Satterfield, SG Hebraud, P AF Martys, Nicos S. Lootens, Didier George, William L. Satterfield, Steven G. Hebraud, Pascal BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Spatial-temporal correlations at the onset of flow in concentrated suspensions SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE rheology; colloidal suspensions; Van der Waals forces; coordination number; structure; thixotropy AB Spatial-temporal correlations in the startup-up flow of colloidal suspensions composed of attractive spherical particles under static and shear conditions are studied by computer simulation. The evolution of particle organization with time is followed as equilibrium is approached. The time dependence of the radial distribution and organization of nearest neighbors is tracked as equilibrium is approached and then as a constant shear rate is applied. C1 [Martys, Nicos S.; George, William L.; Satterfield, Steven G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lootens, Didier] SIKA Technol AG, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hebraud, Pascal] IPCMS, UMR 7504, F-67034 Strasbourg 02, France. RP Martys, NS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Concrete Testing Laboratory consortium (VCCTL); NASA's National Leadership Computing System Initiative on the "Columbia" supercomputer at the NASA Ames Research Center [SMD-05-A-0129] FX We would like to gratefully acknowledge support from the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory consortium (VCCTL). The flow simulations were performed under award SMD-05-A-0129, "Modeling the Rheological Properties of Suspensions: Application to Cement Based Materials," for NASA's National Leadership Computing System Initiative on the "Columbia" supercomputer at the NASA Ames Research Center. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 207 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000068 ER PT S AU Lootens, D Martys, NS George, W Satterfield, S Hebraud, P AF Lootens, Didier Martys, Nicos S. George, William Satterfield, Steve Hebraud, Pascal BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Stress chains formation under shear of concentrated suspension SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE concentrated suspension; shear thickening; jamming; chain force; normal force ID THICKENING DILATANCY AB Results comparing experiments on a model system of mono-disperse silica-particles with the numerical simulation of a highly concentrated suspension of spherical particles subject to a constant rate of strain are presented. Giant fluctuations of the shear stress and the first and second normal force difference are studied. Stress chain formation and evolution under shear are visualized in order to make the relation between the stress fluctuations and the suspension microstructure. C1 [Lootens, Didier] Sika Technol AG, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. [Martys, Nicos S.; George, William; Satterfield, Steve] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hebraud, Pascal] IPCMS, UMR 7504, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. RP Lootens, D (reprint author), Sika Technol AG, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. FU Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory consortium (VCCTL) FX We would like to gratefully acknowledge support from the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory consortium (VCCTL). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 677 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000221 ER PT S AU Pujari, S Burghardt, WR Rahatekar, SS Windle, AH Koziol, KK AF Pujari, Saswati Burghardt, Wesley R. Rahatekar, Sameer S. Windle, Alan H. Koziol, Krzysztof K. BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Shear induced alignment of multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersions via small angle x-ray scattering SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE flow induced alignment; carbon nanotubes; x-ray scattering ID SUSPENSIONS; ORIENTATION; MATRIX AB We report small-angle x-ray scattering studies of shear-induced alignment of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersions. Uncured epoxy was used as a viscous, Newtonian suspending medium, and samples were prepared from 'aligned' MWCNTs using methods previously reported (Rahatekar et al., J Rheol 40:599, 2006); here we emphasize measurements on rather dilute dispersions. Flow-induced alignment was studied in both the flow-gradient (1-2) plane, and the flow-vorticity (1-3) plane using, respectively, annular cone and plate and rotating disk x-ray shear cells. Small-angle x-ray scattering patterns were rendered anisotropic under application of shear flow. Measurements in the 1-2 plane indicate that the average MWCNT orientation direction is intermediate between the flow and gradient directions. Transient measurements of structure evolution enabled by high flux synchrotron radiation allowed study of time-dependent behavior following flow reversal and flow cessation. C1 [Pujari, Saswati; Burghardt, Wesley R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Burghardt, Wesley R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Rahatekar, Sameer S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Windle, Alan H.; Koziol, Krzysztof K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci Met, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Pujari, S (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RI Burghardt, Wesley/B-7642-2009; Koziol, Krzysztof/E-3626-2010; Rahatekar, Sameer/A-6008-2012 OI Koziol, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8360-1121; NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 806 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000264 ER PT S AU Hudson, SD Pathak, JA Martin, JD AF Hudson, Steven D. Pathak, Jai A. Martin, Jeffrey D. BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Diffusive and convective mass transfer in two-phase microchannel flow: Non-equilibrium interfacial tension SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE microfluidics; multiphase flow; surfactant mass transfer; interfacial tension ID WATER/HEXANE INTERFACE; ALKYLPHOSPHINE OXIDES; ADSORPTION-KINETICS; SYSTEMS; FIELDS; DROP AB The kinetics of mass transfer from one phase to another is monitored in flow. The time-dependent interfacial tension between water and oil (determined from drop deformation dynamics in situ) serves as a measure of the butanol (diffusing species) concentration inside the drop. This concentration decreases from its initial value, as the butanol diffuses into the surrounding oil. This diffusive process is effectively two dimensional, i.e. only transverse to the flow. C1 [Hudson, Steven D.; Martin, Jeffrey D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pathak, Jai A.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, SD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.hudson@nist.gov; jai_pathak@code6100.nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.martin@nist.gov FU NIST Materials Science Engineering Laboratory; NIST Combinatorial Methods Center (and its members ICI/National Starch and Procter Gamble) FX Financial support from the NIST Materials Science Engineering Laboratory and the NIST Combinatorial Methods Center (and its members ICI/National Starch and Procter & Gamble) is appreciated. Official contribution of NIST; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 1003 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000327 ER PT J AU Udovic, TJ Huang, QZ Santoro, A Rush, JJ AF Udovic, Terrence J. Huang, Qingzhen Santoro, Antonio Rush, John J. TI The nature of deuterium arrangements in YD3 and other rare-earth trideuterides SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE Centrosymmetric structure; Neutron powder diffraction; Neutron vibrational spectroscopy; Noncentrosymmetric structure; Rare-earth deuterides; Twinning ID SWITCHABLE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-POWDER-DIFFRACTION; ELECTRIC-FIELD GRADIENTS; LANTHANUM HYDRIDE FILMS; THEORETICAL PREDICTION; YTTRIUM TRIHYDRIDE; INSULATING YH3; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SCATTERING; HYDROGEN AB The efficacy of different structural models for describing the observed neutron-powder-diffraction (NPD) measurements of bulk polycrystalline YD3 as well as other hexagonal rare-earth (i.e., Nd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tin) trideuteride powders has been investigated via Rietveld refinement. Between the two possible structural configurations, centrosymmetric P (3) over bar c1 and noncentrosymmetric P6(3)cm, the latter can be excluded due to very high correlations found between the positions of the D sites. Hence, the true "diffraction-average" structure for YD3 and all other rare-earth deuterides studied is centrosymmetric (P (3) over bar c1). This seems to contrast with the prior evidence from first-principles calculations and various spectroscopic probes suggesting that the true local symmetry is not P (3) over bar c1, but rather, noncentrosymmetric. A possible way to reconcile the apparently conflicting conclusions from NPD and spectroscopic measurements is by assuming that the real structure is a twinned arrangement of nanosized, noncentrosymmetric configurations. For example, we demonstrate that the diffraction-average centrosymmetric PM structure can result from a superposition of individual, noncentrosymmetric P (3) over bar c1 twins. A comparison of neutron vibrational spectra for YH3 and YD3 confirms that both compounds share similar structural arrangements. C1 [Udovic, Terrence J.; Huang, Qingzhen; Santoro, Antonio; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM udovic@nist.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA ROSENHEIMER STR 143, D-81671 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2008 VL 223 IS 10 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.1524/zkri.2008.1139 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 488XW UT WOS:000269384700011 ER PT J AU Levine, LE Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Geantil, P Kassner, ME Liu, W Stoudt, MR AF Levine, L. E. Larson, B. C. Tischler, J. Z. Geantil, P. Kassner, M. E. Liu, W. Stoudt, M. R. TI Impact of dislocation cell elastic strain variations on line profiles from deformed copper SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Size-Strain Conference on the Diffraction Analysis of the Microstructure of Materials CY OCT 07-09, 2007 CL Garmisch Partenkirchen, GERMANY DE micro-diffraction; dislocations; residual stress; plastic deformation ID RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; RAY STRUCTURAL MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; DEFORMATION; RESOLUTION AB Energy scanned, sub-micrometer X-ray beams were used to obtain diffraction line profiles from individual dislocation cells in copper single crystals deformed in compression. Sub-micrometer depth resolution was provided by translating a wire through the diffracted beams and using triangulation to determine the depths of the diffracting volumes. Connection to classic volume-averaged results was made by adding the line profiles from 52 spatially resolved dislocation cell measurements. The resulting sub profile is smooth and symmetric, in agreement with early assumptions; the mean strain and full width half maximum are consistent with the average of the parameters extracted from the more exact individual dislocation cell measurements. C1 [Levine, L. E.; Stoudt, M. R.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Larson, B. C.; Tischler, J. Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Geantil, P.; Kassner, M. E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Liu, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Lyle.Levitie@nist.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2008 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1524/zksu.2008.0008 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 422QC UT WOS:000264441800007 ER PT J AU Furukuma, S Onuma, T Swanson, P Luo, Q Koide, N Okada, H Urano, A Ando, H AF Furukuma, Shunji Onuma, Takeshi Swanson, Penny Luo, Qiong Koide, Nobuhisa Okada, Houji Urano, Akihisa Ando, Hironori TI Stimulatory effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 on expression of gonadotropin subunit genes and release of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in masu salmon pituitary ceft early in gametogenesis SO ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insulin-like growth factor 1; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; gonadotropin; pituitary; puberty; salmon ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; IGF-I; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; CHUM SALMON; INSULIN; CELLS AB Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been shown to be involved in pubertal activation of gonadotropin (GTH) secretion. The aim of this study was to determine if IGF-I directly stimulates synthesis and release of GTH at an early stage of gametogenesis. The effects of IGIF-I on expression of genes encoding glycoprotein alpha (GP alpha), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) beta, and luteinizing hormone (LH) beta subunits and release of FSH and LH were examined using primary pituitary cells of masu salmon at three reproductive stages: early gametogenesis, maturing stage, and spawning. IGF-I alone or IGF-I + salmon GnRH (sGnRH) were added to the primary pituitary cell cultures. Amounts of GP alpha, FSH beta, and LH beta mRNAs were determined by real-time PCR. Plasma and medium levels of FSH and LH were determined by RIA. In males, IGF-I increased the amounts of all three subunit mRNAs early in gametogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, but not in the later stages. In females, IGF-I stimulated release of FSH and LH early in gametogenesis, whereas no stimulatory effects on the subunit mRNA levels were observed at any stage. IGF-I + sGnRH stimulated release of FSH and LH at all stages in both sexes, but had different effects on the subunit mRNA levels depending on subunit and stage. The present results suggest that IGF-I itself directly stimulates synthesis and release of GTH early in gametogenesis in masu salmon, possibly acting as a metabolic signal that triggers the onset of puberty. C1 [Furukuma, Shunji; Onuma, Takeshi; Ando, Hironori] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Bioresource & Bioenvironm Sci, Dept Anim & Marine Bioresource Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Onuma, Takeshi; Luo, Qiong; Urano, Akihisa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Sect Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Swanson, Penny] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Koide, Nobuhisa; Okada, Houji] Hokkaido Fish Hatchery, Eniwa 0611433, Japan. RP Ando, H (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Bioresource & Bioenvironm Sci, Dept Anim & Marine Bioresource Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM hando@brs.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA TOSHIN-BUILDING, HONGO 2-27-2, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0289-0003 J9 ZOOL SCI JI Zool. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.2108/zsj.25.88 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 316IS UT WOS:000256943500011 PM 18275250 ER PT J AU Ryu, C Andersen, MF Clade, P Natarajan, V Helmerson, K Phillips, WD AF Ryu, C. Andersen, M. F. Clade, P. Natarajan, Vasant Helmerson, K. Phillips, W. D. TI Observation of persistent flow of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a toroidal trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL VELOCITY; SUPERFLUID; VORTEX; GASES AB We have observed the persistent flow of Bose-condensed atoms in a toroidal trap. The flow persists without decay for up to 10 s, limited only by experimental factors such as drift and trap lifetime. The quantized rotation was initiated by transferring one unit h of the orbital angular momentum from Laguerre-Gaussian photons to each atom. Stable flow was only possible when the trap was multiply connected, and was observed with a Bose-Einstein condensate fraction as small as 20%. We also created flow with two units of angular momentum and observed its splitting into two singly charged vortices when the trap geometry was changed from multiply to simply connected. C1 [Ryu, C.; Andersen, M. F.; Clade, P.; Natarajan, Vasant; Helmerson, K.; Phillips, W. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ryu, C.; Helmerson, K.; Phillips, W. D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ryu, C.; Helmerson, K.; Phillips, W. D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ryu, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Andersen, Mikkel/B-3806-2012; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 28 TC 260 Z9 262 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 260401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.260401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900001 PM 18233561 ER PT J AU Pielke, RA Davey, CA Niyogi, D Fall, S Steinweg-Woods, J Hubbard, K Lin, X Cai, M Lim, YK Li, H Nielsen-Gammon, J Gallo, K Hale, R Mahmood, R Foster, S McNider, RT Blanken, P AF Pielke, Roger A., Sr. Davey, Christopher A. Niyogi, Dev Fall, Souleymane Steinweg-Woods, Jesse Hubbard, Ken Lin, Xiaomao Cai, Ming Lim, Young-Kwon Li, Hong Nielsen-Gammon, John Gallo, Kevin Hale, Robert Mahmood, Rezaul Foster, Stuart McNider, Richard T. Blanken, Peter TI Unresolved issues with the assessment of multidecadal global land surface temperature trends SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY NETWORK; UNITED-STATES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TIME-SERIES; EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS; URBAN; DISCONTINUITIES; URBANIZATION AB This paper documents various unresolved issues in using surface temperature trends as a metric for assessing global and regional climate change. A series of examples ranging from errors caused by temperature measurements at a monitoring station to the undocumented biases in the regionally and globally averaged time series are provided. The issues are poorly understood or documented and relate to micrometeorological impacts due to warm bias in nighttime minimum temperatures, poor siting of the instrumentation, effect of winds as well as surface atmospheric water vapor content on temperature trends, the quantification of uncertainties in the homogenization of surface temperature data, and the influence of land use/land cover (LULC) change on surface temperature trends. Because of the issues presented in this paper related to the analysis of multidecadal surface temperature we recommend that greater, more complete documentation and quantification of these issues be required for all observation stations that are intended to be used in such assessments. This is necessary for confidence in the actual observations of surface temperature variability and long-term trends. C1 [Pielke, Roger A., Sr.] Univ Colorado, CIRES ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davey, Christopher A.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Niyogi, Dev; Steinweg-Woods, Jesse] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Niyogi, Dev; Fall, Souleymane; Steinweg-Woods, Jesse] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Blanken, Peter] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cai, Ming] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Mahmood, Rezaul; Foster, Stuart] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Gallo, Kevin] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hale, Robert] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hubbard, Ken; Lin, Xiaomao] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Li, Hong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lim, Young-Kwon] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [McNider, Richard T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Steinweg-Woods, Jesse] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Pielke, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009; Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; OI Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220 NR 80 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 29 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S08 DI 10.1029/2006JD008229 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NN UT WOS:000252013800001 ER PT J AU Vomel, H Barnes, JE Forno, RN Fujiwara, M Hasebe, F Iwasaki, S Kivi, R Komala, N Kyro, E Leblanc, T Morel, B Ogino, SY Read, WG Ryan, SC Saraspriya, S Selkirk, H Shiotani, M Canossa, JV Whiteman, DN AF Voemel, H. Barnes, J. E. Forno, R. N. Fujiwara, M. Hasebe, F. Iwasaki, S. Kivi, R. Komala, N. Kyro, E. Leblanc, T. Morel, B. Ogino, S. -Y. Read, W. G. Ryan, S. C. Saraspriya, S. Selkirk, H. Shiotani, M. Canossa, J. Valverde Whiteman, D. N. TI Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder water vapor by balloon-borne Cryogenic Frost point Hygrometer measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EOS MLS; SATELLITE; TRENDS AB Here we present extensive observations of stratospheric and upper tropospheric water vapor using the balloon-borne Cryogenic Frost point Hygrometer (CFH) in support of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite instrument. Coincident measurements were used for the validation of MLS version 1.5 and for a limited validation of MLS version 2.2 water vapor. The sensitivity of MLS is on average 30% lower than that of CFH, which is fully compensated by a constant offset at stratospheric levels but only partially compensated at tropospheric levels, leading to an upper tropospheric dry bias. The sensitivity of MLS observations may be adjusted using the correlation parameters provided here. For version 1.5 stratospheric observations at pressures of 68 hPa and smaller MLS retrievals and CFH in situ observations agree on average to within 2.3% +/- 11.8%. At 100 hPa the agreement is to within 6.4% +/- 22% and at upper tropospheric pressures to within 23% +/- 37%. In the tropical stratosphere during the boreal winter the agreement is not as good. The "tape recorder'' amplitude in MLS observations depends on the vertical profile of water vapor mixing ratio and shows a significant interannual variation. The agreement between stratospheric observations by MLS version 2.2 and CFH is comparable to the agreement using MLS version 1.5. The variability in the difference between observations by MLS version 2.2 and CFH at tropospheric levels is significantly reduced, but a tropospheric dry bias and a reduced sensitivity remain in this version. In the validation data set a dry bias at 177.8 hPa of -24.1% +/- 16.0% is statistically significant. C1 [Voemel, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barnes, J. E.; Ryan, S. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Forno, R. N.] Univ San Andres, Atmospher Phys Lab, La Paz, Bolivia. [Fujiwara, M.; Hasebe, F.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Iwasaki, S.] Natl Def Acad, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan. [Kivi, R.; Kyro, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland. [Komala, N.; Saraspriya, S.] Lembaga Penerbangan Antariksa Nas, Bandung, Indonesia. [Leblanc, T.; Read, W. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morel, B.] Reunion Univ, Lab Phys Atmosphere, St Denis, Reunion. [Ogino, S. -Y.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Selkirk, H.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Shiotani, M.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Canossa, J. Valverde] Univ Nacl, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Vomel, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM holger.voemel@colorado.edu RI Fujiwara, Masatomo/F-7852-2012 NR 10 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 29 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S37 DI 10.1029/2007JD008698 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NN UT WOS:000252013800002 ER PT J AU Egger, J Weickmann, K Hoinka, KP AF Egger, Joseph Weickmann, Klaus Hoinka, Klaus-Peter TI Angular momentum in the global atmospheric circulation SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LENGTH-OF-DAY; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; RANGE FORECAST MODEL; 1982-83 EL-NINO; MOUNTAIN TORQUES; EQUATORIAL COMPONENTS; DOWNWARD CONTROL; INTERANNUAL FLUCTUATIONS AB Angular momentum is a variable of central importance to the dynamics of the atmosphere both regionally and globally. Moreover, the angular momentum equations yield a precise description of the dynamic interaction of the atmosphere with the oceans and the solid Earth via various torques as exerted by friction, pressure against the mountains and the nonspherical shape of the Earth, and by gravity. This review presents recent work with respect to observations and the theory of atmospheric angular momentum of large-scale motions. It is mainly the recent availability of consistent global data sets spanning decades that sparked renewed interest in angular momentum. In particular, relatively reliable estimates of the torques are now available. In addition, a fairly wide range of theoretical aspects of the role of angular momentum in atmospheric large-scale dynamics is covered. C1 [Egger, Joseph] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Hoinka, Klaus-Peter] Deutsches Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. [Weickmann, Klaus] NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Egger, J (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM j.egger@lrz.uni-muenchen.de; klaus.weickmann@noaa.gov; klaus.hoinka@dlr.de NR 116 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD DEC 29 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 AR RG4007 DI 10.1029/2006RG000213 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 246OP UT WOS:000252016700001 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Ramaswamy, V Huang, XL Fu, Q Bardeen, C AF Huang, Yi Ramaswamy, V. Huang, Xianglei Fu, Qiang Bardeen, Charles TI A strict test in climate modeling with spectrally resolved radiances: GCM simulation versus AIRS observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DIURNAL CYCLE; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; CLOUDS AB [1] The spectrally resolved infrared radiances observed by AIRS provide a strict and insightful test for general circulation models (GCMs). We compare the clear- and total-sky spectra simulated from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GCM using a high resolution radiation code with the AIRS observations. After ensuring consistency in the sampling of the observed and simulated spectra and a proper representation of clouds in the radiance simulation, the observed and simulated global-mean radiances are shown to agree to within 2 K in the window region. Radiance discrepancies in the water vapor v2 (1300-1650 cm(-1)) and carbon dioxide v2 (650-720 cm(-1)) bands are consistent with the model biases in atmospheric temperature and water vapor. The existence of radiance biases of opposite signs in different spectral regions suggests that a seemingly good agreement of the model's broadband longwave flux with observations may be due to a fortuitous cancellation of spectral errors. Moreover, an examination of the diurnal difference spectrum indicates pronounced biases in the model-simulated diurnal hydrologic cycle over the tropical oceans, a feature seen to occur in other GCMs as well. C1 [Huang, Yi] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bardeen, Charles] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Huang, Xianglei] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM yi.huang@noaa.gov RI Huang, Yi/A-9387-2008; Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Huang, Yi/E-9479-2016 OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; Huang, Yi/0000-0002-5065-4198 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24707 DI 10.1029/2007GL031409 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246NF UT WOS:000252013000003 ER PT J AU Ji, RB Davis, CS Chen, CS Townsend, DW Mountain, DG Beardsley, RC AF Ji, Rubao Davis, Cabell S. Chen, Changsheng Townsend, David W. Mountain, David G. Beardsley, Robert C. TI Influence of ocean freshening on shelf phytoplankton dynamics SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEORGES BANK; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MAINE; WATER; GULF; BLOOMS; CHLOROPHYLL; TURBULENCE AB [1] Climate change-induced freshening of the ocean can enhance vertical stratification and alter circulation patterns in ways that influence phytoplankton dynamics. We examined the timing of spring phytoplankton blooms and the magnitude of net primary productivity in the Nova Scotian Shelf (NSS) - Gulf of Maine (GoM) region with respect to seasonal and interannual changes in surface water freshening from 1998 to 2006. The general pattern of temporal westward progression of the phytoplankton bloom corresponds with the gradient of increasing sea surface salinity from the NSS in the east to the western GoM. Increased freshening enhances the spatial gradients in bloom timing by stimulating earlier blooms upstream (NSS), but it has less impact downstream (the western GoM). Strong spatial gradients (increasing westward) of mean chlorophyll concentration and net primary productivity during post-bloom months (May-June) indicate that lower sea surface salinity upstream can likely impede nutrient fluxes from deep water and therefore affect overall productivity. C1 [Ji, Rubao; Davis, Cabell S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chen, Changsheng] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Townsend, David W.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Mountain, David G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Beardsley, Robert C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ji, RB (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, MS 33,Redfield 2-14, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rji@whoi.edu RI Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015 OI Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427 NR 26 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24607 DI 10.1029/2007GL032010 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246NF UT WOS:000252013000006 ER PT J AU Popp, PJ Marcy, TP Watts, LA Gao, RS Fahey, DW Weinstock, EM Smith, JB Herman, RL Troy, RF Webster, CR Christensen, LE Baumgardner, DG Voigt, C Karcher, B Wilson, JC Mahoney, MJ Jensen, EJ Bui, TP AF Popp, P. J. Marcy, T. P. Watts, L. A. Gao, R. S. Fahey, D. W. Weinstock, E. M. Smith, J. B. Herman, R. L. Troy, R. F. Webster, C. R. Christensen, L. E. Baumgardner, D. G. Voigt, C. Kaercher, B. Wilson, J. C. Mahoney, M. J. Jensen, E. J. Bui, T. P. TI Condensed-phase nitric acid in a tropical subvisible cirrus cloud SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NASA ER-2; TROPOPAUSE; SPECTROMETER; DEHYDRATION; AIRCRAFT; HNO3; ICE; DENITRIFICATION; STRATOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT AB [1] In situ observations in a tropical subvisible cirrus cloud during the Costa Rica Aura Validation Experiment on 2 February 2006 show the presence of condensed-phase nitric acid. The cloud was observed near the tropopause at altitudes of 16.3-17.7 km in an extremely cold ( 183-191 K) and dry (< 5 ppm H2O) air mass. Relative humidities with respect to ice ranged from 150-250% throughout most of the cloud. Optical particle measurements indicate the presence of ice crystals as large as 90 mu m in diameter. Condensed HNO3/H2O molar ratios observed in the cloud particles were 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than ratios observed previously in cirrus clouds at similar HNO3 partial pressures. Nitric acid trihydrate saturation ratios were 10 or greater during much of the cloud encounter, indicating that HNO3 may be present in the cloud particles as a stable condensate and not simply physically adsorbed on or trapped in the particles. C1 [Popp, P. J.; Marcy, T. P.; Gao, R. S.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Popp, P. J.; Marcy, T. P.; Watts, L. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weinstock, E. M.; Smith, J. B.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Res Project, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Herman, R. L.; Troy, R. F.; Webster, C. R.; Christensen, L. E.; Mahoney, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Baumgardner, D. G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04150, DF, Mexico. [Voigt, C.; Kaercher, B.] Deutsches Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82230 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. [Wilson, J. C.] Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Jensen, E. J.; Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Popp, PJ (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway R-AL6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM peter.j.popp@noaa.gov RI Voigt, Christiane/G-3279-2010; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Karcher, Bernd/D-5325-2014; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Karcher, Bernd/0000-0003-0278-4980; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24812 DI 10.1029/2007GL031832 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246NF UT WOS:000252013000005 ER PT J AU Schneider, H Weber, JM AF Schneider, Holger Weber, J. Mathias TI Infrared spectra of SF(6)(-)center dot(H(2)O)(n) (n=1-3): Incipient reaction and delayed onset of water network formation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; BINARY COMPLEXES; CLUSTER IONS; BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO; HYDRATION; MOLECULE; ANIONS; SF6; OH AB We present data on the microsolvation of an extended charge distribution with SF(6)(-) as a model system. Infrared spectroscopy, aided by ab initio calculations, shows that the first two water molecules attach to the ion by a combination of single ionic H bonds, sharing one of the F atoms, and weak electrostatic interactions with other F atoms in the ion. No water-water bonds are formed at the dihydrate level, which is an unusual observation, given the strong propensity of water to form H-bonded networks. The onset of water networks occurs with the addition of the third water molecule. Moreover, the attachment of the first two water molecules considerably weakens the SF bond of the F atom involved in bonding to both ligands, indicating a possible mechanism for water-induced reactions. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Schneider, Holger; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schneider, Holger; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 24 AR 244310 DI 10.1063/1.2815808 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 246DN UT WOS:000251987800016 PM 18163678 ER PT J AU Hoguet, J Key, PB AF Hoguet, Jennifer Key, Peter B. TI Activities of biomarkers in multiple life stages of the model crustacean, Palaemonetes pugio SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; biomarker; cholesterol; glutathione; grass shrimp; lipid peroxidation ID GRASS SHRIMP; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; ACUTE TOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; OYSTERS; METALS AB Increased urbanization of coastal areas has led to increased contaminant levels in adjacent sediments and waters. Consequently, many studies have been conducted to determine the potential impacts on estuarine organisms, including the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. This study investigated baseline levels of four cellular biomarkers (glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPx), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and cholesterol (CHL)) in multiple life stages (stage IV, V, VI, and VIT embryos, newly-hatched larvae, 18-day-old larvae, juveniles, and adults) of R pugio to determine which biomarkers may potentially be useful as indicators of contaminant exposure. There was a similar pattern in both LPx and AChE levels, with a clear increase occurring from the embryonic to the adult stages. Detectable levels of AChE did not occur until embryo stage V Glutathione shared a similar pattern to LPx and AChE from the newly-hatched larvae through the adult stage, however, it did not exhibit any distinguishable pattern overall with highly variable levels among all life stages. Likewise, CHL did not exhibit any distinguishable pattern, but in contrast, CHL levels were similar throughout all life stages. This research provides valuable background information that may be used in future assessments of grass shrimp population health. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Key, Peter B.] Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hoguet, Jennifer] JHT Inc, Natl Ocean Serv, Orlando, FL USA. RP Key, PB (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pete.key@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 2 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.09.011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247IG UT WOS:000252071200010 ER PT J AU Crevoisier, C Shevliakova, E Gloor, M Wirth, C Pacala, S AF Crevoisier, Cyril Shevliakova, Elena Gloor, Manuel Wirth, Christian Pacala, Steve TI Drivers of fire in the boreal forests: Data constrained design of a prognostic model of burned area for use in dynamic global vegetation models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-CYCLE; EMISSIONS; SIBERIA; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; CANADA; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERE; WILDFIRE AB [1] Boreal regions are an important component of the global carbon cycle because they host large stocks of aboveground and belowground carbon. Since boreal forest evolution is closely related to fire regimes, shifts in climate are likely to induce changes in ecosystems, potentially leading to a large release of carbon and other trace gases to the atmosphere. Prediction of the effect of this potential climate feedback on the Earth system is therefore important and requires the modeling of fire as a climate driven process in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). Here, we develop a new data- based prognostic model, for use in DGVMs, to estimate monthly burned area from four climate (precipitation, temperature, soil water content and relative humidity) and one human-related (road density) predictors for boreal forest. The burned area model is a function of current climatic conditions and is thus responsive to climate change. Model parameters are estimated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method applied to on ground observations from the Canadian Large Fire Database. The model is validated against independent observations from three boreal regions: Canada, Alaska and Siberia. Provided realistic climate predictors, the model is able to reproduce the seasonality, intensity and interannual variability of burned area, as well as the location of fire events. In particular, the model simulates well the timing of burning events, with two thirds of the events predicted for the correct month and almost all the rest being predicted 1 month before or after the observed event. The predicted annual burned area is in the range of various current estimates. The estimated annual relative error (standard deviation) is twelve percent in a grid cell, which makes the model suitable to study quantitatively the evolution of burned area with climate. C1 [Crevoisier, Cyril] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Palaiseau, France. [Crevoisier, Cyril; Shevliakova, Elena; Pacala, Steve] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gloor, Manuel] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Wirth, Christian] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. RP Crevoisier, C (reprint author), Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Palaiseau, France. RI Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014 NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24112 DI 10.1029/2006JD008372 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NM UT WOS:000252013700005 ER PT J AU Read, WG Lambert, A Bacmeister, J Cofield, RE Christensen, LE Cuddy, DT Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Fetzer, E Froidevaux, L Fuller, R Herman, R Jarnot, RF Jiang, JH Jiang, YB Kelly, K Knosp, BW Kovalenko, LJ Livesey, NJ Liu, HC Manney, GL Pickett, HM Pumphrey, HC Rosenlof, KH Sabounchi, X Santee, ML Schwartz, MJ Snyder, WV Stek, PC Su, H Takacs, LL Thurstans, RP Vomel, H Wagner, PA Waters, JW Webster, CR Weinstock, EM Wu, DL AF Read, W. G. Lambert, A. Bacmeister, J. Cofield, R. E. Christensen, L. E. Cuddy, D. T. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Fetzer, E. Froidevaux, L. Fuller, R. Herman, R. Jarnot, R. F. Jiang, J. H. Jiang, Y. B. Kelly, K. Knosp, B. W. Kovalenko, L. J. Livesey, N. J. Liu, H. -C. Manney, G. L. Pickett, H. M. Pumphrey, H. C. Rosenlof, K. H. Sabounchi, X. Santee, M. L. Schwartz, M. J. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Su, H. Takacs, L. L. Thurstans, R. P. Vomel, H. Wagner, P. A. Waters, J. W. Webster, C. R. Weinstock, E. M. Wu, D. L. TI Aura Microwave Limb Sounder upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric H2O and relative humidity with respect to ice validation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-INDUCED LINESHAPE; WATER-VAPOR; ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; EOS MLS; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; MILLIMETER; AIRCRAFT; OXYGEN AB [1] The validation of version 2.2 (v2.2) H2O measurements from the Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (Aura MLS) on the Aura satellite are presented. Results from comparisons made with Aqua Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Vaisala radiosondes, frost point hygrometer, and WB57 aircraft hygrometers are presented. Comparisons with the Aura MLS v1.5 H2O, Goddard global modeling and assimilation office Earth Observing System analyses (GEOS-5) are also discussed. For H2O mixing ratios less than 500 ppmv, the MLS v2.2 has an accuracy better than 25% between 316 and 147 hPa. The precision is 65% at 316 hPa that reduces to 25% at 147 hPa. This performance is better than expected from MLS measurement systematic error analyses. MLS overestimates H2O for mixing ratios greater than 500 ppmv which is consistent with a scaling error in either the calibrated or calculated MLS radiances. The validation of the accuracy of MLS v2.2 H2O from 121 to 83 hPa which is expected to be better than 15% cannot be confirmed at this time because of large disagreements among the hygrometers used in the AVE campaigns. The precision of the v2.2 H2O from 121 to 83 hPa is 10 - 20%. The vertical resolution is 1.5 - 3.5 km depending on height. The horizontal resolution is 210 x 7 km(2) along and perpendicular to the Aura orbit track, respectively. Relative humidity is calculated from H2O and temperature. The precision, accuracy, and spatial resolution are worse than for H2O. C1 [Read, W. G.; Lambert, A.; Cofield, R. E.; Christensen, L. E.; Cuddy, D. T.; Daffer, W. H.; Drouin, B. J.; Fetzer, E.; Froidevaux, L.; Fuller, R.; Herman, R.; Jarnot, R. F.; Jiang, J. H.; Jiang, Y. B.; Knosp, B. W.; Kovalenko, L. J.; Livesey, N. J.; Manney, G. L.; Pickett, H. M.; Sabounchi, X.; Santee, M. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Snyder, W. V.; Stek, P. C.; Su, H.; Thurstans, R. P.; Wagner, P. A.; Waters, J. W.; Webster, C. R.; Wu, D. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bacmeister, J.; Takacs, L. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Globa Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kelly, K.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Pumphrey, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Meteorol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Vomel, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weinstock, E. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Read, WG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; NR 67 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S35 DI 10.1029/2007JD008752 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NM UT WOS:000252013700010 ER PT J AU Santee, ML Lambert, A Read, WG Livesey, NJ Cofield, RE Cuddy, DT Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Froidevaux, L Fuller, RA Jarnot, RF Knosp, BW Manney, GL Perun, VS Snyder, WV Stek, PC Thurstans, RP Wagner, PA Waters, JW Muscari, G de Zafra, RL Dibb, JE Fahey, DW Popp, PJ Marcy, TP Jucks, KW Toon, GC Stachnik, RA Bernath, PF Boone, CD Walker, KA Urban, J Murtagh, D AF Santee, M. L. Lambert, A. Read, W. G. Livesey, N. J. Cofield, R. E. Cuddy, D. T. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Froidevaux, L. Fuller, R. A. Jarnot, R. F. Knosp, B. W. Manney, G. L. Perun, V. S. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Thurstans, R. P. Wagner, P. A. Waters, J. W. Muscari, G. de Zafra, R. L. Dibb, J. E. Fahey, D. W. Popp, P. J. Marcy, T. P. Jucks, K. W. Toon, G. C. Stachnik, R. A. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Walker, K. A. Urban, J. Murtagh, D. TI Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder HNO3 measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MILLIMETER-WAVE; EOS MLS; SATELLITE; SUBMILLIMETER; RETRIEVALS; CHEMISTRY; PROFILES; MISSION AB [1] We assess the quality of the version 2.2 (v2.2) HNO3 measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Earth Observing System Aura satellite. The MLS HNO3 product has been greatly improved over that in the previous version (v1.5), with smoother profiles, much more realistic behavior at the lowest retrieval levels, and correction of a high bias caused by an error in one of the spectroscopy files used in v1.5 processing. The v2.2 HNO3 data are scientifically useful over the range 215 to 3.2 hPa, with single-profile precision of similar to 0.7 ppbv throughout. Vertical resolution is 3-4 km in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, degrading to similar to 5 km in the middle and upper stratosphere. The impact of various sources of systematic uncertainty has been quantified through a comprehensive set of retrieval simulations. In aggregate, systematic uncertainties are estimated to induce in the v2.2 HNO3 measurements biases that vary with altitude between +/- 0.5 and +/- 2 ppbv and multiplicative errors of +/- 5-15% throughout the stratosphere, rising to similar to +/- 30% at 215 hPa. Consistent with this uncertainty analysis, comparisons with correlative data sets show that relative to HNO3 measurements from ground- based, balloon- borne, and satellite instruments operating in both the infrared and microwave regions of the spectrum, MLS v2.2 HNO3 mixing ratios are uniformly low by 10-30% throughout most of the stratosphere. Comparisons with in situ measurements made from the DC-8 and WB-57 aircraft in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere indicate that the MLS HNO3 values are low in this region as well, but are useful for scientific studies (with appropriate averaging). C1 [Santee, M. L.; Lambert, A.; Read, W. G.; Livesey, N. J.; Cofield, R. E.; Cuddy, D. T.; Daffer, W. H.; Drouin, B. J.; Froidevaux, L.; Fuller, R. A.; Jarnot, R. F.; Knosp, B. W.; Manney, G. L.; Perun, V. S.; Snyder, W. V.; Stek, P. C.; Thurstans, R. P.; Wagner, P. A.; Waters, J. W.; Toon, G. C.; Stachnik, R. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Muscari, G.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. [de Zafra, R. L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fahey, D. W.; Popp, P. J.; Marcy, T. P.] Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Marcy, T. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jucks, K. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Urban, J.; Murtagh, D.] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Santee, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; NR 51 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S40 DI 10.1029/2007JD008721 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NM UT WOS:000252013700008 ER PT J AU Collilieux, X Altamimi, Z Coulot, D Ray, J Sillard, P AF Collilieux, X. Altamimi, Z. Coulot, D. Ray, J. Sillard, P. TI Comparison of very long baseline interferometry, GPS, and satellite laser ranging height residuals from ITRF2005 using spectral and correlation methods SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID COORDINATE TIME-SERIES; MAPPING FUNCTIONS; DEFORMATION; SPACE; VLBI; GEODESY; ERRORS; FRAMES; EARTH AB For the first time, the ITRF2005 input data are in the form of time series of station positions and Earth orientation parameters, together with full variance-covariance information. The first step of the ITRF2005 analysis consists of rigorously stacking each time series to yield a long-term solution per technique. As a by-product, time series of position residuals contain the nonlinear motion of points over the Earth's surface. In this paper, the height residual time series of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), Global Positioning System (GPS), and satellite laser ranging (SLR) solutions submitted to ITRF2005 are compared. We note that the interpretation of the ITRF2005 position residual time series as observed physical motions at the various stations is delicate due to the inhomogeneous site distribution. We estimate that the network effect may introduce an averaged scatter of 3 and 2 mm in the VLBI and SLR height residuals, respectively. Although noise levels are different among these three techniques, a common 1.0 cycles per year (cpy) frequency is clearly detected. The GPS height annual signal exhibits significant regional correlations that are confirmed by VLBI and SLR measurements in some colocated sites. Significant power near frequencies 2.00, 3.12, and 4.16 cpy is also detected in the individual GPS height residuals time series as mentioned by Ray et al. (2007). However, neither VLBI nor SLR show any significant signals at these frequencies for colocated sites. The agreement between detrended height time series at colocated sites is quantified using a novel method based on Kalman filtering and on maximum likelihood estimation. The GPS and VLBI measurements are shown to agree fairly well for most of the colocated sites. However, agreement is not generally observed in the GPS and SLR comparisons. A study of the interannual signal at colocated sites indicates that the good correlation cannot be completely attributed to the annual harmonic. C1 [Collilieux, X.; Altamimi, Z.; Coulot, D.] Inst Geog Natl, Lab Rech Geodesie, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [Ray, J.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sillard, P.] Inst Natl Stat & Etud Econ, F-92244 Malakoff, France. RP Collilieux, X (reprint author), Inst Geog Natl, Lab Rech Geodesie, 6-8 Ave Blaise Pascal,Cite Descartes Champs Sur M, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. EM xavier.collilieux@ign.fr RI Altamimi, Zuheir/A-4168-2009 NR 47 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B12 AR B12403 DI 10.1029/2007JB004933 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 246OF UT WOS:000252015700001 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Kim, D Lee, MI Kang, IS AF Lin, Jia-Lin Kim, Daehyun Lee, Myong-In Kang, In-Sik TI Effects of cloud-radiative heating on atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations of convectively coupled equatorial waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; LOW-FREQUENCY; PART I; CLIMATE MODEL; KELVIN WAVES; FGGE DATA; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC AB This study examines the effects of cloud-radiative heating on convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by the Seoul National University (SNU) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). The strength of cloud-radiative heating is adjusted by modifying the autoconversion rate needed for cloud condensates to grow up to raindrops. The results show that increasing the autoconversion rate has little effect on the climatological mean precipitation, but it significantly reduces the time-mean clouds and radiative heating in the upper troposphere and enhances heating due to moist processes in the middle troposphere. These lead to cooling of time-mean upper troposphere temperature and drying of lower-troposphere moisture. Reduction of cloud-radiative heating enhances the prominence of Kelvin and n = 0 eastward inertial gravity (EIG) waves. It also tends to enhance significantly the variance of the Kelvin, equatorial Rossby (ER), mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG), and n = 1 westward inertial gravity (WIG) waves, but not the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) or n = 0 EIG wave. Reduction of cloud-radiative heating has little effect on the phase speed of the waves, which is associated with unchanged effective static stability caused by the near cancellation between reduced dry static stability and reduced diabatic heating. An important implication of this study is that when tuning GCM's top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes to fit the observations, one needs to make sure that the enhancement factor of cloud-radiative heating at the intraseasonal timescale also fits with the observation so that the convectively coupled equatorial waves are not suppressed. C1 [Lin, Jia-Lin] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Kim, Daehyun; Kang, In-Sik] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Lee, Myong-In] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, 1105 Derby Hall,154 N Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.789@osu.edu RI 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015; OI Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624 NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24107 DI 10.1029/2006JD008291 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NL UT WOS:000252013600001 ER PT J AU Wyant, MC Bretherton, CS Chlond, A Griffin, BM Kitagawa, H Lappen, CL Larson, VE Lock, A Park, S de Roode, SR Uchida, J Zhao, M Ackerman, AS AF Wyant, Matthew C. Bretherton, Christopher S. Chlond, Andreas Griffin, Brian M. Kitagawa, Hiroto Lappen, Cara-Lyn Larson, Vincent E. Lock, Adrian Park, Sungsu de Roode, Stephan R. Uchida, Junya Zhao, Ming Ackerman, Andrew S. TI A single-column model intercomparison of a heavily drizzling stratocumulus-topped boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NOCTURNAL MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; PART I; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; DIURNAL CYCLE; WATER-CONTENT; MIXED LAYER; SCHEME AB This study presents an intercomparison of single-column model simulations of a nocturnal heavily drizzling marine stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. Initial conditions and forcings are based on nocturnal flight observations off the coast of California during the DYCOMS-II field experiment. Differences in turbulent and microphysical parameterizations between models were isolated by slightly idealizing and standardizing the specification of surface and radiative fluxes. For most participating models, the case was run at both typical operational vertical resolution of about 100 m and also at high vertical resolution of about 10 m. As in prior stratocumulus intercomparisons, the simulations quickly develop considerable scatter in liquid water path (LWP) between models. However, the simulated dependence of cloud base drizzle fluxes on LWP in most models is broadly consistent with recent observations. Sensitivity tests with drizzle turned off show that drizzle substantially decreases LWP for many models. The sensitivity of entrainment rate to drizzle is more muted. Simulated LWP and entrainment are also sensitive to the inclusion of cloud droplet sedimentation. Many models underestimate the fraction of drizzle that evaporates below cloud base, which may distort the simulated feedbacks of drizzle on turbulence, entrainment, and LWP. C1 [Wyant, Matthew C.; Bretherton, Christopher S.; Park, Sungsu] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chlond, Andreas] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Griffin, Brian M.; Larson, Vincent E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Lappen, Cara-Lyn] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lock, Adrian] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [de Roode, Stephan R.] Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Uchida, Junya] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Kitagawa, Hiroto] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. RP Wyant, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mwyant@atmos.washington.edu RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; de Roode, Stephan/J-8611-2012; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; de Roode, Stephan/0000-0003-3217-8009; NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24204 DI 10.1029/2007JD008536 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NL UT WOS:000252013600002 ER PT J AU Huang, H Chung, JY Nolte, AJ Stafford, CM AF Huang, Heqing Chung, Jun Young Nolte, Adam J. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Characterizing polymer brushes via surface wrinkling SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; CELL-ADHESION; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); NETWORKS; MODULUS; FILMS; ULTRAVIOLET; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE AB We apply surface wrinkling to measure the mechanical properties of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) polymer brush layers tethered to the surface of a flexible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate. A facile modification scheme based on hydrochloric acid treatment was employed to introduce hydroxyl groups to the surface of PDMS, which served to covalently attach initiator groups for subsequent polymerization. Upon mechanical compression of the brush layer on PDMS, a wrinkling instability occurs whose wavelength yields a Young's modulus for the brush layer that is comparable to the corresponding polymer in the bulk. Moreover, we show that the wrinkling wavelength can provide an accurate measure of the brush thickness, which is often difficult to assess on transparent, flexible substrates. When using thermal strain to generate wrinkled surfaces, the patterns are stable at room temperature but can be erased by solvent treatment, which relaxes the applied strain and thus imparts reversibility to the wrinkled surfaces. C1 [Huang, Heqing; Chung, Jun Young; Nolte, Adam J.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 44 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 26 BP 6555 EP 6560 DI 10.1021/cm702456u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 242NY UT WOS:000251733600030 ER PT J AU Koo, J Shin, K Seo, YS Koga, T Park, S Satija, S Chen, X Yoon, K Hsiao, BS Sokolov, JC Rafailovich, MH AF Koo, Jaseung Shin, Kwanwoo Seo, Young-Soo Koga, Tadanori Park, Seongchan Satija, Sushil Chen, Xuming Yoon, Kyunghwan Hsiao, Benjamin S. Sokolov, Jonathan C. Rafailovich, Miriam H. TI Stabilizing, thin film polymer bilayers against dewetting using multiwalled carbon nanotubes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SOLID INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; MELT; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; VISCOSITY; NETWORKS; FILLERS AB We have investigated the effect of the length of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) on the dewetting dynamics of thin polymer films. The results indicated that long nanotubes were much more effective than short nanotubes in stabilizing the films against dewetting. The diffusion of polymer chains in the filled matrices was measured using neutron reflectivity, and the result indicated no significant effect on the diffusion coefficient by either short or long nanotubes. We therefore proposed a model whereby the nanotubes did not interact with the individual polymer chains. On the other hand, the long nanotubes formed an effective entangled network, which prevented long-range motion of the polymer films upon dewetting. This model was supported by rheological experiments on bulk samples where the nanotubes had a strong effect on G' of the polymer and only a negligible effect on G ''. C1 [Shin, Kwanwoo] Sogang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Koo, Jaseung; Park, Seongchan; Sokolov, Jonathan C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Chen, Xuming; Yoon, Kyunghwan; Hsiao, Benjamin S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Koga, Tadanori; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Seo, Young-Soo] Sejong Univ, Dept Nano Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shin, K (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM kwshin@sogang.ac.kr; mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Shin, Kwanwoo /C-4979-2012; OI Shin, Kwanwoo/0000-0002-7563-8581 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 26 BP 9510 EP 9516 DI 10.1021/ma0715501 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 242KT UT WOS:000251724700043 ER PT J AU Tang, SJ Hu, ZB Zhou, B Cheng, ZD Wu, JZ Marquez, M AF Tang, Shijun Hu, Zhibing Zhou, Bo Cheng, Zhengdong Wu, Jianzhong Marquez, Manuel TI Melting kinetics of thermally responsive microgel crystals SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SPHERES; TEMPERATURE; SUSPENSIONS; PARTICLES; DIFFRACTION; RHEOLOGY AB The melting kinetics of three-dimensional colloidal crystals consisting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels was investigated by using UV-visible transmission spectroscopy. It was found that the melting was initiated with a decrease of the interplanar spacing of the crystals and that crystallites broke into smaller pieces at large overheating temperatures. The crystallites reach a minimum burst size before completely broken apart. The complete melting occurs as the average thermal fluctuation of the particles reach around 19%. The experimental results corroborate with recent computer simulations that conciliate the Lindemann criterion of melting with Born's mechanical instability. C1 [Tang, Shijun; Hu, Zhibing; Zhou, Bo] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Cheng, Zhengdong] Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wu, Jianzhong] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, ZB (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM zbhu@unt.edu RI Wu, Jianzhong/I-5164-2013; OI Wu, Jianzhong/0000-0002-4582-5941 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 26 BP 9544 EP 9548 DI 10.1021/ma0716682 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 242KT UT WOS:000251724700048 ER PT J AU Bosse, AW Garcia-Cervera, CJ Fredrickson, GH AF Bosse, August W. Garcia-Cervera, Carlos J. Fredrickson, Glenn H. TI Microdomain ordering in laterally confined block copolymer thin films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CONSISTENT-FIELD THEORY; MELTS; DOMAINS; PHASE; SEPARATION; TEMPLATES; POLYMERS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; KINETICS AB We examine the effects of small-scale, hexagonal, lateral confinement on microdomain ordering in diblock copolymer thin films using self-consistent field theory simulations. Specifically, we examine a hexagonal confinement well with side length L approximately equal to five cylindrical microdomain lattice spacings. The commensurability constraints of the small-scale, lateral confinement, coupled with surface-induced effects allow the confining well to have a significant effect on the perfection of microdomain order. We identify commensurability; windows in L that depend on the segment-wall interaction and the "temperature" annealing rate (modeled as a Flory % similar to 1/T annealing rate). The effect of added majority-block homopolymer is also explored. C1 [Fredrickson, Glenn H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bosse, August W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Garcia-Cervera, Carlos J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garcia-Cervera, Carlos J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Math, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fredrickson, Glenn H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fredrickson, Glenn H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fredrickson, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM ghf@mrl.ucsb.edu NR 38 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 26 BP 9570 EP 9581 DI 10.1021/ma071866t PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 242KT UT WOS:000251724700052 ER PT J AU Norman, AI Ho, DL Greer, SC AF Norman, Alexander I. Ho, Derek L. Greer, Sandra C. TI Partitioning, fractionation, and conformations of star poly(ethylene glycol) in isobutyric acid and water SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; INDIRECT FOURIER TRANSFORMATION; COEXISTING LIQUID-PHASES; CRITICAL-POINT; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; SOLVENT MIXTURES; SYSTEMS; VICINITY; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We investigate the partitioning, fractionation, and conformations of star poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in coexisting liquid phases of isobutyric acid and water. Star PEG does partition: 98% in the upper isobutyric acid phase, versus 80-90% for linear PEG. There is no significant fractionation of the star PEG for molecular masses less than or equal to 10 kg/mol, but fractionation may occur at higher molecular masses. Small angle neutron scattering shows that the arms of the star PEG molecules form coils in DO but form stiff rods in deuterated isobutyric acid. At higher average molecular masses (>4 kg/mol) and higher temperatures (60 degrees C, some arms are coils and some are rods in isobutyric acid. Polarimetry studies indicate that these "rodlike" arms are actually helical conformations. At a star molecular mass of 2 kg/mol. the helical arms persist above 70 degrees C, but at larger molecular masses, the helical arms revert to coils at temperatures around 75 degrees C. The addition of PEG to isobutyric acid and H2O increases the critical temperature of the solvent mixture, and the increase is less as the star branching increases. C1 [Norman, Alexander I.; Greer, Sandra C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Norman, Alexander I.; Greer, Sandra C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ho, Derek L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Elect Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Norman, AI (reprint author), NYU, Dept Chem, Inst Mol Design, 100 Washington Sq E, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM alex.norman@nyu.edu; sgreer@umd.edu NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 26 BP 9628 EP 9639 DI 10.1021/ma071568w PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 242KT UT WOS:000251724700057 ER PT J AU Kim, K Nicholson, JW Yan, M Knight, JC Newbury, NR Diddams, SA AF Kim, K. Nicholson, J. W. Yan, M. Knight, J. C. Newbury, N. R. Diddams, S. A. TI Characterization of frequency noise on a broadband infrared frequency comb using optical heterodyne techniques SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; NOBEL LECTURE; LASER; STABILIZATION; CONTINUUM AB We measure the frequency noise across a Cr: forsterite infrared frequency comb through the optical heterodyne beat of different comb teeth against stable continuous wave (CW) lasers. This sensitive measurement shows strong correlations of the frequency noise between spectral components of the comb, relative to a fixed optical frequency near the 1.3 micron carrier of the Cr: forsterite laser. The correlated frequency fluctuations are shown to arise from amplitude noise on the pump laser. We also report a preliminary comparison of excess noise that occurs during supercontinuum generation in both highly nonlinear fiber and an extruded glass microstructured fiber. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Kim, K.] Yonsei Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Nicholson, J. W.; Yan, M.] OFS Labs, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. [Knight, J. C.] Univ Bath, Ctr Photon & Photon Mat, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Newbury, N. R.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM kks@yonsei.ac.kr RI Knight, Jonathan/D-3879-2011; Rastelli, Marcio/B-8034-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Knight, Jonathan/0000-0002-0802-8804; NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 26 BP 17715 EP 17723 DI 10.1364/OE.15.017715 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246YX UT WOS:000252045400029 PM 19551068 ER PT J AU Fan, J Eisaman, MD Migdall, A AF Fan, J. Eisaman, M. D. Migdall, A. TI Quantum state tomography of a fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photon pairs SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SITUATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; GENERATION; MECHANICS AB We report an experimental demonstration of a bright high-fidelity single-mode-optical-fiber source of polarization-entangled photon pairs. The source takes advantage of single-mode fiber optics, highly nonlinear microstructure fiber, judicious phase-matching, and the inherent stability provided by a Sagnac interferometer. With a modest average pump power ( 300 mu W), we create all four Bell states with a detected two-photon coincidence rate of 7 kHz per bandwidth of 0.9 nm, in a spectral range of more than 20 nm. To characterize the purity of the states produced by this source, we use quantum-state tomography to reconstruct the corresponding density matrices, with fidelities of 95% or more for each Bell state. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Fan, J.; Eisaman, M. D.; Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fan, J.; Eisaman, M. D.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fan, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jfan@nist.gov RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 26 BP 18339 EP 18344 DI 10.1364/OE.15.018339 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246YX UT WOS:000252045400093 PM 19551131 ER PT J AU Sandanger, M Soraas, F Aarsnes, K Oksavik, K Evans, DS AF Sandanger, M. Soraas, F. Aarsnes, K. Oksavik, K. Evans, D. S. TI Loss of relativistic electrons: Evidence for pitch angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves excited by unstable ring current protons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; SAR ARC FORMATION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; RESONANT DIFFUSION; ENERGETIC PROTONS; MAGNETIC STORMS; HILDCAA EVENTS; EMIC WAVES AB During geomagnetic storms the flux of radiation belt electrons can increase, decrease, or stay constant, depending on the competition between acceleration and loss mechanisms. We focus on loss of relativistic electrons. We use low-altitude polar-orbiting spacecraft and analyze fluxes of tens to hundreds of keV protons and relativistic (> 1.5 MeV) electrons during a moderate geomagnetic storm, with a long-lasting recovery phase (4-5 d). Using data from four local times, we find that the loss of relativistic electrons is confined within the anisotropic proton zone and that a spatially limited loss of relativistic electrons is spatially collocated with increased loss of protons. The proton pitch angle distributions within these peaks are consistent with moderate to strong pitch angle scattering due to electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. The loss of relativistic electrons collocated with protons is found at all four local times considered (0300, 0700, 1400, 1700 MLT). Since anisotropic proton distributions can under certain conditions generate EMIC waves, we find strong indications that the observed relativistic electrons are scattered into the atmospheric loss cone by EMIC waves. EMIC wave scattering is less efficient at high equatorial pitch angles but very efficient near the loss cone, thereby controlling the loss rate of relativistic electrons to the atmosphere. Our observations in and near the loss cone support theoretical work suggesting that EMIC waves can cause scattering loss to the atmosphere of relativistic electrons over the course of a geomagnetic storm. C1 [Sandanger, M.; Soraas, F.; Aarsnes, K.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Oksavik, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Sandanger, M (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Allegt 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM marit.sandanger@ift.uib.no OI Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992; Sandanger, Marit Irene/0000-0002-9696-3527 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A12 AR A12213 DI 10.1029/2006JA012138 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244RG UT WOS:000251882400001 ER PT J AU Daly, M Brugler, MR Cartwright, P Collins, AG Dawson, MN Fautin, DG France, SC Mcfadden, CS Opresko, DM Rodriguez, E Romano, SL Stake, JL AF Daly, Marymegan Brugler, Mercer R. Cartwright, Paulyn Collins, Allen G. Dawson, Michael N. Fautin, Daphne G. France, Scott C. Mcfadden, Catherine S. Opresko, Dennis M. Rodriguez, Estefania Romano, Sandra L. Stake, Joel L. TI The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE systematics; black coral; coral; hydroid; jellyfish; octocoral; sea anemone ID EUROPEAN ATHECATE HYDROIDS; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CLASS-LEVEL RELATIONSHIPS; 18S RDNA SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; SEA-ANEMONE; SP-NOV; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MEDUSAE HYDROZOA AB Systema Naturae includes representatives of every major lineage of the animal phylum Cnidaria. However, Linnaeus did not classify the members of the phylum as is now done, and the diversity of the group is not well represented. We contrast the Linnaean perspective on cnidarian diversity with the modern, phylogenetic perspective. For each order, we detail diversity at the family level, providing phylogenetic context where possible. C1 [Daly, Marymegan; Rodriguez, Estefania] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organ Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brugler, Mercer R.; France, Scott C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA USA. [Cartwright, Paulyn; Fautin, Daphne G.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Dawson, Michael N.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Mcfadden, Catherine S.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Opresko, Dennis M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Romano, Sandra L.; Stake, Joel L.] Univ Virgin Isl, Div Sci & Math, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Daly, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organ Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM daly.66@osu.edu; mrbrugler@yahoo.com; pcart@ku.edu; collinsa@si.edu; mdawson@ucmerced.edu; fautin@ku.edu; france@louisiana.edu; catherine_mcfadden@HMC.edu; fani@us.es; sromano@uvi.edu; jstake@yahoo.com RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Daly, Marymegan/F-9178-2011; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Dawson, Michael/0000-0001-7927-8395 NR 257 TC 140 Z9 166 U1 9 U2 35 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 21 PY 2007 IS 1668 BP 127 EP 182 PG 56 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 243IY UT WOS:000251791200010 ER PT J AU Meseck, SL AF Meseck, Shannon L. TI Controlling the growth of a cyanobacterial contaminant, Synechoccus sp., in a culture of Tetraselmis chui (PLY429) by varying pH: Implications for outdoor aquaculture production SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; Tetraselmis chui; pH ID NITRATE UPTAKE; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOSPHATE; ALLELOPATHY; NUTRIENTS; BACTERIA; SEAWATER; CELLS; CO2 AB In aquaculture, large volumes of phytoplankton are often grown outdoors to reduce costs. However, growing microalgae in an environment not as well-controlled as in the laboratory can lead to unwanted phytoplankton, including cyanobacteria, contaminating a culture. A cyanobacterial contaminant was isolated from an outdoor culture of Tetraselmis chui (PLY429) at the Milford Laboratory. This study investigated the growth of PLY429 and the cyanobacterium in pure cultures and a mixed culture in a pH range of 6.5-9.5. The division of PLY429 was greater at a pH range of 7.0-8.0; whereas, for the cyanobacterium, higher growth was obtained at pH 8.0-9.0. Results from combined cultures of PLY429 and the cyanobacterium grown at various pHs indicated that maintaining pH near 7.1 yields higher growth of PLY429 than those of the cyanobacterium. These findings suggest that controlling pH may reduce the population of a cyanobacterial contaminant in an aquaculture feed culture. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, NMFS, Milford, CT 06418 USA. RP Meseck, SL (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06418 USA. EM Shannon.Meseck@Noaa.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 273 IS 4 BP 566 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.10.043 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 250KR UT WOS:000252299300021 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ AF Nesbitt, David J. TI Photonics - Charge of the light brigade SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SINGLE SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; QUANTUM DOTS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7173 BP 1172 EP 1173 DI 10.1038/4501172a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 243HA UT WOS:000251786200032 PM 18097393 ER PT J AU Cundiff, ST AF Cundiff, Steven T. TI Metrology - New generation of combs SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIS; PHASE-CONTROL; SPECTROSCOPY C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7173 BP 1175 EP 1176 DI 10.1038/4501175b PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 243HA UT WOS:000251786200035 PM 18097395 ER PT J AU Schoeberl, MR Ziemke, JR Bojkov, B Livesey, N Duncan, B Strahan, S Froidevaux, L Kulawik, S Bhartia, PK Chandra, S Levelt, PF Witte, JC Thompson, AM Cuevas, E Redondas, A Tarasick, DW Davies, J Bodeker, G Hansen, G Johnson, BJ Oltmans, SJ Vomel, H Allaart, M Kelder, H Newchurch, M Godin-Beekmann, S Ancellet, G Claude, H Andersen, SB Kyro, E Parrondos, M Yela, M Zablocki, G Moore, D Dier, H von der Gathen, P Viatte, P Stubi, R Calpini, B Skrivankova, P Dorokhov, V de Backer, H Schmidlin, FJ Coetzee, G Fujiwara, M Thouret, V Posny, F Morris, G Merrill, J Leong, CP Koenig-Langlo, G Joseph, E AF Schoeberl, M. R. Ziemke, J. R. Bojkov, B. Livesey, N. Duncan, B. Strahan, S. Froidevaux, L. Kulawik, S. Bhartia, P. K. Chandra, S. Levelt, P. F. Witte, J. C. Thompson, A. M. Cuevas, E. Redondas, A. Tarasick, D. W. Davies, J. Bodeker, G. Hansen, G. Johnson, B. J. Oltmans, S. J. Voemel, H. Allaart, M. Kelder, H. Newchurch, M. Godin-Beekmann, S. Ancellet, G. Claude, H. Andersen, S. B. Kyroe, E. Parrondos, M. Yela, M. Zablocki, G. Moore, D. Dier, H. von der Gathen, P. Viatte, P. Stuebi, R. Calpini, B. Skrivankova, P. Dorokhov, V. de Backer, H. Schmidlin, F. J. Coetzee, G. Fujiwara, M. Thouret, V. Posny, F. Morris, G. Merrill, J. Leong, C. P. Koenig-Langlo, G. Joseph, E. TI A trajectory-based estimate of the tropospheric ozone column using the residual method SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; AURA MISSION; GLOBAL-MODEL; TOMS; SATELLITE; CHEMISTRY; TRACE AB We estimate the tropospheric column ozone using a forward trajectory model to increase the horizontal resolution of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) derived stratospheric column ozone. Subtracting the MLS stratospheric column from Ozone Monitoring Instrument total column measurements gives the trajectory enhanced tropospheric ozone residual (TTOR). Because of different tropopause definitions, we validate the basic residual technique by computing the 200-hPa-to-surface column and comparing it to the same product from ozonesondes and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer measurements. Comparisons show good agreement in the tropics and reasonable agreement at middle latitudes, but there is a persistent low bias in the TTOR that may be due to a slight high bias in MLS stratospheric column. With the improved stratospheric column resolution, we note a strong correlation of extratropical tropospheric ozone column anomalies with probable troposphere-stratosphere exchange events or folds. The folds can be identified by their colocation with strong horizontal tropopause gradients. TTOR anomalies due to folds may be mistaken for pollution events since folds often occur in the Atlantic and Pacific pollution corridors. We also compare the 200-hPa-to-surface column with Global Modeling Initiative chemical model estimates of the same quantity. While the tropical comparisons are good, we note that chemical model variations in 200hPa-to-surface column at middle latitudes are much smaller than seen in the TTOR. C1 [Schoeberl, M. R.; Bojkov, B.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ziemke, J. R.; Bojkov, B.; Duncan, B.; Strahan, S.; Chandra, S.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Livesey, N.; Froidevaux, L.; Kulawik, S.] NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Levelt, P. F.; Allaart, M.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Witte, J. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cuevas, E.; Redondas, A.] Izana Observ, Natl Inst Meteorol, Tenerife, Spain. [Tarasick, D. W.; Davies, J.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Bodeker, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Hansen, G.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Tromso, Norway. [Johnson, B. J.; Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Voemel, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Newchurch, M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Godin-Beekmann, S.; Ancellet, G.] Univ Paris 06, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Andersen, S. B.] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Parrondos, M.; Yela, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arct Res Ctr, Sodankyla, Finland. [Parrondos, M.; Yela, M.] Spanish Space Agcy, Lab Atmosfera, Madrid, Spain. [Zablocki, G.] Ctr Aerol, Natl Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Legionowo, Poland. [Moore, D.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dier, H.] Meteorol Observ, German Weather Serv, Lindenberg, Germany. [Viatte, P.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Viatte, P.; Stuebi, R.; Calpini, B.] Aerol Stn Payeme, Payeme, Switzerland. [Skrivankova, P.] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Prague, Czech Republic. [Dorokhov, V.] Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia. [de Backer, H.] Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, Uccle, Belgium. [Schmidlin, F. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Coetzee, G.] S African Weather Serv, Dept Environm Affairs & Tourism, Pretoria, South Africa. [Fujiwara, M.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Thouret, V.] CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Posny, F.] Lab Phys Atmosphere La Reunion, La Reunion, France. [Morris, G.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Merrill, J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Leong, C. P.] Malaysian Meteorol Serv, Selangor, Malaysia. [Koenig-Langlo, G.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, Climate & Radiat Grp, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Schoeberl, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Fujiwara, Masatomo/F-7852-2012; Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012; Redondas, Alberto/L-9299-2015; Cuevas, Emilio/L-2109-2013; Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012; Yela, Margarita/J-7346-2016; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; andersen, signe/C-4809-2013; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009 OI Redondas, Alberto/0000-0002-4826-6823; Cuevas, Emilio/0000-0003-1843-8302; Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107; Yela, Margarita/0000-0003-3775-3156; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; andersen, signe/0000-0002-8216-0141; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556 NR 31 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S49 DI 10.1029/2007JD008773 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 244PQ UT WOS:000251878200001 ER PT J AU Hyett, G Green, MA Parkin, IP AF Hyett, Geoffrey Green, Mark A. Parkin, Ivan P. TI The use of combinatorial chemical vapor deposition in the synthesis of Ti(3-delta)O(4)N with 0.06 < delta < 0.25: A titanium oxynitride phase lsostructural to anosovite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TIO2 THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; NITRIDE; TI3O5; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITIONS; NITROGEN; ORIENTATION; MORPHOLOGY; CHEMISTRY AB We employ, for the first time, a unique combinatorial chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique to isolate a previously unreported transition-metal mixed-anion phase. The new oxynitride phase, Ti(3-delta)O(4)N (where 0.06 < delta < 0.25), is the first example of a complex titanium oxynitride and was synthesized within composition graduated films formed from atmospheric pressure CVD of TiCl(4), NH(3), and ethyl acetate. Characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-visible spectra, and SQUID magnetometry. The material crystallizes in the Cmcm space group, with the ordered nitrogen ions stabilizing the orthorhombic analogue of the monoclinic anosovite structure, beta-Ti(3)O(5). The lattice parameters are sensitive to composition, but were determined to be a = 3.8040(1) angstrom, b = 9.6486(6) angstrom, and c = 9.8688(5) angstrom for Ti(2.85(2))O(4)N. Powder samples were prepared through delamination of the thin films for synchrotron X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. It is the first example of a new phase to be synthesized using such a combinatorial CVD approach and clearly demonstrates how such techniques can provide access to new materials. This metastable phase with unusual nitrogen geometry has proved to be elusive to conventional solid-state chemistry techniques and highlights the value of the surface growth mechanism present in CVD. Furthermore, the ease and speed of the synthesis technique, combined with rapid routes to characterization, allow for large areas of phase space to be probed effectively. These results may have major implications in the search for new complex mixed-anion phases in the future. C1 [Hyett, Geoffrey; Parkin, Ivan P.] UCL, Christopher Ingold Lab, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Green, Mark A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Parkin, IP (reprint author), UCL, Christopher Ingold Lab, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, England. EM i.p.parkin@ucl.ac.uk RI Hyett, Geoffrey/C-1793-2008 OI Hyett, Geoffrey/0000-0001-9302-9723 NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 50 BP 15541 EP 15548 DI 10.1021/ja073355s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 240IS UT WOS:000251581900038 PM 18027939 ER PT J AU Shimizu, M Fukada, H Hara, A Dickhoff, WW AF Shimizu, Munetaka Fukada, Haruhisa Hara, Akihiko Dickhoff, Walton W. TI Response of the salmon somatotropic axis to growth hormone administration under two different salinities SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY JUL, 2005 CL Tono, JAPAN DE insulin-like growth factor-I; growth hormone; seawater; salmon ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEINS; FACTOR-I AXIS; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; OSMOREGULATORY ACTIONS; IGF-I; SEAWATER ADAPTATION AB We compared the response of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to growth hormone (GH) administration under two different salinities to test the hypothesis that environmental salinity alters the "activity" of the GH-IGF-I axis. In July, postsmolt coho salmon reared in fresh water (FW) were transferred to either FW or half seawater (1/2 SW) (15 ppt) tank. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 10 degrees C for both salinities; photoperiod was adjusted to that of Seattle (48 degrees N), and fish were not fed. Two days after transfer, fish were injected once with porcine GH (pGH) at a dose of 2 or 8 mu g/g body weight. Liver and blood samples were collected 1, 2 and 3 days after injection. Liver GH receptor (GHR) mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and plasma IGF-I, 41-kDa IGF-binding protein (main carrier of IGF-I) and pGH were quantified by radioinummoassays. Transfer to 1/2 SW resulted in transient increases in basal levels of liver GHR mRNA and 41 kDa IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) but not IGF-I. The GH injection increased liver GHR mRNA, plasma IGF-I and 41-kDa IGFBP in fish in both FW and 1/2 SW However, the time course and magnitude of the response differed between salinities. Fish in FW receiving 8 mu g/g pGH had the highest IGF-I levels (63.7 +/- 6.8 ng/ml) one day after injection, whereas fish in 1/2 SW showed a peak (88.8 +/- 14.3 ng/ml) two days after injection of the same dose. It is speculated that the prolonged response to GH by fish in 1/2 SW may be due to slower disappearance of pGH from the circulation in fish in 1/2 SW. The transient increase in basal liver GHR mRNA may also contribute to a greater response for fish in 1/2 SW These results suggest that salinity is capable of altering the "activity" of the GH-IGF-I axis in salmon. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hara, Akihiko] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Shimizu, Munetaka; Fukada, Haruhisa; Dickhoff, Walton W.] Univ Washington, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shimizu, Munetaka; Fukada, Haruhisa; Dickhoff, Walton W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shimizu, M (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. EM mune@fish.hokudai.ac.jp RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 18 PY 2007 VL 273 IS 2-3 BP 320 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.10.013 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 251BX UT WOS:000252346700017 ER PT J AU Seol, Y Li, JY Nelson, PC Perkins, TT Betterton, MD AF Seol, Yeonee Li, Jinyu Nelson, Philip C. Perkins, Thomas T. Betterton, M. D. TI Elasticity of short DNA molecules: Theory and experiment for contour lengths of 0.6-7 mu m SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; RNA-POLYMERASE; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; INDIVIDUAL NUCLEOSOMES; PERSISTENCE LENGTH; STRETCHING DNA; FORCE; TENSION; REVEALS; MOTION AB The wormlike chain (WLC) model currently provides the best description of double-stranded DNA elasticity for micron-sized molecules. This theory requires two intrinsic material parameters-the contour length L and the persistence length p. We measured and then analyzed the elasticity of double-stranded DNA as a function of L (632 nm-7.03 mu m) using the classic solution to the WLC model. When the elasticity data were analyzed using this solution, the resulting fitted value for the persistence length p(wlc) depended on L; even for moderately long DNA molecules (L = 1300 nm), this apparent persistence length was 10% smaller than its limiting value for long DNA. Because p is a material parameter, and cannot depend on length, we sought a new solution to the WLC model, which we call the "finite wormlike chain (FWLC),'' to account for effects not considered in the classic solution. Specifically we accounted for the finite chain length, the chain-end boundary conditions, and the bead rotational fluctuations inherent in optical trapping assays where beads are used to apply the force. After incorporating these corrections, we used our FWLC solution to generate force-extension curves, and then fit those curves with the classic WLC solution, as done in the standard experimental analysis. These results qualitatively reproduced the apparent dependence of p(wlc) on L seen in experimental data when analyzed with the classic WLC solution. Directly fitting experimental data to the FWLC solution reduces the apparent dependence of p(fwlc) on L by a factor of 3. Thus, the FWLC solution provides a significantly improved theoretical framework in which to analyze single-molecule experiments over a broad range of experimentally accessible DNA lengths, including both short (a few hundred nanometers in contour length) and very long ( microns in contour length) molecules. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Standard & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Math Appl, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Standard & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu; mdb@colorado.edu RI Li, Jinyu/F-8820-2014; Nelson, Philip/I-6251-2015 OI Li, Jinyu/0000-0002-7677-9992; Nelson, Philip/0000-0002-1782-3076 NR 57 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 23 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 93 IS 12 BP 4360 EP 4373 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.112995 PG 14 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 236JB UT WOS:000251298100028 PM 17766363 ER PT J AU Rossi, AM Wang, L Reipa, V Murphy, TE AF Rossi, Andrea M. Wang, Lili Reipa, Vytas Murphy, Thomas E. TI Porous silicon biosensor for detection of viruses SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE porous silicon; biosensor; fluorescence; MS2; antibody; bioconjugation ID OPTICAL SENSORS; FABRICATION; GERMANIUM; LAYERS; LABEL AB There is a growing need for virus sensors with improved sensitivity and dynamic range, for applications including disease diagnosis, pharmaceutical research, agriculture and homeland security. We report here a new method for improving the sensitivity for detection of the bacteriophage virus MS2 using thin films of nanoporous silicon. Porous silicon is an easily fabricated material that has extremely high surface area to volume ratio, making it an ideal platform for surface based sensors. We have developed and evaluated two different methods for covalent bioconjugation of antibodies inside of porous silicon films, and we show that the pore penetration and binding efficiency depend on the wettability of the porous surface. The resulting films were used to selectively capture dye-labeled MS2 viruses from solution, and a viral concentration as low as 2 x 10(7)plaque-forming units per mL (pfu/mL) was detectable by measuring the fluorescence from the exposed porous silicon film. The system exhibits sensitivity and dynamic range similar to the Luminex liquid array-based assay while outperforming protein micro-array methods. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rossi, Andrea M.; Murphy, Thomas E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rossi, Andrea M.; Wang, Lili; Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rossi, Andrea M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrolog, Nanotechnol Dept, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RP Rossi, AM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM amrossi@umd.edu RI Murphy, Thomas/H-2199-2011; OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-8286-3832; ROSSI, Andrea Mario/0000-0001-5638-7978 NR 17 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 741 EP 745 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2007.06.004 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 242VN UT WOS:000251754400022 PM 17723292 ER PT J AU Liao, KJ Tagaris, E Manomaiphiboon, K Napelenok, SL Woo, JH He, S Amar, P Russell, AG AF Liao, Kuo-Jen Tagaris, Efthimios Manomaiphiboon, Kasemsan Napelenok, Sergey L. Woo, Jung-Hun He, Shan Amar, Praveen Russell, Armistead G. TI Sensitivities of ozone and fine particulate matter formation to emissions under the impact of potential future climate change SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECOUPLED DIRECT METHOD; AIR-QUALITY; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELS; AEROSOL; HYDROCARBONS; COEFFICIENTS; TRANSPORT; NOX AB Impact of climate change alone and in combination with currently planned emission control strategies are investigated to quantify effectiveness in decreasing regional ozone and PM(2.5) over the continental U.S. using MM5, SMOKE, and CMAQ with DDM-3D. Sensitivities of ozone and PM(2.5) formation to precursor emissions are found to change only slightly in response to climate change. In many cases, mass per ton sensitivities to NO, and SO(2) controls are predicted to be greater in the future due to both the lower emissions as well as climate, suggesting that current control strategies based on reducing such emissions will continue to be effective in decreasing ground-level ozone and PM(2.5) concentrations. SO(2) emission controls are predicted to be most beneficial for decreasing summertime PM(2.5) levels, whereas controls of NO, emissions are effective in winter. Spatial distributions of sensitivities are also found to be only slightly affected assuming no changes in land-use. Contributions of biogenic VOC emissions to PM(2.5) formation are simulated to be more important in the future because of higher temperatures, higher biogenic emissions, and lower anthropogenic NO(x) and SO(2) emissions. C1 [Liao, Kuo-Jen; Tagaris, Efthimios; Manomaiphiboon, Kasemsan; Napelenok, Sergey L.; Russell, Armistead G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Woo, Jung-Hun; He, Shan; Amar, Praveen] NESCAUM, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Manomaiphiboon, Kasemsan] King Mongkuts Univ Thonburi, Joint Grad Sch Energy & Environm, Bangkok, Thailand. [Napelenok, Sergey L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Woo, Jung-Hun] Konkuk Univ, Dept Adv Technol Fus, Seoul, South Korea. RP Russell, AG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ted.russell@ce.gatech.edu RI Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8355 EP 8361 DI 10.1021/es070998z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240JB UT WOS:000251582800026 PM 18200863 ER PT J AU Kadko, D Gronvold, K Butterfield, D AF Kadko, David Gronvold, Karl Butterfield, David TI Application of radium isotopes to determine crustal residence times of hydrothermal fluids from two sites on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; RA-226 TH-230 DISEQUILIBRIUM; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DE-FUCA RIDGE; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; GALAPAGOS RIFT; NATURAL-WATERS; HOT-SPRINGS; ROCK; 21-DEGREES-N AB Radium isotopes were used to determine the crustal residence times of hydrothermal fluids from two geothermal wells (Svartsengi and Reykjanes) from the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. The availability of rock samples from the subsurface (to depths of 2400 m) allowed direct comparison of the radium isotopic characteristics of the fluids with those of the rocks within the high temperature and pressure reaction zone. The Ra-226 activity of the Svartsengi fluid was similar to one-fourth of the Reykjanes fluid and the Ra-228/Ra-226 ratio of the Svartsengi fluid was similar to twice that of Reykjanes. The fluid isotopic characteristics were relatively stable for both sites over the 6 years (2000-2006) of the study. It was determined, using a model that predicts the evolution of the fluid Ra-228/Ra-226 ratio with time, that both sites had fluid residence times, from the onset of high temperature water-rock reaction, of less than 5 years. Measurement of the short-lived Ra-224 and Ra-223 allowed estimation of the recoil input parameter used in the model. The derived timescale is consistent with results from similar studies of fluids from submarine systems, and has implications for the use of terrestrial systems in Iceland as an exploited energy resource. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kadko, David] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gronvold, Karl] Univ Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Butterfield, David] Univ Washington, NOAA, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kadko, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dkadko@rsmas.miami.edu RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 24 BP 6019 EP 6029 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.09.018 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 242ET UT WOS:000251708000012 ER PT J AU Zehr, RM Knaff, JA AF Zehr, Raymond M. Knaff, John A. TI Atlantic major hurricanes, 1995-2005 - Characteristics based on best-track, aircraft, and IR images SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSITY; SIZE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; OBJECTIVE SCHEME; WIND STRUCTURE; EL-NINO; RECONNAISSANCE; FREQUENCY; BASIN; RATES AB The Atlantic major hurricanes during the period of 1995-2005 are examined using best-track data, aircraft-based observations of central pressure, and infrared (IR) satellite images. There were 45 Atlantic major hurricanes (Saffir-Simpson category 3 or higher) during this 11-yr period, which is well above the long-term average. Descriptive statistics (e.g., average, variability, and range) of various characteristics are presented, including intensity, intensification rate, major hurricane duration, location, storm motion, size, and landfall observations. IR images are shown along with IR-derived quantities such as the digital Dvorak technique intensity and IR-defined cold cloud areas. In addition to the satellite intensity estimates, the associated component IR temperatures are documented. A pressure-wind relationship is evaluated, and the deviations of maximum intensity measurements from the pressure-wind relationship are discussed. The Atlantic major hurricane activity of the 1995-2005 period distinctly exceeds the long-term average; however, the average location where major hurricanes reach maximum intensity has not changed. The maximum intensity for each 1995-2005 Atlantic major hurricane is given both as the highest maximum surface wind (Vmax) and the lowest minimum sea level pressure (MSLP). Comparisons are made to other Atlantic major hurricanes with low MSLP back to 1950. Maximum 24-h intensification rates average 21.1 ms(-1) day(-1) and range up to 48.8 ms(-1) day(-1) in terms of Vmax. The largest 24-h MSLP decreases average 34.2 hPa and range from 15 to 97 hPa. Major hurricane duration averages 2.7 days with a maximum of 10 days. Hurricane size, as given by the average radius of gale force, wind at maximum intensity, averages 250.8 km and has an extremely large range from 92.5 to 427.4 km. C1 [Zehr, Raymond M.; Knaff, John A.] NESDIS, NOAA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Zehr, RM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, W LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Ray.Zehr@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 24 BP 5865 EP 5888 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1652.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246IN UT WOS:000252000800001 ER PT J AU Jiang, YB Froidevaux, L Lambert, A Livesey, NJ Read, WG Waters, JW Bojkov, B Leblanc, T McDermid, IS Godin-Beekmann, S Filipiak, MJ Harwood, RS Fuller, RA Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Cofield, RE Cuddy, DT Jarnot, RF Knosp, BW Perun, VS Schwartz, MJ Snyder, WV Stek, PC Thurstans, RP Wagner, PA Allaart, M Andersen, SB Bodeker, G Calpini, B Claude, H Coetzee, G Davies, J De Backer, H Dier, H Fujiwara, M Johnson, B Kelder, H Leme, NP Konig-Langlo, G Kyro, E Laneve, G Fook, LS Merrill, J Morris, G Newchurch, M Oltmans, S Parrondos, MC Posny, F Schmidlin, F Skrivankova, P Stubi, R Tarasick, D Thompson, A Thouret, V Viatte, P Vomel, H von Der Gathen, P Yela, M Zablocki, G AF Jiang, Y. B. Froidevaux, L. Lambert, A. Livesey, N. J. Read, W. G. Waters, J. W. Bojkov, B. Leblanc, T. McDermid, I. S. Godin-Beekmann, S. Filipiak, M. J. Harwood, R. S. Fuller, R. A. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Cofield, R. E. Cuddy, D. T. Jarnot, R. F. Knosp, B. W. Perun, V. S. Schwartz, M. J. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Thurstans, R. P. Wagner, P. A. Allaart, M. Andersen, S. B. Bodeker, G. Calpini, B. Claude, H. Coetzee, G. Davies, J. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Fujiwara, M. Johnson, B. Kelder, H. Leme, N. P. Koenig-Langlo, G. Kyro, E. Laneve, G. Fook, L. S. Merrill, J. Morris, G. Newchurch, M. Oltmans, S. Parrondos, M. C. Posny, F. Schmidlin, F. Skrivankova, P. Stubi, R. Tarasick, D. Thompson, A. Thouret, V. Viatte, P. Vomel, H. von Der Gathen, P. Yela, M. Zablocki, G. TI Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Ozone by ozonesonde and lidar measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ZONAL WAVE-ONE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; EOS MLS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; REMOTE MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PROFILES; MODEL; CLIMATOLOGY; TEMPERATURE AB [1] We present validation studies of MLS version 2.2 upper tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles using ozonesonde and lidar data as well as climatological data. Ozone measurements from over 60 ozonesonde stations worldwide and three lidar stations are compared with coincident MLS data. The MLS ozone stratospheric data between 150 and 3 hPa agree well with ozonesonde measurements, within 8% for the global average. MLS values at 215 hPa are biased high compared to ozonesondes by similar to 20% at middle to high latitude, although there is a lot of variability in this altitude region. Comparisons between MLS and ground-based lidar measurements from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, from the Table Mountain Facility, California, and from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France, give very good agreement, within similar to 5%, for the stratospheric values. The comparisons between MLS and the Table Mountain Facility tropospheric ozone lidar show that MLS data are biased high by similar to 30% at 215 hPa, consistent with that indicated by the ozonesonde data. We obtain better global average agreement between MLS and ozonesonde partial column values down to 215 hPa, although the average MLS values at low to middle latitudes are higher than the ozonesonde values by up to a few percent. MLS v2.2 ozone data agree better than the MLS v1.5 data with ozonesonde and lidar measurements. MLS tropical data show the wave one longitudinal pattern in the upper troposphere, with similarities to the average distribution from ozonesondes. High upper tropospheric ozone values are also observed by MLS in the tropical Pacific from June to November. C1 [Jiang, Y. B.; Froidevaux, L.; Lambert, A.; Livesey, N. J.; Read, W. G.; Waters, J. W.; Fuller, R. A.; Daffer, W. H.; Drouin, B. J.; Cofield, R. E.; Cuddy, D. T.; Jarnot, R. F.; Knosp, B. W.; Perun, V. S.; Schwartz, M. J.; Snyder, W. V.; Stek, P. C.; Thurstans, R. P.; Wagner, P. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bojkov, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Godin-Beekmann, S.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris, France. [Filipiak, M. J.; Harwood, R. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Allaart, M.; Kelder, H.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Andersen, S. B.] Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-20100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bodeker, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Calpini, B.; Stubi, R.; Viatte, P.] MeteoSwiss, Aerol Stn Payerne, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. [Claude, H.] German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Coetzee, G.] S African Weather Serv, ZA-0062 Irene, South Africa. [Davies, J.; Tarasick, D.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [De Backer, H.] Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Dier, H.] German Weather Serv, Meteor Observ Lindenberg, D-15864 Lindenberg, Germany. [Fujiwara, M.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Johnson, B.; Oltmans, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leme, N. P.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Lab Ozonio, BR-12201970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Koenig-Langlo, G.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Kyro, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, FIN-99600 Sodankyla, Finland. [Laneve, G.] Univ Rome, Ctr Ric Progetto San Marco, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Fook, L. S.] Malaysian Meteorol Serv, Selangor 46667, Malaysia. [Merrill, J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Morris, G.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Newchurch, M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Parrondos, M. C.; Yela, M.] Natl Inst Aerosp Technol, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. [Posny, F.] Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones, F-97715 La Reunion, France. [Schmidlin, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Skrivankova, P.] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Prague 14306, Czech Republic. [Thompson, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [Thouret, V.] CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Vomel, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [von Der Gathen, P.] Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Zablocki, G.] Inst Meteorol & Water Management, PL-05120 Legionowo, Poland. RP Jiang, YB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ybj@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Yela, Margarita/J-7346-2016; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Fujiwara, Masatomo/F-7852-2012; andersen, signe/C-4809-2013; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012 OI Yela, Margarita/0000-0003-3775-3156; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Laneve, Giovanni/0000-0001-6108-9764; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; andersen, signe/0000-0002-8216-0141; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107 NR 33 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S34 DI 10.1029/2007JD008776 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241YN UT WOS:000251691800002 ER PT J AU Stavros, HCW Bossart, GD Hulsey, TC Fair, PA AF Stavros, Hui-Chen W. Bossart, Gregory D. Hulsey, Thomas C. Fair, Patricia A. TI Trace element concentrations in skin of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeast Atlantic coast SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE trace element; methyl mercury; skin; free-ranging; cetacean; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus ID PORPOISE PHOCOENOIDES-DALLI; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HEAVY-METALS; MARINE MAMMALS; METHYL MERCURY; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS; CETACEANS; TISSUES; SELENIUM AB Concentrations of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, U, V, Zn) and total mercury (THg) were determined in skin samples collected from free-ranging bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations. Dolphins were captured in the estuarine waters of Charleston (CHS), South Carolina (n=74) and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida (n=75) during 2003, 2004 and 2005. A subset of the skin tissue samples were used to determine methylmercury (MeHg) levels in CHS (n=17) and IRL (n=8) bottlenose dolphins. Distributions of trace element concentrations by age (adult vs. juvenile), gender (male vs. female) and study area (CHS vs. IRL) were examined. In general, higher elemental skin concentrations were found in CHS adult males than those of IRL adult males, except for THg and MeHg. For CHS dolphins, adult females showed significantly higher THg levels than juvenile females while higher Mn levels were found in juvenile females. For IRL dolphins, adult males showed significantly higher As concentrations than that in juvenile males and females while higher Co and V levels were found in juvenile males than adult males. Of all elements measured in this study, significantly higher levels of Fe, Se and Zn concentrations in skin tissue of both dolphin populations were similar to other studies reported previously. Percentage of MeHg/THg in skin tissue of CHS and IRL dolphin was about 72% and 73%, respectively. Dietary levels of trace elements may play an important role in contributing to concentration differences for As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl between CHS and IRL dolphins. Total Hg concentrations were significantly correlated with the age of CHS dolphins, while an inverse relationship was detected for Cu, Mn, Pb, U and Zn. The only significant correlation found between trace element concentration and IRL dolphins' age was Mn. Geographic differences in several trace element concentrations (As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl) in skin tissue may be potentially useful to discriminate between dolphin populations and is a possibility that warrants further investigation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Stavros, HCW (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM huichen.stavros@noaa.gov NR 78 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 388 IS 1-3 BP 300 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.030 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 234SW UT WOS:000251185300027 PM 17765291 ER PT J AU Bryan, CE Christopher, SJ Balmer, BC Wells, RS AF Bryan, Colleen E. Christopher, Steven J. Balmer, Brian C. Wells, Randall S. TI Establishing baseline levels of trace elements in blood and skin of bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida: Implications for non-invasive monitoring SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Sarasota; Florida; trace elements; non-invasive monitoring; blood; skin; ICPMS; AFS ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; HEAVY-METALS; STRIPED DOLPHINS; SMALL CETACEANS; MARINE MAMMALS; WHOLE-BLOOD; TISSUES AB Several major unusual mortality events occurring in recent years have increased the level of concern for the health of bottlenose dolphin populations along the United States Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Trace element concentrations were examined in a population of free-ranging dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida, in order to develop a benchmark for future comparisons within and between populations. Whole blood (n = 5 1) and skin (n = 40) samples were collected through capture and release health assessment events during 2002-2004. Samples were analyzed for Al, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, and Pb by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and Hg via atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Trace element concentrations (wet mass) in skin were 2 to 45 times greater than blood, except Cu was approximately 1.5 times higher in blood. Statistically strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found for V, As, Se, Rb, Sr, and Hg between blood and skin demonstrating that these tissues can be used as effective non-lethal monitoring tools. The strongest correlation was established for Hg (r = 0.9689) and concentrations in both blood and skin were above the threshold at which detrimental effects are observed in other vertebrate species. Female dolphins had significantly greater Hg concentrations in blood and skin and Pb concentrations in skin, relative to males. Calves exhibited significantly lower V, As, and Hg concentrations in blood and V and Hg concentrations in skin, relative to other age classes. Rubidium and Cu concentrations in skin were greatest in subadults and calves, respectively. In blood, V, Zn, and As concentrations were significantly greater in winter, relative to summer, and the opposite trend was observed for Rb and Sr concentrations. In skin, Cu and Zn concentrations were significantly greater in winter, relative to summer, and the opposite trend was observed for Mn, Rb, Cd, and Pb concentrations. The baseline concentrations and trends established in this study will serve as a benchmark for comparison and aid in sampling design for future monitoring of this population and other coastal bottlenose dolphin populations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Bryan, CE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM colleen.bryan@nist.gov NR 57 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 388 IS 1-3 BP 325 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.046 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 234SW UT WOS:000251185300029 PM 17870146 ER PT J AU Bash, JO Miller, DR AF Bash, Jesse O. Miller, David R. TI A note on elevated total gaseous mercury concentrations downwind from an agriculture field during tilling SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE natural mercury emissions; mercury flux measurements; atmospheric deposition; agriculture emission; relaxed eddy accumulation ID FLUX MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS; SOIL; EXCHANGE; VAPOR; AIR; SURFACE; MODEL AB Elevated mercury concentrations were measured at the University of Connecticut's mercury forest flux tower during spring agricultural field operations on an adjacent corn field. Concentrations at the tower were elevated, a peak of 7.03 ng m(-3) over the background concentration of 1.74 +/- 0.26 ng m(-3), during times when the prevailing wind was from the direction of the corn field and during periods when the soil was disturbed by tilling. Strong deposition to the forest was recorded at the point of measurement when atmospheric mercury concentrations were elevated. The strongest deposition rate was a I hour maximum of -4011 ng m(-2) h(-1) following the initial peak in atmospheric concentrations, Analyses of the meteorological conditions and mercury content in agricultural soil, manure and the diesel consumed in the tilling operation indicate that the source of the mercury was from the agricultural tilling operations and it was advected over the tower enriching the atmospheric concentrations above the forest canopy leading to deposition. These results indicate that agriculture operations resulting in a disturbed soil surface may be a source of atmospheric mercury originating from the pool of mercury bound in the soil. This represents a previously undocumented source of mercury emissions resulting from anthropogenic activities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources Management & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Bash, JO (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM jesse.bash@uconn.edu RI Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; OI Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 388 IS 1-3 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 234SW UT WOS:000251185300034 PM 17707885 ER PT J AU Roth, PB Twiner, MJ Wanga, Z Dechraoui, MYB Doucette, GJ AF Roth, Patricia B. Twiner, Michael J. Wanga, Zhihong Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein Doucette, Gregory J. TI Fate and distribution of brevetoxin (PbTx) following lysis of Karenia brevis by algicidal bacteria, including analysis of open A-ring derivatives SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE brevetoxin (PbTx); algicidal bacteria; harmful algal bloom (HAB); open a-ring; LC/MS; receptor binding assay; N2A cytotoxicity assay; extracellular; hydrolytics ID SENSITIVE SODIUM-CHANNELS; FLORIDA RED TIDE; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; PROROCENTRUM-LIMA; DOMOIC ACID; EXPOSURE; BLOOMS AB Flavobacteriaceae (strain SO3) and Cytophaga sp. (strain 41-DBG2) are algicidal bacteria active against the brevetoxin (PbTx)-producing, red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Little is known about the fate of PbTx associated with K brevis cells following attack by such bacteria. The fate and distribution of PbTx in K brevis cultures exposed to these algicidal strains were thus examined by receptor binding assay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in three size fractions (>5,0.22-5, <0.22 mu m) over a 2-week time course. In control cultures, brevetoxin concentrations in the > 5 mu m particulate size fraction correlated with changes in cell density, whereas significant increases in dissolved (i.e., < 0.22 mu m) toxin were observed in the later stages of culture growth. Exposure of K brevis to either of the two algicidal bacteria tested caused cell lysis, coinciding with a rapid decline in the > 5 mu m PbTX size fraction and a simultaneous release of dissolved toxin into the growth medium. Upon cell lysis, dissolved brevetoxin accounted for ca. 60% of total toxin and consisted of 51-82% open A-ring derivatives. Open A-ring PbTx-2 and PbTx-3 derivatives bound with lower affinity (approximately 22- and 57-fold, respectively) to voltage-gated sodium channels and were considerably less cytotoxic (86- and 142-fold, respectively) to N2A cells than their individual parent toxins (i.e., PbTx-2 and PbTx-3). These novel findings of changes in PbTx size-fractioned distribution and overall reduction in K brevis toxicity following attack by algicidal bacteria improve our understanding of potential trophic transfer routes and the fate of PbTx during red tide events. Moreover, this information will be important to consider when evaluating the potential role of algicidal bacteria in harmful algal bloom (HAB) management strategies involving control of bloom populations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roth, Patricia B.; Twiner, Michael J.; Wanga, Zhihong; Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottein; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Twiner, Michael J.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Twiner, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Mike.Twiner@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 58 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1175 EP 1191 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.08.003 PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 239ZX UT WOS:000251557900015 PM 17905402 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF Dudowicz, J Freed, KF AF Douglas, Jack F. Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. TI Lattice model of equilibrium polymerization. VI. Measures of fluid "complexity" and search for generalized corresponding states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; PHYSIOLOGICAL SALT-SOLUTIONS; CHARGED POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; SCALE SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; UNIVERSAL COEXISTENCE CURVE; LIQUID SULFUR SOLUTIONS; MOLAR-MASS COMPOUNDS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-SEPARATION AB Particle association in "complex" fluids containing charged, polar, or polymeric molecular species often leads to deviations from the corresponding state description of "simple" fluids in which the molecules are assumed to have relatively symmetric interactions and shapes. This fundamental problem is addressed by developing a minimal thermodynamic model of activated equilibrium polymerization solutions that incorporates effects associated with the competition between van der Waals and associative interactions, as well as features related to molecular anisotropy and many-body interactions. As a dual purpose, we focus on thermodynamic signatures that can be used to identify the nature of dynamic clustering transitions and the interaction parameters associated with these rounded thermodynamic transitions. The analysis begins by examining "singular" features in the concentration dependence of the osmotic pressure Pi that generically characterize the onset of particle association. Because molecular self-assembly can strongly couple with fluid phase separation, evidence is also sought for associative interactions in the behavior of the second A(2) and third A(3) osmotic virial coefficients. In particular, the temperatures T(Theta 2) and T(Theta 3) where A(2) and A(3), respectively, vanish are found to contain valuable information about the relative strength of the associative and van der Waals interactions. The critical temperature T(c) for phase separation, the critical composition phi(c), and the rectilinear diameter A(d), describing the asymmetry of the coexistence curve for phase separation, along with the average cluster mass L(c) and extent of polymerization Phi(c) at the critical point, further specify the relevant interaction parameters of our model. Collectively, these characteristic properties provide a thermodynamic metric for defining fluid complexity and in developing a theoretically based corresponding state relation for complex fluids. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Freed, KF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM k-freed@uchicago.edu NR 152 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 22 AR 224901 DI 10.1063/1.2785187 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 241TO UT WOS:000251678900043 PM 18081420 ER PT J AU Giot, M Chapon, LC Androulakis, J Green, MA Radaelli, PG Lappas, A AF Giot, Maud Chapon, Laurent C. Androulakis, John Green, Mark A. Radaelli, Paolo G. Lappas, Alexandros TI Magnetoelastic coupling and symmetry breaking in the frustrated antiferromagnet alpha-NaMnO(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; MODEL; SCATTERING; CS2CUCL4; LATTICE; ORDER AB The magnetic and crystal structures of the alpha-NaMnO(2) have been determined by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. The system maps out a frustrated triangular spin lattice with anisotropic interactions that displays two-dimensional spin correlations below 200 K. Magnetic frustration is lifted through magneto-elastic coupling, evidenced by strong anisotropic broadening of the diffraction profiles at high temperature and ultimately by a structural phase transition at 45 K. In this low-temperature regime a three-dimensional antiferromagnetic state is observed with a propagation vector k=(1/2, 1/2, 0). C1 [Giot, Maud; Androulakis, John; Lappas, Alexandros] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. [Giot, Maud; Chapon, Laurent C.; Radaelli, Paolo G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Giot, M (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Lappas, Alexandros/F-6771-2011 OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; NR 26 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 247211 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.247211 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300063 PM 18233486 ER PT J AU Niebieskikwiat, D Hueso, LE Borchers, JA Mathur, ND Salamon, MB AF Niebieskikwiat, D. Hueso, L. E. Borchers, J. A. Mathur, N. D. Salamon, M. B. TI Nanoscale magnetic structure of ferromagnet/antiferromagnet manganite multilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; PHASE-SEPARATION; SUPERLATTICES; INTERFACE; SURFACE; OXIDES AB We use polarized neutron reflectometry and dc magnetometry to obtain a comprehensive picture of the magnetic structure of a series of La(2/3)Sr(1/3)MnO(3)/Pr(2/3)Ca(1/3)MnO(3) (LSMO/PCMO) superlattices, with varying thickness of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) PCMO layers (0 <= t(A)<= 7.6 nm). While LSMO presents a few magnetically frustrated monolayers at the interfaces with PCMO, in the latter a magnetic contribution due to ferromagnetic (FM) inclusions within the AFM matrix is maximized at t(A)similar to 3 nm. This enhancement of FM moment occurs at the matching between layer thickness and cluster size, implying the possibility of tuning phase separation by imposing appropriate geometrical constraints which favor the accommodation of FM nanoclusters within the "non-FM" material. C1 [Niebieskikwiat, D.; Salamon, M. B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Niebieskikwiat, D.] Univ San Francisco, Colegio Ciencias Ingn, Quito, Ecuador. [Hueso, L. E.; Mathur, N. D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Hueso, L. E.] Univ Leeds, Dept Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Borchers, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Salamon, MB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Hueso, Luis/C-8713-2009 OI Hueso, Luis/0000-0002-7918-8047 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 247207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.247207 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300059 PM 18233482 ER PT J AU Hoegh-Guldberg, O Mumby, PJ Hooten, AJ Steneck, RS Greenfield, P Gomez, E Harvell, CD Sale, PF Edwards, AJ Caldeira, K Knowlton, N Eakin, CM Iglesias-Prieto, R Muthiga, N Bradbury, RH Dubi, A Hatziolos, ME AF Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Mumby, P. J. Hooten, A. J. Steneck, R. S. Greenfield, P. Gomez, E. Harvell, C. D. Sale, P. F. Edwards, A. J. Caldeira, K. Knowlton, N. Eakin, C. M. Iglesias-Prieto, R. Muthiga, N. Bradbury, R. H. Dubi, A. Hatziolos, M. E. TI Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLACIAL CYCLES; MARINE; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; DISTURBANCES; RECRUITMENT; THRESHOLDS; RESILIENCE; INTENSITY AB Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2 degrees C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed those of at least the past 420,000 years during which most extant marine organisms evolved. Under conditions expected in the 21st century, global warming and ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion, with corals becoming increasingly rare on reef systems. The result will be less diverse reef communities and carbonate reef structures that fail to be maintained. Climate change also exacerbates local stresses from declining water quality and overexploitation of key species, driving reefs increasingly toward the tipping point for functional collapse. This review presents future scenarios for coral reefs that predict increasingly serious consequences for reef- associated fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, and people. As the International Year of the Reef 2008 begins, scaled- up management intervention and decisive action on global emissions are required if the loss of coral- dominated ecosystems is to be avoided. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. AJH Environm Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Univ Queensland, The Chancellery, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. United Nations Univ, Int Network Water Environm & Hlth, Hamilton, ON L8N 1E9, Canada. Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Acad Puerto Morelos, Cancun 77500, QR, Mexico. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Resource Management Asia Pacific Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Dar Es Salaam, Inst Marine Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. World Bank, Dept Environm, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Hoegh-Guldberg, O (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM oveh@uq.edu.au RI Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto/E-4921-2011; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Sale, Patrizio /K-8757-2016; OI Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713; Sale, Patrizio /0000-0002-4850-3673; Dubi, Alfonse/0000-0002-7003-3591 NR 52 TC 1866 Z9 1917 U1 729 U2 4326 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5857 BP 1737 EP 1742 DI 10.1126/science.1152509 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240VR UT WOS:000251616800029 PM 18079392 ER PT J AU Sudheesh, PS Crane, S Cain, KD Strom, MS AF Sudheesh, Ponnerassery S. Crane, Samuel Cain, Kenneth D. Strom, Mark S. TI Sortase inhibitor phenyl vinyl sulfone inhibits Renibacterium salmoninarum adherence and invasion of host cells SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Renibacterium salmoninarum; bacterial kidney disease; anti-virulence chemotherapy; adherence; invasion; host cell sortase inhibitor; phenyl vinyl sulfone ID GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS SORTASE; SURFACE-PROTEINS; KIDNEY-DISEASE; CAUSATIVE AGENT; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; WALL ENVELOPE; SRTA GENE; VIRULENCE AB Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fishes, is a Gram-positive diplococcobacillus belonging to the family Micrococcaceae. Analysis of the genome sequence of the bacterium demonstrated the presence of a sortase homolog (srtD), a gene specifying an enzyme found in Gram-positive bacteria and required for covalent anchoring of cell surface proteins. Interference of sortase activity is being examined as a target for therapeutic prevention of infection by several pathogenic Gram-positive bacterial species. In silico analysis identified 8 open reading frames containing sortase recognition motifs, suggesting these proteins are translocated to the bacterial cell wall. The sortase and potential sortase substrate genes are transcribed in R. salmoninarum, suggesting they encode functional proteins. Treatment of R. salmoninarum with phenyl vinyl sulfone (PVS) significantly reduced bacterial adherence to Chinook salmon fibronectin. In addition, the ability of the PVS-treated bacteria to adhere to Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE-214) in vitro was dramatically reduced compared to that of untreated bacteria. More importantly, PVS-treated bacteria were unable to invade and replicate within CHSE-214 cells (demonstrated by an intracellular growth assay and by light microscopy). When treated with PVS, R. salmoninarum was not cytopathic to CHSE-214 cells, whereas untreated bacteria produced cytopathology within a few days. These findings clearly show that PVS, a small molecule drug and a known sortase inhibitor, can interfere with the ability of R. salmoninarum to adhere and colonize fish cells, with a corresponding decrease in virulence. C1 [Sudheesh, Ponnerassery S.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sudheesh, Ponnerassery S.; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Sudheesh, Ponnerassery S.; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Strom, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.strom@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.3354/dao01859 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 253VU UT WOS:000252546500004 PM 18286808 ER PT J AU Forster, PM Bodeker, G Schofield, R Solomon, S Thompson, D AF Forster, Piers M. Bodeker, Greg Schofield, Robyn Solomon, Susan Thompson, David TI Effects of ozone cooling in the tropical lower stratosphere and upper troposphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRENDS; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT; RADIOSONDE DATA; VARIABILITY; MODELS; OZONESONDES; REANALYSES; PROFILES; BEHAVIOR AB In this paper, we examine the tropical lower stratosphere and upper troposphere and elucidate the key role of ozone changes in driving temperature trends in this region. We use a radiative fixed dynamical heating model to show that the effects of tropical ozone decreases at 70 hPa and lower pressures can lead to significant cooling not only at stratospheric levels, but also in the ''sub-stratosphere/ upper tropospheric'' region around 150-70 hPa. The impact of stratospheric ozone depletion on upper tropospheric temperatures stems from reduced longwave emission from above. The results provide a possible explanation for the long-standing discrepancy between modeled and measured temperature trends in the uppermost tropical troposphere and can explain the latitudinal near-homogeneity of recent stratospheric temperature trends. C1 [Forster, Piers M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Bodeker, Greg] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Schofield, Robyn; Solomon, Susan] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schofield, Robyn] Univ Colorado, Coop Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Schofield, Robyn] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Thompson, David] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Forster, PM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RI Schofield, Robyn/A-4062-2010; Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Schofield, Robyn/0000-0002-4230-717X; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171; Bodeker, Gregory/0000-0003-1094-5852 NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 23 AR L23813 DI 10.1029/2007GL031994 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 241XW UT WOS:000251690100005 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Soden, BJ AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Soden, Brian J. TI Effect of remote sea surface temperature change on tropical cyclone potential intensity SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE ACTIVITY; FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; ENVIRONMENT; REANALYSIS; SIMULATION; RAINFALL; INCREASE; MAXIMUM AB The response of tropical cyclone activity to global warming is widely debated(1-10). It is often assumed that warmer sea surface temperatures provide a more favourable environment for the development and intensification of tropical cyclones, but cyclone genesis and intensity are also affected by the vertical thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere(1,10-13). Here we use climate models and observational reconstructions to explore the relationship between changes in sea surface temperature and tropical cyclone 'potential intensity' - a measure that provides an upper bound on cyclone intensity(10-14) and can also reflect the likelihood of cyclone development(15,16). We find that changes in local sea surface temperature are inadequate for characterizing even the sign of changes in potential intensity, but that long- term changes in potential intensity are closely related to the regional structure of warming; regions that warm more than the tropical average are characterized by increased potential intensity, and vice versa. We use this relationship to reconstruct changes in potential intensity over the twentieth century from observational reconstructions of sea surface temperature. We find that, even though tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures are currently at a historical high, Atlantic potential intensity probably peaked in the 1930s and 1950s, and recent values are near the historical average. Our results indicate that - per unit local sea surface temperature change - the response of tropical cyclone activity to natural climate variations, which tend to involve localized changes in sea surface temperature, may be larger than the response to the more uniform patterns of greenhouse- gas- induced warming. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Gabriel.A.Vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X NR 32 TC 184 Z9 185 U1 11 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7172 BP 1066 EP U9 DI 10.1038/nature06423 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240HY UT WOS:000251579900083 PM 18075590 ER PT J AU Tominaga, T Tirumala, VR Lin, EK Gong, JP Furukawa, H Osada, Y Wu, WL AF Tominaga, Taiki Tirumala, Vijay R. Lin, Eric K. Gong, Jian Ping Furukawa, Hidemitsu Osada, Yoshihito Wu, Wen-li TI The molecular origin of enhanced toughness in double-network hydrogels: A neutron scattering study SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE hydrogels; small-angle neutron scattering; solution blends ID HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH; GELS; PERFORMANCE; SANS AB Double-network hydrogels (DN-gels) are a new class of crosslinked polymer networks with extraordinary mechanical properties while containing 80-90 vol.% water. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was applied to investigate the molecular origin of the mechanical properties observed in DN-gels. We present SANS results in both deformed and undeformed conditions for a tough DN-gel made of poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and polyacrylamide (PAAm). The SANS measurements indicate that deformation of DN-gels results in periodic and mesoscale (similar to 1.5 mu m) compositional fluctuations in both PAMPS and PAAm. In addition, SANS measurements also indicate that the DN-gel constituents interact favorably with each other while in water. This favorable interaction between PAMPS and PAAm is consistent with the rheological results on solution mixtures of these two polymers. The implications of the above observations to toughening mechanisms are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tominaga, Taiki; Tirumala, Vijay R.; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tominaga, Taiki; Gong, Jian Ping; Furukawa, Hidemitsu; Osada, Yoshihito] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Tirumala, Vijay R.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wenli@nist.gov RI Gong, Jian Ping/B-7019-2009; OI Gong, Jian Ping/0000-0003-2228-2750; Tominaga, Taiki/0000-0002-6782-6005 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 26 BP 7449 EP 7454 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.016 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 250GW UT WOS:000252289000003 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Delworth, TL AF Zhang, Rong Delworth, Thomas L. TI Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on North Pacific climate variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SST ANOMALIES; OCEAN; HEMISPHERE; DYNAMICS AB In this paper, we found that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) can contribute to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), especially the component of the PDO that is linearly independent of El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO), i.e. the North Pacific Multidecadal Oscillation (NPMO), and the associated Pacific/North America (PNA) pattern. Using a hybrid version of the GFDL CM2.1 climate model, we show that the AMO provides a source of multidecadal variability to the North Pacific, and needs to be considered along with other forcings for North Pacific climate change. The lagged North Pacific response to the North Atlantic forcing is through atmospheric teleconnections and reinforced by oceanic dynamics and positive air-sea feedback over the North Pacific. The results indicate that a North Pacific regime shift, opposite to the 1976-77 shift, might occur now a decade after the switch of the observed AMO to a positive phase around 1995. C1 [Zhang, Rong; Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 NR 18 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 23 AR L23708 DI 10.1029/2007GL031601 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 241XV UT WOS:000251690000002 ER PT J AU Nandori, I Vad, K Meszaros, S Jentschura, UD Nagy, S Sailer, K AF Nandori, I. Vad, K. Meszaros, S. Jentschura, U. D. Nagy, S. Sailer, K. TI Applicability of layered sine-Gordon models to layered superconductors: II. The case of magnetic coupling SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP METHOD; PHASE-STRUCTURE; 2-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; FIELD-THEORY; VORTICES; VORTEX; FILMS AB In this paper, we propose a quantum field theoretical renormalization group approach to the vortex dynamics of magnetically coupled layered superconductors, to supplement our earlier investigations on the Josephson-coupled case. We construct a two-dimensional multi-layer sine-Gordon type model which we map onto a gas of topological excitations. With a special choice of the mass matrix for our field theoretical model, vortex dominated properties of magnetically coupled layered superconductors can be described. The well known interaction potentials of fractional flux vortices are consistently obtained from our field theoretical analysis, and the physical parameters ( vortex fugacity and temperature parameter) are also identified. We analyse the phase structure of the multi-layer sine-Gordon model by a differential renormalization group method for the magnetically coupled case from first principles. The dependence of the transition temperature on the number of layers is found to be in agreement with known results based on other methods. C1 [Nandori, I.; Vad, K.; Meszaros, S.] Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Nandori, I.; Jentschura, U. D.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Jentschura, U. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagy, S.; Sailer, K.] Univ Debrecen, Dept Theoret Phys, Debrecen, Hungary. RP Nandori, I (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, PO Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 49 AR 496211 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/49/496211 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 243LH UT WOS:000251797700012 ER PT J AU Cooper, OR Trainer, M Thompson, AM Oltmans, SJ Tarasick, DW Witte, JC Stohl, A Eckhardt, S Lelieveld, J Newchurch, MJ Johnson, BJ Portmann, RW Kalnajs, L Dubey, MK Leblanc, T McDermid, IS Forbes, G Wolfe, D Carey-Smith, T Morris, GA Lefer, B Rappengluck, B Joseph, E Schmidlin, F Meagher, J Fehsenfeld, FC Keating, TJ Van Curen, RA Minschwaner, K AF Cooper, O. R. Trainer, M. Thompson, A. M. Oltmans, S. J. Tarasick, D. W. Witte, J. C. Stohl, A. Eckhardt, S. Lelieveld, J. Newchurch, M. J. Johnson, B. J. Portmann, R. W. Kalnajs, L. Dubey, M. K. Leblanc, T. McDermid, I. S. Forbes, G. Wolfe, D. Carey-Smith, T. Morris, G. A. Lefer, B. Rappengluck, B. Joseph, E. Schmidlin, F. Meagher, J. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Keating, T. J. Van Curen, R. A. Minschwaner, K. TI Evidence for a recurring eastern North America upper tropospheric ozone maximum during summer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; ART.; CLIMATE; TRANSPORT; ENHANCEMENT; POLLUTION; FLEXPART; SURFACE; TRENDS AB Daily ozonesondes were launched from 14 North American sites during August 2006, providing the best set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever gathered across the continent in a single season. The data reveal a distinct upper tropospheric ozone maximum above eastern North America and centered over the southeastern USA. Recurring each year, the location and strength of the ozone maximum is influenced by the summertime upper tropospheric anticyclone that traps convectively lofted ozone, ozone precursors and lightning NOx above the southeastern USA. The North American summer monsoon that flows northward along the Rocky Mountains is embedded within the western side of the anticyclone and also marks the westernmost extent of the ozone maximum. Removing the influence from stratospheric intrusions, median ozone mixing ratios (78 ppbv) in the upper troposphere (> 6 km) above Alabama, near the center of the anticyclone, were nearly twice the level above the U. S. west coast. Simulations by an atmospheric chemistry general circulation model indicate lightning NOx emissions led to the production of 25-30 ppbv of ozone at 250 hPa above the southern United States during the study period. On the regional scale the ozone enhancement above the southeastern United States produced a positive all-sky adjusted radiative forcing up to 0.50 W m(-2). C1 [Cooper, O. R.; Trainer, M.; Oltmans, S. J.; Johnson, B. J.; Portmann, R. W.; Wolfe, D.; Meagher, J.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Witte, J. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stohl, A.; Eckhardt, S.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Lelieveld, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Newchurch, M. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Kalnajs, L.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Forbes, G.] Meteorol Serv Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada. [Forbes, G.] Meteorol Serv Canada, Sable Island, NS, Canada. [Morris, G. A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Lefer, B.; Rappengluck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Schmidlin, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Van Curen, R. A.] Calif Air Resources Board, Div Res, Atmospher Proc Res Sect, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Minschwaner, K.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Cooper, OR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; NR 40 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D23 AR D23304 DI 10.1029/2007JD008710 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241YD UT WOS:000251690800002 ER PT J AU Trapp, RJ Diffenbaugh, NS Brooks, HE Baldwin, ME Robinson, ED Pal, JS AF Trapp, Robert J. Diffenbaugh, Noah S. Brooks, Harold E. Baldwin, Michael E. Robinson, Eric D. Pal, Jeremy S. TI Changes in severe thunderstorm environment frequency during the 21st century caused by anthropogenically enhanced global radiative forcing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; United States; convective storm ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; PROBABILITY; REANALYSIS; SIMULATION; EXTREMES AB Severe thunderstorms comprise an extreme class of deep convective clouds and produce high-impact weather such as destructive surface winds, hail, and tornadoes. This study addresses the question of how severe thunderstorm frequency in the United States might change because of enhanced global radiative forcing associated with elevated greenhouse gas concentrations. We use global climate models and a high-resolution regional climate model to examine the larger-scale (or "environmental") meteorological conditions that foster severe thunderstorm formation. Across this model suite, we find a net increase during the late 21st century in the number of days in which these severe thunderstorm environmental conditions (NDSEV) occur. Attributed primarily to increases in atmospheric water vapor within the planetary boundary layer, the largest increases in NDSEV are shown during the summer season, in proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coastal regions. For example, this analysis suggests a future increase in NDSEV of 100% or more in locations such as Atlanta, GA, and New York, NY. Any direct application of these results to the frequency of actual storms also must consider the storm initiation. C1 [Trapp, Robert J.; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Baldwin, Michael E.; Robinson, Eric D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Trapp, Robert J.; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Baldwin, Michael E.; Robinson, Eric D.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Pal, Jeremy S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Pal, Jeremy S.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP Trapp, RJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM jtrapp@purdue.edu RI Diffenbaugh, Noah/I-5920-2014 OI Diffenbaugh, Noah/0000-0002-8856-4964 NR 32 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 35 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 50 BP 19719 EP 19723 DI 10.1073/pnas.0705494104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 242UR UT WOS:000251752200015 ER PT J AU Boulbry, B Ramella-Roman, JC Germer, TA AF Boulbry, Bruno Ramella-Roman, Jessica C. Germer, Thomas A. TI Improved method for calibrating a Stokes polarimeter SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MUELLER MATRIX POLARIMETER; POLARIZED-LIGHT; ERROR ANALYSIS; FORMALISM; IMAGES AB We present a method for calibrating a polarization state analyzer that uses a set of well-characterized reference polarization states and makes no assumptions about the optics contained in the polarimeter other than their linearity. The method requires that a matrix be constructed that contains the data acquired for each of the reference polarization states and that this matrix be pseudoinverted. Since this matrix is usually singular, we improve the method by performing the pseudoinversion by singular value decomposition, keeping only the four largest singular values. We demonstrate the calibration technique using an imaging polarimeter based upon liquid crystal variable retarders and with light emitting diode (LED) illumination centered at 472 nm, 525 mn, and 630 nm. We generate the reference polarization states by using an unpolarized source, a single polarizer, and a Fresnel rhomb. This method is particularly useful when calibrations are performed on field-grade instruments at a centrally maintained facility and when a traceability chain needs to be maintained. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Boulbry, Bruno; Germer, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. [Ramella-Roman, Jessica C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Biomed Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. EM germer@nist.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 35 BP 8533 EP 8541 DI 10.1364/AO.46.008533 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 249LE UT WOS:000252229000019 PM 18071386 ER PT J AU Hadfield, RH Dalgarno, PA O'Connor, JA Ramsay, E Warburton, RJ Gansen, EJ Baek, B Stevens, MJ Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Hadfield, Robert H. Dalgarno, Paul A. O'Connor, John A. Ramsay, Euan Warburton, Richard J. Gansen, Eric J. Baek, Burm Stevens, Martin J. Mirin, Richard P. Nam, Sae Woo TI Submicrometer photoresponse mapping of nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report on the photoresponse mapping of nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors using a focal spot significantly smaller than the device area (10x10 mu m(2)). Using a confocal microscope configuration and solid immersion lens, we achieve a spot size of 320 nm full width at half maximum onto the device at 470 nm wavelength. We compare the response maps of two devices: The higher detection efficiency device gives a uniform response, whereas the lower detection efficiency device is limited by a single defect or constriction. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hadfield, Robert H.; Dalgarno, Paul A.; O'Connor, John A.; Ramsay, Euan; Warburton, Richard J.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Gansen, Eric J.; Baek, Burm; Stevens, Martin J.; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hadfield, RH (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM r.h.hadfield@hw.ac.uk RI Ramsay, Euan/A-6209-2009; Dalgarno, Paul/A-4065-2010; Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 24 AR 241108 DI 10.1063/1.2824384 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TM UT WOS:000251678700008 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Gundlach, DJ McCulloch, I Heeney, M AF Hamadani, B. H. Gundlach, D. J. McCulloch, I. Heeney, M. TI Undoped polythiophene field-effect transistors with mobility of 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; CARRIER MOBILITY; POLYMER; TRANSPORT AB We report on charge transport in organic field-effect transistors based on poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) as the active polymer layer with saturation field-effect mobilities as large as 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). This is achieved by employing Pt instead of the commonly used Au as the contacting electrode and allows for a significant reduction in the metal/polymer contact resistance. The mobility increases as a function of decreasing channel length, consistent with a Poole-Frenkel model of charge transport, and reaches record mobilities of 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) or more at channel lengths on the order of few microns in an undoped solution-processed polymer cast on an oxide gate dielectric. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hamadani, B. H.; Gundlach, D. J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCulloch, I.; Heeney, M.] Merck Chem, Chilworth Sci Pk, Southampton S016 7QD, Hants, England. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov; david.gundlach@nist.gov RI Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020 NR 18 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 24 AR 243512 DI 10.1063/1.2824845 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TM UT WOS:000251678700084 ER PT J AU Zhang, RH Busalacchi, AJ Xue, Y AF Zhang, Rong-Hua Busalacchi, Antonio J. Xue, Yan TI Decadal change in the relationship between the oceanic entrainment temperature and thermocline depth in the far western tropical Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB The interaction between the thermocline and mixed layer is a key process important to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific climate system. Decadal changes in the relationships between the depth of 20 degrees C isotherm (D-20C) and the temperature of subsurface water entrained into the mixed layer (T-e) are analyzed using observed temperature data during the periods 1955-2003 in association with the 1976-77 climate shift. The thermocline in the western tropical Pacific is anomalously deep before the shift, but shallow after the shift. It is found that the relationship has undergone decadal change in the far western tropical Pacific (west of 160 degrees E). The effects of the decadal changes in the D-20C-T-e relationships on ENSO properties are further examined using an intermediate coupled model (ICM). It is demonstrated that ENSO properties are sensitive to the decadal changes in the D-20C-T-e relationship in the far western tropical Pacific. C1 Univ Maryland, Earth Sci Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhang, RH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Sci Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Comp & Space Sci Bldg,Rm 2231, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rzhang@essic.umd.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 23 AR L23612 DI 10.1029/2007GL032119 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 239NL UT WOS:000251524900007 ER PT J AU Boettinger, WJ Guyer, JE Campbell, CE McFadden, GB AF Boettinger, W. J. Guyer, J. E. Campbell, C. E. McFadden, G. B. TI Computation of the Kirkendall velocity and displacement fields in a one-dimensional binary diffusion couple with a moving interface SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diffusion; deformation; similarity solution; Boltzmann-Matano; phase field; DICTRA ID DEFORMATION; MIGRATION; INTERDIFFUSION; PLANE AB The moving interface problem in a one-dimensional binary alpha/beta diffusion couple is studied using sharp and diffuse interface (Cahn-Hilliard) approaches. With both methods, we calculate the solute field and the Kirkendall marker velocity and displacement fields. In the sharp interface treatment, the velocity field is generally discontinuous at the interphase boundary, but can be integrated to obtain a displacement field that is continuous everywhere. The diffuse interface approach avoids this discontinuity, simplifies the integration and yet gives the same qualitative behaviour. Special features observed experimentally and reported in the literature are also studied with the two methods: (i) multiple Kirkendall planes, where markers placed on the initial compositional discontinuity of the diffusion couple bifurcate into two locations, and (ii) a Kirkendall plane that coincides with the interphase interface. These situations occur with special values of the interdiffusion coefficients and starting couple compositions. The details of the deformation in these special situations are given using both methods and are discussed in terms of the stress-free strain rate associated with the Kirkendall effect. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guyer, JE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.boettinger@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 J9 P R SOC A JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD DEC 8 PY 2007 VL 463 IS 2088 BP 3347 EP 3373 DI 10.1098/rspa.2007.1904 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 235OX UT WOS:000251245300015 ER PT J AU Zhou, HD Vogt, BW Janik, JA Jo, YJ Balicas, L Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Gardner, JS Wiebe, CR AF Zhou, H. D. Vogt, B. W. Janik, J. A. Jo, Y. -J. Balicas, L. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Gardner, J. S. Wiebe, C. R. TI Partial field-induced magnetic order in the spin-liquid kagome Nd(3)Ga(5)SiO(14) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7; TRIANGULAR LATTICE; STATE AB The distorted kagome system Nd(3)Ga(5)SiO(14) has been investigated with neutron scattering down to 0.046 K with no evidence of magnetic long range order of the Nd(3+) moments in a zero field. Substantial diffuse scattering is observed which is in agreement with nearest-neighbor correlations between the fluctuating spins. Upon the application of a field in the c direction, the diffuse scattering is reduced in intensity while the magnetic Bragg peaks grow in intensity to saturate by 1 T to 1/2 of the expected magnetization. These measurements suggest that a unique spin-liquid state develops in Nd(3)Ga(5)SiO(14) with a frustration index of f similar to|theta|/T(C)>= 1300. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cwiebe@magnet.fsu.edu RI Balicas, Luis/A-3110-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 7 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 23 AR 236401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.236401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 238MD UT WOS:000251451000042 PM 18233386 ER PT J AU Shen, J Pullela, S Marquez, M Cheng, ZD AF Shen, Jingyi Pullela, Srinivasa Marquez, Manuel Cheng, Zhengdong TI Ternary phase diagram for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction-induced mechanical oscillation of intelligent PNIPAM colloids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE-INSOLUBLE CHANGES; CLOSED CHEMICAL-SYSTEM; POLYMER GELS; SELF-OSCILLATION; HARD-SPHERES; MALONIC-ACID; WAVES; CHAOS; CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction-induced mechanical oscillation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gel particles was investigated by the systematic variation of BZ substrate concentrations. The correlation between the dynamic behavior and substrate concentrations was presented in a ternary phase diagram. Both oscillatory and steady-state regimes exist on the phase diagram and are separated by a high-frequency oscillation band. Dependence of oscillation frequency and induction time on the substrate concentrations was also studied. To achieve size uniformity, these PNIPAM gel particles with covalently bound tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) were synthesized via the coordination chemistry between a ruthenium complex and the monodispersed PNIPAM gel particles bearing bipyridine ligands. C1 Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Grp Postgrad Program, INEST, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Cheng, ZD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM zhengdong.cheng@chemail.tamu.edu NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 6 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 48 BP 12081 EP 12085 DI 10.1021/jp072574x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 236GP UT WOS:000251291300004 PM 17994710 ER PT J AU Bauer, BJ Becker, ML Bajpai, V Fagan, JA Hobbie, EK Migler, K Guttman, CM Blair, WR AF Bauer, Barry J. Becker, Matthew L. Bajpai, Vardhan Fagan, Jeffrey A. Hobbie, Erik K. Migler, Kalman Guttman, Charles M. Blair, William R. TI Measurement of single-wall nanotube dispersion by size exclusion chromatography SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARBON NANOTUBES; LENGTH SEPARATION; PURIFICATION; SUSPENSIONS; SWNTS AB Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is shown to be an effective method to characterize single-wall carbon nanotube (SAWT) dispersions. SEC separates nanotube dispersions by size, and an on-line viscosity detector gives intrinsic viscosity as a function of hydrodynamic size, as is determined by universal calibration. The scaling contains information about the shape of the dispersed particles. This characterization method was tested on three representative dispersions, octadecylamine functionalization (SWNT-ODA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF), butyl group functionalization (SWNT-butyl) in THF, and DNA wrapping (SWNT/DNA) in aqueous solution. Significant differences between the dispersions were found. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) produced results consistent with the SEC method. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bauer, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barry.bauer@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 6 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 48 BP 17914 EP 17918 DI 10.1021/jp07l494q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 236GV UT WOS:000251291900036 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Chung, KY McBreen, J Fischer, DA Yang, XQ AF Yoon, Won-Sub Chung, Kyung Yoon McBreen, James Fischer, Daniel A. Yang, Xiao-Qing TI Electronic structural changes of the electrochemically Li-ion deintercalated LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP CNRS DE soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy; LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2; lithium rechargeable batteries; XAS ID OK-EDGE; BATTERIES; SYSTEM AB In situ hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at metal K-edges and soft XAS at 0 K-edge and metal L-edges have been carried out during the first charging process for the layered Li1-xNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material. The metal K-edge XAS results show that the major charge compensation at the metal site during Li-ion deintercalation is achieved by the oxidation of Ni ions, while the cobalt ions remain mostly unchanged in the Co3+ state. Ni L-II,L-III-edge and O K-edge XAS results in both the fluorescence yield (FY) and partial electron yield (PEY) modes show that substantial amount of Ni ions at the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 powders exist as Ni2+, whereas most of Ni ions in the bulk are in the form of Ni3+. Therefore, if the PEY mode, which is a surface-sensitive technique, is used alone, the interpretation of the results is limited to the surface structures only. In order to get the full picture of both the surface and the bulk, the FY mode and PEY mode should be used simultaneously. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, Won-Sub; Chung, Kyung Yoon; McBreen, James; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wonsuby@bnl.gov RI Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 OI Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X; NR 16 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 6 PY 2007 VL 174 IS 2 BP 1015 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.06.214 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 246PX UT WOS:000252020500127 ER PT J AU Murawski, SA AF Murawski, Steven A. TI Body size: The structure and function of aquatic ecosystems SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Murawski, SA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 6 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7171 BP 794 EP 794 DI 10.1038/450794a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 237RU UT WOS:000251394900026 ER PT J AU Srivastava, Y Marquez, M Thorsen, T AF Srivastava, Yasmin Marquez, Manuel Thorsen, Todd TI Multijet electrospinning of conducting nanofibers from microfluidic manifolds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microfluidic; composites; conducting polymers; morphology; multijet ID POLYMER NANOFIBERS; MULTIPLE JETS; POLYPYRROLE; FABRICATION; FIBERS; COMPOSITES; BLENDS; FIELD AB We present a method for the electrospinning of conducting polymeric composite nanofibers using a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic device. To scale-up the process and spin multicomponent systems, we designed a unique multi-spinnerette electrospinning device using microchannels cast in PDMS. Nanofibers of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) and its composite with polypyrrole were successfully prepared using one-step and two-step microfluidic electrospinning. The effect of processing variables on the morphology of the nanofibers formed using this device was also studied. SEM images showed that fiber diameter and morphology strongly depend on processing parameters such as concentration, applied electric field, feed rate, solvent, and ionic salt addition. FTIR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements reveal the polymerization of pyrrole in the matrix of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, INEST Grp, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. NIST, NCTCN Ctr, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Thorsen, T (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM thorsen@mit.edu NR 42 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 10 U2 40 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 5 BP 3171 EP 3178 DI 10.1002/app.26810 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 223XW UT WOS:000250410500042 ER PT J AU Lambert, A Read, WG Livesey, NJ Santee, ML Manney, GL Froidevaux, L Wu, DL Schwartz, MJ Pumphrey, HC Jimenez, C Nedoluha, GE Cofield, RE Cuddy, DT Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Fuller, RA Jarnot, RF Knosp, BW Pickett, HM Perun, VS Snyder, WV Stek, PC Thurstans, RP Wagner, PA Waters, JW Jucks, KW Toon, GC Stachnik, RA Bernath, PF Boone, CD Walker, KA Urban, J Murtagh, D Elkins, JW Atlas, E AF Lambert, A. Read, W. G. Livesey, N. J. Santee, M. L. Manney, G. L. Froidevaux, L. Wu, D. L. Schwartz, M. J. Pumphrey, H. C. Jimenez, C. Nedoluha, G. E. Cofield, R. E. Cuddy, D. T. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Fuller, R. A. Jarnot, R. F. Knosp, B. W. Pickett, H. M. Perun, V. S. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Thurstans, R. P. Wagner, P. A. Waters, J. W. Jucks, K. W. Toon, G. C. Stachnik, R. A. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Walker, K. A. Urban, J. Murtagh, D. Elkins, J. W. Atlas, E. TI Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder middle atmosphere water vapor and nitrous oxide measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; EOS MLS; SPECTROMETER; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM; STRATOSPHERE; INSTRUMENTS; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; PROFILES C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Lambert, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559 NR 50 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 5 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S36 DI 10.1029/2007JD008724 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239OA UT WOS:000251526400001 ER PT J AU Huang, XR Black, DR Macrander, AT Maj, J Chen, Y Dudley, M AF Huang, X. R. Black, D. R. Macrander, A. T. Maj, J. Chen, Y. Dudley, M. TI High-geometrical-resolution imaging of dislocations in SiC using monochromatic synchrotron topography SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION TOPOGRAPHY; DIODES AB We demonstrate high-geometrical-resolution imaging of dislocations in 4H-SiC by monochromatic synchrotron topography (but still under the "integrated wave" condition). In back-reflection topographs, 1c screw dislocation images are "magnified" to appear as well-defined circular white spots, while basal plane dislocations with opposite edge Burgers vector components exhibit two distinct kinds of contrast features. All the dislocation images are precisely described by ray-tracing simulations. This imaging technique provides an accurate, comprehensive, and nondestructive characterization tool, which is needed by current SiC researchers is used for industrial applications. It also provides a simple picture for understanding the mechanisms underlying synchrotron diffraction imaging of defects. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Huang, XR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM macrander@aps.anl.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 23 AR 231903 DI 10.1063/1.2814032 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 238MA UT WOS:000251450600025 ER PT J AU Plusquellic, DF Siegrist, K Heilweil, EJ Esenturk, O AF Plusquellic, David F. Siegrist, Karen Heilweil, Edwin J. Esenturk, Okan TI Applications of terahertz spectroscopy in biosystems SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Review DE biophysics; density functional calculations; structure elucidation; terahertz spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; COLLECTIVE VIBRATIONAL-MODES; BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; ALANYL-L-ALANINE; L-CYSTEINE; GAS-PHASE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS; BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES AB Terahertz (THz) spectroscopic investigations of condensed-phase biological samples are reviewed ranging from the simple crystalline forms of amino acids, carbohydrates and polypeptides to the more complex aqueous forms of small proteins, DNA and RNA. Vibrationally resolved studies of crystalline samples have revealed the exquisite sensitivity of THz modes to crystalline order, temperature, conformational form, peptide sequence and local solvate environment and have given unprecedented measures of the binding force constants and anharmonic character of the force fields, properties necessary to improve predictability but not readily obtainable using any other method. These studies have provided benchmark vibrational data on extended periodic structures for direct comparisons with classical (CHARMm) and quantum chemical (density functional theory) theories. For the larger amorphous and/or aqueous phase samples, the THz modes form a continuum-like absorption that arises because of the full accessibility to conformational space and/or the rapid time scale for inter-conversion in these environments. Despite severe absorption by liquid water, detailed investigations have uncovered the photo- and hydration-induced conformational flexibility of proteins, the solvent shell depth of the water/biomolecule boundary layers and the solvent reorientation dynamics occurring in these interfacial layers that occur on sub-picosecond time scales. As such, THz spectroscopy has enhanced and extended the accessibility to intermolecular forces, length- and timescales important in biological structure and activity. C1 [Plusquellic, David F.; Siegrist, Karen; Heilweil, Edwin J.; Esenturk, Okan] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Plusquellic, DF (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.plusquellic@nist.gov RI Esenturk, Okan/C-1187-2008; OI Esenturk, Okan/0000-0001-6539-4344 NR 120 TC 154 Z9 155 U1 8 U2 146 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD DEC 3 PY 2007 VL 8 IS 17 BP 2412 EP 2431 DI 10.1002/cphc.200700332 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240EU UT WOS:000251570800001 PM 17990257 ER PT J AU Moser, HG AF Moser, H. G. TI Reproduction in the viviparous South African clinid fish Fucomimus mus SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Clinidae; maturation; oogenesis; spermatogenesis; sperm storage; superfetation; viviparity ID EMBRYONIC ADAPTATIONS; DORSALIS PERCIFORMES; SUPERCILIOSUS; TELEOSTEI AB Description of the reproductive anatomy, histology and seasonality of reproduction of the viviparous clinid fish, Fucomimus mus, was based on a collection of 227 specimens from various intertidal localities off the south-east coast of South Africa. Males produce sperm throughout the year and have an efficient sperm transmission system consisting of a muscular intra-abdominal ampulla and a prominent urogenital papilla. Paired ducts pass sperm from the testes to a highly coiled epididymus located within the ampulla. Gestation occurs within the ovarian follicles. The follicular epithelium consists of an outer squamous layer and a hypertrophied inner columnar layer. A capillary network between these layers supplies the follicle with compounds required for egg maturation and for the nutrition and maintenance of developing embryos and young. Histological sections show that sperm is stored in pockets within the ovarian stroma. Parturition occurs at regular intervals throughout most months of the year, with an apparent minimum in April. Young are 16-17mm long at birth. The number of broods ranged from one to eight and the number of young per brood from one to 24, a maximum total number of 80 young was found in the largest females. There was a positive relationship between female length and the standing stock of maturing eggs and between female length and the average number of young per brood. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Moser, HG (reprint author), POB 446, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. EM hgmoser@msn.com NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1814-232X J9 AFR J MAR SCI JI Afr. J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.2989/AJMS.2007.29.3.10.340 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 272XP UT WOS:000253895300010 ER PT J AU Fenves, SJ AF Fenves, Steven J. TI Building a community SO AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Fenves, SJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8263, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sfenves@cme.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0890-0604 J9 AI EDAM JI AI EDAM-Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 15 EP 15 DI 10.1017/S0890060407070072 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 136OJ UT WOS:000244233700007 ER PT J AU Chen, L West, J Auroux, PA Manz, A Day, PJR AF Chen, Lin West, Jonathan Auroux, Pierre-Alain Manz, Andreas Day, Philip J. R. TI Ultrasensitive PCR and real-time detection from human genomic samples using a bidirectional flow microreactor SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NUCLEIC-ACID ANALYSIS; DNA ANALYSIS DEVICE; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; REACTION AMPLIFICATION; GLASS MICROCHIP; CHIP; CELL; CHAMBERS; MICROFLUIDICS AB In this paper we present a reliable bidirectional flow DNA amplification microreactor for processing real-world genomic samples. This system shares the low-power thermal responsiveness of a continuous flow reactor with the low surface area to volume ratio character of stationary reactors for reducing surface inhibitory effects. Silanization with dimethyldichlorosilane in combination with dynamic surface passivation was used to enhance PCR compatibility and enable efficient amplification. For realtime fragment amplification monitoring we have implemented an epimodal fluorescent detection capability. The passivated bidirectional flow system was ultrasensitive, achieving an RNase P gene detection limit of 24 human genome copies with a reaction efficiency of 77%. This starts to rival the performance of a conventional real-time PCR instrument with a reaction efficiency of 93% and revitalizes flow-through PCR as a viable component of lab on a chip DNA analysis formats. C1 Inst Analyt Sci, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. NIST, Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester Interdisciplinary Bioctr, Manchester M1 7ND, Lancs, England. RP Day, PJR (reprint author), Inst Analyt Sci, Bunsen-Kirchhoff Str 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. EM day@isas.de RI West, Jonathan/E-8613-2011; Manz, Andreas/C-4483-2008; West, Jonathan/F-3512-2012 OI Manz, Andreas/0000-0001-9712-711X; NR 47 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 23 BP 9185 EP 9190 DI 10.1021/ac701668k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 236OH UT WOS:000251311900052 PM 17979297 ER PT J AU Yang, S Batchelder, PB Raley, DM AF Yang, Shao Batchelder, Paul B. Raley, Dena M. TI A New Model of Pulse Oximetry: Two-Dimensional Pulsation SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, Shao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. [Batchelder, Paul B.; Raley, Dena M.] Clinimark, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 105 BP S114 EP S115 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA V78YQ UT WOS:000205336800040 ER PT J AU Ramadurai, K Cromer, CL Li, XY Mahajan, RL Lehman, JH AF Ramadurai, Krishna Cromer, Christopher L. Li, Xiaoyu Mahajan, Roop L. Lehman, John H. TI Foam-based optical absorber for high-power laser radiometry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FORCED-CONVECTION; METAL FOAMS; CALORIMETER AB We report damage threshold measurements of novel absorbers comprised of either liquid-cooled silicon carbide or vitreous carbon foams. The measurements demonstrate damage thresholds up to 1.6 x 104 W/cm(2) at an incident circular spot size of 2 mm with an absorbance of 96% at 1.064 mu m. We present a summary of the damage threshold as a function of the water flow velocity and the absorbance measurements. We also present a qualitative description of a damage mechanism based on a two-phase heat transfer between the foam and the flowing water. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Ramadurai, Krishna] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cromer, Christopher L.; Li, Xiaoyu; Lehman, John H.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mahajan, Roop L.] Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Mahajan, Roop L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Ramadurai, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, 427 UCB,1111 Engn Dr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM krishna.ramadurai@gmail.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 34 BP 8268 EP 8271 DI 10.1364/AO.46.008268 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 283ZB UT WOS:000254673900008 PM 18059667 ER PT J AU Laureano-Perez, L Colle, R Fitzgerald, R Outola, I Pibida, L AF Laureano-Perez, Lizbeth Colle, R. Fitzgerald, R. Outola, Iisa Pibida, L. TI A liquid-scintillation-based primary standardization of Pb-210 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE anticoincidence counting; beta counting; CIEMAT/NIST method; efficiency tracing; lead-210; liquid scintillation (LS); radioactivity; SRM; standards ID INTRAVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPY SOURCES; COCKTAIL MASS VOLUME; COUNTING EFFICIENCY; EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES; H2O FRACTION; HALF-LIFE; SPECTROMETRY; H-3; CALIBRATION; NI-63 AB A new radioactivity solution standard of Pb-210 has been developed and will be disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as standard reference material (SRM) 4337. This new Pb-210 solution standard is contained in a 5mL flame-sealed borosilicate glass ampoule, consists of (5.133 +/- 0.002)g of a nominal 1 mol L-1 nitric acid solution, has a density of (1.028 +/- 0.002) g mL(-1) at 20 degrees C, has carrier ion concentrations of about 11 mu g Pb2+ and 21 mu g Bi3+ per gram of solution, and is certified to contain a massic activity (9.037 +/- 0.22) kBq g(-1) as of the reference time 1200 EST, 15 June 2006. All of the uncertainties cited above correspond to standard uncertainties multiplied by a coverage factor k = 2. The standardization for the Pb-210 content of the solution was based on 4 pi alpha beta liquid scintillation (LS) measurements using CIEMAT/NIST 3 H-standard efficiency tracing (CNET). Confirmatory determinations were also performed by high-resolution HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry, by 2 pi alpha spectrometry with a Si surface barrier detector of separated Po-210, and by 4 pi beta(LS)-gamma(NaI) anticoincidence counting. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Laureano-Perez, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lizbeth.laureano-perez@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1368 EP 1380 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.06.012 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 239SB UT WOS:000251536900012 PM 17766125 ER PT J AU Bowker, GE Baldauf, R Isakov, V Khlystov, A Petersen, W AF Bowker, George E. Baldauf, Richard Isakov, Vlad Khlystov, Andrey Petersen, William TI The effects of roadside structures on the transport and dispersion of ultrafine particles from highways SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air quality; dispersion modeling; noise barriers; vegetation; mobile sources; QUIC ID MAJOR HIGHWAY; URBAN; PROXIMITY; VEHICLES; DENSITY; SIZE; AREA; AIR AB Understanding local-scale transport and dispersion of pollutants emitted from traffic sources is important for urban planning and air quality assessments. Predicting pollutant concentration patterns in complex environments depends on accurate representations of local features (e.g., noise barriers, trees, buildings) affecting near-field air flows. This study examined the effects of roadside barriers on the flow patterns and dispersion of pollutants from a high-traffic highway in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. The effects of the structures were analyzed using the Quick Urban & Industrial Complex (QUIC) model, an empirically based diagnostic tool which simulates fine-scale wind field and dispersion patterns around obstacles. Model simulations were compared with the spatial distributions of ultrafine particles (UFP) from vehicular emissions measured using a passenger van equipped with a Differential Mobility Analyzer/Condensation Particle Counter. The field site allowed for an evaluation of pollutant concentrations in open terrain, with a noise barrier present near the road, and with a noise barrier and vegetation present near the road. Results indicated that air pollutant concentrations near the road were generally higher in open terrain situations with no barriers present; however, concentrations for this case decreased faster with distance than when roadside barriers were present. The presence of a noise barrier and vegetation resulted in the lowest downwind pollutant concentrations, indicating that the plume under this condition was relatively uniform and vertically well-mixed. Comparison of the QUIC model with the mobile UFP measurements indicated that QUIC reasonably represented pollutant transport and dispersion for each of the study configurations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Bowker, George E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Atmospher Model Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Isakov, Vlad] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Model Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Khlystov, Andrey] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Petersen, William] William Petersen Consultants, Hurdle Mills, NC USA. RP Baldauf, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD-E343-02, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baldauf.richard@epa.gov RI Khlystov, Andrey/C-6134-2009 OI Khlystov, Andrey/0000-0001-9606-3919 NR 34 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 37 BP 8128 EP 8139 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.064 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243XC UT WOS:000251829600011 ER PT J AU Kleindienst, TE Jaoui, M Lewandowski, M Offenberg, JH Lewis, CW Bhave, PV Edney, EO AF Kleindienst, Tadeusz E. Jaoui, Mohammed Lewandowski, Michael Offenberg, John H. Lewis, Charles W. Bhave, Prakash V. Edney, Edward O. TI Estimates of the contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to secondary organic aerosol at a southeastern US location SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SOA; organic aerosol; biogenic hydrocarbons; anthropogenic hydrocarbons ID UNITED-STATES; SESQUITERPENE EMISSIONS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ELEMENTAL CARBON; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; ALPHA-PINENE; PM2.5; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; GASOLINE AB An organic tracer-based method containing laboratory and field study components was used to estimate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to ambient organic carbon (OC) concentrations in PM2.5 during 2003 in Research Triangle Park, NC. In the laboratory, smog chamber experiments were conducted where isoprene, alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and toluene were individually irradiated in the presence of NOx. In each experiment, SOA was collected and analyzed for potential tracer compounds, whose concentrations were used to calculate a mass fraction of tracer compounds for each hydrocarbon. In the field, 33 PM2.5 samples were collected and analyzed for (1) tracer compounds observed in the laboratory irradiations, (2) levoglucosan, a biomass burning tracer, and (3) total OC. For each of the four hydrocarbons, the SOA contributions to ambient OC concentrations were estimated using the tracer concentrations and the laboratory-derived mass fractions. The estimates show SOA formation from isoprene, a-pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and toluene contributed significantly to the ambient OC concentrations. The relative contributions were highly seasonal with biomass burning in the winter accounting for more than 50% of the OC concentrations, while SOA contributions remained low. However, during the 6-month period between May and October, SOA from the precursor hydrocarbons contributed more than 40% of the measured OC concentration. Although the tracer-based method is subject to considerable uncertainty due to the simplification of replacing the complex set of chemical reactions responsible for SOA with a laboratory-derived single-valued mass fraction, the results suggest this approach can be used to identify major sources of SOA which can assist in the development of air quality models. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.; Lewandowski, Michael; Offenberg, John H.; Lewis, Charles W.; Edney, Edward O.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, Mohammed] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Bhave, Prakash V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Administ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Kleindienst, TE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kleindienst.tad@epa.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 31 TC 189 Z9 197 U1 23 U2 146 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 37 BP 8288 EP 8300 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.045 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243XC UT WOS:000251829600024 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Shao, M Liu, Y William, K Paul, G Li, XH Liu, YA Lu, SH AF Wang, Qiaoqiao Shao, Min Liu, Ying William, Kuster Paul, Goldan Li, Xiaohua Liu, Yuan Lu, Sihua TI Impact of biomass burning on urban air quality estimated by organic tracers: Guangzhou and Beijing as cases SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; tracer; acetonitrile; PM2.5; air quality ID PEM-WEST-B; PARTICULATE MATTER; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; POLLUTION SOURCES; EMISSIONS; LEVOGLUCOSAN; ACETONITRILE; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS AB The impacts of biomass burning have not been adequately studied in China. In this work, chemical compositions of volatile organic compounds and particulate organic matters were measured in August 2005 in Beijing and in October 2004 in Guangzhou city. The performance of several possible tracers for biomass burning is compared by using acetonitrile as a reference compound. The correlations between the possible tracers and acetonitrile show that the use of K+ as a tracer could result in bias because of the existence of other K+ sources in urban areas, while chloromethane is not reliable due to its wide use as industrial chemical. The impact of biomass burning on air quality is estimated using acetonitrile and levoglucosan as tracers. The results show that the impact of biomass burning is ubiquitous in both suburban and urban Guangzhou, and the frequencies of air pollution episodes significantly influenced by biomass burning were 100% for Xinken and 58% for downtown Guangzhou city. Fortunately, the air quality in only 2 out of 22 days was partly impacted by biomass burning in August in Beijing, the month that 2008 Olympic games will take place. The quantitative contribution of biomass burning to ambient PM2.5 concentrations in Guangzhou city was also estimated by the ratio of levoglocusan to PM2.5 in both the ambient air and biomass burning plumes. The results show that biomass burning contributes 3.0-16.8% and 4.0-19.0% of PM2.5 concentrations in Xinken and Guangzhou downtown, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Qiaoqiao; Shao, Min; Liu, Ying; Li, Xiaohua; Liu, Yuan; Lu, Sihua] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [William, Kuster; Paul, Goldan] US Dept Commerce, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shao, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM mshao@pku.edu.cn RI SHAO, Min/C-7351-2014; Wang, Qiaoqiao/M-3884-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 32 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 37 BP 8380 EP 8390 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.048 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243XC UT WOS:000251829600031 ER PT J AU Tong, D Mathur, R Schere, K Kang, D Yu, S AF Tong, Daniel Mathur, Rohit Schere, Kenneth Kang, Daiwen Yu, Shaocal TI The use of air quality forecasts to assess impacts of air pollution on crops: Methodology and case study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE crop loss; ozone damage; exposure; air quality model; cost benefit analysis ID PROTECT VEGETATION; OZONE EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; GROWTH; MODEL; YIELD; STANDARDS; DIOXIDE; CHINA AB It has been reported that ambient ozone (03), either alone or in concurrence with acid rain precursors, accounts for up to 90% of US crop losses resulting from exposure to all major air pollutants. Crop damage due to 03 exposure is of particular concern as ambient 03 concentrations remain high in many major food-producing regions. Assessing 03 damage to crops is challenging due to the difficulties in determining the reduction in crop yield that results from exposure to surface 03, for which monitors are limited and mostly deployed in non-rural areas. This work explores the potential benefits of using operational air quality forecast (AQF) data to estimate rural 03 exposure. Using the results from the first nationwide AQF as a case study, we demonstrate how the 03 data provided by AQF can be combined with concurrent crop information to assess 03 damages to soybeans in the United States. We estimate that exposure to ambient 03 reduces the US soybean production by 10% in 2005. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tong, Daniel; Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth; Kang, Daiwen; Yu, Shaocal] US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. [Tong, Daniel; Kang, Daiwen; Yu, Shaocal] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Mathur, Rohit; Schere, Kenneth] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. RP Tong, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, MD E243 03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA. EM tong.daniel@epa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 38 BP 8772 EP 8784 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.060 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247SR UT WOS:000252101300030 ER PT J AU Stein, AF Isakov, V Godowitch, J Draxler, RR AF Stein, Ariel F. Isakov, Vlad Godowitch, James Draxler, Roland R. TI A hybrid modeling approach to resolve pollutant concentrations in an urban area SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE spatial variability; air toxics; CMAQ; HYSPLIT; AERMOD ID INDUSTRIAL SOURCE APPLICATIONS; DISPERSION MODEL; BENZENE; 1,3-BUTADIENE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; EXPOSURE; AERMOD AB A modeling tool that can resolve contributions from individual sources to the urban environment is critical for air-toxics exposure assessments. Air toxics are often chemically reactive and may have background concentrations originated from distant sources. Grid models are the best-suited tools to handle the regional features of these chemicals. However, these models are not designed to resolve pollutant concentrations on local scales. Moreover.. for many species of interest, having reaction time scales that are longer than the travel time across an urban area, chemical reactions can be ignored in describing local dispersion from strong individual sources making Lagrangian and plume-dispersion models practical. In this study, we test the feasibility of developing an urban hybrid simulation system. In this combination. the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model (CMAQ) provides the regional background concentrations and urban-scale photochemistry, and local models such as Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) and AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) provide the more spatially resolved concentrations due to local emission sources. In the initial application, the HYSPLIT, AERMOD, and CMAQ models are used in combination to calculate high-resolution benzene concentrations in the Houston area. The study period is from 18 August to 4 September of 2000. The Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) is used to create meteorological fields with a horizontal resolution of 1 x 1 km(2). In another variation to this approach, multiple HYSPLIT simulations are used to create a concentration ensemble to estimate the contribution to the concentration variability from point sources. HYSPLIT simulations are used to model two sources of concentration variability; one due to variability created by different particle trajectory pathways in the turbulent atmosphere and the other due to different flow regimes that might be introduced when using gridded data to represent meteorological data fields. The ensemble mean concentrations determined by HYSPLIT plus the concentrations estimated by AERMOD are added to the CMAQ calculated background to estimate the total mean benzene concentration. These estimated hourly mean concentrations are also compared with available field measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stein, Ariel F.; Draxler, Roland R.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Isakov, Vlad; Godowitch, James] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014 OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198 NR 23 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 40 BP 9410 EP 9426 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.004 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251FA UT WOS:000252355700013 ER PT J AU Venkatram, A Isakov, V Thoma, E Baldauf, R AF Venkatram, Akula Isakov, Vlad Thoma, Eben Baldauf, Richard TI Analysis of air quality data near roadways using a dispersion model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air quality; line source; dispersion modeling; traffic emissions; mobile sources ID LINE-SOURCE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; INDUCED TURBULENCE; MAJOR HIGHWAY; URBAN AREAS; POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; MORTALITY; MOTORWAY; WIND AB We used a dispersion model to analyze measurements made during a field study conducted by the U.S. EPA in July-August 2006, to estimate the impact of traffic emissions on air quality at distances of tens of meters from an eight-lane highway located in Raleigh, NC. The air quality measurements consisted of long path optical measurements of NO at distances of 7 and 17 in from the edge of the highway. Sonic anemometers were used to measure wind speed and turbulent velocities at 6 and 20m from the highway. Traffic flow rates were monitored using traffic surveillance cameras. The dispersion model [Venkatram, A., 2004. On estimating emissions through horizontal fluxes. Atmospheric Environment 38, 2439-2446] explained over 60% of the variance of the observed path averaged NO concentrations, and over 90% of the observed concentrations were within a factor of two of the model estimates. Sensitivity tests conducted with the model indicated that the traffic flow rate made the largest contribution to the variance of the observed NO concentrations. The meteorological variable that had the largest impact on the near road NO concentrations was the standard deviation of the vertical velocity fluctuations, sigma(w). Wind speed had a relatively minor effect on concentrations. Furthermore, as long as the wind direction was within +/- 45 degrees from the normal to the road, wind direction had little impact on near road concentrations. The measurements did not allow us to draw conclusions on the impact of traffic-induced turbulence on dispersion. The analysis of air quality and meteorological observations resulted in plausible estimates of on-road emission factors for NO. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Isakov, Vlad] NOAA, Atomspher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Venkatram, Akula] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Thoma, Eben; Baldauf, Richard] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Baldauf, Richard] US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Air & Radiat, Off Transportat & Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Venkatram, A (reprint author), NOAA, Atomspher Sci Modeling Div, MD-E243-04,109 T N Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM lsakov.Vlad@epa.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 40 BP 9481 EP 9497 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.045 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251FA UT WOS:000252355700018 ER PT J AU Appel, KW Gilliland, AB Sarwar, G Gilliam, RC AF Appel, K. Wyat Gilliland, Alice B. Sarwar, Golam Gilliam, Robert C. TI Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5: Sensitivities impacting model performance Part I - Ozone SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality model; Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model; model evaluation; ozone; synoptic cluster ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; METEOROLOGY; CHEMISTRY; PATTERNS AB This study examines ozone (O(3)) predictions from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5 and discusses potential factors influencing the model results. Daily maximum 8-h average O(3) levels are largely underpredicted when observed O(3) levels are above 85ppb and overpredicted when they are below 35ppb. Using a clustering approach, model performance was examined separately for several different synoptic regimes. Under the most common synoptic conditions of a typical summertime Bermuda High setup, the model showed good overall performance for O(3), while associations have been identified here between other, less frequent, synoptic regimes and the O(3) overprediction and underprediction biases. A sensitivity test between the CB-1V and CB05 chemical mechanisms showed that predictions of daily maximum 8-h average O(3) using CB05 were on average 7.3% higher than those using CB-IV. Boundary condition (BC) sensitivity tests show that the overprediction biases at low O(3) levels are more sensitive to the BC 03 levels near the surface than BC concentrations aloft. These sensitivity tests also show the model performance for O(3) improved when using the global GEOS-CHEM BCs instead of default profiles. Simulations using the newest version of the CMAQ model (v4.6) showed a small improvement in O(3) predictions, particularly when vertical layers were not collapsed. Collectively, the results suggest that key synoptic weather patterns play a leading role in the prediction biases, and more detailed study of these episodes are needed to identify further modeling improvements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Appel, K. Wyat; Gilliland, Alice B.; Gilliam, Robert C.] US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sarwar, Golam] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Appel, KW (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Wyat.Appel@noaa.gov RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 NR 34 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 40 BP 9603 EP 9615 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.044 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251FA UT WOS:000252355700028 ER PT J AU Lang, BE Schwarz, FP AF Lang, Brian E. Schwarz, Frederick P. TI Thermodynamic dependence of DNA/DNA and DNA/RNA hybridization reactions on temperature and ionic strength SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DNA/DNA binding; DNA/RNA hybridization; thermodynamics ID BASE-PAIRING CONTRIBUTIONS; DNA DUPLEX STABILITY; EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS; HELIX STABILITY; PARAMETERS; RNA; STACKING; SEQUENCE; BINDING AB The thermodynamics of 5'-ATGCTGATGC-3' binding to its complementary DNA and RNA strands was determined in sodium phosphate buffer under varying conditions of temperature and salt concentration from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The Gibbs free energy change, Delta G degrees of the DNA hybridization reactions increased by about 6 U mol(-1) from 20 degrees C to 37 degrees C and exhibited heat capacity changes of -1.42 +/- 0.09 KJ mol(-1) for DNA/DNA and -0.87 +/- 0.05 U mol(-1) K(-1) for DNA/RNA. Values of Delta G degrees decreased non-linearly by 3.5 KJ mol(-1) at 25 degrees C and 6.0 KJ mol(-1) at 37 degrees C with increase in the log of the sodium chloride concentration from 0.10 M to 1.0 M. A near-linear relationship was observed, however, between Delta G degrees and the activity coefficient of the water component of the salt solutions. The thermodynamic parameters of the hybridization reaction along with the heat capacity changes were combined with thermodynamic contributions from the stacking to unstacking transitions of the single-stranded oligonucleotides from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, resulting in good agreement with extrapolation of the free energy changes to 37 degrees C from the melting transition at 56 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Div Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Lang, BE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Div Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM brian.lang@nist.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 13 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 131 IS 1-3 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.09.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 237QP UT WOS:000251391300011 PM 17942215 ER PT J AU Hayakawa, E Tokumasu, F Nardone, GA Jin, AJ Hackley, VA Dvorak, JA AF Hayakawa, Eri Tokumasu, Fuyuki Nardone, Glenn A. Jin, Albert J. Hackley, Vince A. Dvorak, James A. TI A Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived lipid inhibits membrane fusion by modulating lipid membrane domains SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; INFECTED MACROPHAGES; LIPOARABINOMANNAN; DYNAMICS; RAFTS; SPHINGOMYELIN; PURIFICATION; MICRODOMAINS; TRAFFICKING AB Tuberculosis is an infectious and potentially fatal disease caused by the acid-fast bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). One hallmark of a tuberculosis infection is the ability of the bacterium to subvert the normal macrophage defense mechanism of the host immune response. Lipoarabinomannan ( LAM), an integral component of the MTB cell wall, is released when MTBs are taken into phagosomes and has been reported to be involved in the inhibition of phago-lysosomal (P-L) fusion. However, the physical chemistry of the effects of LAM on lipid membrane structure relative to P-L fusion has not been studied. We produced membranes in vitro composed of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol to simulate phagosomal lipid membranes and quantified the effects of the addition of LAM to these membranes, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays and atomic force microscopy. We found that LAM inhibits vesicle fusion and markedly alters lipid membrane domain morphology and sphingomyelin-chollesterol/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine ratios. These data demonstrate that LAM induces a dramatic reorganization of lipid membranes in vitro and clarifies the role of LAM in the inhibition of P-L fusion and the survival of the MTB within the macrophage. C1 Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Precursory Res Embryon Sci & Technol, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Dis, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3220012, Japan. NIH, NIAID, ORS OD, Div Bioengn & Phys Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tokumasu, F (reprint author), NIH, NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ftokumasu@niaid.nih.gov OI Jin, Albert/0000-0003-3826-1081; Tokumasu, Fuyuki/0000-0003-2790-1071 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 EB000015-02] NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 93 IS 11 BP 4018 EP 4030 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.104075 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 231MS UT WOS:000250951900031 PM 17704144 ER PT J AU Stuart, NA Schultz, DM Klein, G AF Stuart, Neil A. Schultz, David M. Klein, Gary TI Maintaining the Role of Humans in the Forecast Process - Analyzing the psyche of expert forecasters SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DECISION-MAKING AB The Second Forum on the Future Role of the Human in the Forecast Process occurred on 2-3 August 2005 at the American Meteorological Society's Weather Analysis and Forecasting Conference in Washington, D.C. The forum consisted of three sessions. This paper discusses the second session, featuring three presentations on the cognitive and psychological aspects of expert weather forecasters. The first presentation discussed the learning gap between students (goal seekers) and teachers (knowledge seekers)-a similar gap exists between forecasters and researchers. In order to most effectively train students or forecasters, teachers must be able to teach across this gap using some methods described within. The second presentation discussed the heuristics involved in weather forecasting and decision making under time constraints and uncertainty. The. final presentation classified the spectrum of forecasters from intuitive scientists to the disengaged. How information technology can best be adapted so as not to inhibit intuitive scientists from their mental modeling of weather scenarios is described. Forecasters must continuously refine their skills through education and training, and be aware of the heuristic contributions to the forecast process, to maintain expertise and have the best chance of ensuring a dynamic role in the future forecast process. C1 [Stuart, Neil A.] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Schultz, David M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schultz, David M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Klein, Gary] Klein Associates Div Appl Res Associates, Fairborn, OH USA. RP Stuart, NA (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, 251 Fuller Rd,Suite B3000, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM Neil.Stuart@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1893 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-12-1893 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250XH UT WOS:000252334100011 ER PT J AU Vasiloff, SV Seo, DJ Howard, KW Zhang, J Kitzmiller, DH Mullusky, MG Krajewski, WF Brandes, EA Rabin, RM Berkowitz, DS Brooks, HE Mcginley, JA Kuligowski, RJ Brown, BG AF Vasiloff, Steven V. Seo, Dong-Jun Howard, Kenneth W. Zhang, Jian Kitzmiller, David H. Mullusky, Mary G. Krajewski, Witold F. Brandes, Edward A. Rabin, Robert M. Berkowitz, Daniel S. Brooks, Harold E. Mcginley, John A. Kuligowski, Robert J. Brown, Barbara G. TI Improving QPE and very short term QPF: An initiative for a community-wide integrated approach SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RAIN-GAUGE MEASUREMENTS; MEAN-FIELD BIAS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; WEATHER RADAR; UNITED-STATES; PART II; ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION; VERIFICATION AB Accurate quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) and very short term quantitative precipitation forecasts (VSTQPF) are critical to accurate monitoring and prediction of water-related hazards and water resources. While tremendous progress has been made in the last quarter-century in many areas of QPE and VSTQPF, significant gaps continue to exist in both knowledge and capabilities that are necessary to produce accurate high-resolution precipitation estimates at the national scale for a wide spectrum of users. Toward this goal, a national next-generation QPE and VSTQPF (Q2) workshop was held in Norman, Oklahoma, on 28-30 June 2005. Scientists, operational forecasters, water managers, and stakeholders from public and private sectors, including academia, presented and discussed a broad range of precipitation and forecasting topics and issues, and developed a list of science focus areas. To meet the nation's needs for the precipitation information effectively, the authors herein propose a community-wide integrated approach for precipitation information that fully capitalizes on recent advances in science and technology, and leverages the wide range of expertise and experience that exists in the research and operational communities. The concepts and recommendations from the workshop form the Q2 science plan and a suggested path to operations. Implementation of these concepts is expected to improve river forecasts and flood and flash flood watches and warnings, and to enhance various hydrologic and hydrometeorological services for a wide range of users and customers. In support of this initiative, the National Mosaic and Q2 (NMQ) system is being developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory to serve as a community test bed for QPE and VSTQPF research and to facilitate the transition to operations of research applications. The NMQ system provides a real-time, around-the-clock data infusion and applications development and evaluation environment, and thus offers a community-wide platform for development and testing of advances in the focus areas. C1 [Vasiloff, Steven V.; Howard, Kenneth W.; Rabin, Robert M.; Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun; Kitzmiller, David H.] NOAA, NWS, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhang, Jian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Mullusky, Mary G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Krajewski, Witold F.] Univ Iowa, IIHR, Iowa City, IA USA. [Brandes, Edward A.; Brown, Barbara G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Berkowitz, Daniel S.] NOAA, WSR Radar Operat Ctr 88D, Norman, OK USA. [Mcginley, John A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Vasiloff, SV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM steven.vasiloff@noaa.gov RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 NR 67 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1899 EP 1911 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-12-1899 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250XH UT WOS:000252334100013 ER PT J AU Rauber, RM Stevens, B Ochs, HT Knight, C Albrecht, BA Blyth, AM Fairall, CW Jensen, JB Lasher-Trapp, SG Mayol-Bracero, OL Vali, G Anderson, JR Baker, BA Bandy, AR Burnet, E Brenguier, JL Brewer, WA Brown, PRA Chuang, P Cotton, WR Girolamo, LD Geerts, B Gerber, H Goke, S Gomes, L Heikes, BG Hudson, JG Kollias, P Lawson, RP Krueger, SK Lenschow, DH Nuijens, L O'Sullivan, DW Rilling, RA Rogers, DC Siebesma, AP Snodgrass, E Stith, JL Thornton, DC Tucker, S Twohy, CH Zuidema, P AF Rauber, Robert M. Stevens, Bjorn Ochs, Harry T., III Knight, Charles Albrecht, B. A. Blyth, A. M. Fairall, C. W. Jensen, J. B. Lasher-Trapp, S. G. Mayol-Bracero, O. L. Vali, G. Anderson, J. R. Baker, B. A. Bandy, A. R. Burnet, E. Brenguier, J. L. Brewer, W. A. Brown, P. R. A. Chuang, P. Cotton, W. R. Girolamo, L. D. Geerts, B. Gerber, H. Goke, S. Gomes, L. Heikes, B. G. Hudson, J. G. Kollias, P. Lawson, R. P. Krueger, S. K. Lenschow, D. H. Nuijens, L. O'Sullivan, D. W. Rilling, R. A. Rogers, D. C. Siebesma, A. P. Snodgrass, E. Stith, J. L. Thornton, D. C. Tucker, S. Twohy, C. H. Zuidema, P. TI Rain in shallow cumulus over the ocean - The RICO campaign SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; ENTRAINMENT; WARM; SPECTRA; CLIMATE; GROWTH; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB Shallow, maritime cumuli are ubiquitous over much of the tropical oceans, and characterizing their properties is important to understanding weather and climate. The Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign, which took place during November 2004-January 2005 in the trades over the western Atlantic, emphasized measurements of processes related to the formation of rain in shallow cumuli, and how rain subsequently modifies the structure and ensemble statistics of trade wind clouds. Eight weeks of nearly continuous S-band polarimetric radar sampling, 57 flights from three heavily instrumented research aircraft, and a suite of ground- and ship-based instrumentation provided data on trade wind clouds with unprecedented resolution. Observational strategies employed during RICO capitalized on the advances in remote sensing and other instrumentation to provide insight into processes that span a range of scales and that lie at the heart of questions relating to the cause and effects of rain from shallow maritime cumuli. C1 [Rauber, Robert M.; Ochs, Harry T., III; Girolamo, L. D.; Goke, S.; Snodgrass, E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stevens, Bjorn; Nuijens, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Knight, Charles; Jensen, J. B.; Lenschow, D. H.; Rilling, R. A.; Rogers, D. C.; Stith, J. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Albrecht, B. A.; Zuidema, P.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Blyth, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Fairall, C. W.; Brewer, W. A.] NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. [Lasher-Trapp, S. G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mayol-Bracero, O. L.] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Vali, G.; Geerts, B.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Anderson, J. R.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Baker, B. A.; Lawson, R. P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Bandy, A. R.; Thornton, D. C.] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Burnet, E.; Brenguier, J. L.] Meteo France CNRS, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Brown, P. R. A.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chuang, P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cotton, W. R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gerber, H.] Gerber Sci Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Heikes, B. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hudson, J. G.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Kollias, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Krueger, S. K.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Nuijens, L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [O'Sullivan, D. W.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. [Siebesma, A. P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Twohy, C. H.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rauber, RM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rauber@atoms.uiuc.edu RI Jensen, Jorgen/C-9211-2009; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Brown, Philip/D-9819-2013; OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Brown, Philip/0000-0003-4643-4923; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098; Rauber, Robert/0000-0003-2880-6148 NR 47 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1912 EP 1928 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-12-1912 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250XH UT WOS:000252334100014 ER PT J AU Goericke, R Venrick, E Koslow, T Sydeman, WJ Schwing, FB Bograd, SJ Peterson, WT Emmett, R Lara, JRL Castro, GTG Valdez, JG Hyrenbach, KD Bradley, RW Weise, MJ Harvey, JT Collins, C Lo, NCH AF Goericke, Ralf Venrick, Elizabeth Koslow, Tony Sydeman, William J. Schwing, Franklin B. Bograd, Steven J. Peterson, William T. Emmett, Robert Ruben Lara Lara, J. To Gaxiola Castro, Gilber Valdez, Jose Gomez Hyrenbach, K. David Bradley, Russel W. Weise, Michael J. Harvey, James T. Collins, Curtis Lo, Nancy C. H. TI The state of the California Current, 2006-2007: Regional and local processes dominate SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; CURRENT SYSTEM; MARINE BIRDS; PACIFIC; DIET; ABUNDANCE AB The state of the California Current System (CCS) between Ore.-on and Baja California is summarized in this report, covering spring 2006 to spring 2007, Observations reported here are based on contributions from various ocean observing programs along the West Coast of North America. Basin-scale indicators were variable or neutral over the last year. This indeterminate forcing was reflected in conditions in the CCS where no coherent patterns emerged, i.e., no single "state" could be ascribed to the system. Rather, regional or local processes dominated observed patterns. Similar to last year, delayed upwelling off Ore-on and central California dramatically affected higher trophic levels: euphausiid recruitment was delayed and as a likely consequence seabird productivity off Central California was extremely depressed. For example, Cassin's auklet had a complete reproductive failure, similar to 2006. Observations during the spring of 2007 demonstrate that these patterns were ephemeral since upwelling was normal and seabird productivity improved. Off southern and Baja California, upwelling-favorable winds were also weak or delayed during 2006, but biological consequences appear to have been relatively minor. C1 [Goericke, Ralf; Venrick, Elizabeth; Koslow, Tony] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Schwing, Franklin B.; Bograd, Steven J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Peterson, William T.; Emmett, Robert] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bradley, Russel W.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Marine Ecol Div, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Hyrenbach, K. David] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Valdez, Jose Gomez] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Fis, Ensenada 22866, Baja California, Mexico. [Ruben Lara Lara, J.; To Gaxiola Castro, Gilber] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Weise, Michael J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Collins, Curtis] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lo, Nancy C. H.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Goericke, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rgoericke@ucsd.edu NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 BP 33 EP 66 PG 34 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 313WG UT WOS:000256770100003 ER PT J AU Emmett, RL Sampson, DB AF Emmett, Robert L. Sampson, David B. TI The relationships between predatory fish, forage fishes, and juvenile salmonid marine survival off the Columbia River: A simple trophic model analysis SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Conference CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHINOOK SALMON; REGIME SHIFT; SEA OTTERS; GROWTH; OREGON; TSHAWYTSCHA AB A trophic model that simulates interactions between a predatory fish (Pacific. hake, Merluccius productus), forage fish, and juvenile salmon off the Columbia River was constructed to identify if trophic interactions could account for marine mortality of Columbia River juvenile salmon. The model estimates the number of juvenile salmon that are eaten annually by Pacific hake off the Columbia River for a given hake and forage fish population. Model results indicate that the presence of high numbers of Pacific hake could account for high mortallty of some juvenile salmonid species/stocks leaving the Columbia River, and that this mortality would be much reduced when fora-e fish are abundant. Estimates of hake and forage fish abundance, based on field data collected from 1998-2005, were used in the model to derive annual estimates of the number of salmon possibly eaten by hake. A multiple regression analysis using the output from the trophic model and average May/June Columbia River flows accounted for much of the annual variation in Columbia River fall Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (O. kisutch) salmon marine survival (p < 0.05, R-2 > 60%), but not spring or summer Chinook salmon. For these two stocks, average May/June sea-surface temperature was the best predictor of marine survival. Results support the hypothesis that for some Columbia River salmon species/stocks, marine survival is predation-driven and affected by the interaction between the abundance of Pacific hake, forage fish, Columbia River flows, and possibly ocean turbidity. Future modeling work should include predation estimates of other large fishes, marine mammals, and sea birds. C1 [Emmett, Robert L.] NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Sampson, David B.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Sampson, David B.] Coastal Oregon Marine Fxperiment Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Emmett, RL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Robert.Emmett@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 BP 92 EP 105 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 313WG UT WOS:000256770100007 ER PT J AU Ruzicka, JJ Brodeur, RD Wainwright, TC AF Ruzicka, James J. Brodeur, Richard D. Wainwright, Thomas C. TI Seasonal food web models for the oregon inner-shelf ecosystem: Investigating the role of large jellyfish SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Conference CY DEC 05, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; WARM OCEAN YEARS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EUPHAUSIA-PACIFICA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; THYSANOESSA-SPINIFERA AB We developed two seasonal food-web models, spring and summer, within the Ecopath framework for the Oregon upwelling ecosystem to investigate the role of large Jellyfish as competitors for zooplankton prey. We used information about fish and jellyfish biomass, distribution, and diet derived from pelagic trawl survey data. Information about lower trophic-level production was acquired from zooplankton survey data. The models indicate that in spring, jellyfish are a modest consumer of zooplankton, and forage fishes dominate the system in terms of biomass and consumption. By late summer, jellyfish become the major zooplankton consumers, and they consume 17% of the summer zooplankton production while forage fish consume 9%. Jellyfish appear to divert zooplankton production away from upper trophic levels. Only 2% of the energy consumed by jellyfish is passed to higher trophic levels. However, the role of jellyfish as competitors may be moderate; a large proportion of zooplankton production (40%-44%) is not consumed but lost to detritus. C1 [Ruzicka, James J.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Wainwright, Thomas C.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ruzicka, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Jim.Ruzicka@noaa.gov RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010 OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X NR 83 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 BP 106 EP 128 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 313WG UT WOS:000256770100008 ER PT J AU Field, JC Baltz, K Phillips, AJ Walker, WA AF Field, John C. Baltz, Ken Phillips, A. Jason Walker, William A. TI Range expansion and trophic interactions of the jumbo squid, Dosidicus Gigas, in the California Current SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; 1997-98 EL-NINO; STOMACH CONTENTS; FEEDING-HABITS; MONTEREY BAY; OREGON; FOOD; OMMASTREPHIDAE; CEPHALOPODA; FISHERIES AB Although Jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) have been occasional visitors to the California Current over the last century, their abundance and distribution increased between 2002 and 2006. We report several time series of jumbo squid relative abundance from commercial and recreational fisheries as well as resource surveys and food habits studies. To evaluate the trophic relationships of jumbo squid, we report the results of 428 stomach samples collected between 2005 and 2006 at various locations and seasons along the U.S. West Coast. Prey were identified using hard parts, primarily squid beaks and otoliths, and prey sizes were estimated where possible. While jumbo squid forage primarily oil small midwater and forage fishes, they also prey on adult groundfish such as Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), shortbelly rockfish (Sebastes jordani), and other species with semi-pelagic life histories. As their ability to prey oil larger items suggests potential impacts on ecosystems, we also consider the role of jumbo squid in a food web model of the northern California Current. C1 [Field, John C.; Baltz, Ken] SW Fishery Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Phillips, A. Jason] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Walker, William A.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Field, JC (reprint author), SW Fishery Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM John.Field@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 18 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 BP 131 EP 146 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 313WG UT WOS:000256770100009 ER PT J AU Lo, NCH AF Lo, Nancy C. H. TI Daily larval production of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) off California in 1951-2006 SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; SPAWNING BIOMASS; MORTALITY; GROWTH; STAGE; STOCK; EGGS AB Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) daily larval production at hatching per 10 m(2) from 1951-2006 was estimated based on data collected from California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) surveys off the California coast from San Diego to San Francisco in January-April, the peak spawning time. CalCOFI cruises covered this area prior to 1985, and have covered it during January surveys since 2003 and other non-CalCOFI surveys. For some years between 1980 and 2003, the CalCOFI survey area reached only to just north of Morro Bay. For those years, the larval production at hatching was estimated using a conversion factor to scale to the entire area. The density of daily Pacific hake larval production fluctuated with major peaks in 1986 and 1987. Minor peaks were in 1952, 1958, 1972, and 1979. The density of daily larval production has been decreasing since 1987 and was particularly low in 2003-06. The decrease of Pacific hake larval production coincided with the increase of sea temperature since the 1980s. This fishery-independent time series should benefit assessments and provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the Pacific hake population. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Lo, NCH (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Nancy.Lo@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 BP 147 EP 164 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 313WG UT WOS:000256770100010 ER PT J AU Phillips, AJ Ralston, S Brodeur, RD Auth, TD Emmett, RL Johnson, C Wespestad, VG AF Phillips, A. Jason Ralston, Stephen Brodeur, Richard D. Auth, Toby D. Emmett, Robert L. Johnson, Carrie Wespestad, Vidar G. TI Recent pre-recruit Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) occurrences in the northern California Current suggest a northward expansion of their spawning area SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; OREGON COAST; EL-NINO; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; ABUNDANCE AB Coastal Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) are known to spawn in the southern California Bight from January to March, migrate north during late spring and summer to feed off Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, and then move back to southern California in the fall. juvenile Pacific hake nursery areas have been found to occur along the coastal shelf and slope of California, and occasionally into southern Oregon during strong El Nino events. In this paper, we combine information from several studies that captured larval and high abundances of young-of-the-year (YOY) Pacific hake in the northern California Current from 2003-06. These preliminary results suggest that spawning and recruitment of Pacific hake have expanded northward and this will likely have major economic and ecological consequences in the northern California Current (NCC). C1 [Phillips, A. Jason; Auth, Toby D.; Johnson, Carrie] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ralston, Stephen] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Emmett, Robert L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wespestad, Vidar G.] Pacific Whiting Conservat Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. RP Phillips, AJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Authony.Phillips@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 BP 215 EP 229 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 313WG UT WOS:000256770100015 ER PT J AU Bar, NS Sigholt, T Shearer, KD Krogdahl, A AF Bar, Nadav S. Sigholt, Trygve Shearer, Karl D. Krogdahl, Ashild TI A dynamic model of nutrient pathways, growth, and body composition in fish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; MAMMALIAN ENERGETICS; PROTEIN; ENERGY; MUSCLE; TEMPERATURES; METABOLISM; SIMULATION AB The growth and body composition of an organism are dynamic and depend on available diet, as well as other environmental variables. A structured model is described predicting growth, body composition, and the first limiting amino acid for a variety of feeding regimes over a relatively long time scale. This model continuously provides, as a function of time, the flow of nutrients and metabolites through the principal metabolic pathways leading to tissue growth. Measurements of growth and whole body composition (including amino acid composition) from a large-scale experiment with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have been employed to calibrate this model. Comparisons of simulations with the results of feeding experiments validate the predictive ability of the model. These types of simulations will be valuable in studying the quantitative relationships between intracellular energy levels and nutrient distribution in tissues. They will also provide data for balancing diet composition and amino acid profile in order to optimize growth with respect to factors such as body weight, body composition, and ambient temperature. As a result of its modularity, the model can be easily extended to include additional physiological and metabolic processes. C1 [Bar, Nadav S.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Engn Cybernet, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Sigholt, Trygve] BioMar AS, NO-7484 Trondheim, Norway. [Shearer, Karl D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Krogdahl, Ashild] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Aquaculture Protein Ctr, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway. RP Bar, NS (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Engn Cybernet, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM barc@itk.ntnu.no NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1669 EP 1682 DI 10.1139/F07-127 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256WG UT WOS:000252760000004 ER PT J AU Barnett-Johnson, R Grimes, CB Royer, CF Donohoe, CJ AF Barnett-Johnson, Rachel Grimes, Churchill B. Royer, Chantell F. Donohoe, Christopher J. TI Identifying the contribution of wild and hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to the ocean fishery using otolith microstructure as natural tags SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; CENTRAL VALLEY; SHAPE-ANALYSIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; STOCK; CALIFORNIA; MORPHOLOGY; KISUTCH; GROWTH AB Quantifying the contribution of wild (naturally spawned) and hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to the mixed-stock ocean fishery is critical to understanding their relative importance to the persistence of salmon stocks. The inability to distinguish hatchery and wild salmon has inhibited the detection of declines or recoveries for many wild populations. By using Chinook salmon of known hatchery and wild origin, we established a baseline for separating these two sources using otolith microstructure. Otoliths of wild salmon contained a distinct exogenous feeding check likely reflecting an abrupt transition in food resources from maternal yolk not experienced by fish reared in hatcheries. Daily growth increments in otoliths from hatchery salmon immediately after the onset of exogenous feeding were wider and more uniform in width than those in wild fish. The discriminant function that we used to distinguish individuals reared in hatcheries or in the wild was robust between years (1999 and 2002), life history stages (juveniles and adults), and geographic regions (California, British Columbia, and Alaska) and classified fish with similar to 91% accuracy. Results from our mixed-stock model estimated that the contribution of wild fish was 10% +/- 6%, indicating hatchery supplementation may be playing a larger role in supporting the central California coastal fishery than previously assumed. C1 [Barnett-Johnson, Rachel; Grimes, Churchill B.; Royer, Chantell F.; Donohoe, Christopher J.] Santa Cruz Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Barnett-Johnson, R (reprint author), Santa Cruz Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Barnett-Johnson@biology.ucsc.edu NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1683 EP 1692 DI 10.1139/F07-129 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256WG UT WOS:000252760000005 ER PT J AU Henderson, MJ Horne, JK AF Henderson, Mark J. Horne, John K. TI Comparison of in situ, ex situ, and backscatter model estimates of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) target strength SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUND-SCATTERING; WALLEYE POLLOCK; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ZOOPLANKTON GROUPS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; SPLIT-BEAM; FISH; LENGTH; DISTRIBUTIONS; ORIENTATION AB To convert acoustic energy into estimates of fish density, the target strength (TS) of a representative fish must be known. TS is a measure of the acoustic reflectivity of a fish, which is variable depending on the presence of a swimbladder, the size of the fish, its behavior, morphology, and physiology. The most common method used to estimate the TS of a fish is a TS-to-length empirical regression, with TS values increasing with fish length. This study uses in situ and ex situ TS measurements and a backscatter model to. develop TS-to-length conversions for Pacific hake (Merluccius productus). Results from in situ and ex situ measurements had regression. intercepts 4-6 dB lower than the previous Pacific hake TS-to-length regression. These differences suggest that an individual hake reflects 2.5-4 times less acoustic energy than was previously estimated. C1 [Henderson, Mark J.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Horne, John K.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Henderson, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fishery Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM mhender@vims.edu OI Henderson, Mark/0000-0002-5603-8302 NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1781 EP 1794 DI 10.1139/F07-134 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256WG UT WOS:000252760000014 ER PT J AU Yoklavich, MM Love, MS Forney, KA AF Yoklavich, Mary M. Love, Milton S. Forney, Karin A. TI A fishery-independent assessment of an overfished rockfish stock, cowcod (Sebastes levis), using direct observations from an occupied submersible SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; DENSITY AB A meaningful assessment of cowcod (Sebastes levis) has been conducted using visual, nonextractive, habitat-specific methods. Following the precipitous decline of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) stocks along the Pacific coast, it was evident that more effective methods were needed to assess several species in untrawlable habitats. Cowcod were surveyed within large Cowcod Conservation Areas (CCAs) off southern California using direct observations from the research submersible Delta over eight major offshore rocky banks in depths of 74 to 322 in. Maps of seafloor substratum and bathymetry were used to identify and quantify these areas. A line-transect analysis of fish counts, perpendicular distances of fish from the track line, lengths of survey tracks, and area of each rocky bank was used to estimate abundance. Biomass, calculated from abundance, fish length, and a weight-length relationship, varied with mean size of cowcod on these banks. These fishery-independent results have contributed to the recent assessment of cowcod by the Pacific Fishery Management Council. A time series of results from visual surveys is now necessary to evaluate a trend in cowcod biomass with respect to increased time of protection within the CCAs. C1 [Yoklavich, Mary M.; Forney, Karin A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Love, Milton S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Yoklavich, MM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM mary.yoklavich@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1795 EP 1804 DI 10.1139/F07-145 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256WG UT WOS:000252760000015 ER PT J AU Rosa, C Blake, JE Mazzaro, L Hoekstra, P Ylitalo, GM O'Hara, TM AF Rosa, Cheryl Blake, John E. Mazzaro, Lisa Hoekstra, Paul Ylitalo, Gina M. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Vitamin A and E tissue distribution with comparisons to organochlorine concentrations in the serum, blubber and liver of the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-tocopherol; Balaena mysticetus; biomarker; bowhead whale; cetacean; organochlorine; retinol; vitamin A; vitamin E ID SEAL HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; DOLPHINS DELPHINUS-DELPHIS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PHOCA-VITULINA; BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOL; LACTATION; MILK; PUPS; AGE AB Vitamin A and E concentrations were determined in liver (n = 51), blubber (n = 23) and serum (n = 5 3) of subsistence-hunted bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), between 1998 and 2001. Retinol and alpha-tocopherol were the major forms of vitamins A and E detected, respectively. Liver contained the highest mean concentrations of vitamin A, followed by epidermis, blubber, and serum. Liver also contained the highest mean concentration of vitamin E, followed by serum, epidermis, and blubber. Stratification of retinol and tocopherol was examined throughout the blubber cores collected. Retinol concentrations were significantly higher in the epidermis than in the deeper blubber layers. Tocopherol concentrations were similar for epidermis and the intermediate layer of blubber. Both the epidermis and the intermediate layer of blubber had significantly higher tocopherol concentrations than the innermost and outermost blubber layers. Vitamin A and E concentrations were investigated with respect to gender and reproductive status of females (males, non-pregnant females, pregnant females), age groups and season of harvest. Certain persistent organic contaminants are known to have a negative effect on retinol concentration in serum of pinnipeds and cetaceans. Bowhead whales have relatively low concentrations of organochlorines (OCs) in comparison to other mysticete species. The relationships between serum, liver and blubber retinol and serum and blubber OC concentrations were examined with no significant correlations noted. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Wildlife Management, N Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Mystic Aquarium & Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Syngenta Crop Protect Canada Inc, Guelph, ON N1G 4Z3, Canada. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rosa, C (reprint author), Dept Wildlife Management, N Slope Borough, PO Box 69, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. EM Cheryl.Rosa@north-slope.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR016466] NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 148 IS 4 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.07.087 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 238XM UT WOS:000251481700012 PM 17936661 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Adams, PB Bohnsack, J Taylor, BL AF Waples, Robin S. Adams, Peter B. Bohnsack, James Taylor, Barbara L. TI Normativity redux SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Adams, Peter B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bohnsack, James] SE Fisheries Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Taylor, Barbara L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1649 EP 1650 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00819.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242ZH UT WOS:000251764200035 PM 18173489 ER PT J AU Jaramillo-Legorreta, A Rojas-Bracho, L Brownell, RL Read, AJ Reeves, RR Ralls, K Taylor, BL AF Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Read, Andrew J. Reeves, Randall R. Ralls, Katherine Taylor, Barbara L. TI Saving the vaquita: Immediate action, not more data SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSERVATION; POWER C1 [Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando; Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo] CICESE, INE, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.; Taylor, Barbara L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Associates, Hudson, PQ, Canada. [Ralls, Katherine] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Jaramillo-Legorreta, A (reprint author), CICESE, INE, Km 107 Carretera Ensenada Tijuana, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. NR 8 TC 51 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1655 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00825.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242ZH UT WOS:000251764200037 PM 18173491 ER PT J AU Gomez-Gutierrez, J Feinberg, LR Shaw, TC Peterson, WT AF Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime Feinberg, Leah R. Shaw, Tracy C. Peterson, William T. TI Interannual and geographical variability of the brood size euphausiids Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera along the Oregon coast (1999-2004) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE euphausiids; broadcast spawning; brood size; spawning areas; upwelling; Oregon coast; USA ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; WARM OCEAN YEARS; POPULATION BIOLOGY; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; UPWELLING SYSTEM; ENERGETIC COST; EGG-PRODUCTION; BARKLEY SOUND; MONTEREY BAY AB Brood sizes of 1259 adult female Euphausia paci(ica and Thysanoessa spinifera were measured during 48 h incubations (10 degrees C, 0.5 degrees C on 27 oceanographic cruises between July 1999 and September 2004. The data set includes measurements from several stations off Newport, Oregon (Newport Hydrographic line, 44 degrees 39'N) made over a 5-year period and measurements from 14 more extensive cruises at stations representative of continental shelf, slope, and oceanic waters off Oregon and California, USA. E pacifica had similar brood sizes at inshore (< 200 m) and offshore (> 200 m) stations with an average of 151 and 139 eggs brood(-1) fem(-1), respectively. T spinifera brood sizes were considerably higher at inshore stations-particularly at Heceta Bank (44 degrees N) and south of Cape Blanco (42 degrees 50'N)-than at offshore stations, 155 and 107 eggs brood(-1)fem(-1), respectively. Average brood sizes of E pacifica increased during the study period, from 125 (in 2000) to 171 eggs brood(-1) fem(-1) (in 2003). Average percentage of carbon weight invested in spawning (reproductive effort) was higher in E pacifica (similar to 14%) than in T spinifera (similar to 6%), because both species have similar brood size but T spinifera females are larger than E pacifica females and produce smaller eggs. Reproductive effort for both species was higher during summer 2002, probably associated with anomalous cool subarctic waters and high chl-a concentration observed during that summer. Brood sizes and chl-a values remained relatively high in 2003-2004 compared to the 1999 2001 period. Geographical and temporal variability in brood sizes for both species were significantly correlated with in situ measurements of chl-a concentration but not with sea surface temperature. No gravid females were collected during late autumn and winter cruises, thus the spawning season along the Oregon coast appears to extend from March through September for both species. However, T spinifera(era usually starts reproductive activity earlier in the spring (March) than E. pacifica. Both species had their highest brood sizes in summer during the period of most intense upwelling, which is associated with an increase in regional phytoplankton standing stock. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Feinberg, Leah R.; Shaw, Tracy C.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA NMFS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Gomez-Gutierrez, J (reprint author), Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina, Av IPN,Col Palo Santa Rita S-N,CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. EM jagomezg@ipn.mx; Leah.Feinberg@oregonstate.edu; Tracy.Shaw@oregonstate.edu; Bill.Peterson@noaa.gov NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2145 EP 2169 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.09.003 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 252ZK UT WOS:000252486500006 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Weir, MD Sun, L AF Xu, Hockin H. K. Weir, Michael D. Sun, Limin TI Nanocomposites with Ca and PO4 release: Effects of reinforcement, dicalcium phosphate particle size and silanization SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dental composite; nanoparticles; whisker reinforcement; particle size; flexural strength; elastic modulus; tooth caries inhibition; Ca and PO4 ion release ID DENTAL RESIN COMPOSITES; SILICA-FUSED WHISKERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESTORATIONS; CONVERSION; FRACTURE; STRESS; WATER; WEAR AB Objectives. Nanoparticles of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) were synthesized in our laboratory for the first time and incorporated into a dental resin. Our goal was to develop a mechanically strong dental composite that has Ca and PO4 ion release to combat tooth caries, and to investigate the effects of whisker reinforcement, DCPA particle size and silanization. Methods. DCPA nanoparticles and two larger DCPA particles were used with nano-silica-fused whiskers as fillers in a resin matrix. Composite mechanical properties were measured via three-point flexure, and the release of Ca and PO4 ions were measured versus time. Results. Using DCPA nanoparticles with a diameter of 112nm, the composite at a DCPA:whisker mass ratio of 1:1 had a flexural strength (mean +/- S.D.; n = 5) of (112 +/- 17) MPa, not significantly different from (112 +/- 14)MPa of a commercial non-releasing composite; both were higher than (29 +/- 7) MPa for the composite at DCPA:whisker of 1:0 (p < 0.05). The composite with DCPA particle size of 112 nm released Ca to a concentration of 0.85 mmol/L and PO4 of 3.48 mmol/L, higher than Ca of 0.67 mmol/L and PO4 of 1.11 mmol/L using DCPA with 12 mu m particle size (p < 0.05). Silanization of DCPA increased the composite strength at DCPA:whisker of 1:0 compared to that without silanization, but decreased the Ca and PO4 release (p < 0.05). Increasing the DCPA particle surface area increased the Ca and PO4 release. Significance. Decreasing the DCPA particle size increased the Ca and PO4 release; whisker reinforcement increased the composite strength by two- to three-fold. The nano DCPA-whisker composites, with high strength and Ca and PO4 release, may provide the needed, unique combination of stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting capabilities. (c) 2007 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Bldg 224,Room A-153,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hockin.xu@nist.gov RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE14190, R01 DE014190, R01 DE014190-07A1, R01 DE017974, R01 DE017974-01A2] NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1482 EP 1491 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2007.01.002 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 239AF UT WOS:000251489100004 PM 17339048 ER PT J AU Holmes, EE Fritz, LW York, AE Sweeney, K AF Holmes, E. E. Fritz, L. W. York, A. E. Sweeney, K. TI Age-structured modeling reveals long-term declines in the natality of western Steller sea lions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AIC; apex predators; Bering Sea ecosystem; Gulf of Alaska; Leslie matrix; model selection; pinnipeds; population modeling; reproduction; Steller sea lions; sensitivity analysis ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; NUTRITIONAL STRESS HYPOTHESIS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; TEMPORAL CHANGES; TUGIDAK ISLAND AB Since the mid-1970s, the western Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), inhabiting Alaskan waters from Prince William Sound west through the Aleutian Islands, has declined by over 80%. Changing oceanographic conditions, competition from fishing operations, direct human-related mortality, and predators have been suggested as factors driving the decline, but the indirect and interactive nature of their effects on sea lions have made it difficult to attribute changes in abundance to specific factors. In part, this is because only changes in abundance, not changes in vital rates, are known. To determine how vital rates of the western Steller sea lion have changed during its 28-year decline, we first estimated the changes in Steller sea lion age structure using measurements of animals in aerial photographs taken during population surveys since 1985 in the central Gulf of Alaska (CGOA). We then fit an age-structured model with temporally varying vital rates to the age-structure data and to total population and pup counts. The model fits indicate that birth rate in the CGOA steadily declined from 1976 to 2004. Over the same period, survivorship first dropped severely in the early 1980s, when the population collapsed, and then survivorship steadily recovered. The best fitting model indicates that in 2004, the birth rate in the central Gulf of Alaska was 36% lower than in the 1970s, while adult and juvenile survivorship were close to or slightly above 1970s levels. These predictions and other model predictions concerning population structure match independent field data from mark-recapture studies and photometric analyses. The dominant eigenvalue for the estimated 2004 Leslie matrix is 1.0014, indicating a stable population. The stability, however, depends on very high adult survival, and the shift in vital rates results in a population that is more sensitive to changes in adult survivorship. Although our modeling analysis focused exclusively on the central Gulf of Alaska, the western Gulf of Alaska and eastern Aleutians show a similar pattern of declining pup fraction with no increase in the juvenile, or pre-breeding, fraction. This suggests that declining birth rate may be a problem for western Steller sea lions across the Gulf of Alaska and into the Aleutian Islands. C1 [Holmes, E. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fritz, L. W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [York, A. E.] York Data Anal, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Sweeney, K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holmes, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eli.holmes@noaa.gov NR 86 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2214 EP 2232 DI 10.1890/07-0508.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242QF UT WOS:000251739800008 PM 18213964 ER PT J AU Litzow, MA Ciannelli, L AF Litzow, Michael A. Ciannelli, Lorenzo TI Oscillating trophic control induces community reorganization in a marine ecosystem SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alternate stable states; bottom-up control; climate change; community reorganization; fishery; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; phase transition; regime shift; top-down control; trophic control ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOTTOM-UP; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; KODIAK ISLAND; NORTH PACIFIC; REGIME SHIFTS; CORAL-REEF AB Understanding how climate regulates trophic control may help to elucidate the causes of transitions between alternate ecosystem states following climate regime shifts. We used a 34-year time series of the abundance of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and five prey species to show that the nature of trophic control in a North Pacific ecosystem depends on climate state. Rapid warming in the 1970s caused an oscillation between bottom-up and top-down control. This shift to top-down control apparently contributed to the transition from an initial, prey-rich ecosystem state to the final, prey-poor state. However, top-down control could not be detected in the final state without reference to the initial state and transition period. Complete understanding of trophic control in ecosystems capable of transitions between alternate states may therefore require observations spanning more than one state. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Ciannelli, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lciannel@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 48 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1124 EP 1134 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01111.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 228BB UT WOS:000250700800002 PM 17883409 ER PT J AU Holmes, EE Sabo, JL Viscido, SV Fagan, WF AF Holmes, Elizabeth Eli Sabo, John L. Viscido, Steven Vincent Fagan, William Fredric TI A statistical approach to quasi-extinction forecasting SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE extinction analysis; population models; population viability analysis; stochastic estimation; stochastic models ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TIME-SERIES; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; OBSERVATION ERROR; DEMOGRAPHIC STOCHASTICITY; DIFFUSION APPROXIMATIONS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; PROCESS NOISE AB Forecasting population decline to a certain critical threshold (the quasi-extinction risk) is one of the central objectives of population viability analysis (PVA), and such predictions figure prominently in the decisions of major conservation organizations. In this paper, we argue that accurate forecasting of a population's quasi-extinction risk does not necessarily require knowledge of the underlying biological mechanisms. Because of the stochastic and multiplicative nature of population growth, the ensemble behaviour of population trajectories converges to common statistical forms across a wide variety of stochastic population processes. This paper provides a theoretical basis for this argument. We show that the quasi-extinction surfaces of a variety of complex stochastic population processes (including age-structured, density-dependent and spatially structured populations) can be modelled by a simple stochastic approximation: the stochastic exponential growth process overlaid with Gaussian errors. Using simulated and real data, we show that this model can be estimated with 20-30 years of data and can provide relatively unbiased quasi-extinction risk with confidence intervals considerably smaller than (0,1). This was found to be true even for simulated data derived from some of the noisiest population processes (density-dependent feedback, species interactions and strong age-structure cycling). A key advantage of statistical models is that their parameters and the uncertainty of those parameters can be estimated from time series data using standard statistical methods. In contrast for most species of conservation concern, biologically realistic models must often be specified rather than estimated because of the limited data available for all the various parameters. Biologically realistic models will always have a prominent place in PVA for evaluating specific management options which affect a single segment of a population, a single demographic rate, or different geographic areas. However, for forecasting quasi-extinction risk, statistical models that are based on the convergent statistical properties of population processes offer many advantages over biologically realistic models. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Holmes, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eli.holmes@noaa.gov RI Sabo, John/B-1872-2013 NR 76 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 44 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1182 EP 1198 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01105.x PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 228BB UT WOS:000250700800008 PM 17803676 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE Donohoe, CJ Garza, JC AF Pearse, Devon E. Donohoe, Christopher J. Garza, John Carlos TI Population genetics of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Klamath River SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; resident; anadromous; microsatellites ID COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; HYBRIDS; SALMON; BASIN AB An analysis of population structure and genetic diversity was conducted on samples of Oncorhynchus mykiss (steelhead/rainbow trout) from 33 sites in the Klamath-Trinity River basin. Genotype data from 16 microsatellite loci in almost 1,700 fish revealed genetic differentiation between most sampled locations. Two pairs of samples from the same sites in different years were not significantly different, indicating stability of population structure, at least on a short time scale. Most sampling sites were genetically distinct from all other sampling sites, and there was an evidence of geographic structure within the Klamath-Trinity River basin, although populations from tributaries within the watershed (e.g. Salmon River, Scott River, Clear Creek) did not always constitute distinct genetic lineages. Population structure was evident using phylogeographic trees, isolation by distance analyses and individual assignment tests, which all found a relationship between geographic and genetic distance. Populations in the lower Klamath region, below the confluence with the Trinity River, consistently clustered together in phylogeographic analyses and had patterns of genetic diversity that suggest reduced gene flow between these sites and sites above the confluence. Finally, in an analysis that included data from other coastal California rivers, the populations closest to the mouth of the Klamath River appeared intermediate between populations from adjacent watersheds and the lineage formed by the other populations in the Klamath-Trinity basin. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9135-z PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223MM UT WOS:000250374800003 ER PT J AU Maucher, JM Ramsdell, JS AF Maucher, Jennifer M. Ramsdell, John S. TI Maternal-fetal transfer of domoic acid in rats at two gestational time points SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE California sea lion; domoic acid; prenatal exposure; rats ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; SEA LIONS; MICE; EXPOSURE; TOXIN; NEUROTOXICITY; NEUROGENESIS; INTOXICATION; MORTALITY AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prenatal exposure to asymptomatic doses of domoic acid (DA) causes learning and memory deficits later in life; therefore, we sought to measure distribution of DA in maternal plasma and brain, prenatal brain, and amniotic fluid 1 hr after exposure, a time frame that normally encompasses acute seizure behavior. METHODS: Pregnant rats were given a single intravenous dose of DA (0.6 or 1.6 mg/kg body weight) at either gestational day (GD) 13 or GD20, which correspond to the beginning of rat embryo neurogenesis and the last day of gestation, respectively. Using a direct ELISA, dose-dependent levels of DA were detected in each sample matrix tested. RESULTS: An average of 6.6 and 14 ng DA/g brain tissue was found in GD 13 and GD20 prenatal rats, respectively. Brain concentrations of DA in the GD 13 prenates were identical to amniotic fluid levels, consistent with no restriction for DA to enter the GD13 prenatal brain. At GD20 the prenatal brain contained half the concentration of DA in the amniotic fluid, and was approximately half that found in the brain of the dams. After I hr, fetal brain and amniotic fluid contained between 1 and 5% of DA found in the maternal circulation. The amniotic fluid levels of DA in this study were also within the same range measured in stranded California sea lions that showed reproductive failure. CONCLUSIONS: DA crosses the placenta, enters brain tissue of prenates, and accumulates in the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid appears to be a useful fluid to monitor DA exposure. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 115 IS 12 BP 1743 EP 1746 DI 10.1289/ehp.10446 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 237YE UT WOS:000251411500034 PM 18087593 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JG Vale, C Soares, CV Salas, F Stacey, PE Bricker, SB Silva, MC Marques, JC AF Ferreira, J. G. Vale, C. Soares, C. V. Salas, F. Stacey, P. E. Bricker, S. B. Silva, M. C. Marques, J. C. TI Monitoring of coastal and transitional waters under the EU water framework directive SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE coastal waters; estuary; transitional waters; surveillance monitoring; operational monitoring; investigative monitoring; EU water framework directive; 2000/60/EC; US clean water act; management; MONAE ID COUNTRY NORTHERN SPAIN; MARINE BIOTIC INDEX; METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH; SHELLFISH TOXICITY; ESTUARINE; MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY; QUALITY; MODELS; DPSIR AB A set of guidelines are presented for the definition of monitoring plans in coastal and transitional (estuarine and lagoonal) systems subject to the European Union Water Framework Directive - WFD (2000/60/EC). General principles of best practice in monitoring are outlined, including (a) the definition of three types of broad management objectives: water quality, conservation, and human use, to which the general public may easily relate. These will define the core and research indicators (WFD quality elements) to be used for monitoring; (b) priorities and optimisation in a (financially and logistically) resource-constrained environment; (c) quality assurance; and (d) assessment of monitoring success: this should focus on the outputs, i.e. the internal audit of the monitoring activity, and on the outcomes. The latter component assesses programme effectiveness, i.e. environmental success based on a set of clearly-defined targets, and informs management action. The second part of this work discusses the approach and actions to be carried out for implementing WFD surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring. Appropriate spatial and temporal scales for surveillance monitoring of different indicators are suggested, and operational monitoring is classified into either screening or verification procedures, with an emphasis on the relationship between drivers, pressure, state and response. WFD investigative monitoring is interpreted as applied research, and thus guidelines cannot be prescriptive, except insofar as to provide examples of currently acceptable approaches. Specific case studies are presented for both operational (coastal eutrophication control) and investigative monitoring (harmful algal blooms), in order to illustrate the practical application of these monitoring guidelines. Further information is available at http://www.monae.org/. C1 IMAR DCEA, Inst Marine Res, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. IPIMAR Inst Invest Pescas Mar, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. Inst Hidrograf, P-1249093 Lisbon, Portugal. Fac Biol, Dept Ecol & Hidrol, Murcia 30100, Spain. Bureau Water Management, Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Hartford, CT USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. LNEC Lab Engn Civil, P-1700066 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, IMAR Inst Marine Res, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. RP Ferreira, JG (reprint author), IMAR DCEA, Inst Marine Res, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. EM joao@hoomi.com RI LNEC, DHA/F-9905-2010; Estuarios, NEC/D-5086-2009; MARQUES, JOAO CARLOS/L-9478-2014; OI Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X; MARQUES, JOAO CARLOS/0000-0001-8865-8189; vale, carlos/0000-0003-0162-1960 NR 50 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 135 IS 1-3 BP 195 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9643-0 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229XL UT WOS:000250839800019 PM 17342432 ER PT J AU Smith, KL Jones, ML AF Smith, Katherine L. Jones, Michael L. TI When are historical data sufficient for making watershed-level stream fish management and conservation decisions? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE stream fishes; historical data; sampling methods; environmental assessment; long-term change; migratory species; fish conservation and management ID ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; RIVER; EXTRAPOLATION; MACROECOLOGY; FAUNA; LISTS AB Addressing landscape-level threats to stream fishes such as habitat and hydrological alterations requires adequate watershed-level species inventories. Where watershed-level ichthyofaunal surveys are prohibitively expensive, existing (historical) data sources may provide an option for compiling species lists. However, it is critical that managers consider potential biases or limitations of species lists compiled from existing data. Here we assess the suitability of species lists compiled from existing data sources for making watershed-level fish management and conservation decisions. For nine Great Lakes watersheds, we developed existing species lists by compiling all available federal and state agency and museum fish survey data. We then compared the size and species composition of existing species lists to current species lists compiled from intensive field surveys, conducted in 2002, of the same watersheds. Species lists compiled from commonly available existing data sources, such as state and federal agency and museum data, missed many species detected during our 2002 field surveys. In most watersheds, more than 10 species were missed (range 5-21) on existing lists. Sampling over multiple years and seasons increased the size of both current (field) and existing species lists. Existing species lists compiled from surveys conducted over multiple years and seasons included an average of 15 species not captured during the 2002 field surveys. However, such multiyear existing datasets are rare and not available for many watersheds. In addition, species lists compiled from older existing surveys (e.g., before 1984) did not accurately represent current species composition of the watersheds and our results indicate several apparent misidentifications or errors on these lists. Lastly, while most game species were detected on existing lists, migratory species and recently introduced species were commonly missed on these lists. We conclude with recommendations for using existing data for watershed-level stream fish management and conservation decisions. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Int Affairs, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Smith, KL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Int Affairs, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM katherine.smith@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 135 IS 1-3 BP 291 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9650-1 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229XL UT WOS:000250839800026 PM 17375272 ER PT J AU Richardson, CJ King, RS Qian, SS Vaithiyanathan, P Qualls, RG Stow, CA AF Richardson, Curtis J. King, Ryan S. Qian, Song S. Vaithiyanathan, Panchabi Qualls, Robert G. Stow, Craig A. TI Estimating ecological thresholds for phosphorus in the Everglades SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NUTRIENT; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; GRADIENT; EUTROPHICATION; BIOASSESSMENT; SAWGRASS AB The Florida Everglades, a wetland of international importance, has been undergoing a significant shift in its native flora and fauna due to excessive total phosphorus (TP) loadings (an average of 147 t per annum from 1995 to 2004) and an elevated mean TP concentration (69 mu g L-1 of TP in 2004) from agricultural runoff and Lake Okeechobee outflow despite the use of 16000 ha of stormwater treatment areas. Here, we present a Bayesian changepoint analysis of long-term experimental research and show that exceeding a surface water geometric mean TP threshold concentration of 15 mu g L-1 causes an ecological imbalance in algal, macrophyte, and macroinvertebrate assemblages as well as slough community structure. A phosphorus threshold for all trophic levels may be more realistic and protective when presented as a threshold zone (12-15 mu g L-1) because estimates of uncertainty must be utilized to accurately define TP thresholds, which change with seasons and water depths. Most interior areas of the Everglades are currently at or below this threshold zone, but the exterior areas near inflow structures (except for the Everglades National Park) are presently receiving double or triple the proposed threshold. Our Bayesian approach, used hereto address ecological imbalance along nutrient gradients, is applicable to determining thresholds and stable states in other aquatic ecosystems. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Wetland Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Richardson, CJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Wetland Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM curtr@duke.edu RI Qian, Song/A-3163-2008; Qian, Song/I-6544-2012; OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 NR 47 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8084 EP 8091 DI 10.1021/es062624w PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236LW UT WOS:000251305500025 PM 18186341 ER PT J AU Mcconnell, LL Rice, CP Hapeman, CJ Drakeford, L Harman-Fetcho, JA Bialek, K Fulton, MH Leight, AK Allen, G AF Mcconnell, Laura L. Rice, Clifford P. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Drakeford, Leticia Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A. Bialek, Krystyna Fulton, Michael H. Leight, Andrew K. Allen, Gregory TI Agricultural pesticides and selected degradation products in five tidal regions and the main stem of Chesapeake Bay, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE chesapeake bay; pesticides; herbicides; metolachlor; atrazine ID SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; PATUXENT RIVER; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDE; SOIL; METOLACHLOR; DEPOSITION; MOVEMENT; ALACHLOR; LOADINGS AB Nutrients, sediment, and toxics from water sources and the surrounding airshed are major problems contributing to poor water quality in many regions of the Chesapeake Bay, an important estuary located in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. During the early spring of 2000, surface water samples were collected for pesticide analysis from 18 stations spanning the Chesapeake Bay. In a separate effort from July to September of 2004, 61 stations within several tidal regions were characterized with respect to 21 pesticides and 11 of their degradation products. Three regions were located on the agricultural Delmarva Peninsula: The Chester, Nanticoke, and Pocomoke Rivers. Two regions were located on the more urban western shore: The Rhode and South Rivers and the Lower Mobjack Bay, including the Back and Poquoson Rivers. In both studies, herbicides and their degradation products were the most frequently detected chemicals. In 2000, atrazine and metolachlor were found at all 18 stations. In 2004, the highest parent herbicide concentrations were found in the upstream region of Chester River. The highest concentration for any analyte in these studies was for the ethane sulfonic acid of metolachlor (MESA) at 2,900 ng/L in the Nanticoke River. The degradation product MESA also had the greatest concentration of any analyte in the Pocomoke River (2,100 ng/L) and in the Chester River (1,200 ng/L). In the agricultural tributaries, herbicide degradation product concentrations were more strongly correlated with salinity than the parent herbicides. In the two nonagricultural watersheds on the western shore, no gradient in herbicide concentrations was observed, indicating the pesticide source to these areas was water from the Bay main stem. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Mcconnell, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aura.mcconnell@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2567 EP 2578 DI 10.1897/06-655.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300012 PM 18020682 ER PT J AU Xiao, YJ Ferrerira, JG Bricker, SB Nunes, JP Zhu, MY Zhang, XL AF Xiao, Yongjin Ferrerira, Joao G. Bricker, Suzanne B. Nunes, Joao P. Zhu, Mingyuan Zhang, Xuelei TI Trophic assessment in Chinese coastal systems - Review of methods and application to the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Review ID LAND-USE CHANGE; PEARL RIVER ESTUARY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER-QUALITY; EXPORT COEFFICIENT; UNITED-STATES; FUZZY-LOGIC; EUTROPHICATION ASSESSMENT; NUTRIENT STRUCTURE; NITROGEN LOADS AB Coastal eutrophication has become one of the main threats to Chinese coastal areas during the last two decades. High nutrient loads from human activities have modified the natural background water quality in coastal water bodies, resulting in a range of undesirable effects. There is a need to assess the eutrophic level in coastal systems and to identify the extent of this impact to guide development of appropriate management efforts. Traditional Chinese assessment methods are discussed and compared with other currently-used methods, such as the Oslo-Paris Convention for the Protection of the North Sea (OSPAR) Comprehensive Procedure and Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS). The ASSETS method and two Chinese methods were tested on two Chinese systems: the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay. ASSETS is process based, and uses a pressure-state-response model based on three main indices: Influencing Factors, Overall Eutrophic Condition, and Future Outlook. The traditional methods are based on a nutrient index. ASSETS was successfully applied to both systems, classifying the Changjiang Estuary as Bad (high eutrophication) and Jiaozhou Bay as High (low eutrophication). The traditional methods led to ambiguous results, particularly for Jiaozhou Bay, due to the high spatial variability of data and a failure to assess the role of shellfish aquaculture in nutrient control. An overview of the Chinese coastal zone identifies 50 estuaries and bays that should form part of a national assessment. A comparison of methods and results suggests that ASSETS is a promising tool for evaluating the eutrophication status of these systems. C1 [Bricker, Suzanne B.] Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atomspher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Xiao, Yongjin; Ferrerira, Joao G.; Nunes, Joao P.] Inst Marine Res, Ctr Ocean & Environm, Dept Ciencias & Eng Ambiente, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. [Zhu, Mingyuan; Zhang, Xuelei] State Ocean Adm, Res Ctr Marine Ecol, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. RP Bricker, SB (reprint author), Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atomspher Adm, 1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov RI Nunes, Joao Pedro/A-5497-2011; Xiao, Yongjin/F-8687-2015; OI Nunes, Joao Pedro/0000-0002-0164-249X; Xiao, Yongjin/0000-0002-0126-6930; Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X NR 108 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 901 EP 918 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 258TE UT WOS:000252891600001 ER PT J AU Etherington, LL Hooge, PN Hooge, ER Hill, DF AF Etherington, Lisa L. Hooge, Philip N. Hooge, Elizabeth R. Hill, David F. TI Oceanography of Glacier Bay, Alaska: Implications for biological patterns in a glacial fjord estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COASTAL FRESH-WATER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TIDEWATER GLACIERS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; TIDAL CURRENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; PLANKTON; SUMMER AB Alaska, U.S.A, is one of the few remaining locations in the world that has fjords that contain temperate tidewater glaciers. Studying such estuarine systems provides vital information on how deglaciation affects oceanographic conditions of fjords and surrounding coastal waters. The oceanographic system of Glacier Bay, Alaska, is of particular interest due to the rapid deglaciation of the Bay and the resulting changes in the estuarine environment, the relatively high concentrations of marine mammals, seabirds, fishes, and invertebrates, and the Bay's status as a national park, where commercial fisheries are being phased out. We describe the first comprehensive broad-scale analysis of physical and biological oceanographic conditions within Glacier Bay based on CTD measurements at 24 stations from 1993 to 2002. Seasonal patterns of near-surface salinity, temperature, stratification, turbidity, and euphoric depth suggest that freshwater input was highest in summer, emphasizing the critical role of glacier and snowmelt to this system. Strong and persistent stratification of surface waters driven by freshwater input occurred from spring through fall. After accounting for seasonal and spatial variation, several of the external physical factors (i.e., air temperature, precipitation, day length) explained a large amount of variation in the physical properties of the surface waters. Spatial patterns of phytoplankton biomass varied throughout the year and were related to stratification levels, euphoric depth, and day length. We observed hydrographic patterns indicative of strong competing forces influencing water column stabillity within Glacier Bay: high levels of freshwater discharge promoted stratification in the upper fjord, while strong tidal currents over the Bay's shallow entrance sill enhanced vertical mixing. Where these two processes met in the central deep basins there were optimal conditions of intermediate stratification, higher light levels, and potential nutrient renewal. These conditions were associated with high and sustained chlorophyll a levels observed from spring through fall in these zones of the Bay and provide a framework for under-standing the abundance patterns of higher trophic levels within this estuarine system. C1 [Etherington, Lisa L.; Hooge, Philip N.; Hooge, Elizabeth R.] Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hill, David F.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Etherington, LL (reprint author), Cordell Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, POB 159, Olema, CA 94950 USA. EM lisa.etherington@noaa.gov RI Hill, David/C-4569-2012 NR 47 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 927 EP 944 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 258TE UT WOS:000252891600003 ER PT J AU Hill, SL Watters, GM Punt, AE McAllister, MK Le Quere, C Turner, J AF Hill, Simeon L. Watters, George M. Punt, Andre E. McAllister, Murdoch K. Le Quere, Corinne Turner, John TI Model uncertainty in the ecosystem approach to fisheries SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; ecosystem approach to fisheries; ecosystem models; fisheries management; model uncertainty; operational management procedures ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; MARINE RESERVE DESIGN; STOCK ASSESSMENT; STRUCTURAL UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; MANAGING FISHERIES; HARVEST DECISIONS; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; SCOTIA SEA AB Fisheries scientists habitually consider uncertainty in parameter values, but often neglect uncertainty about model structure, an issue of increasing importance as ecosystem models are devised to support the move to an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). This paper sets out pragmatic approaches with which to account for uncertainties in model structure and we review current ways of dealing with this issue in fisheries and other disciplines. All involve considering a set of alternative models representing different structural assumptions, but differ in how those models are used. The models can be asked to identify bounds on possible outcomes, find management actions that will perform adequately irrespective of the true model, find management actions that best achieve one or more objectives given weights assigned to each model, or formalize hypotheses for evaluation through experimentation. Data availability is likely to limit the use of approaches that involve weighting alternative models in an ecosystem setting, and the cost of experimentation is likely to limit its use. Practical implementation of an EAF should therefore be based on management approaches that acknowledge the uncertainty inherent in model predictions and are robust to it. Model results must be presented in ways that represent the risks and trade-offs associated with alternative actions and the degree of uncertainty in predictions. This presentation should not disguise the fact that, in many cases, estimates of model uncertainty may be based on subjective criteria. The problem of model uncertainty is far from unique to fisheries, and a dialogue among fisheries modellers and modellers from other scientific communities will therefore be helpful. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Prot Res Div, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Washington, USA Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Hill, SL (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM sih@bas.ac.uk RI Simeon, Hill/B-2307-2008; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017; OI Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 92 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 315 EP 336 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2007.00257.x PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 230ZV UT WOS:000250916400003 ER PT J AU Allman, RJ AF Allman, Robert J. TI Small-scale spatial variation in the population structure of vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) from the northeast Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE otoliths; age and growth; sex ratio; mortality; demographic parameters ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; RED SNAPPER; GROWTH; AGE; FISHES; MORTALITY; CAROLINA AB This study estimated the variation in demographic parameters in vermilion snapper, Rhomboplites aurorubens, on a small spatial scale (i.e., tens of kilometres). Vermilion snapper were collected from seven reef sites in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico using hook and line. Sagittal otoliths were collected from vermilion snapper sampled over a 2 years period. Vermilion snapper were assigned ages from I to 14 years and were assumed to be fully recruited to the sampling gear by age 4 or 5 at most reef sites. Significant differences were noted in mean total length and age by reef site, depth zone and distance from shore. The overall sex ratio of vermilion snapper favored females (1.6:1) with no significant difference in this ratio for fish collected during spawning months versus non-spawning months, depth zone or distance from shore; however, there were significant differences in sex ratios by site. Differences were noted in growth by reef site, depth zone and distance from shore using size at age and in reef site using otoliths weight at age. A middle depth site consistently indicated faster growth than all other sites. Von Bertalanffy growth curves for males and females were different, however the growth coefficient (k) was not. Mortality rates did not differ by site, depth zone or distance from shore. The results of this study underscore the importance of spatial scale for understanding the dynamics of reef fish populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Allman, RJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM robert.allman@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1-3 BP 88 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.07.017 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 242XT UT WOS:000251760200011 ER PT J AU Grace, MA Driggers, WB Forrester, J Hopkins, N AF Grace, Mark A. Driggers, William B., III Forrester, Jack Hopkins, Nicholas TI Landing sling use increases data accuracy and sampling opportunities for large marine fishes captured during fishery-independent longline surveys SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE landing sling; large marine fishes; longline surveys AB For fisheries research the lengths and weights of fishes are important data elements used to characterize biological dynamics; however, in order to collect accurate lengths and weights there can be stress and mortality issues due to handling methods. In particular, during coastal and oceanic longline projects, collecting accurate biological data from large animals is often problematic due to associated landing and handling difficulties. To improve the accuracy of biological data collected from large specimens and decrease survey-induced stress and mortalities during longline surveys, a portable landing sling was designed for use with shipboard hydraulic cranes. The landing sling enables researchers to improve biological data quality through increased opportunities to collect accurate lengths and weights, take detailed photographs, and conduct non-invasive biological sampling with minimal physical damage to large fishes captured. Thus, using a landing sling allows researchers to collect essential biological data while being responsibly conservative. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Grace, Mark A.; Driggers, William B., III; Forrester, Jack; Hopkins, Nicholas] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Grace, MA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. EM Mark.A.Grace@noaa.gov; William.Driggers@noaa.gov; Jack.Forrester@noaa.gov; Nick.Hopkins@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1-3 BP 146 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.07.016 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 242XT UT WOS:000251760200017 ER PT J AU Maus, S Alken, P Luhr, H AF Maus, Stefan Alken, Patrick Luehr, Hermann TI Electric fields and zonal winds in the equatorial ionosphere inferred from CHAMP satellite magnetic measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ELECTRODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERE; MIDDLE AB The Equatorial Electrojet ( EEJ) produces a strong magnetic signal in measurements of the low-orbiting CHAMP satellite. Six years of data with more than 30,000 dayside equator crossings provide a unique data basis to study this current system. In addition to scalar measurements used in previous studies, we have also inverted vector magnetic field measurements to gain accurate meridional profiles of the eastward current in the equatorial region. By solving the relevant differential equation, the CHAMP-derived current profiles can be inverted for the driving zonal electric fields and zonal winds. As a result of this feasibility study, we suggest an inversion of the complete set of individual CHAMP EEJ current profiles, which will provide valuable new information on dayside electric fields and thermospheric winds at low latitudes. C1 NOAA, E GCI, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Maus, S (reprint author), NOAA, E GCI, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 23 AR L23102 DI 10.1029/2007GL030859 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 237AS UT WOS:000251345600003 ER PT J AU Cutter, GR Demer, DA AF Cutter, George R., Jr. Demer, David A. TI Accounting for scattering directivity and fish behaviour in multibeam-echosounder surveys SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustic scattering; directivity; echo integration; fish; fish-scattering model; incidence angle; multibeam echosounder; target strength; volume backscatter ID ASPECT TARGET STRENGTH; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; INDIVIDUAL FISH; AVOIDANCE-BEHAVIOR; SOUND SCATTERING; FILLED CYLINDERS; FINITE-LENGTH; SONAR; SCHOOLS AB Multibeam echosounders can improve the efficiency and the precision of acoustic-survey estimates by providing greater sampling volumes than single-beam echosounders. For a multibeam echosounder, the target strength of fish can vary with its pitch, roll, and yaw. Here, normalized, acoustic backscatter patterns from fish schools are modelled by beam-incidence angle, 0-180 degrees, considering the scattering-directivity patterns of each fish. Variation of pitch angle causes a decrease in the mean and an increase in the variance of the backscatter in the vertical beam, but has no effect on the backscatter in the outer beams. Conversely, variation of the yaw causes a decrease in the mean and an increase in the variance of the backscatter in only the outer beams. Because the fish-scattering model predicts different backscatter at dorsal- vs. lateral-incidence angles, backscatter did vary with roll angle. In the hypothetical case of fish avoiding a vessel, the backscatter decreases strongly the outer beams. The results of the model were compared with multibeam measurements of fish schools. In general, the measured mean backscatter vs. beam-incidence angle was nearly uniform. The methods described here provide an approach to accounting for scattering directivity and fish behaviour in multi beam-echosounder surveys. C1 [Cutter, George R., Jr.; Demer, David A.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cutter, GR (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM george.cutter@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1664 EP 1674 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsm151 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 246PM UT WOS:000252019300005 ER PT J AU Walter, JF Hoenig, JM Gedamke, T AF Walter, John F., III Hoenig, John M. Gedamke, Todd TI Correcting for effective area fished in fishery-dependent depletion estimates of abundance and capture efficiency SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DeLury depletion; gear efficiency; kriging; Placopecten magellanicus; scallops; vessel monitoring systems ID SCALLOP PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; GEORGES BANK; SEA SCALLOPS; MOVEMENT AB Depletion methods are widely used to estimate capture efficiency and abundance. However, they are highly dependent on the depletion area assumed. In open-ocean depletion studies, it is difficult to determine the true area of depletion. Satellite vessel monitoring systems (VMS) offer the potential to determine the area effectively fished. Observer-collected catch-and-effort data from the 1999 Atlantic sea scallop fishery in Georges Bank Closed Area II were used to obtain spatially-explicit DeLury depletion estimates of dredge efficiency and abundance, with corrections for fished area made using VMS data. Non-area-corrected efficiency estimates often had theoretically impossible values, indicating that the naively assumed fished area was likely too big. Fine-scale spatial analyses on individual depletion cells confirmed this result. Corrected-area efficiency estimates exhibited reduced variability and more plausible efficiencies, with 70% of 289 individual depletion estimates failing between 20% and 55%, with a mean of 46%. Abundance estimates from individual depletion studies matched maps of abundance from a preseason survey. Results indicated a total abundance of similar to 17 million pounds of scallop meat weight in the fished area, of which 6 million pounds were landed, providing an overall exploitation rate of 35%. C1 [Walter, John F., III; Hoenig, John M.; Gedamke, Todd] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Walter, JF (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.f.walter@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1760 EP 1771 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsm147 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 246PM UT WOS:000252019300014 ER PT J AU Hoolihan, JP Luo, JG AF Hoolihan, John P. Luo, Jiangang TI Determining summer residence status and vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Arabian Gulf SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arabian Gulf; movement; pop-up satellite tags; sailfish; vertical behaviour ID BLUE MARLIN; RECREATIONAL FISHERY; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SPORTFISHING GEAR; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; TEMPERATURE; MOVEMENTS; TELEMETRY; CAUGHT AB Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on 18 sailfish in the Arabian Gulf between 2001 and 2005 to determine summer geoposition and habitat preference. Programmed releases following periods ranging from 110 to 156 d provided an aggregate total of 533 monitoring days of data. Three PSATs failed to report and nine released prematurely after periods ranging from 3 to 93 d. Four were recovered in gillnets after periods ranging from 39 to 90 cl, and two transmitted after programmed releases of 127 and 128 d. Pooled archival data from recovered PSATs showed a cumulative mean distribution of 83.9% for total time spent in the upper 10m, with no significant difference between day and night (X-4(2) = 0.84, p = 0.93). Depth ranged from 0 to 61 m, and ambient water temperature from 19.7 degrees C to 30.1 degrees C. Linear displacements ranged from 11 to 543 km and were all located inside the Gulf. Satellite- and light-level-derived geopositioning suggested that all fish remained in the Gulf The two PSATs releasing on schedule validated summer residence inside the Gulf, providing further evidence in support of genetic analyses and conventional mark-recapture studies, which suggested that this billfish population confines itself year-round within a shallow marginal sea area. Preference for near-surface depths suggests a great susceptibility to capture by gillnets and other surface gears, raising concern for the effectiveness of regional management and conservation of the species. C1 [Hoolihan, John P.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Luo, Jiangang] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hoolihan, JP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.hoolihan@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1791 EP 1799 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsm148 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 246PM UT WOS:000252019300017 ER PT J AU Ma, L Mink, A Xu, H Slattery, O Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Mink, Alan Xu, Hai Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao TI Experimental demonstration of an active quantum key distribution network with over Gbps clock synchronization SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical fiber communication; data security; quantum cryptography; quantum network; quantum key distribution AB We demonstrate a three-node QKD network that allows multiple users to share secure keys. This QKD network operates on the 850 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths at 1.25 Gbps clock rate. The communication route is controlled by MEMS optical switches. In this paper, we report the network structure and experimental results including the performance of the optical switch, polarization recovery, and timing alignment technology during switching. This demonstration experimentally shows that QKD can be extended to active multi-node networks. C1 [Ma, Lijun; Mink, Alan; Xu, Hai; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Stand & Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Tang, X (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Stand & Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM xiao.tang@.nist.gov NR 3 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1019 EP 1021 DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2007.071477 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 242BX UT WOS:000251700600037 ER PT J AU Webber, RJ Burroughs, CJ Radparvar, M AF Webber, Robert J. Burroughs, Charles J. Radparvar, Masoud TI Performance of a cryocooled Nb DC programmable voltage standard at 4 K SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE cryocooler; dc voltage; Josephson voltage standard; superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS); Josephson junctions ID JOSEPHSON; JUNCTIONS; OPERATION AB We report on the performance of a 1-V dc programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) operating on a commercially available Gifford-McMahon cryocooler at 4 K. The NIST-fabricated niobium superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junction chip has been shown to operate successfully as integrated with this cryopackage, generating 1.229 V at the maximum operating frequency of 19.364 GHz with Shapiro steps at constant voltage that are flat to within less than 100 nV. Because of the large operating margin (greater than 1 mA), these steps were highly stable and immune from noise. Differences in behavior of the PJVS in liquid helium and on the cryincooler are discussed. This demonstration paves the way towards automated warming and cooling of the Josephson device and a fully automated voltage standard system. C1 [Webber, Robert J.; Radparvar, Masoud] Hypres Inc, Elmsford, NY 10523 USA. [Burroughs, Charles J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Webber, RJ (reprint author), Hypres Inc, 175 Clearbrook Rd, Elmsford, NY 10523 USA. EM webber@hypres.com NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 3857 EP 3861 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.910146 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 240MA UT WOS:000251590500002 ER PT J AU Campbell, JP Lenahan, PM Cochrane, CJ Krishnan, AT Krishnan, S AF Campbell, Jason P. Lenahan, Patrick M. Cochrane, Corey J. Krishnan, Anand T. Krishnan, Srikanth TI Atomic-scale defects involved in the negative-bias temperature instability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE dielectric materials; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistors (MOSFETs); MOS integrated circuits; negative bias temperature instability (NBTI); paramagnetic resonance; reliability; reliability theory ID SPIN-DEPENDENT RECOMBINATION; INDUCED PARAMAGNETIC DEFECTS; SILICON DIOXIDE INTERFACE; SI-29 HYPERFINE SPECTRA; DANGLING-BOND CENTERS; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; NBTI DEGRADATION; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; GATE DIELECTRICS; PB CENTERS AB This paper examines the atomic-scale defects involved in a metal-oxide-silicon field-effect-transistor reliability problem called the negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI). NBTI has become the most important reliability problem in modern complementary-metal-oxide-silicon technology. Despite 40 years of research, the defects involved in this instability were undetermined prior to this paper. We combine dc gate-controlled diode measurements of interface-state density with two very sensitive electrically detected magnetic-resonance measurements called spin-dependent recombination (SDR) and spin-dependent tunneling (SDT). An analysis of these measurements provides an identification of the dominating atomic-scale defects involved in NBTI in pure-SiO2- and plasma-nitrided oxide (PNO)-based devices. We are also able to observe atomic-scale defects involved in HfO2-based devices (although a definitive identification of the dominating defects structure was not possible). Our results in pure-SiO2 devices indicate an NBTI mechanism which is dominated by the generation of P-b0 and P-b1. interface-state defects. (P-b0 and P-b1 are both silicon dangling-bond defects, in which the central silicon is back-bonded to three other silicon atoms precisely at the Si/SiO2 interface). This observation is consistent with what most NBTI researchers have assumed. However, our observations in PNO devices contradict with what most NBTI researchers had previously assumed. We demonstrate that the dominating NBTI-induced defect in the plasma-nitrided devices is fundamentally different than those observed in pure-SiO2-based devices. Our measurements indicate that the new plasma-nitrided NBTI-induced defect's physical location extends into the gate dielectric. The defect participates in both SDR and SDT. Our SDR results strongly indicate that the plasma-nitrided defect has a density of states which is more narrowly peaked than that of P-b centers and is near the middle of the band gap. The high sensitivity of our SDT measurements allow an identification of the physical and chemical nature of this defect through observations of Si-29 hyperfine interactions. The defects are silicon dangling bonds, in which the central silicon is back-bonded to nitrogen atoms. We call these NBTI-induced defects K-N centers because of the similarities to the K centers observed in silicon nitride (the silicon-nitrided K center is also a silicon dangling bond in which the silicon atom is back-bonded to nitrogen atoms). The defect identification in plasma-nitrided devices helps to explain the following phenomena: 1) NBTI's enhancement in plasma-nitrided devices; 2) conflicting reports of NBTI-induced interface states and/or bulk traps; and 3) fluorine's ineffectiveness in reducing NBTI in plasma-nitrided devices. We also observe the atomic-scale defects involved in NBTI in HfO2-based devices and find that short- and long-term stressing generates different defects and that these defects are different than those observed in the SiO2 and plasma-nitrided devices. Our results also suggest that the NBTI-induced defects in these devices are physically located in the interfacial layer (not at the interface). C1 [Campbell, Jason P.; Lenahan, Patrick M.; Cochrane, Corey J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Krishnan, Anand T.; Krishnan, Srikanth] Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75343 USA. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pmlesm@engr.psu.edu NR 70 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 540 EP 557 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2007.911379 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 247RU UT WOS:000252098200007 ER EF